Taxas de evolução

hAp://animals.naEonalgeographic.com Taxas de evolução (feno1pica) Prof. Yuri Leite UFES Celacanto Marjorie Courtney-­‐LaEmer La#meria chalumnae Smith 1939 La#meria menadoensis Pouyaud et al. 1999 Evolução dos cavalos (Equidae) 1. Phenacodus. 2. Protorohippus. 3. Mesohippus. 4. Miohippus and Anchitherium. 5 Protohippus. 6. Hipparion. 7. Eqqus hAp://chestoPooks.com/animals/horses/ Evolução dos cavalos (Equidae) a, Hyracotherium; b, Mesohippus; c, Anchitherium; d, Protohippus; e, Hipparion; f, Eqqus 1. Phenacodus. 2. Protorohippus. 3. Mesohippus. 4. Miohippus and Anchitherium. 5 Protohippus. 6. Hipparion. 7. Eqqus a, Anchitherium; b, Hipparion; c, Eqqus hAp://chestoPooks.com/animals/horses/ Evolução dos cavalos (Equidae) hAp://chestoPooks.com/animals/horses/ Evolução dos cavalos (Equidae) Bruce MacFadden Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Outros exemplos Capacidade craniana em Homo: 442 mD em 1 M.a. 850 cc 1330 cc in 1 M.a. => aumento de ~0.01 cc / geração Outros exemplos Tamanho de corpo do pardal (Passer domes#cus): 100.000 mD em 100 anos Aumento rápido de tamanho após introdução no Novo Mundo Mendindo taxas evoluEvas John B. S. Haldane (1892 – 1964) George G. Simpson (1902 – 1984) Philip D. Gingerich (Univ. Michigan) Comparação de taxas evoluEvas Gingerich (2001); hAp://www-­‐personal.umich.edu/~gingeric/PDGrates/Rates.htm Stephen Jay Gould (1941-­‐2002) 1972 hAp://www.veritas-­‐ucsb.org/library/baAson hAp://www.veritas-­‐ucsb.org/library/baAson hAp://www.veritas-­‐ucsb.org/library/baAson Gradualismo FiléEco x Equilíbrio Pontuado hAp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton hAp://evoluEon.berkeley.edu/ Estase hAp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton Evolu&on of Pelycodus an early Eocene Primate from Big Horn Basin, Wyoming hAp://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Pelycodus_evoluEon.htm Fig. 3 (a) Gradual change in the diameter of the first chamber (proloculus) of the benthic foraminiferal species Lepidolina mul#septata through a long middle-­‐upper Permian Eme interval (approx. 10 million years)(aFer T. Ozawa, 1975). (b) Punctuated change in a series of Caribbean bryozoan species belonging to the genus Metrarabdotos through a 24-­‐million-­‐year interval (aFer A. H. Cheetham, 1986). (c) Morphological change in thorax width of AntarcEc populaEons of the radiolarian species Pseudocubus vema over a 3.5-­‐million-­‐year interval. (aFer D. E. Kellogg 1975). hAp://www.accessscience.com/ Prothero 1992 Caracteres discretos: Dipnoi Pirambóia (Lepidosiren paradoxa) Dipterus Taxas taxonômicas