Presentation SIGE - Ammunition Safety (production, transport

Transcrição

Ammunition Safety (production, transport,
storage) and how to protect your data ...
18-10-2015 22:29
AMMUNITION SAFETY (PRODUCTION,
TRANSPORT, STORAGE) AND HOW TO
PROTECT YOUR DATA ...
Wim de Klerk
Wim de Klerk
1
18-10-2015 22:29
CONTENT
Introduction of TNO
Development of new Energetic Materials
Characterisation
Operational Use
Ammunition Safety
Use - exposure
Safe storage of data
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XVII SIGE - Sao Jose dos Campos (BRZ)
01-October-2015
TNO – INDEPENDENT R&D
ORGANIZATION - MISSION
TNO liga pessoas e conhecimento criando
inovações que aumentem a competitividade da
indústria e do bem-estar da sociedade
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TNO: FUNDADO EM ÉPOCA DE CRISE (1932)
Artigo 4 TNO ato
A Organização tem como objetivo assegurar que a
investigação científica é adequadamente aplicada para o
bem geral da sociedade.
TNO suporta setor privada e governos em P & D
TNO é independente de interesses públicos e privados
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LOCATIONS IN
THE NETHERLANDS
Groningen
Leiden
Soesterberg
Zeist
Delft
Utrecht
Rijswijk
The Hague
Helmond
Eindhoven
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INTERNATIONAL
OFFICES / AGENCIES
Offices
Agencies
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THEMES & ROADMAPS
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O MOTOR DO TNO
DA IDEIA À INOVAÇÃO
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Desenvolver
conhecimento
fundamental
Desenvolver
conhecimento
Aplicação
conhecimento
Exploração
conhecimento
Com
universidades
Com
parceiros
Com
clientes
Incorporado no
mercado
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SISTEMA DE INOVAÇÃO HÉLICE TRIPLA
Indústria
Inovação
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ABORDAGEM INTEGRADA
MILITAR PARA CIVIL
Tecnologia de propulsão e sistema de ignição do foguete
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Ariane
Eficácia do soldado e funcionamento dos socorristas
Centros de Comando e Controle
Deteção de explosivos
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ABORDAGEM INTEGRADA
CIVIL PARA MILITAR
Câmeras em espaços publicos e em situações urbanas
Fibras fortes para proteção das embaixadas, quarteis e
veículos blindados
Novas tecnologias de comunicação para troca de
informação segura e fiável.
Novos conceitos de sensores para uso no espaço e e
em VAMs
Investigação em acidentes de artifício conducente ao
melhoramento dos requisitos de armazenamento para
munição
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INFRAESTRUTURAS DE ALTA QUALIDADE
Acoustic Basin
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Desdemona
Bioaerosol
Laboratory
Advanced CD&E
Environment ACE
Electronic
Battlespace Facility
Audio Hall
High Tox
Laboratory
Laboratory for
Ballistic Research
Whole System
Test Facility
Laboratory for
Pyrotechnics
Laboratory for
Ballistic Research
Operational
Cockpit
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LABORATORY FOR BALLISTIC
RESEARCH
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R&D IN PRACTICE
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TANKER REMOTE VISION SYSTEM
(TRVS)
Customer: RNLAF
Problem: Outdated vision system of KC-10
tanker aircraft, upgrade necessary.
Solution: Advanced video system for remote fuelboom steering, three times better than
the naked eye.
Investment: 10 M€
Cost reduction: Price indication from manufacturer 25
M€, savings 15 M€
Bonus: Fewer ‘failure flight hours’, savings on
maintenance, licence revenues per system sold
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FORWARD AIR CONTROLLER
SIMULATOR (FACSIM)
Customer: RNLA
Problem: Restrictions and high costs
when training forward air controllers
Solution: Exercising skills of forward
air controllers under realistic conditions without
the need for real aircraft
Investment: 4 M€
Cost reduction: Training 30 FACs per year since
2000, times five F-16 flying hours at 12 k€ each.
Plus 40 re-trainees
a year
Bonus: Licence revenues, US JFCOM
accredited, mobile system for use at operational
unit level
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LOW FREQUENCY ACTIVE SONAR
(LFAS)
Customer: RNLN
Problem: Increasingly quiet submarines and
difficult detection in shallow coastal waters
Solution: Data processing for active sonar
system for the RNLN M-frigates
Investment: Research plus purchase of two
systems, 42 M€ in total
Cost reduction: Two similar state-of-the-art
systems 70 M€, savings 28 M€
Bonus: Better performance, licence
revenues per system sold (for research)
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TNO - M aterieel Verwervings Projecten, 9 nov
2009
01-October-2015
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LIFETIME EXTENSION OF AMMUNITION AND
MISSILES
Customer: RNLA
Problem: Replacement and disposal are expensive, safety is paramount
Solution: Health monitoring, corrective measures and predictive models
provide significant lifetime extension
Investment: Research 2000-2010 15 M€
Cost reduction: 300-500 M€
Bonus: Increased safety, less replacement
of components, less need for disposal
Bunker Temperature
stabiliser content (%)
60
100
50
temperature [° C]
98
30
20
97
10
96
Stabiliser content [%]
99
40
0
95
-10
-20
94
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
time [weeks]
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ENERGETIC MATERIALS TOWARDS
AMMUNITION
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ASPECTS THROUGH WHOLE LIFE
(CRADLE-TO-GRAVE)
Cradle to grave
Develop Explosive
Formulation
Wim de Klerk
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01-October-2015
Electrospray crystallization
• Easy to use
• Makes nano-sized crystals
• Narrow crystal size distribution
• High purity
• Low investments
• Coating can be integrated
Copyright TNO
Wim de Klerk
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Single nozzle
Electrospray Setup
• One nozzle
• Easy to operate
• Works with a syringe pump
Copyright TNO
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SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
IMAGES
RDX crystals
500 nm RDX
Copyright TNO
Wim de Klerk
300 nm RDX with agglomerates
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SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
IMAGES
HMX crystals
270 nm HMX with agglomerates
Copyright TNO
100 nm - 280 nm HMX
01-October-2015
(CRADLE-TO-GRAVE)
Cradle to grave
Develop Explosive
Formulation
Qualify New
Explosive for Service
Application
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AMMUNITION SAFETY SUBJECTS
Life Cycle Management
Lifetime prediction
Stability research of gun propellants
Munition lifetime during missions
Insensitive Munitions
IM testing
Safe functioning and IM aspects of ammunition
Qualification of Energetic Materials
Functioning, safety and IM aspects of ammunition
Mechanical characterization testing
Environmental impact
Health risks from munitions in the environment
Study into the transfer and impact of noise
Explosives safety
Safe field storage
Risk analysis
Unexploded ordnance
Support to EOD activities on UXO’s and IED’s
Demilitarization
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WHAT IS INFLUENCING THE LIFETIME ?
Out-of-Area
missies
IM - signature
Package
New Energetics
Surveillance –
what / how /
frequency
Lifetime / safety /
functionality
Life-cycle costs
Environment
Tracking /
tracing
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Condition
logging
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TESTING CAPABILITIES
Mechanical testing
Mechanical testing in tension and compression
Climate controlled
Increased pressure
Gas dilatometry
Vulnerability testing
Bullet and fragment impact (up to 60 mm)
Electro Static Discharge
Several multi-purpose bunkers are available to perform indoor tests with
munition and explosives. A bunker for static firing of missiles is also in the
inventory.
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(CRADLE-TO-GRAVE)
Cradle to grave
Develop Explosive
Formulation
Introduce into Service
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Qualify New
Application
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CLIMATIC CATEGORIES A1
TO A3 (STANAG AND AECTP)
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EXPERIENCE WITH DATA LOGGERS
Track record:
Apache helicopters in Djibouti, 2001
Enduring Freedom, Kirgizië, 2002-2003
Tulip Guardian, (Patriots) Turkey, 2003
Mission Iraq, 2003-2004
Afghanistan, 2006-2010
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DEPLOYMENT OF PATRIOT SYSTEM IN
TURKEY
On request of NATO
Fully operational since January 26, 2013
2 Patriot systems, 270 soldiers
Protection of Turkey against possible attack from Syrian territory
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DEPLOYMENT OF DATALOGGERS
9 Temperature & Humidity sensors
Central measurement (ambient)
On missile launchers
Inside missile storage
Involvement of TNO
Delivery of system inside dedicated ‘munition’ boxes
Installation before deployment
Instruction military personnel
Processing of measurements on monthly basis
Analysis of data, input for surveillance
Reporting to Dutch MoD, Patriot communitiy
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ACTUAL SITUATION
Data logging
Started in The Netherlands
Transport and local situation
source: www.defensie.nl
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Transport to Turkey (sea)
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CURRENT STATUS
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Wim de Klerk
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MKT
Tavr
CURRENT STATUS
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23,6 °C
19,7 °C
01-October-2015
MKT
Tavr
26,8 °C
21,2 °C
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FUTURE WORK
Dataloggers
Looking back up to current date
Beyond 2013
Development of ‘Climate Tool’
Predictive – Planning Ahead
‘Actual’ climate vs. STANAG/AECTP climates
TNO department of Climate, Air and Sustainability
Access to all world-wide meteorological data
Work with the most advanced climatic and weather analysis and prediction tool
ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)
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FUTURE WORK
Based on climatic data 1980-2010
Example for Turkey
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SUMMARY DATALOGGERS
Use of dataloggers on-scene creates insight in realistic environmental
and meteorological conditions that munitions are exposed to
In The Netherlands this insight is the result of excellent cooperation
between the Dutch MoD and TNO
Data from data loggers are used to improve actual service life prediction
Maintain required safety level
TNO’s future work aims at integrating:
Location-based monitoring using dataloggers with
an advanced Climate Tool to predict expected local conditions
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01-October-2015
(CRADLE-TO-GRAVE)
Cradle to grave
Monitor safety and
Performance through
Surveillance
Develop Explosive
Formulation
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Qualify New
Application
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How to solve the safety problem ?
What’s the safety ?
time
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SAFETY
Munitions are normally required to withstand exposure to
a wide range of environmental conditions without
becoming unsafe or unsuitable for handling, storage or
transport and then function as designed when required.
This may mean that the most extreme climatic
environments are experienced by the munition
concurrently with induced environmental conditions
arising from service use. The safety or suitability for
service of a munition may be terminated by an
unacceptable degree of degradation of components
or materials when subjected to normal service environments, or after exposure to certain extreme conditions.
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WHY IS SURVEILLANCE / LIFETIME MUNITION
NECESSARY ?
To control the safety under different storage conditions
To check the functionality of the gun propellants
To predict a safe and useful time (periodic inspections)
To protect the country / surrounding for accidents, as far as
possible
To protect the military forces for accidents with unstable
materials
To stop unnecessary demolition of old ammunition and to guide
the investment process of new ammunition
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01-October-2015
ACCIDENTS - LIFE TIME PREDICTION
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1981
Zimbabwe
explosion in ammunition magazine
1989
USA
munitions on list for disposal
1994
Indian Head
magazine explosion (2 M$)
1996
Brazil
storage with 25 ton ammunition
1996
Red River
ammunition storage
1997
USA
ammunition, variety of stability
1998
Primex
ammunition for disposal
1999
Finland
bunker with 65 ton ammunition
2000
Japan
2 * propellant storage
2001
India
munitions handling
2002
Vladiwostok
storage, instability of ammunition
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01-October-2015
IN 2011 - CYPRUS
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01-October-2015
HEAT FLOW CALORIMETER
Surveillance methodology, composition independent
Measurement on propellant grains / filling degree
Information about safety and ballistic changes in one run
Stability for now and 8 years in advance (standard)
Robustness of TNO-equipment
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HEAT FLOW
CALORIMETRY FOR
SAFETY
 E  1 1 
4 ⋅ RTa2 ⋅ δ c ⋅ λ ⋅ exp  a  −  
2.7 ⋅ λ
(2.7 ⋅ λ )
 R  Ta Tm  
+
+
D344 = −
ρ b ⋅ Ea ⋅ qmax
2
4
2
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HOW WE THINK THE MILITARY PEOPLE WILL USE AMMUNITION
VS.
HOW THE REAL USE AND STRESS IS
Wim de Klerk
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OPERATIONAL AREA - AFGHANISTAN
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TRANSPORT CONDITIONS EXAMPLES
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Land Systems Branch
Weapon Systems & Ammunition Division
TFU
Experiences
Extreme Mistreatment of Ammunition
Tune Up the
qualification
programs ?
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TNO
01-October-2015
PANTZERFAUST IN OPERATIONAL USE
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DUTCH INVENTORY
Air Force:
F-16: AMRAAM, Sidewinder
Apache: Hellfire, Hydra
Flares
Navy:
SM-2, ESSM, SM-2, Harpoon
Army:
Stinger, Spike/Javelin
Patriot
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LIFE TIME STUDIES
Single institute or in cooperation with other European countries
Chemical and Mechanical testing
In-house laboratories
Accelerated ageing studies
Modelling (ABAQUS)
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TNO APPROACH TO SURVEILLANCE
ROCKET MOTORS
Missile
life
firings
Functional
Testing
Component
Current
state
+
As-received
motor
NDT
Projected
lifetime
Computer
models
Acc.
Aged
Component
characterizing
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Trend analysis
historical data
01-October-2015
HFC LABORATORY
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MUNITION SAFETY IN
18-10-2015 22:29
Laboratories at DC-Mun
(Paracambi – RJ) and
12BSup (Manaus - AM)
In the Defence Industry, CBC
(2nd largest manufacturer of
small calibre ammunition)
and Emgepron are using
HFC.
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01-October-2015
CULTEX®
TNO has chosen
to use the®CULTEX
system as
a basis for
Application
of CULTEX
so far® within
TNO
their In vitro experiments
Screening toxicity of intact jet fuel 8 (JP-8)
Screening toxicity of diesel exhaust gases
Screening toxicity of signalling smokes
Screening toxicity of red phosphorus obscurants in combination
with particulate matter
Toxicity of Tungsten alloy (nano-) particle
…..
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CULTEX® (HUMAN CELLS)
• Suitable for gases, vapours and aerosols (incl. smoke, dust)
• Airborne samples can be used directly from the
environment or via sampling in gas sampling bags or
helium diffusion samplers
• Compounds can also be added to the culture medium of the
cells, to obtain an indication of the toxicity
• Approach appeared to be useful, especially for evaluating
the toxicity of complex mixtures
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CONCLUSIONS CULTEX®
Represents aspects of human toxicity
Highly useful as ‘research tool’
Sensitivity for individual common chemicals not impressive
Sensitivity for mixtures of chemicals promising
Read-out parameters rather rough, can be refined with ‘-omics’ technologies
How indicative are results for man in vivo?
Comparison toxicity* estimates for phosgene from in vitro (CULTEX) via in
vivo (rat experiments) to data reported for man:
translation worked very well!
*Wijte D., Alblas M.J., Noort D., Langenberg J.P., van Helden H.P.M., Toxic effects following phosgene exposure of human epithelial lung
cells in vitro using a CULTEX® system, Toxicol In Vitro., 25(8):2080-2087 (2011).
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(CRADLE-TO-GRAVE)
Cradle to grave
Storing and Using your
data
Monitor safety and
Performance through
Surveillance
Develop Explosive
Formulation
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Qualify New
Application
01-October-2015
About TNO Cyber Expertise
Security & Risk
Management
•
•
•
•
•
Applied
Cryptography
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•
•
•
•
Security policies & practices
Security & risk assessment
Privacy impact assessment
Business continuity
management
Security standards
Cryptographic algorithms
Key management
Public key infrastructures
Privacy enhancing
technologies
Network Security
System Security
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IP network security
Telecommunications security
Security protocols
Intrusion detection
Hacking techniques
Access control
Computer security
Mobile device security
Trusted computing
Smart card & RFID
technology
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TNO’S CYBER SECURITY EXPERTISE
Historically defence-related R&D on information security
Knowledge applied to ‘high profile’ and complex organisations
Information assurance studies in support of MoD
Critical Infrastructure Protection
Vulnerability studies
hacker’s view
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Cyber crime
Cyber spionage
Cyber terrorism
/ warfare
Cyber activism
01-October-2015
AWARENESS TRAINER FOR CYBER –
MOD
MoD: develop a demonstrator that will help raising the awareness level of the
higher-ranked military personnel on Cyber
Result:
WIKI running on the MoDs network with hundreds of annotated relevant
Cyber documents
e-learning package on the MoDs network
scenario packed with multimedia injects to train decision makers in a tabletop simulation game
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CYBER OPERATIONS IS KEY PART OF
OUR CYBERSECURITY ROADMAP
Cybersecurity of military
operational systems
Cyber crime
Cyber
Operations
Cyber
resilience
Offensive cyber capabilities
Education, Training,
Exercises
People
Process
Technology
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CLOSING REMARKS
Wim de Klerk
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
IS IT REALLY A COST SAVER?
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REMARKS - 1
R&D is necessary in the military domain from the way of safe development of
new ammunition, till the way of secure handling and storage of data
R&D cost money, but at the end it gives a lot of benefits
Safety is an issue we NEVER must forget, it is dealing also with people
Methods are available, and (inter) national validated, which can be applied in
a broad range of materials
Munition Safety cost you money, but at the end it saves you a lot of
money
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01-October-2015
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01-October-2015
CONTACTDETAILS
Wim de Klerk
Laurens Steen
TNO-Defence, Safety and Security,
TNO – representative Brazil
Location Rijswijk
P.O.Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk,
The Netherlands
Tel.
: +31 88 86 61355
Tel.
: +55 81 3478 3439
Mobile
: +31 6 5342 5289
Mobile
: +55 81 9282 2323
E-mail
: [email protected]
E-mail
: [email protected]
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
AND A SAFE TAKE-OFF
Wim de Klerk
39

Presentation SIGE - Ammunition Safety (production, transport

Transcrição

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