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COMUNICAÇÕES
WWW.APDC.PT
Inovação
na Administração
Pública do séc. XXI
sumário
• Sector público em análise
• As apostas do Simplex
• Estratégias e prioridades
• Casos concretos à lupa
• Ciclo APDC promove inovação
CAPA
6 ENQUADRAMENTO
AP DO SÉC. XXI: PRIORIDADES E ESTRATÉGIAS A Administração Pública tem
registado profundas mudanças, num processo onde as TIC assumiram um papel
central. Reforma, simplificação, modernização, e-Gov, foco no cidadão e nas
empresas foram apostas que se traduziram em múltiplos exemplos de sucesso
no seio do aparelho do Estado. Muito já se fez, mas o caminho a percorrer ainda
é longo. A crise económica, a necessidade de reduzir drasticamente o défice
orçamental, as mudanças sociais e ambientais e um aumento da pressão sobre
o fornecimento de serviços públicos colocam à AP enormes desafios. Há que
encontrar respostas mais eficientes, universais e sustentáveis. que permitam dar um
novo impulso não só à estrutura pública como também à economia e à sociedade.
10 ENTREVISTA
É PRECISO ACELERAR E INOVAR A modernização da Administração Pública tem
sido feita de pequenos passos e múltiplas iniciativas. Que têm por detrás uma
visão, uma estratégia e uma coordenação que dão consistência e coerência a todo
o processo. O grande desafio é preparar agora a AP para os novos tempos, o que
implica uma forte aposta na partilha e na cooperação, na mobilização de todos,
motivando-os para a inovação. Em entrevista de fundo, Maria Manuel Leitão
Marques, secretária de Estado da Modernização Administrativa, considera que
é preciso que o aparelho do Estado “incorpore mais uma cultura de risco”. Uma
tarefa que implicará sempre um maior envolvimento por parte da sociedade civil,
que assume também aqui um papel determinante.
16 EM FOCO
QUE METAS PARA A REFORMA DO ESTADO Aprofundar, desenvolver e generalizar
o processo de reforma a toda a AP são objectivos do Executivo para os próximos
anos. Porque permitem potenciar o País na retoma. Trata-se de um “esforço
continuado” para preparar a AP para o século XXI, numa estratégia que está
bem visível no PEC, GOP e OE para 2010. As TIC assumem aqui um papel
fundamental. O processo de modernização do Estado, que só será possível
com uma mudança de culturas, passa por uma estratégia definida pelo governo
com cinco linhas de acção prioritárias: reforço da capacidade de resposta
da AP onde já foi ensaiada com sucesso, sustentabilidade do ritmo de inovação,
maior integração entre políticas de simplificação e de administração electrónica,
aprofundamento do trabalho em rede, ter mais e melhores mecanismos
de avaliação das políticas e medidas adoptadas. As medidas a tomar passam
por todos os ministérios.
4
COMUNICAÇÕES Maio 2010
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INTERNET
NO ESPAÇO.
SIM, NO
ESPAÇO.
Quando a Estação Espacial Internacional precisou de uma
ligação à internet, falou com a HP. E, apesar da dificuldade
óbvia deste desafio, os astraunatas conseguem agora navegar
na internet, enviar e-mails e ainda actualizar o Twitter enquanto
estão em órbita. Liga o teu mundo a HP.com.
:`Zcf8G;:
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NÃO IMPORTA SE A
SUA CLOUD ESTÁ
DENTRO OU FORA…
Algumas organizações preferem implementar clouds privadas. Outras
reconhecem as vantagens da cloud pública. As soluções seguras de
computação em nuvem da Unisys têm a agilidade, a eficiência e o nível de
segurança empresarial de que os clientes não abdicam, independentemente
de serem clouds privadas ou públicas. E se não tiver a certeza sobre qual é
a mais ajustada para o negócio da sua organização, na Unisys sabemos como
ajudá-lo a encontrar o modelo mais adequado.
Unisys: trabalhamos consigo para encontrar a melhor solução.
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Mais de 100 dos nossos clientes
têm já instalada a Estação Base
Flexi MultiRadio, preparada para
o LTE.
Disponibilizamos o serviço
de voz em LTE de alta qualidade
e em completa conformidade
com a iniciativa One Voice.
Realizámos a primeira
chamada LTE do mundo
com uma Estação Base
e software comercial.
1
Somos a empresa
que até à data mais
contratos conseguiu para o
fornecimento de redes comerciais LTE.
www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/LTE
O nosso handover
de LTE com software
comercial foi o primeiro
a nível mundial.

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