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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T43892A10830166
Chiropotes utahickae, Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki
Assessment by: Veiga, L. M., Silva Jr. J. S., Ferrari, S. F. & Rylands, A. B.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: Veiga, L. M., Silva Jr. J. S., Ferrari, S. F. & Rylands, A. B. 2008. Chiropotes utahickae. The
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T43892A10830166.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T43892A10830166.en
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Pitheciidae
Taxon Name: Chiropotes utahickae Hershkovitz, 1985
Synonym(s):
• Chiropotes satanas subspecies utahicki Hershkovitz, 1985
• Chiropotes satanus subspecies utahicki
Common Name(s):
• English:
Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki
Taxonomic Notes:
Hershkovitz (1985) revised the genus Chiropotes and recognized two species, Chiropotes albinasus and
Chiropotes satanas, the second containing three subspecies (Chiropotes s. satanas, Chiropotes s.
chiropotes and Chiropotes s. utahicki). Based on results of analyses of morphological, morphometric and
molecular data, Silva Jr. and Figueiredo (2002) raised the three subspecies to species level, and divided
the populations occurring on either side of the rio Branco into two distinct taxa. They proposed a
taxonomic arrangement with five species: Chiropotes albinasus, Chiropotes satanas, Chiropotes
utahickae, Chiropotes chiropotes and Chiropotes sagulatus Traill, 1821, the latter representing the
eastern form of C. chiropotes, which occurs to the east of the rio Branco, in Brazil, Suriname and the
Guianas.
The species name is currently in dispute. Hershkovitz (1985) named the subspecies Chiropotes satanas
utahicki. However, as the species is named after a woman, in subsequent revisions authors renamed the
species Chiropotes (satanas) utahickae (Silva Jr. and Figueiredo 2002; Groves 2005). Brandon-Jones et al.
(2006) argue that the Latin gender suffix is part of its etymology and therefore unregulated by Article 31
of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and that the author's selected suffix should be
respected and the original spelling preserved.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Endangered A3cd ver 3.1
Year Published:
2008
Date Assessed:
June 30, 2008
Justification:
Listed as Endangered as there is reason to believe this species will decline by at least 50% over the
coming 30 years (three generations) due mainly to the expanding agricultural frontier in this region,
combined with the effects of hunting.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2003 – Vulnerable (VU)
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Chiropotes utahickae – published in 2008.
1
1994 – Vulnerable (V)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
Endemic to Brazil, the species inhabits the Amazon lowlands, between the Rios Xingu, Amazon and
Tocantins-Araguaia (Hershkovitz 1985; Ferrari and Lopes 1996). The exact limits of its range are
unknown. However, National Museum (Rio de Janeiro) archives include a record for the region of rio
Tapirapé in north-east Mato Grosso, near the forest-savanna transition (J. Siiva Jr. pers. comm.). It is
therefore possible that the species occurs in forested areas at the interface between the two biomes.
Country Occurrence:
Native: Brazil
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Distribution Map
3
Population
Using standardized line transects, population densities and sighting rates have been calculated for a
number of areas (see Table 1). This species may occur in greater densities in altered habitats and forest
fragments than in areas of continuous forest (Bobadilla and Ferrari 1998; Ferrari et al. 1999).
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
Uta Hick's Bearded Saki is endemic to the fluvial plain of Amazonia, where it occurs in tall terra firme
humid forests at low altitudes. It has been recorded in disturbed forests.
This species is highly frugivorou, with the diet comprised of seeds (53%), fruit pulp (26%), flowers (18%)
and small quantities of insects, leaves and other plant parts (Santos 2002; Vieira 2005). In a study of a
group on an island (129 ha), over 150 plant species were consumed. Important species include Alexa
grandiflora (Fabaceae), Annona tenuipes (Annonaceae), Inga alba (Mimosaceae), Eschweilera sp.
(Lecythidaceae) and Attalea speciosa (Arecaceae). Home range sizes between 60 and 100 ha, and
average daily walking distances of 2.5 km have been recorded (Vieira 2005). Recent studies have
demonstrated that eastern Amazonian bearded sakis are more tolerant of anthropogenic habitat
disturbance than previously assumed, with groups often able to survive in isolated fragments (<50 ha),
some of which have been isolated for over 20 years (Ferrari et al. 2002; Santos 2002; Vieira 2005).
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
The key threats to its future survival are habitat loss and fragmentation. The establishment of several
large projects (such as the Transamazonian highway BR-230), which bisects the interfluvium from east to
west, the Carajás Mineral Complex and the Tucuruí hydroelectric dam, have lead to considerable habitat
loss. In the north of the range, the habitat is under pressure from both small-holder and large-scale
farming activities and cattle ranching. This species is also hunted for its meat and fur, and hunting
pressure is likely to increase due to habitat fragmentation.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
The following federal reserves occur within the Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki’s range in the state of Pará:
REBIO de Tapirapé (103,000 ha), FLONA Carajás (411,949 ha), FLONA Caxiuanã (324,060 ha), FLONA
Itacaiúna (141,400 ha), FLONA Tapirapé-Aquiri (190,000 ha), APA Igarapé Gelado (21,600 ha), RESEX
Ipaú-Anilzinho (55,816 ha) and RDS Itapuã-Baquiá (64,735 ha). State reserves in Pará include: the Parque
Estadual da Serra dos Martírios/Andorinhas (24,897 ha), APA Lago de Tucuruí – margem esquerda
(568,667 ha), APA São Geraldo do Araguaia (29,655 ha), RDS Alcobaça (36,128 ha) and RDS PucuruíArarão (29,049 ha) (Lopes et al. in press). Surveys are needed south of the rio Tapirapé in northern Mato
Grosso to confirm range limits.
The Primate Protection Centre (Centro de Proteção de Primatas Brasileiros: ICM/CPB), of the Federal
Environmental Protection Institute (Instituto Chico Mendes), supports and coordinates primate
conservation programmes throughout the country. An international committee to discuss and define
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actions for the conservation of Amazonian primate taxa (Comitê Internacional para Conservação e
Manejo dos Primatas Amazônicos), was established by the the CPB and Instituto Chico Mendes (ICM)
and together with the members of the Pitheciine Action Group (PAG) are developing a Conservation
Action Plan for the Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki.
It is listed on CITES Appendix II.
Credits
Assessor(s):
Veiga, L. M., Silva Jr. J. S., Ferrari, S. F. & Rylands, A. B.
Reviewer(s):
Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)
5
Bibliography
Ayres, J. M. 1981. Observações sobre a ecologia e o comportamento dos cuxiús (Chiropotes albinasus e
Chiropotes satanas, Cebidae: Primates). Dissertação de mestrado, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).
Ayres, J. M. and Nessimian, J. L. 1982. Evidence for insectivory in Chiropotes satanas. Primates 23: 458459.
Bobadilla, U. L. and Ferrari, S. F. 1998. First detailed field study on Chiropotes satanas utahicki
Hershkovitz, 1985. Neotropical Primates 6(1): 17-18.
Bobadilla, U. L. and Ferrari, S. F. 2000. Habitat use by Chiropotes satanas utahicki and syntopic
platyrrhines in eastern Amazonia. American Journal of Primatology 50: 215-224.
Bonvicino, C. R., Boubli, J. P., Otazú, I. B., Almeida, F. C., Nascimento, F. F., Coura, J. R. and Seuánez, H. N.
2003. Morphologic, karyotypic, and molecular evidence of a new form of Chiropotes (primates,
pitheciinae). American Journal o f Primatology 61(3): 123-133.
Brandon-Jones, D., Duckworth, J. W., Jenkins, P. D., Rylands, A. B. and Sarmiento, E. E. 2007. The genitive
of species-group scientific names formed from personal names. Zootaxa 1541: 41-48.
Eisenberg, J.F. and Redford, K.H. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics: The Central Neotropics. The
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.
Ferrari, S., Emidio-Silva, C., Lopes, M. and Bobadilla, U. 1999. Bearded sakis in south-eastern
Amazonia—back from the brink? Oryx 33(4).
Ferrari, S. F. and Lopes, M. A. 1996. Primate populations in eastern Amazonia. Plenum Press, New York,
USA.
Ferrari, S. F., da Silva, S. S. B., Pereira, A. P., Carvalho, M., Santos, R. R. and Veiga, L. M. 2004. Rethinking
the ecology of eastern Amazonian bearded sakis (Chiropotes satanas). Resumos do XXth Congress of the
International Primatological Society. Folia Primatologica 75(1): 261.
Ferrari, S. F., Iwanaga, S., Ravetta, A. L., Freitas, F. C., Souza, B. A. R., Souza, L. L., Costa, C. G. and
Coutinho, P. E. G. 2003. Dynamics of primate communities along the Santarém-Cuiabá Highway in southCentral Brazilian Amazonia. In: L. Marsh (ed.), Primates in Fragments: Ecology and Conservation, pp.
123-144. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, USA.
Ferrari, S. F. Santos, R. R., Silva, S. S. B. and Veiga. L. M. 2002. Manejo de populações do cuxiú,
Chiropotes satanas, um primata amazônico ameaçado de extinção, na Área de Influência da Usina
Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, Pará. Projeto aprovado pela Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza.
Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Primates. In: D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World,
pp. 111-184. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Hershkovitz, P. 1985. A preliminary taxonomy review of the south american bearded saki monkeys genus
Chiropotes (Cebidae: Platyrrhini), with the description of a new species. Fieldiana: Zoology 27: 1-46.
Johns, A. D. and Ayres, J. M. 1987. Southern bearded sakis beyond the brink. Oryx 21: 164-167.
Lopes, M. A., Ferrari, S. F., Veiga, L. M. and Silva Jr., J. S. 2008. Cuxiú-de-uta-hick, Chiropotes utahicki
Hershkovitz, 1985. In: A. B. M. Machado, G. M. Drummond and A. P. Paglia (eds), Livro vermelho das
6
espécies ameaçadas de extinção da fauna brasileira, Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Rylands, A. B. 1994. Cuxiú, Chiropotes satanas utahicki Hershkovitz, 1985. In: G. A. B. da Fonseca, A. B.
Rylands, C. M. R. Costa, R. B. Machado and Y. L. R. Leite (eds), Livro Vermelho dos Mamíferos Brasileiros
Ameaçados de Extinção, pp. 263-267. Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Santos, R. R. 2002. Ecologia de cuxiús (Chiropotes satanas) na Amazônia Oriental: Perspectivas para a
conservação de populações fragmentadas. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Pará.
Silva Jr., J. S. and Figueiredo, W. M. B. 2002. Revisão sistemática dos cuxiús, gênero Chiropotes Lesson,
1840 (Primates Pithecidae). Livro de Resumos do XO. Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia,
Amazônia - A Última Fronteira: 21. Belém do Pará, Brazil.
Vieira, T. 2005. Aspectos da ecologia do cuxiú de Uta Hick, Chiropotes utahickae (Hershkovitz, 1985),
com ênfase na exploração alimentar de espécies arbóreas da ilha de Germoplasma, Tucuruí-PA.
Dissertação de Mestrado, Museu Paraense Emílio Goéldi and Universidade Federal do Pará,.
Citation
Veiga, L. M., Silva Jr. J. S., Ferrari, S. F. & Rylands, A. B. 2008. Chiropotes utahickae. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2008: e.T43892A10830166.
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
7
Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
-
Suitable
-
Use and Trade
End Use
Local
National
International
Food - human
Yes
No
No
Threats
Threat
Timing
Scope
Severity
Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder
farming
Ongoing
-
-
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
Ongoing
-
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry
farming
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming
& ranching -> 2.3.2. Small-holder grazing, ranching or
farming
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming
& ranching -> 2.3.3. Agro-industry grazing, ranching
or farming
3. Energy production & mining -> 3.2. Mining &
quarrying
4. Transportation & service corridors -> 4.1. Roads &
railroads
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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5. Biological resource use -> 5.1. Hunting & trapping
terrestrial animals -> 5.1.1. Intentional use (species is
the target)
5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood
harvesting -> 5.3.5. Motivation
Unknown/Unrecorded
7. Natural system modifications -> 7.2. Dams & water
management/use -> 7.2.11. Dams (size unknown)
Stresses:
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
-
-
-
-
-
-
Conservation Actions in Place
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range
In-Place Education
Included in international legislation: Yes
Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes
Conservation Actions Needed
Conservation Actions Needed
2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management
3. Species management -> 3.1. Species management -> 3.1.1. Harvest management
Research Needed
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology
3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends
9
Additional Data Fields
Population
Population severely fragmented: No
10
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

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