Internet access and children`s online opportunities in Brazil

Addressing the digital divide: Internet access and
children’s online opportunities in Brazil
Children’s and Young People’s Rights in the Digital Age
IAMCR 2016 Pre-conference
London A|evolução
26-27th
of no
July
da Internet
Brasil2016
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
MEASURING ACCESS TO AND USE OF ICT
CETIC.br: areas of investigation
ICT Surveys in Brazil
10 years producing data for
evidence-based policymaking
2005
2012
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
COMPARATIVE ANALYSES
ICT Kids Online Brazil and European Projects
Barbosa, A., O’Neill, B., Ponte, C., Simões, J.A., and
Jereissati, T. (2013). Risks and safety on the internet:
Comparing Brazilian and European children. LSE,
London: EU Kids Online.
Sozio, M. E. ; Ponte, C. ; Sampaio, I. V. ; Senne, F. J. N. ;
Olafsson, K. ; Alves, S. J. Z. ; Garroux, C. (2015) . Children
and Internet use: A comparative analysis of Brazil and
seven European countries. EU Kids Online, v. 1, p. 1-19.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
LATIN AMERICAN KIDS ONLINE
EUKO
GKO
LACKO
Coordinación
Brasil/Chile
UNICEF–LSE
Interna>onalOrganiza>ons
o  Argentina
o  Brazil
o  Chile
o  Colombia
o  Costa Rica
o  Ecuador
o  Uruguay
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
CONTEXT OF CONNECTIVITY
ICT in Households survey*: Estimates on the prevalence of
Internet users in Brazil
94
48%
43%
Million Internet users in
2014
100
54%
80
60
40
34
39
41
46
49
51
55
63%
56%
20
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Internet user: those individuals who have
used the Internet at least once in the three
months prior to the interview (ITU, 2014).
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
CONTEXT OF CONNECTIVITY
ICT in Households survey*: Estimates on the prevalence of
Internet users in Brazil
74
55
80
57
54
54
40
AREA
GENDER
AGE
21
A
20
B
60 OR ABOVE
45 TO 59
35 TO 44
25 TO 34
16 TO 24
10 TO 15
FEMALE
MALE
RURAL
URBAN
15
TOTAL
60
34
29
100
80
69
C
59
83
DE
55
96
SES
* Available at: http://cetic.br/pesquisa/domicilios/.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
0
ICT KIDS ONLINE BRAZIL
Improvements in survey design
• 
• 
Main challenges and shortcomings:
o 
Digital divide: Internet users represent 55% of the total population
and 77% of the population aged 10 to 17 years (ICT in Households
2014);
o 
Regional differences: higher between regions than across
countries;
o 
Increased costs and operational effort to find the target population
of the survey;
Improvement in survey design:
2015 – Sampling design optimization and cost reduction:
Integration to the ICT in Households sample design and survey
operations
ICT KIDS ONLINE BRAZIL
Survey design 2012-2015
2012
Sample design
2013
PPS / IS
2014
PPS / IS
2015*
PPS / IS
PPS / SRS
Number of municipalities
125
150
150
350
Number of enumeration areas
250
300
300
2.000
Children
1.580
2.261
2.105
3.000
Parents/ legal
guardians
1.580
2.261
2.105
3.000
Total
3.160
4.522
4.210
6.000
Number of
interviews
Mode of data collections
PAPI (Paperand-pencil
personal
interviewing)
PAPI (Paperand-pencil
personal
interviewing)
CAPI (Computerassisted personal
interviewing)
CAPI (Computerassisted personal
interviewing)
SAQ (Selfadministered
questionnaire)
SAQ (Selfadministered
questionnaire)
CASI (Computerassisted selfinterviewing)
CASI (Computerassisted selfinterviewing)
* Estimated sample sizes. Currently in data collection.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
ACCESS TO THE INTERNET
Devices used to go online
100
82
80
60
71
53
2013
56
41
2014
36
40
32
16
20
11
12
3
5
0
Mobile phone
Desktop computer Portable computer
Tablet
Videogame
Television
Base: 2 261 (2013) and 2 105 (2014) respondents.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
ACCESS TO THE INTERNET
Type of Internet connection (2014)
100
83
80
79
72
72
64
63
58
60
50
42
37
40
37
32
20
0
HIGH
MEDIUM
TOTAL
LOW
SES
WiFi only
3G or 4G
Both
Base: 2 105 (2014) respondents.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
ACCESS TO THE INTERNET
Location of Internet use
100
81
80
73
68
2012
60
40
60
57
54
54
49
45
40
38
42
35
34
2013
37 38
26
22 22
18
20
35
17
2014
7
0
Shared place Child's own
at home
bedroom
Relatives'
home
Friends' home On the move
School
Cybercafé
Public library,
telecenter or
other public
space
Base: 1 560 (2012), 2 261 (2013) and 2 105 (2014) respondents.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
DIGITAL SKILLS
Skills for a safe use of the Internet
100
80
63
60
57
58
54
58
2012
56
50
46
50
41
42
46
2013
40
2014
20
0
Bookmark a website
Change privacy settings
on SNS
Delete the record of
visited websites
Compare different
websites to decide if
information is true
Base: 1 560 (2012), 2 261 (2013) and 2 105 (2014) respondents.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
ACCESS TO THE INTERNET
Devices used to go online, by SES (13- to 17-years-olds)
SES
Devices used
High (AB)
Medium (C)
Low (DE)
Total
Only computer
6.4
11.3
8.3
9.7
Computer and cell
phone
81.6
59.0
54.3
63.2
Only cell phone
11.9
29.6
37.4
27.1
Source: CETIC.br, Survey on Internet use by children in Brazil 2014.
.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
MULTIPLE CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS (MCA)
Factor dimensions
Variable
•  4 factors explain 80.2% of variability
Fac1
Fac2
Fac3
Fac4
Internet use for school work
6.35
3.08
36.59*
2.67
Watched online videos
8.90
4.04
2.96
2.90
12.37*
1.24
12.76
9.29
9.21
4.13
0.04
7.09
Researched things on the Internet
14.19*
0.85
16.45*
0.18
Watched online programs, TV series and movies
11.73*
6.36
0.08
6.49
Listened to music on the Internet
11.77*
0.99
25.69*
3.09
Entered, accessed a social network
8.92
8.20
0.00
31.82*
Used instant messaging
9.57
13.83
5.07
17.77*
Played games with other people on the Internet
3.01
23.60*
0.03
11.22
Played games alone on the Internet
3.98
33.69*
0.33
7.47
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Downloaded music or movies
Read/watched online news
Source: CETIC.br, Survey on Internet use by children in Brazil 2014.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE MODEL
Main findings
Models
M1
Source
(Corrected model)
(Intercept)
Gender
SES
Device used
df1
5
1
1
2
2
Sig.
0.00
0.01
0.40
0.00*
0.05
M2
df1
5
1
1
2
2
Sig.
0.00
0.00
0.00*
0.26
0.00*
M3
df1
5
1
1
2
2
Sig.
0.01
0.47
0.20
0.17
0.00*
M4
df1
5
1
1
2
2
Sig.
0.04
0.38
0.13
0.22
0.18
*significant at the 5% level.
Models
M1
M2
M3
M4
-
-0,22
-
-
Medium SES vs. High SES
0.09
-
-
-
Low SES vs. High SES
0.43
-
-
-
Only computer vs. Computer and cell phone
-
0.17
-0.10
-
Only cell phone vs. Computer and cell phone
-
-0.09
0.10
-
Gender
Female vs. Male
SES
Device used
Source: CETIC.br, Survey on Internet use by children in Brazil 2014.
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE MODEL
Main findings
o 
Model 1: Controlling for Gender and Device used, data analysis
indicates that SES is critical for activities related to entertainment
and the consumption of audio-visual media, and that high SES is
associated with performing these activities.
o 
Model 2: Although the prevalence of boys in gaming activities is
well documented in the literature, data shows that the use of
computer is also relevant for explaining gaming.
o 
Model 3: Controlling for Gender and SES, data analysis shows
that access to computer is critical for activities related to education
and access to information.
o 
Model 4: Data analysis indicates that social networking and instant
messaging are disseminated among children regardless of
Gender, SES or Device used.
Thank you!
www.cetic.br
[email protected]
@ComuNICbr
Facebook.com/nic.br
A evolução da Internet no Brasil
26 de março de 2009 – São Paulo