Tarifentwickung und Anreize für Photovoltaik in

Transcrição

Jennifer McIntosh, ISES Head of Secretariat
Tarifentwickung und Anreize für
Photovoltaik in Mexiko
© NREL Image Gallery
Jennifer McIntosh
ISES Head of Secretariat
May 2013
Photovoltaik in Mexiko – Ziele, Perspektiven und Geschäftsmöglichkeiten für deutsche Unternehmen - 23. Mai 2013, Berlin
ISES: Short Introduction
y Committed to 100% Renewable Energy for All used efficiently & wisely
y Non-profit UN-accredited membership NGO founded in USA in 1954
y Provide authoritative voice on renewable energy issues world-wide
y Global membership in over 100 countries, Sections around the world
y Mexico – Asociación Nacional de Energía Solar (ANES) founded 1980, approx.
900 individual and corporate members
y ISES Headquarters in Freiburg since 1995
y Individual & Corporate membership: solar energy professionals, industry, research,
architects, students…
y Support technology innovation & market opportunities
y Advocate for a sustainable global solar industry
y Promote energy access, workforce development, education at all levels
y Conferences, publications, partnerships, projects, communication initiatives
y Learn more at www.ises.org
PV in Mexico – General Overview
y Excellent solar
resource
y5 – 6 kWh/m2 day solar
radiation
yBest areas in Baja and
northern states
yAverage 1,825 kWh/m2 year
y25 km2 (0,7% land) of solar
panels would be sufficient to
generate electricity to meet
overall national
consumption today
y One of top 5 countries for
PV potential
y Geographic location
Source: SWERA
y Market dominated by small off-grid
rural electrification projects: 80,000
systems developed since 1980’s
y Current installed PV capacity of
about 52 MW
y About 50% growth in new
installations in 2012
y 2011 – USD 19.5 million value of
PV market
y 2009 - installed capacity of grid
connected systems greater than offgrid application
Source: ANES & IEA PVPS
Grid-Connected PV
y2010: 1,050 grid connected contracts for small and medium output at 5.5
MW
yPrivate households: ~ 1,290 kWp systems <10 kWp – net-metering,
greatest potential for PV development
yCommercial consumers: ~ 3,990 kWp, average size 40 kW, net-metering
for systems up to 30kW,
yPrivate Sector Electricity Producers: ~ 4,310 kWp, largest is 3,8 MW at
Aguascalientes, CRE is considering applications for 137.63 MW
yPublic customers: ~ 2,680 kWp not much growth expected in this sector
because government interest limited
Incentives - National Strategies
y Reduce Green House Gases from energy use by 35% by 2025
y 35% of electricity generation from nuclear & RE by 2024, 5% of from PV
y Diversify energy portfolio – current system reliant on fossil fuels (~90%),
mostly oil & gas (exporter)
y High investment needs for technology to improve energy supply – gap
between energy demand & supply
y Government assumes PV market will reach 2 GW by 2025
y 2008: LAERFTE - “Renewable Energy Development and Financing for
the Energy Transition Law”
y Regulates the use of RE and establishes national strategies & financing
instruments to scale-up RE electricity generation
y SENER and CRE (regulatory commission) responsible for refining
mechanisms & establishing legal instruments
y Create/Improve energy access for decentralized rural communities
Incentives – Regulatory Environment
y 1990’s Deregulation: Allowed for private businesses to enter
Mexico electricity generation market, but still under control of CFE
(state-run electric utility)
y Changes in regulation in last 5 years = more incentives for selfconsumption
y International companies (Walmart & Chrysler) investing in PV
systems for own facilities to cover part of electricity needs.
y Walmart - largest rooftop PV installation in Latin America (2009)
Incentives – Regulatory Environment
y 2007 – Net metering allows access to grid-market for systems under 500
kWp (credit against electricity bill). Anything greater requires special permit
with CRE (energy regulatory commission)
y < 10 kW for private users
y < 30 kW for commercial customer sector plants
Low output contracts
y < 500 kw for commercial customer sector in medium voltage grid (mediumoutput contracts
y CFE must back up all users through net metering
y Fast track procedure: systems up to 500 kW can interconnect and net
meter for self consumption
y Above 500 kW – interconnection requires special permit from CRE
(regulatory commission), also involves CFE (energy utility)
y Any private or public company can apply for these permits and forms are
available online on CRE website
Incentives
y Currently no subsidies or FiT schemes, but grid connected market is
growing & has huge potential
y Growing environmental awareness & high residential electricity tariffs for
households with higher consumption
y Electricity tariffs for large users = large scale projects yet to show up
y Tax incentives: 100% depreciation in same year renewable energy
equipment is installed & commissioned if used for company’s own needs
Source: DENA
Average Electricity Prices in 2011
2012
Households Small
Businesses
Service
Sector
Agriculture
SMEs
Large
scale
industry
0.06 €/kWh
0.13 €/kWh
0.04 €/kWh
0.10 €/kWh
0.08 €/kWh
0.18 €/kWh
Source: DENA
y Residential sector: electricity prices can range from 0.04 €/kWh to 0.24
€/kWh for more energy intensive households
y Largest growth expected in this sector
y Grid parity for DAC customers (Tarifa Doméstica de Alto Consumo) - high
residential consumers - already attainable when comparing electricity prices
with PV LCOE
y However for normal household customers and large scale
commercial/industrial customers, subsidized electricity prices well below
LCOEs
PV Manufacturing
y Most of PV modules in Latin America are manufactured in Mexico, 276 MW in
2012
y New technology clusters being developed at regional level, i.e. Senora
y PV companies from USA, Japan and Europe – assembly of PV modules in
Mexico, selling abroad
y 2 Mexican module manufacturers – 34 MW for export and domestic market
y Cost advantages in Mexico: low wages, free trade agreements with North
America and Europe
y No import duties on PV components
y All technical equipment (inverters, batteries, cables) must be imported
y Work force development needed to meet growing market demands: courses
offered by ANES and other organisations
y International companies partner with local companies to help deal with
bureaucratic hurdles, etc.
Conclusions & Outlook
y Net metering program for high-consumption household users & small
scale producers: Projected best growth area in coming years
y Self-consumption – attractive incentive for large scale commercial users
y Grid connected market ramping up but better support schemes would
help
y Decreasing costs of PV systems and better financing schemes needed
to expand markets
y Reduce administrative barriers and improving regulatory mechanisms
y Outlook will also depend on new government policies
y Better incentives to educate and train PV professionals needed
y Market is poised for expansion
Sources
y Asociación Nacional de Energía Solar (ANES) – www.anes.org
y „Study: Market Report Mexico: Photovoltaics“ – Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena)
Marktinformationssystem, December 2012, Berlin
y „Renewable Energies for Sustainable Development in Mexico“, SENER & GTZ, Mexico City, September 2009
y Oseguera, Oso, „Sunny Mexico: An Energy Opportunity“,, Green Tech Media www.greentechmedia.com, July
2010
y “AHK-Geschäftsreise Mexiko 09. -13. September 2013: Geschäftschance für deutsche Unternhemen im
Bereich Photovoltaik”, Deutsch-Mexikanische Industrie- und Handelskammer & Renewables Made in
Germany, Januar 2013
y IEA PVPS Report „A Snapshot of Global PV 1992 – 2012: Preliminary Report from the IEA PVPS
Programme“ 2012, www.iea-pvps.org
y „Solar PV Atlas: Solar Power in Harmony with Nature - Towards 100 percent renewable energy“ WWF Report
2012, www.panda.org
y Carlos Flores, „Mexico‘s PV Market: Poised to explode or eager to wait“, CONERMEX, September 2012
y Hall, Max, „Mexico is in pole position in the race for PV grid parity“, PV magazine, Nov. 2012, http://www.pvmagazine.com/news/details/beitrag/-mexico-is-in-pole-position-in-the-race-for-pv-gridparity_100009242/#ixzz2ROGuNCsb
y „FAQ: Mexico Solar Energy Sector“, ProMexico & CRE (Energy Regulatory Commission), Mexico, 2011
ISES Solar World Congress 2013
Renewables Working Together for All
y Dynamic Program: international
program with strong focus on Latin
America, expert plenary speakers
y Exhibition: Business & institutional
leaders
y Opportunities to network with
renewable energy professionals from
the region & around the world
3 - 7 November 2013
y Sponsoring & Exhibition
Opportunities: More information can
be found on Congress website
www.swc2013.org
Thank you for your attention!
See you in Cancún in November!
Jennifer McIntosh
[email protected]

Tarifentwickung und Anreize für Photovoltaik in

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