2º BIMESTRE / 2016 1 TAG QUESTIONS As tag questions são

TAG QUESTIONS
As tag questions são usadas, principalmente, para confirmar a informação dita na frase. Em
português, a tradução da palavra tag é acréscimo, ou ainda, arremate.
Na Língua Portuguesa também existem question tags, que são chamadas de perguntasno
final da frase e funcionam, basicamente, da mesma maneira. Elas sempre aparecerão no
final da frase, separadas por vírgula.
Ela tem dezoito anos, não tem? She is eighteen years old, isn't she?
A question tag discordará obrigatoriamente da primeira declaração da frase. Quando a
primeira for afirmativa, a question tag será negativa, e quando ela for negativa, a question
tag será positiva. Observe os exemplos:
Greg is very intelligent, isn't he? O Greg é muito inteligente, não é?
+
You aren't Brazilian, are you? Você não é brasileiro, é?
+
Quando a tag for negativa, será, obrigatoriamente, contraída, ou seja, nunca teremos
uma tag como "is not she?", ou "does not he?". Veja os exemplos:
Jhon can ride a bike, can't he? O Jhon sabe andar de bicicleta, não sabe? (can + not =
can't = cannot)
Julie is your neighbour, isn't she? A Julie é sua vizinha, não é? (is + not = isn't)
Formação
As tag questions são formadas por duas frases. A primeira é formada de um sujeito, um
auxiliar, verbo principal e um complemento (objeto direto, indireto, etc). Veja os exemplos:
Sujeito
Auxiliar Verbo Principal Complemento
You
can
drive
a car.
She
doesn't
like
chocolate .
They
have
done
the homework.
As segundas frases, chamadas question tags, são formadas pelo auxiliar e pelo sujeito que
compõe a primeira frase. Exemplos:
Auxiliar
Sujeito
can't
you?
does
she?
haven't
they?
Algumas vezes, encontramos tag questions sem o auxiliar na primeira frase. Para identificar qual o
auxiliar deve ser utilizado, podemos transformar a frase afirmativa em interrogativa, como em:
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Afirmativa: She works with you. Ela trabalha com você.
Interrogativa: Does she work with you? Ela trabalha com você?
Tag question: She works with you, doesn't she? Ela trabalha com você, não trabalha?
Quando o sujeito de uma tag question no presente for I, o auxiliar não será o am. Esta é uma
exceção. O auxiliar utilizado, neste caso, será o are. Veja o exemplo:
I am right, aren't I? Eu estou certo, não estou?
Os auxiliares que podem formar o tag são: to do, to be, to have, will e modais.
Jack and Susie don't like to play soccer, do they?
O Jack e a Susie não gostam de jogar futebol, gostam?
Mary is a great singer, isn't she?
A Mary é uma ótima cantora, não é?
You have done you homework, haven't you?
Você fez seu tema, não fez?
He will come to my birthday party, won't him?
Ele vai vir a minha festa de aniversário, não vai?
I could buy a car, couldn't I?
Eu poderia comprar um carro, não poderia?
Outros casos:
Quando a primeira frase é imperativa, utilizamos o auxiliar will para que ela fique mais formal:
Open the window, will you?
Abra a janela, você pode?
Para que a frase fique ainda mais formal, utilizamos o would:
Close the door, would you?
Feche a porta, você poderia?
Pode-se utilizar também o please e o ok, para uma forma mais coloquial. Nestes casos, mesmo que
a primeira frase seja positiva, utilizamos o auxiliar positivo.
Bring me some water, please?
Traga-me um pouco de água, por favor?
Stop talking, ok?
Pare de falar, ok?
Quando usamos o let's, o auxiliar da questiong tag será o shall we.
Let's dance, shall we?
Vamos dançar, vamos?
Quando temos dois auxiliares numa mesma frase, utilizamos na question tag apenas o primeiro.
You have been studying all morning, haven't you?
Você esteve estudando a manhã inteira, não esteve?
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Pay attention!
Preste atenção!
Afirmativa: Bob has a new computer.
Bob tem um computador novo.
Neste caso, o auxilia será o DOES. Observe:
Interrogativa: Does Bob have a new computer?
O Bob tem um computador novo?
Tag Question: Bob has a new computer, doesn't he?
O Bob tem um computador novo, não tem?
Tag question X Question Tag
Tag question é o nome dado à frase formada por uma frase inicial e uma pequena frase final (frase
inteira). Essa frase "final" é chamada de question tag.
EXERCISES
Tag Questions - Present Simple
1 - Put in the correct tag question
1) She’s from a small town in China, __________________?
2) They aren’t on their way already, ___________________?
3) We’re late again, __________________?
4) I’m not the person with the tickets, ___________________ ?
5) Julie isn’t an accountant, _____________________?
6) The weather is really bad today, ____________________?
7) He’s very handsome, ______________________ ?
8) They aren’t in Mumbai at the moment, ___________________ ?
9) You aren’t from Brazil, _____________________ ?
10) John’s a very good student, ___________________?
11) I like chocolate very much, __________________ ?
12) She doesn’t work in a hotel, ____________________ ?
13) They need some new clothes, __________________ ?
14) We live in a tiny flat, ________________________ ?
15) She studies very hard every night, ______________ ?
16) David and Julie don’t take Chinese classes, ______________ ?
17) I often come home late, _______________ ?
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18) You don’t like spicy food, _________________ ?
19) She doesn’t cook very often, _________________ ?
20) We don’t watch much TV, __________________ ?
2 - Put together the sentences and tags.
Do stay a little longer
Could you?
Don’t speak so fast
Shall we?
Let’s do it again
Will you?
Pass me the salt
Won’t you?
You couldn’t tell me the time
Would you?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3 - (Uerj) Com base no texto abaixo, responda à questão.
Picnics, pythons and heroes ... oh my!Golden Retriever rescues
young girl from python
It was a warm, sunny August afternoon, and Michelle Arnold of
Farmingville, NY, ran inside her kitchen to pour her two daughters,
Kaila (7) and Sara (3), a drink for their backyard picnic. Kaila followed
her mother inside to help, leaving Sara to play in their new toy ball pit.
Seconds later, Michelle heard a scream and then crying. She ran
outside and found their pet Golden Retriever, Sundance, barking at a
large, strangelooking snake dead on the ground, and Sara crying on
top of the picnic table.
Michelle quickly checked her daughter for bites, but found nothing.
Sundance had saved the day. The large, eight-foot snake – a ball python – had made the
Arnold’s ball pit its home and when Sara jumped in, it became agitated and started to slither
toward her. Sundance, recognizing the danger, began to bark loudly at the reptile and
eventually killed it to protect his young owner.
The following year, Sunny won the Dog Hero of the Year Award, sponsored by Del Monte
Pet Products. “I broke into tears”, said Michelle. “Sundance needs an operation to remove a
few cysts from the back of his shoulders and we didn’t have enough money to schedule the
surgery. Now, we are going to use the prize money for his operation. He has done so much
for us, now it’s our turn to help him. Sundance saved my daughter’s life and, ever since that
day, his official name became Sunny, the Hero Dog.”
www.kibblesnbitsdoghero.com
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The text is an account of a dog’s good actions. The message conveyed in this text is best
summarized in:
A) dogs can be aggressive.
B) pets can be our lifesavers.
C) pet owners should train their pets.
D) dog owners should reward their pets.
4 - What discourse marker indicates “opposition of ideas”?
a) Nobody won the prize. Afterwards, they found out that the whole story has been a fraud.
b) We finished the first part of the project, so it’s time to move on to the next step.
c) All the athletes managed to finish the race, despite all difficulties and the bad weather.
5 - According to what you have learnt, question tags are:
a) short questions that usually come at the end of sentences. For example: The food wasn´t
very good, was it?
b) questions that refer to the main clause often starting with the question word. Example:
“how long do you think (that) we should stay here?”
c) clauses beginning with question words like “I decided who would come along with me”
d) questions that the speaker may repeat : “I’m getting sick .~ You’re getting sick?”
e) short questions that are often used in conversation to show that the listener is quite aware
and interested: “It was a terrible war. ~ Was it ?~Yes…
6 - Read the sentence below:
“I don´t think there will be any kind of trouble. Two hours have gone and nobody has phoned
so far, ______________________? So,
it means that nothing can happen, _______________________?”
The question tags that correctly fulfill the blankets are
:
a) has them? / can them?
b) has they? / can they?
c) hasn’t they? / can it?
d) have they? / can’t they?
e) have they? / can it?
7 - What discourse marker indicates “opposition of ideas”?
a) Nobody won the prize. Afterwards, they found out that the whole story has been a fraud.
b) We finished the first part of the project, so it’s time to move on to the next step.
c) All the athletes managed to finish the race, despite all difficulties and the bad weather.
8 - Write the correct question tag.
a) She is in love with John, ______________________?
b) Peter has been in London for three days, ______________________?
c) Let’s watch a movie tonight, ______________________?
d) Close the door when you leave, ______________________?
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e) He has never been abroad, ______________________?
f) You’d better see a doctor, ______________________?
g) She’d never been abroad before, ______________________?
h) Nothing is more important than money, ______________________ ?
i) Nobody phoned, ______________________?
j) It’s hardly rained all summer, ______________________ ?
k) They never smile, ______________________ ?
l) Everybody was there, ______________________ ?
m) There’s no milk left in the fridge, ______________________ ?
n) Nothing matters, ______________________ ?
o) I’m always late, ______________________ ?
Modal Verbs
Os verbos modais (modal verbs) são um tipo especial de verbos auxiliares que alteram ou
completam o sentido do verbo principal. De um modo geral, estes verbos expressam idéias
como capacidade, possibilidade, obrigação, permissão, proibição, dedução, suposição,
pedido, vontade, desejo ou, ainda, indicam o tom da conversa (formal / informal). Os verbos
modais (modal verbs) podem ser chamados também de modal auxiliaries ou apenas
modals.
São eles:
can - could - may - might - must - shall - will - should - ought to - would
No geral, poderíamos dizer que a maioria dos modals equivale a poder e dever. Em
Português, tanto um quanto outro podem expressar situações diversas. Em Inglês, porém,
para cada situação há um modal mais adequado.
Observe alguns exemplos de ideias que os verbos modais podem expressar:
May I use your umbrella? (Permissão)
(Posso usar seu guarda-chuva?)
He may be in the library. (Possibilidade)
(Ele pode estar na biblioteca.)
Sorry, I can not understand what you are telling me. (Capacidade)
(Desculpa, não consigo entender o que você está me falando.)
The students must do their homework. (Obrigação)
(Os alunos devem fazer as tarefas de casa deles.)
She must be very busy, since she has three children, a job and a house to take
care. (Suposição)
(Ela deve ser muito ocupada, já que tem três filhos, um emprego e uma casa para cuidar.)
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Shall we go for a ride after work? (Convite)
(Vamos dar uma volta depois do trabalho?)
Can I go home now? (Permissão - Tom informal)
(Posso ir para casa agora?)
Could I go home now? (Permissão - Tom formal)
(Eu poderia ir para casa agora?)
It is late, you should go home. (Conselho)
(É tarde, você devia ir para casa.)
She can get here later. (Possibilidade)
(Ela pode chegar mais tarde.)
She must be at the supermarket now. (Dedução)
(Ela deve estar no supermercado agora)
You should see a doctor. (Conselho)
(Você devia ir a um médico.)
Características gerais dos verbos modais:
1. Os verbos modais não existem na forma infinitiva, ou seja, não são precedidos pela
partícula to (indicação de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela, com exceção de ought to:
She can play the violin. (Ela sabe tocar violino.)
You must do the next tasks.
(Você deve fazer as próximas tarefas.)
He might come here tomorrow.
(Ele deve vir aqui amanhã. / Pode ser que / Talvez ele venha aqui amanhã.)
2. Não necessitam de outros verbos auxiliares para as formas interrogativas e negativas, já
que eles próprios são auxiliares:
May I talk to you now? (Posso falar com você agora?)
Could you do me a favor? (Você poderia me fazer um favor?)
3. Os verbos modais nunca são flexionados, ou seja, possuem a mesma forma para todos
os sujeitos; também não podem ser usados nos Progressive / Continuous Tenses e não
formam passado com -ed:
It must be late. (Deve ser tarde.)
She must be late. (Ela deve estar atrasada.)
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4. Podem ser acompanhados pelo auxiliar be, frequentemente seguido de gerúndio,
expressando tempo presente ou futuro, ou pelo auxiliar have seguido de particípio,
expressando tempo passado:
She may be studying now. (Ela deve estar estudando agora.)
Take your umbrella. It may be raining when you come home.
(Leve seu guarda-chuva. Pode estar chovendo quando você voltar para casa)
5. Nas orações negativas acrescenta-se not logo após o verbo modal:
I can not stay here. (Não posso ficar aqui.)
Passengers must not use their cell phones on board airplane.
(Os passageiros não podem usar seus celulares a bordo do avião.)
You should not talk during the classes. (Você não deveria conversar durante as aulas.)
It may not rain tonight. (Pode ser que não chove esta noite.)
EXERCISES
1 - Choose the best answer:
Mark: __________ I sit here?
Teacher: Yes, of course. But you __________ keep quiet.
a) must; may
b) may; can
c) may; must
d) may; might
2 - Choose some modals from the box to complete the sentences below:
If the weather is nice, I __________ go to the beach on Sunday. If I go to the beach, I
__________ take my sunscreen to protect myself against the sun. I know I __________
spend hours and hours in the sun, or I’ll get a bad sunburn.
3 - Complete the text with suitable words. More than one answer is possible.
“There ______________________ (1) be diplomacy with certain countries, Oliver. Oh yes,
you ______________________ (2)well say tolerance is not important for you. But you
_____________________ (3) have to go to such countries one day. Diplomacy and
tolerance
_________________ (4) be
it ______________________ (5) an
a
quite
opportunity
a
for
serious
you
to
problem
go
live
for
you.
there. And
But
it
______________________ (6) be that difficult to get along with people that have behave
differently from us. You
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______________________ (7) not have realized how interesting
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these countries are. For example, you ______________________ (8) find Iran a charming
place with eccentric people. That is what makes life much interesting, doesn’t it?
4 - Read the sentences below and answer the question.
I) She has three expensive cars. She must be a rich woman.
II) I think they might arrive tomorrow.
III) John can speaks four languages fluently.
IV) You ought go home and rest a little.
V) Do Peter and his wife need take the test tomorrow?
The correct sentences are:
a) I, II and IV
b) II, III and V
c) I, II and V
d) only I
e) I and II
5 - The sentences above convey the meaning of:
I) I shall be in Athens next week.
II) He ought to have arrived by now.
III) It must be right; his theory simply doesn’t add up.
IV) You should always take care of your child.
a) duty, deduction, necessity, possibility and prediction
b) prediction, possibility, deduction, necessity and duty
c) necessity, deduction, possibility, prediction and duty
d) possibility, deduction, necessity, prediction and duty
e) duty, deduction, possibility, prediction and necessity
6 - (ESPM-SP)
(Dilbert.com)
Mark the alternative that substitutes “You shouldn’t worry about that” without
changing the meaning:
a) You must not worry about that.
b) You may not worry about that.
c) You ought not to worry about that.
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d) You cannot worry about that.
e) You will not be able to worry about
that.
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7–
I – They will not be / will no doubt be / should be late for dinner;
II – There shouldn’t / might not be a war against them, Peter;
III – Do you think I ought to / may give Eric a CD?
Choose the alternative that best fits the sentences above.
a) should be / might not / ought to
b) will no doubt be / might not be / may
c) should be / shouldn’t be / ought to
d) will not be / shouldn’t / ought to
e) will not be / shouldn’t / may
8 - (PUC-RJ)
TEXTING MAY BE TAKING A TOLL
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They do it late at night when their parents are asleep.
They do it in restaurants and while crossing busy streets.
They do it in the classroom with their hands behind their
back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt. Spurred by
the unlimited texting plans offered by different carriers,
American teenagers sent and received an average of
2,272 text messages per month in the fourth quarter of
2008, according to the Nielsen Company — almost 80
messages a day, more than double the average of a
year earlier.
The phenomenon is beginning to worry physicians
and psychologists, who say it is leading to anxiety,
distraction in school, falling grades, repetitive stress injury
and sleep deprivation. Dr. Martin Joffe, a pediatrician in
Greenbrae, Calif., recently surveyed students at two local
high schools and said he found that many were routinely
sending hundreds of texts every day. “That’s one every
few minutes,” he said. “Then you hear that these kids
are responding to texts late at night. That’s going to
cause sleep issues in an age group that’s already plagued
with sleep issues.”
The rise in texting is too recent to have produced
any conclusive data on health effects. But Sherry Turkle,
a psychologist who […] has studied texting among
teenagers in the Boston area for three years, said it might
be causing a shift in the way adolescents develop.
“Among the jobs of adolescence are to separate from
your parents, and to find the peace and quiet to become
the person you decide you want to be,” she said. “Texting
hits directly at both those jobs.”
Psychologists expect to see teenagers break free
from their parents as they grow into autonomous adults,
Professor Turkle went on, “but if technology makes
something like staying in touch very, very easy, that’s
harder to do; now you have adolescents who are texting
their mothers 15 times a day, asking things like, ‘Should
I get the red shoes or the blue shoes?’ ” As for peace
and quiet, she said, “if something next to you is vibrating
every couple of minutes, it makes it very difficult to be in
that state of mind. If you’re being deluged by constant
communication, the pressure to answer immediately is
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quite high,” she added. “So if you’re in the middle of a
thought, forget it.” […]
Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’
thumbs. Annie Wagner, 15, a ninth-grade honor student
in Bethesda, Md., used to text on her tiny phone as fast
as she typed on a regular keyboard. A few months ago,
she noticed a painful cramping in her thumbs.
Peter W. Johnson, an associate professor of
environmental and occupational health sciences at the
University of Washington, said it was too early to tell
whether this kind of stress is damaging. But he added,
“Based on our experiences with computer users, we know
intensive repetitive use of the upper extremities can lead
to musculoskeletal disorders, so we have some reason
to be concerned that too much texting could lead to
temporary or permanent damage to the thumbs.”
By Katie Hafner.
The New York Times, May 25, 2009.
“Might” in “... might be causing a shift...” (lines 25-26) and “should” in “ ‘Should I get the red shoes or
the blue shoes?’ ” (lines 36-37) express the ideas of, respectively:
A) ability – condition.
B) probability – duty.
C) possibility – advice.
D) permission – obligation.
E) theoretical ability – assumption.
9 - (UFBA)
THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE
01 Delicious, delectable, soothing and, yes, American. Chocolate was a New World
02 discovery, one of the most sought-after treasures brought back to Europe from the
03 brave new land across the Atlantic.
04 Cacao, from which chocolate is created, is said to have originated in the Amazon
05 at least 4,000 years ago. The cacao tree was worshipped by the Mayan civilization,
06 who believed it to be of divine origin. Cacao is actually a Mayan word meaning “God
07 Food”, hence the tree’s modern generic Latin name ‘Theobrama Cacao’, meaning
08 ‘Food of the Gods’. The word Cacao was corrupted into the more familiar ‘Cocoa’ by
09 the early European explorers. The ancient Maya brewed a spicy, bitter sweet drink by
10 roasting and grinding the seeds of cocoa beans with maize and chili and letting the
mixture
11 ferment. This drink was reserved for use in ceremonies as well as for drinking
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by the wealthy and religious elite.
The Aztecs of central Mexico attributed the creation of the cacao beans to their
god Quetzalcoatl who, as the legend goes, descended from heaven on a beam of a
morning star carrying a cacao tree stolen from paradise. In fact, the Aztecs valued the
beans so much that they used them as currency: a hundred beans bought a turkey or
a slave, and taxes were paid in cocoa beans to Aztec emperors. They prized ‘Xocolatl’
well above gold and silver so much so that, when Montezuma was defeated by Cortez
in 1519 and the victorious ‘conquistadors’ searched his palace for the Aztec treasury
expecting to find gold and silver, all they found were huge quantities of cocoa beans.
The Aztecs, like the Mayans, also enjoyed cacao as a beverage fermented from
the raw beans, which again featured prominently in rituals and as a luxury available
only to the very wealthy. They regarded chocolate as an aphrodisiac and their Emperor,
Montezuma reputedly drank it fifty times a day from a golden goblet and is quoted as
saying of ‘Xocolatl’: “The divine drink, which builds up resistance and fights fatigue. A
cup of this precious drink permits a man to walk for a whole day without food”.
Xocolatl or Chocolat or Chocolate, as it became known, was brought to Europe
by Cortez. By this time, the conquistadors had learned to make the drink more palatable
to European tastes by mixing the ground roasted beans with sugar and vanilla (a
practice still continued today), thus balancing the spicy bitterness of the brew the
Aztecs drank.
THE HISTORY of chocolate. Disponível em: <www.aphrodite-chocolates.co.uk/history_chocolate.htm>. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2009.
Adaptado.
Rewrite the following sentence according to the instructions below. Make all the necessary
changes.
“ ‘A cup of this precious drink permits a man to walk for a whole day without food’ ” (l. 25-26)
Use “can” instead of “permits”.
10- Study the situations and write a new sentence using the verbs in parenthesis.
a) The bridge collapsed. The engineer used cheap materials. (ought to/negative)
He...
_________________________________________________________________________________
b) Mary is getting fatter and fatter. She has been eating a lot lately. (should)
She...
_________________________________________________________________________________
c) I learned to read when I was five years old. (could)
I...
_________________________________________________________________________________
d) All the roads were wet. I guess there was some rain during the night. (must)
It...
_________________________________________________________________________________
e) The teacher asked the students not to write on the wall. (must /negative)
You...
_________________________________________________________________________________
f) I woke up very early yesterday. I am on vacation. (need/negative)
I...
_________________________________________________________________________________
g) John is not sure whether he will come tonight. (may)
John...
_________________________________________________________________________________
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h) You want to talk to your boss. He is in his room now. (may/question form)
_________________________________________________________________________________
i) Your sister has got a Ph.D. I believe she knows the answer. (must)
She has a Ph.D. so...
_________________________________________________________________________________
j) You are talking to a friend on the phone. There are children singing near you. (can/neg)
Please, speak louder! I...
_________________________________________________________________________________
Condicional Tense (Futuro do Pretérito e Futuro do Presente)
Para se formar uma frase na forma condicional basta colocar o auxiliar would antes do
verbo principal na frase. Os tempos condicionais podem ser:
Simples
Formado por SUJEITO + WOULD+ INFINITIVO SEM “TO”
Ex: I would study. (Eu estudaria/Eu iria estudar).
Contínuo
Formado por SUJEITO+WOULD+BE=V-ING
Ex: I would be studying. (Eu estaria estudando).
Perfeito
Formado por SUJEITO+ WOULD+HAVE+ PARTICÍPIO PASSADO
Ex: I would have studied. (Eu iria ter estudado/ Eu teria estudado).
Os tempos do condicional são muitas vezes usados juntamente com outros tempos verbais,
e a conjunção if (se) permite que esta correlação seja feita. Com esta conjunção, se o verbo
na frase estiver no presente simples, o outro verbo estará no futuro do presente.
Ex: If I can, I will go wherever you will go. (Se eu puder, eu irei aonde quer que você vá).
Com a conjunção if, havendo verbo no passado, o outro verbo irá para o futuro do pretérito:
Ex: If I could, I would go wherever you will go. (Se eu pudesse, eu iria aonde quer que você
fosse).
EXERCISES
1 - Match the numbers with the letters to form conditional sentences:
1. ( ) If I were a millionaire,
2. ( ) She wouldn't have had an accident
3. ( ) I’ll watch the film,
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a. if I finish early.
b. I would buy a beautiful car.
c. if she had driven carefully.
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2 - Decide which of the sentences below is conditional type 1, 2 & 3 :
a) If I were rich, I would travel around the world. ______________________________
b) She wouldn't have missed the train if she had woken up earlier. ____________________
c) I’ll call you if I come back early. __________________________
3 - Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 1):
a) If I (finish) _______________ early, I will call you.
b) I (catch) _________________ the 9:00 train if I hurry up.
c) She will know the answer, if she (try) __________________ to understand.
4 - Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 2):
a) If I (be) _____________________ a star, I would help the needy.
b) He (buy) ___________________ a house if he had a job.
c) She (be) ____________________ happy, if she married him .
5 - Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 3):
a) If he (be) ________________ careful, he would not have had that terrible accident.
b) I (pass) ____________________ the exam if I had worked hard .
c) Her father would not have died, if he (go) _____________________ to the doctor.
6 - Choose the correct answer:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
If I (wake up) _________________ early, I’ll go jogging.
He (visit) ________________ his uncle, if he finishes early.
If she had taken care of her son, he (not/become) ___________________ a criminal.
If I were a star, I (help) _____________________ the poor.
She would have been top of her class if she (work) _______________________ hard.
7 - How do you fill in the blanks?
Martin: __________ our present economic problems, we’ll have to reduce costs right now.
Robert: What will happen __________ we don’t do it?
Martin: Well, __________ we do it, we’ll have to close down our business __________ 6
months!
a) due to; if; unless; within
b) because of; if; however; within
c) because; unless; through; however
d) due to; unless; however; through
8 - Choose the best alternative:
“They were unable to bear __________ cold __________ hunger; they were __________ fit
for hunter __________ warriors.”
a) either, or; neither, nor
b) either, or; either, or
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c) neither, nor; neither, nor
d) neither, nor; either, or
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9–
I – I’d feel much satisfied unless she came here;
II – If only we got the answer;
III – If you hadn’t called her, she would have been hit by the car;
IV – If only I hadn’t loved you.
The correct sentences are:
a) II and IV
b) I, II and III
c) II, III and IV
d) Only I
e) Only III
10 - 0 January, 2006 - Published 16:36 GMT
Climate change warning
Scientists advising the British government have given a warning about the melting of the Greenland
ice cap. A report by the Department for Environment says many of the risks associated with climate
change are more serious than previously thought. This report from Roger Harrabin:
The ice cap on Greenland holds a tenth of the world's fresh water. It's more than a mile thick and if it
melts it will slowly raise sea level round the world.
Recently the ice has been shrinking at the edges as the local climate warms. Scientists would be even
more disturbed if the ice in the middle melted.
Today's document is an edited and peer-reviewed report of a government-sponsored conference last
year. It warns that the tipping point beyond which the cap may begin to thaw is estimated to be a
global temperature rise of two degrees celsius. It says that to be relatively certain of avoiding this sort
of warming we should keep emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon-dioxide below 400 parts per
million in the atmosphere.
The government's chief scientist Sir David King told the BBC that target was highly desirable but
politically unfeasible because it would mean turning power stations off. The lowest realistic figure for
halting emissions, he said, was 550 parts per million. But today's report makes it plain that that's well
above the predicted melting point of the ice cap. The scientific advice on emissions, says Professor
King, is that we shouldn't be where we are.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/tenyear/witn_2006.shtml
Roger Harrabin, BBC
In the passage, one may conclude that:
a) If the ice in the middle of the Greenland ice keeps melting, it will slowly raise the sea level round the
world.
b) We shouldn’t be where we are, when the ice begins to melt.
c) Unless the emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon-dioxide aren’t kept below 400 parts per million
in the atmosphere, the global temperature will raise.
d) The reduction of emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon-dioxide won’t prevent the shrinking of the
ice cap.
e) None of the above.
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1Vietnam province redefines hydropower development
On the eve of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Summit in Vientiane, Mr. Nguyen Duc
Hai, the Chairman of Quang Nam Provincial People’s Committee, has taken a bold and
visionary stance for sustainable dam development in this Vietnam province. WWF, the
global conservation organization, says this sends a timely and powerful signal to regional
leaders as they seek to manage the pressing challenges of rapid infrastructure
development and economic growth in a sustainable way.
(Disponível em: <www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2008/WWFPresitem7958.html>. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2008.)
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: brave, at the right moment, try to find.
a) stance; timely; take.
b) bold; rapid; send.
c) bold; timely; seek.
d) powerful; rapid; press.
e) powerful; stance; send.
2 – (Unicamp-SP)
This playful satire is the third novel by Brazilian singer and composer
Buarque. The plot revolves around Jose Costa, a Brazilian writer who
ends up in Budapest, where he becomes absorbed by the Hungarian
language. As he scans a Hungarian grammar book, he meets a
woman named Krista, who offers to teach him the language and later
becomes his lover. Although its plot is fanciful, Buarque’s novel raises
serious questions about recreating one's life in a foreign language as
exotic as Hungarian, said to be the only one on earth respected by the
devil. Recommended for readers of imaginative fiction and the
linguistically curious – Jack Shreve.
(Adaptado de http://www.hclib.org/pub/bookspace/discuss/?bib=1055640&Tab=Reviews. Acesso em 12/09/2009.)
Para o autor da resenha acima, o romance Budapeste, apesar de ser uma sátira divertida,
levanta questões sérias. Sobre o que seriam essas questões?
3 - (Fuvest-SP) Leia o seguinte texto e responda, em português, ao que se pede.
Yahoo! wants to reinvent the postage stamp to cut spam. Researchers are testing a
scheme where users pay a cent to charity for each email they send – so clearing their inbox
and conscience simultaneously.
Yahoo! Research’s CentMail resurrects an old idea: that levying a charge on every email
sent would instantly make spamming uneconomic. But because the cent paid for an
accredited “stamp” to appear on each email goes to charity, CentMail’s inventors think it will
be more successful than previous approaches to make email cost. They think the cost to
users is offset by the good feeling of giving to charity.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17577. Acessado em 14/08/2009. Adaptado.
O texto apresenta uma proposta feita pela empresa Yahoo! para diminuir a quantidade de
mensagens eletrônicas indesejadas ou spams. Qual é a proposta?
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5 - (UFMS)
Die-Hard in History
…
Grigory Rasputin: was poisoned, shot four times, and beaten until he finally died from
drowning
Rasputin has been tied in the immortality of history to the ill-fated Romanov family. Some
may even say that he1 was the cause of their destruction. Whatever you may think about
him2: powerful mystic or drunken fruitcake, he wormed his way into the heart of the imperial
family and he just didn't want to go. The legends surrounding the death of Rasputin are
perhaps3 even more mysterious and bizarre than his life. The first attempt on Rasputin's life
failed; on June 29, 1914, after either just receiving a telegram or exiting church, he was
attacked suddenly by Khionia Guseva, a former prostitute. The woman4 thrust a knife into
Rasputin's abdomen, and his entrails hung out of what seemed like a mortal wound.
Convinced of her success, Guseva supposedly screamed, "I have killed the antichrist!".
After intensive surgery, however, Rasputin recovered. It was said of his survival that "the
soul of this cursed muzhik was sewn on his body”.
On December 16, 1916, having decided that Rasputin's influence over the Tsaritsa had
made him a far-too-dangerous threat to the empire, a group of nobles, led by Prince Felix
Yusupov and the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich and politician Vladimir Purishkevich,
apparently lured Rasputin to the Yusupovs' Moika Palace basement, where they served
him cakes and red wine laced with a massive amount of cyanide. According to legend,
Rasputin was unaffected, although Maklakov had supplied enough poison to kill five men.
Determined to finish the job, Yusupov became anxious about the possibility that Rasputin
might live until the morning, leaving the conspirators no time to conceal his body. Yusupov
ran upstairs to consult the others and then came back down to shoot Rasputin through the
back with a revolver. Rasputin fell, and the company left the palace for a while. Yusupov
went to check up on the body. Suddenly, Rasputin opened his eyes and lunged at him.
When he grabbed Prince Yusupov he ominously whispered in Yusupov's ear "you bad boy"
and attempted to escape. Yusopov and his co-conspirators chased Rasputin out into the
yard, shooting him two more times and beating him with a rubber club. To ensure he didn't
rouse again, the men5 tied Rasputin in a blanket and dumped his body into the Neva River.
His body was found with his right arm outstretched, presumably to make the sign of the
cross, indicating that he was still alive when he hit the water and managed to partially free
himself. An autopsy established that the cause of death was drowning. His arms were
found in an upright position, as if he had tried to claw his way out from under the ice (the
Neva Riva freezes between November 25 and December 5, and the ice is gone only by
mid-April). It was found that he had indeed been poisoned, and that the poison alone
should have been enough to kill him.
Source: http://www.oddee.com/item_96861.aspx
Baseado no texto “Die-Hard in History”, é correto afirmar:
(001) Rasputin, segundo a lenda, é imortal.
(002) Rasputin foi envenenado, atingido por tiros, espancado e ferido a faca.
(004) Rasputin foi mortalmente ferido em 29 de junho de 1914.
(008) Guseva considerava Rasputin um anticristo.
(016) Dizia-se que a alma de Muzhik era inseparável de seu corpo.
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6 - (Fuvest-SP)
Texto para a questão.
01 Last month America’s unemployment rate climbed to
02 8,1%, the highest in a quarter of a century. For those
03 newly out of a job, the chances of finding another soon are
04 the worst since records began 50 years ago. In China 20m
05 migrant workers (maybe 3% of the labour force) have
06 been laid off. Cambodia’s textile industry, its main source
07 of exports, has cut one worker in ten. In Spain the
08 building bust has pushed the jobless rate up by two-thirds
09 in a year, to 14.8% in January. And in Japan, where
10 official unemployment used to be all but unknown, tens of
11 thousands of people on temporary contracts are losing not
12 just their jobs but also the housing provided by their
13 employers.
14 The next phase of the world’s economic downturn is
15 taking shape: a global jobs crisis. Its contours are only just
16 becoming clear, but the severity, breadth and likely length
17 of the recession, together with changes in the structure of
18 labour markets in both rich and emerging economies,
19 suggest the world is about to undergo its biggest increase
20 in unemployment for decades.
The Economist, March 14th 2009.
De acordo com o texto, publicado em março de 2009,
a) o aumento de postos de trabalho é vital para as economias emergentes.
b) a crise mundial poderia afetar sobretudo os países mais pobres.
c) a estrutura do mercado de trabalho vigente em países ricos é a principal responsável
pela crise.
d) o mundo poderia enfrentar a maior crise de desemprego das últimas décadas.
e) a crise que a economia mundial vivencia vem sendo anunciada há décadas.
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