Evaluando la comunicación de la ciencia. Una perspectiva

Transcrição

Evaluando la comunicación
de la ciencia. Una perspectiva
latinoamericana
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CRÉDITOS
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Comunicación de la ciencia: ¿quiénes son los principales actores? @e^l\cfi\ JZ_\le\dXee [\ JflqX%
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Presentación
Programa
Carta de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
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Evaluando la comunicación de la ciencia. Una perspectiva latinoamericana. :Xid\e J}eZ_\q$DfiX p
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Propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de políticas públicas y actividades en comunicación pública de
la ciencia y la tecnología. El caso colombiano. JXe[iX;XqX
J<::@äE;FJ1<mXclXZè[\dlj\fj#Z\ekifj[\Z`\eZ`Xj#gXihl\jpqffc^`Zfj
La evaluación en museos y centros de ciencias.:Xid\eJ}eZ_\q$DfiX
Avaliando as práticas educacionais em um museu de ciências: O Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São
Paulo e sua relação com as escolas.ClZ`XeX:feiX[fDXikèjpDXik_XDXiXe[èf
Conversas de aprendizagem na “oficina de classificação de animais”: um estudo no Museu de Zoologia-USP.
ClZ`XeXDX^Xc_\jDfeXZf#DXi`XGXlcX:fii\`X[\JflqX#DXik_XDXiXe[èf#ClXeXDXi`X[\
C`dX#D}iZ`X=%C%=iXefjf#:i`jkèX9Xif#Dì`Xe;Xm`[DXihl\j#J`cm`XC%=%Ki`m\cXkf
Zoológicos: Que mensagem estamos passando?M`m`Xe\8gXi\Z`[XIXZ_`[>XiZ`XpDXik_XDXiXe[èf
Las demostraciones breves de ciencia. Una alternativa de divulgación en el museo Universum: sus
experiencias y su evaluación.DX%?fik\ej`X>XiZXM`^`cpCljD\qX8iZfj
Parques da ciência universitários: a importância das agências de fomento e do suporte institucional.
:i`jk`XeX[\=iXeX:_`XiX[`X
J<::@äEKI<J1<mXclXZè[\d\[`fjdXj`mfjpel\mXjk\Zefcf^Xj
Cuando la ciencia es noticia: Una evaluación de la sección de ciencia en nueve países de América Latina.
Cl`jXDXjjXiXe`p9ilef9lpj
La evaluación de las actividades de divulgación en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México.GXki`Z`XDX^XXIl\[X
Las nuevas tecnologías y la comunicación de la ciencia: su evaluación.Alc`XKX^\XGXi^XpIfY\ikf
Li`Y\
J<::@äE:L8KIF1<mXclXZè[\cXjXZk`m`[X[\jZ`\ekÔZXjè]Xek`c\jpalm\e`c\j
El estado de la evaluación de las actividades científicas infantiles y juveniles.De`ZXCfqXef
Evaluación de las estrategias de comunicación pública de la ciencia en Colombia. El caso de los programas
de educación no formal.Ýe^\cXI`m\iXM%
Impacto social de los proyectos de ciencia y tecnología presentados en ferias de ciencia y tecnología juvenil.
Aportes de los proyectos en su comunidad de origen.DXiX:i`jkèXÝcmXi\q
J<::@äE:@E:F1<mXclXZè[\cfjgifZ\jfj[\]fidXZè[\Zfdle`ZX[fi\j[\cXZ`\eZ`X
La comunicación de la ciencia y la evaluación de programas para formar comunicadores.<cXè\I\pefjf
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PRESENTACIÓN
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Comunicación de la
ciencia: ¿quiénes son los
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se afirma “la supremacía del derecho a la información” pero dejando en la sombra su relación constitutiva con
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receptores sino también como productores. El reconocimiento de esos nuevos derechos tiene en la base el valor
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Explícita
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<ELE:@8:@äE
¿Qué tipo de contrato social se
establece sobre la ciencia?
¿Qué tipo de paradigmas es el
que asumen estas políticas?
¿Qué actores se contemplan?
¿Cómo se incluye la
participación en estas
políticas?
¿Qué papel se asigna a estos
temas y cómo se articula con el
conjunto de la política?
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De las metas propuestas vs los
resultados obtenidos
De los objetivos frente a las
estrategias adoptadas
De los recursos y la continuidad
de las acciones
Productores- públicos
Mensaje
Medios
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-/
ED: Por que ? Vocês notaram que não tem lata de lixo? Não pode. Nenhum museu a gente pode comer. FC
TMF e I
ED: FC ...tem mais ou menos 100 mil pessoas visitando esse museu por ano. Imagina se cada uma bota o dedinho
melado na parede?! Não é só chatice, entendeu? Por isso é que a gente fala dessas coisas...da classificação dos
animais. É o que vocês vão fazer. Só que vocês não vão fazer com bichos de verdade, naturalmente, ta? Vão fazer com
bichos de plástico. Eu não vou falar quase nada pra vocês. Eu vou deixar vocês se virarem. Tem esse saco de bichos
aqui, ó. Tem tudo quanto é bicho.
ED: Tudo. Eu aposto...Eu acho que vocês já conhecem todos, praticamente. Tem uns meio esquisitos, certo?! Que
nem eu sei muito bem o que é, aí vocês podem...fazer, imaginar, inventar um nome pra eles, ta?! Vocês vão pegar
cada grupinho assim de uns 5, 6 tá. Pode se espalhar mais ou menos por aqui. A Maria Paula vai filmar essa oficina,
porque estamos fazendo um trabalho para ver como é que os alunos fazem essa oficina. Então, vocês não precisam
se preocupar com fotografia, com filmagem, com nada, ta? É um trabalho nosso aqui. Ela vai filmar, ela vai ficar
num grupo, vai filmar, vai conversar com as pessoas do grupo, mas vocês não precisam se preocupar com nada!
Vocês falem, vocês fiquem à vontade.
Ki\Z_f)fÔZèX)
MON:... por algum motivo, ou porque já morreram, ou porque é doado, ta? E o que que acontece, as pessoas aqui
do museu, que trabalham, cientistas, eles recolhem esses animais e eles têm que separar de algum jeito, então
não pode colocar por exemplo um tipo de animal com outro tipo, eles têm que fazer uma separação, certo? Porque
vêm tudo misturado, né? Vêm um monte de animal e o que eles têm que fazer? Separar. Separar como? Aqui a
gente separa em famílias, em tipos de animais, então é, em aves, é, é, animais que mamam, né? (nesse momento
os alunos falavam juntos aves, mamíferos etc) os mamíferos, ou por ambiente, como vocês estão vendo aqui, não
é ? ali o ambiente floresta amazônica, aqui é outro ambiente, cerrado (fala mostrando os ambientes) ali é outro,
ali é outro, tá? Então é isso que eles fazem aqui, o que vocês vão fazer? Fazer a mesma coisa, só que os bichos de
plástico... (vira e pega um plástico cheio de bichos e mostra) ...aqui (nesse momento os alunos falam em conjunto:
Que legal!!!) ...tá tudo misturado, tem um monte de bichinho aqui, de todos os tipos, né? O que que eu quero que
vocês façam: vocês vão se separar em grupos, ta? (os alunos começam a se levantar e separar em grupos), Ãhan, e
vocês vão fazer o que? Vão separar, ta? Como? De que jeito? Do jeito que vocês quiserem. Vocês podem separar por
família, por tamanho, por ambiente, se nada se não nada, se é aquático, se não é, tá? Se tem perna, se não tem,
do jeito que vocês quiserem, tá? Entenderam?
ALUNO: É individual? conversa estratégica
MON: Não em grupo como eu falei.
Começam a escolher os grupos.
MON: Pessoal, pessoal, depois vocês vão anotar, por exemplo eu quero separar em animal aquático, animal
terrestre, aí vocês colocam, animal... é peixe, né? Aí vai colocando todo mundo que é aquático, aí terrestre, leão,
porco, ta? Vocês separem e anotem do jeito que vocês quiserem, ok? (fala mostrando a prancheta em que os alunos
farão as anotações)
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Ki\Z_f(fÔZèX( Nesse momento, eles acabaram de começar a atividade:
ED: você rasgou!!! (aqui acaba de rasgar o saco plástico de bichos)
AL1: mas não dava pra tirar... Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
ED: dá sim. É só ter um pouco de paciência. Mas você já rasgou....
Al2: a gente devia perguntar primeiro, né?! Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: cê perguntou pro...I Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
I: (....)
FNI: faz sinal pra ela (acena para a câmera). Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: ó, separa em marítimo, óó. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX(está nomeando o grupo “marítimo”)
AL3: que que eu falei..?? Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: marítimo, terrestre, réptil... Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL4: deixa separado! Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
FNI: voadores, marítimos Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL5: não, põe marítimos. Põe marítimos. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL5: são dois marítimos. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: não!! Põe réptil, anfíbio... Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: é da hora, meu! Zfem\ijXX]\k`mX
TMF: %%%%
.'
AL1: os marítimos ficam comigo. O arélio, o arélio....ai!!! (aqui troca a palavra aéreo por arélio sem intenção
Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL5: Aqui fica o ar. Aqui Lucas, fica o ar. Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: É aqui fica o ar. Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: o ar. Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
GH1X`^\ek\efk\jZlkXe[feX[X%%%
Ki\Z_f)fÔZèX(
Já é fase final do Episódio 2, antes deles começarem a registrar a separação já feita.
AL1: aquático Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: esse aqui é o quê mesmo?Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: deixa eu ver....Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
FNI: é aquáticoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL4: aquáticoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: aquáticoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
TMF: terrestreZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
TerrestreZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
TerrestreZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: barata, nãoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL5: terrestre, né?Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: não, mas...Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: não. isso aqui é anfíbio.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: esse aquiZfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL5: é você fica com os voadores Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: o leão marinho Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: “ Zeilor”, isso aqui é um leão marinho ou foca?Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: foca Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
Zeilor: I...tem barba?
FNI: focaZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
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.(
Gráfico 2. Número total de conversas de aprendizagem
/''
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Ki\Z_f(%fÔZèX(
Nesse momento, surge uma dúvida, há uma discussão sobre qual seria o animal e qual a categoria que ele deveria
ocupar. Há nitidamente uma discordância de opinião entre o grupo e os pesquisadores que estão filmando o grupo,
sobre qual seria o animal em questão.
AL2: isso é tatu, acho. É tatu? Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: galinha Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
FNI: veado, porco Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
PQ: parece um quati
AL2: quati (repetem o que a PQ fala) Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
Al5: quati Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: quati Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
PQ-PROF-MON (?):parece um quati
AL4: I
Al1: qui que é isso aqui? Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: cavalo Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: isso aqui...isso aqui é o que, tia? Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
PQ-MON: isso não é uma moréia?
AL1: é enguia, não é ? Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
Al5: é enguia Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
MON: uma moréia
PQ: uma moréia Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1, AL5, AL2: é enguia! Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: é enguia Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL5: é marítimo! Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
MON: é, a moréia tem uma outra....
AL3: é uma enguia! É enguia Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
FNI: é um veado Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
MON: não é um bode. É um bode
AL4: eu falei que era um bode. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: bode expiatório! Zfem\ijXX]\k`mX
.*
Ki\Z_f)%fÔZèX+
AL2: Louva Deus. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2:Louva Deus. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: I.
AL2: Deus. Zfem\ijXX]\k`mX
AL2: DEUS (levanta os braços para o alto) Zfem\ijXX]\k`mX
AL3: louva a DEUS (Levanta os braços para o alto) entendeu? Zfem\ijXX]\k`mX\Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: louva a?Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: não. louva Deus só.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: grilo. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: pra mim isso não é aracnídeo, nem isso, nem isso, é tudo inseto. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: Isso pra mim é uma abelha. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: Abelha.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: I
AL2: isso daqui pra mim é... um furão! Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: é o que? Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL4: I
AL2: libélula. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: lembra quando a gente viu inseto naquela coisinha? Tinha barata, tinha isso, tinha tudo menos a aranha.
Zfem\ijXZfe\Zk`mX
AL2: barata. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: barata.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: I
AL2: não é. Barata não é aracnídeo, é inseto. Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: barata é inseto! Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: barata.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2 : agora os aracnídeos.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: não, isso daqui é inseto. É inseto. Centopéia.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZXZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL1: isso é uma lagarta.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: lagarta.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: pra mim isso é uma centopéia.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
Ki\Z_f*%fÔZèX+
.+
AL3: pra mim isso é uma centopéia.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL5: I.
AL2: I.
AL1: la – gar - ta.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2 : lar - ga - ta.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: lar - gar - ta.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: la - gar. Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: lar - ga - ta.
AL3: la! não tem r depois do la, gar, ta.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: la - gar - ta.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: gar.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: formiga é aracnídeo.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: não é.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: tá bom. Aracnídeo: aranha.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL5: I.
AL3: eu não sei que bicho é esse.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: bicho de pau, não é? (pergunta para AL3) Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: aranha. Aracnídeo: aranha. (para AL1)Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: não é um grilo?Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: vai. Aranha. Aracnídeos: aranha.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: Ah, agora esses são os mais fáceis.Zfem\ijXX]\k`mX\Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL5: pingüim. Coloca ele na classe das aves. Aves: pingüim Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: não, mas deixa ela fazer aracnídeos.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: I.
AL2: aracnídeos...Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: eu já pus aranha aqui...Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: ah sua burra, aranha é aracnídeo.Zfem\ijXX]\k`mX\Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: põe entre parênteses: aracnídeo. Só.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: vai.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL3: põe, entre parênteses.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: muito bem. Agora aves: pingüim.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL1: I.
AL2: aves. Pingüim é entre parênteses.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: mamíferos.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL5: I.
AL2: I.
AL4: I (...) só aves.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: agora vem os mamíferos.Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: será que tudo isso é mamífero, esse daqui (...)I.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL4: I.
.,
AL3: pra mim esse daqui (...) I mas tudo bem.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX\Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL2: I.
AL5: I.
AL3: o mamífero é o que dá leite! Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL5: alce.Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: I.
AL3: ele dá. (fazendo referência ao animal que está segurando).Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL5: alce.
AL1: não é isso. Mas tem aquele lá ... o... I (...) ele bota ovo mas é um mamíferoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX\Zfem\ijX
ZfeZ\`klXc
Ki\Z_f+%fÔZèX)
Profª: ah! E não tem nenhum animal que é inseto e é venenoso?
FNI: sim Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
FNI: temZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL2: tem a cobra (pega o bicho mostrando à profª)Zfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: aranha não é Zfem\ijXZfeZ\`klXc
Profª: cobra é um inseto?
AL1: nãoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
FNI: nãoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
AL3: aranha não é inseto Zfem\ijXZfeZ\`klXc
Profª: cobra é o que
AL2: venenosoZfem\ijXg\iZ\gk`mX
Profª: Ela é venenosa, mas ela é o que?
FNI: réptilZfem\ijXZfeZ\`klXc
Profª: ta bom! Podemos ir, fizeram o registro? Podemos ir embora?
AL3: ainda nãoZfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
AL4: ainda não, ta faltando tudo isso daqui (aponta para os animais não registrados)Zfem\ijX\jkiXk^`ZX
Profª: ta na hora se não...
FNI: ai carambaZfem\ijXX]\k`mX
.-
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Conversa de aprendizagem
(Tipos)
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Pesquisa atual
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(Garcia, 2006)
(%)
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San Francisco (Allen, 2002)
(%)
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CARRITOS
TEMÁTICA
DEMOSTRACIONES
Actividades
con elaboración de
producto
Actividades
sin elaboración de producto
UBICACIÓN
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Electricidad y
Magnetismo
¿Cómo hacer una brújula?
Esferas de unicel
Globos, confeti e imanes
Motor y bocina
Sala de Energía
)
Luz
Traumátropo (ilusión
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Cámara obscura
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Espejos y espectros de luz
Patio principal
*
Sonido
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Regla zumbadora
Diapasones
Varilla
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Patio principal
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(''
TEMA
PARTICIPANTES
ENTREVISTADOS
Electricidad y magnetismo
759
83
Luz
482
54
Sonido
Movimiento
337
47
671
92
2249
276
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DIMENSIÓN
CATEGORÍAS
% ENTREVISTADOS
Conocimientos
1. Reafirmó conocimiento
2. Adquirió el conocimiento
3. Aclaró conocimiento que tenía confuso
4. Recordó algo que ya sabía
46%
24%
17%
13%
Satisfacción
1. Gustó por creativo y divertido
2. Fue interesante
3. No gustó
79%
16%
5%
Actitud
1. Experiencia totalmente positiva
2. Experiencia positiva
3. Experiencia negativa
87%
8%
5%
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SECCIÓN 3
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Cuando la ciencia es noticia:
una evaluación de la sección de ciencia
en nueve países de América Latina
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Diario
Tirada de la publicación por
día (en millares)
Población
(en millones)
Razón
población/
tirada
País
El Nuevo Día
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\ced\ifd}jîXe[\[\k\okfjglYc`ZX[fj\e\cg\i`f[fÆEl Nuevo Día#[\Gl\ikfI`Zf#pLa Nación[\
:fjkX I`ZXÆ jfe gifm\e`\ek\j [\ gXj\j hl\ k`\e\e le j`jk\dX [\ Z`\eZ`X p k\Zefcf^X d}j ]i}^`c \e
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Número de textos
El Nuevo Día / Puerto Rico
(()
La Nación / Costa Rica
('0
Folha de São Paulo / Brasil
('-
Reforma / México
0/
La Nación / Argentina
0*
Clarín / Argentina
/0
O Globo / Brasil
//
La Jornada / México
/)
El Comercio / Ecuador
-+
El Mercurio / Chile
,0
El Tiempo / Colombia
*/
El Nacional / Venezuela
*,
TOTAL
969
:Xdgfj[\cZfefZ`d`\ekf
:cXiXd\ek\#cfj[`Xi`fjXeXc`qX[fjZfej`[\iXeleXm`jèXdgc`X[\Z`\eZ`XpleXmXi`XZèZfej`[\iXYc\
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\e\cZXjf[\La Nación[\8i^\ekèX%M\iKXYcX*\ecXj`^l`\ek\g}^èX %
;\_\Z_f#\c[`Xi`fXi^\ekèfZcXiXd\ek\mXcfi`qXcXgi\j\eZ`X[\k\dXj[\d\[`ZèX#èZcljfefdYiXe[f
cX j\ZZè È:`\eZ`X p JXcl[É% J`klXZè j`d`cXi \j fYj\imX[X \e El Nacional# Zfe cX j\ZZè È:`\eZ`X p
Y`\e\jkXiÉpcfjk\dXj[\d\[`ZèXjfei\jgfejXYc\j[\c+)#0[\cfjk\okfj\e\cg\i`f[fXeXc`qX[f%
KXdYè\cLa Nación[\:fjkXI`ZXp\cClarínfYj\imXdfjmXcfi\jXckfjgXiXk\dXj[\d\[`ZèX#j\^l`[fj
gfiLa Jornadap O Globo#ZfemXcfi\j[\i\jg\Zk`mXd\ek\\c++#+'#+#*'#,p)0#,%Jè\dYXi^f#ZèZf
[`Xi`fjgi\j\ekXeleXgi\j\eZ`Xd}jYXaX[\d\[`ZèX\ejljk\okfj#ZfemXcfi\jd}jg\hl\fjhl\\c
)'[\cfjk\okfji\cXZ`feX[fjXck\dXEl Tiempo#Reforma#Folha de São Paulo#El MercuriopEl Nuevo Día %
<e\cZXjf[\cXjZ`\eZ`XjY`fc^`ZXj#cfjmXcfi\jjfedXjgio`dfjj`ZfdgXiXdfjcfj[`jkèkfj[`Xi`fj#[\
Xci\[\[fi[\c)'#X\oZ\gZè[\El Tiempo#Zfe\c('#,[\jljk\okfji\cXZ`feX[fjX\jk\}i\X%<e\c
((0
KXYcX*%;`jki`YlZè[\cfjk\okfj[\XZl\i[fZfecfjZXdgfjXZX[d`Zfj
Ciencias
exactas
Ciencias de la
tierra
Ciencias
biológicas
Ciencias
ambientales
Medicina
Ciencias
sociales
CyT
Clarín
15,7
2,2
19,1
15,7
40,4
4,5
2,2
El Comercio
26,6
1,6
17,2
12,5
23,4
9,4
9,4
El Nacional
11,4
2,9
22,9
5,7
42,9
5,7
8,6
El Nuevo Día
39,3
3,6
19,6
8,0
18,8
7,1
3,6
Folha de São Paulo
29,2
0,9
24,5
16,0
13,2
15,1
0,9
O Globo
22,7
2,3
26,1
8,0
29,5
10,2
1,1
La Jornada
22,0
2,4
22,0
15,9
30,5
4,9
2,4
La Nación/Argentina
11,8
3,2
18,3
2,2
57,0
6,5
1,1
El Mercurio
25,4
3,4
20,3
15,3
16,9
11,9
6,8
La Nación/Costa Rica
14,7
0,9
17,4
9,2
44,0
12,8
0,9
Reforma
33,7
2,0
23,5
8,2
18,4
6,1
8,2
El Tiempo
42,1
2,6
10,5
5,3
15,8
21,1
2,6
FYj\imXZè(1:`\eZ`Xj\oXZkXjèZclp\e]j`ZX#XjkifefdX#Z`\eZ`Xj\jgXZ`Xc\j#hld`ZXjpdXk\d}k`ZX
FYj\imXZè)1:pK\hl`mXc\eXk\dXj^\e\iXc\j[\Z`\eZ`Xpk\Zefcf^X
ZXjf[\c}i\X[\\oXZkXj#cfjmXcfi\jjfedlp[`jkèkfj#[\j[\\c((#+\eEl Nacional_XjkX\c+)#(\eEl Tiempo%(
<e\cZXjf[\cXjZ`\eZ`XjXdY`\ekXc\j#cfjmXcfi\jmXiXe[\j[\\c(-Folha de São Paulo _XjkX\c)#)La
Nación[\8i^\ekèX %CXmXi`XZè\e\cZXjf[\cXjZ`\eZ`XjjfZ`Xc\j\j[\j[\\c+%,[\Clarín_XjkX\c)(#(
[\El Tiempo%JfeYXaXjcXjmXi`XZ`fe\j\e\cZXjf[\k\dXjXdgc`fj[\Z`\eZ`Xpk\Zefcf^X:pK 1\cmXcfid}j
YXaf`[\ek`ÔZX[f\j[\c'#0Folha de São PaulopLa Nación&:fjkXI`ZX _XjkX\c0#+El Comercio %
CXmXi`XZè[\cfjZXdgfj[\cZfefZ`d`\ekf\eXc^lefjZXjfj\jlei\Õ\af[\cXfi`\ekXZè^\e\iXc
[\cfjg\i`[`ZfjZfei\jg\ZkfXhl[\Y\j\iglYc`ZX[f\ecXj\ZZè[\Z`\eZ`X%G\ifkXdYègl\[\
\m`[\eZ`XicXZfdgi\ejè[\ck\dXgfigXik\[\cfj\[`kfi\j#fY`\ecfhl\\ccfjg`\ejXegl\[\j\i
d}jXkiXZk`mfgXiX\cgYc`Zf%8[\d}j[\cX[\Z`jè\[`kfi`Xc[\kiX\ik\dXj[\jXcl[gXiXcXj\ZZè
[\Z`\eZ`X\eEl Nacionalp\eLa Nación[\8i^\ekèX#kXdYèfYj\imXdfjhl\El MercuriopEl Comercio
[\Z`[`\ife efdYiXi cX j\ZZè [\[`ZX[X X k\dXj Z`\ekÔZfj ÈZ`\eZ`X p k\Zefcf^XÉ \j \c ZXjf [\ El
TiempopEl Nuevo Día %<ccf\ogc`ZXcfjXckfjgfiZ\ekXa\j\eZfekiX[fj\eXdYfjg\i`[`Zfj[\XikZlcfj
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+'\eZlXkif[\cfj[fZ\g\i`[`ZfjXeXc`qX[fjFolha de São Paulo#La Nación[\8i^\ekèX#El Nacionalp
El Mercurio[\:_`c\ p\eki\cfj*'pcfj+'\eZlXkifglYc`ZXZ`fe\jClarín#El Comercio#La JornadapLa
Nación[\:fjkXI`ZX %Cfjg\i`[`Zfj[\8i^\ekèX\jk}e\eki\cfjhl\k`\e\eZfY\ikliXg\i`f[jk`ZXd}j
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[\Xhl\cgXj%Folha de São PaulokXdYè]fidXgXik\[\\j\îlgf#g\ifcXdXpfigXik\[\cfjk\okfjjcf
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gfiZ\ekXa\ji\cXZ`feX[fjXfkifjgXj\j[\8di`ZXCXkèXjfeYXafjÆ[\j[\(#)La Jornada _XjkXle
-#,La Nación[\8i^\ekèX %KXdYèjfeg\hl\fjcfjgfiZ\ekXa\ji\cXZ`feX[fjXcXZ`\eZ`X\efkifj
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Nacional
Otros países
Países
América Latina en
desarrollo desarrollados
Carácter
mundial
No aplicable
Clarín
38,2
5,6
2,2
44,9
6,7
2,2
El Comercio
32,8
4,7
3,1
54,7
3,1
1,6
El Nacional
42,9
5,7
2,9
42,9
2,9
2,9
El Nuevo Día
21,4
2,7
2,7
67,0
5,4
0,9
Folha de São Paulo
44,3
3,8
2,8
40,6
4,7
3,8
O Globo
26,1
4,5
5,7
52,3
11,4
0,0
La Jornada
34,1
1,2
2,4
46,3
13,4
2,4
41,9
6,5
1,1
40,9
7,5
2,2
El Mercurio
44,1
1,7
1,7
49,2
3,4
0,0
35,8
5,5
7,3
41,3
7,3
2,8
Reforma
26,5
3,1
3,1
58,2
8,2
1,0
El Tiempo
7,9
5,3
2,6
63,2
13,2
7,9
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\cZfealekf[\k\okfj[\le[`Xi`f%Jè\dYXi^f#\j`dgfikXek\fYj\imXileXc`d`kXZè`dgfikXek\[\
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leXjldX`^lXcXZ\if#[\]fidXj`d`cXiXle[`Xi`fhl\glYc`ZXkf[fjjljk\okfj[\]fidXÊe\lkiXË#\j
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KXYcX,%Kfef[\cXikZlcf
Suma
Clarín
-1
El Comercio
-1
El Nacional
2
El Nuevo Día
2
Folha de São Paulo
1
O Globo
0
La Jornada
-2
3
El Mercurio
1
-1
Reforma
3
El Tiempo
3
;\XZl\i[fZfecfj[Xkfj[\cXKXYcX,#\ce`Zf[`Xi`fhl\gi\j\ekleXjldX`^lXcXZ\if]l\O Globo#
j`\e[fhl\kXdYèfkifjZèZf\ogi\jXiXemXcfi\jZ\iZX[\\jk\mXcfiClarín#El Comercio#Folha de São
Paulo#El MercuriopLa Nación[\:fjkXI`ZX %La Jornada]l\\c[`Xi`fhl\fYklmf\cmXcfid}jYXaf$) \eki\kf[fjcfjg\i`[`ZfjXeXc`qX[fj#d`\ekiXjLa Nación[\8i^\ekèX#ReformapEl Tiempo]l\iXecfj
hl\ fYklm`\iXe \c mXcfi d}j Xckf \e el\jkif \jkl[`f * % Cfj [Xkfj kXdYè dl\jkiXe hl\ cfj [`Xi`fj
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9\e\ÔZ`fjpi`\j^fj[\cXZ`\eZ`X
8lehl\j\fYj\im\c\hl`c`Yi`f\e\ckfef[\cfji\gfikXa\j#Zfdfj\dl\jkiXXZfekèlXZè#kXdYè
\jklmfZcXifhl\_Xpgi\j\eZ`X[\leXi\]\i\eZ`X\ogcZ`kXXcfjY\e\ÔZ`fj[\cXZ`\eZ`X\ekf[fjcfj
g\i`[`ZfjXeXc`qX[fjKXYcX- %<cZXjfd}j[`jkè^l`Yc\\j\c[\El Nacional#\e\cZlXc-/#-[\cfjk\okfj
KXYcX-%Gi\j\eZ`X[\Y\e\]`Z`fj[\cXZ`\eZ`X
Beneficios
())
Clarín
46,1
El Comercio
32,8
El Nacional
68,6
El Nuevo Día
48,2
Folha de São Paulo
38,7
O Globo
43,2
La Jornada
39,0
55,9
El Mercurio
54,2
45,0
Reforma
42,9
El Tiempo
44,7
jlYiXpXecfjY\e\ÔZ`fj[\cXZ`\eZ`X%<cgfiZ\ekXa\d}jYXafj\\eZfeki\eEl Comercio*)#/ %
GfifkifcX[f#Zfdfgf[\dfjm\i\ecXKXYcX.cXgi\j\eZ`XdlpYXaX[\i\]\i\eZ`XXcfji`\j^fj[\cXZ`\eZ`X
Æ\ekf[fjZXjfj[\d\efj[\c0[\cfjk\okfjpcc\^Xe[fXci\[\[fi[\c)\eReformapEl Tiempo%
KXYcX.%Gi\j\eZ`X[\i`\j^fj[\cXZ`\eZ`X
Clarín
6,7
El Comercio
4,7
El Nacional
8,6
El Nuevo Día
4,5
Folha de São Paulo
5,7
O Globo
8,0
La Jornada
6,1
6,5
El Mercurio
5,1
4,6
Reforma
2,0
El Tiempo
2,6
=l\ek\j[\è]fidXZè
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j\ê cfj îlgfj hl\ j`^l\e1 g\i`f[`jkX2 Z`\ekÔZf2 X^\eZ`X efk`Z`fjX2 g\ijfeX c\^X% FkiXj fgZ`fe\j
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efk`Z`fjXjZfdf]l\ek\jgi`dXi`Xj[\cXjefk`Z`Xj1[\j[\le+#.Folha de São Paulo _XjkX\c.(#0El
Comercio %<eZlXkif[\cfjg\i`[`Zfj#\jX\jcXgièZ`gXc]l\ek\[\XlkfiXEl Comercio#El Nuevo Día#La
JornadapEl Tiempo %<eLa Nación[\:fjkXI`ZX#cXjX^\eZ`Xjefk`Z`fjXjk`\e\e`dgfikXeZ`Xj`d`cXiXcX[\
cfjg\i`f[`jkXji\jg\ZkfXZl\jk`fe\j[\XlkfiX%FYj\imXdfj\eO GloboXikZlcfjZfdgiX[fj[\fkifj
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KXYcX/%K`gfj[\Xlkfi\j
Periodista
Científico
Redacción
Agencia
noticiosa
Sin firma
Otros
Clarín
34,8
2,2
3,4
32,6
21,3
5,6
El Comercio
1,6
0,0
7,8
71,9
17,2
1,6
El Nacional
40,0
8,6
0,0
8,6
25,7
17,1
El Nuevo Día
17,0
0,0
3,6
66,1
13,4
0,0
Folha de São Paulo
69,8
13,2
5,7
4,7
3,8
2,8
O Globo
26,1
2,3
13,6
10,2
40,9
6,8
La Jornada
17,1
2,4
0,0
57,3
20,7
2,4
48,4
2,2
0,0
26,9
19,4
3,2
El Mercurio
54,2
0,0
0,0
27,1
13,6
5,1
42,2
0,9
0,0
43,1
11,0
2,8
Reforma
39,8
2,0
9,2
28,6
18,4
2,0
El Tiempo
13,2
0,0
0,0
68,4
15,8
2,6
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g\i`f[`jkXjgl\[\j\iZfej\Zl\eZ`X[\gifZ\[`d`\ekfjèk\iefj#\ecl^Xi[\Xlj\eZ`XfgfZXgi\j\eZ`X
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ef\jkXYXeÔidX[fj#lei\Õ\af[\cX[\Z`jè\[`kfi`Xc[\hl\jfcXd\ek\i\gfikXa\j\oZclj`mfjj\iXe
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cfjk\okfjjfe\e^\e\iXcgif[lZ`[fjgficX=le[XZègXiXcX:`\eZ`XpcXK\Zefcf^X=le[XZpk %
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\ck\dX#Zi\\dfjhl\#èZcljf\ecXj\ZZè[\ZXikXj#cXgi\j\eZ`X[\ZXikXjglYc`ZX[Xj jfYi\Z`\eZ`X
\jZi`kXjgfig\ijfeXjc\^Xj[\Y\j\idlpYXaX$%
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<eZlXkif[\\ccfj#ef\eZfekiXdfje`j`hl`\iXlek\okfÔidX[fgfile\og\ikfEl Comercio#El Nuevo Día#
El MercuriopEl Tiempo %<ce`m\cd}o`df[\gi\j\eZ`X[\Z`\ekÔZfjfYj\imX[f]l\\eFolha de São Paulo
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>c\`j\i#Xlehl\\e\jk\ZXjf\jZi`Y\Zfe\cgXg\c[\[`mlc^X[fi[\cXZ`\eZ`X#[X[fhl\jljk\okfjj\
i\Ô\i\eXk\dXjhl\efe\Z\jXi`Xd\ek\_XZ\egXik\[\jl\og\ik`j\Z`\ekÔZX%CXXlj\eZ`X[\XikZlcfj
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glYc`ZXZè\ecfjg\i`[`Zfj%<jgfj`Yc\hl\cfj_XpXe\em`X[f#g\if_lY`\iXegf[`[fj\ii\Z_XqX[fj%
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()+
Clarín
74,2
El Comercio
48,4
El Nacional
51,4
El Nuevo Día
60,7
Folha de São Paulo
73,6
O Globo
58,0
La Jornada
65,9
62,4
El Mercurio
72,9
62,4
Reforma
74,5
El Tiempo
39,5
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gi\j\eZ`X[\Zfekifm\ij`Xj#[\Xcd}o`dfXci\[\[fi[\c('[\cfjXikZlcfj%El Comerciogi\j\ek\cmXcfi
d}jYXaf#Zfed\eZ`fe\jXcXjZfekifm\ij`Xj\ejfcXd\ek\le+#.[\cfjk\okfj%
KXYcX('%Gi\j\eZ`X[\Zfekifm\ij`Xj
Clarín
10,1
El Comercio
4,7
El Nacional
8,6
El Nuevo Dia
5,4
Folha de São Paulo
10,4
O Globo
6,8
La Jornada
9,8
7,5
El Mercúrio
6,8
7,3
Reforma
6,1
El Tiempo
10,5
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SECCIÓN 4
<M8CL8:@äE;<C8J8:K@M@;8;<J
:@<EKà=@:8J@E=8EK@C<JPALM<E@C<J
El estado de la evaluación de las
actividades científicas infantiles y
juveniles. Una panorámica regional
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FICHA DE EXPERIENCIAS
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Número
Tipo de material
Tema
Año
Manual de actividades científicas
El taller
1990
1
Periódico mural y Cuadernillo
El Cielo y las estrellas
1990
2
El agua
1991
3
El lenguaje
1991
4
La imagen
(00)
5
La máquina
(00)
6
La historia
(00*
7
La evolución
(00*
8
El espacio
(00+
9
El cuerpo
(00+
10
El tiempo
(00,
11
La música
(00,
12
Luz y color
1995
13
La energía
1996
14
Los numeros
1996
15
Los artrópodos
1996
16
La ciudad
1996
17
Deportes
(00.
18
Viajes y mapas
(00.
19
La tierra
(00.
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y tecnología presentados en ferias de
ciencia y tecnología juvenil. Aportes de
los proyectos en su comunidad de origen
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Evaluando la comunicación de la ciencia. Una perspectiva

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