Response of three clamworm populations to weather and
Transcrição
Response of three clamworm populations to weather and
BIOASSAYS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE AQUATIC IMPACT OF IONIC LIQUIDS Susana Patrícia Fontes da Costa1, Paula Cristina de Azevedo Gomes Pinto1, Maria Lúcia Marques Ferreira de Sousa Saraiva1, Fábio Rodrigo Piovezani Rocha2, Joyce Ribeiro de Paula Santos2, Regina Teresa Rosim Monteiro2 1 LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal 2 Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Caixa Postal 96, Brazil Ionic liquids (ILs) raised interest as potential alternative to conventional organic solvents by its initial labeling of “green solvents”. The noteworthy characteristics of these neoteric solvents led to remarkable increase in their application in analytical procedures in academia and industry, such as extraction, catalysis, electrochemistry and chromatography. Despite the ILs present low risk of atmospheric pollution, the assumption of low environmental impact of these compounds has been questioned by some authors. Water contamination, e.g. should be considered, since they present some solubility in water. Therefore it is essential the toxicological study of these compounds before their release to the environment, avoiding unknown long-term consequences. Thus, in this work we intended to evaluate the (eco)toxicity of some ILs to three different freshwater organisms and compare with two organic solvents. The bioassays were performed by exposing the organisms to increasing concentrations of ILs and observation of Daphnia magna immobilization, Raphidocelis subcapitata growth inhibition, and morphological effects, or mortality in Hydra attenuata. The results demonstrate that the tested organisms are not equally susceptible to ILs, e.g. bmpyr [BF4] was the least toxic compound for R. subcapitata, N1,1 [N1,1,1OOH] for D. magna and emim [Tf2N] for H. attenuata, what highlights the importance of applying a battery of assays in toxicological analysis. Additionally, H. attenuata proved to be the most tolerant specie to the tested ILs. ILs revealed to be more harmful to aquatic system than the organic solvents tested, reaffirming the need to analyze carefully the (eco)toxicological impact of these compounds. Keywords: Ionic liquid, conventional organic solvents, toxicity.