Transport of Ozone to the Surface by Convective

ABSTRACT
ANDREAE ET AL.
Towards an Understanding of the Biogeochemical Cycling of
Carbon, Water, Energy, Trace Gases and Aerosols in Amazonia: The
LBA-EUSTACH experiments
M. O. ANDREAE(1), P. E. ARTAXO(2), C. BRANDÃO(3), F. E. CARSWELL(4,5),
P. CICCLIOLI(6), A. L. DA COSTA(7), A. D. CULF(8), J. L. ESTEVES(9), J. H. C. GASH(8), J.
GRACE(4), P. KABAT(10), J. LELIEVELD(1), Y. MALHI(4), A. O. MANZI(11), F. X.
MEIXNER(1), A. D. NOBRE(12), C. NOBRE(11), M. DE L. P. RUIVO(13),
M. A. F. SILVA DIAS(14), P. SREFANI(15), R. VALENTINI(15),
J. VON JOUANNE(1), M. J. WATERLOO(10)
(1) Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
(2) Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, 05508-900,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
(3) IBAMA, São Cristóvão 1, Bairro 2 de Abril, 78960-000, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brazil
(4) Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road,
Edinburgh EH9 3JU, United Kingdom
(5) Landcare Research, P. O. Box 69, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand
(6) Instituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosférico C. N. R., Área della Ricerca di Roma, Via Salaria
Km. 29,300, Casella postale 10, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
(7) Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 1,
Campus Básico, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
(8) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
(9) Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), Avenida 2 de abril, s/n,
Bairro Urupá, Caixa Postal 113, Ji-Paraná, RO, Brazil
(10) ALTERRA, Droevendaalseweg 3, Wageningen, The Netherlands
(11) Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos CPTEC-INPE, Caixa Postal 01, 12630-000,
Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil
(12) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
(13) Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
(14) Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226,
05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
(15) Department of Forest Sciences and Resources, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis,
I-01100, Viterbo, Italy
ABSTRACT
The biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energyu, aerosols, and trace gases in the Amazon Basin was
investigated in the project LBA-EUSTACH (EUropean Studies on Trace gases and Atmospheric CHemistry as a
contribution to the Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia). We present an overview of the desing
of the project, the measurement sites and methods, and the meteorological conditions during the experiment. The main
results from LBA-EUSTACH are: Eddy correlation studies in three regions of the Amazon Basin consistently show a
large carbon sink in the undisturbed rainforest. Nitrogen emitted by forest soils is subject to chemical cycling within the
canopy space, which results in uptake of a large fraction of NOX by the vegetation. The forest vegetation is both a sink
and source of volatile organic compounds, with deposition being particularly important for partially oxidized organics.
Concentrations of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei are highly seasonal, with a pronounced maximum in the dry
(burning) season. High CCN concentrations from biomass burning have a pronounced impact on cloud microphysics,
rainfall production mechanisms, and probably on large-scale climate dynamics
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