assessment

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T22678398A37863310
Penelope jacucaca, White-browed Guan
Assessment by: BirdLife International
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: BirdLife International. 2012. Penelope jacucaca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2012: e.T22678398A37863310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20121.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Cracidae
Taxon Name: Penelope jacucaca Spix, 1825
Common Name(s):
• English:
White-browed Guan
Taxonomic Source(s):
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife
International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International.
Identification Information:
65-70 cm. Medium-sized, blackish-brown cracid with a striking white supercilium. Prominent elongated
white streaks in the upperwing. Pale legs. Similar spp. None in range. Voice Unknown.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Vulnerable A2cd+3cd+4cd ver 3.1
Year Published:
2012
Date Assessed:
May 1, 2012
Justification:
This species qualifies as Vulnerable because intensifying threats are suspected to have led to rapid
population declines, and the species has already been extirpated from some sites.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2008 – Vulnerable (VU)
2004 – Vulnerable (VU)
2000 – Lower Risk/near threatened (LR/nt)
1994 – Lower Risk/near threatened (LR/nt)
1988 – Threatened (T)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
Penelope jacucaca is a caatinga endemic confined to Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia and
north-east Minas Gerais, north-east Brazil (Sick 1993, G. M Kirwan in litt. 2000). There are apparently
three distinct subpopulations: south of the rio São Francisco; north-east of the rio São Francisco; and
south-east Piauí to west Ceará (Sick 1993). There are recent records from north-western Minas Gerais
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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(Mocambinho [Kirwan et al. 2001], Jatobá [Kirwan et al. 2004], Lagoa dos Patos [de Vasconcelos 2006]),
Bahia (Raso da Catarina Ecological Station [P. Lima in litt. 2003], Curaçá [Freitas and Barros 2002],
Chapada Diamantina [Parrini et al. 1999]) and southern Piauí (Serra de Uruçuí [Santos (2001a], Serra da
Capivara National Park [Olmos 1993], Serra das Confusões National Park [L. F. Silveira in litt. 2003], Sete
Cidades National Park [Santos 2001b], Parque Ambiental de Teresina [Rodrigues and Santos 2001]),
Pernambuco (Serra Negra Biological Reserve [Roda and Carlos 2004], Mauricio Dantas Private Reserve
[Farias et al. 2001]) and Ceará (in the Itapagé municipality [P. Develey in litt. 2007] and Serra de Baturité
[Roberto Otoch per D. Willis in litt. 2009]). There are no recent records from near coastal areas of
Alagoas or Paraíba, as claimed in the past, and the species is considered extinct there.
Country Occurrence:
Native: Brazil
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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Distribution Map
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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Population
Delacour & Amadon (2004) estimated the population size to number fewer than 10,000 mature
individuals, thus the population is placed in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. This equates to
3,750-14,999 individuals in total, rounded to 3,500-15,000 individuals here.
Trend Justification
A rapid and on-going population decline is suspected on the basis of hunting pressure and habitat
degradation.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
It is a poorly known and scarce resident of dry, lowland stunted forest and caatinga (del Hoyo et al.
1994, Sick 1993).
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
North-eastern Brazil is the poorest region in the country and has a strong hunting culture. This large and
attractive species is considered either locally extinct or very rare over much of its distribution and is
under intensive pressure from hunting even in "protected" areas. Additionally, both Raso da Catarina
and Serra Negra are intensively exploited by Indian groups, who have also cut much of the latter forest
(Santos 2001b). Degradation of dry forests and arboreal caatinga, apparently its favoured habitats, has
also been intensive.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
Conservation Actions Underway
Recent records from a number of protected areas including Raso da Catarina Ecological Station (Bahia),
Serra da Capivara National Park (Piauí), Serra das Confusões National Park, Sete Cidades National Park,
Parque Ambiental de Teresina and Pernambuco (Serra Negra Biological Reserve [Roda and Carlos 2004],
Mauricio Dantas Private Reserve). In Ceará state it has recently been found at a site in Itapagé
municipality where a private reserve is being created (P. Develey in litt. 2007). An action plan being
developed by IBAMA for Cracidae will include this species. Conservation Actions Proposed
Carry out surveys to assess the population size. Conduct research into the extent and level of hunting
pressure on the species. Develop and implement an action plan for the species and its habitat. Improve
de facto protection of protected areas within its range. Initiate local awareness campaigns to combat
hunting in protected areas.
Credits
Assessor(s):
BirdLife International
Reviewer(s):
Butchart, S. & Symes, A.
Contributor(s):
Develey, P., Kirwan, G., Lima, P., Olmos, F. & Silveira, L.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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Facilitators(s) and
Compiler(s):
Symes, A., Benstead, P., Keane, A., Symes, A., Sharpe, C J
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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Bibliography
Delacour, J.; Amadon, D. 2004. Curassows and related birds. Lynx Edicions & American Museum of
Natural History, Barcelona & New York.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1994. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 2: New World Vultures
to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
De Vasconcelos, M.F., D'Angelo Neto, S., Kirwan, G.M., Bornschein, M.R., Guimaraes Diniz, M. and Da
Silva, J.F. 2006. Important ornithological records from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Bulletin of the British
Ornithologists' Club 126(3): 212-238.
Farias, G. B.; Brito, M. T.; Pacheco, G. L. 2001. Levantamento de aves da RPPN Mauricio Dantas,
Betânia/Floresta (Pernambucco). Resumos do X Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 202-203.
Freitas, M. A.; Barros, Y. M. 2002. Ornitofauna de Curaçá (Pátria da Ararinha Azul) riqueza e diversidade
na caatinga da regiao norte da Bahia. Resumos do X Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 150-152.
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 19 June 2012).
Kirwan, G. M.; Barnett, J. M.; Minns, J. 2001. Significant ornithological observations from the rio Sao
Francisco valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with notes on conservation and biogeography. Ararajuba 9(2):
145-161.
Kirwan, G.M.; Barnett, J.M.; Vasconcelos, M. F. de; Raposo, M. A.; D'Angelo Neto, S.; Roesler, I. 2004.
Further comments on the avifauna of the middle Sao Francisco valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bulletin of
the British Ornithologists' Club 124: 207-220.
Olmos, F. 1993. Birds of Serra da Capivara National Park in the "caatinga" of north-eastern Brazil. Bird
Conservation International 3: 21-36.
Parrini, R.; Raposo, M. A.; Pacheco, J. F.; Carvalhaes, A. M. P.; Melo, T. A. J.; Fonseca, P. S. M.; Minns, J. C.
1999. Birds of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Cotinga 11: 86-95.
Roda, S. A.; Carlos, C. J. 2004. Composiçao e sensitividade da avifauna dos brejos de altitude do estado
de Pernambuco. In: Porto, K.C.; Cabral, J.J.P.; Tabarelli, M. (ed.), Brejos de Altitude: história natural,
ecologia e conservaçao, pp. 211-218. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasílla.
Rodrigues, E. B.; Santos. MPD. 2001. Levantamento da ornitofauna do Parque Ambiental de Teresina,
Piauí. Resumos do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 230-231.
Santos, M. P. D. 2001. Avifauna da Serra de Uruçui, Piauí. Resumos do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de
Ornitologia: 237-238.
Santos, M. P. D. 2001. Avifauna Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí. Resumos do VIII Congresso
Brasileiro de Ornitologia: 238-239.
Sick, H. 1993. Birds in Brazil: a natural history. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Strahl, S.; Ellis, S.; Byers, O.; Plasse, C. 1994. Conservation assessment and management plan for
Neotropical guans, curassows, and chachalacas. International Union for Nature Conservation and
Natural Resources, Apple Valley, USA.
Citation
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
6
BirdLife International. 2012. Penelope jacucaca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012:
e.T22678398A37863310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
7
Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
Resident
Suitable
Yes
2. Savanna -> 2.1. Savanna - Dry
Resident
Suitable
Yes
Use and Trade
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
End Use
Local
National
International
Food - human
Yes
Yes
No
Medicine - human & veterinary
Yes
Yes
No
Pets/display animals, horticulture
Yes
Yes
No
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat
Timing
Scope
Severity
Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry
farming
Ongoing
Majority (5090%)
Slow, significant
declines
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
Ongoing
Majority (5090%)
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming
& ranching -> 2.3.3. Agro-industry grazing, ranching
or farming
5. Biological resource use -> 5.1. Hunting & trapping
terrestrial animals -> 5.1.1. Intentional use (species is
the target)
5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood
harvesting -> 5.3.4. Unintentional effects: (large
scale)
Slow, significant
declines
Slow, significant
declines
Slow, significant
declines
-
-
-
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning
Action Recovery plan: Yes
Systematic monitoring scheme: No
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
Invasive species control or prevention: No
In-Place Species Management
Successfully reintroduced or introduced beningly: No
Subject to ex-situ conservation: No
In-Place Education
Subject to recent education and awareness programmes: No
Included in international legislation: No
Subject to any international management/trade controls: No
Conservation Actions Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions Needed
2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management
3. Species management -> 3.1. Species management -> 3.1.1. Harvest management
3. Species management -> 3.2. Species recovery
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): No
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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Distribution
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 620000
Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): No
Continuing decline in number of locations: Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: No
Lower elevation limit (m): 800
Upper elevation limit (m): 1600
Population
Number of mature individuals: 2500-9999
Continuing decline of mature individuals: Unknown
Extreme fluctuations: No
Population severely fragmented: No
Continuing decline in subpopulations: Unknown
Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: No
All individuals in one subpopulation: No
Habitats and Ecology
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Unknown
Generation Length (years): 5.7
Movement patterns: Not a Migrant
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelope jacucaca – published in 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22678398A37863310.en
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The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™