The Rhine Basin - Objectives and future tasks (Bley)

The Rhine BasinObjectives and future tasks
Peter Fuhrmann & Joachim Bley,
Ministry of Environment, Climate
Protection
and the Energy Sector
The Rhine river basin
The Rhine = 3rd biggest European river
200.000 km²
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The Rhine river basin
Inhabitants
58 Mio.
Drinking water
for 30 million people
Main stream
1230 km
Navigable
825 km from Basel/
Rheinfelden – Rotterdam
9 states
Italy, Austria, Liechtenstein,
Switzerland, France,
Germany, Belgium,
Luxemburg, the Netherlands
&: European Union
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Coblence – CIPR
1. Nov. 1986 (Schweizerhalle - CH) :
Sandoz accident
Fire, 10-30 t pesticides
flowed into the Rhine
 it caused the death of all
aquatic life downstream
12. Nov. 1986:
The Rhine ministers
unanimously
adopted the
„Rhine Action Programme“
to save the ecosystem
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Rhine Action Programme (1987 – 2000)
 Guarantee drinking water
 Reduce contamination
BASF Ludwigshafen
60 „Priority substances“: reduction by
50-70 % (19851995)
e. g. cadmium,
lead, mercury, dioxines…
Construction of basins
collecting fire extinction water
Warning and alert systems
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Warning and alert plan Rhine
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Results of the
Rhine Action Programme:
Oxygen and invertebrates
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Results of the Rhine Action Programme:
Monitoring of water quality
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Salmon 2000 - …an impossible target?
Reintroduction of the
vanished
Atlantic salmon
(† 1958)
into the Rhine
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Programme Rhine 2020: Salmon 2020
Until 2009:
5.638 salmons have returned to the Rhine
2020: A population of 7.000 – 21.000 salmon will migrate
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into the Rhine each year
Rhine Action Programme: overall result
 strong improvement of water quality
From a sewer into a living
river!
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Integrated management of the
Rhine river basin and european directives
ICPR: Programme “Rhine 2020” not legally binding
Surface water quality
Surface water quantity
Ecology
Groundwater quality and quantity
2000: EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)  legally binding
- Coordination unit: river basin
Target: „good status“ of rivers
(Chemical, biological (MZB, Macrophytes, Phytoplancton, Fish))
2007: EU Directive on the assessment and
management of floods (FD)
- Coordination unit: river basin
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Organisation ICPR:
Structure of the co-operation
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WFD Monitoring Results
Macrozoobenthos
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Makrophytes
Fishfauna
WFD - New Challenges
WFD 2000: EU- Water Framework Directivefrom water quality to basin-wide ecological river quality
 Hydromorhology  Fish life !!! (ecological flow, river
structure, river continuity, connection of the
breeding grounds to the main river Hydropower,
Water extraction)
 Diffuse pollution (Pesticides, P, PAH)
 Diffuse pollution (N)  Groundwater
 thermal load of the Rhine-River (Rhine model)
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Main Challenges
WFD 2000: EU- Water framework directivefrom water quality to ecological river quality
 Hydromorhology  Fish life !!! (ecological flow, river
structure, river continuity, connection of the
breeding grounds to the main river Hydropower,
Water extraction)
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„Masterplan for
fish-migration in the
Rhine-River“
Example: Salmon & sea trout
Source: ICPR
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„Salmon Programme Rivers“- Upper Rhine
2015
2015
Planning
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Hydromorphology
river continuity
Example:
Kinzig/Schutter
catchment
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Main Challenges
WFD 2000: EU- Water framework directive-
from water quality to ecological river quality
 Hydromorphology  Fish life !!! (ecological flow,
river structure, river continuity, connection of the
breeding grounds to the main river
Hydropower, Water extraction)
 Diffuse pollution (Pesticides, P, PAH)
 Diffuse pollution (N)  Groundwater
 thermal load of the Rhine-River (Rhine model)
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Chemical Status Rivers
Isoproturon
Mecoprop
Pesticides
MCPA
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Bentazon
AgroEnvironmental Programme –
Baden-Wuerttemberg
„MEKA, SchALVO“ (107 Mio. € per year)
„By choice“ water protection measures
„everywhere“
1 Point
= 10 €/ha*a
environmental friendly deployment of liquid
manure (towing pipe)
3
No ploughing up of grassland- no herbicides
2
No use of chemical- synthetical pesticides and
fertilizers
8
Perennial crops to be planted after harvest of
plants with high nitrogen-rests in field
9
Soil covering with plants in permanent crops
(100%, 70%, 40%)
9
Mulch seeding technique
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source: Berrer MLR
at 100%
6
Solving nutrient problems in intensively
used rivers- The Neckar example  P
Length:
367 km
Navigation, impounded: 203 km
5 Mio people in catchment,
HMWB
high P- sensitivity
Pegel:
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MNQ[m³/sek]
MQ [m³/sek]
HQ100 [m³/sek]
Plochingen
10,8
46,4
1145
Mannheim
42
145
2837
Status Waste Water Treatment
in Baden-Württemberg
 > 99 % of the population is connected to a sewer
system / waste water plant
 wastewater treatment plants : 990
all comply with 91/271
 public sewers ca. 50.000 kilometers
 94 % storm water treatment installations :ca. 6.900
  Total investments up to now ~ 15 bn Euro,
turnover ~ 1bn € per year
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P- reduction measures in BadenWuerttemberg
no measures (36%)
(o-PO4-P ≤ LAWA-Orientierungswert)
measures to be checked (55%)
measures necessary (9%)
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Example „Phosphorus – Neckar“
Neckar: 0,13 - 0,17 mg o-PO4-P/L
•
o-PO4-P Input: ca. 50% from municipal wastewater
treatment plants (485 t o-PO4-P/a)
•
WFD status: moderate
•
Objectives in BW:
 0,2 mg o-PO4-P/L in free flowing rivers, but
contribution to Neckar ?!
 0,1 mg o-PO4-P/L in impounded (HMWB) Neckar
between Plochingen und Mannheim
 necessary reduction : 485 t o-PO4-P/a
•
Questions :
 Reduction of P- load by reducing soil P- contents ?
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Possible reduction of P-load by improvement of
WWTP (> 91/271) ?
Moneris- Neckar EG
Phosphoreinträge in BG Neckar 1.584 [t P/a]
MONERIS-BW, Stand Juni 2008
Mittlere hydrologische Verhältnisse und Abwassersituation 2006
Industrielle
Direkteinleiter
1,4% 1,0%
Dezentrale
Abwasserbeh.
42,1%
Kommunale
Kläranlagen
Urb. Flächen
0,1% 9,7%
Atmosph.
Deposition
13,7%
Abschwemm.
Erosion
Drainage
Grundwasser
/Interflow
7,2% 1,2% 23,6%
Phosphateinträge in BG Neckar 958 [t PO4 -P/a]
MONERIS-BW, Stand Juni 2008
Mittlere hydrologische Verhältnisse und Abwassersituation 2006
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Industrielle
Direkteinleiter
1,4% 0,8%
Dezentrale
Abwasserbeh.
48,7%
Kommunale
Kläranlagen
Urb. Flächen
0,1% 9,7%
Atmosph.
Deposition
22,7%
Abschwemm.
Erosion
Drainage
Grundwasser
/Interflow
11,9% 1,9% 2,8%
P-Input reduction into Neckar by reducing soil P- contents
Frachten des pflanzenverfügbaren Anteils von Pges
Derzeitige Situation
Grundwasse
r einschl.
Interflow
113,8 t/a
12%
Drainage
n
Erosion
Abschwem
- mung
18,3 t/a 26,7 t/a 217,7 t/a
2%
3%
23%
Depositio
n (auf
Wasser)
0,9 t/a
0%
Urbane
Flächen
Kommunal
e SammelKläranlage
n (2006)
92,7 t/a 467,1 t/a
10%
49%
Dezentrale
Abwasserbehandlun
g
13,3 t/a
1%
Gesamt
Industrielle
NeckarDirekteinleite
Einzugsgebie
r (2002)
t
7,6 t/a
1%
958,2 t/a
100%
Frachten des pflanzenverfügbaren Anteils von Pges
Szenarium: Obergrenze für die Bodengehalte von P2O5 auf Ackerflächen = 24 mg/100g
Grundwasse
r einschl.
Interflow
Drainage
n
113,8 t/a 18,3 t/a
12%
2%
Verminderung
Erosion
Abschwem
- mung
26,1 t/a 206,2 t/a
3%
22%
0,6 t/a
11,5 t/a
Depositio
n (auf
Wasser)
Urbane
Flächen
Kommunal
e SammelKläranlage
n (2006)
Dezentrale
Abwasserbehandlun
g
0,9 t/a
0%
92,7 t/a
10%
467,1 t/a
49%
13,3 t/a
1%
Gesamt
Industrielle
NeckarDirekteinleite
Einzugsgebie
r (2002)
t
7,6 t/a
1%
946,1 t/a
100%
Frachten des pflanzenverfügbaren Anteils von Pges
Szenarium: Obergrenze für die Bodengehalte von P2O5 auf Ackerflächen = 18 mg/100g
Grundwasse
r einschl.
Interflow
Drainage
n
113,8 t/a 18,3 t/a
12%
2%
Verminderung
Erosion
Abschwem
- mung
24,4 t/a 174,3 t/a
3%
19%
2,4 t/a
43,4 t/a
Depositio
n (auf
Wasser)
0,9 t/a
0%
Urbane
Flächen
103,1
t/a
11%
Kommunal
e SammelKläranlage
n (2006)
Dezentrale
Abwasserbehandlun
g
467,1 t/a
50%
16,7 t/a
2%
Gesamt
Industrielle
NeckarDirekteinleite
Einzugsgebie
r (2002)
t
7,6 t/a
1%
926,2 t/a
100%
Frachten des pflanzenverfügbaren Anteils von Pges
Szenarium: Obergrenze für die Bodengehalte von P2O5 auf Ackerflächen = 15 mg/100g
Grundwasse
r einschl.
Interflow
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Drainage
n
113,8 t/a 18,3 t/a
13%
2%
Verminderung
Erosion
Abschwem
- mung
21,8 t/a 143,8 t/a
2%
16%
4,9 t/a
73,9 t/a
Depositio
n (auf
Wasser)
0,9 t/a
0%
Urbane
Flächen
103,1
t/a
12%
Kommunal
e SammelKläranlage
n (2006)
Dezentrale
Abwasserbehandlun
g
467,1 t/a
52%
16,7 t/a
2%
Gesamt
Industrielle
NeckarDirekteinleite
Einzugsgebie
r (2002)
t
7,6 t/a
1%
893,2 t/a
100%
Additional measures „P -Neckar“
Objective: 0,1 mg o-PO4-P/L in the water (at the moment 0,13 – 0,17)
measures in whole catchment necessary
•
•
optimization of P-elimination in WWTP (GK 3-5) by improved
chemical P- precipitation by 2012 (WFD- Ordinance BW))
WWTP- specific definition of „achievable values“
• definition of additional measures in 2. WFD management plan 2015
(filtration)
•  step by step approach
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Main Challenges
WFD 2000: EU- Water framework directivefrom water quality to ecological river quality
 Hydromorphology  Fish life !!! (ecological flow,
river structure, river continuity, connection of the
breeding grounds to the main river
Hydropower, Water extraction)
 Diffuse pollution (Pesticides, P, PAH)
 Diffuse pollution (N)  Groundwater
 thermal load of the Rhine-River (Rhine model)
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Groundwater bodies „at risk“, Nitrate, Chloride
14 GWK at risk „additional measures“
8 GWKat risk „standard measures“
individual characteristic
description of measures !
GWB at risk Chloride
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AgroEnvironmental Programme –
Baden-Württemberg
(MEKA + SchALVO)
„By choice“ water protection measures
„everywhere“
1 Point
= 10 €/ha*a
environmental friendly deployment of liquid
manure (towing pipe)
3
No ploughing up of grassland- no herbicides
2
No use of chemical- synthetical pesticides and
fertilizers
8
Perennial crops to be planted after harvest of
plants with high nitrogen-rests in field
9
Soil covering with plants in permanent crops
(100%, 70%, 40%)
9
Mulch seeding technique
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source: Berrer MLR
at 100%
6
WFD - New Challenges
WFD 2000: EU- Water Framework Directivefrom water quality to basin-wide ecological river quality
 Hydromorhology  Fish life !!! (ecological flow, river
structure, river continuity, connection of the
breeding grounds to the main river Hydropower,
Water extraction)
 Diffuse pollution (Pesticides, P, PAH)
 Diffuse pollution (N)  Groundwater
 thermal load of the Rhine-River (Rhine model)
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Monitoring station Karlsruhe
30
Karlsruhe 2003
Karlsruhe 2010
25
Temperatur in °C
20
15
10
5
0
30.12
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30.1
28.2
31.3
30.4
31.5
30.6
31.7
31.8
30.9
31.10
30.11
Temperatures in Rhine
 temperature development in hot summers due to heat
load of Rhine River by power plants- improvement
data base
 combination of existing temperature /heat load
models along the Rhine
 prediction of temperature development
 concept of measures along the Rhine
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Other problems to adress (105/2008/EG) :
„Ubiquits“ PAH, Hg ???

HCB Sediment management plan
In discussion:
 Estrogenes
 Medicaments
- Diclofenac
- Sulfamethoxazol
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www.wrrl.baden-wuerttemberg.de
Thank
you for your
attention
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