fct : projectos de investigação científica e desenvolvimento tecnológico

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12-10-2009
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Referência do projecto
Project re fe re nce
C ERN/FP/109274/2009 (Lacrado a 28-05-2009 às 17:09)
1. Identificação do projecto
–
1. Project description
Área científica principal
Main Are a
Física das Partículas
Área científica Secundária
Se conda ry a re a
(Vazio)
(Void)
Título do projecto (em português)
Project title (in portugue se )
Desenvolvimento dum modulador para aplicar tensões no alvo instalado no ISOLDE
Título do projecto (em inglês)
Project title (in e nglish)
Target voltage modulator development for the on-line isotope separator ISOLDE
Financiamento solicitado
R e que sted funding
86.557,00€
Palavra-chave 1
Keyword 1
Modulador para tensões aplicadas no alvo do ISOLDE
Volatge modulator for the ISOLDE target
Palavra-chave 2
Keyword 2
Topologia de gerador de Marx
Marx generator topology
Palavra-chave 3
Keyword 3
Topologia baseada em semicondutores
Semiconductor based topology
Palavra-chave 4
Keyword 4
Tensão estável para resolução em massa de precisão
Voltage stability for precise mass resolution
Data de início do projecto
Duração do projecto em meses
Sta rting da te
Dura tion in m onths
01-11-2009
12
2. Instituições envolvidas
2. Institutions and their roles
concursos.fct.mctes.pt/…/index.asp?…
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Instituição Proponente
Principa l Contra ctor
Fundação da Universidade de Lisboa (FUL/UL)
Alameda da Universidade, C idade Universitária, C ampo Grande
1649-004Lisboa
Instituição Participante
Pa rticipa ting Institution
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL/IPL)
Rua C onselheiro Emídio Navarro - 1
1950-062Lisboa
Unidade de Investigação
Re se arch Unit
Centro de Física Nuclear (FC/UL)
Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2
1649-003Lisboa
Unidade de Investigação Adicional
Additiona l R e se a rch Unit
(Vazio)
(Void)
Instituição de Acolhimento
Host Institution
Complexo Interdisciplinar da Universidade de Lisboa (CIUL/UL)
Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2
1649-003Lisboa
3. Componente Científica
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3. Scientific Component
3.1. Sumário
3.1 Summary
3.1.a Sumário Executivo (em português)
3.1.a Ex ecutive Sum m a ry (in Portugue se )
Neste projecto pretende desenvolver-se um novo modulador para 60 kV do alvo do ISOLDE. O separador de massa em tempo
real, ISOLDE, está localizada no “Proton-Synchrotron Booster” (PSB) do C ERN, C entro Europeu para a Pesquisa Nuclear.
A fonte de iões do ISOLDE está ligada a um alvo, flutuante a 60 kV, que é periodicamente bombardeado por um feixe de 1,4
GeV de protões com 2 µA. Os iões produzidos são acelerados por um campo de 60 kV por um eléctrodo de extracção ao
potencial da terra, para a área experimental.
Para existir elevada resolução em massa no separador a jusante é extremamente importante que a tensão de aceleração seja
excepcionalmente estável. O alvo, a fonte de iões e o eléctrodo de extracção estão dentro de um tanque em vácuo onde é
aplicado o potencial de aceleração. O impacto do feixe de protões ioniza intensamente o ar. Esta ionização perturbar a tensão
de aceleração porque representa uma carga adicional para a fonte de alimentação.
Assim, durante o período crítico quando os protões bombardeiam o alvo a tensão de aceleração reduzida a zero. Isto é
aceitável desde que a mesma seja restabelecida no seu valor de 60 kV +/- 1 V em menos de 10 ms, permitindo ainda a
detecção isótopos com tempos de vida média muito curtos. Durante este período o feixe de iões não entra no separador.
O sistema actual do modulador restaura a tensão perto do seu valor nominal em menos de 6 ms. Esta topologia do circuito
satisfaz os constrangimentos de recuperação e estabilidade da tensão.
Mais recentemente, houve necessidade de instalar uma fonte de alimentação contínua negativa de 60 kV para acelerar feixes
de iões negativos. Teste preliminares que decorreram no ISOLDE mostraram que, apesar de a fonte ser estável de acordo com
as especificações, o tempo de recuperação para o regime de estabilidade imposto anda na ordem do 50 ms, longe dos 10 ms.
Somado a isto, a utilização de novas fontes de iões usando alvos denominados de conversão aumentaram a carga vista pela
fonte de alimentação a seguir ao impacto dos protões. C omo resultado, com a máxima intensidade do feixe de iões e alguns
tipos de alvos de conversão o tempo de recuperação excede o imposto. O previsível alargamento da utilização deste tipo de
alvos no futuro bem como o aumento de potência do feixe de protões para o HIE-ISOLDE (ISOLDE com alta intensidade e
energia) vai levar, inevitavelmente, à degradação do desempenho dos moduladores.
C onsiderando isto, está a desenvolver-se uma nova topologia que pode fornecer a estabilidade da tensão desejada para
tensões positivas e negativas, que inclui a fonte de 60 kV e dois interruptores de estado sólido baseados no conceito do gerador
de Marx. Este circuito tem a eficiência elevada e flexibilidade para mudar os parâmetros de funcionamento.
Adicionalmente, este projecto pretende contribuir definitivamente para o crescimento da investigação nas áreas da potência
pulsada, orientada para aplicações que vão até à física nuclear avançada, em Portugal, contribuindo para a formação e treino
de muitos jovens estudantes e cientistas neste campo interdisciplinar através da colaboração com o C ERN, e criando condições
para estabelecer-se uma infra-estrutura suportada para transferência tecnológica para outras aplicações.
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No primeiro ano do projecto, e após a definição de um conjunto de requisitos para realização do novo modulador, foi definida
uma topologia de circuito e realizada simulação. Actualmente está-se a montar um protótipo para 10 kV do circuito em Lisboa.
Entretanto, está em fase de aquisição material para construção de um novo protótipo para 30 kV a ser montado no C ERN. Estes
dois circuitos permitem a operação com diferentes condições e materiais (semicondutores e condensadores com tensões
próximas do circuito final). Este trabalho é possível considerando as duas equipas de físicos e engenheiros a trabalhar em
Lisboa e no C ERN. Em ambas são essenciais os dois bolseiros da FC T, em Lisboa, e a bolsa ADI para um engenheiro no C ERN
No terceiro ano do projecto existe a vontade para aumentar a capacidade de trabalho no C ERN, de forma a começar a montar o
modulador para 60 kV, e iniciar as experiências no alvo off-line do ISOLDE, para optimização do circuito.
As topologias de circuitos, baseados no conceito do gerador de Marx com semicondutores, aqui desenvolvidas e aplicadas têm
um potencial enorme para serem aplicadas em diferentes aplicações pulsadas. C onstituindo um dos objectivos deste projecto
poder transferir a tecnologia que está a ser desenvolvida para outras aplicações e instituições.
3.1.b Sumário Executivo (em inglês)
3.1.b Ex ecutive Sum m a ry (in English)
This project aims to develop a new 60 kV ISOLDE voltage target modulator, supported on the progress of semiconductor
technology. The On-Line Isotope Mass Separator ISOLDE is located at the Proton-Synchrotron Booster (PSB) of the European
Organisation for Nuclear Research C ERN.
The ion source of ISOLDE is connected to a thick target, floating at 60 kV, which is periodically bombarded by a 1.4 GeV high
intensity proton beam (up to 2 µA). The produced ions are then accelerated by a grounded extraction electrode to 60 kV, before
transport to the experimental area. The target and ion source must be held at a precise voltage with respect to a grounded
extraction electrode to provide the necessary acceleration. If there is to be high mass resolution in the downstream separator it
is extremely important that there be exceptional stability of this accelerating voltage. The target, ion source and extraction
electrode are in vacuum and the vacuum tank of the target is raised to full accelerating potential. The impacting proton beam
intensively ionises the air. This ionisation perturbs the accelerating voltage because it represents a significant additional load on
the 60 kV power supply.
Hence, during the critical period when protons strike the target the accelerating voltage is decreased to zero. This is acceptable
provided that the stable accelerating voltage of 60 kV +/- 1 V is interrupted for less than 10 ms, so still allowing the detection of
very short life-time radio isotopes. During this period the beam is prevent from entering the separator.
The actual hard-tube switch based modulator restores the voltage close to its nominal value within 6 ms. This circuit topology is
proven to satisfy the voltage recovery time and stability constraints.
However, recent physics requests for negative ion beams have required the installation of a commercial negative 60kV d.c.
power supply. Experiences during two-week negative ion runs have shown that whilst the d.c. stability of the negative power
supply is within specification, the recovery time to the required stability level is of the order of 50ms, well outside the maximum
10ms required.
In addition, recent use of new ion sources using so-called converter targets have substantially increased the resistive loading
seen by the positive power supply immediately following proton beam impact. An observed consequence is that with maximum
beam intensity and certain types of converter targets the recovery time exceeds the maximum required. Increased use of
converter targets is envisaged in the future, as well as, the beam power increase in the future for the HIE-ISOLDE (High
Intensity and Energy ISOLDE) will inevitably lead to degradation of the target modulators performance.
C onsidering this, a new circuit topology that can provide the mandatory stability for the future demands is been developed,
either for negative and positive ion beams, which includes the same 60 kV power supply and two solid-state switches based on
the Marx generator concept. This new circuit has a higher efficiency and flexibility for changing the circuit parameters.
Furthermore, this project aims to definitively contribute to the growth of pulsed power technology research, oriented for
applications such as advanced nuclear physics, in Portugal contributing to the education and training of many young students
and young researchers in this interdisciplinary field through this international collaboration with the C ERN organization, given the
conditions to establish a self supported infrastructure for technology transfer for other applications.
In the first year and a half of the project, a number of requirements for the new modulator were identified. A new circuit
modulator was design and successful simulated. At this moment a 10 kV range circuit prototype is being assembled at Lisbon.
Meanwhile, the material for beginning the assembling of a second intermediate voltage range prototype (30 kV), to be
assembled at C ERN, is being acquired. Allowing the test of different characteristics and materials (semiconductors and
capacitors with a voltage range similar to the final circuit) for the proposed circuit. This is possible considering the two teams of
physics and engineers that are working in Lisbon and at C ERN. In both it is fundamental the two project FC T/grant students that
are in Lisbon and the one AdI student that is at C ERN.
In the third project year we hope to increase the team working effort, in order to start assembling the 60 kV new modulator,
and to begin the experimental tests with the off-line ISOLDE target, for verifying the circuit feasibility.
The design circuit topologies, based on the Marx concepts with solid-state devices, here developed and applied, have a large
potential for being used in different pulsed power application. The transfer of this technology for other applications and
institutions is one of the aims of this project.
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3.2. Descrição Técnica
3.2 Technical Description
3.2.1. Revisão da Literatura
3.2.1. Lite ra ture Re vie w
The ISOLDE facility provides radioactive ion beams to a number of experimental areas in the fields of nuclear and atomic
physics, solid-state physics, materials science and life sciences. The facility is located at the Proton-Synchrotron Booster (PSB)
of the European Organisation for Nuclear Research C ERN.
The target and ion source must be held at a precise voltage with respect to a grounded extraction electrode to provide the
requisite acceleration, normally 60 kV.
Actually, the circuit topology of the target voltage modulator is based on a custom-built positive high-voltage d.c. power supply
(60 kV) connected, through a pulse transformer and a hard-tube (tyratron), to a resonant circuit such that prior to beam impact
the target is fully discharged to zero by the resonant circuit in about 35µs (to prevent additional load to the power supply),
remains close enough to zero during beam impact, does not over-swing by more than 2.5 kV during recovery and finally, and of
greatest importance, returns to its nominal value +/- 1 V within 6 ms [1] still allowing the detection of very short life-time radio
isotopes.
For positive radioactive beams the acceleration voltage is positive, in this case the actual modulator (based on pulse transformer
and a hard tube switching) has a recovery time less than 10 ms and a good stability afterwards, however for negative beams
the actual modulator recovery time is in the order of 50 ms, being excessive for production a stable beam of very short life-time
radio isotopes.
The Nuclear Physics C enter research team includes expertise in pulsed power technology, namely in repetitive high voltage
modulators bases in semiconductor technology. To our knowledge, today, the only group in Portugal working in the development
of pulsed power technology and applications. Prior to this project, several solid-state based pulsed power modulator topologies
that can be applied to different types of loads (i.e. resistive, capacitive and inductive), using either positive, negative or bipolar
pulses, with potential applications for enhancing a method or a product in the areas on environment, medical, biological and
industry, have been developed [2 - 3]. The group registered, already, two Portuguese patents in the field of solid state pulsed
power, the first one in 2006 [4] and the second one in 2008 [5]. The previous circuits have great potential for application in the
ISOLDE voltage target modulator and other C ERN applications. The circuits are able to generate rectangular positive and/or
negative high-voltage pulses with different frequencies up to tens of kHz, pulse widths and duty cycles. Nevertheless,
optimizations are needed to accomplish the demands impose by characteristics and requirements of the ISOLDE modulator.
The C ERN team, comprising an AdI grant Portuguese engineer for this project, includes the section leader and various members
of the Fast Pulsed Magnets (KPS) Section, from the Beam Transfer (BT) group involved in the PS complex of the Accelerators
and Beams Department (AB). Their expertise and skills, namely, in high-voltage pulse generators are essential for the
construction of the new 60 kV ISOLDE voltage target modulator.
The ISOLDE modulator circuit operation can be regard as a pulsed circuit but with a different approach. In standard pulse
applications, a target is grounded and afterwards during the pulse period a positive or negative high-voltage pulse is applied to
it, during a short period compared to the grounded period, after which the zero voltage is imposed again. However, in the case
of the ISOLDE target, a stable (better than 10E-5) d.c. high-voltage is applied to the target and during some short periods this
voltage is grounded. Meaning that the high voltage duty cycle at the target is much higher than normal.
Many different technologies that can be used to generate negative or negative high voltage pulses. The most widely used circuit
configurations rely on a high-voltage d.c. power supply and a hard-tube switch in series or in parallel with the load and an
energy storing capacitor [6]. Modern hard-tube switching devices are capable of switching megawatts of average power,
although expensive and cumbersome.
Much more convenient, solid state switching devices, like insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and power metal oxide
semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), are still comparatively low voltage devices. For this reason, solid state
modulators only recently have been introduced. To achieve the needed high voltages, several authors have brought different
techniques into practical circuits. Some use series connected semiconductors to directly switch a high-voltage power supply onto
the load [7]. Others use pulse transformers, with primary coils supplied by a parallel association of semiconductor switches and
where the energy is stored at a low voltage level [8]. Recently, a constant flux reset clamp circuit that takes advantage of the
low duty ratio required has reduced the voltage stress on all semiconductor switches [9]. C ascade topologies are also been
used, either with series connected circuits based on resonant pulse transformers [10], or with the cascade (series connected) of
pulse generators isolated with transformers [8].
The Marx generator concept [11], charging capacitors in parallel and discharging them in series into the load (through a number
of switches), provides another widely used method for generating high-voltage pulses, because it requires only a relatively lowvoltage d.c. power supply for charging and does not require pulse transformers to achieve the desired high-voltage.
Recent semiconductor technological upgrades increased the life-time of the circuit and permitted higher pulse repetition
frequency, meaning an improved performance [12 - 17].
In this project two solid-state Marx generator switches are used to increase efficiency and flexibility of the actual modulator.
3.2.2. Plano e Métodos
3.2.2. Pla n a nd Me thods
The C ERN ISOLDE facility provides radioactive ion beams to a number of experimental areas in the fields of nuclear and atomic
physics, solid-state physics, materials science and life sciences. The facility is located at the Proton-Synchrotron Booster (PSB)
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of the European Organisation for Nuclear Research C ERN.
At ISOLDE, radioactive nuclides are produced via spallation, fission, or fragmentation reactions in a thick target, irradiated with
a proton beam from the PSB at an energy of 1.4 GeV and an intensity up to 2 microA. The target and ion source are fast
physico-chemical devices. The volatile nuclear reaction products are released from the high temperature target into an ion
source via chemically selective processes and are extracted as a radioactive ion beam, which in many cases reaches the highest
intensities available worldwide. Laser ionisation for selected chemical elements allows for further selection and in some cases
can provide a beam prepared in a particular isomeric state. This unique production device is coupled to powerful mass
separators from which are extracted high intensity radioactive beams of high isotopic and often isobaric purity. More than 600
isotopes with half-1ives down to milliseconds of almost 70 elements (Z=2 to 88) have been produced at intensities up to 1011
atoms per mA proton beam.
The target and ion source must be held at a precise voltage with respect to a grounded extraction electrode to provide the
requisite acceleration. If there is to be high mass resolution in the downstream separator it is extremely important that there be
exceptional stability of this accelerating voltage. The target, ion source and extraction electrode are in vacuum and the vacuum
tank of the target is raised to full accelerating potential. The impacting proton beam in the target ionises the air. This ionisation
can perturb the accelerating voltage because it represents a significant additional load on the power supply.
C oncern over this risk and the major problem of voltage stabilisation prompted the proposal that the accelerating voltage should
be modulated to zero for the critical period when protons would be striking the target. Agreement was reached that this would
be acceptable provided that the stable accelerating voltage of 60 kV +/- 1 V would be interrupted for less than 10 ms, so still
allowing the detection of very short life-time radio isotopes. Beam gating would be required to prevent ion beams entering the
separator for the entire period that the accelerating voltage was modulated from its stable value.
Actually, the circuit topology of the target negative voltage modulator is based on a custom-built positive high-voltage d.c.
power supply (60 kV) connected, through a pulse transformer and a hard-tube (tyratron), to a resonant circuit such that prior to
beam impact the target is fully discharged to zero by the resonant circuit in about 35µs, remains close enough to zero during
beam impact, does not over-swing by more than 2.5 kV during recovery and finally, and of greatest importance, returns to its
nominal value +/- 1 V within 6 ms [1]. This circuit topology is proven to satisfy the voltage recovery time and stability
constraints. The target is simulated considering a RC parallel circuit.
For positive radioactive beams the acceleration voltage is positive, in this case the actual modulator (based on pulse transformer
and a hard tube switching) has a recovery time less than 10 ms and a good stability afterwards, however for negative beams
the actual modulator recovery time is in the order of 50 ms, being excessive for production a stable beam of very short life-time
radio isotopes. Also, the actual equivalent model of the target is not accurate and doesn’t allow for precise circuit simulations.
However, recent physics requests for negative ion beams have required the installation of a commercial negative 60kV d.c.
power supply. Experiences during two-week negative ion runs have shown that whilst the d.c. stability of the negative power
supply is within specification, the recovery time to the required stability level is of the order of 50ms, well outside the maximum
10ms required.
In addition, recent use of new ion sources using so-called converter targets have substantially increased the resistive loading
seen by the positive power supply immediately following proton beam impact. An observed consequence is that with maximum
beam intensity and certain types of converter targets the recovery time exceeds the maximum required. Increased use of
converter targets is envisaged in the future, as well as, the beam power increase in the future for the HIE-ISOLDE (High
Intensity and Energy ISOLDE) will inevitably lead to degradation of the target modulators performance.
After the identification of a number of requirements for the new modulator, a new circuit topology was developed and
successfully simulated during the first project year. At this moment, when five months still remain from the end of the second
year project, a 10 kV range circuit prototype is being assembled at Lisbon. C onsidering the complexity of scaling all the
parameters of the circuit from 10 kV do 60 kV, and that some questions are being raised during the construction of the 10 kV
prototype, the research team decided (even before the 10 kV is finish) to start working on a higher voltage intermediate
prototype, about 30 kV, for testing different characteristics and materials (semiconductors and capacitors with a voltage range
similar to the final circuit) for the proposed circuit. The material, including the high voltage semiconductors and capacitors, are
being purchased and we hope to begin the assembling of this new prototype at C ERN by September.
Hence, till the end of the second year two prototypes are being assembled at two different locations, with different voltage
ranges, in order to test different operating conditions. This is possible considering the two teams of physics and engineers that
are working in Lisbon and at C ERN. In both it is fundamental the two project FC T/grant students that are in Lisbon and the one
AdI student that is at C ERN.
The objective of assembling two prototypes is the following:
C onsidering the first prototype, a 10 kV range circuit, with two semiconductor switches, in series and in parallel with the load,
based on ten stages Marx circuits. The series circuits connects and disconnects the load and the parallel switch discharges the
load to zero and charges it again to the desirable voltage to be controlled by a HV power supply. Besides the general functioning
of the circuit, we want to test the feasibility of ten stages Marx generator and the associated problems, and also how a series
Marx generator behaves. In this case we use 1200 kV semiconductor, IGBTs and diodes, and capacitors.
In the second prototype, a 30 kV range circuit, a couple of important changes were made. The series switch is replaced by a
unique device, a Behlke 70 kV MOSFET switch (this switch is made of several MOSFETs in series but with a unique control with
galvanic insulation). The parallel switch, a Marx generator, is made with 6 stages with 5 kV each, also, with Behlke 8 kV MOSFET
switches. The capacitors used have also an 8 kV voltage range.
The first prototype is being assembled and the second prototype is still waiting for the HV devices (switches and capacitors) to
begin assembling.
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C onsidering the AdI grant engineer, ADI reference: SFRH/BEST/33423/2008, this is a student that was contract to work closely
with the C ERN team, being supervised by the section leader and of the Fast Pulsed Magnets (KPS) Section, from the Beam
Transfer (BT) group involved in the PS complex of the Accelerators and Beams Department (AB), Tony Fowler, a member of this
project. During the first months he gather information concerning the ISOLDE and the voltage target modulator, several
measurements, simulation and analysis were made related to the existing system (a report was written that is attach to this
proposal).
Additionally, he participated in several projects undergoing in the team (such as, Tail C lipper - pre-running tests; LSS6 –
Analysis of magnetic field with a capacitive probe), in order to acquire know-how and skills, namely, in high-voltage pulse
generators, which is essential for the construction of the new 60 kV ISOLDE voltage target modulator.
For this third year the objectives are:
1. Start assembling the 60 kV modulator circuit, considering the results of the tests conducted in the two prototypes;
2. Begin testing modulator circuit with the off-line ISOLDE target, during static and dynamic conditions;
3. Transfer the developed technology for other potential applications and introduce students and young researchers to this
interdisciplinary applications oriented field, given the conditions to establish a self supported infrastructure for technology
transfer for real in-situ applications.
The proposed objectives are possible if we are able to increase the team working effort at C ERN, and in parallel continue with
the number of people included in the Lisbon research team. Taking into account that the high-voltage apparatus is assemble at
C ERN, where the majority of the material and human condition are to handle this range of high voltage. We hope to assist the
work at C ERN, by assembling some parts of the circuit in Lisbon, mainly the control parts associated with the semiconductor
triggering circuits.
3.2.3. Tarefas
3.2.3. Tasks
Lista de tarefas (3)
Task list (3)
Designação da tarefa
Ta sk de nom ina tion
Assemble of the 60 kV modulator circuit
Descrição da tarefa e Resultados Esperados
Data de início
Data de fim
Duração
Pessoas * mês
Sta rt da te
End da te
Dura tion
Pe rson * m onths
01-11-2009
31-07-2010
9
45
Ta sk de scription a nd Ex pe cte d re sults
The goal of this task is to develop the new solid-state based topology for the positive 60 kV modulator circuit of the on-line
isotope separator ISOLDE target voltage. Obtain an output voltage ripple, ± 1 V, which satisfy the stability constraints, within a
time less than the actual 6 ms.
Start assembling the 60 kV modulator circuit, considering the results of the tests conducted in the two modulator prototypes that
are under construction.
In the first prototype, a 10 kV range circuit, with two semiconductor switches, in series and in parallel with the load, based on ten
stages Marx circuits. The series circuits connects and disconnects the load and the parallel switch discharges the load to zero and
charges it again to the desirable voltage to be controlled by a HV power supply. Besides the general functioning of the circuit, the
feasibility of ten stages Marx generator and the associated problems are being tested, and also how a series Marx generator
behaves. In this situation 1200 kV semiconductor, IGBTs and diodes, and capacitors are used. This circuit is being built by the
Lisbon team.
In the second prototype, a 30 kV range circuit, a couple of important changes have been introduced. The series switch is
replaced by a unique device, a Behlke 70 kV MOSFET switch (this switch is made of several MOSFETs in series but with a unique
control with galvanic insulation). The parallel switch, a Marx generator, is made with 6 stages with 5 kV each, also, with Behlke 8
kV MOSFET switches. The capacitors used have also an 8 kV voltage range. This circuit is being built by the C ERN team.
The question with lower range prototypes is how we can be sure that the results obtain with a lower voltage circuit scale to
higher voltages. This is mainly due to the operating mode of the devise when handling different voltages and current and to the
parasites elements (capacitance and inductances) associated with the electrical circuits that increase their effect with higher
voltages and currents.
The complexity in the system examined, is not the topology investigates, but instead the very higher precision needed at
dynamic condition when operating at very high voltage.
In the next year project, the results of the operation of the two prototypes (10kV and 30 kV voltage range), is going to be
analyzed, afterwards we will begin assembling the 60 kV circuit using the same semiconductors and capacitors, as used in the 30
kV prototype. Additionally, the type of series switch (a higher voltage unique switch of a Marx generator multi switches), and the
number of stages used in the parallel Marx generator switch will be chosen accordingly with the results of the two prototypes.
The high voltage equipment, which includes the power supply, semiconductors and capacitors connections to the load are going
to be assembled by the C ERN team. The low voltage triggering control of the semiconductors is going to be connected by the
Lisbon team, and then installed at C ERN with all of the equipment.
Very good coordination will be needed in order to do this, being possible by increasing the C ERN team working effort, which was
added by an AdI grant Portuguese engineer, specially hired for this project, who has now the needed skills for assisting the high
voltage connection, after one year of practice in the Fast Pulsed Magnets (KPS) Section, from the Beam Transfer (BT) group
involved in the PS complex of the Accelerators and Beams Department (AB). Their expertise and skills, namely, in high-voltage
pulse generators are essential for the construction of the new 60 kV ISOLDE voltage target modulator.
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In parallel, if we can maintain the number of people included in the Lisbon research team, which now includes two FC T grant
students hired for this project, the control parts associated with the semiconductor triggering circuits will be assembled.
Membros da equipa de investigação nesta tarefa
Mem bers of the rese a rch te a m in this ta sk
(BI) Bolseiro de Investigação (Lic. ou Bacharel) 1; (BI) Bolseiro de Investigação (Lic. ou Bacharel) 2; C arlos Manuel Araujo
Mendes; Hiren C anacsinh; Jan Schipper; José Fernando Alves da Silva; Luis José Lamy Rocha da Encarnação; Luis Manuel dos
Santos Redondo; Nuno Filipe Fernandes Ferrão; Rúdi Henrique C avaleiro Soares; Tony Fowler;
Data de início
Data de fim
Duração
Pessoas * mês
Technology transfer and students inte...
Sta rt da te
End da te
Dura tion
Pe rson * m onths
01-11-2009
31-10-2010
12
9,2
The goal of this task is to transfer technology from Portugal to C ERN and vice-versa. Incorporate students in the research area
of pulsed power and instrumentation.
The technology transfer is achieve by developing conceptually the circuits in Portugal and exports this ideas to be implemented
in other places such as C ERN. Here there are other technological and human capabilities to apply the concepts in the form of
large equipments, where the techniques are then import back to be applied in Portugal.
In this technological transfer flow is essential to introduce students in the various stages of developing, as in the designing,
developing, construction and operation the equipment.
C onsidering this project the circuit was developed by the Lisbon research team following the discussing with the C ERN research
team, and is going to by assembled finally at C ERN with the cooperation of the two teams. There are students working in Lisbon
(two FC T grant students) and at C ERN (AdI grant engineer, ADI reference: SFRH/BEST/33423/2008), and during the project
either have the opportunity to participate in the tasks.
In this way there will be a good opportunity to develop the installed technological potential in Portugal by installing working
equipment at C ERN, in this case in the area of Pulsed Power and Instrumentation, which is an area research applied with various
industrial applications.
José C arvalho Soares; José Fernando Alves da Silva; Luis Manuel dos Santos Redondo; Manuel Ribeiro da Silva; Maria José
Ribeiro Gomes; Tony Fowler;
Data de início
Data de fim
Duração
Pessoas * mês
Test the modulator circuit in the off...
Start da te
End da te
Duration
Pe rson * m onths
01-08-2010
31-10-2010
3
40,6
The goal of this task is to connect the 60 kV modulator assembled in the first task to the off-line ISOLDE target to obtain an
output voltage ripple of ± 1 V within less than 6 ms, which satisfy the voltage recovery time and stability constraints, and is
faster than the results obtain with the actual modulator..
C onsidering that the assembling task of the 60 kV modulator is finished, the circuit should be connected to the off-line ISOLDE
target to test all the different operating conditions and to set all the parameters of the new circuit in order to match the desirable
results.
(BI) Bolseiro de Investigação (Lic. ou Bacharel) 1; (BI) Bolseiro de Investigação (Lic. ou Bacharel) 2; C arlos Manuel Araujo
Mendes; Hiren C anacsinh; Jan Schipper; João Paulo Machado Mendes; José Fernando Alves da Silva; Luis Manuel dos Santos
Redondo; Maria José Ribeiro Gomes; Nuno Filipe Fernandes Ferrão; Rúdi Henrique C avaleiro Soares; Tony Fowler;
3.2.4. Calendarização e Gestão do Projecto
3.2.4. Project Timeline and Management
3.2.4.a Descrição da Estrutura de Gestão
3.2.4.a Description of the Ma nage m e nt Structure
The structure of this project is design in three major tasks that will be executed throughout the 12 months of project duration.
Task 2 covers all project period because is related to the coordination of the project, the transfer of technology and the student
scholarship. Task 1 is the most important and gives the output to the last Task 3.
The project is based on the work of two research teams, the one in Lisbon more fundamental research oriented and the other in
C ERN more applied research oriented. The work of both teams is organized during the project by the analysis of the results in
regular meetings and reports, organized by the PI, to discuss and inform all the members about the work that is being done in
each place in order to have a full collaboration from all the members and to discuss the way to go.
Initially, and after several meetings at C ERN and in Lisbon, the equipment has been designed; afterwards the first low voltage
prototype has been developed in Lisbon. With the evolution of the work, the C ERN team is getting more occupied with the
experimental task of assembling the high voltage prototype.
3.2.4.b Lista de Milestones
3.2.4.b Mile stone List
Data
Designação da milestone
Da te
Mile stone de nom ination
31-07-2010
60 kV circuit operating
Descrição
De scription
This Milestone corresponds to the conclusion of the 60 kV circuit prototype assembling for the target voltage modulator.
Data
Designação da milestone
7/14
12-10-2009
g
ç
Da te
Mile stone de nom ination
31-10-2010
60 kV circuit tests
Descrição
De scription
This Milestone correspond to the connection of the 60 kV circuit prototype to off-line ISOLDE target and the first experimental
tests.
3.2.4.c Cronograma
3.2.4.c Tim e line
Ficheiro com a designação "timeline.pdf", no 9. Ficheiros Anexos, desta Visão Global (caso exista).
File with the name "timeline.pdf" at 9. Attachments (if exists).
3.3. Referências Bibliográficas
3.3. Bibliographic References
Referência
Ano
Publicação
R e fe re nce
Ye ar
Publica tion
[1]
1992
D.C . Fiander, A. Fowler, “A 60 KV Modulator for the target voltage of an On-line Isotope
Separator” in C onference Record of the 20th Power Modulator Symposium, 1992, pp.
173-176.
[2]
2008
L. M. Redondo; H. C anacsinh; J. Fernando Silva, “ New Repetitive Bipolar Solid-State
Marx Type Modulator”, IEEE International Power Modulators and High Voltage C onference,
Proceedings of the 2008, Las Vegas, US, 27-31 May 2008, pp. 253-256.
[3]
2009
L. M. Redondo; J. Fernando Silva, “Flyback Versus Forward Switching Power Supply
Topologies For Unipolar Pulsed-Power Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Plasma
Science, Jan. 2009, vol. 37, no.1, pp. 171-178.
[4]
2008
J. Fernando Silva, L. M. Redondo, H. C anacsinh “High Voltage Generic Pulse Modulator”,
Portuguese Patent, PT 104 081, 2008.
[5]
2006
L. M. Redondo, J. Fernando Silva, E. Margato, P. Tavares, “High-Frequency, High-Voltage
Pulse Generators, based only on semiconductors, with possibility for transformer
connection”, Portuguese Patent, PT 103 150, 2006.
[6]
1996
W. Ensinger, “Plasma immersion ion implantation for metallurgical and semiconductor
research and development”, in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research B 120
(1996) 270-281.
[7]
1998
M. Gaudreau, J. C asey, T. Hawkey, J. Mulvaney, M. Kempkes, “Solid-State Pulsed Power
Systems”, in Twenty Third International Power Modulator Symposium, Rancho Mirage, C A
June 1998.
[8]
1999
O. Maulat, M. Roche, F. Le C oeur, Y. Arnal, J. Pelletier, O. Lesaint, “A new line of high
voltage – high current pulse generators for PBII”, in J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 17, 879
(1999).
[9]
2001
L. M. Redondo, E. Margato, J. Fernando Silva, “A new method to build a high voltage pulse
supply using only semiconductor switches for plasma immersion ion implantation”, in
Surface and C oatings Technology, vol. 136/1-3, pp. 51-54 (2001).
[10]
1995
J. Klein, M. Padberg, “A modular low-cost, high-voltage pulse generator that is highly
effective in terms of pulse energy and repetition frequency”, in Meas. Sci. Technol. 6
(1995) 550-553.
[11]
1989
Willis, W. L.: “Pulse-Voltage C ircuits”, C hapter 3 de “High Power electronics”, Editor
Dollinger, R. E.; Sarjeant, W. James, Tab Books Inc., 1st Edition, 1989, ISBN 0-83069094-8.
[12]
2003
Ghasemi, Z.; Macgregor, S.; Anderson, J.; Lamont, Y., “Development of an integrated
solid-state generator for light inactivation of food-related pathogenic bacteria”, in Meas.
Sci. Technology, Vol. 14, pp. N26-N32, 2003.
[13]
2001
] O’Loughlin, J.; Lehr, J.; Loree, D., “High repetition rate charging a Marx type generator”,
in Pulse Power Plasma Science, IEEE C onference, Digest of Technical Papers, Vol. 1, pp.
242-245, June 2001.
[14]
1999
Okamura, K.; Kuroda, S.; Maeyama, M., “Development of the high repetitive impulse
voltage generator using semiconductor switches”, in 12th Pulsed Power C onference,
Digest Of technical Papers, Vol. 2, pp. 27-30, 1999.
[15]
1994
Rai, V.N.; Shukla, M.; Khardekar, R.K., “A transistorized Marx Bank circuit providing subnanosecond high-voltage pulses”, in Meas. Sci. Technology, Vol. 5, pp. 447-449, 1994.
[16]
1986
Vardigans, S.V.G.; C ogan, D., “A bipolar pulse tester for semiconductor devices”, in J.
Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., Vol. 19, pp. 1016-1019, 1986.
[17]
2005
L.M. Redondo, J. Fernando Silva, P. Tavares and E. Margato, “All Silicon Marx-bank
Topology for High-voltage, High-frequency Rectangular Pulses”, in Proceedings of the
2005 IEEE 36th Annual Power Electronics Specialists C onference, pp. 1170-1174.
3.4. Publicações Anteriores
3.4. Past Publications
8/14
12-10-2009
Referência
Ano
Publicação
R e fe re nce
Ye ar
Publica tion
[1]
1992
D.C. Fiander, A. Fowler, “A 60 KV Modulator for the target voltage of an On-line
Isotope Separator” in Conference Record of the 20th Power Modulator
Symposium, 1992, pp. 173-176.
[2]
2008
L. M. Redondo; H. Canacsinh; J. Fernando Silva, “ New Repetitive Bipolar SolidState Marx Type Modulator”, IEEE International Power Modulators and High
Voltage Conference, Proceedings of the 2008, Las Vegas, US, 27-31 May 2008,
pp. 253-256.
[3]
2009
L. M. Redondo; J. Fernando Silva, “Flyback Versus Forward Switching Power
Supply Topologies For Unipolar Pulsed-Power Applications”, IEEE Transactions
on Plasma Science, Jan. 2009, vol. 37, no.1, pp. 171-178.
2001
L. M. Redondo, E. Margato, J. Fernando Silva, “A new method to build a high
voltage pulse supply using only semiconductor switches for plasma immersion
ion implantation”, in Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 136/1-3, pp. 51-54
(2001).
2005
L.M. Redondo, J. Fernando Silva, P. Tavares and E. Margato, “All Silicon Marxbank Topology for High-voltage, High-frequency Rectangular Pulses”, in
Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE 36th Annual Power Electronics Specialists
Conference, pp. 1170-1174.
[9]
[17]
4. Equipa de investigação
–
4. Research team
4.1 Lista de membros
4.1. Members list
Nome
Função
Grau académico
Na m e
R ole
Acade m ic de gre e
%tempo
CV nuclear
%tim e
C ore C V
Luis Manuel dos Santos Redondo
Inv. Responsável
DOUTORAMENTO
José Carvalho Soares
Investigador
AGREGAÇ ÃO
José Fernando Alves da Silva
Investigador
AGREGAÇ ÃO
Manuel Ribeiro da Silva
Investigador
DOUTORAMENTO
Maria José Ribeiro Gomes
Investigador
DOUTORAMENTO
Carlos Manuel Araujo Mendes
Bolseiro
MESTRADO
Nuno Filipe Fernandes Ferrão
Bolseiro
MESTRADO
Hiren Canacsinh
Outro
MESTRADO
Jan Schipper
Outro
LIC ENC IATURA
João Paulo Machado Mendes
Outro
LIC ENC IATURA
Luis José Lamy Rocha da Encarnação
Outro
MESTRADO
Rúdi Henrique Cavaleiro Soares
Outro
LIC ENC IATURA
Tony Fowler
Outro
BAC HARELATO
(O curriculum vitae de cada membro da equipa está disponível clicando no nome correspondente)
✓
☓
✓
☓
☓
☓
☓
☓
☓
☓
☓
☓
☓
35
10
25
25
10
100
100
35
25
50
50
100
25
(Curriculum vitae for each research team member is available by clicking on the corresponding name)
Total: 13
4.2. Lista de membros a contratar durante a execução do projecto
4.2. Members list to hire during project"s execution
Membro da equipa
Função
Duração
Te a m m e m be r
Role
Dura tion
(BI) Bolseiro de Investigação (Lic. ou Bacharel) 1
(BI) Bolseiro de Investigação (Lic. ou Bacharel) 2
Total: 2
Bolseiro
Bolseiro
12
12
%tempo
%tim e
100
100
5. Projectos financiados
–
5. Funded projects
Lista de projectos financiados
Funded proje cts list
Referência
Título
Estado
R e fe re nce
Title
Sta tus
CERN/FP/83497/2008
Desenvolvimento dum modulador ...
POCI/FP/81932/2007
Desenvolvimento dum modulator ...
QREN nº.1600 - A2P2
Aplicações Avançadas em Potênc...
(Os detalhes de cada projectos estão disponíveis clicando na referência correspondente)
Em curso
C oncluído
Em curso
(Details for each project are available by clicking on the corresponding reference)
Total: 3
6. Indicadores previstos
–
9/14
12-10-2009
p
6. Expected indicators
Indicadores de realização previstos para o projecto
Expected output indicators
Descrição
De scription
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A - Publicações
Publica tions
Livros
Book s
Artigos em revistas internacionais
Pa pe rs in inte rna tiona l journa ls
Artigos em revistas nacionais
Pa pe rs in na tiona l journals
B - Comunicações
C om m unications
C omunicações em encontros científicos internacionais
C om m unications in inte rna tiona l m e e tings
C omunicações em encontros científicos nacionais
C om m unications in na tiona l m e e tings
C - Relatórios
R e ports
D - Organização de seminários e conferências
O rga niza tion of sem ina rs and confe re nce s
E - Formação avançada
Adva nce d training
Teses de Doutoramento
PhD the se s
Teses de Mestrado
Maste r the ses
Outras
O the rs
F - Modelos
Mode ls
G - Aplicações computacionais
Softwa re
H - Instalações piloto
Pilot pla nts
I - Protótipos laboratoriais
Prototypes
J - Patentes
Pate nts
L - Outros
O the r
Acções de divulgação da actividade científica
Scientific activity spreading actions
Besides spreading actions to the scientific community, conferences and journal papers, we intend to divulge the activity related
with this project to other communities, such as students. This is achieved by participating in seminars and workshops, plus,
national meetings that divulge pulsed power applications and technology, as well as,
the Portuguese collaborations with C ERN.
Additionally, it is considered to begin the first Portuguese web page devoted to pulsed power technology and applications.
7. Orçamento
–
7. Budget
Instituição Proponente
Principa l C ontra ctor
Fundação da Universidade de Lisboa
Descrição
De scription
Recursos Humanos
Hum a n re source s
Missões
Missions
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
11.000,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 11.000,00
10/14
12-10-2009
C onsultores
C onsulta nts
Aquisição de bens e serviços
Se rvice procure m ent a nd a cquisitions
Registo de patentes
Pa te nt re gistra tion
Adaptação de edifícios e instalações
Ada pta tion of buildings a nd fa cilitie s
Gastos gerais
O verhea ds
TOTAL DESPESAS CORRENTES
TO TAL C UR RENT EXPENSES
Equipamento
Equipm e nt
Total
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
8.000,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
8.000,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
10.378,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 10.378,00
0,00 29.378,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 29.378,00
0,00
32.891,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 32.891,00
0,00 62.269,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 62.269,00
Instituições Participantes
Pa rticipa ting Institutions
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa
Descrição
De scription
Recursos Humanos
Hum a n re source s
Missões
Missions
C onsultores
C onsulta nts
Registo de patentes
Gastos gerais
O verhea ds
Equipamento
Equipm e nt
Total
2009
2010
2011
2012
5.210,00
15.030,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 20.240,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1.042,00
3.006,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
4.048,00
6.252,00 18.036,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 24.288,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
6.252,00 18.036,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 24.288,00
0,00
2013
Total
0,00
Orçamento Global
Globa l budge t
Descrição
De scription
Recursos Humanos
Hum a n re source s
Missões
Missions
C onsultores
C onsulta nts
Registo de patentes
Gastos gerais
O verhea ds
Equipamento
Equipm e nt
2009
2010
2011
2012
5.210,00
15.030,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 20.240,00
0,00
11.000,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 11.000,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
8.000,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
8.000,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1.042,00
13.384,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 14.426,00
6.252,00 47.414,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 53.666,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 32.891,00
0,00
32.891,00
2013
Total
11/14
12-10-2009
Total
6.252,00 80.305,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 86.557,00
2013
Plano de financiamento
Fina nce pla n
Descrição
2009
2010
2011
2012
6.252,00
80.305,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 86.557,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
6.252,00 80.305,00
0,00
0,00
0,00 86.557,00
De scription
Financiamento solicitado à FC T
R e que sted funding
Financiamento próprio
O wn funding
Outro financiamento público
O the r public-se ctor funding
Outro financiamento privado
O the r priva te funding
Total do Projecto
Tota l of the proje ct
Total
8. Justificação do orçamento
–
8. Budget rationale
8.1. Justificação dos recursos humanos
8.1. Hum an re source s ra tiona le
Tipo
Nº de pessoas
Type
No. of pe rsons
(BI) Bolsa de Investigação (Lic. ou Bacharel)
2
Duração (em meses)
Custo envolvido (€) (calculado)
Outros custos (€)
Dura tion (in m onths)
Tota l cost (€) (estimated)
O the r costs (€)
12
17.880,00
2.360,00
Justificação do financiamento solicitado
R a tiona le for re queste d funding
The integration of students is essential in order to develop the experimental part of the project, which is very time
consuming: assembling and testing of electrical circuits.
Due to the electronics and physics level of the knowledge involved, it is better to integrate students with more than 3 years
scholarship, in particular, students making the Master degree thesis.
8.2. Justificação de missões
8.2. Missions ra tiona le
Tipo
Nº de deslocações
Type
No. of pa rticipa tions
Participação em congressos
2
Local
Custo envolvido (€)
Ve nue
Cost (€)
United States
5.000,00
Participation on conferences with presentation of work. Fee, traveling and subsistence allowance estimation. Fruitful discussions
with colleagues and exchange of information about the ongoing work are essential for a good project visibility. This can be
achieved through the participation in different scientific events. The most important
conference in the field of pulsed power are organized in the USA, like the Pulsed Power C onference and the Power Modulator
C onference.
Tipo
Nº de deslocações
Type
No. of pa rticipa tions
Trabalho de campo
4
Local
Custo envolvido (€)
Ve nue
C ost (€)
ISOLDE/C ERN
6.000,00
This is will be needed to development collaboration work with the other project members at ISOLDE, related to the development
of the target voltage modulator, depending on the annual schedule. Single week estimated costs (hotel and food) plus travel
Portugal-C ERN/swiss.
8.3. Justificação de consultores
8.3. Consulta nts ra tiona le
(Vazio)
(Void)
8.4. Justificação de aquisição de bens e serviços
12/14
12-10-2009
8.4. Service procure m e nt a nd a cquisitions
Tipo
Custo (€)
Type
Cost (€)
High-voltage prototype assembling and test
3.000,00
Estimated cost for general Modulator prototype equipment external workshop. There are some electronic parts of the modulator
that must be built in specialized offices. Like the pcb boards.
Tipo
Custo (€)
Type
Cost (€)
Various Electronic C omponents and other expenses
5.000,00
For the 60 kV modulator circuit, besides the high-voltage components there is the need for the low voltage components for the
control circuit and other current expenses.
8.6. Justificação do Equipamento
8.6. Equipm e nt ra tiona le
8.6.1. Equipamento já disponível para a execução do projecto
8.6.1 Availa ble e quipm e nt
Tipo de equipamento
Fabricante
Modelo
Ano
Equipm e nt type
Ma nufa cture r
Mode l
Ye ar
Several
2009
Laboratory associated with the Fast
Pulsed Magnets (KPS) Section, from
the Beam Transfer (BT) group
Several
involved in the PS complex of the
Accelerators and Beams Department
(AB)
Tipo de equipamento
Fabricante
Modelo
Ano
Equipm e nt type
Ma nufa cture r
Mode l
Ye ar
Workbench electronics at ISEL
electronics laboratory
Several
Several
2009
Custo (€)
8.6.2. Discriminação do equipamento a adquirir
8.6.2. Ne w e quipm e nt re que ste d
Tipo de equipamento
Fabricante
Modelo
Equipm e nt type
Ma nufa cture r
Mode l
C ost (€)
Laptop
Dell
D630C
3.000,00
C ost estimated for two new personal computers to accomplish the work conditions necessary to handle the project
propose, also, taking into consideration that the work involve the traveling of people to C ERN.
Tipo de equipamento
Fabricante
Modelo
Custo (€)
Equipm e nt type
Ma nufa cture r
Mode l
C ost (€)
MOSFET Push-Pull Switch
BEHLKE
HTS-81-03-GSM
20.160,00
For the 60 kV modulator circuit, the parallel switch Marx generator uses 10 stages, 6 kV each, to achieve the desirable voltage.
Each stage includes one 8 kV MOSFET Push-Pull Switch, 10 total. In this project the cost proposed is for 11 modules, with 20 %
VAT included.
The price of each is 1527.20 euros, without VAT.
Tipo de equipamento
Fabricante
Modelo
Custo (€)
Equipm e nt type
Ma nufa cture r
Mode l
C ost (€)
Fast Diode Assembley
BEHLKE
FDA 100-75
3.725,00
Each stage includes one 8 kV Diode, 10 total. In this project the cost proposed is 3725, with 20 % VAT included.
The price of each is 282.2 euros, without VAT.
Tipo de equipamento
Fabricante
Modelo
Equipm e nt type
Ma nufa cture r
Mode l
Custo (€)
C ost (€)
Pulsed Power C apacitors
AMS TEC HNOLOGIES
DE- 37600
6.006,00
13/14
12-10-2009
Each stage includes one 8 kV capacitor, 10 total. In this project the cost proposed is 6006, with 20 % VAT included.
The price of each is 455 euros, without VAT.
8.7. Justificação de registo de patentes
8.7. Pate nt registration
(Vazio)
(Void)
8.8. Justificação de adaptação de edifícios e instalações
8.8. Ada ptation of buildings a nd fa cilitie s
(Vazio)
(Void)
9. Ficheiros Anexos
–
9. Attachments
Nome
Tamanho
Na m e
Size
timeline.pdf
24Kb
12-10-2009 12:05:02
Financiado por f undos estrut urais da UE e f undos nacionais do MCTES
14/14

fct : projectos de investigação científica e desenvolvimento tecnológico

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