Full text - European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and

Full text - European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and

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© 2015 Polytechnic Institute of Leiria. All rights reserved
Printed in Portugal
Tourism
EJTHR Research
www.ejthr.com
HIKING TRAILS EVALUATION IN
THE NATURAL PARK OF SERRAS
DE AIRE E CANDEEIROS,
PORTUGAL
Luís Carvalhinho
Paulo Rosa
Filipe Gomes
Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Portugal
ABSTRACT: 7KHSUDFWLFHRI KLNLQJLVRQHRI WKHQDWXUHEDVHGVSRUWVDQGDFWLYHWRXULVP
WKDWPRELOL]HVPRUHSDUWLFLSDQWVDQGDOVRKDVPRUHSRWHQWLDOLQWHUPVRI KHDOWK\OLIHVW\OHV
DGRSWLRQDQGORFDOVXVWDLQDELOLW\)RUWKLVWREHFRPHDUHDOLW\LWLVQHFHVVDU\WRPHHWDVHWRI UHTXLUHPHQWVWKURXJKTXDOLW\VWDQGDUGVDFFHVVLELOLW\DQGVRFLDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\7KXVWKLVVWXG\
intends to perform a technical evaluation on the hiking trails of the Natural Park of Serras
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Technical Evaluation”, validated for this purpose. The results indicated the typology of the
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information to the management entity, stakeholders, and general visitors. Keywords: Hiking
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INTRODUCTION
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The social paradigms associated with occupations of leisure time
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increase of recreational practices in touch with nature around the
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Luís Carvalhinho3K'LQ6SRUW6FLHQFHVLV)XOO3URIHVVRURI 2XWGRRU$FWLYLWLHVDQG
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Paulo Rosa 3K' VWXGHQW DQG Filipe Gomes 0V' VWXGHQW DUH OHFWXUHUV LQ WKH VDPH
School.
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and professionals.
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DVDYHKLFOHIRUIXQNQRZOHGJHRI WKHQDWXUDOWHUULWRU\DQGDSpreciation, among others, makes these practices also assume an important role as a factor of local development, especially in protected
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WKHUHKDVEHHQDJUHDWHUFRQFHUQLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI WKHVHDFWLYLties within spaces endowed with protected status, of tourism in general and sport tourism in particular, since these are also an addition to
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the opportunity to enjoy nature, and approach local people and their
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Hiking is one of the most popular sporting activities in contact
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Considering that the quality of recreational and sports areas is critiFDOWRWKHGHVLJQRI DTXDOLW\H[SHULHQFH0DQIUHGR'ULYHU%URZQ
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safety of these activities is also associated with risk factors related to
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that the proper management of natural spaces where the hiking activiWLHVDUHKHOGLVQHFHVVDU\DQGHPHUJHQWVRDVWREHFRPHPRUHDWWUDFWLYHWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQV7KHERGLHVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHQDWXUDOKDELtats play a very important role in creating and maintaining spaces for
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of adventure and risk activities in nature should involve rethinking
the spaces for these activities and the appropriate security measures
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provement of natural spaces for sport is crucial and involves a lot of
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RI WKHGLIIHUHQWVSRUWVWRSUDFWLFHDFFHVVLELOLW\LQDFFHVVLELOLW\UHJDUGing geographical and temporal characteristics and services, among othHUV(QYLURQPHQWDOULVNVWKHTXDOLW\RI WKHSK\VLFDOVSDFHQDWXUDO
the supporting infrastructures, environmental restrictions, or safety isVXHVVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWLQWKHFUHDWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWRI VSRUWVDQGUHFUHDWLRQDOVSDFHVDQGLQWKHORQJWHUPLWFDQFRQWULEXWH
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It is therefore considered that a signposted trail on the ground can
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the part of those who perform the marking in their management and
maintenance. There are technical guidelines governing the marking,
signalling, and maintenance of these spaces, mainly within the sport
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and recognition. On the other hand, concerns related to characterisWLFVRI WKHPDUNLQJVRWKHUYDULDEOHVUHODWHGWRWKHTXDOLW\RI VLJQDJH
conservation of the environment, and safety aspects are essential to
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from the NBSM from NPSAC, only the Natural Park of Sintra-CasFDLVKHOGLWVSXEOLFDWLRQ7KH1%60DFWVDVDNH\WRROLQWKHPDQDJHment, development, and regulation of sporting activities in protected
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territory without directly harming the conservation of nature, as well
as the respective load capacities or other restrictions inherent to this.
2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHH[LVWHQFHRI DQ1%60DORQHLVFOHDUO\LQVXIÀcient to ensure the quality of the spaces at all the different levels preYLRXVO\LGHQWLÀHGWKHUHIRUHEHLQJQHFHVVDU\WRLPSOHPHQWPRQLWRULQJ
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to create instruments that allow planning processes and management
of sports areas. These should have a strong theoretical and practical
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EHFDSDEOHRI SURGXFLQJHIIHFWLYHUHVXOWVWKDWDVVLVWLQWKHDGRSWLRQRI procedures for improvement.
METHODS
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Rio Maior
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3km
6km
6km
3km
2km
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Linear
Circular
Circular
Circular
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Ident. initials Name
Municipality
Table 1: Sample
144
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In general, and considering the total of 136 km of marked hiking
WUDLOVZHFDQVHHWKDWWKHUHLVDJRRGUDQJHRI FKRLFHYDU\LQJEHWZHHQ
NPDQGNPORQJEHWZHHQKRXUDQGKRXUVORQJDQGDEDODQFHGGLVWULEXWLRQRI WKHGLIÀFXOW\OHYHO/RZ 0HGLXP Moreover, it appears that most trails have a circular typology, i.e., the
point of departure is the same as the place of arrival, thus facilitating
the logistics and movement of hikers.
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signs and marks.
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to vegetation, Drainage, Waste dumps, Side trails.
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RESULTS
The data collected through the measuring instrument ‘HTTE’ allowed to present the results for the dimensions of the aforementioned
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,Q7DEOHZHFDQLGHQWLI\WKHTXDQWLW\DQGPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSURElems diagnosed in the trail dimension, in relation to each of the hiking
trails in NPSAC. Therefore, to evaluate this aspect, we used the followLQJYDULDEOHV(DVHRI LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ$2EVWDFOHV%9LVLELOLW\&DQG
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146
Table 2: Evaluation of “Trail Dimension”
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Number and typology
of problems
Municipality
Identif. (initials)/name
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
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0
1
3RUWR0yV
353066*DOHJD
1
1
1
0
3
0
0
3
3RUWR0yV
35306(5RPDQD
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
2
Rio Maior
3550506DO
1
3
1
1
6
0
0
6
Rio Maior
35505&$OFREHUWDV
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6DQWDUpP
35675$3HQD
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
Torres Novas
35719*$OPRQGD
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
3
91RYD2XUpP 35912%&)DUWR
Magnitude of
the problems
Totals
10
16
10
3
38
1
0
39
%
/HJHQG$ (DVHRI LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ% 2EVWDFOHV& 9LVLELOLW\' &URVVLQJV HDV\SUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ
KDUGSUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ XQUHVROYHGLVVXH
7KHGLPHQVLRQVLQWKHVWXG\KDYHDWRWDORI SUREOHPV,QWKH
´7UDLO'LPHQVLRQµZHPD\LGHQWLI\DWRWDORI SUREOHPVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRRI WKHWRWDOSUREOHPV5HJDUGLQJWKHW\SHRI SUREOHPV
HQFRXQWHUHGWKHUHVXOWVGLIIHUVOLJKWO\7KHYDULDEOH´2EVWDFOHVµVKRZHG
WKHJUHDWHVWQXPEHURI SUREOHPVDQGWKHQWKHYDULDEOHV´(DVH
RI LGHQWLÀFDWLRQµ DQG ´9LVLELOLW\µ ZLWK WKH VDPH YDOXH IRU )LQDOO\WKHSUREOHPVDUHDOPRVWQRQH[LVWHQWLQWKHYDULDEOH
´&URVVLQJVµ5HJDUGLQJWKHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVHQFRXQWHUHG
LWFDQEHVHHQWKDWWKHRYHUZKHOPLQJPDMRULW\LVHDV\WRVROYH
Performing an analysis to each hiking trail, we can verify the trails with
WKHJUHDWHVWQXPEHURI SUREOHPVZKLFKLQWKLVFDVHZHUHWKH35505
´0DULQKDVGR6DOµDQG35306´/DSDGRV3RFLOJ}HVµZLWKRFFXUUHQFHV
IROORZHGE\35306´&DVWHOHMRµZLWKRFFXUUHQFHV,QWKHEDFNJURXQG
WKHRWKHUWUDLOVKDYHEHWZHHQDQGRFFXUUHQFHV5HJDUGLQJWKHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVHQFRXQWHUHGWKHKLJKOLJKWLVWKH35306´(VWUDGD5RPDQDµ
DVWKHRQO\WUDLOVWXGLHGWKDWKDVUHVROXWLRQWRWKHKDUGSUREOHPOHYHO
,Q7DEOHZHFDQLGHQWLI\WKHDPRXQWDQGPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVGLDJQRVHGLQWKH´0DUNLQJ'LPHQVLRQµIRUHDFKRQHRI WKHKLN-
&$59$/+,1+2526$$1'*20(6
147
ing trails. Therefore, to evaluate this dimension, we used the following
YDULDEOHV:HDULQWKHPDUNLQJVDQGVLJQV$'DPDJHWRWKHPDUNVDQG
VLJQV%/DFNRI VLJQDJH&,QFRUUHFWVLJQDJH'&RYHUHGPDUNV
DQGVLJQV(7KHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVHQFRXQWHUHGZDVHYDOXDWHGRQDVFDOHRI HDV\SUREOHPUHVROXWLRQWRXQUHVROYHGLVVXH
Table 3: Evaluation of “Marking Dimension”
,GHQWLÀFDWLRQRI WKHKLNLQJWUDLO
Number and typology
of problems
Municipality
Identif. (initials)/name
A
B
C
D
E
1
2
3
T
Alcanena
35$&12$$OYLHOD
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
$OFREDoD
35$&%99HQWRV
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
3RUWR0yV
353066/XD
10
0
7
6
0
23
0
0
23
3RUWR0yV
35306$0HPyULD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3RUWR0yV
35306/3RFLOJ}HV
5
1
1
0
1
0
0
8
3RUWR0yV
353066%HQWR
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
3RUWR0yV
35306&DVWHOHMR
1
6
10
2
0
0
68
3RUWR0yV
35306)yUQHD
1
2
1
0
0
4
0
0
4
3RUWR0yV
35306&RUUHGRXUD
3
0
5
0
0
5
3
0
8
3RUWR0yV
353066*DOHJD
2
1
1
2
14
0
0
14
3RUWR0yV
35306(5RPDQD
2
1
0
0
4
7
0
0
7
Rio Maior
3550506DO
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
Rio Maior
35505&$OFREHUWDV
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
6DQWDUpP
35675$3HQD
1
0
2
5
1
0
0
9
Torres Novas
35719*$OPRQGD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
4
0
10
0
0
10
91RYD2XUpP 35912%&)DUWR
Magnitude of
the problems
Totals
85 11 24
27
11
155 3
0 158
%
/HJHQG$ :HDULQWKHPDUNLQJVDQGVLJQV% 'DPDJHWRWKHPDUNVDQGVLJQV& /DFNRI VLJQDJH' ,QFRUUHFW
VLJQDJH( &RYHUHGPDUNVDQGVLJQV HDV\SUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ KDUGSUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ XQUHVROYHGLVVXH
,QWKLVGLPHQVLRQZHPD\LGHQWLI\DWRWDORI LVVXHVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRRI WKHWRWDOSUREOHPVQ 7KHUHVXOWVGLIIHUVLJQLÀcantly from the previous analysis, and reveal a more negative trend, since
WKHQXPEHURI WKHSUREOHPVLGHQWLÀHGLVDERXWWLPHVKLJKHU&RQVLGHULQJWKHW\SRORJ\RI SUREOHPVWKHYDULDEOH´:HDULQWKHPDUNLQJVDQG
VLJQVµLVWKHRQHWKDWKDVWKHPRVWSUREOHPVIROORZHGE\´,QFRUUHFWVLJQDJHµDQGWKH´/DFNRI VLJQDJHµ5HJDUGLQJWKH
PDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVDOVRLQWKLVGLPHQVLRQPRVWDUHHDV\WRVROYH
,QHDFKWUDLOWKHUHLVJUHDWGLVSDULW\LQWKHHYDOXDWLRQSHUIRUPHG
7KH35306´&DVWHOHMRµSUHVHQWHGPRUHSUREOHPVQ IROORZHG
35306´6HUUDGD/XDµZLWKSUREOHPVDQGWKH35306´6HUUD
GD*DOHJDµZLWKSUREOHPV1RWHZRUWK\DUHWKH35306´$UFRGD
+,.,1*75$,/6(9$/8$7,21
0HPyULDµDQG35719´*UXWDGR$OPRQGDµZLWKQRSUREOHPV5HJDUGLQJWKHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVRQO\WKHURXWH35306´&RUUHGRXUDµSUHVHQWHGKDUGSUREOHPVUHVROXWLRQVOHYHOZLWKRFFXUUHQFHV
,Q7DEOHZHFDQIRXQGWKHTXDQWLW\DQGPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVLGHQWLÀHGLQWKH´&RQVHUYDWLRQ'LPHQVLRQµIRUHDFKRQHRI WKH
hiking trails in NPSAC. Therefore, to evaluate this dimension, we used
WKHIROORZLQJYDULDEOHV/LWWHULQWUDLOV$'DPDJHLQWKHYHJHWDWLRQ
%'UDLQDJH&:DVWHGXPSV'6HFRQGDU\WUDLOV(7KHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVHQFRXQWHUHGZDVHYDOXDWHGRQDVFDOHRI HDV\
SUREOHPUHVROXWLRQWRXQUHVROYHGLVVXH
Table 4: Evaluation of “Conservation Dimension”
,GHQWLÀFDWLRQRI WKHKLNLQJWUDLO
Number and typology of
problems
Municipality
Identif. (initials)/name
A
B
C
D
E
1
2
3
T
Alcanena
35$&12$$OYLHOD
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
$OFREDoD
35$&%99HQWRV
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
3RUWR0yV
353066/XD
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
3RUWR0yV
35306$0HPyULD
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
2
3RUWR0yV
35306/3RFLOJ}HV
1
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
4
3RUWR0yV
353066%HQWR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3RUWR0yV
35306&DVWHOHMR
1
1
13
0
1
11
5
0
16
3RUWR0yV
35306)yUQHD
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
3RUWR0yV
35306&RUUHGRXUD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3RUWR0yV
353066*DOHJD
2
1
1
0
0
4
0
0
4
3RUWR0yV
35306(5RPDQD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rio Maior
3550506DO
1
1
0
1
1
4
0
0
4
Rio Maior
35505&$OFREHUWDV
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6DQWDUpP
35675$3HQD
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Torres Novas
35719*$OPRQGD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
2
91RYD2XUpP 35912%&)DUWR
Magnitude of
the problems
Totals
11
4
17
5
2
32
7
0 39
%
/HJHQG$ /LWWHULQWUDLOV% 'DPDJHLQWKHYHJHWDWLRQ& 'UDLQDJH' :DVWHGXPSV( 6HFRQG
DU\WUDLOV HDV\SUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ KDUGSUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ XQUHVROYHGLVVXH
,QWKH´&RQVHUYDWLRQ'LPHQVLRQµZHPD\LGHQWLI\DWRWDORI SUREOHPVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRRI WKHWRWDOSUREOHPVQ 7KLV
GLPHQVLRQKDVDVPDOOHUQXPEHURI SUREOHPVLGHQWLÀHGLQFRPSDULVRQ
WRWKHSUHYLRXVGLPHQVLRQ$Q\ZD\ZHKLJKOLJKWWKHPDMRUSUREOHPV
LQ´'UDLQDJHµDQGLQ´/LWWHULQWUDLOVµ7KHUHPDLQLQJ
YDULDEOHVKDYHORZHUUHODWLYHYDOXHV EHWZHHQDQG
&$59$/+,1+2526$$1'*20(6
5HJDUGLQJWKHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVREVHUYHGWKHWUHQGRI WKH SUHYLRXV DQDO\VHV PDLQWDLQV EHFDXVH PRVW RI WKH SUREOHPV DUH
HDVLHUWRVROYH+RZHYHULWLVZRUU\LQJWKDWWKHUHLVDFRQVLGHUDEOHQXPEHURI SUREOHPVGLIÀFXOWWRVROYHQ ZKHUHE\JUHDWHU
DWWHQWLRQE\WKHUHVSHFWLYHUHVSRQVLEOHZLOOEHUHTXLUHG
5HJDUGLQJVSHFLÀFUHYLHZZHKLJKOLJKWWKH35306´&DVWHOHMRµ
DVWKHWUDLOWKDWSUHVHQWVJUHDWHUSUREOHPVLQWHUPVRI SUHVHUYDWLRQRI WKHHQYLURQPHQWEHFDXVHWKHUHLVDWRWDORI RFFXUUHQFHVZLWKDQLQGH[RI FRQVLGHUDEOHVHYHULW\VLQFHÀYHRI WKHLGHQWLÀHGSUREOHPVDUH
GLIÀFXOWWRVROYH,QWKLVFDVHWKHSUREOHPVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK´GUDLQDJHµ
VKRXOGEHWKHPDLQLVVXHWREHUHVROYHGLQWKHQHDUIXWXUH
,QWDEOHZHFDQLGHQWLI\WKHTXDQWLW\DQGPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPV
LGHQWLÀHGLQWKH´6DIHW\'LPHQVLRQµIRUHDFKRQHRI WKHKLNLQJWUDLOV
7KHUHIRUHWRHYDOXDWHWKLVGLPHQVLRQZHXVHGWKHIROORZLQJYDULDEOHV
)DOOLQJVWRQHV$)DOOLQJWUHHV%([SRVXUHWRIDOO&:LOGOLIH'
3URWHFWLRQ:RUNV(7KHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHSUREOHPVHQFRXQWHUHGZDV
HYDOXDWHGRQDVFDOHRI HDV\SUREOHPUHVROXWLRQWRXQUHVROYHGLVVXH
Table 5: Evaluation of “Safety Dimension”
,GHQWLÀFDWLRQRI WKHKLNLQJWUDLO
Number and typology
of problems
Magnitude of
the problems
Municipality
Identif. (initials) / name
A
B
C
D
E
1
2
3
T
Alcanena
35$&12$$OYLHOD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$OFREDoD
35$&%99HQWRV
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3RUWR0yV
353066/XD
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
2
3RUWR0yV
35306$0HPyULD
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
0
2
3RUWR0yV
35306/3RFLOJ}HV
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3RUWR0yV
353066%HQWR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3RUWR0yV
35306&DVWHOHMR
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
0
3
3RUWR0yV
35306)yUQHD
0
0
2
0
1
3
0
0
3
3RUWR0yV
35306&RUUHGRXUD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3RUWR0yV
353066*DOHJD
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
3RUWR0yV
35306(5RPDQD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rio Maior
3550506DO
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
Rio Maior
35505&$OFREHUWDV
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6DQWDUpP
35675$3HQD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Torres Novas
35719*$OPRQGD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
91RYD2XUpP 35912%&)DUWR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Totals
%
0
12 0
0
12
1
7
2
2
/HJHQG$ )DOOLQJVWRQHV% )DOOLQJWUHHV& ([SRVXUHWRIDOO' :LOGOLIH( 3URWHFWLRQ:RUNV
HDV\SUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ KDUGSUREOHPUHVROXWLRQ XQUHVROYHGLVVXH
150
+,.,1*75$,/6(9$/8$7,21
,QWKH´6DIHW\'LPHQVLRQµZHFDQLGHQWLI\LVVXHVLQDWRWDORI FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRRI WKHWRWDOSUREOHPVQ 7KLVGLPHQsion has the lowest frequency of issues regarding all dimensions studLHG7KHPDLQSUREOHPHQFRXQWHUHGFRQFHUQVWKH´([SRVXUHWRIDOOµ
UHOHJDWLQJWRWKHEDFNJURXQGWKHSUHVHQFHRI ´:LOGOLIHµDQG
WKH´3URWHFWLRQ:RUNVµZLWKVLPLODUÀJXUHVIRU
$VUHJDUGVWKHPDJQLWXGHRI WKHVHSUREOHPVLWLVIRXQGWKDWWKH\
DUHHQWLUHO\HDV\UHVROXWLRQ$OWKRXJKWKHUHVXOWVWDNHOLWWOHUHOHYDQFHLQWKLVGLPHQVLRQLWLGHQWLÀHVWKH35306´&DVWHOHMRµDQG
35306´)yUQHDµZLWKSUREOHPVHDFKUHODWLQJWR´([SRVXUHWR
IDOOµEXWHDVLO\UHVROYHG
DISCUSSION
7KLV VWXG\ ZDV HYDOXDWHG DFFRUGLQJ WR IRXU YDULDEOH GLPHQVLRQV
LQ SDUWLFXODU ´7UDLOµ ´0DUNLQJµ ´&RQVHUYDWLRQµ DQG ´6DIHW\µ 7KH
UHVXOWVLI FRQVLGHUHGLQDQLQWHJUDWHGPDQQHUVKRXOGHQDEOHQRWRQO\
WKHLUGLVFXVVLRQEXWDOVRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHTXDOLW\RI WKHSUDFWLFHRI hiking in NPSAC.
,QWKH´7UDLO'LPHQVLRQµFRQVLGHULQJDOOWKHWUDLOVQ DQGDOO
RI WKHSUREOHPVHQFRXQWHUHGQ WKHUHLVDPHDQRI SURElems per trail. Moreover, from the perspective of the quality of trails,
LWDSSHDUVWKDWWKHSUREOHPVDUHQRW\HWYHU\VHYHUHEHFDXVHWKHPDJQLWXGHLVORZ7KHPDLQUHVXOWVIRFXVRQWKHH[LVWHQFHRI ´2EVWDFOHVµ
HJWUHHVURFNVVRPHWKLQJWKDWFRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGQDWXUDOJLYHQ
that the practice develops in natural spaces. In this situation, it should
EHHQVXUHGWKHQHFHVVDU\PHDQVRI PDLQWHQDQFHDQGLPSURYHPHQWDV
WKHVHREVWDFOHVFDQFDXVHDFFLGHQWV1HYHV,QUHODWLRQWR¶YLVLELOLW\·DQGWR¶LGHQWLÀFDWLRQRI WKHVLJQDJH·WZRRSSRVLQJSRVVLELOLWLHVDULVHLHODFNRI PRQLWRULQJPDLQWHQDQFHDQGWKHORZVHDUFK
IRUWKHVHVSDFHV7KHVHPD\EHWKHUHDVRQVIRUWKHH[LVWHQFHRI WKHVH
facts, as the frequent use of these spaces for recreational purposes also
FRQWULEXWHWRWKHYLVLELOLW\RI WKHURXWHVWKXVSUHYHQWLQJWKHYHJHWDtion from covering areas and signs of the trails. On the other hand,
ZHPD\EHIDFLQJSUREOHPVRI DQHQYLURQPHQWDOQDWXUHHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFW,QWKLVVHQVHQRWLQJWKHREYLRXVQHHGIRUWHFKQLFDOPRQLWRULQJLWZLOOEHSRVVLEOHWRGHYHORSKLNLQJDVSDUWRI HQYLURQPHQWDO
HGXFDWLRQ5RVD&DUYDOKLQKRDWVFKRROVDQGDPRQJVWORFDO
populations in order to promote the natural and cultural values of local societies and a greater awareness of the natural resources.
)RUWKH´0DUNLQJ'LPHQVLRQµZHREWDLQHGWKHKLJKHVWDQGWKHPRVW
WURXEOLQJUHVXOWVLQDOODQDO\VLVZLWKWKHLGHQWLÀFDWLRQRI SUREOHPV
0DUNVDQGRWKHUVLJQDJHHOHPHQWVSUHVHQWLQWUDLOVDUHHDVLO\SHULVKDEOH
&$59$/+,1+2526$$1'*20(6
151
ZLWKWKHLQÁXHQFHRI ZHDWKHUVXQUDLQKXPLGLW\ZLWKWKHQDWXUDO
GHYHORSPHQWRI WKHÁRUDZLWKWKHODFNRI PDLQWHQDQFHDQGSUREDEO\
also with some vandalism. Thus, the wear on the colouring, togethHUZLWKWKHDEVHQFHDQGWKHGLIÀFXOW\LQÀQGLQJVSHFLÀFVLJQDJHDUH
FRQVHTXHQFHVRI WKHDVSHFWVSUHYLRXVO\SUHVHQWHGEXWZLWKDUHDOGLVadvantage, which is the case of the lack of effective inspection and
maintenance of the trails. Characteristics related to the marking and
LGHQWLÀFDWLRQRI UHFUHDWLRQDODUHDVDUHEDVLFDVSHFWVIRUWKHVXFFHVVIXO
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI QDWXUDOVSDFHVIRUVSRUW)&03,QFRQFUHWH
WHUPVWKHURXWH35306´&DVWHOHMRµSUHVHQWVSUREOHPVRI WKLV
QDWXUHDQGWKLVDVSHFWDORQHZLOOQHJDWLYHO\LQÁXHQFHWKHH[SHULHQFH
of any hikers that face this trail.
,QDGGUHVVLQJWKH´&RQVHUYDWLRQ'LPHQVLRQµWZRSUHYLRXVDVSHFWV
QHHGWREHFRQVLGHUHGLWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVIURPWKHXVHHQYLURQPHQWDQGPDQDJHPHQW0DULRQLLWKHDJJUHVVLRQVRQWKH
HQYLURQPHQWSHUIRUPHGE\XVHUVFRQWULEXWHWRWKHGHWHULRUDWLRQRI WKH
UHFUHDWLRQDOH[SHULHQFH'RUZDUW0RRUH/HXQJ.\OH*UDHIH
0DQQLQJ%DFRQ,QWKLVFDVHWKHJOREDOUHVXOWVWKDWZHUHREWDLQHGGRQRWVHHPYHU\SUREOHPDWLFVLQFHDOPRVWDOOWKHVWXGLHG+7
KDYHEHWZHHQDQGSUREOHPVH[FHSWIRU35306´&DVWHOHMRµ
ZKLFKUHYHDOVDKLJKOHYHORI LQFLGHQWVQ $VDWHQGHQF\LQDSSURSULDWHDFWLRQVRI XVHUVFDQEHDPDMRUFDXVHRI HQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFW+RZHYHUYDULDEOHVGLUHFWO\UHODWHGWRWKHVHVXFKDV¶'DPDJHWR
vegetation’, ‘Waste dumps’ and ‘Side trails’, present values of relatively
ORZIUHTXHQF\H[FHSWIRUWKHYDULDEOH¶/LWWHULQWKHWUDLOV·Q ,QWHUHVWLQJO\WKHKLJKHVWYDOXHRFFXUVDW¶'UDLQDJH·Q WKLVEHLQJ
UHODWHGWRVRLOGHWHULRUDWLRQ)XUWKHUPRUHWKLVW\SHRI SUREOHPFDQ
DULVHIURPHQYLURQPHQWDOLQÁXHQFHVHJSHULRGVRI YHU\KHDY\UDLQIDOO
LQVHQVLWLYHVRLOVDQGIURPWKHGLUHFWXVHRI WKHSUDFWLFHRI KLNLQJRU
HYHQRWKHUDFWLYLWLHVOLNHPRXQWDLQELNLQJRUWKHXVHRI PRWRUYHKLFOHV
,QWKLVFDVHZHGRQRWFRQVLGHUWKDWSUREOHPVUHVXOWIURPWKHODFNRI PDLQWHQDQFHEXWUDWKHUIURPWKHQHHGWRLQFOXGHPRUHDSSURSULDWH
DQGPRUHUHVSRQVLEOHPHDVXUHVIURPWKHPDQDJHPHQW$UHDVVHVVPHQW
RI WKHFDUU\LQJFDSDFLW\DQGDQLQFUHDVHGPRQLWRULQJRI VSDFHPD\EH
VRPH SRVVLEOH VROXWLRQV IRU VROYLQJ WKH SUREOHPV GHULYHG IURP WKH
XVH,I ZHFRQVLGHUHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUVDVVRXUFHVRI WKHSUREOHPV
WKHUHPD\EHDQHHGWRVWUHQJWKHQFHUWDLQDUHDVRI WKHWUDLOVHJIRRWEULGJHVRURSWIRUQHZWUDLOVWKDWSDVVWKURXJKWRXJKHUDUHDV5HJXODU
FOHDQLQJRI WKHVHDUHDVLVDOVRHVVHQWLDOIRUDTXDOLW\UHFUHDWLRQDOH[SHULHQFHDVWKHH[LVWHQFHRI WUDVKDQGGHEULVDUHWZRRI WKHPRVWHDVLO\
SHUFHLYHGIDFWRUVE\WKHXVHUVRI QDWXUDOVSDFHVIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQW
RI WKHLUUHFUHDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHV'RUZDUWHWDO+DUGLPDQ%XUJLQ:KLWH9LUGHQYDQ5LSHU
152
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where most cases were found and with more severity. It is in this scope
that regular and effective monitoring of the trails — especially those
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Finally, we should also consider that the management of such a
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the near future. In this perspective, not only are natural resources to
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CONCLUSIONS
This study sought to assess the totality of 16 hiking trails marked
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more severe. The ‘Damage to the marks and signs’ of the trails is the
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in terms of maintenance and future action, despite having a reduced
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the conservation of the environment.
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local spaces. Finally, it is recommended that the various entities, stakeholders and the general population consider the results of this work, so
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