da publicação

Transcrição

da publicação

FLC
Fundação Liberdade e Cidadania
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
UM DESAFIO POLÍTICO NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Brasília
2013
6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFD²8P'HVDÀR3ROtWLFRQD$PpULFD/DWLQD
,GHDOL]DomR
José Carlos Aleluia
Peter Fischer-Bollin
&RRUGHQDomR7pFQLFD
Paulo Gouvêa da Costa
Ana Escobar
'HJUDYDomR
Sema Traduções e Interpretações
7UDGXomR(GLomR
Cynthia Renee Garcia
Capa
Agência B5
)RWRV
Walter Pontes / Coperphoto
,PSUHVVmR$FDEDPHQWR
*UiÀFDH(GLWRUD([HFXWLYD/WGD
'HPRFUDWDV²'LUHWyULR1DFLRQDO
Fundação Liberdade e Cidadania
6HQDGR)HGHUDO²$QH[R,²DQGDU
%UDVtOLD²')²
ZZZÁFRUJEU
ZZZGHPRFUDWDVRUJEU
Ficha Catalográfica
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Instituto Tancredo Neves.
Segurança pública : um desafio político na América Latina / Instituto Tancredo Neves. – Brasília : Gráfica e
Editora Rossetto, 2013.
112 p. : il.
ISBN 978-85-89304-06-1
1. Segurança Pública. 2. Políticas Públicas. 3. América Latina. I. Título.
CDU 351.75
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Segurança Pública
8P'HVDÀR3ROtWLFRQD$PpULFD/DWLQD
1RGLDGHPDUoRGHD)/&)XQGDomR/LEHUGDGHH&LGDGDQLD
GR 3DUWLGR 'HPRFUDWDV GR %UDVLO H D .$6 )XQGDomR .RQUDG $GHQDXHU GR
&68GD$OHPDQKDSURPRYHUDPHP6DOYDGRU%DKLDRVHPLQiULRLQWHUQDFLRQDO
LQWLWXODGR´6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFD²8P'HVDÀR3ROtWLFRQD$PpULFD/DWLQDµ
3URFXUDQGRDSURYHLWDUDVH[SHULrQFLDVEHPVXFHGLGDVGH%RJRWiHGH
RXWUDVFLGDGHVFRORPELDQDVHSURMHWDULGHLDVHSURSRVWDVGHYDOLGDGHSDUDWRGD
D$PpULFD/DWLQDD.$6HD)/&OHYDUDPD6DOYDGRUDXWRULGDGHVHPVHJXUDQoD
GD&RO{PELDHWDPEpPGR%UDVLO0p[LFR3DQDPi3DUDJXDL9HQH]XHOD&KLOHH
$UJHQWLQD
$SUHVHQWHSXEOLFDomRWUD]DJRUDDS~EOLFRDPDLRUSDUWHGHVVHVGHSRLPHQWRV(PERUDDVDERUGDJHQVWHQKDPVLGRIHLWDVQRFRQWH[WRGHVXDV
OLo}HVHUHFRPHQGDo}HVSHUPDQHFHPULJRURVDPHQWHDWXDLV
'HSXWDGR0HQGRQoD)LOKR
3UHVLGHQWHHPH[HUFtFLRGD)XQGDomR/LEHUGDGHH&LGDGDQLD
3
4
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
SUMÁRIO
,QWURGXomR..............................................................................................7
- José Carlos Aleluia ....................................................................................................... 7
- Peter Fischer-Bollin ....................................................................................................... 9
- Cesar Maia.................................................................................................................. 11
6HP6HJXUDQoDQmRKi'HPRFUDFLD ..............................................15
Paola Holguín
27UiÀFRpDSHQDVPDLVXPD$PHDoD............................................27
Ebrahim Asvat
e3UHFLVR9DORUL]DUDV3ROtFLDV .......................................................33
José Vicente da Silva Filho
2V'HVDÀRVGD3DUWLFLSDomRGD6RFLHGDGH&LYLO ............................39
Rocío San Miguel
8P1RYR3DUDGLJPDQR&RPEDWHj9LROrQFLDHDR1DUFRWUiÀFR.........47
Sebastián Acha
9LVLWDQGR'HOHJDFLDV ......................................................................55
Klarissa Almeida Silva
6HJXUDQoDFRP7HFQRORJLDH&LGDGDQLD .........................................59
Antônio Ferreira Pinto
$*HVWmRGD6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFD/Lo}HVH7DUHIDVSDUDR6XFHVVR........67
Patrício Tudela
e3UHFLVR5HFRQVWUXLU9DORUHV ........................................................75
Gonzalo Fuentes y Arballo
(VWUDWpJLDVFRPXQLFDFLRQDLVHPPDWpULDGHVHJXUDQoD
S~EOLFDSDUD$PpULFD/DWLQD$FXOWXUDGDOHJDOLGDGH ...............93
Carlos Alberto Carranza
5
6
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
,QWURGXomR
Engenheiro eletricista. Presidente da Fundação
Liberdade e Cidadania e vice-presidente nacional do Democratas.
Deputado Federal (1990-2010). Presidiu a Companhia Hidrelétrica
do São Francisco - Chesf. É professor da UFBA.
(PPDUoRGHR'HPRFUDWDVSURPRYHXQD%DKLDRVHPLQiULR´6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDXP'HVDÀR3ROtWLFRQD$PpULFD/DWLQDµ2REMHWLYRGHVVHHYHQWRIRLSURPRYHURGHEDWHSROtWLFRVREUHRGHVDÀRGDVHJXUDQoDHDYDOLDUDVVXDV
FRQVHTXrQFLDV QDV SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV $ LQVSLUDomR YHLR GD )XQGDomR .RQUDG
$GHQDXHU$VHXFRQYLWHQyVGD)XQGDomR/LEHUGDGHH&LGDGDQLDWLYHPRVRSRUWXQLGDGHGHSDUWLFLSDUHP&LXGDG-XiUH]QR0p[LFRGHXPHYHQWRTXHRFXSRX
HVSDoRQDPtGLDHPIXQomRGHYLROHQWRVLQFLGHQWHVHQYROYHQGRRQDUFRWUiÀFR
UHJLVWUDGRVQDRFDVLmR2%UDVLOKRMHSDGHFHGRPHVPRPDO$VHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDIRLHVTXHFLGD$YLROrQFLDHDWROHUkQFLDGRVJRYHUQRVWDQWRQD%DKLDTXDQWR
QR3DtVDVVXVWDPWRGRVRVEUDVLOHLURV2TXHPDLVSUHRFXSDpTXHHPPXLWRV
FDVRV Mi QmR FDXVDP LQGLJQDomR 1mR Ki QR %UDVLO XPD SROtWLFD QDFLRQDO GH
VHJXUDQoDS~EOLFD2JRYHUQRIHGHUDOLQVLVWHHPGL]HUTXHRSUREOHPDGHVHJXUDQoDpGRVHVWDGRVTXDQGRWRGRVVDEHPTXHRWUiÀFRGHGURJDVRWUiÀFRGH
DUPDVHRFULPHRUJDQL]DGRQmRWrPIURQWHLUDV$VSROtFLDVHVWmRGHVDSDUHOKDGDVHGHVPRWLYDGDV1RFDVRHVSHFtÀFRGD%DKLDFRPDPXGDQoDGHJRYHUQR
GHVPRQWRXVHDSROtFLDWpFQLFDGHVPRQWRXVHDLQWHOLJrQFLDGDSROtFLDEDLDQD
&RPIUHTXrQFLDDVSROtFLDVGR%UDVLOVmRXWLOL]DGDVSDUDSURWDJRQL]DU
HVSHWiFXORVFRPREMHWLYRPHUDPHQWHHOHLWRUDOHH[LVWHPJUDYHVGHQ~QFLDVGH
TXH R DSDUDWR SROLFLDO PXLWDV YH]HV p XVDGR SDUD LQYHVWLJDU DSHQDV RV DGYHUViULRV SROtWLFRV 1R VHPLQiULR ´,QVHJXUDQoD 'RU (YLWiYHOµ RFRUULGR QD &LXGDG
-XiUH]QR0p[LFRYHULÀFDPRVXPDVHPHOKDQoDPXLWRJUDQGHHQWUHRVUHODWRV
DVSHVVRDVWrPPHGRGHDQGDUQDUXD(WDPEpPXPDHQRUPHGLIHUHQoDQR
0p[LFRRJRYHUQRHQWHQGHXTXHDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDpXPDTXHVWmRYLWDOSDUD
DFRQWLQXLGDGHGR(VWDGR
1R QRVVR SDtV Ki XPD WROHUkQFLD RÀFLDO FRP D YLRODomR GRV GLUHLWRV
7
LQGLYLGXDLVFRPLQYDV}HVGHSURSULHGDGHVXUEDQDVHUXUDLVHFRPDFRUUXSomR
LQVWDODGDQRVHLRGRJRYHUQREUDVLOHLUR2PDLRUH[HPSORGDOHQLrQFLDGRVDWXDLV
GRQRVGRSRGHUpRWUiÀFRGHLQÁXrQFLDSUDWLFDGRSRUXPH[PLQLVWURFKHIHGD
&DVD &LYLO WUiÀFR HVWH FRQVDJUDGR UHFRQKHFLGR H DFHLWR SRU WRGR R JRYHUQR
(VWDpXPDVLWXDomRGHFRPSOHWDLQYHUVmRGHYDORUHVDTXDOWHPXPHIHLWRFRJQLWLYRPXLWRIRUWHQRVMRYHQVEUDVLOHLURV5HFRUGRPHGRWHPSRHPTXHVHSRGLD
QRLQWHULRUGD%DKLDRXGHRXWURHVWDGREUDVLOHLURWUDEDOKDUQDSHTXHQDYLODRX
QDFLGDGHHGRUPLUQDURoD-iQmRVHSRGHID]HULVVRQR%UDVLO2PHGRHD
LQVHJXUDQoDID]HPSDUWHGRFRWLGLDQRGDPDLRULDGRVEUDVLOHLURV
2VWH[WRVDVHJXLUIRUDPHVFULWRVDSDUWLUGDVSDOHVWUDVUHDOL]DGDVGXUDQte o Seminário e são grande contribuição para o debate sobre uma política de
VHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDSDUDR%UDVLO
8
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Peter Fischer-Bollin
Doutor em Ciência Política. Diretor de Recursos
Humanos da Fundação Konrad Adenauer (KAS) na Alemanha.
Diretor de Política e Comunicação da CDU (União Cristã-Democrata)
no estado de Nordrhein-Westfalen (2011-2012). Representante no
Brasil (2009-2011) e diretor do Programa Regional de Políticas
Sociais na América Latina (2008-2009) da KAS.
$)XQGDomR.RQUDG$GHQDXHUpXPDIXQGDomRSROtWLFDYLQFXODGDDXP
SDUWLGRSROtWLFRDOHPmR²D8QLmR'HPRFUDWD&ULVWm&'8²TXHWHPFRPRREMHWLYRSURPRYHUGLVFXVV}HVHQWUHDWRUHVGHTXDOTXHULQVWkQFLDSROtWLFD1yVFRRSHUDPRVHPHYHQWRVWDLVFRPRRÀFLQDVGHEDWHVHFRQIHUrQFLDVHWDPEpPSXEOLFDo}HVVREUHDVVXQWRVFRPRGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVHFRQRPLDVRFLDOGHPHUFDGR
SROtWLFDLQWHUQDFLRQDOHDGPLQLVWUDomRGHUHFXUVRVYLVDQGRjVXVWHQWDELOLGDGH2
QRVVRDOYRSULQFLSDOpSURPRYHUDGHPRFUDFLDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDR(VWDGRGH'LUHLWRHDMXVWLoDVRFLDO
6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDpXPWHPDUHODFLRQDGRDDOJXPDVGHVVDVGLUHWUL]HV
GDQRVVDIXQGDomRHSRULVVRQRVGHGLFDPRVDRDVVXQWRQmRDSHQDVQR%UDVLO
PDVWDPEpPHPRXWURVSDtVHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQD2EWLYHPRVGRVFROHJDVXPD
OLVWDGHHVSHFLDOLVWDVSROtWLFRVGHRXWURVSDtVHVUHXQLGRVSDUDHVWHGHEDWHFXMR
IRFRpROHYDQWDPHQWRGHGDGRVHRLQWHUFkPELRGHLGHLDVYLVDQGRDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHFRQFOXV}HVSDUDFDGDSUREOHPDUHDOQD$PpULFD/DWLQD6DEHPRV
TXH QHP VHPSUH FRSLDU VROXo}HV RIHUHFH UHVXOWDGRV VDWLVIDWyULRV PDV HVVDV
H[SHULrQFLDVSRGHPVHUYLUSDUDRDSUHQGL]DGRGRVGHPDLV
$OHJURPH SRU HVWDU GH YROWD HP 6DOYDGRU $ PLQKD SHUFHSomR p GH
TXHYLROrQFLDHLQVHJXUDQoDQmRVHOLPLWDPjVJUDQGHVFLGDGHVRXPHWUySROHV
FRPR5LRGH-DQHLURH6mR3DXOR7UDWDVHGHXPSUREOHPDQDFLRQDOHGHkPELWRPXQGLDOeLPSRUWDQWHUHFRQKHFHUSURWHVWDUHH[LJLUGDVDXWRULGDGHVSROtWLFDVTXHFRQVLGHUHPRWHPDFRPDGHYLGDVHULHGDGHQmRVRPHQWHSRUFDXVD
GDSUy[LPD&RSDGR0XQGRRXSHODYLQGDGHYLVLWDQWHVHVWUDQJHLURV(VVDGHYH
VHUXPDREULJDomRFRQVWDQWHGHUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGHOHJLVODWLYRVH[HFXWLYRVHMX-
9
GLFLiULRVHPFDGDQtYHOGHJRYHUQRHSDUDREHPGDVRFLHGDGHFRPRXPWRGR
'HYLGRjREYLHGDGHGDUHOHYkQFLDGHVVHWHPDSURSXVHPRVHVWHVHPLQiULRSDUDUHXQLUH[SHULrQFLDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVHRIHUHFHUDRVVHQKRUHVXPDSURJUDPDomRFRPLQ~PHURVSRQWRVGHGHEDWHRSDSHOGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOSROtWLFDV
S~EOLFDVH[LWRVDVHRSDSHOGDFRPXQLFDomRSRUH[HPSOR1HVVHVHQWLGRDJUDGHoRDSUHVHQoDGHWRGRVHj)XQGDomR/LEHUGDGHH&LGDGDQLDQDVSHVVRDV
GHVHXSUHVLGHQWHGHSXWDGR-RVp&DUORV$OHOXLDHVHXGLUHWRU3DXOR*RXYrD
FRP TXHP D )XQGDomR .RQUDG $GHQDXHU RUJDQL]RX HVVH VHPLQiULR (VSHUR
TXHVHMDXPHYHQWRPXLWRSURYHLWRVRSDUDWRGRVQyV
10
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Cesar Maia
Economista. Ex-prefeito do Rio de Janeiro.
Atual Vice-Presidente da Internacional Democrata de Centro – IDC.
Vereador (RJ).
Ameaças para a Segurança Pública
QD$PpULFD/DWLQD
A situação da segurança pública na América Latina nos últimos anos
GHYHVHUYLVWDFRQFHLWXDOHRSHUDFLRQDOPHQWH2TXHYtDPRVDQRVDWUiVHUDXPD
curva ascendente de hegemonia das ideias que tratavam a mediação como a
TXHVWmRIXQGDPHQWDO2TXHSDVVDPRVDYHUQRV~OWLPRVDQRVIRLDSUHYDOrQFLD
da corrente que entende que essa é uma questão que deve ter como elemento
GRPLQDQWHDGHVHVWUXWXUDomRGRFULPHRUJDQL]DGR(VVDWHPVLGRDGLQkPLFDQD
JUDQGHPDLRULDGRVSDtVHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQD'RSRQWRGHYLVWDRSHUDFLRQDOD
VLWXDomRSLRURXSUDWLFDPHQWHHPWRGRVRVSDtVHV6HPSUHKiH[FHo}HVjUHJUD
1R0p[LFRDVLWXDomRVHWRUQDGUDPiWLFD$JRUDLQFOXLHPSUHVDVWHUFHLUL]DGDV
DUWLFXODGDV D FDUWpLV $ ODYDJHPGHGLQKHLUR YLQGR GRV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV pIHLWD
QR SUySULR 0p[LFR +i XPD GLYHUVLGDGH GH SURGXWRV FRP RV TXDLV RV FDUWpLV
trabalham e uma diversidade de atividades com vistas à lavagem de dinheiro e
RFXOWDomRGRVUHVSRQViYHLV
1D$PpULFD&HQWUDOFRPVXDVJDQJXHVDVLWXDomRWDPEpPpGHXPD
FXUYDGHDJUDYDPHQWR$VSDQGLOKDVRSHUDYDPEDVLFDPHQWHQDH[WRUVmRKRMH
WDPEpPHVWmRQRWUiÀFRGHGURJDVHQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVDOJXPDVMiVmRWHUFHLUL]DGDV SHORV FDUWpLV PH[LFDQRV 2V FRUUHGRUHV GH WUiÀFR GH GURJDV IRUDP
DFUHVFHQWDGRVQmRDSHQDVQD$PpULFD&HQWUDOPDVQR&DULEH(P+RQGXUDV
GXUDQWHRJRYHUQRGRSUHVLGHQWH=HOD\DDVSLVWDVGHSRXVRTXHUHFHELDPDV
DYLRQHWDVFRPGURJDVGD9HQH]XHODVHPXOWLSOLFDUDP2+DLWLHUDXPDEDVHGH
WUiÀFRGHGURJDVTXHFRQFRUULDFRPRVHXSUySULR3,%1D*XDWHPDODFLUFXODP
HPGLUHomRDRPHUFDGRDPHULFDQRSUDWLFDPHQWHWRQHODGDVGHFRFDtQD$
11
*XDWHPDODRÀFLDOPHQWHpXPJUDQGHH[SRUWDGRUGHEHErV1XPPHUFDGRGH
PLOK}HVGHGyODUHV
$9HQH]XHODRVWHQVLYDPHQWHDEULJDRVQDUFRJXHUULOKHLURVHpXPFRUUHGRUGHFRFDtQD)D]SDUWHGRFRPSOH[RH[SRUWDGRUGHFRFDtQD&DUDFDVSDVVRX
DVHUMXQWRFRP6DQ6DOYDGRUDFDSLWDOPDLVYLROHQWDGDV$PpULFDVDWLQJLQGRHP
XPtQGLFHGHSRXFRPDLVGHKRPLFtGLRVSRUPLOKDELWDQWHV$%ROtYLDYrGHEDL[RGDJXDUGDHSURWHomRGRSUHVLGHQWH(YR0RUDOHVDH[SDQVmRGD
SURGXomRGHFRFD2FRQVXPRGHFRFDtQDGR%UDVLOpEDVLFDPHQWHGHRULJHP
EROLYLDQDHSHUXDQD
1D&RO{PELDKRXYHXPDVLWXDomRGHUHYHUVmRHRVFDVRVGH%RJRWi
H0HGHOOtQVmRFRQVLGHUDGRVH[HPSODUHV0DVMiYLPRVQRV~OWLPRVGRLVDQRV
XP TXDGUR GH SLRUD DFHQWXDGD QR FDVR GH 0HGHOOtQ WDPEpP PHQVXUDGD SRU
KRPLFtGLRVGRORVRVSRUPLOKDELWDQWHV6HD&RO{PELDpRPDLRUSURGXWRU
PXQGLDOGHFRFDtQDR3DUDJXDLpRPDLRUSURGXWRUPXQGLDOGHPDFRQKD(VWDPRVIDODQGRGHXPDSURGXWLYLGDGHGHWUrVWRQHODGDVSRUKHFWDUH1DIURQWHLUD
FRP R %UDVLO D SURGXomR p IHLWD SRU SDUDJXDLRV H EUDVLOHLURV 1R 3DUDJXDL D
SURGXomREUXWDDOFDQoDPLOWRQHODGDV(P6mR3DXORJUDPDVGHPDFRQKD
SDUDJXDLDVmRYHQGLGRVDWUrVGyODUHV
2%UDVLOGHVGHRÀPGRVDQRVVHPSUHIRLXPFRUUHGRUGHH[SRUWDomR GH FRFDtQD FRORPELDQD SHUXDQD H EROLYLDQD HP GLUHomR j (XURSD $
FRFDtQDDQWHVHQWUDYDSHOROLWRUDOGD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD0DVDJRUDKRXYHXPD
PXGDQoD GH HL[R SDVVRX D HQWUDU SHOD ÉIULFD 2FLGHQWDO *XLQp %LVVDX KRMH
pXPQDUFR(VWDGR&RPLVVRRFRUUHGRUGHH[SRUWDomRGHFRFDtQDVHPWHU
VDtGRGRVDHURSRUWRVHSRUWRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVVHGHVORFRXSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUD
RQRUGHVWHEUDVLOHLUReLVVRTXHH[SOLFDSRUTXH0DFHLySDVVRXDVHUDFDSLWDO
EUDVLOHLUDFRPPDLRUtQGLFHGHKRPLFtGLRVHQTXDQWR6DOYDGRUSDVVRXDRFXSDU
RVHJXQGROXJDU
Se pudéssemos colocar um termômetro para medir a temperatura da violência
QRVPXQLFtSLRVOLWRUkQHRVQRUGHVWLQRVRQGHH[LVWHSRVVLELOLGDGHGHYRRGHDYLRQHWDVHGHDWUDFDPHQWRGHEDUFRVFDSD]HVGHQDYHJDURFHDQRDGHQWURJDUDQWLdamente várias dessas cidades apresentariam índices semelhantes ou maiores
TXHRVGH6DOYDGRUH0DFHLy
$VRIHUWDVGHFRFDtQDHGHPDFRQKDVmRHOiVWLFDV$UHSUHVVmRDRWUi &DVDLVDPHULFDQRVDGRWDPLOHJDOPHQWHEHErVGDHWQLDPDLDTXHFRQVLGHUDPRVPDLVERQLWRVFRPDFXPSOLFLGDGHGHDGYRJDGRVORFDLV
12
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
ÀFRHDRFRPpUFLRWHUPLQDDIHWDQGRRSUHoRGDFRFDtQDRXGDPDFRQKDPDV
QmRDRIHUWD$FDSDFLGDGHSRWHQFLDOGHSURGXomRGD&RO{PELDHVWiHPWRUQR
GH WRQHODGDV H D FDSDFLGDGH GH FRQVXPR GR PHUFDGR DPHULFDQR HVWi
SRUYROWDGHWRQHODGDV$FDSDFLGDGHGHFRQVXPRGHFRFDtQDQRPHUFDGR
EUDVLOHLURHVWiSRUYROWDGHWRQHODGDV1DUHSUHVVmRDRWUiÀFRRTXHYDULDp
RSUHoR,VVRID]FRPTXHRGHVDÀRVHMDDWXDUQDSUHYHQomRQDUHSUHVVmRQR
YDUHMRQRDWDFDGRHHVSHFLDOPHQWHQDSURGXomRWDPEpPRQGHpDJUDQGHGLÀFXOGDGH4XDQGRXPSDtVUHVLVWHDHVVHWLSRGHDomRFRQVRUFLDGDJHUDOTXH
p R FDVR KRMH GD %ROtYLD WHPVH XPD VLWXDomR H[WUHPDPHQWH GHOLFDGD 1yV
ODWLQRDPHULFDQRVQyVEUDVLOHLURVWHPRVIUDFDVVDGRHSLRUjPHGLGDTXHR
HOHLWRU YDL VH GDQGR FRQWD GHVVHV IUDFDVVRV UHLWHUDGRV D VHJXUDQoD S~EOLFD
GHL[DGHVHUXPWHPDUHOHYDQWHSDUDÀQVHOHLWRUDLVSRUSHVVLPLVPR4XHPHQtra no tema de segurança pública passa a ser percebido como mais um lançador
GHSURPHVVDV(VVHpXPWHPDSULRULWiULRMXQWRFRPVD~GHHHPSUHJRPDVDR
PHVPRWHPSRpXPWHPDDRTXDORHOHLWRUWHQGHDQmRGDUFUpGLWRDWpTXHVH
UHYHUWDHVWHTXDGURGHYLROrQFLDDVVRFLDGDDRWUiÀFRGHGURJDV
13
14
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Sem Segurança não
há Democracia
Paola Holguín
1
Paola Holguín
Especialista em Segurança Pública, professora da Universidade
Pontifícia Bolivariana e ex-assessora de Governo da Colômbia e
do Governo do México.
4XDQGRQRVFRQYLGDUDPSDUDHVWHIRURFRPRREMHWLYRGHDQDOLVDURV
GHVDÀRV SDUD D $PpULFD /DWLQD SHQVDPRV HP OHYDQWDU RV GRLV SULQFLSDLV GHVDÀRV GRV SDtVHV ODWLQRDPHULFDQRV KRMH DVVHJXUDU XPD RUGHP GHPRFUiWLFD
TXHHVWHMDGRWDGDGHLQVWLWXLo}HVFDGDYH]PDLVIRUWHVHUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVFRP
PDLRUSDUWLFLSDomRFLGDGmHHPVHJXQGRFRQVHJXLUXPDDomRJRYHUQDPHQWDO
HÀFLHQWHTXHSRVVDDFRPSDQKDUDPRGHUQLGDGH
,VVRQRVSHUPLWLULDWHUXPDPDLRUHPDLVOHJtWLPDJRYHUQDELOLGDGHHDVVLPWHUtDPRVLQVWLWXLo}HVHVWDWDLVPDLVIRUWHVFRPPHOKRUUHODomRHQWUH(VWDGR
HVRFLHGDGHFLYLO$OpPGLVVRJDQKDUtDPRVXPFRQWUROHGDVLQVWkQFLDVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVFDSD]GHQRVGDUUHVSRVWDVjVQHFHVVLGDGHVVRFLDLVGHQRVVRVSRYRV
3DUDTXHLVVRRFRUUDDFUHGLWDPRVTXHRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHpIRUWDOHFHUQRVVD
GHPRFUDFLDRTXHVHSRGHFRQVHJXLUREVHUYDQGRFLQFRHOHPHQWRVEiVLFRV3ULPHLURVHJXUDQoDFRPDOFDQFHGHPRFUiWLFR2XVHMDVHJXUDQoDSDUDWRGRVFRQWUDULDPHQWHjYHOKDGRXWULQDGHVHJXUDQoDQDFLRQDOTXHIDYRUHFLDVRPHQWHDPLJRVGR
JRYHUQR1HFHVVLWDPRVJDUDQWLUDVHJXUDQoDSDUDRVDPLJRVHRSRVLWRUHVSDUDRV
LQGXVWULDLVVLQGLFDOLVWDVSURIHVVRUHVHQÀPSDUDWRGRV
2VHJXQGRHOHPHQWRpDSURWHomRHIHWLYDGDVOLEHUGDGHVS~EOLFDV
2WHUFHLURHOHPHQWRpDWUDQVSDUrQFLDFRPRIDWRUGHFRQÀDQoDQmRVRPHQWHQDVLQVWLWXLo}HVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVPDVHQWUHRVFLGDGmRV
2TXDUWRHOHPHQWRpRGDFRHVmRVRFLDOHQWHQGLGDFRPRDHUUDGLFDomRGDSREUH]DHDJHUDomRGHLJXDOGDGHFRPRHOHPHQWRTXHIRUQHoDVXVWHQWDELOLGDGH
DRVLVWHPDHDRVQRVVRVJRYHUQRV
2TXLQWRHOHPHQWRpRUHVSHLWRjVLQVWLWXLo}HVTXHIRUPDPR(VWDGR6H
QmRUHVSHLWDUPRVDGLYLVmRGRV3RGHUHVVHQmRUHVSHLWDUPRVDLQGHSHQGrQFLD
GDVLQVWLWXLo}HVRTXHWHUHPRVVHUmRGLWDGXUDVFRPYRWRV
15
Sem Segurança não há Democracia
ePXLWRLPSRUWDQWHTXHDQDOLVHPRVQRVVDVGHPRFUDFLDVDSDUWLUGHVVHV
FLQFRHOHPHQWRVSDUDVDEHUVHWHPRVGHPRFUDFLDVLQVWLWXFLRQDLVRXQmRVHVmR
UHJLGDVSRUXPDRUGHPGHPRFUiWLFDRXSRUFDSULFKRVSHVVRDLVVHVmRSURJUHVVLVWDVRXUHWDUGDWiULDVLQFOXGHQWHVRXH[FOXGHQWHV
$VHJXUDQoDpRTXHQRVGDUiJDUDQWLDGHTXHLVVRIXQFLRQH$VHJXUDQoDQmRpXPÀPHPVLPHVPRpXPPHLRTXHSUHFLVDPRVDQDOLVDUVREYiULDV
SHUVSHFWLYDV
(PSULPHLUROXJDUVXSHUDQGRDYHOKDGLVSXWDHQWUHHVTXHUGDHGLUHLWD
TXHVHWDQWRVHUYLXSDUDGLYLGLURVQRVVRVSDtVHVTXDQGRGDVGLWDGXUDVPLOLWDUHV
KRMHpXPDGLYLVmRREVROHWD$JRUDTXHYLYHPRVHPUHJLPHVGHPRFUiWLFRVR
TXHWHPRVTXHID]HUpIRUWDOHFHUQRVVDVGHPRFUDFLDVDSDUWLUGRVFLQFRHOHPHQWRVMiFLWDGRV
$OpPGLVVRDVHJXUDQoDpLPSRUWDQWHSRUTXHpDFLPDGHWXGRXPGLUHLWRKXPDQReXPEHPS~EOLFRDTXHWRGRVRVFLGDGmRVGHYHPWHUDFHVVRHP
LJXDOGDGHGHFRQGLo}HV$VHJXUDQoDpRUHTXLVLWRSDUDTXHWHQKDPRVUHDOPHQWHOLEHUGDGHHGLUHLWRVJDUDQWLGRVHPQRVVRVSDtVHV$VHJXUDQoDWDPEpPpR
cimento da democracia porque permite que tenhamos uma verdadeira oposiomR(QWUHWDQWRpLPSRUWDQWHGHOLPLWDUXPDOLQKDFODUDHQWUHRGLUHLWRDGLVFRUGDU
HXPDFRQGXWDFULPLQRVD
2XWUDFRLVDPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHpTXHVRPHQWHDVHJXUDQoDJDUDQWHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHDSURVSHULGDGHHFRQ{PLFD1D&RO{PELDIDODPRVHPXPFtUFXORYLUWXRVR$VHJXUDQoDSHUPLWHTXHKDMDFRQÀDQoDSRUSDUWHGRVLQYHVWLGRUHV
TXHKDMDFUHVFLPHQWRHFRQ{PLFRHLVVRSHUPLWHTXHJHUHPRVEHPHVWDUDQRVVRV SRYRV HUUDGLFDQGR D SREUH]D FDVR FRQWUiULR VRPHQWH FRPSDUWLOKDUHPRV
XP GLVFXUVR GHPDJyJLFR 8P SDtV TXH QmR FUHVFH HFRQRPLFDPHQWH Vy WHUi
SREUH]DSDUDGLVWULEXLU
Também é importante observar que a segurança não pode ser um diYLVRULGHROyJLFR$VHJXUDQoDQmRpXPSUREOHPDGHHVTXHUGDRXGLUHLWDQHP
pXPSUREOHPDGHRUGHPPLOLWDU8P(VWDGRTXHHQIUHQWDRQDUFRWUiÀFRRWHUURULVPRHRVVHTXHVWURVRXSURFXUDDVROXomRSHODYLDSROtWLFDRXVXFXPEHj
DQDUTXLD$VVLPVHQGRQmRKiHVFROKD'HSHQGHQGRGRPRPHQWRTXHRVSDtVHVYLYHPRDVVXQWRGDVHJXUDQoDVHUiPDLVRXPHQRVSULRULWiULRSRUpPVHUi
VHPSUHIXQGDPHQWDOHPWRGDVDVQDo}HV7DPEpPPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHpRIDWRGH
TXHWHUVHJXUDQoDVLJQLÀFDHVWDUOLYUHGHDPHDoDVQRSUHVHQWHHQRIXWXURPDVp
QHFHVViULRLUDOpPSRLVSUHFLVDPRVHQWHQGHUVHJXUDQoDFRPRXPDVVXQWRTXH
16
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Paola Holguín
LPSOLFDTXDOLGDGHGHYLGDLQWHJUDOGRFLGDGmR'HVWDPDQHLUDpPXLWRLPSRUWDQWH
HQWHQGHUTXHTXDQGRIDODPRVGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDTXHUHPRVLU
DOpPGDUHSUHVVmRHGRFRQWUROHWUDWDQGRWDPEpPGDVTXHVW}HVGHSUHYHQomR
HUHDELOLWDomR
2V SDtVHV GD QRVVD RUJDQL]DomR HQIUHQWDP KRMH PXLWDV DPHDoDV
8PDGHODVpRFULPHRUJDQL]DGR2FULPHRUJDQL]DGRWHPYiULDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
H D SULPHLUD p HVFDSDU DRV FRQWUROHV JRYHUQDPHQWDLV 2XWUD p VXD HVWUXWXUD
TXHpPXLWRFRPSOH[DVLPLODUjVHVWUXWXUDVHPSUHVDULDLVTXHJHUDOPHQWHYLVDP
PDLVRSRGHUHFRQ{PLFRHRXVRFLDOGRTXHRSRGHUSROtWLFR$OpPGLVVRRFULPH
RUJDQL]DGRpWUDQVQDFLRQDOFRPJUDQGHFDSDFLGDGHGHDGDSWDomRDQRYRVFRQWH[WRVeDOWDPHQWHHVSHFLDOL]DGRFRQGX]LQGRPXLWREHPDODYDJHPGHGLQKHLUR
R WUiÀFR GH DUPDV R WUiÀFR GH GURJDV H GH SHVVRDV (VWH p XP SRQWR PXLWR
LPSRUWDQWHTXHGHYHVHUOHYDGRHPFRQVLGHUDomRSRUTXHSRUH[HPSORQRVVRV
(VWDGRVVHDGDSWDPIiFLOHUDSLGDPHQWHjVQRYDVFRQGLo}HVVHPTXHWHQKDP
XPDHVSHFLDOL]DomRQHFHVViULDSDUDFRPEDWHUHVVHWLSRGHFULPH
7RPHVHSRUH[HPSORDODYDJHPGHGLQKHLUR(PQRVVRVSDtVHV pFDGDYH]
PDLVGLItFLOFRQWURODUGHIRUPDHIHWLYDHVVHSUREOHPDFRPRWDPEpPRWUiÀFRGH
DUPDV2UHJLVWURHRFRQWUROHGHDUPDVQmRVmRWmRHÀFLHQWHVFRPRVHULDGHVHMiYHOHVHHVWLPDTXHGDVDUPDVQRPXQGRGHKRMHHVWmRQDVPmRVGH
SDUWLFXODUHVHQmRQDVGR(VWDGR
2XWUR IDWR LPSRUWDQWH p D SDUWLFLSDomR FDGD YH] PDLRU GH FULDQoDV H
MRYHQVQDVRUJDQL]Do}HVFULPLQRVDVRTXHQRVWUD]QRYRVGHVDÀRVFRPRRGD
SHQDOL]DomRGHVVDSRSXODomRPHQRUGHLGDGH$VGURJDVLOtFLWDV WDPEpPVmR
XPHOHPHQWRYLWDOQHVVDDQiOLVHSRUTXHWUD]HPFDGDYH]PDLVSRGHUjVRUJDQL]Do}HVFULPLQRVDVJHUDQGRXPDVpULHGHYtQFXORVHODoRVHQWUHRQDUFRWUiÀFRH
RWHUURULVPRHQWUHRXWUDVFRLVDV
,JXDOPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH p D TXHVWmR GDV ]RQDV GH IURQWHLUD (P YiULRV
SDtVHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQDFRPRD&RO{PELDRFRQWUROHIURQWHLULoRpFDGDYH]
PDLVGLItFLOWRUQDQGRHVWDV]RQDVXPVDQWXiULRSDUDRVFULPLQRVRV
$ HVVH UHVSHLWR WLYH D RSRUWXQLGDGH GH WUDEDOKDU SRU PXLWR WHPSR QR
0p[LFRRQGHDVTXHVW}HVGHIURQWHLUDHGHFRQWUROHGHDUPDVRFRUUHPQD]RQD
GDIURQWHLUDQRUWHHP&LXGDG-XiUH]7LMXDQDSDUDFLWDUXPH[HPSOR
(PUHODomRj&RO{PELDpXPFDVRH[FHSFLRQDOSRUTXHpXPSDtVTXH
VRIUHXGXUDQWHGpFDGDVFRPDYLROrQFLDGRVQDUFRWUDÀFDQWHVGRVSDUDPLOLWDUHV
HGRVJXHUULOKHLURVPDVDTXHVWmRGHVHJXUDQoDQmRHUDWHPDHOHLWRUDO3DUHFH
17
LQFUtYHOTXHXPSDtVFXMDSULQFLSDODPHDoDpDYLROrQFLDTXHLPSHGLXVHXFUHVFLPHQWRHFRQ{PLFRHLQFUHPHQWRXDSREUH]DQmRHVWLYHVVHIRFDGRHPTXHVW}HV
GHVHJXUDQoDSRUTXHQmRGDYDYRWRV
4XDQGRRWHPDpIXQGDPHQWDOSRLVFRPRMiIRLGLWRDVHJXUDQoDpXP
GLUHLWRKXPDQRpLQFRQFHEtYHOTXHXPJRYHUQRQmRVHRFXSHGHVVDTXHVWmRRX
TXHLUDSROLWL]DURDVVXQWRTXHWHPTXHHVWDUDFLPDGDVTXHVW}HVSDUWLGiULDV
8PERPH[HPSORGRTXHSRGHVHUIHLWRpRSDFWRTXHD(VSDQKDIH]
FRPUHVSHLWRDR(7$SRUPHLRGRTXDOWRGRVRVSDUWLGRVDFRUGDUDPXPFRPSURPLVVRPtQLPRSDUDHQIUHQWDUMXQWRVHVVDDPHDoDWHUURULVWD
(QWUHYiULDVFRLVDVLPSRUWDQWHVSRGHPRVGL]HUTXHDSROtWLFDGHVHJXUDQoDQmRSRGHVHUXPDSROtWLFDGHJRYHUQRVPDVVLPXPDSROtWLFDGHHVWDGR
7HPTXHVHUXPDSROtWLFDGHORQJRSUD]RVXSUDSDUWLGiULDS~EOLFDWHPTXHWHU
SHVRHFRQWUDSHVRSDUDVHUHÀFLHQWHHLQHTXtYRFD2XVHMDSDUDJHUDUSROtWLFDV
S~EOLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDpPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHDSDUWLFLSDomRGHWRGRVRUJDQL]Do}HVFLYLVSDUWLGRVSROtWLFRVHPHLRVGHFRPXQLFDomR
(PQRVVRVSDtVHVWDPEpPSUHFLVDPRVUHJXODPHQWDUDTXHVWmRGDVHJXUDQoDSULYDGDeLPSRUWDQWHGHL[DUPRVSDUDWUiVDYLVmRPLOLWDULVWDGRDVVXQWR
GD VHJXUDQoD Mi TXH DFUHGLWDPRV TXH R WHPD SRU VHU PXOWLFDXVDO QHFHVVLWD
UHVSRVWDPDLVKROtVWLFD
eWDPEpPLPSRUWDQWHWHUÁH[LELOLGDGHHFDSDFLGDGHGHSURQWDUHVSRVWD
-iTXHRVFULPLQRVRV PXGDPDVVXDVIRUPDVGHDWXDomRPXLWRUDSLGDPHQWH
TXHUHPRVTXHRV(VWDGRVVHMDPFDSD]HVGHUHDJLUUDSLGDPHQWH3RUH[HPSOR
QD&RO{PELDWtQKDPRVFXOWLYRVLOtFLWRVHPHQRUPHVSODQWDo}HV4XDQGRFRPHoDPRVDID]HUDGHWHFomRYLDVDWpOLWHHDIXPLJDUFRPJOLIRVDWRDUHDomRGRV
FULPLQRVRVIRLRFXOWLYRHPSODQWDo}HVPXLWRPHQRUHVFDPXÁDGDVHPFXOWLYRV
OtFLWRVSDUDTXHQmRVHSXGHVVHIXPLJDUVRESHQDGHDIHWDUDVSODQWDo}HVGRV
FDPSRQHVHVRTXHQRVREULJRXDSDUWLUSDUDDHUUDGLFDomRPDQXDO
2GHVPRQWHTXHÀ]HPRVGDVRUJDQL]Do}HVSDUDPLOLWDUHVSRUPHLRGD
/HLGH-XVWLoDH3D]IH]FRPTXHHP]RQDVRQGHQmRKDYLDIRUWHSUHVHQoDHVWDWDODOJXPDVGHVVDVDQWLJDVRUJDQL]Do}HVVHWUDQVIRUPDVVHPHPQRYDVEDQGDV
FULPLQDLV
(VWHVVmRSHTXHQRVH[HPSORVTXHPRVWUDPFRPRRVFULPLQRVRVYmRVH
DGDSWDQGRHPXGDQGRHSRULVVRPHVPRTXHUHPRVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHORQJRSUD]RPDVVXÀFLHQWHPHQWHÁH[tYHLVSDUDUHVSRQGHUHPUDSLGDPHQWHDHVVDV
PXGDQoDVGHQWURGDVRUJDQL]Do}HVFULPLQRVDV
18
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Paola Holguín
'HYHPRVWDPEpPFRPHoDUDFRQFHEHURWUDEDOKRGDVQRVVDVIRUoDVPLOLWDUHVHGDSROtFLDGHIRUPDGLVWLQWD+RMHQD&RO{PELDWUDEDOKDPRVHPRSHUDo}HV
FRQMXQWDVRXFRRUGHQDGDVHQWUHD)RUoD$pUHDR([pUFLWRHD3ROtFLDHWDPEpPWHPRVRSHUDo}HVFRPELQDGDVHQWUHIRUoDVPLOLWDUHVHSROLFLDLVGHRXWURVSDtVHV6mR
RSHUDo}HVTXHFULDPXPQRYRHVTXHPDGHFRPEDWHjVRUJDQL]Do}HVFULPLQRVDV
RTXHpIXQGDPHQWDOMiTXHPXLWDVYH]HVKRXYHUL[DVHQWUHRVGLYHUVRVJUXSRVGH
RUGHPFDXVDQGRXPDGLPLQXLomRQDQRVVDFDSDFLGDGHRSHUDFLRQDO
+RMHWHPRVFRPDQGRVFRQMXQWRVTXHQRVSHUPLWHPWUDEDOKDUFRPDV
GLVWLQWDVIRUoDVVHQGRTXHOLGHUDUiFDGDRSHUDomRRJUXSRTXHPDLVFRQKHFLPHQWR WLYHU VREUH R FDVR &LWR FRPR H[HPSOR D 2SHUDomR )rQL[ QR (TXDGRU
SDUDDEDWHURFRPDQGDQWHJXHUULOKHLUR5DXO5H\HV)RLXPDRSHUDomRFRRUGHQDGDVREDOLGHUDQoDGD3ROtFLD1DFLRQDOTXHWLQKDPDLVFRQKHFLPHQWRVREUH
DORFDOL]DomRHDVFRQGLo}HVGRFDVR1D2SHUDomR-DTXHTXDQGROLEHUWDPRV
,QJULG%HWDQFRXUWWLYHPRVDSDUWLFLSDomRGHDPHULFDQRVGHQRVVRVVROGDGRVH
SROLFLDLVSRUpPRFRPDQGRHVWDYDQDVPmRVGR([pUFLWR1DFLRQDORTXHPRVWUD
TXHHVVHDVVXQWRGDFRRSHUDomRpPXLWRLPSRUWDQWH
2XWUDFRLVDpRIRUWDOHFLPHQWRGDLQVWLWXLomRGHPRFUiWLFD$VRUJDQL]Do}HVFULPLQRVDVGHVWURHPDRUGHPOHJDOFULDQGRHVSDoRVGHLPSXQLGDGH(P
DOJXQVOXJDUHVWHQWDPGREUDURXVXEVWLWXLUDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHVWDWDLVRTXHDFDED
SRUPLQDUDJRYHUQDELOLGDGHGHPRFUiWLFDJHUDQGRXPUHJLPHGHWHUURUGHYLROrQFLDHGHLQWLPLGDomRDRVFLGDGmRV3RULVVRpLPSRUWDQWHTXHTXDQGRVHIDOH
GHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDVHIDOHWDPEpPQRIRUWDOHFLPHQWRGRVLVWHPD
GHMXVWLoD8PVLVWHPDGHMXVWLoDTXHIXQFLRQHQmRVLJQLÀFDSULVmRSHUSpWXDSDUD
WRGRVRVFULPHV
4XDQGRRVSDtVHVHQIUHQWDPVLWXDo}HVRXHPEDWHVFRPRFULPHPXLWDV
YH]HVDSHODPSDUDRFDPLQKRIiFLOGDSULVmRSHUSpWXDRXGDSHQDGHPRUWHSDUD
WRGRVRVFULPLQRVRVSRUpPPDLVLPSRUWDQWHTXHDVHYHULGDGHGDSHQDpDHÀFiFLDGHVXDDSOLFDomR$RFULPLQRVRSRXFRLPSRUWDVHRFRQGHQDPjSHQDGHPRUWHRXDFLQFRDQRVGHSULVmRVHVDEHTXHQXQFDVHUiFDSWXUDGRRXMXOJDGR3RU
LVVRpPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHIRUWDOHFHURVLVWHPDGHMXVWLoDHTXHEUDURFtUFXORYLFLRVR
0DLRU LPSXQLGDGH JHUD PDLRU YLROrQFLD PDV WDPEpP PDLRU YLROrQFLD FDXVD R
FRODSVRHRFRQJHVWLRQDPHQWRGRVLVWHPDMXGLFLDO$VVLPHVWHpXPDVVXQWRTXH
PHUHFHUHÁH[mR
1D&RO{PELDSRUH[HPSORSDVVDPRVGHXPVLVWHPDSHQDOLQTXLVLWyULR
DXPVLVWHPDSHQDODFXVDWyULREXVFDQGRXPDMXVWLoDPDLVH[SHGLWDPDLVS~EOL-
19
FDTXHIRVVHFDSD]GHJHUDUPDLVFRQÀDQoD7LYHPRVGLÀFXOGDGHVSRUTXHQmR
pIiFLOHVVDWUDQVIRUPDomR)RLSUHFLVRWUDEDOKDUGHIRUPDFRRSHUDWLYDSRUTXHRV
SUREOHPDVYmRDSDUHFHQGRjPHGLGDTXHVHDYDQoDQRWUDEDOKR3RUH[HPSOR
KiGHOLWRVTXHVmROHYHVFRPRRSRUWHGHDUPDV(P0HGHOOtQFRPHoDPRVD
FDSWXUDUPXLWRVEDQGLGRVFRPDUPDVHRMXL]RVGHL[DYDVROWRV YLVWRQmRVHU
FULPHSDVVtYHOGHSULVmR3HGLPRVHQWmRDRVMXt]HVHDRVÀVFDLVTXHTXDQGR
OLEHUWDVVHPDOJXPSUHVRSRUSRUWHGHDUPDVOHYDVVHPHPFRQWDSRUH[HPSOR
RSHULJRTXHDTXHOHLQGLYtGXRSRGLDUHSUHVHQWDUSDUDDVRFLHGDGHVHWLQKDDQWHFHGHQWHVFULPLQDLVHTXHWLSRGHDUPDVSRUWDYDTXDQGRFDSWXUDGR
7DPEpPpPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHRIRUWDOHFLPHQWRGDVIRUoDVPLOLWDUHVHGD
SROtFLD(PPXLWRVGHQRVVRVSDtVHVDIRUoDS~EOLFDQmRJR]DGHFRQÀDQoDSRU
SDUWHGRVFLGDGmRVVYH]HVWHPHPRVPDLVDSROtFLDGRTXHRGHOLQTXHQWHH
LVVRpODPHQWiYHOeSUHFLVRHQWmRIRUWDOHFHUDSROtFLDHDVIRUoDVPLOLWDUHVSRU
PHLRGHFRQWUROHVHVWULWRVGHSURFHVVRVFDGDYH]PDLVH[LJHQWHVSDUDRVFRQFXUVRVGHDGPLVVmRjFDUUHLUDGHIRUPDDWRUQiODXPSURMHWRGHYLGDSDUDTXHP
DVHJXHeLPSRUWDQWHWDPEpPIRUWDOHFHUDLQWHOLJrQFLDHDVÀQDQoDVHVWDWDLV
$VSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDQHFHVVLWDPGHUHFXUVRVQHFHVVLWDP
GHLQVWUXPHQWRVPDVQHFHVVLWDPDFLPDGHWXGRGHYRQWDGHSROtWLFD'LJRLVVR
FRPWRGRRUHVSHLWRSHORFDVRPH[LFDQR1R0p[LFRDFRQWHFHDOJRLQFUtYHOTXH
pRIDWRGHKDYHUPDLVGHFRUSRVGHSROtFLDHXPDJUDQGHGLÀFXOGDGHSDUD
TXHWUDEDOKHPHPFRRSHUDomRXQVFRPRVRXWURV)RLGLItFLOFRQVHJXLUTXHRV
FLGDGmRVFRQÀDVVHPQDVXDSROtFLD
(PUHODomRjVÀQDQoDVXVHLRH[HPSORGR0p[LFRSRUTXHRXYLGHDOJXQVHPSUHViULRVTXHVHR(VWDGRQmROKHVJDUDQWLVVHVHJXUDQoDQmRSDJDULDPVHXVLPSRVWRVeSUHFLVRSUHVWDUDDWHQomRDHVVHSRQWRSRUTXHDVSROtWLFDV
GHVHJXUDQoDFXVWDPPXLWRFDURHFRPRQmRVmRUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHH[FOXVLYDGR
(VWDGRHVLPGHWRGRVpSUHFLVRWULEXWDUSDUDSRGHUÀQDQFLDURFXVWR
+i RXWURV HOHPHQWRV GHQWUR GD SROtWLFD H QHVVH WUDEDOKR GH SURFXUDU
IRUPXODUXPDSROtWLFDJOREDOSUHFLVDPRVFRQVLGHUiORV8PGHOHVpDTXHVWmRGR
HVSDoRS~EOLFR2HVSDoRS~EOLFRWHUPLQDLQÁXHQFLDQGRPXLWRRFRPSRUWDPHQWR
GRVFLGDGmRVHGDtDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPDLQWHUYHQomRSDUDFULDU]RQDVVHJXUDVTXHSRVVDPJHUDUPRGLÀFDo}HVQDVDWLWXGHVGRVFLGDGmRVSDUDTXHHOHV
YHQKDPDVHDSURSULDUGRHVSDoRGHPDQHLUDUHVSRQViYHO(VVDVLQWHUYHQo}HV
SRGHPIRUWDOHFHURWHFLGRVRFLDODFXOWXUDSRGHPPHOKRUDUDHFRQRPLDHFRQVHJXLUPDLRUSDUWLFLSDomRFLGDGm
20
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Paola Holguín
7UDJRRH[HPSORGH0HGHOOtQSDUDLOXVWUDUDTXHVWmR3DUDDVFRPXQLGDGHVGDSHULIHULDGDFLGDGHPXLWRSREUHVOHYDPRVRPHWU{SRUFDERVFRPR
PHLR GH WUDQVSRUWH SUHIHUHQFLDO &RP LVVR VROXFLRQDPRV PXLWDV FRLVDV HQWUH
HODVRLPSDFWRYLVXDOHItVLFR$QWHVDSRSXODomRXVDYDXPVLVWHPDDOWHUQDWLYR
GHWUDQVSRUWHSRUTXHFDUURVSDUWLFXODUHVRIHUHFLDPWUDQVSRUWHDTXDOTXHUSUHoR
DSURYHLWDQGRVHGRIDWRGHTXHHVVDV]RQDVHUDPPXLWRLQVHJXUDV
&RPRQRYRVLVWHPDGHWUDQVSRUWHDSRSXODomRGHVVDVFRPXQLGDGHV
HFRQRPL]DWHPSRHGLQKHLUR(VWDPRVWDPEpPRIHUHFHQGRVHJXUDQoDSRUTXH
VHWUDWDGHXPVHUYLoRUHJXODUL]DGR1DPHGLGDHPTXHOHYDPRVWUDQVSRUWHOHYDPRVMXQWRELEOLRWHFDVHHVFRODVTXHIXQFLRQDPFRPRWDOGXUDQWHRGLDHFRPR
FHQWURVFRPXQLWiULRVjQRLWHHQRVÀQDLVGHVHPDQD$VVLPVHFRQYHUWHPHP
IRURVGHHQFRQWURHPFHQWURVGHFDSDFLWDomRSDUDDSRSXODomRGHVVDV]RQDV
DOWDPHQWHYXOQHUiYHLV
2XWURDVVXQWRUHOHYDQWHpWRUQDUYLVtYHODYtWLPD)DODVHPXLWRQRVFULPLQRVRVHSRXFRQDVYtWLPDV1D&RO{PELDGHVFREULPRVTXHWRUQDUDYtWLPDYLVtYHO
SHUPLWLDFULDUROXWRLQGLYLGXDOHFROHWLYR3HUPLWLDFULDUFHQiULRVGHUHFRQFLOLDomR
HGHSHUGmR$PHPyULDGDVYtWLPDVVHFRQYHUWHQXPDH[LJrQFLDSHUPDQHQWH
FDSD]GHWLUDUDOHJLWLPLGDGHGHTXDOTXHUIRUPDGHYLROrQFLD$GHPDLVWRUQDUD
YtWLPDYLVtYHOpFRQVDJUDUOKHXPPtQLPRGHMXVWLoDRTXHQRVGiLPSXOVRPRUDO
SDUD FRPEDWHU R FULPH )LFD PDLV IiFLO FRQVHJXLU XP FRQVHQVR SRU SDUWH GRV
SDUWLGRVHGDVRFLHGDGHHPWRUQRGDVSUySULDVYtWLPDV
7HPRVWDPEpPRVSURJUDPDVGHGHVPRELOL]DomRHGHVDUPH$YDQoDPRVQHVVHVSURJUDPDVSRUPHLRGD/HLGH-XVWLoDH3D]1RPRPHQWRWHPRV
XPDGHVPRELOL]DomRGHPDLVGHPLOSHVVRDVTXHSHUWHQFLDPDJUXSRVSDUDPLOLWDUHV H D DOJXPDV GLVVLGrQFLDV GD JXHUULOKD 1mR SRGHPRV SHQVDU TXH
DRHQIUHQWDUXPDRUJDQL]DomRFULPLQRVDSRGHUHPRVDFDEDUFRPHODPDWDQGR
WRGRVRVVHXVLQWHJUDQWHV1mRpDVVLPTXHDFRQWHFHeSUHFLVRWHUFRPRGLVVH
RH[SUHVLGHQWHÉOYDUR8ULEHPmRÀUPHHFRUDomRJUDQGHeSUHFLVRFRPEDWrORVSDUDIRUoiORVjUHQGLomRPDVRTXHDFUHGLWDPRVpTXHLVVRGHYHUiOHYDUD
XPSURFHVVRGHQHJRFLDomRPDQWHQGRVHPSUHDLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRR(VWDGR
2XWURWHPDpRGDFXOWXUDFLGDGm3DtVHVFRPRRVQRVVRVTXHHQIUHQWDPXPDYLROrQFLDWmRDWUR]DFDEDPSRUVHWRUQDULQVHQVtYHLVDHOD7HUPLQDP
SRUFRQVLGHUDUDVYtWLPDVVRPHQWHFRPRHVWDWtVWLFDV6HQGRDVVLPpPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHWUDEDOKDURWHPDGDFXOWXUDFLGDGm7UDEDOKDURVFRVWXPHVDVDo}HV
e as regras compartilhadas que nos permitam gerar um sentimento de perti-
21
QrQFLDTXHQRVIDFLOLWHPDFRQYLYrQFLDTXHQRVSHUPLWDPUHFRQKHFHUQRVVRV
GHYHUHVHGLUHLWRV
2FDVRGD&RO{PELDpHPEOHPiWLFR3RUFRQWDGDVLWXDomRGHYLROrQFLDWmRDEVXUGDTXHWHPRVYLYLGRSRGHPRVGL]HUTXHWHPRVDQRVGHYLGD
LQGHSHQGHQWHHGHSD]7LYHPRVFXUWRVSHUtRGRVGHSD]8PIRLHP
TXDQGRDFDERXD*XHUUDGRV0LO'LDVTXHGXURXHPUHDOLGDGHGLDVPDV
GHSRLVYHLRDYLROrQFLDSDUWLGDULVWDVHJXLGDGDJXHUULOKHLUDGDSDUDPLOLWDUHGD
GRQDUFRWUiÀFR
$ FXOWXUD FLGDGm QRV DMXGRX D FULDU IRUPDV GH UHJXODomR LQGLYLGXDO H
FROHWLYD 7UDEDOKDPRV QLVVR GH YiULDV PDQHLUDV HP %RJRWi SDUD UHFXSHUDU R
HVSDoRS~EOLFR-RUQDGDVGHYDFLQDomRFRQWUDDYLROrQFLD7URFDPRVRVEULQTXHGRVEpOLFRVGDVFULDQoDVSRURXWURVWLSRVGHEULQTXHGRV,QVWLWXtPRVXPKRUiULR
SDUD IHFKDU HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRV S~EOLFRV RQGH VH YHQGLDP EHELGDV DOFRyOLFDV H
LVVRWXGRIRLDFRPSDQKDGRFRPMRUQDGDVQRVFROpJLRVHQVLQDQGRRFRQVXPR
UHVSRQViYHOGRiOFRRO
7DPEpPWUDWDPRVRWHPDGDFXOWXUDGDOHJDOLGDGH1RIXQGRDFRUUXSomRpXPFULPHGHFiOFXORHSRULVVRWtQKDPRVTXHWUDEDOKDUYiULDVFRLVDV7tQKDPRVTXHOLGDUFRPDOHJDOLGDGHSRUTXHPDLVLPSXQLGDGHJHUDPDLVFRUUXSomR
HYLFHYHUVD2XVHMDSULPHLURSUHFLViYDPRVTXHRVFLGDGmRVHQWHQGHVVHPTXH
DFRUUXSomRQmRpXPSUREOHPDH[FOXVLYRGR(VWDGR
3DUDTXHKDMDXP(VWDGRFRUUXSWRHODGUmRpSUHFLVRTXHKDMDXPFLGDGmRFRUUXSWRH´FRPSUmRµPRVWUDQGRTXHRSUREOHPDpGHPmRGXSOD&RPHoDPRVRWUDEDOKRFRPRVIXQFLRQiULRVS~EOLFRVFRPRVFLGDGmRVEXVFDQGR
FRQWUDWDo}HV PDLV WUDQVSDUHQWHV IRUWDOHFHQGR DV RUJDQL]Do}HV FLYLV SDUD TXH
À]HVVHPYDUUHGXUDVFLGDGmVFULDQGRXPDFXOWXUDGDFRLVDS~EOLFD
1D &RO{PELD RXYLDPVH FRLVDV JUDYHV FRPR ´6LP R SUHIHLWR URXED
5RXEDPDVID]µ(OHQmRSRGHURXEDU2GLQKHLURS~EOLFRpVDJUDGRHRFLGDGmRjVYH]HVSHUGHHVVDQRomRSHUGHDQRomRGHTXHHVVHGLQKHLURpRVHX
GLQKHLURHTXHHOHWHPRGLUHLWRGHH[LJLUTXHOKHSUHVWHPFRQWDVGRVHXXVR2
PHVPRRFRUUHFRPRVHUYLGRUS~EOLFRTXHjVYH]HVWDPEpPHVTXHFHTXHHVVH
GLQKHLURpVDJUDGR
Tratamos também da participação urbana e aqui menciono rapidamenWHMiTXHWUDWDUHPRVGRDVVXQWRPDLVDGLDQWHTXHWUDEDOKDPRVDSDUWLFLSDomR
FLGDGmSRUTXHRSULQFtSLRGHVROLGDULHGDGHpDEDVHGR(VWDGR6RFLDOGH'LUHLWR
HLVVRID]FRPTXHRLQWHUHVVHFROHWLYRHVWHMDDFLPDGRLQWHUHVVHLQGLYLGXDO3DUD
22
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Paola Holguín
WDQWRWHPRVWRGRVDREULJDomRHRGHYHUGHFRRSHUDUFRPDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV
GHVHJXUDQoD
1DPHGLGDHPTXHRFLGDGmRSDUWLFLSDVHXWLOL]DPPHOKRURVUHFXUVRV
gerando maior responsabilidade política e criando políticas muito mais assertiYDV'L]LDRSUHVLGHQWH8ULEH´6HUYHPDLVR3RZHU3HRSOHGRTXHR3RZHU3RLQWµ
4XDQGR QRV VHQWDPRV QR 3DOiFLR GR *RYHUQR SDUD DYDOLDU DV SROtWLFDVFRPWRGRRPLQLVWpULRUHXQLGRFRPRVFRPDQGDQWHVPLOLWDUHVHGHSROtFLD
QRVVHQWLPRVFRPR+HLGLDPHQLQDGRV$OSHV3LQWDPQRVRSDtVGH$OLFH´1D
&RO{PELDYDLWXGRPXLWREHPµPDVTXDQGRYLVLWDPRVFDGDPXQLFtSLRFRQIURQWDQGRFDGDFLGDGmRGDPRQRVFRQWDGDVUHDLVQHFHVVLGDGHVTXHWHPRV(QRV
GDPRVFRQWDWDPEpPGHTXHDSROtWLFDGHVHJXUDQoDWHPTXHVHUQDFLRQDOWHP
TXHVHUGHORQJRSUD]RPDVWHPTXHVHUWUDEDOKDGDGRVSRQWRVGHYLVWDORFDO
QDFLRQDOUHJLRQDOHPXQGLDO
$VVLPVHQGRHVWHpXPDVVXQWRPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHHSRULVVRpSUHFLVRFRQYLGDURFLGDGmRDSDUWLFLSDU(FRPRSDUWLFLSD"$SRLDQGRDSROtWLFD
HFRQRPLFDPHQWHSDJDQGRLPSRVWRV&RPSURJUDPDVHVSHFLDLVFRPRSRU
H[HPSOR D )DPtOLD *XDUGD %RVTXHV QR TXDO R FLGDGmR YROXQWDULDPHQWH
HUUDGLFDDVSODQWDo}HVLOtFLWDVHFRPDDMXGDGR(VWDGRUHSODQWDDViUHDV
FRPFXOWLYRVOtFLWRV
7DPEpPSDUWLFLSDFRPDVUHGHVGHDSRLRHGHVHJXUDQoDFLGDGmFRP
DV)UHQWHV/RFDLVGH6HJXUDQoDHSRUPHLRGDVUHGHVGHFRRSHUDQWHV
&RRSHUDFRPDGHQ~QFLDRTXHpIXQGDPHQWDOSRUTXHQyVQmRVRPRV
FULPLQRVRVHQmRSHQVDPRVFRPRFULPLQRVRVHSRULVVRDPHOKRUPDQHLUDGH
FRQKHFHURFULPHpSRUPHLRGDGHQ~QFLDFRPREVHUYDWyULRVGRGHOLWR(VVHV
VmRHOHPHQWRVTXHQRVGL]HPFODUDPHQWHTXDLVVmRRVGHOLWRVGHPDLRULPSDFWRHPTXH]RQDVRFRUUHPFRPRDWXDPRVGHOLQTXHQWHVQHVVHVORFDLVHFRPR
RSHUDPRTXHQmRSRGHPRVDGLYLQKDU7XGRLVVRWHPTXHWHUXPWHRUFLHQWtÀFR
PDLVFODURHpSRUHVVDUD]mRTXHQmRSRGHPRVSUHVFLQGLUGRVREVHUYDWyULRVGD
GHQ~QFLDGRVFLGDGmRVHGDVLQYHVWLJDo}HVGDVYtWLPDV
2XWUR SRQWR D VH WUDEDOKDU p D DomR LQWHJUDO 1D &RO{PELD WtQKDPRV
]RQDVRQGHR(VWDGRQmRHQWUDYD)L]HPRVHQWmRXPDSURSRVWDHPWUrVIDVHV
1DSULPHLUDHQWUDYDPDV)RUoDV0LOLWDUHVSDUDGHYROYHUDR(VWDGRRFRQWUROHGR
WHUULWyULR$VHJXLUHQWUDYDD3ROtFLDTXHpXPDIRUoDFLYLOHÀQDOPHQWHHQWUDYDP
WRGDVDVHQWLGDGHVGR(VWDGR
2 FRQWUROH WHUULWRULDO H D JDUDQWLD GH VHJXUDQoD QmR VmR XPD TXHVWmR
23
H[FOXVLYDPHQWH SROtWLFD RX GR H[pUFLWR ,QFOXHP HVFRODV FHQWURV KRVSLWDODUHV
HVWUDGDVHWDPEpPFHQWURVGHIRUPDomR3DUDQyVÀFRXFODURTXHDDomRHUD
integral e que tínhamos que levá-la ao nível operacional para que os militares
SXGHVVHPHQWHQGHUTXHTXDQGRFKHJDVVHPSDUDUHWRPDUXPWHUULWyULRWRGRR
(VWDGRWHULDTXHFKHJDUMXQWR
e DLQGD LPSRUWDQWH VDOLHQWDU TXH DV SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV GH VHJXUDQoD
WrPTXHVHUHÀFD]HVHWUDQVSDUHQWHVRXVHMDSUHFLVDPVHUPHQVXUiYHLV1mR
SRGHPVHUSROtWLFDVGHGLVFXUVRV3UHFLVDPHQWUHJDUUHVXOWDGRVHWrPTXHVHU
WUDQVSDUHQWHVSRUTXHDVSROtWLFDVSUHFLVDPUHVSHLWDUDOHLD&RQVWLWXLomRRV
GLUHLWRVKXPDQRVRGLUHLWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOKXPDQLWiULReD~QLFDIRUPDGHID]HU
FRPTXHQRVVDVSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDVHMDPOHJtWLPDVGHQWURHIRUDGRSDtV
Devemos levar em conta que estamos combatendo delitos transnacioQDLVHSRUWDQWRpSUHFLVRWUDEDOKDUGHQWURGHSDUkPHWURVPXOWLODWHUDLVGHIRUPD
LQWHJUDOFRPHTXLOtEULRHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHFRRSHUDWLYD6HLVVRQmRIRUDVVLP
pressionamos os criminosos de um lado e eles se mudam para onde se sintam
PDLVVHJXURV
1D &RO{PELD SRU H[HPSOR QD PHGLGD HP TXH FRPEDWtDPRV DV
)$5& HODV VH PRYLDP SDUD DV ]RQDV GH IURQWHLUD SDVVDQGR SDUD RXWURV
SDtVHV$V)$5&QmRVmRD0DGUH7HUHVDGH&DOFXWi$V)$5&VHTXHVWUDP
DVVDVVLQDPHWUDÀFDPGURJDVQD&RO{PELD6HVHXSDtVOKHVDEUHDVSRUWDV
IDUmRRPHVPRHPVHXWHUULWyULR
2VFULPLQRVRVQmRWrPOLPLWHVpWLFRVQHPIURQWHLULoRVHSRULVVRRDWDTXH
FRQWUDDFULPLQDOLGDGHJOREDOWHPTXHVHUGHWRGRVGRV(VWDGRVGRVFLGDGmRV
GRVPHLRVGHFRPXQLFDomRHWDPEpPGHIRUDGHWRGRVRVSDtVHVHPFRQMXQWR
$&RO{PELDpXPDFODUDDPRVWUDGHTXHLVVRpSRVVtYHO6HJXLPRVWHQGR GLÀFXOGDGHV H PXLWDV 7HPRV DSHQDV RLWR DQRV GH JRYHUQR H QHVVHV RLWR
DQRVQmRSRGHPRVHVSHUDUTXHWRGRVRVSUREOHPDVVHMDPUHVROYLGRVGHSRLV
GHWDQWDVGpFDGDVPDVWHPRVUHVXOWDGRVWDQJtYHLVSDUDPRVWUDUTXHIXQFLRQD
4XDQGRFKHJDPRVDRJRYHUQRHPWtQKDPRVKRPLFtGLRV
DRDQR1RDQRSDVVDGRIRUDPeDLQGDXPDFLIUDPXLWRDOWDPDVVLJQLÀFDTXDVHGHUHGXomR&KHJDPRVDWHUFLGDGmRVVHTXHVWUDGRVHP
XPDQR(PDRDVVXPLUPRVRJRYHUQRIRUDPFLIUDTXHFDLXSDUD
QR DQR SDVVDGR $LQGD p DOWD SRUpP UHSUHVHQWD XP SURJUHVVR 7DPEpP
FRQVHJXLPRVUHGX]LURQ~PHURGHKHFWDUHVFRPFXOWLYRVLOtFLWRVHH[WUDGLWDPRV
DWpHVWDGDWDPDLVGHQDUFRWUDÀFDQWHVQRWRWDOVHJXQGRR~OWLPR
24
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Paola Holguín
UHODWyULRTXHWHPRVHPPmR
)LQDOPHQWHLVVRSURYDTXHpSRVVtYHOYHQFHUDOXWDSRUpPRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHpTXHRVFRORPELDQRVUHFXSHUDUDPDIpQD&RO{PELD+RMHVDEHPRV
TXHSRGHPRVGHUURWDURVFULPLQRVRV+RMHR(VWDGRUHFXSHURXRPRQRSyOLRGD
IRUoDHRPRQRSyOLRGDMXVWLoDTXHQXQFDGHYHULDWHUSHUGLGR+RMHWHPRVXP
SDtVFRPHVSHUDQoDXPSDtVFRPPDLVLQYHVWLPHQWRVHTXHHVWiSRXFRDSRXFRFRQVHJXLQGRUHGX]LUDSREUH]DHDOFDQoDUREHPHVWDUGRVVHXVFLGDGmRV
25
26
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
27UiÀFRpDSHQDVPDLV
uma Ameaça
Ebrahim Asvat
2
Ebrahim Asvat
Advogado e ex-diretor da Polícia Nacional do Panamá
4XDQGRVHIDODGDVDPHDoDVjVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDQD$PpULFD/DWLQDD
SULPHLUDFRLVDTXHYHPjPHQWHpRQDUFRWUiÀFRHVHQRVSXVHUPRVDREVHUYDU
RSUREOHPDGHVGHDSHUVSHFWLYDGR0p[LFRGD$PpULFD&HQWUDOHGD&RO{PELD
QRVVDSHUFHSomRQRVOHYDLJXDOPHQWHDXPDDQiOLVHVREHVVHSULVPD
1mRFRQVHJXLPRVQRVGHVSUHQGHUIDFLOPHQWHGHVVDYLVmRSRLVpDTXH
RV(VWDGRV8QLGRVSURPRYHPHPJUDQGHPHGLGDLQFOXLQGRGHVGHRWHUURULVPRLQWHUQDFLRQDO6REHVVDyWLFDLGHQWLÀFDPDOJXQVJUXSRVLQVXUJHQWHVGD
UHJLmRFRPRQDUFRWUiÀFRHHPRXWUDVFRPRWHUURULVPRLQWHUQDFLRQDO
ePXLWRGLItFLOIDODUGDVDPHDoDVjVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDQRkPELWRGD$PpULFD/DWLQD$LQGDTXHVHMDPRVWRGRVSDUWHGHXPPHVPRFRQWLQHQWHDVDPHDoDV
YDULDPGHUHJLmRSDUDUHJLmR3HORPHQRVQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjUHDOLGDGHGD$PpULFD&HQWUDOFRPR]RQDGHWUkQVLWRGHQDUFyWLFRVSDUDRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVHDWRGR
RSUREOHPDGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDTXHJHUDTXHpPXLWRGLVWLQWRGRTXHSRVVD
HVWDURFRUUHQGRHPSDtVHVFRPR$UJHQWLQD&KLOHRX8UXJXDLSRUH[HPSOR
$V HVWDWtVWLFDV FULPLQDLV IDODP EHP DOWR H VmR PXLWR GLIHUHQWHV DV
SHUFHSo}HV TXH WrP RV FLGDGmRV GR 3DQDPi H RV FKLOHQRV SRU H[HPSOR
&RQWXGR HP UHODomR DR DVVXQWR GD VHJXUDQoD S~EOLFD H jV DPHDoDV TXH
YHPHQIUHQWDQGRIDOWDQRVPDLRUULJRUFLHQWtÀFRSDUDPLQLPL]DUVHXVHIHLWRVH
HOLPLQDUDOJXPDVGHVXDVFDXVDV
Nossas decisões políticas sobre o tema da segurança vêm das opiniões
GH QRVVRV GLULJHQWHV SROtWLFRV RX GD YLVmR GRV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV $V UHVSRVWDV
jVDPHDoDVjVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDQmRVHHQFRQWUDPFRPSLODGDVHPXPDEtEOLD
QHPKiXPFUHGRDHVVHUHVSHLWR&DGDSDtVWHPTXHSURFXUDUDVXDIyUPXODRV
SURJUDPDVHDVIHUUDPHQWDVSROLFLDLVQHFHVViULDVSDUDPLQLPL]iODV
-iID]YLQWHDQRVTXHPHGHGLFRDRWHPDGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDQRPHX
SDtV H PH VXUSUHHQGH D IDOWD GH HQWHQGLPHQWR GR TXH DFRQWHFH QDV UXDV 2
3DQDPipXPERPH[HPSORQDSUiWLFD+iYLQWHDQRVQRVGHGLFDPRVDDEROLU
27
O Tráfico é apenas mais uma Ameaça
R ([pUFLWR 1RVVD $PpULFD /DWLQD QXQFD FRQVHJXLX GLVWLQJXLU FODUDPHQWH QDV
VXDVHVWUXWXUDVGHVHJXUDQoDDGLIHUHQoDHQWUH'HIHVDH6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDRX
6HJXUDQoD,QWHULRU(PPXLWRVSDtVHVDVGXDVDWLYLGDGHVHVWDYDPHQWUHODoDGDV
HP XPD HVWUXWXUD RUJkQLFD GLULJLGD SHODV )RUoDV $UPDGDV (P RXWURV DLQGD
TXH D HVWUXWXUD RUJkQLFD IRVVH PRQROtWLFD H[LVWLDP IRUoDV SROLFLDLV VHSDUDGDV
FRP WDUHIDV GHWHUPLQDGDV (VVH HVSHFWUR GR SDVVDGR QRV SHUVHJXH QDV SRlíticas públicas estatais e nos impede de bem distinguir entre os assuntos da
'HIHVD1DFLRQDOHDVWDUHIDVSROLFLDLV+RMHHPGLDDSHVDUGHRVHVWDPHQWRVGH
segurança pública estarem separados em quase todos os países e sob distinta
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHPLQLVWHULDOHVTXHFHPRQRVGHVVDVGLVWLQo}HVQRPRPHQWRGH
DSOLFDUPHGLGDVPDLVVHYHUDVGLDQWHGHVXUWRVGHYLROrQFLDLQHVSHUDGRV
+iXPJUDQGHPLWRQD$PpULFD/DWLQDGHTXHVHGHYHGHOHJDUjVFODVVHVSROLFLDLVDVROXomRGRVSUREOHPDVGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDFRPRVHWLYHVVHP
SRUPHLRGHIHUUDPHQWDVSROLFLDLVDVROXomR2VHVWDPHQWRVGHVHJXUDQoDVmR
RVTXHH[HUFHPDYLROrQFLDOHJLWLPDGDFRPDTXDODVRFLHGDGHVHSURWHJHGRV
TXHWUDQVJULGHPDOHL$SHUVSHFWLYDGRSUREOHPDGHVHJXUDQoDQmRSRGHVHU
YLVWDSHORSULVPDGRSROLFLDOeLQWHJUDOHUHTXHUDSDUWLFLSDomRGHGLYHUVDVLQVWkQFLDVGDVRFLHGDGHHGR(VWDGRSDUDUHVROYrOD$YLROrQFLDOHJLWLPDGDpH[FHSFLRQDOHXWLOL]DGDSDUDUHSULPLURGHOLWRPDVQmRSDUDUHVROYHUDVFDXVDV
2XWURJUDQGHPLWRpTXHDRULJHPGDVDPHDoDVjVHJXUDQoDWHULDFDXVDV H[WHUQDV 1R 3DQDPi HP SULPHLUR OXJDU FXOSDUDP RV FRORPELDQRV SHOR
problema de algumas modalidades de delitos perpetrados e pelo elemento da
YLROrQFLDQDVFRQGXWDVLOtFLWDVFRPHWLGDV$VHJXLUSURFXUDUDPVHIHUUDPHQWDV
GXUDVPHGLDQWHSURFHVVRVDEUHYLDGRVSDUDWLSLÀFDURVGHOLWRVGDIRUPDomRGH
JDQJXHVDXPHQWRGDVSHQDVSRUKRPLFtGLRHSHQDOL]DomRGHPHQRUHVFRPR
VHIRVVHPDGXOWRV2VtQGLFHVGHFULPLQDOLGDGHQmRPHOKRUDUDPVHJXLUDPFUHVFHQGR 'HSRLV WHQWDPRV D SURSRVWD GD GLUHomR PLOLWDU GD 6HJXUDQoD 3~EOLFD
´&RP RV *RYHUQRV 0LOLWDUHV QmR H[LVWLD R SUREOHPD GH VHJXUDQoD TXH WHPRV
KRMHSRUWDQWRHOHVpTXHVDEHPUHVROYHUHVWHVSUREOHPDVµ
/DPHQWDYHOPHQWHQRVUHJLPHVUHSUHVVLYRVVHPFRQVLGHUDomRDOJXPD
SHORUHVSHLWRjYLGDKXPDQDRXDRVGLUHLWRVFLYLVpSRVVtYHOFRQWURODUWRWDOPHQWH
DSRSXODomR%RQVHPDXV1DGHPRFUDFLDHVVDVWDLVIHUUDPHQWDVQmRSRGHP
VHU XWLOL]DGDV 2V PLOLWDUHV HP SRVWRV GH GLUHomR WDPEpP QmR SXGHUDP ID]HU
PXLWDFRLVD2VtQGLFHVGHFULPLQDOLGDGHGXSOLFDUDP$JRUDDQRYDSHUVSHFWLYD
GRSUREOHPDGDVHJXUDQoDHVWiOLJDGDDRQDUFRWUiÀFRHURWXODVHDWRGRVRVGH-
28
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Ebrahim Asvat
OLQTXHQWHVFRPRSDUWLFLSDQWHVRXFRODERUDGRUHVGRQDUFRWUiÀFRUHVSRQViYHLV
SRUWRGDDYLROrQFLDXUEDQD
Essa visão nos está levando a ampliar o marco de ação da responsaELOLGDGHSROLFLDODXPDiUHDWUrVYH]HVPDLRUGRTXHDSROtFLDDWXDOPHQWHYLJLD
)RUDPLQVWDODGDVRQ]HQRYDVHVWDo}HVQDYDLVSROLFLDLVSDUDFRQWURODURWUiÀFRGH
HVWXSHIDFLHQWHVTXHXWLOL]DR3DQDPiFRPRURWDGHWUkQVLWR(VVDGURJDSDVVD
GLUHWRRXFKHJDjVQRVVDVFRVWDVSDUDDVHJXLUEXVFDUDURWDWHUUHVWUHHPGLUHomRDRV(VWDGRV8QLGRV
1RDQRSDVVDGRDVDXWRULGDGHVSDQDPHQKDVFRQÀVFDUDPWRQHODGDVGHFRFDtQDHPQRVVRWHUULWyULR2VtQGLFHVGHKRPLFtGLRVTXHHVWDYDPHP
SRUPLOKDELWDQWHVVXELUDPGHSRUPLOHPSDUDSRU
PLOHP(VWHDQRQRULWPRTXHDQGDYDLVXELUSDUDKRPLFtGLRVSRU
PLO KDELWDQWHV &RPR QmR H[LVWH ULJRU FLHQWtÀFR SDUD VDEHU R TXH HVWi DFRQWHFHQGRQRSDtVFRPDHVFDODGDGHYLROrQFLDHFDGDDQRKiPRWLYRVGLVWLQWRVSDUDSURPRYHUHVWUDWpJLDVQDFLRQDLVRVMRUQDOLVWDVGHXPGRVMRUQDLVTXH
SUHVLGR À]HUDP XP WUDEDOKR GH LQYHVWLJDomR VREUH FDGD XP GRV KRPLFtGLRV
FRPHWLGRVHQWUHMDQHLURHIHYHUHLURGH
(PMDQHLURGHIRUDPFRPHWLGRVKRPLFtGLRV(PIHYHUHLUR
2VMRUQDOLVWDVQmRFRQWDUDPFRPRDSRLRGD3ROtFLD1DFLRQDOSDUDUHDOL]DUVHX
WUDEDOKR'HVORFDUDPVHSDUDFDGDXPGRVOXJDUHVRQGHRVGHOLWRVIRUDPFRPHWLGRVHUHFROKHUDPGDGRVGHIDPLOLDUHVHGHSRLPHQWRVGRVSUHVHQWHVSDUD
GHWHUPLQDU DV FDXVDV H RV PRWLYRV $OJXQV GDGRV FKDPDUDP D DWHQomR D
PDLRULDGRVKRPLFtGLRVIRLFRPHWLGDQRVÀQVGHVHPDQD'RVKRPLFtGLRV
IRUDPSRUGHVDYHQoDVSHVVRDLVSRUURXERSRUEULJDVVHLVSDVVLRQDLVSRUQDUFRWUiÀFRQRYHSRUJDQJXHVHQRYHSRUWLURWHLRV
(VVHVGDGRVPRVWUDPTXHRIHQ{PHQRGDLQVHJXUDQoDpXPSUREOHPDPDLVXUEDQRTXHUXUDO'HQWURGDV]RQDVXUEDQDVHPVHWRUHVIDFLOPHQWH
LGHQWLÀFiYHLVQHPWRGRVRVKRPLFtGLRVHVWDYDPOLJDGRVDRQDUFRWUiÀFRHVLP
j YLROrQFLD FRPR IRUPD GH VROXomR GH FRQÁLWRV FRP SUHGRPtQLR GR XVR GH
DUPDVGHIRJRSDUDFRPHWHURVGHOLWRV1RVVRVEDLUURVXUEDQRVVmRFDGDYH]
PDLVYLROHQWRV2VVXE~UELRVSRSXODUHVSURGX]LUDPRPDLRUQtYHOGHYLROrQFLD
KRPLFLGD
2 PDLRU LPSDFWR GD UHSRUWDJHP IRL WHU GHUUXEDGR D SULQFLSDO WHVH GR
JRYHUQRHQWmRHPH[HUFtFLR)D]LDSRXFDVVHPDQDVTXHR0LQLVWpULRGR,QWHULRU
KDYLDGHFODUDGRTXDQGRTXHVWLRQDGRVREUHRWHPDGDLQVHJXUDQoDTXH´QmR
29
O Tráfico é apenas mais uma Ameaça
VHPDWDQLQJXpPVDLQGRGDPLVVDµUHVSRQVDELOL]DQGRRQDUFRWUiÀFRLQWHUQDFLRQDOSHODLQVHJXUDQoDHRSWRXSRUHVWDEHOHFHUDVHVWDo}HVQDYDLVHPiJXDV
WHUULWRULDLV SDQDPHQKDV $LQGD TXH DVVXPtVVHPRV XP LQWHUHVVH JHQXtQR HP
FRPEDWHURQDUFRWUiÀFRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVVDSROtWLFDGHVHJXUDQoDSURSRVWDQmR
FDXVDULDXPGXURJROSHDRFULPH
Um estudo da revista Foreign Policy levantou dados importantes do
QHJyFLRGDFRFDtQDDSDUWLUGRVSRQWRVGHFXOWLYRHGHSURGXomRDWpRVHX
GHVWLQRILQDOHDYHQGDDRFRQVXPLGRU2LPSDFWRQRSUHoRGDFRFDtQDVH
PXOWLSOLFDXPDYH]TXHGRPDUSDVVDDXPDGDVURWDVORJtVWLFDVGRWUiILFR
A captura da droga nas rotas terrestres ou logísticas é um golpe muito mais
GXURDRQDUFRWUiILFR
$$PpULFD/DWLQDHQIUHQWDGLYHUVDVDPHDoDVjVHJXUDQoD2QDUFRWUiÀFRpDSHQDVXPDGHODV$DEHUWXUDGRVPHUFDGRVROLYUHPRYLPHQWRGHSHVVRDV
H EHQV D IDFLOLGDGH QD WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH FDSLWDLV WDPEpP QRV H[S}HP D RXWUD
VpULHGHDWLYLGDGHVGHOLWXRVDVHDRXWUDVDPHDoDVTXHGHYHPRVDWDFDUGDLQWHJUDomRGHRUJDQL]Do}HVFULPLQRVDVSDUDQHJyFLRVFRPRRURXERHDYHQGDGH
FDUURVXVDGRVDWpRVFDUWpLVGDGURJD
+iQRYDVPRGDOLGDGHVGHGHOLWRVHDFRQVHTXHQWHQHFHVVLGDGHGHFRRSHUDomRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHQWUHJRYHUQRVHDVFODVVHVGHVHJXUDQoDeXPDQRYD
UHDOLGDGHSDUDDTXDOQmRHVWDPRVSUHSDUDGRVQHPSDUDFRPEDWHUQHPSDUD
VXEPHWHURVFULPLQRVRVj-XVWLoDeSDUWHGRIHQ{PHQRTXHHQIUHQWDPRVPDV
QmRpWXGR
1RVVDVFLGDGHVVHWRUQDPFDGDYH]PDLVYLROHQWDVSRUTXHKiFRQÁLWRVSDUDRV
TXDLVQmRVHHQFRQWUDVROXomRSROtWLFDDGPLQLVWUDWLYDRXVRFLDOPDVTXHYmR
GHFHUWDIRUPDHVTXHQWDQGRRVkQLPRVGRVFLGDGmRVHDFDEDPVHUHÁHWLQGR
QRVtQGLFHV
$ERDQRWtFLDpTXHH[LVWHPLQVWUXPHQWRVSDUDGHWHFWDUHVWDVDQRPDOLDVTXHHVWmRIRFDOL]DGDV6mRSRXFDVDVRUJDQL]Do}HVSROLFLDLVTXHXWLOL]DP
RPDSDFULPLQROyJLFRFRPRIHUUDPHQWDSDUDGHWHFWDU]RQDVGHDOWRtQGLFHGH
FRQÁLWRV6mRSRXFRVRVSROtWLFRVTXHGHVHQYROYHPSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVXWLOL]DQGRHVVDVIHUUDPHQWDVSDUDEXVFDUPHLRVTXHGLPLQXDPRVIDWRUHVGHFRQÁLWRV
QDV]RQDVYHUPHOKDV
1mRKiXPDVROXomRPiJLFDQHP~QLFD$UHDOLGDGHGDVDPHDoDV
jVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDpTXHDIRUPDFRPRIXQFLRQDR(VWDGRHVREDTXDOVH
FRQVWUXLXQRVVDHFRQRPLDWHPXPDLQFLGrQFLDHPDOJXPDVPRGDOLGDGHVGR
30
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Ebrahim Asvat
GHOLWRTXHDQWHVQmRHUDPREMHWRGHDWHQomRHFRQWUDDVTXDLVQRVWHPRV
TXHSURWHJHU
(QWUHWDQWR QmR GHYHPRV SHUGHU GH YLVWD TXH PXLWDV GDV DPHDoDV j
VHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDVmRLQWHUQDV1RVVDJHQWHQRVVDVRFLHGDGHQRVVRDPELHQWH
VmRRVVHXVFULDGRUHVDLQGDTXHDPRGDOLGDGHGRGHOLWRVHMDQRYD6HYLUPRV
DTXHVWmRGDVHJXUDQoDFRPRXPDSLUkPLGHDVXDEDVHVHULDDSUHYHQomR6H
FRQVHJXLUPRVSUHYHQLUTXHVHFRPHWDPRVGHOLWRVQmRDWLYDUHPRVRVSUy[LPRV
VHJPHQWRVGDSLUkPLGH4XDQGRXPGHOLWRpFRPHWLGRDWLYDDSROtFLDGHLQYHVWLJDo}HVR0LQLVWpULR3~EOLFRR-XGLFLiULRHRVLVWHPDSHQLWHQFLiULR
2LQFUHPHQWRGRVGHOLWRVDXPHQWDRWUDEDOKRGHWRGDVDVLQVWLWXLo}HV
LQWHUPHGLiULDVMXGLFLDLVHH[HFXWLYDV4XDQGRRVLVWHPDVHVREUHFDUUHJDSHOR
Q~PHURGHH[SHGLHQWHVFDXVDSUHVVmRSDUDDXPHQWDURVRUoDPHQWRVGR0LQLVWpULR 3~EOLFR GR -XGLFLiULR RX GR VLVWHPD SHQLWHQFLiULR 0DV HVVD VREUHFDUJD
GDVLQVWLWXLo}HVMXGLFLDLVWHPRXWURHIHLWRQmRWHPFDSDFLGDGHSDUDFDVWLJDURV
GHOLTXHQWHV$VVLPGHYHPRVEXVFDUPHLRVSDUDSUHYHQLURVGHOLWRVGHIRUPDD
DOLYLDUDFDUJDTXHSHVDVREUHWRGDVDVFODVVHVGDMXVWLoD4XDQWRPDLVSUHYHQomRPHQRVVREUHFDUJDHDWLYLGDGHGHRXWURVHORVGDVHJXUDQoDHWDPEpPPDLV
HIHWLYLGDGHGRVLVWHPDMXGLFLDOQRFDVWLJR
31
32
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
e3UHFLVR9DORUL]DU
as Polícias
3
Ex-Secretário Nacional de Segurança e
ex-Consultor do Banco Mundial
7RGRVRVEUDVLOHLURVDVVLVWLUDPjVPDQLIHVWDo}HVQR5LRGH-DQHLURFRQWUDRSURMHWRGHOHLTXHSUHWHQGLDUHGX]LUHP5ELOK}HVRTXHR(VWDGRDUUHFDGDDQXDOPHQWHFRPRVUR\DOWLHVGRSHWUyOHR3RXFDJHQWHVHGiFRQWDGHTXHD
YLROrQFLDQR5LR-DQHLURFXVWDSRUEDL[RGR3,%ÁXPLQHQVHRHTXLYDOHQWHD
5ELOK}HVSRUDQR(VVHpRUR\DOW\TXHDYLROrQFLDFREUDGDVRFLHGDGHWRGR
DQR6HDYLROrQFLDFDLUSHODPHWDGHQR5LRWHUHPRVHQWUH5H5ELOK}HV
SRUDQRUHYHUWLGRVHPEHQHItFLRGDSRSXODomR
2%UDVLOUHJLVWUDSRUDQRPLOKRPLFtGLRV0DLVGHPLOPRUWHVHP
DFLGHQWHVGHWUkQVLWR2XVHMDSRUEDL[RVmRPLOSHVVRDVPRUWDVYLROHQWDPHQWHWRGRVRVDQRV3HVVRDVTXHWHULDPSHORPHQRVPDLVDQRVGHYLGD
6LJQLÀFDGL]HUTXHQyVMRJDPRVIRUDGRLVPLOK}HVGHYLGDVWRGRDQRQR%UDVLO
2 FiOFXOR GR %DQFR 0XQGLDO p TXH QD $PpULFD /DWLQD TXDVH GR 3,% GRV
SDtVHVpWRUUDGRQDYLROrQFLDGHPDQHLUDJHUDO,VVRSRGHFKHJDUDPDLVGH
GR3,%QD9HQH]XHOD
1RV~OWLPRVDQRVGHEDWLDYLROrQFLDHPGLYHUVRVSDtVHVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVHWDPEpPQD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH+DUYDUGeFXULRVRYHULÀFDUQHVVHVGHEDWHV
FRPUHSUHVHQWDQWHVDPDLRULDFLHQWLVWDVSROtWLFRVVRFLyORJRVGD$PpULFD/DWLQD
— como aconteceu em Buenos Aires e também em Bogotá — que a questão
GDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDpH[WUHPDPHQWHLGHROyJLFDQHVVHVSDtVHV2DUJXPHQWR
pRVHJXLQWHVHQyVWHPRVXPDYLROrQFLDWmRJUDQGHpSRUTXHDVSROtFLDVHR
VLVWHPDGHMXVWLoDFULPLQDOQmRHVWmRIXQFLRQDQGR3RUWDQWRHOHVHQWHQGHPTXH
WHPRVGHEXVFDURXWURVFDPLQKRVSDUDUHGX]LUDYLROrQFLDFRPRRHQYROYLPHQWR
GHWRGRVXPDSDUWLFLSDomRLQWHQVDGH21*VDo}HVSDUDGLPLQXLUDGHVLJXDOGDGHHUHGX]LUDSREUH]D
0DVVmRIDWRUHVTXDVHIRUDGRFRQWUROHGDVRFLHGDGHSRUTXHOHYDUmR
GpFDGDVJHUDo}HVSDUDVHUHPVXSHUDGRV2TXHSHUFHEHPRVpTXHGHPDQHLUDJHUDOHVVDVHVWUXWXUDVVmRPXLWRPDOWUDEDOKDGDVQD$PpULFD/DWLQD$RLQYpV
33
É Preciso Valorizar as Polícias
GHWHQWDUEXVFDUUHVSRVWDVIRUDGRIHUUDPHQWDOGD-XVWLoD&ULPLQDOSUHFLVDPRV
DQWHVSHUJXQWDUSRUTXHHODQmRHVWiIXQFLRQDQGR$SROtFLDGHPDQHLUDJHUDOQD
$PpULFD/DWLQDpWUDWDGDFRPRyUJmRUHSUHVVRUGR(VWDGRFRQWUDVHXFLGDGmR
e FXULRVR REVHUYDU TXH R SDtV FRP PHQRU LQGLFDGRU GH YLROrQFLD VHMD
R &KLOH TXH WHP D SROtFLD PDLV PLOLWDUL]DGD GH WRGDV DV $PpULFDV e FXULRVR
REVHUYDUTXHQRV~OWLPRVGRLVDQRVSHVTXLVDVDSRQWDPTXHDLQVWLWXLomRPDLV
UHVSHLWDGDHDGPLUDGDQR&KLOHpDVXDSROtFLDRVFDUDELQHLURV6HSHUJXQWDUPRVDRFLGDGmRRTXHDFKDGDSROtFLDGHOHVUHVSRQGHUmR´6mRLQFRUUXSWtYHLVµ
5HVSHLWDVHDSROtFLDRQGHVmRGDGDVFRQGLo}HVSDUDHODWUDEDOKDU
0DVDTXLQD$PpULFD/DWLQDGHPDQHLUDJHUDOQR%UDVLODSROtFLDpPXLWR
PDOWUDWDGD'HVHVWLPXODGDGHVRUJDQL]DGDPDOSDJDPDOÀVFDOL]DGDPDOJHUHQFLDGD2VUHVXOWDGRVVmRFUXpLV9DPRVREVHUYDUXPDGLIHUHQoDPXLWRSUy[LPDGDJHQWH1yVWLYHPRVQHVWHDQRSDVVDGRGHHP6DOYDGRUDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHPLOKRPLFtGLRV6DOYDGRUWHPWUrVPLOK}HVGHKDELWDQWHV$FLGDGH
GH6mR3DXORFRPPLOK}HVGHKDELWDQWHVWHYHPLOKRPLFtGLRV1RV~OWLPRV
WUrVDQRVVHSHJDUPRVRDWXDOJRYHUQRGD%DKLD³QmRLQWHUHVVDTXHPHVWi
QRJRYHUQR³HFRPSDUDUPRVFRPRJRYHUQRGH6mR3DXORWLUDQGRRVGDGRV
GHTXHIRLR~OWLPRDQRGRJRYHUQRDQWHULRUHFRPSDUDUPRVFRP
YHUHPRVTXHQDFLGDGHGH6mR3DXORRVKRPLFtGLRVFDtUDP(P6DOYDGRU
VXELUDP ,VVR p XPD FDODPLGDGH &RPR p TXH FRQVHJXLUDP" 1mR p XP
LQGLFDGRUGHHVWDWtVWLFDIRUDPYLGDV
eOyJLFRTXHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDpPDLVGRTXHLVVR,VVRpPXLWRPDLVGR
TXHVHSHQVDUHPEDQFRURXEDGRFDUURIXUWDGRHFRLVDVGRJrQHURTXHWDPEpP
DWRUPHQWDPDQRVVDYLGD2TXHDFRQWHFHGHGLIHUHQoDpTXHVHGHVHQYROYHX
WUDEDOKRGHIXQGRQDSROtFLDGH6mR3DXOR([LVWHPPLOIDYHODVVyQDFLGDGH
GH6mR3DXOR6mRTXDVHGRLVPLOK}HVGHKDELWDQWHVYLYHQGRHPIDYHODVHFRUWLoRVQDFDyWLFDFLGDGHGH6mR3DXOR
6HFRQVHJXLPRVUHGX]LUDFULPLQDOLGDGHHP6mR3DXORSRUTXHHODQmR
FDLQD%DKLD")LTXHLVXUSUHVRDRGHVFREULUTXHQD%DKLDRSROLFLDOWHUPLQDRVHX
VHUYLoRYDLDWpRTXDUWHOGHYROYHVHXUHYyOYHUHRFROHWH2(VWDGRQmRFRQÀDHP
GHL[DUXPDDUPDFRPRSROLFLDOSDUDDVXDSURWHomR(P6mR3DXORKiPDLVGH
DQRVRSROLFLDOOHYDDDUPDSDUDFDVDeDSURWHomRGHOH8PLQVWUXPHQWRTXH
R(VWDGRRIHUHFH0DVVHHOHSHUGHUDDUPD"3DJD6HHOHURXEDUFRPDDUPDGR
(VWDGRHOHYDLSDJDUSRULVVR8PVROGDGRHP6mR3DXORKRMHpIRUPDGRHP
GRLVDQRV$HVFRODGHIRUPDomRGH6mR3DXORUHFHEHXFHUWLÀFDomR,62
34
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
4XDQGRVHLQYHVWHHPTXDOLGDGHRVUHVXOWDGRVDSDUHFHP
0DOWUDWRX D SROtFLD" 9DL SDJDU FDUR SRU LVVR $ VRFLHGDGH SDJD 1HP
VHPSUH RV UHVSRQViYHLV SROtWLFRV SDJDP SRU LVVR ODPHQWDYHOPHQWH 2 IDWR p
TXHVHYLYHPHOKRUTXDQGRVHWUDEDOKDPDLVFRPLVVR(VVHGHEDWHLGHROyJLFR
na América Latina acaba gerando políticas equivocadas e consequentemente a
DORFDomRGHUHFXUVRVYDLSDUDHVVHÀP1yVWHPRVXPSURJUDPDQDFLRQDOGR
*RYHUQR)HGHUDOQRTXDOERWDUDPXPQRPHFRPSOLFDGR3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH
6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDFRP&LGDGDQLD1RDQRUHWUDVDGRFRQWUDWDUDPXPD21*GR
5LRGH-DQHLUR³YLURXXPDIHVWDGDV21*VQR%UDVLO³TXHpGDVPDLVULFDVGR
PXQGRD9LYR5LRSRUXPSUHoRH[RUELWDQWHSDUDID]HUXPDFDUWLOKDGHSROLFLDO
FLGDGmRHHQWUHJDUSDUDD30GR5LRGH-DQHLUR2VHFUHWiULRHVEUDYHMRXHR
SURMHWRIRLFRUWDGR
2*RYHUQR)HGHUDOHQWUHJD5PLOK}HVSDUDDSUHIHLWXUDGR5LRGH
-DQHLUR HPSUHJDU HP SURJUDPDV GH SUHYHQomR j YLROrQFLD $t YHP D SROtWLFD
HTXLYRFDGDLQFOXVmRGLJLWDOTXHHVWiHQWUHDVDo}HVSUHYLVWDVSUHYLQHDYLROrQFLD"3URJUDPDGHFLrQFLDLWLQHUDQWHUHGX]DYLROrQFLD"'DUEROVDSDUDUHVHUYLVWD
TXHDFDERXRVHUYLoRPLOLWDUGLPLQXLDYLROrQFLD"(VWDPRVIDODQGRGHPLOK}HVGH
UHDLV0HOKRUMRJDUGRKHOLFySWHURGRTXHJDVWDUPDO
Um dos problemas que a gente observa pelo continente é que os conceitos errados levam a políticas equivocadas e ao desperdício dos limitados
UHFXUVRVS~EOLFRVTXHWHPRV2VPpGLFRVUHFRPHQGDPSDUDHYLWDUSUREOHPDV
GRFRUDomRFRPDFRPLGDVVDXGiYHLVPDJUDVFRPSRXFRVDOIDoDH[HUFtFLRV
ItVLFRVHHYLWHHVWUHVVHQRGLDDGLD0DVQmRDGLDQWDIDODULVVRSDUDXPSDFLHQWH
TXHHVWiQD87,GR,QVWLWXWRGR&RUDomRHP6mR3DXOR(OHQmRYDLFRPHoDUD
DQGDUHSDUDUGHFRPHUVDOSRUTXHSUHFLVDVHURSHUDGRGRFRUDomR
Nosso problema é dar respostas para problemas urgentes da crise graYHGDVHJXUDQoD0DVLVVRQmRpSUHYHQomRpUHSUHVVmR$JHQWHSUHFLVDWLUDU
HVVHVUyWXORVWRGRVSRUTXHQDYHUGDGHHVVDH[SHULrQFLDTXHYLPRVHP+DUYDUG
pPXLWRFODUDPXLWRHOHPHQWDU2TXHUHGX]RFULPH"$FDSDFLGDGHGHR(VWDGR
UHVSRQGHU DR FULPH UHGX]LU D LPSXQLGDGH WRUQDU R SUHoR GR FULPH PXLWR DOWR
SDUDRFULPLQRVR$TXHVWmRpVLPSOHVQyVWLYHPRVPLOKRPLFtGLRVHP6DOYDGRUPDVHRVRXWURVPLOK}HVTXHWLYHUDPPXLWDVUD]}HVSDUDPDWDUDOJXpPH
QmRPDWDUDP"3RUTXHDIDYHODGD5RFLQKDWHPPLOKDELWDQWHVHDSHQDVXQV
PLOHVWmRGHOLQTXLQGRHQTXDQWRRXWURVHVWmROiYHQGHQGRRFKiPDWHQDDUHLD
HVFDOGDQWHGDSUDLD"7HPPXLWDJHQWHFRORFDQGRGLQKHLURJURVVRQDFXHFDH
35
É Preciso Valorizar as Polícias
QmRpH[DWDPHQWHXPSREUH7HPSyVJUDGXDomR2SUREOHPDTXHQyVWHPRV
pGHXPDLPSXQLGDGHJDORSDQWHQR3DtVeyEYLRTXHWHPRVTXHSHQVDUQXP
pacote muito grande de providências se esperamos uma política ampla de seJXUDQoDS~EOLFDPDVDQRVVD87,pRDSDUDWRFDSD]GHGDUUHVSRVWDUHVSRVWD
LQFDSDFLWDQWHDRVJUDQGHVEDQGLGRVTXHQyVWHPRV
1HPWRGRSUHVRpUHFXSHUiYHO7HPRVGHSUHVRVSVLFRSDWDVLUUHFXSHUiYHLV 3UHFLVDPRV UHYHU D OHJLVODomR SHQDO SDUD FULPLQDOL]DU SUHGDGRUHV
QmRLQWHUHVVDVHWrPRXDQRVTXHDPHDoDPDVRFLHGDGH6mRSVLFRSDWDV
MRYHQVTXHSUHFLVDPGHXPWUDWDPHQWRTXHQmRpRTXHpGDGRKRMHSHODOHJLVODomRGDVFULDQoDVHGRVDGROHVFHQWHV1mRVHWUDWDGHUHEDL[DUDLGDGHSHQDO
SDUDWRGRRPXQGRPDVHVVHVSUHGDGRUHVSUHFLVDPWHUUHVSRVWDVFRPRIH]D
&RO{PELDUHFHQWHPHQWH1yVWHPRVDOJXQVGUDPDVTXHDWpSRULQFRQYHQLrQFLD
SROtWLFDHUHOLJLRVDQmRVHWRFDPQHVVHSDtV7HPRVPLOFULDQoDVTXHQDVcem de mães adolescentes pobres e não temos um programa decente de planeMDPHQWRIDPLOLDUSDUDPLOFULDQoDVTXHQDVFHUDPGHPmHVFRPDQRV1mR
VHSRGHIDODUHPGHVFULPLQDOL]DURDERUWRTXHFDLRFpXPDVpSUHFLVRSHQVDU
QHVVDVTXHVW}HVWDPEpP
)DODVH PXLWR HP SURJUDPDV VRFLDLV PDV QmR VH IDOD TXH R PHOKRU
SURJUDPDVRFLDOFKDPDVH(GXFDomRTXHRPHOKRULQVWUXPHQWRVRFLDOFKDPDVH(VFROD([LVWHPPLOHTXLSDPHQWRVFKDPDGRVHVFRODQR%UDVLOSHUWRGH
FDGDFULDQoD0DVXPDHVFRODGHPiTXDOLGDGH7HPRVPLOK}HVGHFULDQoDV
TXHDEDQGRQDUDPDHVFRODHHVWmRVHPWUDEDOKRMRJDGDVQDVUXDV6mRMRYHQV
TXHPHUHFHPWHUDFHVVRjFLGDGDQLDGHSULPHLUDFODVVH2TXHLQWHUHVVDQmR
pR%UDVLOVHUXPSDtVGHSULPHLUDFODVVHSDUDIUHTXHQWDURVVDO}HVGD(XURSD
HGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRV1RVVRVFLGDGmRVpTXHSUHFLVDPVHUWUDWDGRVFRPRGH
SULPHLUDFODVVH
4XHUHPRVXPDSROtFLDHÀFLHQWHHUHVSHLWRVD(VVHQHJyFLRGHFRORFDU
DGMHWLYRHPSROtFLDHHPVHJXUDQoDpXPDEREDJHP,QYHQWDUDPDJRUDD3ROtFLD
&LGDGmeLPSRUWDQWHDJHQWHDÀQDURGLVFXUVRSRUTXHSUHFLVDPRVGHXPPHFDQLVPRGHSURQWDUHVSRVWD6mR3DXORPRVWURXTXHIXQFLRQD2GHVHQYROYLPHQWR
GD%DKLDHGR1RUGHVWHDJHUDomRGHHPSUHJRVTXHPHOKRURXPXLWRPDLVDTXL
GRTXHHP6mR3DXOR
A autoridade de segurança dirá que o homicídio aumentou porque está
FKRYHQGRFUDFNHP6DOYDGRU1yVWHPRVXPDiUHDGDFLGDGHGH6mR3DXORFKDPDGD&UDFROkQGLDRQGHH[LVWHPPDLVGHPLOUHJLVWUDGRVFRPRFRQVXPLGRUHV
36
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
KDELWXDLVHSUDWLFDPHQWHQmRDFRQWHFHQHQKXPKRPLFtGLRDOL4XDQGRVHFRPHoDFRPPXLWDGHVFXOSDDSROtFLDUHOD[D
+iWDPEpPXPGLVFXUVRIUHTXHQWHQD$PpULFD/DWLQDGHTXHR0LQLVWpULR3~EOLFRSUHFLVDWHUSRGHUGHLQYHVWLJDU+iXPSURMHWRGHOHLHP+RQGXUDVH
RXWURQD$UJHQWLQDQHVVHVHQWLGR,VVRpXPDEREDJHP3ROtFLDSUHFLVDWHUXPD
FDSDFLGDGH GH UHVSRVWD LPHGLDWD SULQFLSDOPHQWH DRV FULPHV JUDYHV 7HU DOWD
FRPSHWrQFLDHVWUXWXUDUHFXUVRVDGHTXDGRVSDUDID]HUXPDERDLQYHVWLJDomR
20LQLVWpULR3~EOLFRYDLUHFHEHUHVVHUHODWyULRGDLQYHVWLJDomRYDLFREUDUDÀVFDOL]DomR+iXPDGHPDQGDSDUDID]HUXPUHH[DPHGHVVDVLQVWLWXLo}HV
$ERDJHVWmRGRVLVWHPDGHVHJXUDQoDSRGHID]HUXPDGLIHUHQoDPXLWR
grande entre uma sociedade ameaçadora para seus cidadãos e uma sociedade
RQGHVHFRPHFHDVHGHVHQKDUXPQRYRSDGUmRGHTXDOLGDGHGHYLGD1yVWHPRVRGLUHLWR
37
38
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
2V'HVDÀRVGD3DUWLFLSDomR
da Sociedade Civil
Rocío San Miguel
4
Rocío San Miguel
Presidente da Associação Civil de Controle
Cidadão para a Segurança, Defesa e
Força Armada Nacional da Venezuela.
6DEHPRVTXHDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDVHFRQVWUXLXGHIRUPDPXLWRSUHFiULDHDWpKRMHVHH[LVWHPDOJXQVFDVRVGHVXFHVVRVmRTXDVHVHPSUHORFDLV
H WLYHUDP ÀQDQFLDPHQWR SURYHQLHQWH GD FRRSHUDomR LQWHUQDFLRQDO VHP D PmR
GR(VWDGRHQYROYLGRGLUHWDPHQWHQDSURGXomRGHVVHVUHVXOWDGRV+iXPORQJR
FDPLQKR SDUD TXH SRVVDPRV DSRQWDU HVVHV FDVRV FRPR XPD WHQGrQFLD UHDO
HÀFD]HH[LWRVD
$LQGDHVWDPRVWHQWDQGRDUWLFXODU(VWDGRUHJL}HVPXQLFtSLRVVRFLHGDGH
FLYLOHVSHFLDOLVWDVDFDGrPLFRVXQLYHUVLGDGHVHOHJLVODGRUHVDÀPGHHQFRQWUDUPRVXPDPDQHLUDGHHVWDEHOHFHUSUHPLVVDVJHUDLVTXHWRUQHPHÀFD]DSDUWLFLSDomRGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOQRVWHPDVGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFD/DPHQWDYHOPHQWHD
WHRULDGDVMDQHODVTXHEUDGDVTXHWHQGHDFULPLQDOL]DUDSREUH]DWHRULDVDWDQL]DGD
SHORVVRFLyORJRVPDVGHIHQGLGDSRUSUDJPiWLFRVSDUHFHSHUVHJXLUDVRFLHGDGH
FLYLO³FRQGXWDVQmRFLYLOL]DGDVTXHVmRFRQWDJLRVDVHSHVVRDVFLYLOL]DGDVTXH
VHUHWUDHPGLDQWHGHXPDPELHQWHKRVWLO1DYHUGDGHWDQWRQXPSRORTXDQWRQR
RXWURRFHUWRpTXHSDUDDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOH[WHQXDGDFRPDURWLQDGDYLGDGLiULD
VHUiGLItFLOVHHQYROYHUVHULDPHQWHFRPWHPDWmRHVSLQKRVRHLQJUDWR
&XVWDPXLWRDRFLGDGmRFRPXPJDQKDURVHXSmROXWDUFRQWUDRFXVWR
GHYLGD1mRVHSRGHHVSHUDUTXHDOpPGLVVRHQFRQWUHWHPSRGHVHRFXSDU
ÀVFDOL]DUH[HUFHURFRQWUROHFLGDGmRRXFRRSHUDUFRPPHFDQLVPRVHVROXo}HV
SUiWLFDVSDUDDVSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoD
$TXHVWmRGDSDUWLFLSDomRFLYLOGLDQWHGRVGHVDÀRVGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLO
GHPDQGDFDGDYH]PDLVHVSDoR2WHPDIRLLQFOXtGRQDDJHQGDGDPDLRULDGRV
yUJmRVGD2($&RPLVVmR,QWHUDPHULFDQDGRV'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVRVTXDLVLQFRUSRUDPDSUREOHPiWLFDGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDHQWUHRXWURVWHPDV3RGHPRV
GL]HUTXHDVHVWDWtVWLFDVVREUHFULPLQDOLGDGHHYLROrQFLDIRUQHFLGDVSRURUJDQL]Do}HVQmRJRYHUQDPHQWDLVj2($PRVWUDUDPVH~WHLVHHÀFD]HVQRTXHVHUHIHUH
39
Os Desafios da Participação da Sociedade Civil
DRFRQWUROHH[HUFLGRSHORFLGDGmRHPUHODomRDR(VWDGRGHIRUPDDHODERUDU
FRQFHLWRV SDUD HVWDEHOHFHU FLIUDV H FRPHoDU XPD DJHQGD GH GLVFXVVmR TXH
VHPG~YLGDQmRVHDQXQFLDSDFtÀFDPDVTXHGHYHUiVHULQFOXVLYD2LQWHUHVVDQWHGHVVDVWUDMHWyULDVSRGHVHUDDQiOLVHGRVFDVRVGHFDGDSDtVIDODUVREUH
QRVVDVH[SHULrQFLDVHFRPSDUWLOKDUr[LWRVHIUDFDVVRVTXHDWHVWHPDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHXPDSDUWLFLSDomRFLGDGm
)HLWDVHVVDVSUHPLVVDVSDVVHPRVjDQiOLVHGRFDVRYHQH]XHODQRHP
SDUWLFXODU2GLDJQyVWLFRGDVHJXUDQoDQD9HQH]XHODPRVWUDQ~PHURVKRUURUL]DQWHV1R%UDVLOVmRFRPHWLGRVPLOKRPLFtGLRVSRUDQR1D9HQH]XHODVmR
PLOHPQ~PHURVFRQVHUYDGRUHV2XWURVPDLVSUy[LPRVGDUHDOLGDGHGmRFRQWD
GHPLOKRPLFtGLRVDQXDLV$GLIHUHQoDpTXHHVWDPRVIDODQGRGHXPSDtVGH
PLOK}HVGHKDELWDQWHVFRQWUDXPGHPLOK}HV
&DUDFDVpDVHJXQGDFLGDGHPDLVYLROHQWDGRPXQGRGHSRLVGH&LXGDG
-XiUH]QR0p[LFR(VVHVQ~PHURVGHPRQVWUDPTXHPRUUHPSHVVRDVDFDGD
KRUDHPQRVVRSDtVRXVHMDHVVDVWULVWHVHVWDWtVWLFDVFRQÀUPDPTXHPRUUHP
SHVVRDVSRUGLD7HPRVXPVLVWHPDSHQLWHQFLiULRFRPPLOUHFOXVRVDORMDGRVHPFHQWURVSHQLWHQFLiULRVHPHVPRDOLKiYLROrQFLDFRPPRUWHV
DRDQRVHJXQGRFLIUDVRÀFLDLVRXGHDFRUGRFRPDV21*V6DEHPRVTXH
PRUUHXPSUHVRSRUGLDSRUFDXVDGDIDOWDGHJDUDQWLDVjVXDLQWHJULGDGH
6HLVVRQmRIRUREDVWDQWHSDUDDSHUFHSomRGRSUREOHPDTXHWHPRV
QD9HQH]XHODSRGHPRVDFUHVFHQWDUTXHHPDJRVWRGHH[LVWLDXPWRWDO
GH MXt]HV HP WRGR R SDtV GRV TXDLV VRPHQWH HUDP WLWXODUHV ,VVR
VLJQLÀFDTXHGRVMXt]HVQD9HQH]XHODQmRWrPHVWDELOLGDGH3RUWDQWRVH
atacarem o problema das sanções e o controle da segurança pública de uma
SHUVSHFWLYDGRFRQWUROHMXULVGLFLRQDOVDEHPRVRTXHDFRQWHFHUiTXDQWRjIDOWD
GHJDUDQWLDGHHPSUHJRTXHHVVDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVVXVFLWDP(QÀPDVFLIUDVH
DDXVrQFLDGHFRQWUROHVMXULVGLFLRQDLVGR(VWDGRVREUHDLQWHJULGDGHSHVVRDOH
VREUHDYLGDDODUPDPDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOIUHQWHDXP(VWDGRFRPXPDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDQRWyULDQmRSURGX]OHLVQHPSDUDRFRQWUROHGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDQHP
SDUDD6HJXUDQoD1DFLRQDO
8PDGDVFRLVDVLQWHUHVVDQWHVGR(VWDGRYHQH]XHODQRpTXHHPIRL
SURGX]LGDD&RQVWLWXLomRGDQRVVDKLVWyULDHSHODSULPHLUDYH]VHGHGLFRX
XP FDStWXOR LQWHLUR j 6HJXUDQoD 1DFLRQDO (VVD LQFOXVmR p VHP SUHFHGHQWHV
$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHDUWLJRVGRQ~PHURDRGDQRVVD&RQVWLWXLomRHVWDEHOHFHPDGHÀQLomRHRVFRQFHLWRVEiVLFRVTXHSRUVHUHPDFRPSDQKDGRV
40
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Rocío San Miguel
GHGH]DGMHWLYRVGLIHUHQWHVFRPSRUWDPTXDOTXHUFRLVD7rPDSHFXOLDULGDGHGH
HVWDEHOHFHUDSURPXOJDomRGHXPDG~]LDGHOHLVPDVDSHVDUGHMiKDYHUWUDQVFRUULGRDQRVGDSURPXOJDomRGD&RQVWLWXLomRDLQGDQmRKRXYHDSURGXomR
QRUPDWLYDRTXHpXPGDGRFXULRVR
'HVWDIRUPDSRGHPRVTXHVWLRQDUVHR(VWDGRHVWiSURPRYHQGRGHOLEHUDGDPHQWHDDQDUTXLDDLQH[LVWrQFLDGHQRUPDVTXHUHJXOHPRVHWRU3RGHPRV
GL]HUTXHQHVWHGHFrQLRGHYLJrQFLDQRVVD&RQVWLWXLomRFRQVHJXLXUHIRUPDUDSHQDVWUrVOHLVD/HL2UJkQLFDGH6HJXUDQoD1DFLRQDOD/HL2UJkQLFDGDV)RUoDV
$UPDGDVHPWUrVRFDVL}HVHVHIH]D/HLGD3ROtFLD1DFLRQDODTXDOHQWUDHP
VpULDV FRQWUDGLo}HV FRP XP GRV FRPSRQHQWHV GDV )RUoDV $UPDGDV IDWR TXH
WRUQRXLPSRVVtYHOVXDH[HFXomRSUiWLFD3DUDTXHÀTXHFODURHVVDOHLDWULEXL
FRPSHWrQFLDVj3ROtFLD1DFLRQDOHQWUHHODVTXHQRV~OWLPRVDQRVHUDPUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGD*XDUGD1DFLRQDOXPGRVHOHPHQWRVGDV)RUoDV$UPDGDV2X
VHMDFULRXVHGHOLEHUDGDPHQWHXPD]RQDGHFRQÁLWR1mRVHSRGHHQWHQGHUGH
PDQHLUDGLYHUVDSRLVDRXWUDLQWHUSUHWDomRVHULDTXHVHIH]GHIRUPDG~ELDMXVWDPHQWHSDUDTXHDQRUPDMXUtGLFDFRQWLQXDVVHLQHÀFD]QRVHQWLGRGHFRQWURODURV
DVVXQWRVGH6HJXUDQoDQD9HQH]XHOD
2XWUDFLUFXQVWkQFLDpDIDOWDGHFRPSUHHQVmRVREUHRVyUJmRVGH6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDHRVGH6HJXUDQoD1DFLRQDO1D9HQH]XHODH[LVWHDIyUPXOD
que é uma técnica mnemônica para recordar como está composto o sistema
GH6HJXUDQoD1DFLRQDO6mRVHLVyUJmRVH[SUHVVDPHQWHVLQDOL]DGRVSDUDDWHQGHUDRSUREOHPDGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDSROtFLDVQDFLRQDLVHVWDGXDLVHSROtFLDV
PXQLFLSDLVDRPHVPRWHPSRFRUSRVGHLQYHVWLJDo}HVSHQDLVHFULPLQDOtVWLFDV
(PVHJXQGROXJDUXPFRUSRGHDGPLQLVWUDomRGHGHVDVWUHV$IyUPXODGRVVHLV
yUJmRVGH6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDHDIyUPXODGDV)RUoDV$UPDGDV1DFLRQDLVSDUD
RVDVVXQWRVGH6HJXUDQoD1DFLRQDO$TXHVWmRpTXHUHVWDPXLWDDWLYLGDGHGH
SUHVWDomRGHFRQWDVGHDXGLWRULDHGHWUDQVSDUrQFLDVREUHRTXHUHDOL]DPHVVDV
RUJDQL]Do}HVFRQFUHWDPHQWH$OJXPDVGHODVQHPDRPHQRVSDVVDP jDomR
FRPR D 3ROtFLD 1DFLRQDO RXWUDV VDHP GR SDSHO GH IRUPD SUHFiULD WHQGR GLÀFXOGDGHHPHQIUHQWDURGHVDÀRjDXWRULGDGHjVSROtFLDVHVWDWDLVHPXQLFLSDLV
TXHHQIUHQWDPGLDULDPHQWHHPHVSHFLDOQDVUHJL}HVHPTXHDVSUHIHLWXUDVVmR
GHRSRVLomRHRQGHDFDGDPRPHQWRVHVXEWUDHPPDLVHPDLVFRPSHWrQFLDV
GHVVDVSROtFLDV
6HPHSHUJXQWDVVHPTXDOpRSUREOHPDPDLVJUDYHGRVYHQH]XHODQRV
QRVSUy[LPRVGH]DQRVQmRGLULDTXHp&KiYH]FRPRPXLWRVSRGHPLPDJLQDU
41
PDVVLPDYLROrQFLDHVWUXWXUDOTXHVHDUUDLJDHÀQFDUDt]HVTXHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFRPRPRGHORGHFRQÁLWRFRWLGLDQRTXHFRQYHUWHDWRGRVRVFLGDGmRVHP
FRPEDWHQWHVIUHQWHjLQFDSDFLGDGHGR(VWDGRHPJDUDQWLURVGLUHLWRVHVVHQFLDLV
jYLGDHjSURSULHGDGHePXLWRIiFLOID]HUXPFKHFNOLVWQD9HQH]XHODHYHULÀFDU
TXHRGLUHLWRPDLVYXOQHUiYHOPLQXWRDPLQXWRpRGDLQWHJULGDGHSHVVRDOHSRU
FRQVHJXLQWHRGLUHLWRjYLGD
7DPEpPWHPRVSUREOHPDVFRPRQDUFRWUiÀFR6RPRVYL]LQKRVGRPDLRU
SURGXWRUGHFRFDtQDGRPXQGRHFRPWRGDVDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVGDtDGYLQGDV+i
XPIDWRUHOHYDQWHHGLJQRGHDWHQomRQmRKRXYHQRV~OWLPRVGH]DQRVQHQKXPDDomRGHFRRSHUDomRSROLFLDORXPLOLWDUHQWUHD&RO{PELDHD9HQH]XHOD2TXH
HQWmRVHSRGHULDHVSHUDUGDIURQWHLUDPDLVYLYDGD$PpULFDGR6XO"
2XWURDVVXQWRGHHVSHFLDOUHOHYkQFLDSDUDD9HQH]XHODSRUVHUXPSDtV
FRPPDLVGHIURQWHLUDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVpRWUiÀFRGHDUPDV2(VWDGRQmRWHP
MXULVGLomRPLJUDWyULDÀVFDOVDQLWiULDDGXDQHLUDFRPRWDPEpPQHQKXPWLSRGH
SROtFLDDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVREUHDH[WHQVmRGRWHUULWyULRQDFLRQDOHWHPRVIURQWHLUDV
FRPSOH[DVSRUWHUUDHPDUSDOFRGHWUiÀFRVKLVWyULFRV+LVWyULDGRV~OWLPRV
DQRVHQWUH7ULQLGDGH9HQH]XHODQDIURQWHLUD$%&$UXED%RQDLUHH&XUDoDX
SRUWDVGHHQWUDGDHVDtGDGHSHQGHQGRGDJHQHURVLGDGHRXGRVLQWHUHVVHVGRV
WUiÀFRVGRPRPHQWRTXHDWXDOPHQWHWDPEpPFRPSRUWDXPDVLWXDomRFRPSOLFDGDGRSRQWRGHYLVWDGRÀPGRFRQÁLWRQD&RO{PELD
5HÀURPHDRÀPGRFRQÁLWRQD&RO{PELDDSDUWLUGRPRPHQWRHPTXH
HVVHVFRQÁLWRVFRPHoDUDPDVHUFULPLQDOL]DGRV0DVHVVHSHUtRGRSRGHGXUDU
XPDGpFDGDeFRQWXGRXPÀPHPWHUPRVWHyULFRVXPPRPHQWRHPTXHVH
SRGHGHWHUPLQDUTXHPHVWiYHQFHQGRRFRQÁLWRTXHPHVWiFRPDFKDYHGD
FDGHLD+RXYHFHUWDPHQWHDRWpUPLQRGDFULPLQDOL]DomRGRFRQÁLWRXPSURFHVVRGHGHVPRELOL]DomRPDVVHJXQGRGDGRVGD&RPLVVmR,QWHUDPHULFDQD
GRV'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVPDLVGHPLOGHVPRELOL]DGRVWrPSDUDGHLURLQFHUWR
QmRVHVDEHRQGHHVWmRRTXHJHUDSUHRFXSDomRSRUSDUWHGRVSDtVHVYL]LQKRVHVSHFLDOPHQWH(TXDGRUH9HQH]XHOD
1D9HQH]XHODDTXHVWmRGDVDUPDVLOHJDLVpXPDVVXQWRHVSHFLDO1mR
VRPHQWHRVPLOK}HVTXHVHJXQGRGDGRVRÀFLDLVHVWmRQDVPmRVGDJXHUULOKDLPSRUWDGDGDV)$5&GR(/1³([pUFLWRGH/LEHUWDomR1DFLRQDO³FRPR
WDPEpPQDVGDVJXHUULOKDVDXWyFWRQHVGDV)RUoDV%ROLYDULDQDVGH/LEHUWDomR
,VVRWDPEpPDSRQWDSDUDDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHXWLOL]DomRGHDUPDVSRUSDUWHGRV
SDUDPLOLWDUHVHQmRVHWUDWDGHXPDVVXQWRGHLGHRORJL]DomRGDSUHVHQoDGH
42
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Rocío San Miguel
JUXSRVDUPDGRVjPDUJHPGDOHLPDVVLPGDGHOLEHUDGDSROtWLFDGR(VWDGRGH
DUPDUFROHWLYRVVRFLDLVTXHSUROLIHUDPFRPÀQVLGHROyJLFRVeSHUYHUVDDVLWXDomRGHWUDQVIHULUDRVFLGDGmRVTXHVW}HVGHLQWHOLJrQFLDSROLFLDOGDVPmRVGRV
*UXSRV GH 6HJXUDQoD DRV FKDPDGRV SDUDPLOLWDUHV WDLV FRPR D 0LOtFLD 0LOLWDU
%ROLYDULDQDTXHHQWURXHPDomRjPDUJHPGD&RQVWLWXLomR
$V FUtWLFDV TXH ID]HPRV DR *RYHUQR QRV FRORFDP GR RXWUR ODGR GD
FDOoDGDPDVQmRGHYHPVLJQLÀFDUTXHVRPRVRSRVLWRUHVD&KiYH]2WUDEDOKR
GDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGHTXHPHVWHMDQRJRYHUQRpVHPSUH
ID]HUFUtWLFDVHYLJLDUFRQWURODUFRPRFLGDGmRVVDEHURTXDQWRHFRPRVHJDVWD VH RV JDVWRV FRUUHVSRQGHP DR GHWHUPLQDGR QR RUoDPHQWR 'R FRQWUiULR
VHUtDPRVDSHQDVDJHQWHVGHSURSDJDQGDGHXPJRYHUQRTXHSRUFHUWRQD
9HQH]XHOD³GLJDRTXHVHGLJDGD4XDUWDRX4XLQWD5HS~EOLFD³HVWiID]HQGRXPHQRUPHXVRGRVUHFXUVRVSDUDID]HUVXDSUySULDJHVWmR
$TXHVWmRGDVDUPDVpGHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDD9HQH]XHODPDV
WHPRVTXHQRVPDQWHUDWHQWRVHPWRGRVRVSDtVHVGD$PpULFDGR6XOSRUTXH
os números que parecem não interessar a ninguém mostram que quatro dos cinFRSDtVHVH[SRUWDGRUHVGHDUPDVVmRPHPEURVGR&RQVHOKRGH6HJXUDQoDGDV
1Do}HV8QLGDV(PSULPHLUROXJDURV(VWDGRV8QLGRVHPVHJXQGRD5~VVLD
HPWHUFHLURD$OHPDQKDHPTXDUWRD)UDQoDHHPTXLQWRRVEULWkQLFRV3RUWDQWR
QmRKiXPGLiORJRIUDQFRQHPPHVPRHPUHODomRDRQDUFRWUiÀFReFRQVWDQWHD
LGHRORJL]DomRGRWHPDQDUFRWUiÀFRQD$PpULFD/DWLQD1mRVHIDODSRUH[HPSOR
GRTXHGL](YR0RUDOHVTXHDÀUPDVHUR%UDVLORGHVWLQRÀQDOGHGDFRFDtQDEROLYLDQDRPDOpRLPSpULR(DWpTXHQmRVHGHVIDoDHVVDLGHRORJL]DomR
VHUiGLItFLODYDQoDUQDEXVFDGHVROXo}HVUHDLVeQHFHVViULRHGLÀFDUXPSURMHWR
GHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDFRPFRQWH~GRHYLDELOLGDGHTXHLQVSLUHFRQÀDQoDHJHUH
PXGDQoDV
3UHRFXSDPH D LGHRORJL]DomR GR WHUPR ´VRFLHGDGH FLYLOµ (P SDtVHV
FRPRD9HQH]XHODRWHUPRDGTXLUHXPUHS~GLRJRYHUQDPHQWDOLQDGPLVVtYHOGH
FRQIURQWDomRSDUDDVVRFLiORFRPDRSRVLomRHFULPLQDOL]DUDWpPHVPRHVIRUoRVJHQXtQRVGHFRQWUROHGDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV1D9HQH]XHODVRFLHGDGHFLYLO
VmRRVFRQVHOKRVFRPXQLWiULRVFRPXQDVHRXWURVWHUPRVGDQRYDQRPHQFODWXUD
TXHR(VWDGRSURPRYH
3UHRFXSDPHDWUDQVIHUrQFLDGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHjVRFLHGDGHFLYLOGH
FRPSHWrQFLDVRXWURUDJRYHUQDPHQWDLVFRPRDGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDHDLGHLD
GHUHGLVWULEXLUHTXLWDWLYDPHQWHDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGRIUDFDVVR2EVHUYRPXLWDV
43
LQYHQo}HVQHVVDPDQLSXODomRGHFRPSHWrQFLDVYLRODQGRD&RQVWLWXLomRHDV
QRUPDVOHJDLV&RPHVVHGHVSRMRGHDWULEXLo}HVYHMRTXHSUHFLVDPRVFRPHoDU
DGHOHJDUSDUDUHGLVWULEXLUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV
3UHRFXSDPHWDPEpPRIDWRGHTXHVmRFDGDYH]PDLRUHVRVREVWiFXORVOHJDLVHDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVSDUDÀQDQFLDPHQWRGRVHVIRUoRVGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLO
QRFRQWUROHGDVSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDÀQDQFLDPHQWRVTXHVHEXVFDP
SHOD FRRSHUDomR LQWHUQDFLRQDO 6mR UHSXGLiYHLV DV OHLV TXH SURtEHP D FRRSHUDomR LQWHUQDFLRQDO SDUD R H[HUFtFLR LQGHSHQGHQWH GD DWLYLGDGH GH 21*V HP
SDtVHVFRPR&RO{PELD9HQH]XHOD3HUXHRXWURVeLQTXLHWDQWHDIDOWDGHHVSDoRV LQVWLWXFLRQDLV KHPLVIpULFRV SDUD TXH KDMD XPD YHUGDGHLUD SDUWLFLSDomR GD
VRFLHGDGHFLYLOQHVVHWHPD
7LYHPRV DOJXQV HVIRUoRV JHQXtQRV $V 21*V FRQWULEXtUDP QDV GHÀQLo}HVGRFRQFHLWRGH6HJXUDQoD0XOWLGLPHQVLRQDOPDVDSHQDVXPDVRUJDQL]Do}HVFRQVHJXLUDPYHQFHURVREVWiFXORVSDUDSRGHUFKHJDUD:DVKLQJWRQ
HWUDWDUGHUHGLJLUXPGRFXPHQWRFRQVHQVXDOTXHpGHFODUDWLYRPDVTXHGLÀFLOPHQWHYDLFRQVHJXLUFRORFiODVIUHQWHDIUHQWHFRPRVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGRVJRYHUQRVGRVSDtVHVGRKHPLVIpULR
eWDPEpPSUHRFXSDQWHDGHÀQLomRDLQGDSHQGHQWHGDVWDUHIDVTXHGHYHP VHU UHDOL]DGDV SHOD VRFLHGDGH FLYLO TXH YmR DOpP GD GHQ~QFLD H GH VXD
XWLOL]DomRHPSODQRVHSURJUDPDVGHUHLQVHUomRGHGHOLQTXHQWHV
&HUWDPHQWHIDOWDLQWHJUDUH[SHULrQFLDVFRPSDUDGDVSRUpPpSUHFLVRWRPDUFXLGDGRSDUDQmRFRQIXQGLUDVFRPSHWrQFLDVHVVHQFLDLVGR(VWDGRFRPDV
TXHSRVVDPVHUFRPSDUWLOKDGDVFRPDVRFLHGDGHFLYLO3UHRFXSDPHDGHVHVWUXWXUDomRGDIDPtOLDHGDHVFRODFRPRHOHPHQWRVFKDYHQDVSROtWLFDVGHODUJR
DOFDQFHHPPDWpULDGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDFRPRWDPEpPDIDOWDGHSURJUDPDV
TXHIRPHQWHPDFLGDGDQLDRFRPSURPLVVRVRFLDOHDVROLGDULHGDGH,VVRpEHP
PDLVFRPSOH[RGRTXHRFRQFHLWRGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVRFLDOKRMHHPYRJD(VVDVGLVIXQo}HVHVWmRPLQDQGRDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHORQJRDOFDQFHFRPDVTXDLV
DVRFLHGDGHFLYLOSXGHVVHUHDOPHQWHFRODERUDU
&KDPR D DWHQomR DR TXH FRQVLGHUR HQYROYLPHQWRV SHULJRVRV $ 9HQH]XHODHVWiSRQGRHPSUiWLFDXPDH[SHULrQFLDTXHSHGHjVRFLHGDGHFLYLOTXHVH
RUJDQL]HHPFRUSRVGHFRPEDWHQWHVHPPLOtFLDVQDFLRQDLVFROHWLYRVVRFLDLVFRPLWrVGHVHJXUDQoDHHPFRQVHOKRVFRPXQLWiULRVDÀPGHUHDOL]DUDWLYLGDGHVGH
LQWHOLJrQFLDVRFLDORTXHREYLDPHQWHWHPLPSDFWDGRRVtQGLFHVGHFULPLQDOLGDGH
(VVDpXPDH[SHULrQFLDTXHHPTXHSHVHDOJXPEHQHItFLRQmRGHYHVHUFRSLDGD
44
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Rocío San Miguel
3RUÀPHQXPHURRVSRQWRVTXHGHYHPVHUOHPEUDGRVXPDSHUVSHFWLYD
JHQXtQDGHDUPDVOHYHVHSHTXHQDVXPFRPSURPLVVRQmRLGHRORJL]DGRGRWUiÀFRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHGURJDVXPDYLJLOkQFLDGDVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHWUDQVSDUrQFLD
FRQWUROHHDXGLWRULDFLGDGmVREUHDFRUUXSomRHÀQDOPHQWHRDSRLRGDWHFQRORJLD1RVpFXOR;;,pQHFHVViULRVHUYLUVHGHWRGDDWHFQRORJLDGLVSRQtYHOSDUDD
EXVFDGHTXDOTXHUVROXomRHÀFD]
45
46
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Um Novo Paradigma no Combate
j9LROrQFLDHDR1DUFRWUiÀFR
Sebastián Acha
5
Sebastián Acha
Deputado Nacional do Paraguai
3RGHUtDPRVGLVFXWLURWHPDGDVHJXUDQoDGDLQVHJXUDQoDHGRPHGR
ORQJDPHQWHHGHVWDFRDSDODYUDPHGRSRUTXHGRSRQWRGHYLVWDGDVRFLHGDGH
FLYLORTXHYHPRVVmRPDQLIHVWDo}HVGHLQVHJXUDQoD(VWRXQRPHXVHJXQGR
mandato legislativo e tenho o triste recorde de ter sido o primeiro parlamentar
DPHDoDGRSHODJXHUULOKDQR3DUDJXDL&RPRVHQmRQRVIDOWDVVHPSUREOHPDV
DJRUD WHPRV R DXWRGHQRPLQDGR ([pUFLWR 3DUDJXDLR GR 3RYR TXH QDGD PDLV
pGRTXHXPDFpOXODGDV)$5&WUDEDOKDQGRQR3DUDJXDLTXHQmRVHGHGLFDD
UHLYLQGLFDo}HVLGHROyJLFDVRXDTXHVW}HVVRFLDLVPDVVLPDRQDUFRWUiÀFRDR
WUiÀFRGHDUPDVHDRXWUDVTXHVW}HVTXHDERUGDUHPRVPDLVDGLDQWH&RPRVH
VDEHVmRTXHVW}HVTXHDQGDPMXQWDV
$ LQVHJXUDQoD YHP VH FRQYHUWHQGR QXP WHPD TXDVH TXH H[FOXVLYR
QD SROtWLFD GD $PpULFD /DWLQD QRV ~OWLPRV DQRV 6H FRPSDUDUPRV FRP R
OXJDUTXHHVWHDVVXQWRRFXSDYDKiDQRVQDVQRVVDVFDPSDQKDVSROtWLFDV
SRGHPRVYHUVXEVWDQFLDOGLIHUHQoD+RMHVHULDLPSHQViYHOTXHXPFDQGLGDWR
QmRRLQFOXtVVHHPVXDVFDPSDQKDV
2EYLDPHQWH QmR FRQVHJXLUHPRV HVJRWDU RV PRWLYRV GHVVD FUHVFHQWH
SUHRFXSDomRGRHOHLWRUDGRPDVTXHURH[SRUFLQFRWHPDVSDUDGLVFXVVmR7HPRVXPDQRYDGLQkPLFDVRFLDOHPSXUUDGDSHODWHFQRORJLDHWHPRVTXHSURFXUDU
FRPSDWLELOL]DURWUDEDOKRSROtWLFRFRPRVRFLDOSDUDSRGHUPRVHQIUHQWDURVSUREOHPDV2SULPHLURGHOHVGDSHUVSHFWLYDGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOpRTXH-RVp0DULD
0DUGRQHV EULOKDQWH VRFLyORJR HVSDQKRO FRORFD FRPR D SULYDWL]DomR GD YLGD
'LJRLVVRFRPEDVHHPPLQKDH[SHULrQFLDDQWHULRUjDWLYLGDGHSROtWLFDFRPR
GHVHQYROYLPHQWRUXUDOHDGLQkPLFDGR7HUFHLUR6HWRU
&RPDH[SUHVVmR´SULYDWL]DomRGDYLGDµ0DUGRQHVFDUDFWHUL]DXPIHQ{PHQRSyVPRGHUQRFRPRXPGLYyUFLRHQWUHRFRPSURPLVVRGRFLGDGmRHD
YLGDS~EOLFD2FLGDGmRFRQVWUyLKRMHHPGLDFDVDFRPPXURVFDGDYH]PDLV
DOWRVHGHVVDPDQHLUDVHDSDUWDGRTXHRFRUUHQDUXD$VVLPID]HPDVSHVVRDV
47
Um Novo Paradigma no Combate à Violência e ao Narcotráfico
TXHWrPFDSDFLGDGHGHJHUDUPXGDQoDVVHMDSRUFRQWDGRHVSDoRVRFLDOTXH
RFXSDPVHMDSRUVHXQtYHOFXOWXUDORXHFRQ{PLFR
2 KRPHP H D PXOKHU SyVPRGHUQRV HQFRQWUDUDP DPSDUR QDV FRPRGLGDGHVTXHRVDYDQoRVWHFQROyJLFRVRIHUHFHPFRPRLQWHUQHWUHGHVVRFLDLV
RQGHFRPRGL]XPFLHQWLVWDSROtWLFRDUJHQWLQRDVSHVVRDVSRGHPGHVYHODUVXD
LQWLPLGDGHVHPULVFRVjVXDVHJXUDQoDSRGHPUHYHODURTXHTXHUHPVHPVDLU
GHFDVDVHPTXHVHXFRUSRHVWHMDHPSHULJReXPIHQ{PHQRPXLWRLPSRUWDQWH
que marca um desinteresse quase que geral dos cidadãos pelas questões da
YLGDS~EOLFD2VEDLUURVUHVLGHQFLDLVPDLVFDURVGDVSULQFLSDLVFLGDGHVGD$Pprica Latina têm sido ocupados por guaritas de segurança privada e os parques e
HVSDoRVS~EOLFRVYmRGDQGROXJDUDRVFRQGRPtQLRVHFOXEHVSULYDGRVFRQYHUWHQGRDÀVLRQRPLDGDFLGDGHHPXPDVXFHVVmRGHPXUDOKDVHGHUXDVWUDQTXLODV
SRURQGHDYDQoDPFDUURVYHOR]HVEOLQGDGRVPXLWDVYH]HVDFRPSDQKDGRVSRU
RXWURVFRPJXDUGDFRVWDVDUPDGRV
eFODURTXHH[LVWHXPDSUHRFXSDomRS~EOLFDHPUHODomRjVHJXUDQoD
Essas mesmas pessoas que se encerram em seus domicílios bem guarGDGRV H[LJHP SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV QD KRUD GH YRWDU PDV LQIHOL]PHQWH R (VWDGR
QmRWHPUHVSRQGLGRGHIRUPDHÀFLHQWHDHVVDGHPDQGD2ÀPGD*XHUUD)ULD
RDFHVVRDRFRQKHFLPHQWRTXHDLQWHUQHWSURSLFLDHRYROXPHGHIRUWXQDVTXH
ÁXWXDPQDVVRFLHGDGHVODWLQRDPHULFDQDVVRFLHGDGHVGHXPDWmRJUDQGHGHVLJXDOGDGHVRFLDOFULDUDPXPVRORPXLWRIpUWLOSDUDRÁRUHVFLPHQWRGDVJXDUGDV
SULYDGDV TXH XWLOL]DP LQIUDHVWUXWXUDV DQWHV UHVHUYDGDV DR FDPSR PLOLWDU RX GH
6HJXUDQoD1DFLRQDOHTXHDJRUDHVWmRDRDOFDQFHGHWRGRVTXHSRVVDPSDJDU
RSUHoRTXHFXVWDP
1DVFDSLWDLVODWLQRDPHULFDQDVEURWDPFRPRIXQJRVRVFRQGRPtQLRV
IHFKDGRV FXMR PDLRU DSHOR FRPHUFLDO UHVLGH QD H[SUHVVmR ´VHJXUDQoD SDUD
YRFrHVXDIDPtOLDµHHVVHVHPSUHHQGLPHQWRVPXLWDVYH]HVHVWmRHP]RQDV
FHUFDGDVSRUEDLUURVPLVHUiYHLV
2FRPSURPLVVRGRFLGDGmRFRPDVXDFLGDGHGDEXVFDGHXPDLGHQWLGDGHFRPHODFRPRJRYHUQRPXQLFLSDOFRPDDXWRULGDGHTXHHVWHMDPDLV
SHUWRSDUDVROXFLRQDUSUREOHPDVHVWiGLOXtGRRXWRWDOPHQWHGHVDSDUHFLGRH
isso por conta das migrações das pessoas de mais alto nível cultural e econôPLFRHPGLUHomRDRVFRQGRPtQLRVHEDLUURVH[FOXVLYRVRQGHRVSUREOHPDVGH
VHJXUDQoDVmREHPPHQRUHV1RVDQWLJRVEDLUURVGDVQRVVDVDQWLJDVFDSLWDLVÀFDUDPDVFODVVHVPpGLDVHEDL[DVjPHUFrGDGHOLQTXrQFLDRUJDQL]DGD
48
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Sebastián Acha
GDGHOLQTXrQFLDGHVRUJDQL]DGD³DWpPDLVSHULJRVD³HGDGHOLQTXrQFLDGR
(VWDGRTXHpRWHUFHLURIDWRUDVHUDQDOLVDGR
eFDGDYH]PDLVGLItFLOGLVFXWLUSROtWLFDVORFDLVQRVPXQLFtSLRVFRPRV
SUHIHLWRVRXLQWHQGHQWHVSRUTXHQmRHVWiFRPHOHVRSRGHUGHGHFLVmRFRPR
WDPEpPQmRHVWiRQtYHOGHLQWHUHVVHS~EOLFRSRUSDUWHGRFLGDGmR&RPRFRUROiULRWHPRVHVVHPRYLPHQWRItVLFRGDVFODVVHVFRPPDLVSRGHUTXHYHPFRURDU
XPDGHVFDSLWDOL]DomRVRFLDOGHL[DQGRRVPXQLFtSLRVVHPFRQGLo}HVGHHQIUHQWDURVGHVDÀRVGRQHRSRSXOLVPRTXHHQFRQWURXQHVVDFULVHHFRQIXVmRXPERP
WHUUHQRSDUDGHVHQYROYHUVH
(VVDVLWXDomRGHFRQIXVmRHFULVHWHPFRPRFRUROiULRRXFRPRSDQR
GHIXQGRRVHJXQGRSRQWRTXHpDGHVLJXDOGDGHRXDLQLTXLGDGHSUREOHPD
FHQWUDOGHQRVVDVVRFLHGDGHV+iXPHVWXGRPXLWRLQWHUHVVDQWHTXHVXVWHQWD
TXHRVSDtVHVPDLVSREUHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQD+DLWL%ROtYLDHWDOYH]3HUXQmR
VHMDPRVPDLVYLROHQWRV
$ YLROrQFLD VH FRQFHQWUD HP RXWURV SDtVHV FRPR &RO{PELD $UJHQWLQD%UDVLOTXHSDUDGR[DOPHQWHVmRSDtVHVPXLWRPDLVULFRVTXHRVDQWHULRUHV
$VVLP QmR SRGHPRV HVFDSDU j FRQFOXVmR GH TXH p D LQLTXLGDGH D FDXVD GD
LQVHJXUDQoDHQmRVRPHQWHDSREUH]D$$PpULFD/DWLQDWULOKDXPFDPLQKRLURQLFDPHQWHLJXDOQDGHVLJXDOGDGHQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRDRFUHVFLPHQWRHFRQ{PLFR
HjUHGLVWULEXLomRGDVULTXH]DVQRV~OWLPRVFLQFRDQRV$HVFDVVDPHOKRUDTXH
VHDSUHVHQWRXQXPSXQKDGRGHSDtVHVIRLLQVXÀFLHQWHVHFRPSDUDGDDRVFUXpLV
tQGLFHVGHGHVLJXDOGDGHTXHDIHWDPDFDGDXPGRVSDtVHVGDUHJLmR(VVDpD
UHDOLGDGHGDTXDOQLQJXpPHVFDSDQRVGLDVGHKRMH
Ao problema da desigualdade se está somando o crescimento de proMHWRVSRSXOLVWDVPHVVLkQLFRVDQWLGHPRFUiWLFRVHDQWLUUHSXEOLFDQRVTXHVRED
EDQGHLUDGDLJXDOGDGHDWURSHODPDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHQmRVRPHQWHWRPDPRSRGHU
FRPRXVDPHDEXVDPGHOHSDUDHQULTXHFHURVVHXVGLULJHQWHVFDXVDQGRDVVLP
PDLVSREUH]DjVPDVVDVSRSXODUHVTXHGL]HPGHIHQGHU2DPRUDRVSREUHVp
WmRJUDQGHTXHRVID]HPPXOWLSOLFDUHPPLOK}HV
3DUDHPSUHHQGHURGLItFLOHORQJRFDPLQKRGHFRQVWUXomRGHXPDVRFLHGDGHPDLVHTXLWDWLYDGHYHPRVHQIUHQWDUDVDPHDoDVGRQHRSRSXOLVPRFRP
DOJRPDLVGRTXHXPPHURGLVFXUVRUHDWLYReSUHFLVRGHVSHUWDUFRQGLo}HVQD
FLGDGDQLD H QD VRFLHGDGH FLYLO ( HVVDV VmR Do}HV SURDWLYDV SDUD GHVDUPDU D
DPHDoDWRWDOLWiULDGRVDPDGRVVRFLDOLVPRVGRVpFXOR;;,QD$PpULFD/DWLQD
$SDUWLFLSDomRGDVRFLHGDGHSRUPHLRGHJUrPLRVFRRSHUDWLYDVHRX-
49
WUDV RUJDQL]Do}HV LQWHUPHGLiULDV FRPR 21*V RX IXQGDo}HV QmR SRGH VHU OLPLWDGDjGHIHVDGHGLUHLWRVSUySULRVPDVVLPLQFLGLUSRVLWLYDPHQWHGHIRUPD
D SURPRYHU D LJXDOGDGH GH FRQGLo}HV LQLFLDLV SDUD TXH RV VHWRUHV H[FOXtGRV
FRQVLJDPSURJUHVVLYDPHQWHDFXPXODUFDSLWDOItVLFRHKXPDQRLQRYDQGRHPHOKRUDQGRDJHVWmRGRULVFRHGHVVHPRGRLQFUHPHQWDUVHXVQtYHLVGHSURGXWLYLGDGH2SDSHOGDVRUJDQL]Do}HVLQWHUPHGLiULDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDVGDVRFLHGDGH
FLYLOpDEVROXWDPHQWHLQVXEVWLWXtYHOQHVVHDVVXQWR
$LVVRVHVRPDRWHUFHLURSRQWRGHDQiOLVHTXHpRSDSHOGRVPHLRVGH
FRPXQLFDomR2XWURGRVIHQ{PHQRVGDSyVPRGHUQLGDGHpDVXSHUH[SRVLomR
GHIDWRVYLROHQWRVTXHDIHWDPDSRSXODomRH[SORUDGDSRUWRGRVRVPHLRVGH
FRPXQLFDomR GLDULDPHQWH $ FRUUXSomR GHQWUR GDV LQVWLWXLo}HV HQFDUUHJDGDV
da segurança interna vai sendo substituída pelos meios de comunicação em
VXDIXQomRWXWRUDGHIRUPDTXHHPDOJXQVSDtVHVFRPRR3DUDJXDLVRPHQWH
GRVGHOLWRVVmRDSUHVHQWDGRVDXPDDXWRULGDGHSROLFLDODRPHVPRWHPSR
HPTXHWrPFDGDYH]PDLVVXFHVVRRVPHLRVVHQVDFLRQDOLVWDVTXHVHQXWUHPGR
QRWLFLiULRGDYLROrQFLD
6HUiTXHH[LVWHXPD´VHQVDomRWpUPLFDµGDGHOLQTXrQFLD"2VVHFUHWiULRVHPLnistros encarregados da segurança interna são duramente criticados quando
IDODPGHVWHWHPD5HFHEHPFUtWLFDVGDVRFLHGDGHGRVPHLRVGHFRPXQLFDomRH
GDRSRVLomRSROtWLFDTXDQGRGLVFXWHPDSHUFHSomRGHLQVHJXUDQoD(QWUHWDQWR
KiGDGRVPXLWRLQWHUHVVDQWHVTXHQmRMXVWLÀFDPDIDOWDGHDomRGRVJRYHUQRV
QHPGRVH[HFXWLYRVFRPRSRUH[HPSORREDU{PHWURODWLQRGRDQRGHTXH
GL]LDTXHGRVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVWHPHPVHUYtWLPDVGHDOJXPGHOLWR
$VXEVWLWXLomRGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVIRUPDLVHQFDUUHJDGDVGDVHJXUDQoDLQWHUQD SHORV PHLRV GH FRPXQLFDomR VXS}H R H[HUFtFLR IXQGDPHQWDO GR GLUHLWR
j OLYUH H[SUHVVmR e XPD GHFLVmR DEVROXWDPHQWH OLYUH GR FLGDGmR DPSDUDGD
SRUWUDWDGRVDFRUGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVHSRUQRVVDV&RQVWLWXLo}HVPDVPHVPR
DVVLPS}HQRVHPIDFHGHXPDQRYDGLPHQVmRGRSUREOHPDGDLQVHJXUDQoD
TXDQGRSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHVRPRVLQIHVWDGRVFRPLQIRUPDo}HVTXHQRVPRVWUDPFDODPLGDGHVFDGDYH]PDLVWHUUtYHLVFULPHVHYLROrQFLDHPQRVVDVVRFLHGDGHVGHL[DQGRQRVFRPFLFDWUL]HVDEHUWDV
,PSHQViYHOLPDJLQDUDOJXPWLSRGHFHQVXUDDHVVDVRUWHGHLQIRUPDo}HV
TXHQRIXQGRVyPRVWUDPHPTXHVRFLHGDGHHVWDPRVYLYHQGRPDVpWDPEpP
LQVXÀFLHQWHVRPHQWHPRVWUDUHVVDVÀJXUDV(ODVGHYHPYLUFDUUHJDGDVGHUHÁH[mRGRVFRPXQLFDGRUHVHGRVPHLRVjGLVSRVLomRSDUDRFRQVXPRGDSRSXOD-
50
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Sebastián Acha
omRHVSHFLDOPHQWHDPDLVMRYHP'HYHJHUDUXPUHWRUQRSURYHLWRVRDRHQIRTXH
que se dá ao problema da insegurança e não ser apenas um reporte penoso dos
KRPLFtGLRVGRGLD
eQHFHVViULRTXHDLPSUHQVDGLVSRQKDGHSURÀVVLRQDLVHVSHFLDOL]DGRV
QR WHPD GD VHJXUDQoD GD PHVPD PDQHLUD FRPR GLVS}H GH HVSHFLDOLVWDV HP
IXWHEROHPHFRQRPLDRXSROtWLFD'HYHPRVWHUMRUQDOLVWDVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVHPVHJXUDQoDTXHSRVVDPH[SOLFDURTXHHVWDPRVYLYHQGRRTXHDVQRVVDVJHUDo}HV
PDLVMRYHQVHVWmRDFRPSDQKDQGRQDWHOHYLVmR7HPRVTXHPXGDURHQIRTXHGR
GHOLWRHTXDQGRRFRUUHUXPIDWRGHFRQVWHUQDomRGHYHPRVFRORFDURVHVSHFLDOLVWDVIUHQWHjVFkPHUDVHQmRDSHQDVDVYtWLPDVSRUTXHHODVUHDJHPGHXPD
PDQHLUDLUUDFLRQDODHVVHWLSRGHHVWtPXORSHODYLROrQFLDTXHVRIUHUDP1mRVH
OKHVSRGHSHGLUTXHFXPSUDPDVOHLVTXHQmRFKRUHPGLDQWHGRÀOKRGRPDULGR
RXGDHVSRVDTXHDFDEDGHVHUDVVDVVLQDGR,VVRpPXLWRJUDYH$VVLPDOpP
GHPRVWUDUHVVDUHDOLGDGHpQHFHVViULRPRVWUDUXPDDQiOLVHPDLVFLHQWtÀFDHP
UHODomRDRSUREOHPDGDLQVHJXUDQoD
3DVVHPRVDRSRQWRVHJXLQWHGHQRVVDDQiOLVHRQDUFRWUiÀFReDDPHDoDPDLVDODUPDQWHQmRVyDRVQRVVRVJRYHUQRVPDVjSUySULDVREUHYLYrQFLD
GH QRVVRV (VWDGRV ( QmR VmR SRXFRV RV HVSHFLDOLVWDV TXH R DÀUPDP FRP
YHHPrQFLDFDGDYH]PDLRU2VXEVWDQFLDOFUHVFLPHQWRGRVQHJyFLRVYLQFXODGRV
DRQDUFRWUiÀFRDIUDJLOLGDGHLQVWLWXFLRQDOGDPDLRULDGRV(VWDGRVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVDYLQFXODomRGDVJXHUULOKDVDHVVDDWLYLGDGHLOHJDOVmRHOHPHQWRVGHXPD
VLWXDomRTXHVHQmRIRUDERUGDGDGHPDQHLUDVLVWrPLFDHLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHL[DUi
RFRQWLQHQWHHPXPDVLWXDomRGHLQFyJQLWDFRPUHVSHLWRjFDSDFLGDGHGHHQIUHQWDUDVIXQo}HVPtQLPDVGHVHJXUDQoDTXHWRGDRUJDQL]DomRSROtWLFDGLJQD
GHVHXFRQWUDWRVRFLDOGHYHULDRIHUHFHU
3UHVHQFLDPRVDODUPDGRVRYROXPHGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVPRQHWiULRV
HORJtVWLFRVFRPTXHRSHUDPKRMHHPGLDRVJUXSRVFULPLQRVRVYLQFXODGRVDR
WUiÀFRLOHJDOGHGURJDV2YROXPHGHQHJyFLRVVXSHUDLQFOXVLYHR3,%GHYiULRV
SDtVHVODWLQRDPHULFDQRV6RPHQWHQR0p[LFRQR~OWLPRDQRHVWLPDYDVHTXH
RVFDUWpLVYLQFXODGRVjGURJDPDQHMDVVHPELOK}HVGHGyODUHV$SDUWLFLSDomR
GDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOVHOLPLWRXDH[HUFHUSUHVVmRSRUPHLRGHJUXSRVGHOREE\RX
RUJDQL]Do}HVGH6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFD$o}HV~WHLVQHFHVViULDVPDVLQVXÀFLHQWHVSDUDDERUGDUDDWXDOGLPHQVmRGRSUREOHPD
3RURFDVLmRGR~OWLPRIRUR´7UrV'pFDGDVGD7HUFHLUD2QGD'HPRFUiWLFD
QD$PpULFD/DWLQDµUHDOL]DGRHP6DQWR'RPLQJRHPRXWXEURGHRSUH-
51
VLGHQWHGRPLQLFDQR/HRQHO)HUQiQGH]IH]DVHJXLQWHUHÁH[mRDFHUFDGDVVROXo}HVSURSRVWDVSDUDRFRPEDWHDRQDUFRWUiÀFRHQWUHHODVDGDGHVSHQDOL]DomR
GHFHUWRWLSRGHGURJDV´1mRVHULDPDLVIiFLOEDUDWRH~WLOFRQVWUXLUXPDTXDGUD
GHEDVTXHWHGRTXHFRPSUDUDUPDVSDUDFRPEDWHURVJUXSRVPDÀRVRV"µ2V
FRPLWrVFLGDGmRVDGHQ~QFLDDQ{QLPDHDSUHVVmRSRUPDLVUHFXUVRVjSROtFLD
VmRQHFHVViULRVPDVLQVXÀFLHQWHVeLPSHUDWLYRSDUDWRGRVQyVRHQWHQGLPHQWR
GHQWURGDVRUJDQL]Do}HVFLYLVGDUHQRYDomRGRFRPSURPLVVRHGDGLPHQVmRGD
SDUWLFLSDomRQRFRPEDWHHIHWLYRDHVVHYLOÁDJHOR
3RU~OWLPRDQDOLVDUHPRVRVLVWHPDFDUFHUiULR$GtYLGDGD$PpULFD/DWLQDFRPDSRSXODomRFDUFHUiULDHPPDWpULDVGHGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVpVLPSOHVPHQWH LPRUDO $LQGD TXH DV UHIRUPDV SHQDLV H SURFHVVXDLV GD GpFDGD GH WHQKDPDSRQWDGRSDUDDKXPDQL]DomRGDVSHQDVWUDQVIRUPDomRDFHLWDSHODV
FRPXQLGDGHV MXUtGLFD H SROtWLFDV QmR VH WUDQVPLWLX HVVH HVStULWR j VRFLHGDGH
TXHVHJXHYHQGRHDFHLWDQGRRFiUFHUHFRPRXPOXJDUGHH[SLDomRHSRUWDQWRGHVRIULPHQWRGHYLGRDRVTXHFRPHWHUDPGHOLWRV2VFHQWURVSHQLWHQFLiULRV
GHPHQRUHVPXOKHUHVHDGXOWRVVHFRQYHUWHUDPVDOYRKRQURVDVH[FHo}HVHP
YHUGDGHLURVFHQWURVGHHVSHFLDOL]DomRHPGHOLQTXrQFLDHFULPHRQGHSRUIDOWD
GHUHFXUVRVHGRLQYHVWLPHQWRGHYLGRDDJORPHUDomRHRFRQÀQDPHQWRKXPDQR
convertem em nulas a possibilidade de reabilitação e reinserção dos que comeWHUDPGHOLWRV
$ SDUWLFLSDomR GD VRFLHGDGH FLYLO HP PDWpULD GH GLUHLWR SHQLWHQFLiULR
GHYHVHURULHQWDGDDH[HUFHUXPFRQWUROHVREUHRVGLUHLWRVGRVLQWHUQRVDÀPGH
que possam ter uma mínima possibilidade de reabilitação dentro das penitenFLiULDV3DUDTXHLVVRRFRUUDQmREDVWDPRVGLVFXUVRVSROtWLFRVQHPDVDo}HV
PLGLiWLFDVeSUHFLVRLQYHVWLPHQWRÀQDQFHLURGRVHWRUS~EOLFRHGRVHWRUSULYDGR
HPVLVWHPDVFDUFHUiULRVPLVWRVTXHRIHUHoDPSRVVLELOLGDGHGHWUDEDOKRDÀP
de romper o paradigma cultural dominante de que o presidiário é irredimível e
QmRVXVFHWtYHOGHQHQKXPGLUHLWRKXPDQR'HYHVHPRVWUDUTXHRLQYHVWLPHQWR
HPVLVWHPDVFRUUHFLRQDLVUHGXQGDHPEHQHItFLRVjVRFLHGDGHHTXHpJUDQGH
a porcentagem de reinserção se tivermos melhor predisposição a respeito da
SRSXODomRFDUFHUiULD
3DUD FRQFOXLU p FHUWR TXH QmR VH HVJRWD DTXL R SDSHO GD VRFLHGDGH
FLYLO HP PDWpULD GH VHJXUDQoD SHOR FRQWUiULR RV SRQWRV TXH DQDOLVDPRV VmR
SRQWDVGHODQoDSDUDGLVFXVV}HVIXWXUDV(PWHPSRVGHGHVHQFDQWRFRPRTXH
pSROtWLFRHS~EOLFRpQHFHVViULRHXUJHQWHHQYROYHUDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOQDSUHRFX-
52
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Sebastián Acha
SDomRGDVTXHVW}HVGH(VWDGR2VPHFDQLVPRVSROtWLFRVWUDGLFLRQDLVQmRVmR
VXÀFLHQWHV H R GLVFXUVR GR DOWR GR EDOFmR WDPEpP QmR p 3UHFLVDPRV LQRYDU
$VVLPFRPRÀ]HPRVQRVHWRUSULYDGRWHPRVTXHID]HUQRVHWRUS~EOLFReQHcessário o entendimento da classe política para comprometer os cidadãos com
HVVHQRYRSDUDGLJPDGRFRPEDWHjYLROrQFLDHDRQDUFRWUiÀFR6RPRVDEVROXWDPHQWHFRQVFLHQWHVGDGLÀFXOGDGHGHVVHFDPLQKRPDVWDPEpPDEVROXWDPHQWH
FRQVFLHQWHVGHTXHpR~QLFRHPTXHSRGHPRVWUDQVLWDU
53
54
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
9LVLWDQGR'HOHJDFLDV
6
Socióloga. Doutoranda em Sociologia e Antropologia UFRJ
e pesquisadora do Núcleo de Estudos da Cidadania,
ConÁito e Violência UrbanaUFRJ. 7rabalhou no Centro de Estudos
de Segurança e Cidadania (2009-2010), no Centro de Estudos
em Criminalidade e Segurança PúblicaUFMG (2002-2008)
e na Secretaria Nacional de Segurança Pública (2004).
9RXIDODUVREUHR3URJUDPDGH9LVLWDVjV'HOHJDFLDVTXHpMXVWDPHQWH
XPSURJUDPDHPUHGH4XHPRUJDQL]DHVVHSURMHWRpD$OWXVXPD$OLDQoD*ORbal2 GHFHQWURVGHSHVTXLVDVH21*VGDTXDOR&HVHF&HQWURGH(VWXGRVGH
6HJXUDQoDH&LGDGDQLDpXPGRVPHPEURVIXQGDGRUHV$$OWXVPRQWRXXPD
UHGHLQWHUQDFLRQDOSDUDWUDEDOKDUSROtWLFDGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFD8PGRVVHXV
SURMHWRVGHFXQKRYROXQWiULRpD6HPDQDGH9LVLWDVD'HOHJDFLDVGH3ROtFLDGR
TXDOVRXFRRUGHQDGRUDUHJLRQDOQR5LRGH-DQHLUR$6HPDQDGH9LVLWDVDFRQWHFHGHVGHVHPSUHQRÀPGHRXWXEURHVHXREMHWLYRpLGHQWLÀFDUDVERDV
SUiWLFDVQLYHODQGRSRUFLPDRTXHVHHQWHQGHSRUTXDOLGDGHGHDWHQGLPHQWR
DRS~EOLFR
3RULVVRTXHPDYDOLDHVVDVGHOHJDFLDVVmRRVFLGDGmRVGHFDGDFLGDGH
FRQWHPSODGDSHORSURMHWR(OHVYLVLWDPGHOHJDFLDVSUHYLDPHQWHVRUWHDGDV(P
RSURMHWRDEDUFRXSDtVHV1D$PpULFD/DWLQDWLYHPRV%UDVLO$UJHQWLQD
0p[LFR%ROtYLD&KLOH&RO{PELDH3HUX(QWUHRVGLDVHGHRXWXEURIRUDP
YLVLWDGDVGHOHJDFLDVHPWRGRRPXQGR1R%UDVLOIRUDPYLVLWDVHPRELOL]DGRVFLGDGmRV8PWHUoRGHOHVQXQFDKDYLDHQWUDGRHPXPDGHOHJDFLD
DQWHVHIRLXPH[HUFtFLRPXLWRULFRSDUDQyVSRUTXHSHUPLWLXDGHVFRQVWUXomRGR
HVWHUHyWLSRGRSROLFLDO
5LRGH-DQHLUR6mR3DXOR%HOR+RUL]RQWH*RLkQLD%UDVtOLD)RUWDOH]D
5HFLIH%HOpPGR3DUiH3RUWR$OHJUHIRUDPDVFLGDGHVYLVLWDGDVQR%UDVLO$OpP
GHVVDVFLGDGHVRXWUDVGXDVSHGLUDPSDUDVHUHPLQFOXtGDVQRSURMHWR-XUXWLQR
3DUiH3HORWDVQR5LR*UDQGHGR6XOTXHÀ]HUDPDVYLVLWDVVHPDMXGDGHFXVWR
3DUDPDLVLQIRUPDo}HVYHURVLWHZZZDOWXVRUJEU
55
Visitando Delegacias
1R %UDVLO IRL QHFHVViULR FULDU XPD UHGH LQWHUQD FRP FHQWURV GH SHVTXLVDV QHVWDV QRYH FDSLWDLV H LVVR GHX FHUWR &RQVHJXLPRV ÀUPDU SDUFHULDV
FRP SHVTXLVDGRUHV H 21*V GH WRGR R SDtV 3DUD ID]HU D DYDOLDomR GDV GHOHJDFLDVSHORVYLVLWDQWHVIRLPRQWDGRXPNLWGHYLVLWDVXPIRUPXOiULRFRPYLQWH
TXHVW}HVWUDGX]LGDVSDUDRLGLRPDGHFDGDSDtV2NLWGLUHFLRQDDREVHUYDomR
GRVYLVLWDQWHVSDUDHOHPHQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGRVHUYLoRRIHUHFLGRSHODGHOHJDFLD
DMXGDDDYDOLDUHPTXHPHGLGDHODVVmRSURMHWDGDVHRSHUDGDVSDUDDWHQGHUDR
S~EOLFR(VVDDYDOLDomRYDULDGHWRWDOPHQWHLQDGHTXDGRTXHVHULDDQRWD]HUR
DH[FHOHQWHTXHVHULDDQRWDFLQFR6mRDYDOLDGRVFLQFRLWHQVGDGHOHJDFLDFRP
TXDWURSHUJXQWDVHPFDGDLWHP$VWHPiWLFDVDYDOLDGDVVmRRULHQWDomRSHOD
FRPXQLGDGH FRQGLo}HV PDWHULDLV WUDWDPHQWR LJXDOLWiULR GR S~EOLFR
WUDQVSDUrQFLDHSUHVWDomRGHFRQWDVHFRQGLo}HVGHGHWHQomR
A pesquisa revelou que os principais pontos a serem melhorados nas
GHOHJDFLDVGR%UDVLOVHFRQFHQWUDPQRVTXHVLWRVWUDQVSDUrQFLDHSUHVWDomR
GHFRQWDVHFRQGLo}HVGHGHWHQomR-iDVRXWUDVDYDOLDo}HVVmRPDLVSRVLWLYDVRXPDLVDGHTXDGDVjH[SHFWDWLYDGRS~EOLFRTXHYLVLWRX
7RGD GHOHJDFLD GHYHULD GHGLFDUVH LQWHJUDOPHQWH DR FLGDGmR SRUTXH
WRGRVQyVVRPRVSRWHQFLDLVXVXiULRVGRVVHUYLoRVSUHVWDGRVSRUHODV
1mRSRGHPRVHVTXHFHUTXHQRSDVVDGRHWDOYH]DLQGDQRSUHVHQWH
D WRUWXUD HUD XVDGD FRPR PHLR GH REWHU LQIRUPDomR H FRQÀVVmR +RMH R TXH
VHHVSHUDGDSROtFLDSULQFLSDOPHQWHGDSROtFLDMXGLFLiULDpXPPRGXVRSHUDQGL
GLIHUHQFLDGRGHVXDWUDGLomRLQTXLVLWRULDOHVSHUDVHXPWUDEDOKRFRQMXQWRFRP
WRGDDSRSXODomRHVSHUDVHTXHDSROtFLDSDVVHFRQÀDQoDjFRPXQLGDGHID]HQGRFRPTXHDVLQIRUPDo}HVFKHJXHPGHPRGRVHJXURHTXHDVSHVVRDVVH
VLQWDPVHJXUDVDRSURFXUDUHPRVHUYLoRGHXPDGHOHJDFLD
6DEHPRVTXHXPDGHOHJDFLDID]RXWUDVFRLVDVDOpPGHLQYHVWLJDURV
FULPHV(ODRULHQWDDVSHVVRDVDX[LOLDQDVROXomRGHVHXVSUREOHPDVHSRU
LVVRDQWHVGHWXGRID]XPWUDEDOKRGHLQWHJUDomRFRPXQLWiULD1HVVHVHQWLGR
GHVWDFRDVERDVSUiWLFDVLGHQWLÀFDGDVQHVVD6HPDQDGH9LVLWDomRjV'HOHJDFLDVGH3ROtFLD
$ PHOKRU GHOHJDFLD GR %UDVLO VHJXQGR D DYDOLDomR GHVVHV FLGDGmRV
IRLD'HOHJDFLDGR0pLHUGR5LRGH-DQHLUR(VVDGHOHJDFLDSHGLXSDUDVHU
visitada e chamou a atenção pela capacidade que tem de atender as demandas
GDSRSXODomRUHVLGHQWHQDTXHODiUHD
$'3GH&DPSR/LPSR63IRLDVHJXQGDPHOKRU$OLRTXHFKDPRX
56
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
DDWHQomRIRLDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDEULQTXHGRWHFDHGHOLYURVYROWDGRVDRS~EOLFR
LQIDQWRMXYHQLO(ODDEUHGHIDWRDVSRUWDVSDUDTXHDVFULDQoDVGHVVDVRFLHGDGH
SRVVDPXWLOL]DUHVVHVVHUYLoRV
$ '3 GH 3RUWR $OHJUH IRL D WHUFHLUD PHOKRU GR %UDVLO H IRL RQGH VH
REVHUYRXDLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRGDGHOHJDFLDFRPDSROtWLFDGHUHXQL}HVFRPRV
PRUDGRUHVGREDLUURID]HQGRSDOHVWUDVFRPRREMHWLYRGHHVFODUHFHURVHXSDSHO
QDTXHODORFDOLGDGH
(PD$OWXVFRQWHPSORXWDPEpPDV'HOHJDFLDV(VSHFLDOL]DGDV
GH $WHQGLPHQWR j 0XOKHU H HP WRGDV DV FLGDGHV IRL YLVLWDGD SHOR PHQRV
XPDGHVVHWLSR$PHOKRUGR%UDVLOIRLDGH%UDVtOLD
$'3GD*iYHDQR5LRGH-DQHLURSURPRYHXWUrVLQLFLDWLYDVTXHPHUHFHPGHVWDTXH$SULPHLUDGHODVpXPYtGHRLQVWLWXFLRQDOSURGX]LGRSHORVSROLFLDLV$VHJXQGDVmRDVFDUWDVSHUVRQDOL]DGDVGHDJUDGHFLPHQWRDSHVVRDVTXH
comparecem à delegacia tanto para depor como para prestar esclarecimento
VREUHDOJXPFULPHID]HQGRGHQ~QFLDVRXSURFXUDQGRDGHOHJDFLDSDUDUHVROYHU
DOJXPSUREOHPDGHFULPLQDOLGDGH(VVDFDUWDLQIRUPDVREUHRDQGDPHQWRGRLQTXpULWR2WHUFHLURSRQWRpDLQIRUPDomRGDGDDRVGHWLGRVTXHSDVVDPDOJXPDV
KRUDVQDFHODGHFXVWyGLD(VVDFHODpEUDQFDWRWDOPHQWHSLQWDGDHTXHPÀFD
DOL p DOHUWDGR TXH VH À]HU XPD SLFKDomR SRGH VHU HQTXDGUDGR QR FULPH GH
GHSUHGDomRGHSDWULP{QLRS~EOLFR&RPLVVRFRQVHJXHPPDQWHUDFHODOLPSD
8PDDomRHÀFD]TXHJDUDQWHXPPtQLPRGHTXDOLGDGHGXUDQWHRWHPSRTXHD
SHVVRDHVWiDOL
$'3GH&RSDFDEDQD5LRGH-DQHLURPLQLVWUDDXODVGHGHIHVDSHVVRDODRVLGRVRVGDGDVSHODSUySULDGHOHJDGD$LGHLDpTXHHOHVVDLEDPFRPR
VH GHIHQGHU GH XPD SRVVtYHO DJUHVVmR QD UXD H FRP LVVR RV LGRVRV WUD]HP
LQIRUPDo}HVUHOHYDQWHVSDUDRWUDEDOKRGHLQWHOLJrQFLDGDGHOHJDFLD
$VPHOKRUHVGHOHJDFLDVIRUDPSUHPLDGDV$OpPGDSUHPLDomRÀ]HPRV
XPZRUNVKRSFRPWRGRVRVFRRUGHQDGRUHVUHJLRQDLVGD6HPDQDRXVHMDFRP
RVQRYHFRRUGHQDGRUHVGHFDGDFLGDGHHFRPRVGHOHJDGRVGDVGHOHJDFLDV
YLVLWDGDV(IRLPXLWRULFRSRUTXHYLPRVTXHRVSUREOHPDVVmRRVPHVPRVHRV
SRQWRVSRVLWLYRVWDPEpPVHQGRRVGHVDÀRVVHPHOKDQWHV
)LQDOL]DQGRDPLQKDIDODJRVWDULDGHGL]HUTXHOHYRHVVDH[SHULrQFLD
de ouvir pessoas de outros países e do Brasil dentro de uma perspectiva de
FRQVWUXLUPRVUHGHVHÀFD]HVTXHQRVDMXGHPDPHOKRUDUDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV
GHVHJXUDQoD
57
58
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Segurança com Tecnologia
e Cidadania
7
Ex-secretário de Segurança Pública de São Paulo.
6mR3DXORHQIUHQWDJUDYHVSUREOHPDVHGHVDÀRVFRPRRGRFULPHRUJDQL]DGRRGRWUiÀFRGHHQWRUSHFHQWHVHRGRWUiÀFRGHDUPDV1XQFDWLYHPRV
tanta consciência de armas entrando no estado pela ausência total do policiaPHQWRGDVQRVVDVIURQWHLUDV(P6mR3DXORpLPSUHVVLRQDQWHRQ~PHURGHIX]LV
QDVPmRVGRFULPHRUJDQL]DGR3DUDVHWHUXPDLGHLDVmRFRQVWDQWHVDVLQWHUYHQo}HVGHTXDGULOKDVXVDQGRIX]LV0DVDSROtFLDQmRFRQVHJXHDGTXLULUXP
SRUTXHDOHJLVODomRDWXDOQmRSHUPLWHTXHR([pUFLWRDXWRUL]HHVVDFRPSUD
1HFHVVLWDPRVUHÁHWLUVREUHDFRQGXWDDDGRWDUHPUHODomRDRVTXHVmR
ÁDJUDGRV FRP XP IX]LO RX XPD DUPD GH JXHUUD H jTXHOHV ÁDJUDGRV FRP XP
UHYyOYHURXXPDSLVWRODLQGLYLGXDOeH[WUHPDPHQWHJUDYHDIRUPDFRPRHQWUDP
RVIX]LVQDVSHQLWHQFLiULDVSDXOLVWDVTXHVmRDPDLRUUHGHGR3DtVPLOSUHVRVQDVSHQLWHQFLiULDVHFHQWURVGHGHWHQo}HVSURYLVyULDVHRXWURVPLOQRV
GLVWULWRVSROLFLDLV6mR3DXORWHPPDLVGHGDPDVVDFDUFHUiULDGR3DtVHDV
HQFRPHQGDVGHIX]LVSHORVPRQLWRUDPHQWRVTXHID]HPRVGDVIDFo}HVFULPLQRVDVVmRHQWUHJXHVIDFLOPHQWH
)XLVHFUHWiULRGD$GPLQLVWUDomR3HQLWHQFLiULDSRUWUrVDQRVHPHLR1HVVHSHUtRGRFRQVWDWDPRVDIDFLOLGDGHTXHRVFULPLQRVRVWrPGHPHVPRQRVSUHVtGLRVDGTXLULUDUPDVRXDUPDURSHVVRDOTXHHVWiVREVXDVRUGHQVQDFLGDGH
GH6mR3DXOR
$IDFomRFULPLQRVDWDPEpPpXPJUDQGHGHVDÀR7RGRVVDEHPDLPSRUWkQFLDTXHWHYHHPGHWHUPLQDGRSHUtRGRQRVSUHVtGLRVGH6mR3DXOR3RUpP
IRLUHGX]LGDDXPDGH]HQDRXSRXFRPDLVTXHLVVRGHFULPLQRVRVPDUJLQDLV
VHQGRTXHWRGRVIRUDPUHFROKLGRVHPXPD~QLFDSULVmRRQGHDYLJLOkQFLDpVHYHUDRWUDWDPHQWRULJRURVRRDFHVVRjFRPXQLFDomRGLItFLO3RULVVRHPTXDWUR
DQRVQmRWLYHPRVHP6mR3DXORXPDDomRGHDIURQWDDR(VWDGRSRUSDUWHGHVVDIDFomRFULPLQRVD
$PDLVLPSRUWDQWHGHQWUHDVERDVSUiWLFDVGH6mR3DXORHPVHJXUDQoD
59
Segurança com Tecnologia e Cidadania
S~EOLFDpDUHGXomRGDWD[DGHKRPLFtGLR6mR3DXORSRVVXLPDLVGHPLOK}HV
GHKDELWDQWHVHPPXQLFtSLRVGRVTXDLVPLOK}HVVHFRQFHQWUDPQDFDSLWDO3DUDWDQWRDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDFRQWDFRPSROLFLDLVHQWUHPLOLWDUHV
FLYLVHWpFQLFRVFLHQWtÀFRV7HPRVPLOSROLFLDLVPLOLWDUHVPLOSROLFLDLVFLYLVH
WpFQLFRVFLHQWtÀFRV
(QWUHDVSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDTXHWLYHUDPr[LWRDTXHGDQD
WD[DGHKRPLFtGLRVpDTXHPDLVVHGHVWDFDFRPXPDUHGXomRGHQRV~OWLPRVGH]DQRV1HVWHDQRGHFRPSXWDPRVKRPLFtGLRVSRUPLO
KDELWDQWHVQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXORHQDFDSLWDO
+iGH]DQRVRTXDGURHUDSUHRFXSDQWH1DFDSLWDOWtQKDPRV
KRPLFtGLRVDRDQRXPDPpGLDGHSRUPrVHSRUGLD(PWRGRRHVWDGR
WLYHPRVKiGH]DQRVKRPLFtGLRVXPDPpGLDGHSRUPrVH
SRUGLD
(PUD]mRGHVVHTXDGUREDVWDQWHSUHRFXSDQWHHGHVDÀDGRUD6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDGH6mR3DXORUHIRUPXORXVHX'HSDUWDPHQWRGH+RPLFtGLRH3URWHomR
j3HVVRD
7HPRVXPGHSDUWDPHQWRHVSHFLDOL]DGRQDSHUFHSomRSHQDOHPUHODomR
DFULPHVGHDXWRULDGHVFRQKHFLGD(VVHGHSDUWDPHQWRDWXDHPWRGD6mR3DXOR
HHPFDVRVHVSHFtÀFRVRQGHKiQHFHVVLGDGHGHLQWHUYHQomRDHTXLSHWDPEpP
VH GHVORFD SDUD R LQWHULRU GR HVWDGR (VVH GHSDUWDPHQWR p FRPSRVWR GH SROLFLDLVHHVFULYmHVFKHÀDGRVSRUGHOHJDGRVHGHYLDWXUDV
3DUDLVVRIRUDPWUDoDGDVDOJXPDVGLUHWUL]HV$SULPHLUDGHODVIRLHVWDEHOHFHUODoRVGHFRQÀDQoDFRPDFRPXQLGDGH+iXPDQHFHVVLGDGHGHLQWHUDomRGDFRPXQLGDGHFRPRVVHJPHQWRVSROLFLDLVHQYROYLGRV
2 SULPHLUR SDVVR IRL D À[DomR JHRJUiÀFD GRV SROLFLDLV QDV iUHDV GH
DWXDomRHVSHFtÀFDVDFDSLWDOHRHVWDGRIRUDPGLYLGLGRVHPUHJL}HV(PFDGD
XPDGHODVVHÀ[RXXPDHTXLSHSDUDLQYHVWLJDUKRPLFtGLRVGHDXWRULDGHVFRQKHFLGD H FRPR FRQVHTXrQFLD KRXYH XPD LGHQWLÀFDomR GR SROLFLDO FRP R
ORFDORQGHHOHDWXDYD$LQYHVWLJDomRGHKRPLFtGLRUHTXHUHVSHFLDOL]DomRSRU
SDUWHGRSROLFLDO2VSROLFLDLVIRUDPVHOHFLRQDGRV$SHUtFLDHDSUHVHUYDomR
GRORFDOGRFULPHSDVVDUDPDVHUIHLWDVFRPEDVWDQWHFXLGDGRFRPDX[tOLRGD
SROtFLDWpFQLFRFLHQWtÀFD$OLiVXPDX[tOLRLQHVWLPiYHO
6mR3DXORLQYHVWHPXLWRQDSROtFLDWpFQLFRFLHQWtÀFD7HPRVXQLGDGHVGR,QVWLWXWRGH&ULPLQDOtVWLFDH,QVWLWXWR0pGLFR/HJDOQRLQWHULRUHXQLGDGHVQDFDSLWDO6mRWpFQLFRVFLHQWtÀFRVDWXDQGRQHVVDiUHDHTXHHVWmR
60
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
SUHVHQWHVHPWRGRVRVORFDLVGHFULPHSDUDID]HURFRPSOHWROHYDQWDPHQWRTXH
SRVVLELOLWDUiLGHQWLÀFDURVDXWRUHV
$OpPGRHQJDMDPHQWRGRVSROLFLDLVQDFXOWXUDGDLQYHVWLJDomRWDPEpP
IRLQHFHVViULRLPSODQWDUXPLQWHUFkPELRGHLQIRUPDomR(VVHLQWHUFkPELREXVFD
DSXUDUDVDXWRULDVGHKRPLFtGLRVHSDVVRXDVHUIHLWRFRPD3ROtFLD0LOLWDUFRP
DVJXDUGDVPXQLFLSDLVFRPDVVRFLHGDGHVGHEDLUURHFRPRVGLVWULWRVSROLFLDLV
o que nos possibilitou um maior envolvimento e compreensão dessa modalidaGHGHFULPH
+RXYHWDPEpPXPFXLGDGRQRFXPSULPHQWRGRVPDQGDGRVGHSULVmR
SRUXPDGLYLVmRGD3ROtFLD&LYLOGHQRPLQDGDGH9LJLOkQFLDH&DSWXUDSULRUL]DQGRDVSULV}HVGRVFULPHVPDLVUHFHQWHVRTXHSURSRUFLRQDXPDVHQVDomRGH
VHJXUDQoD PDLRU j SRSXODomR (P UD]mR GLVVR FRQVHJXLPRV LPSODQWDU HVVH
VLVWHPDGHFRQÀDQoDGDSRSXODomRHGDFRPXQLGDGHTXHIRUQHFHLQIRUPDomRH
FRODERUDSDUDDSROtFLDH[HUFHUDVXDIXQomR
+RXYHXPDDSUR[LPDomRGDSROtFLDFRPR'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDomRH3URWHomRj3HVVRDFRPRVSURPRWRUHVHFRPDVYDUDVGHM~ULV
&RPRSURPRWRUGH-XVWLoDVHLRTXDQWRGHL[DYDPDGHVHMDURVLQTXpULWRVSROLFLDLVQHVVDiUHD6mRLQ~PHURVRVLQTXpULWRVTXHRVSURPRWRUHVGHYROYHPjSROtFLD$SROtFLDFXPSULQGRDFRWDGHIRUPDDXWRPiWLFDHPHFkQLFDGHYROYHQGRRLQTXpULWRTXHVyWRPDULDDIRUPDGHGHQ~QFLDGHSRLVGHXPRXGRLV
DQRV³TXDQWRPDLVRWHPSRSDVVDPDLVDYHUGDGHVHHVYDL(PUD]mRGLVVR
IRLSUHFLVRPDLVUDFLRQDOLGDGHQDHODERUDomRGRVLQTXpULWRVFULPLQDLV
+RXYH XP ÁX[R PDLRU GH LQIRUPDomR H WDPEpP XP SODQR GLUHWRU GH
LQIRUPiWLFDHQWUHDVYiULDVIHUUDPHQWDVXWLOL]DGDVDÀPGHTXHHVVHVLQTXpULWRV
IRVVHPLQVWUXtGRVDGHTXDGDPHQWHHTXHQmRYROWDVVHPjQRYDGLOLJrQFLD
Elaborando o inquérito com todos os detalhes e esboçando todas as negligências propiciamos ao Poder Judiciário uma maior seriedade na apuração e na
SHQDOL]DomRGHVVHVDXWRUHV(PUD]mRGLVVRKRXYHXPDLQIRUPDWL]DomRQRVOLYURV
GH RFRUUrQFLD FRPR WDPEpP IRL FULDGR XP iOEXP HOHWU{QLFR SDUD DFDEDU FRP
DTXHODFDQVDWLYDYHULÀFDomRHPiOEXQVGHIRWRJUDÀDVeIHLWRXPSHUÀOGRFULPLQRVRVHHOHDWXDPDLVQRWUiÀFRVHHOHDWXDPDLVQRVHTXHVWURRQGHSUHGRPLQDP
DVIDFo}HVFULPLQRVDV7XGRLVVRWURX[HXPDUDFLRQDOL]DomRDRVHUYLoR
2Q~PHURGHLQTXpULWRVFDLXJUDGXDOPHQWHHFRPLVVRDXPHQWRXDTXDOLGDGH 7DPEpP À]HPRV XP OHYDQWDPHQWR QD SROtFLD D ÀP GH HQFRQWUDUPRV
DTXHOHV SROLFLDLV TXH WLQKDP WDOHQWRV HVSHFLDLV &RQVWDWDPRV TXH KDYLD ELy-
61
ORJRVGHQWLVWDVH[SHUWVHPLQIRUPiWLFDHWRGRHVVHFRQWLQJHQWHIRLORWDGRQR
'HSDUWDPHQWR-XUtGLFRGH3URWHomRj3HVVRD
([LVWHXPDUHODomRPXLWRJUDQGHHPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHHQWUHYtWLPDHDXWRU&RQVWDWDPRVTXHHVWmRGLVWDQWHVXPGRRXWURGHDPHWURV
³HVWmRGLVWDQWHVYtWLPDHDXWRUHPNP&RPLVVRFRQVHJXLPRVXPD
UHGXomRVHQVtYHO7HPRVFRPRH[HPSORDUHJLmRPDLVYLROHQWDGH6mR3DXORR
-DUGLPÇQJHODTXHWHYHKRPLFtGLRVHPRXVHMDXPKRPLFtGLRDFDGD
GLDHPHLR(PHVVHQ~PHURFDLXSDUDKRPLFtGLRV+RXYHXPDUHGXomR
GH
Constatamos que inúmeras chacinas eram praticadas pela mesma
DUPDPDVQmRSHODPHVPDSHVVRDTXHDXVDYD,VVRQRVSRVVLELOLWRXHIHWXDU
SULVmRHPXPDGXDVRXWUrVFKDFLQDV1RDQRGHWLYHPRVFKDFLQDVHP
63HPWLYHPRVHQHVWHWULPHVWUHGHWLYHPRVVRPHQWHGXDV$
UHGXomRIRLVHQVtYHOJUDoDVDHVVHFRPEDWHDHVVHWLSRGHFULPH7DPEpPKRXYHXPDDMXGDGDSRSXODomRQDGHQ~QFLDGHFULPLQRVRV8PDIHUUDPHQWDPXLWR
LPSRUWDQWHIRLR'LVTXH'HQ~QFLDFRPJDUDQWLDGHDQRQLPDWRDRGHQXQFLDQWH
HDDGHVmRGDSRSXODomR2UHVXOWDGRIRLPXLWRERP
&ULDPRV WDPEpP RV &RQVHOKRV GH 6HJXUDQoD (P 6mR 3DXOR WHPRV
mais de 800 Conselhos de Segurança nos quais há participação da comunidaGH GLVFXWLQGR D VHJXUDQoD RV DVSHFWRV TXH PDLV DÁLJHP DTXHOD FRPXQLGDGHWURFDQGRLQIRUPDo}HVHVXJHVW}HVFRPDSROtFLDEXVFDQGRDPHOKRULDGD
VHJXUDQoD$OpPGLVVRKRXYHXPDLQWHQVLÀFDomRGRSROLFLDPHQWRSUHYHQWLYRH
HVSHFLDOL]DGRHXPDLQWHUDomRGD3ROtFLD&LYLOFRPD3ROtFLD0LOLWDUTXHWURX[H
XPLQWHUFkPELRPXLWRERP
'HVLJQRXVHXPSROLFLDOHQFDUUHJDGRGHLQYHVWLJDURSHUÀOGHXPKRPLFtGLRSDVVDQGRWRGRVRVGDGRVGRVXSRVWRDXWRUGRKRPLFtGLRDÀPGHTXHD
3ROtFLD0LOLWDUÀ]HVVHWDPEpPXPSDWUXOKDPHQWRFRPRVROKRVYROWDGRVSDUDHVVH
LQGLYtGXRFRPRRSRVVtYHODXWRU+RXYHDQHFHVVLGDGHGHLOXPLQDomRQRVSRQWRV
FUtWLFRV GH UHJXODUL]DomR GRV ORWHDPHQWRV TXH HVWDYDP VHQGR FRQVWUXtGRV HP
iUHDVGHULVFRGHFRQVWUXomRGHXPDiUHDGHOD]HUHGHÀVFDOL]DomRQRVEDUHV
³QDSHULIHULDHOHVVmRIHFKDGRVjVKRUDV7DPEpPKRXYHDYDORUL]DomRGRV
SROLFLDLVTXHWUDEDOKDPQDiUHDGHKRPLFtGLR2SROLFLDOTXHPRUDQD]RQDQRUWH
DWXDQD]RQDQRUWHHQmRSUHFLVDDWUDYHVVDUDFLGDGHSDUDXPDiUHDORQJHGHRQGH
HOHUHVLGH,VVRWHYHXPUHVXOWDGRPXLWRERPQDSURGXWLYLGDGH
1DFDSLWDOHPPDLVGHPLOK}HVGHKDELWDQWHVKRXYHHPWHUPRVGH
62
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
SHUFHSomR SHQDO XPD UHGXomR GH LQTXpULWRV SROLFLDLV LQVWDXUDGRV (P WLYHPRVLQTXpULWRVLQVWDXUDGRVHPLQVWDXUDPRVDSHQDVSHODUHGXomRGDFULPLQDOLGDGHQHVVDiUHDHPWtQKDPRVLQTXpULWRVHPDQGDPHQWRHPWLYHPRVLQTXpULWRV2XVHMDDTXHOHDSHUWRFRP
LQTXpULWRVSROLFLDLVPDOHODERUDGRVTXHWUDPLWDYDPDQRVHDQRVHQWUHGHOHJDFLDVHIyUXPIRLUHGX]LGRDHLVVRFRPRPHVPRQ~PHURGHGHOHJDGRVH
HVFULYmHV+RMHSRGHPRVGL]HUTXHRTXDGURpEHPDQLPDGRU
+RXYH XPD UHGXomR GH GRV KRPLFtGLRV QD FDSLWDO &DtUDP GH
SDUD SRU DQR 3RU PrV GH SDVVDPRV SDUD H GH KRPLFtGLRVGLiULRVSDVVDPRVSDUD³XPDYDULDomRGHQDUHGXomRGH
KRPLFtGLRVQHVVHVDQRV(DSHVDUGRDXPHQWRGDSRSXODomRQHVVHSHUtRGR
HVWLPDPRVTXHVHFRQVHJXLXHYLWDUDPRUWHGHPLOSHVVRDV
,VVR PRVWUD RV DVSHFWRV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV TXH LQGLFDP VHU SRVVtYHO
UHGX]LUDWD[DGHKRPLFtGLRLQYHVWLQGRQmRVRPHQWHHPHTXLSDPHQWRPDVWDPEpPQDYDORUL]DomRGRSROLFLDO
$OpPGLVVRWHPRVRXWURVSURJUDPDVGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHVXFHVVR
TXHRJRYHUQDGRU6HUUDGHQRPLQRXGH9LUDGD6RFLDO$9LUDGDpDLQWHUYHQomRGD
SROtFLDHPRXWURVVHJPHQWRVGDVRFLHGDGHHPRXWURVyUJmRVPXQLFLSDLVHVWDGXDLVHQDTXHODVFRPXQLGDGHVPDLVFDUHQWHVRQGHRFULPHFRPHoDDTXHUHU
SUHGRPLQDUHWRPDUROXJDUGRSRGHUS~EOLFR1HVVHVEDLUURVHPORFDLVPDLV
YLROHQWRVpIHLWRXPPDSHDPHQWRGHWRGDVDViUHDVXPSODQHMDPHQWRHXPHVWXGR1HVVHPRPHQWRD3ROtFLD0LOLWDUHQWUDHPFHQDHLQJUHVVDFRPDFKDPDGD
2SHUDomR6DWXUDomRHSULV}HVVmRHIHWXDGDV
'HSRLV GLVVR FDGD yUJmR GR HVWDGR HQWUD SDUD ID]HU D SDUWH TXH OKH
FDEHQDTXHODFRPXQLGDGHFDUHQWH$SROtFLDHQWUDHQmRVDLPDLVPXLWDVYH]HV
PRQWDQGRDOLXPDEDVHXPSRVWRSROLFLDORXXPSRVWRGHGHOHJDFLDQmRVDLQGR
PDLVGDTXHODFRPXQLGDGH1HVVD2SHUDomR6DWXUDomRSRUGRLVRXWUrVPHVHV
RXDWpTXHDVLWXDomRVHMDFRQWRUQDGDDTXHODFLGDGHQmRÀFDUijPHUFrGRV
FULPLQRVRV(VVD9LUDGD6RFLDOYHPGDQGRUHVXOWDGRSRVLWLYRHGHYHFRQWLQXDU
FRPDVRXWUDVDGPLQLVWUDo}HV
2XWUDSROtWLFDS~EOLFDGHVXFHVVRHP6mR3DXORIRLRSROLFLDPHQWRFRPXQLWiULR-iPXLWRVHIDORXQDIDOWDGHVLQWRQLDHQWUHDSRSXODomRHDSROtFLD
QRPRGRFRPRDSRSXODomRYrRFULPLQRVRHDIRUPDFRPRYrRSROLFLDO7HPRV
EXVFDGRQRV~OWLPRVDQRVRSROLFLDPHQWRFRPXQLWiULR$SROtFLDFRPXQLWiULD
pXPPRGRGHSROtFLDYROWDGDSDUDDFLGDGDQLDFRPLQWHJUDomRHLQWHUDWLYLGDGH
63
FRPDFRPXQLGDGH2%UDVLODGRWRXXPPRGHORTXHH[LVWHQR-DSmRPRGHOR
GHQRPLQDGRŃXEDQµHPTXHRDJHQWHRSROLFLDOWUDEDOKDFRPDFRPXQLGDGH
SDUDSUHYHQLUVLWXDo}HVGHULVFR$30DWpKRMHPDQWpPXPFRQYrQLRFRPR
(VWDGRGR-DSmRTXHUHFRQKHFHXD3ROtFLD0LOLWDUSDXOLVWDFRPRDSOLFDGRUDSULQFLSDOGHVVDÀORVRÀDQD$PpULFD/DWLQD
2SROLFLDPHQWRFRPXQLWiULRpWmRLPSRUWDQWHTXHIRLSUHPLDGRHVWHDQR
SHODDJrQFLDGHDSULPRUDPHQWRGH/RQGUHVFRPRXPDGDVFLQFRPHOKRUHVSROtFLDV GR PXQGR ( IRL SDUD Oi SDUD UHFHEHU R SUrPLR R VDUJHQWR LGHDOL]DGRU
FRPRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRSRUHVVHSURMHWRTXHLQFHQWLYDGHPDQHLUDPXLWRIRUWHD
FLGDGDQLDROD]HUHDFXOWXUD1yVWHPRVQHVVHSROLFLDPHQWRFRPXQLWiULR
EDVHVFRPXQLWiULDVÀ[DV6mRSROLFLDLVTXHÀFDPQHVVDVEDVHVQmRVDHPQHP
VmRUHPDQHMDGRV)LFDPQDTXHODUHJLmRDGTXLULQGRFRQÀDQoDGDSRSXODomRH
WrPXPDJUDQGHLGHQWLGDGHFRPDTXHODFLGDGHHFRPDTXHOHORFDOVHQGRTXH
WRGDVHVVDVEDVHVIXQFLRQDPKRUDVSRUGLD
7HPRV HP 6mR 3DXOR XP SURJUDPD HGXFDWLYR GH UHVLVWrQFLD j GURJD
R 3URHUG (VVH SURJUDPD Mi RULHQWRX PDLV GH TXDWUR PLOK}HV GH FULDQoDV HP
HVFRODVS~EOLFDVHSULYDGDVQRV~OWLPRVRLWRDQRV&RQVLVWHHPSDOHVWUDVIHLWDV
FRPSROLFLDLVIDUGDGRVQXPDHVWUDWpJLDGHHYLWDUTXHDVFULDQoDVH[SHULPHQWHP
DGURJD2IRFRVmRDOXQRVGDVpULHGR(QVLQR)XQGDPHQWDO(VVHSURJUDPD
FRPHoRXFRPDSDUFHULDFRPR'HSDUWDPHQWR3ROLFLDOGH/RV$QJHOHV&RQVHguimos desenvolver um trabalho muito bom na área escolar e temos aqui — o
TXHQmRpPDLVQRYLGDGHSDUDQLQJXpP³D'HOHJDFLD(OHWU{QLFDTXHQRVSRVVLELOLWD DX[LOLDU D FRPXQLGDGH FRP PDLV FHOHULGDGH QR UHJLVWUR GH RFRUUrQFLDV
FULPLQDLVHRXWUDVYLDLQWHUQHW
3RGHPRVGL]HUVHPPHGRGHHUUDUGRVDWHQGLPHQWRVHP63QmR
WrPQHQKXPLQWHUHVVHSROLFLDOFULPLQDO6mRSHVVRDVTXHSURFXUDPDGHOHJDFLD
SDUD SHGLU RULHQWDomR SRU SUREOHPDV IDPLOLDUHV SRU SUREOHPDV HGXFDFLRQDLV
SRUHYDVmRHVFRODUSRUSHUGDGHGRFXPHQWRSRUYiULRVPRWLYRVTXHQmRWrP
QHQKXP LQWHUHVVH FULPLQDO 1yV HVWDPRV LQFHQWLYDQGR TXH HVVDV RFRUUrQFLDV
VHMDP IHLWDV SHODV GHOHJDFLDV HOHWU{QLFDV R TXH HYLWD R DF~PXOR GH SHVVRDV
QD GHOHJDFLD +i RFRUUrQFLDV GLiULDV SRU PHLR GD 'HOHJDFLD (OHWU{QLFD
(PRIXUWRGHYHtFXORVHPWRGRRHVWDGRIRLGHGRVTXDLV
IRUDPFRPXQLFDGRVDWUDYpVGREROHWLPHOHWU{QLFR2UHJLVWURGREROHWLPGHRFRUUrQFLDpIHLWRGHIRUPDGLJLWDORTXHSHUPLWHVXDSDGURQL]DomRVHQGRDUPD]HQDGRQXPEDQFRGHGDGRV
64
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
2XWUD IHUUDPHQWD LQGLVSHQViYHO p R YLGHRPRQLWRUDPHQWR 7HPRV QD
FDSLWDOFkPHUDVÀ[DVJLUDWyULDVHWDPEpPWRGRRPRQLWRUDPHQWRGDV
JXDUGDVPXQLFLSDLVGDHQJHQKDULDGHWUkQVLWRGRPHWU{HGHDOJXPDVDVVRFLDo}HVGHEDLUURV7XGRLVVRpFRQFHQWUDGRQD3ROtFLD0LOLWDUSDUDTXHKDMDXP
PRQLWRUDPHQWRPDLVHÀFD]QDFLGDGHGH6mR3DXOR7HPRVWDPEpPR)RWRJULQ
IHUUDPHQWD HVVHQFLDO XPD EDVH GH GDGRV GD 30 FRP DV IRWRV GH WRGRV RV
FULPLQRVRVLQFOXVLYHDVGRVSUHVRVQRVLVWHPDSHQLWHQFLiULR*XDUGDPRVPDLV
GHPLODUTXLYRVGHIRWRVGRVSUHVRVHGDTXHOHVTXHMiSDVVDUDPHWLYHUDP
DOJXPLQGtFLRRXDOJXPLQTXpULWRSROLFLDO,VVRWHPDMXGDGREDVWDQWHQDLGHQWLÀFDomRGRVFULPLQRVRV
+iDLQGDRVLVWHPD)rQL[GHUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHFULPLQRVRVSRULPSUHVVmRGLJLWDOHQWUHRXWUDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVItVLFDVFRPRWDWXDJHQVHYR]HV$SROtFLD
FLHQWtÀFDGH6mR3DXORHODERUDDQXDOPHQWHPLOK}HVGHODXGRVHHVVHQ~PHUR
FUHVFHDFDGDDQR1RDFLGHQWHDpUHRGD7$0IRUDPRVSHULWRVGH6mR3DXOR
TXHÀ]HUDPDVLGHQWLÀFDo}HVGDVYtWLPDV)RLSRVVtYHOLGHQWLÀFDUWRGDVDVYtWLPDV
GRDFLGHQWHGD7$0DWpRVFRUSRVFDUERQL]DGRV
(VVHVVmRDOJXQVGDGRVTXHSRVVRRIHUHFHUVREUHDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFD
GH6mR3DXORTXHFRQWLQXDGLDQWHGHPXLWRVGHVDÀRV7HPRVTXHFDPLQKDUPXLWRQRVHVIRUoDUPXLWRSDUDFRQVHJXLUPRVGLPLQXLUDVHQVDomRGHLQVHJXUDQoD
GDQRVVDSRSXODomR
65
66
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
A Gestão da Segurança Pública:
/Lo}HVH7DUHIDVSDUDR6XFHVVR
Patrício Tudela
8
Patrício Tudela
Fundação Paz Ciudadania - Chile.
,2SUREOHPD
A segurança pública e a insegurança do cidadão se associam com o
DXPHQWRGDFULPLQDOLGDGHHFRPRVHQWLPHQWRGHYXOQHUDELOLGDGHGLDQWHGHODPDV
WDPEpPFRPRDFHVVRjMXVWLoDHDLQHÀFiFLDGRVLVWHPDGHDGPLQLVWUDomRGH
MXVWLoDSHQDOHQWUHRXWURV$VHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDpXPDFRQGLomRIXQGDPHQWDOSDUD
RGHVHQYROYLPHQWRKXPDQR6XSHUDQGRXPDYLVmRUHGXFLRQLVWDTXHDVXERUGLQDXQLFDPHQWHjUHVSRVWDSROLFLDOHOHJDOSRUSDUWHGR(VWDGRHVHXVyUJmRVp
uma construção social e cultural que depende tanto da política criminal como das
GLVWLQWDVLQVWLWXLo}HVUHVSRQViYHLVSHORFRQWUROHGRFULPHHGRVGLIHUHQWHVDWRUHV
VRFLDLVHQYROYLGRVQDVGLYHUVDVPRGDOLGDGHVGRFLFORGDSUHYHQomR
A insegurança dos cidadãos é uma característica da América Latina e
XPGRVSULQFLSDLVGHVDÀRVGHJHVWmRSDUDRVJRYHUQRVGHPRFUiWLFRVWDQWRSHOD
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH TXH OKHV FRPSHWH FRPR SHOR IDWR GH TXH RV UHVXOWDGRV GD
JHVWmR³VHHVFDVVRVRXLQVXÀFLHQWHV³SRGHPDIHWDUDSHUFHSomRGDTXDOLGDGHHGDHÀFiFLDGDGHPRFUDFLD,VVRFRLQFLGHFRPRVDYDQoRVHPPDWpULDGH
VHJXUDQoDHGHPRFUDFLD
'HIDWRDRDEULJRGHXPDYLVmRUHQRYDGDGHVHJXUDQoDQDPDLRULDGRV
SDtVHVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVRFRUUHMiKiPXLWRVDQRVXPDPRGLÀFDomRQRSDUDGLJPDGDVHJXUDQoDWUDQVLWDQGRHPGLUHomRDXPHQIRTXHPDLVLQWHJUDOTXH
SURJUHVVLYDPHQWHDERUGDDLQVHJXUDQoDHRULVFRFRPRIUXWRGHXPFRQMXQWRGH
IDWRUHVTXHDIHWDPHWRUQDPYXOQHUiYHLVRVGLUHLWRVGDVSHVVRDVHGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRKXPDQR6REWDOSHUVSHFWLYDRGHVDÀRFRQVLVWHHPFRQVWUXLUFHUWH]DV
REMHWLYDVHVXEMHWLYDVHJDUDQWLUDWRGRVTXHVHXVGLUHLWRVVHUmRUHVSHLWDGRVH
TXHQmRVHUmRGHELOLWDGRVSHODDomRHHIHLWRVGDGHOLQTXrQFLDHGDYLROrQFLD
LQFOXVLYHSHORVSUySULRVyUJmRVGR(VWDGRUHVSRQViYHLVSHODVHJXUDQoDHMXVWLoDHPQRVVDVRFLHGDGH
67
A Gestão da Segurança Pública: Lições e Tarefas para o Sucesso
3DUDDOFDQoDUUHVXOWDGRVpSUHFLVRROKDUQmRVySDUDRSUREOHPDPDV
WDPEpPSDUDDPDQHLUDGHDERUGDUDVVROXo}HV8PDPiJHVWmRGRVyUJmRVS~EOLFRVWRUQDSRVVtYHOTXHRVIDWRUHVGHULVFRVLJDPSRUH[HPSORDWXDQGRVREUH
JUXSRVYXOQHUiYHLVSRWHQFLDLVLQIUDWRUHVHGHOLQTXHQWHVSUROtÀFRVHQWUHRXWURV
1D$PpULFD/DWLQDRFULPHHDYLROrQFLDWrPGRPLQDGRRGHEDWHS~EOLFRWRUQDQGRVHXPGRVSULQFLSDLVSUREOHPDVDVHUHPUHVROYLGRVQRVSDtVHVHP
YLDVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR5HVVDOYDGDVDVGLIHUHQoDVGHFDGDSDtVRFHQiULRVH
FDUDFWHUL]DSRULLQFUHPHQWRGRVtQGLFHVGHFULPLQDOLGDGHHYLWLPL]DomRLLPDLRU
SRUFHQWDJHPGHGHOLWRVYLROHQWRVLLLPDLRUHQYROYLPHQWRGHPHQRUHVHMRYHQV
WDQWRQDTXDOLGDGHGHYtWLPDVFRPRQDGHDJUHVVRUHVLYLQFUHPHQWRQDLQWHQVLGDGHGHIDWRUHVLQGLYLGXDLVHVRFLDLVFRDGMXYDQWHVGRGHOLWRHGDYLROrQFLDFRPR
RDOWRFRQVXPRGHiOFRROHGURJDVRXDYLROrQFLDGRPpVWLFDSDUDFLWDUDOJXQVY
DXPHQWRQDVHQVDomRGHLQVHJXUDQoDYLSHUFHSomRGHXPDUHVSRVWDLQHÀFLHQWHGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHQFDUUHJDGDVGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDSROtFLDHMXVWLoDSHQDO
HQWUHRXWUDVIDFHWDV
(QWUHWDQWRXPDROKDGDQDUHDOLGDGHGDVLQWHUYHQo}HVQRVWHUULWyULRV
HPQtYHOORFDORQGHR(VWDGRFRVWXPDPRVWUDUGHELOLGDGHHFDUrQFLDSHUPLWLULDFRQVWDWDUTXHXPDGDVSULQFLSDLVGLÀFXOGDGHVGDJHVWmRGDVHJXUDQoDp
SUHFLVDPHQWHDJHVWmR(PRXWUDVSDODYUDVQmRVHWUDWDGHXPSUREOHPDGH
PRGHORVGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVSDUDDVHJXUDQoDHVLPGHFRPRVHWUDEDOKD
DSUySULDVHJXUDQoD8PDVHJXQGDFRQFOXVmRVHULDTXHGLDDGLDpFDGDYH]
mais urgente corrigir o rumo das intervenções dirigidas à prevenção da crimiQDOLGDGHHGDYLROrQFLDHVSHFLDOPHQWHQRTXHWRFDjVXDQDWXUH]DHjTXDOLGDGHGDVLQVWLWXLo}HV
$H[SHULrQFLDQR&KLOHQRVPRVWUDTXHQmRVHWUDWDWmRVRPHQWHGHPDLV
UHFXUVRVHFRQ{PLFRVKXPDQRVWHFQROyJLFRRXGHRXWURVPHLRVHVLPGRVHX
HPSUHJRHPIXQomRGHPHWDVHUHVXOWDGRV1RVVDIUDTXH]DHVWiQDLQVXÀFLHQWH
SURÀVVLRQDOL]DomRGDJHVWmRQRVHWRUGDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR
GHLQWHUYHQo}HVTXHQmRVHEDVHLDPQDHYLGrQFLDQDSRXFDDWHQomRGHGLFDGDD
ERDVSUiWLFDVQRHVFDVVRFRQKHFLPHQWRFLHQWtÀFRHQDSRXFDFDSDFLGDGHSDUD
DSUHQGHUDSDUWLUGRVHUURVHDFHUWRV
(PFHUWRVFDVRVRULWPRHFLFORGDSROtWLFDJRYHUQDPHQWDOFRQVWLWXHPD
SULQFLSDODPHDoDjH[HFXomRUD]RiYHOHFRPHÀFLrQFLDGHFXVWRVGDVHVWUDWpJLDVGHUHGXomRGRFULPHHGDYLROrQFLD
68
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Patrício Tudela
,,$QDWXUH]DGRVSUREOHPDV
+RMHHPGLDpPDLVUHOHYDQWHDVVHJXUDUUHVXOWDGRVGRTXHDQXQFLDULQWHUYHQo}HVDSRLDGDVQRPRGHUQRGLVFXUVRGDSUHYHQomR(VVHGLVFXUVRQmRp
PDLVVXÀFLHQWH'LYHUVDVH[SHULrQFLDVLQGLFDPTXHDSUHYHQomRpFRPRDSUiWLFD
GDPHGLFLQD3RUWUiVGHFDGDLQWHUYHQomRFLU~UJLFDKiXPFRQKHFLPHQWRFLHQWtÀFRTXHSHUPLWHHQWHQGHUSRUTXHHFRPRHYROXLXPDHQIHUPLGDGHKiFDSDFLGDGHSURÀVVLRQDOHKDELOLGDGHVWUHLQDGDVKiXPDGHRQWRORJLDHXPDpWLFDKi
saberes práticos e uma visão sobre os procedimentos adequados — validados
DSDUWLUGDH[SHULrQFLD³SDUDUHVWDEHOHFHUDVD~GHGRSDFLHQWH'HVWDIRUPD
XP REVWiFXOR IXQGDPHQWDO FRQVLVWH HP VXSHUDU R HQFODXVXUDPHQWR R LVRODPHQWRTXHID]FRPTXHVHHQWHQGDRSUREOHPDFRPRIUXWRGHXPDUHDOLGDGH
SROtWLFRFRPXQLFDFLRQDO2VJRYHUQRVFRVWXPDPVHHTXLYRFDUTXDQGRDFUHGLWDPTXHDOWHUDQGRDVSULRULGDGHVH[WLQJXLUmRRVSUREOHPDV2IDWRGHTXHRV
tQGLFHVRÀFLDLVGHFULPLQDOLGDGH³WD[DVGHGHQ~QFLDVHYtWLPDV³QmRVHMDP
FRQJUXHQWHVFRPDLQVHJXUDQoDGRFLGDGmRFRPRRFRUUHQR&KLOHQmRGHYH
VHUYLUGHGHVFXOSDSDUDTXHQmRKDMDSROtWLFDVPDLVHÀFLHQWHVHHÀFD]HV
A gestão da insegurança pública se relaciona estreitamente com o deVHQKRHFRPDH[HFXomRRSRUWXQDGHXPDSROtWLFDHÀFD]HFRPDVXSHUDomRGRV
problemas derivados de uma administração estatal/governamental chamada a
UHFRORFDURFLGDGmRFRPRVHXREMHWLYRHDID]HUDSURYLVmRGHPHOKRUHVVHUYLoRV
FRPRVXDWDUHIDPDLVXUJHQWHSRUPHLRGHXPDLQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHFRPSHWHQWH
SDUDDWXDUHLQWHUYLUQDVGLVWLQWDVGLPHQV}HVGRSUREOHPD
$LQVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDQmRpXPSUREOHPDPHUDPHQWHSROLFLDO$GHOLQTXrQFLDDYLROrQFLDHDLQVHJXUDQoDVmRUHDOLGDGHVTXHWrPDRPHQRVXPD
IDFHWD VRFLRHFRQ{PLFD XP FRPSRQHQWH VLVWrPLFRHVWUXWXUDO H XPD DSUR[LPDomRSROtWLFRJRYHUQDPHQWDO$ULJRURVLQWHQWRVSDUDVXDUHGXomRRXFRQWHQomR H[LJHP SROtWLFDV FRQVLVWHQWHV H GXUDGRXUDV XP FRQVHQVR VREUH D
PDQHLUDGHHQIUHQWDUDVFDXVDVHVXDVPDQLIHVWDo}HVXPDDOWDFDSDFLGDGH
WpFQLFDHDYRQWDGHSROtWLFDHQWUHRXWURVDVSHFWRVWDPEpPLPSRUWDQWHV
'R SRQWR GH YLVWD WpFQLFR RV GLDJQyVWLFRV H DV DYDOLDo}HV GDV LQWHUYHQo}HV HP GLVWLQWRV SDtVHV UHYHODP VHU PDLV SURYiYHO R r[LWR DGRWDQGR XP
HQIRTXHPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUVHIRUHPGHVHQYROYLGDVDo}HVHPGLYHUVRVSODQRVLQWHJUDOLGDGHQDHVFDODDFRQVHOKiYHOQtYHOORFDOHQYROYHQGRGLYHUVRVDWRUHVH
VHJPHQWRVGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOSROtWLFDS~EOLFDHSDUWLFLSDomRVRFLDO
69
$VSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDQmRVHUmRH[LWRVDVVHQmRFRQYLYHUHPGH
IRUPDFRRUGHQDGDFRPDSROtWLFDVRFLDOFRPDSROtWLFDFULPLQDOHFRPDQHFHVViULDUHIRUPDGR(VWDGRRXPRGHUQL]DomRGRDSDUDWRS~EOLFR0DVGHÀQLWLYDPHQWHWDPEpPQmRWHUmRr[LWRVHQmRIRUHPFDSD]HVGHSURPRYHUR´HPSRGHUDPHQWRµHDDSURSULDomR GRV JRYHUQRV ORFDLV2DSDUDWRS~EOLFRGHYH
HQFRQWUDUDVSHVVRDVSDUDTXHSRVVDPVHUJHVWRUDVGDVXDSUySULDTXDOLGDGH
GHYLGD
$FRSURGXomRGDVHJXUDQoDXPDGLUHWUL]YDORUL]DGDDSDUWLUGDH[SHULrQFLDGHSDtVHVGHVHQYROYLGRVHGLYHUVRVRUJDQLVPRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVDLQGD
HVWi SRU VHU DOFDQoDGD 'HYHP VHU YHQFLGRV RV REVWiFXORV MXUtGLFRV H DV
UHVLVWrQFLDVRUJDQL]DFLRQDLVGHULYDGRVGHFXOWXUDVSROtWLFDVHGHXPDLQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHTXHQmRHVWijDOWXUDGDVQHFHVVLGDGHVHXUJrQFLDV1R&KLOH
WHQWRXVH DSOLFDU XPD SROtWLFD H XPD HVWUDWpJLD GH VHJXUDQoD S~EOLFD FXMD
SULQFLSDOIUDTXH]DIRLDIDOWDGHFRQGLo}HVDSURSULDGDVSDUDGHVPDQFKDURV
QyVHSURFHVVRVFUtWLFRVSUySULRVGDJHVWmRGHVHJXUDQoDLQIRUPDomRFRRUGHQDomRPRQLWRUDPHQWRGHLQWHUYHQo}HVDYDOLDomRHDSUHQGL]DJHPRUJDQL]DFLRQDO$VVLPVHGHVWDFDR)RURSDUD0RGHUQL]DomRGD6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFD
QR&KLOHIRUPDGRSRUHVSHFLDOLVWDVHPVHJXUDQoDHUHIRUPDGR(VWDGR
LPSXOVLRQDGRVSHOD)XQGDomR3D]&LXGDGDQLDTXHDSUHVHQWRXVXDVFRQFOXV}HVHPVHWHPEURGH
,,,5HIRUPDH0RGHUQL]DomRGR(VWDGR)DWRU&KDYH
4XDLVVmRRVHOHPHQWRVFKDYH"$RPHQRVGRLVSRUXPODGRRFRUUHWR
HRSRUWXQRGLPHQVLRQDPHQWRGDQDWXUH]DGRVSUREOHPDVGHLQVHJXUDQoDSRU
RXWURDVFRQGLo}HVFRPDVTXDLVVHEXVFDUHGX]LURXFRQWHUWDQWRDVFDXVDV
FRPRDVPDQLIHVWDo}HVHVHXVHIHLWRV5HÀURPHHVSHFLÀFDPHQWHjVSROtWLFDVH
Do}HVTXHRDSDUDWRS~EOLFRHRVyUJmRVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVGHYHULDPHPSUHHQGHU
FRPRDVFDSDFLGDGHVQHFHVViULDVSDUDID]rOR
$VHJXUDQoDHDVXDPDWHULDOL]DomRVHDVVRFLDPDXPPDUFRHFRQWH[WR
VRFLRSROtWLFRPDLVH[LJHQWHTXHDQWHV$UHIRUPDGR(VWDGRHDPRGHUQL]DomR
GDVLQVWLWXLo}HVGRVLVWHPDGHVHJXUDQoDHMXVWLoDVmRSULRULGDGHVTXHREHGHFHPDXPDQHFHVViULDDGHTXDomRGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVS~EOLFDVDQRYDVH[LJrQFLDV
XPDJHVWmRS~EOLFDHÀFLHQWHHÀFD]GHTXDOLGDGHHWUDQVSDUHQWH
4XDLV ULVFRV DPHDoDP HVVD DVSLUDomR" FRQYLFomR PDLV RX PHQRV
70
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Patrício Tudela
JHQHUDOL]DGDVREUHDVOLPLWDo}HVGDDWXDomRSROLFLDOHVREUHDVRXWUDVLQVWLWXLções no desenho e na implementação de políticas de prevenção e controle do
FULPH H GD YLROrQFLD VH DJUHJDP HP DOJXPDV RFDVL}HV D LPSURYLVDomR SRU
PHLRGHSURSRVWDVSDUFLDLVHFDUHQWHVGHUHVSDOGRWpFQLFRHHPStULFRHDLQFRQVLVWrQFLDFRPSULQFtSLRVHÀFD]HVGDVSROtWLFDVFULPLQDLV+iPXLWRVPLWRVVREUHD
SUHYHQomRHHQRUPHVWHQWDo}HVTXHGLVWUDHP1RÀQDOpSRXFRRFRQKHFLPHQWR
YiOLGR$VERDVSUiWLFDVDWUDQVIHUrQFLDGHXPFRQWH[WRDRXWURDDSUHQGL]DJHP
DSDUWLUGRHUURHGRDFHUWRVmRHVFDVVDV
3RUpP WDPEpP VH DJUHJD XPD UHDomR H[DJHUDGD 'H IDWR D WHQWDomRGHDSOLFDUPHGLGDVTXHSURPHWDPXPDÚiSLGDUHFXSHUDomRµGRVQtYHLV
GH VHJXUDQoD GDV SHVVRDV SROtWLFD GH PmR GXUD TXH HVWLJPDWL]D YtWLPDV H
DOJR]HV QmR DWHQGHQGR jV FDXVDV HVWUXWXUDLV QmR VRPHQWH S}H HP ULVFR
RLPSRVWHUJiYHOUHVSHLWRDRVGLUHLWRVGDVSHVVRDV³DSURIXQGDQGRDGLVFULPLQDomR H D LQWROHUkQFLD ³ FRPR WDPEpP YHP UDWLÀFDU R TXH D H[SHULrQFLD
LQWHUQDFLRQDOQRVHQVLQDGHXPDSDUWHTXHDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDGHSHQGHGH
XPDHÀFD]SROtWLFDFULPLQDOGHRXWUDTXHVHUHTXHUHPFDSDFLGDGHVLQVWDODGDV
TXHSHUPLWDPVHXPRQLWRUDPHQWRHVXDDYDOLDomRSDUDLQWURGX]LUFRUUHo}HVH
DMXVWHVQHFHVViULRV2XVRGDDYDOLDomRHPSUiWLFDVGHSUHYHQomRUHVSRQGHj
QHFHVVLGDGHGHHVWDEHOHFHUXPDEDVHUDFLRQDOHFLHQWtÀFDTXHSHUPLWDMXOJDUD
HÀFiFLDGDVLQWHUYHQo}HV
$VVLPGRSRQWRGHYLVWDGDJHVWmRpSRVVtYHOLGHQWLÀFDUDOJXPDVGHÀFLrQFLDVFRPXQVj$PHULFD/DWLQDTXHGLÀFXOWDPRGHVHPSHQKRGDVLQVWLWXLo}HV
responsáveis pelas políticas de segurança pública e acrescentam a necessidade de melhorar as competências para uma melhor gestão:
DDomRS~EOLFDPDQWpPLPSRUWDQWHVOLPLWHVVHWRULDLVTXHLPSHGHP
XPDDERUGDJHPLQWHJUDOGRVSUREOHPDV
RSODQHMDPHQWRGRVRUJDQLVPRVS~EOLFRVQHVWHFDPSRpGHFXUWR
SUD]RGHYLGRDRPDUFROHJDOHRUoDPHQWiULR
DV DYDOLDo}HV GRV SURFHVVRV UHVXOWDGRV LPSDFWR TXDOLGDGH GR
VHUYLoR H VDWLVIDomR GR XVXiULR VmR SRXFR IUHTXHQWHV HVSHFLDOPHQWHQRkPELWRGDSROtFLDHQDDGPLQLVWUDomRGDMXVWLoD
pHVFDVVRRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHXPHQIRTXHGHFRSURGXomRGHULYDGDGHOLPLWDo}HVLQVWLWXFLRQDLVRUoDPHQWiULDVHVXEMHWLYDVFXOWXUDLQVWLWXFLRQDO
71
,93ROtWLFDV3~EOLFDV*HVWmR/RFDOH3DUWLFLSDomR
$ PRGHUQL]DomR GD JHVWmR GD VHJXUDQoD LPSOLFD PRGLÀFDomR QDV UHODo}HVGR(VWDGRFRPRFLGDGmRHDSRQWDSDUDRIRUWDOHFLPHQWRHDSHUIHLoRDPHQWRGDVXDFDSDFLGDGHJHVWRUDUHJXODGRUDHSURGXWRUDGHVHUYLoRV3RULVVR
p XP PRYLPHQWR VLJQLÀFDWLYR HVVH GD LQWURGXomR SURPRomR H IRUWDOHFLPHQWR
GRSDSHOGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOHPREMHWLYRVGHLQWHUHVVHFRPXPHHPWDUHIDVTXH
DQWHVHUDPH[FOXVLYDVGHDOJXQVRUJDQLVPRVHVWDWDLV
8PDROKDGDQDQDWXUH]DGDVLQWHUYHQo}HVHPGLVWLQWRVSDtVHVSHUPLWH
DÀUPDU TXH DV LQLFLDWLYDV TXH SDUWHP GR JRYHUQR FHQWUDO QmR VmR VXÀFLHQWHV
eQHFHVViULRVRPDUDRVJRYHUQRVORFDLVDDomRGDFRPXQLGDGHRUJDQL]DGDH
GHÀQLUSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHDPSORDOFDQFH(QWUHHVVDVSRUVXDYH]FRQFHLWRV
FRPRRVTXHDVVLQDODPRVDEDL[RGHYHPRFXSDUXPOXJDUUHOHYDQWH
SDUWLFLSDomRVRFLDOHIHWLYDHSURGXWLYD
OLGHUDQoDHFRDOL]mRORFDO
rQIDVHVRFLRSUHYHQWLYD
GHVHQKRGHHVWUDWpJLDVGHLQWHUYHQomRLQWHUVHWRULDOHPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU
PRQLWRUDPHQWRHDYDOLDomRGDHÀFiFLDHGRLPSDFWRGDVLQWHUYHQo}HV
DSUHQGL]DJHPVRFLDOHLQWHOLJrQFLDFROHWLYD
&RPHVVHREMHWLYRpSUHFLVRUHVJDWDUDUHODomRHQWUHGHPRFUDFLDLQVHJXUDQoDHSDUWLFLSDomR1DPHGLGDHPTXHDVRFLHGDGHFLYLODSRUWDHOHPHQWRV
DRGHVHQKRGHHVWUDWpJLDVGHVHJXUDQoDRVLVWHPDGHPRFUiWLFRVHIRUWDOHFH
9&RQFOXV}HVH'HVDÀRV
$LPSRUWkQFLDHDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHTXHFDGD(VWDGRWHPHPHVWDEHOHFHU H PDQWHU XP VLVWHPD HTXLWDWLYR UHVSRQViYHO H HÀFLHQWH GH VHJXUDQoD H
MXVWLoDSHQDOREULJDPDWUDWDURGHEDWHGDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDVHP
LGHRORJLDV$VHJXUDQoDFRPSHWHDRFRQMXQWRGDVRFLHGDGHSDUDWDQWRGHYHVHU
DVVXPLGDFRPRXPDSROtWLFDGH(VWDGR(VWHpXPDSUHQGL]DGRIXQGDPHQWDOHP
PXLWRVFDVRV
72
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Patrício Tudela
2XWURDSUHQGL]DGRTXHYHPGDGpFDGDSDVVDGDHPPDWpULDGHSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDpTXHVHGHYHGDUPDLVDWHQomRjIRUPDFRPRVHDGPLQLVWUD
DVHJXUDQoDHPHQRVDRVGHEDWHVWHyULFRVVREUHRVPRGHORVGHVHJXUDQoD$
UHVSRVWDDRGHVDÀRTXHDLQVHJXUDQoDGRVFLGDGmRVUHSUHVHQWDWHPGLVWLQWRV
JUDXVGHGLÀFXOGDGHVHGLYHUVDVDSUR[LPDo}HVRXIRUPDVGHPDWHULDOL]DomR$
H[SHULrQFLDLQGLFDTXHXPDFRLVDVmRRVPRGHORVHRXWUDpDVXDDSOLFDomRRX
LPSOHPHQWDomR$UHDOLGDGHQRVWHUULWyULRVHJRYHUQRVORFDLVVXSHUDRUHGXFLRQLVPRHDVLPSOLÀFDomRGDVHVWUDWpJLDV
7XGRLVVRWHPFRQVHTXrQFLDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHPGRLVQtYHLVHVWUXWXUDO
HSUiWLFR1RSULPHLURFDVRXPDVHJXQGDJHUDomRGHSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoD
GHYHQHFHVVDULDPHQWHWHUVXSHUDGRRXHQIUHQWDGRFLQFRJUDQGHVGHVDÀRVRX
WDUHIDVXUJHQWHV
SUREOHPDVGHULYDGRVGDGHOLQTXrQFLD³DYLROrQFLDHRWHPRU³
GHVHQYROYHQGRDLQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHQHFHVViULD
DLQVXÀFLrQFLDRXFULVHGRVLVWHPDGHSUHYHQomRHFRQWUROHGDFULPLQDOLGDGHFRPXPHGDYLROrQFLDGHVLJQDQGRRVUHFXUVRVQHFHVViULRVHOHJLVODQGRDUHVSHLWRGHQRYDVIRUPDVGHFULPLQDOLGDGHH
DWXDomRFRQWUDHODV
DFRQVROLGDomRGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVGHPRFUiWLFDVFRPRDFDSDFLGDGH
JHVWRUDGRVJRYHUQRVORFDLVGHIRUPDDDVVHJXUDUDLQFOXVmRHD
SDUWLFLSDomRGHWRGRVRVVHWRUHVGDVRFLHGDGH
XPD DGHTXDGD LQWHUUHODomR HQWUH MXVWLoD H VHJXUDQoD FRP XPD
política criminal estruturalmente consistente com políticas sociais
HÀFD]HVTXHVHRFXSHPGRVIDWRUHVGHULVFRVRFLDOHPJUXSRVYXOQHUiYHLV
D PRGHUQL]DomR GR (VWDGR GHVHQYROYHQGR FDSDFLGDGHV SHUPDQHQWHVSDUDRGHVHQKRH[HFXomRPRQLWRUDPHQWRHDYDOLDomRGDV
SROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVQHVVHFDPSR
1RFDVRGRSODQRSUiWLFRH[LVWHXPFRQMXQWRGHUHFRPHQGDo}HVHH[SHULrQFLDVUHODWLYDVjSUHYHQomRGRGHOLWR(ODVGHVWDFDPQmRVRPHQWHRHQIRTXHGDFRSURGXomRSDUWLFLSDomRHQIRTXHORFDOHQWUHRXWURVDVSHFWRVFRPR
também sublinham a necessidade de avançar em direção a uma nova geração
GHSROtWLFDVHGHJHVWmRGHVHJXUDQoDYHUVmRTXHUHVJDWDDSUHYHQomREDVHDGD
73
QRFRQKHFLPHQWRHDVSROtWLFDVEDVHDGDVQDHYLGrQFLD'HVWDIRUPDDJHVWmR
GD LQIRUPDomR D JHVWmR GRV FRQKHFLPHQWRV H D JHVWmR GR SODQHMDPHQWR GR
PRQLWRUDPHQWRHDDYDOLDomRVmRVXEVWDQWLYDVSDUDRr[LWR
(YLWDUWUDEDOKDUjVFHJDVFRQWHUDLPSURYLVDomRLGHQWLÀFDUHWUDQVIHULU
SUiWLFDVSURPHWHGRUDVIDFLOLWDUDDSURSULDomRHRHPSRGHUDPHQWRGRVJRYHUQRV
ORFDLVSURPRYHURFRQKHFLPHQWRFLHQWtÀFRHSUiWLFRFULDUFRQGLo}HVSDUDXPD
JHVWmRGHLQIRUPDomRRSRUWXQDHDSURSULDGDRFXSDQGRVHGHPHGLUDHYROXomR
GDLQVHJXUDQoDHDTXDOLGDGHHPWHUPRVGHFXVWRVHÀFiFLDUHVXOWDGRVHLPSDFWRVVmRREMHWLYRVLQLOXGtYHLVSDUDDOFDQoDUr[LWR
2XWUDOLomRpDQHFHVVLGDGHGHVXVWHQWDUDJHVWmRHPXPDFDSDFLGDGH
WpFQLFD&RPLVVRDSRQWDPRVGLYHUVDVFRQGLo}HVHUHTXLVLWRVTXHGHYHPVHUDVVHJXUDGRVSDUDPDLRUHÀFiFLDGRVLVWHPD6mRUHOHYDQWHVRVVHJXLQWHVFRQFHLWRV
IRUWDOHFLPHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDOHPGLVWLQWRVQtYHLVHVHWRUHVGRDSDUDWR
HVWDWDO
VLVWHPDV GH LQIRUPDomR SDUD GLDJQyVWLFRV FRPSDUWLOKDGRV RSRUWXQRV IXQGDGRV WpFQLFD H HPSLULFDPHQWH VREUH D QDWXUH]D GRV
SUREOHPDV GDV SULRULGDGHV H QDV FRQVHTXrQFLDV GD LQVHJXUDQoDREMHWLYDHVXEMHWLYD
FDSDFLGDGHGHJHUHQFLDPHQWRGLUHomRHDGPLQLVWUDomRSODQLÀFDomR H H[HFXomR HÀFLHQWHV JXLDGRV SRU LQGLFDGRUHV H tQGLFHV GH
UHVXOWDGRHLPSDFWR
UHIRUPXODomRHLQRYDomRQDVHVWUDWpJLDVHLQWHUYHQo}HV
H[LVWrQFLDGHXPDLQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHFRPUHVSDOGRSROtWLFRMXUtGLFRWpFQLFRHHFRQ{PLFRDGHTXDGRVHQWUHRXWURV
$H[SHULrQFLDQR&KLOHGHPRQVWUDTXHSDUDWHUr[LWRVHGHYHSURÀVVLRQDOL]DUHPRGHUQL]DUDJHVWmRGRDSDUDWRS~EOLFRHGDUXPVDOWRHPPDWpULDGH
SROtWLFDVS~EOLFDV1mRVHSRGHVHJXLUWUDEDOKDQGRHDGPLQLVWUDQGRDVSROtWLFDV
GRVHWRUFRPHQIRTXHVHVWUDWpJLDVHSUiWLFDVGHDQWDQKReSUHFLVRLQRYDU3DUD
LVVRGHYHPRVDYDOLDUHSURPRYHUDJHVWmRGRFRQKHFLPHQWRYDOLGDUDVLQWHUYHQo}HVTXHHQWUHJDPUHVXOWDGRVSURPHWHGRUHVPDVWDPEpPDSUHQGHUHWUDQVIHULU
DVERDVSUiWLFDVSDUDDSURYHLWDUDVH[SHULrQFLDVTXHVHGHWHFWDPHPFDGDFRQWH[WRHPFDGDFLGDGHHHPFDGDEDLUUR
74
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
e3UHFLVR5HFRQVWUXLU9DORUHV
9
*RQ]DOR)XHQWHV\$UEDOOR
Diretor de Assuntos Jurídicos da ACEP, Argentina
“O maior perigo da democracia reside na sua própria fraqueza
interna, pois é indulgente e benigna e permite que a excessiva
liberdade prepare o campo aos demagogos e tiranos.”
A República – Platão – livro nono
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SEGURANÇA
,QWURGXomR
$ 2UGHP GR 'LD GD ,QIRUPDomR TXH DERUGDPRV H QRV p GLVSRQLELOL]DGD PHGLDQWH XP ERPEDUGHLR PHGLiWLFR VLVWHPiWLFR GH ID]HU LQYHMD
DRPHOKRUDUWLOKHLURGDHUDQDSROH{QLFDFRQIURQWDQRVFRPXPDVXFHVVmR
GHFULPHVHGHYLROrQFLDHPFRQVWDQWHHVFDODGD7DPEpPVHSHUFHEHQRV
GHOLWRVQmRVyXPWRWDOGHVSUH]RDRVEHQVHjYLGDDOKHLDFRPRWDPEpP
LGrQWLFRGHVSUH]RGRVSHUSHWUDGRUHVGRVFULPHVHPUHODomRDVXDSUySULD
VHJXUDQoD ItVLFD $ LVVR GHYHPRV VRPDU XPD SHUFHSomR GH LPSXQLGDGH
GRVGHOLWRVSRUSDUWHGRVFLGDGmRVHPJHUDOFRPDFRQVHTXHQWHGHPDQGD
GHTXHR(VWDGRSURYHQKDSUHYHQomRHUHSUHVVmRGDGHOLQTXrQFLD2(VWDGRFRQIURQWDGRjH[LJrQFLDWHPSRUDOUHDJHGHIRUPDHVSDVPyGLFDFRQGX]LGRSRUVXDSUySULDQHFHVVLGDGHGHVREUHYLYrQFLDDJHUDUQRYDVQRUPDV
UHSUHVVLYDVQDPDLRULDGRVFDVRVSDOLDWLYRVSDUDVLWXDo}HVTXHQmRIRUDP
DQDOLVDGDVHPVXDYHUGDGHLUDSHUVSHFWLYDHHPVXDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVDFHUFD
GRVIDWRVTXHSUHWHQGHUHPHQGDU
(VVD VXFHVVmR GH QRUPDV GHVFRQH[DV TXH FKDPDPRV GH ´LQÁDomR
SHQDOµ p D IRUPD PDLV VLPSOHV LPHGLDWD H LQHÀFD] SHOD TXDO R (VWDGR WHQWD
FRPEDWHUD´VHQVDomRGHLQVHJXUDQoDµTXHSHUWXUEDDYLGDGRVFLGDGmRVHSHOD
qual os meios de comunicação minam os ansiados índices de popularidade
75
É Preciso Reconstruir Valores
GRVJRYHUQDQWHVHPSRGHUID]HQGRFRPTXHRVSHVTXLVDGRUHVGHDXGLrQFLDVH
WUDQVIRUPHPQRV~OWLPRVJXDUGLmHVGDSHUFHSomRJHUDO
,PHUVRVQHVVDSUREOHPiWLFDTXHVHPG~YLGDDIHWDDWRGRVDTXDOFRQ-
VHTXHQWHPHQWHSRGHPRVDFHQWXDUFRPR´GHPRFUiWLFDµHSDUDHIHLWRVGHID]HUPRVXPDDQiOLVHGHDOJXPDVDOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUDUHDOLGDGHVXEMDFHQWHGHYHPRVHPSULPHLUROXJDUUHDOL]DUXPDUHWLUDGDFRQWHPSODWLYDHVWUDWpJLFD
indagando as verdadeiras causas desse mal endêmico que vem açoitando não
VyDQRVVDVRFLHGDGHFRPRRPXQGRJOREDOL]DGRHPJHUDOPDVQRTXHFRQFHUQHjVODWLWXGHVDXVWUDLVTXHQRVGL]HPUHVSHLWRWHQWDQGRGHVYHQGDUIDWRUHV
HVWUXWXUDLVSDUDHPVHJXLGDSURSRUVROXo}HVGHPHVPDtQGROHHYLWDQGRUHFDLU
HP PHGLGDV FRQMXQWXUDLV H UHSHWLWLYDV TXH Mi PRVWUDUDP D LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GH
UHPLVVmRGHVVDJUDYHGRHQoDGHQRVVDFRQYDOHVFHQWHVRFLHGDGH
$'HPRFUDWL]DomRGD0RUWHHGR'HOLWR
&RPRFRUROiULRGHVVDEUHYHLQWURGXomRMiSRGHPRVUHVXPLUVHPPHGR
GHHUUDUFRPHVWDFRPSDUDomRTXHVXUJHHQWUHDVVLPLODUDLQVHJXUDQoDDXPD
´HQIHUPLGDGHµTXHDIHWDDVRFLHGDGHHPJHUDOTXHDIDOWDGHXPDSROtWLFDFULPLQDOpXPPDOHQGrPLFRQDSROtWLFDQDFLRQDO$FRQVWUXomRGHXPDSROtWLFDGH
VHJXUDQoDGHYHRFRUUHUHPFLUFXQVWkQFLDVQmRHOHLWRUHLUDVRTXHpVHPPDLRUHV
TXHVWLRQDPHQWRVXPDGDVSULQFLSDLVRULJHQVGRDWXDOSUREOHPDGHVHJXUDQoD
6HJXUDQoD²&RQFHLWR
7LUDQGRVHDSURSRVWDLQLFLDOSDUDORJRUHWRUQDUFRPXPDSHUVSHFWLYDGH
FRQIURQWDomRSURDWLYDTXHFRQWHQKDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQRYDGRUDVGLDQWHGRIUDFDVVRGHSURMHWRVDQWHULRUHVpLPSUHVFLQGtYHOÀ[DURFRQFHLWRGRWHUPR´6HJXUDQoDµ$VVLPSRGHPRVFRPHoDUDÀUPDQGRTXHGRSRQWRGHYLVWDDQWURSROyJLFR
H KLVWyULFRVRFLDO D QHFHVVLGDGH GH VHJXUDQoD p DFHVVyULD D WRGDV DV RXWUDV
QHFHVVLGDGHVEiVLFDVUHDLVRXSULPiULDV&RPRQD'HFODUDomRGRV'LUHLWRVGR
+RPHPHGR&LGDGmRGHHPVHXDUWLJRTXHHVWLSXODDVHJXUDQoDFRPR
GLUHLWRQDWXUDOHLPSUHVFLQGtYHOGRKRPHP3RGHPRVDTXLVDOLHQWDUTXHRGLUHLWR
76
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
GHVHJXUDQoDpXPGLUHLWRTXHGHYHPRVH[HUFHUGHIRUPDFRQH[DHVXERUGLQDGD
DRXWURVGLUHLWRVHpXPDFLUFXQVWkQFLDTXHSHUPLWHDRVFLGDGmRVRJR]RGRV
GLUHLWRVJDUDQWLGRVQD&RQVWLWXLomR1DFLRQDO
(VWHHQIRTXHDRTXHDGHULPRVSHUPLWHRXWRUJDUSDUWLFLSDomRQDSUREOHPiWLFDGDVHJXUDQoDjFRPXQLGDGHQRVHQWLGRGHTXHVHGHYHPGHL[DUGH
ODGR DQWLJRV SUHFRQFHLWRV WDLV FRPR TXH D VHJXUDQoD GHYHULD VRPHQWH VHU
DERUGDGDSRUHVSHFLDOLVWDQDPDWpULDHPSDUWLFXODUSRUDJrQFLDVSROLFLDLVRXWUDVIRUoDVGHVHJXUDQoDHGHMXVWLoDRVTXDLVSRUXPLPSHUDWLYRGHVXDFRQIRUPDomRFRUSRUDWLYDQRVUHPHWHPDVROXo}HVTXHDSRQWDPDMiPHQFLRQDGD
LQÁDomRSHQDO
&RLQFLGLQGRHQWmRHPXPDSHUVSHFWLYDJHUDOLQWHJUDGRUDFRPXPREMHWLYRGHLQRYDomRHWUDQVIRUPDomRGRVLVWHPDGHJHVWmRGDVHJXUDQoDGRFLGDGmRQmRGHYHPRVSRULVVRGHL[DUGHREVHUYDURYDORURVRDSRUWHGHVHWRUHV
GDVPHVPDVDJrQFLDVGHVHJXUDQoDHLQVWLWXLo}HVMXGLFLDLVDVTXDLVVmRSUHFXUVRUDV QD GHWHFomR GD RULJHP GR DJUDYDPHQWR GD GHOLQTXrQFLD H HP XPD
LQÀQLGDGHGHFDVRVPHGLDQWHRDSRUWHLQGLYLGXDOGHVHXVPHPEURVSURSXOVRUHV
de soluções onde se percebe a necessidade de articulá-las para a estruturação
GHXPDSROtWLFDFULPLQDOTXHFRQWHPSOHXPKRUL]RQWHPDLVDPSOR
eRSRUWXQRFLWDURDUWLJRGD/HL3URYLQFLDOGH6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFDGD
Província de Buenos Aires3 ´$VHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDGiDRFLGDGmRRJR]RHH[HUFtFLRGHVHXVGLUHLWRVOLEHUGDGHVHJDUDQWLDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVµ
$OHLDVVLQDODQRVHXDUWLJRDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPDLQWHUDomRSHUPDQHQWHGR´SRYRGD3URYtQFLDGH%XHQRV$LUHVµFRPDVLQVWLWXLo}HVSROtWLFDV
WDLVFRPRD3ROtFLDGD3URYtQFLDGH%XHQRV$LUHV
(VWDQRUPDFRQVWLWXLXPYDOLRVRSUHFHGHQWHQRkPELWRORFDOHUHJLRQDO
LQWURGX]LQGRDFRPXQLGDGHQRFHQWURGRSODQHMDPHQWRHPPDWpULDGHSROtWLFDV
GHVHJXUDQoDGHIRUPDDFRQGX]LODPDLVDOpPGHXPPHURVLVWHPDUHSUHVVLYR
5HLWHUDPRVTXHRVLVWHPDUHSUHVVLYRGHYHFRH[LVWLUHPLQWHUDomRFRP
XP HQIRTXH PDLV DPSOR PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU H LQVHULGR HP XPD SROtWLFD JHUDO TXH
FRQWHPSOHHPWRGRVVHXVkPELWRVDLQLOXGtYHOH[LVWrQFLDGHDo}HVGHOLWXRVDV
$VVLPHVWDUtDPRVVHJXLQGRRSHQVDPHQWRGHePLOH'XUNKHLPVRFLyORJRIUDQFrVTXHVXVWHQWDYDKiPDLVGHFHPDQRVTXHXPDVRFLHGDGHVHPGHOLWR
pLPSHQViYHO
1RUEHUWR57DYRVQDQVND6HJXULGDG\3ROtWLFD&ULPLQDOHG&DWKHGUD-XUtGLFD%XHQRV$LUHVS
77
'LDJQyVWLFR
(URVmR6RFLDO$1HFHVVLGDGHGH5HFRQVWUXLU9DORUHV
&XOWXUDLV
Com a intenção prévia de tentar enumerar de maneira ampla as atuais
FDXVDVHVWUXWXUDLVTXHVXEMD]HPQDUDL]GRLQFUHPHQWRGDGHOLQTXrQFLDHPJHUDOFRPDFRQVHJXLQWHJHUDomRGHLQVHJXUDQoDTXHpSHUFHELGDSHODPDLRULD
GRVFLGDGmRVPRVWUDVHSHUWLQHQWHGHOLPLWDUDOJXQVWUDoRVTXHDVHQJOREDP
6HQRVFRQVXOWDPVREUHQRVVDVUDt]HVFXOWXUDLVDVVLPFRPRRVSULQFtSLRVTXHUHJHPQRVVDRUJDQL]DomRFRPRFRPXQLGDGHVHJXUDPHQWHHQXPHUDUHPRVSUHVFLQGLQGRGDREULJDWRULHGDGHTXHQRVÀ[DPDVQRUPDVVDQFLRQDGDV
RXWUDVQRUPDVGHFDUiWHUPRUDOUHOLJLRVRHFXOWXUDOTXHFRQVLGHUDPRVSDUWHLQLOXGtYHOGRQRVVRFRPSRUWDPHQWR$WtWXORGHH[HPSORVHJXUDPHQWHSURYHPRVR
DOLPHQWRDQRVVRVÀOKRVSRUXPPDQGDWRDQFHVWUDODWiYLFRHQmRSRUTXHDVVLP
RGHWHUPLQDR&yGLJR&LYLO2IHUHFHPRVDX[tOLRDXPDJHVWDQWHRXDXPRFWRJHQiULRTXHHVWHMDSHUGLGRQDUXDSRUTXHDVVLPRLPS}HXPDQRUPDPRUDOLQWULQVHFDPHQWHDFHLWDSRUFDGDXPGHQyVHQmRSRUFDXVDGDDPHDoDGHXPDVDQomR
SUHYLVWD QR &yGLJR 3HQDO ( LQFOXVLYH FHGHPRV D SDVVDJHP QD HQWUDGD GH
XPDUXDRXGHXPHGLItFLRS~EOLFRSRULGrQWLFRVPRWLYRV(VVHFRQMXQWRGH
QRUPDVRXYDORUHVLQIRUPDLVFRPSDUWLOKDGRVHQWUHRVPHPEURVGHXPJUXSR
TXHSHUPLWHDFRRSHUDomRHQWUHHOHVIRLGHÀQLGREULOKDQWHPHQWHFRPR´FDSLWDOVRFLDOµSRU)UDQFLV)XNX\DPD
&RQWXGRVRPHQWHFRPSDUWLOKDUYDORUHVHQRUPDVQmRJHUDHPVLPHVPRFDSLWDOVRFLDOVREUHWXGRTXDQGRRVYDORUHVVmRHUU{QHRVWDOFRPRRFDVR
GDPiÀDLWDOLDQDTXHWHPXPIHFKDGtVVLPRFRQMXQWRGHQRUPDVFXQKDGDVVRE
RFyGLJR/·RPHUWjRXRTXHUHJHRVLQWHUQRVGRVLVWHPDSHQLWHQFLiULRDUJHQWLQR(DLQGDTXHQmRTXHLUDPRVJHQHUDOL]DUGHYHPRVID]HUUHIHUrQFLDQDEXVFD
GHFDXVDVGDVLWXDomRTXHRUDDQDOLVDPRVDRFRPSRUWDPHQWRFRUSRUDWLYRGH
DOJXQVVHWRUHVSROLFLDLVQRFRQKHFLPHQWRGHDo}HVGHOLWXRVDVGHQWURGDVSUySULDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHQFREULQGRDTXHVWmRGRSDJDPHQWRGHSURSLQDHPWURFDGH
SURWHomRUHGHVGHSURVWLWXLomRHRXWURVGHOLWRV
&RQFOXtPRVHQWmRTXH´DVQRUPDVTXHSURGX]HPFDSLWDOVRFLDOGHYHP
LQFOXLUEDVLFDPHQWHYLUWXGHVFRPRGL]HUDYHUGDGHFXPSULUFRPDVREULJDo}HV
78
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
H SUDWLFDU D UHFLSURFLGDGHµ 7RGDV DV VRFLHGDGHV FRQWDP FRP XPD UHVHUYD
GHVVHFDSLWDOVRFLDOHpDHVWUXWXUDIDPLOLDUWDOYH]RVHXPDLRUUHVHUYDWyULR$VVLP
JHUDOPHQWHRVPHPEURVGHXPDIDPtOLDFRPSDUWLOKDPFRQÀDQoDHQWUHVLFRQÀDQoDHFRPXQKmRGHYDORUHVTXHORJRWUDQVIHUHPDRXWURVkPELWRVGHVXDYLGD
WDLV FRPR D DVVLVWrQFLD UHFtSURFD ÀQDQFHLUD R HPSUHHQGLPHQWR GH HPSUHVDV
IDPLOLDUHV WmR LPSRUWDQWHV QD QRVVD VRFLHGDGH H R FXLGDGR GRV ÀOKRV H GRV
LGRVRVTXDQGRVHUHTXHUeSRLVyEYLRDRVROKRVGRVLPSOHVREVHUYDGRUTXH
WRGRHVVHSOH[RGHQRUPDVUHFRQKHFLGDVHGHFRQÀDQoDP~WXDQmRVHWUDQVIHUH
jYLGDS~EOLFDQDTXDOWRGRVRVQtYHLVGHFRQÀDQoDHKRQHVWLGDGHVmRPDUFDGDPHQWHPDLVEDL[RV
'HVGHDGpFDGDGHYrVHRLQFUHPHQWRGHLQGLFDGRUHVHHOHPHQWRV
TXHFRQÁXHPQDQHJDWLYLGDGHGHVVHFDSLWDOVRFLDOWDLVFRPRRLQJUHVVRGDPXOKHUQDIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRRDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHGLYyUFLRVDVFRQVWDQWHVFULVHV
HFRQ{PLFDVTXHDoRLWDPRSDtVRFUHVFHQWHGHVHPSUHJRHRXWURVIDWRUHVTXHD
EUHYLGDGHGHVVHWH[WRQmRQRVSHUPLWHDERUGDU7DPEpPFRPRFRQVHTXrQFLDVH
LQFUHPHQWRXRQtYHOGHGHOLQTXrQFLD$VVLPGHYHPRVIRUoRVDPHQWHFRQFOXLUTXH
o nível de delitos cometidos tem uma vinculação direta ao detrimento do capital
VRFLDOTXHDVRFLHGDGHVRIUHX
8PD YH] HVWDEHOHFLGD D UHODomR HQWUH RV DWRV GHOLWXRVRV H D SHUGD
GRVYDORUHVWUDGLFLRQDLVVRFLDLVSDUDRTXDODGRWDUHPRVGDTXLHPGLDQWHR
WHUPR´FDSLWDOVRFLDOµYDOHTXHQRVGHWHQKDPRVQDFRPSOH[LGDGHGDUHODomR
GHWHFWDGD
3RGHPRVHVWDEHOHFHUTXHDVRFLHGDGHGLVS}HGHPHLRVIRUPDLVHLQIRUPDLVGHHVWDEHOHFHUQRUPDVHFDVWLJRV(PXPLPDJLQiULRLGtOLFRDPHOKRU
PDQHLUD GH FRQWURODU R GHOLWR QmR p PHGLDQWH XPD IRUoD SROLFLDO QXPHURVD H
UHSUHVVRUDPDVVLPSRUPHLRGHXPDVRFLHGDGHTXHDFLPDGHWXGRHGXFDDRV
MRYHQVQDREVHUYkQFLDGDVOHLVHQRUPDVYLJHQWHV
'HYHPRVWDPEpPVRPDUDQHFHVVLGDGHGHHQFDPLQKDURVTXHIRUDP
VDQFLRQDGRVSHORVLVWHPDSXQLWLYRHGDGRjSREUH]DGDHGXFDomRTXHSUHYDOHFHXQDV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVSURYHUXPVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRSDOLDWLYRHGHUHHQFRQWUR
FRPRVYDORUHVVRFLDLVSDUDRVSURJHQLWRUHVGRVMRYHQVSULPiULRVREMHWLYRVGR
VLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR
(P XP FRUSR VRFLDO FRUUHWDPHQWH IRUPDGR RV SULQFLSDLV DJHQWHV GH
SUHYHQomRGDGHOLQTXrQFLDVmRRVSDLV TXHGHYHPVHLQWHUUHODFLRQDU QDVGL
/H\3URYLQFLDO
79
IHUHQWHVFRPXQLGDGHVGHYHQGRR(VWDGRQmRVRPHQWHSHUPLWLURH[HUFtFLRGRV
VHXVGLUHLWRVFRPRWDPEpPUHFODPDUDWDUHIDTXHVRFLDOPHQWHOKHVpLPSRVWD
(PUHODomRDRFDSLWDOVRFLDOGHYHVHUREMHWLYRGDVSROtWLFDVJHUDLVHPSUHHQGHUQXWULUHUHVWDXUDUHVVHFDSLWDOQDVSDODYUDVGH7R\QEHH(VWDFDSDFLdade de transmitir uma herança social por meio de um canal espiritual é evidentemente o traço característico do homem5
3ULQFLSDLV&DXVDV(VWUXWXUDLVGR,QFUHPHQWRGRV'HOLWRV
$ÀPGHDERUGDUDVFDXVDVHVWUXWXUDLVGRLQFUHPHQWRGRVGHOLWRVpFRQYHQLHQWHUHYHUDOJXQVGDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRVJHUDLVGRV~OWLPRVGH]DQRVFRPRDVVLQDORXRMRUQDO/D1DFLyQHPGHQRYHPEURGH´2Q]HPLOK}HVHPHLRGH
DUJHQWLQRVYLYHPDEDL[RGDOLQKDGHSREUH]D3RUFRQVHTXrQFLDRGHVHPSUHJR
RVXEHPSUHJRHDSHUGDGDFXOWXUDGRWUDEDOKRDEDL[DGDDXWRHVWLPDQmRVy
GRVDGXOWRVPDVWDPEpPGRVÀOKRVTXHSDGHFHPGDVLWXDomRHDQHFHVVLGDGH
GHVHFRQÀDUjHVFRODS~EOLFDRVXVWHQWRGLiULRGRVÀOKRVPHQRUHVFRPDFRQVHJXLQWHGHWHULRUDomRGDDXWRULGDGHSDWHUQDOVmRLPSXOVRUHVGLUHWRVGRDXPHQWR
GDGHOLQTXrQFLDµ
$8QLYHUVLGDGH&DWyOLFD$UJHQWLQDHPHVWXGRUHFHQWH3HVTXLVDGD'tYLGD6RFLDO$UJHQWLQDPRVWURXTXHGDVFULDQoDVGXUDQWHRDQRGH
YLYLDPHPODUHVYXOQHUiYHLVDtHQWHQGLGRVFRPRODUHVLQFDSD]HVGHVDWLVID]HUDV
QHFHVVLGDGHVDOLPHQWtFLDVGRVVHXVLQWHJUDQWHV
7DPEpPRVGDGRVREWLGRVGR6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QIRUPDomR&ULPLQDO'13&HPVHXVGLIHUHQWHVLQGLFDGRUHVPRVWUDPXPLQFUHPHQWRFRQVWDQWHQDSHUSHWUDomRGHGHOLWRVFRQWUDSHVVRDVHSURSULHGDGHV
1RWHVH TXH WDLV LQGLFDGRUHV Vy UHJLVWUDP SHTXHQDV PHOKRUDV GXUDQWH
RVSHUtRGRVGHPHOKRUDHFRQ{PLFDFLUFXQVWDQFLDOQD~OWLPDGpFDGDPDQWHQGRD
VXDFXUYDDVFHQGHQWHGXUDQWHRFLWDGRSHUtRGR$LVVRGHYHPRVDFUHVFHQWDUXPD
WD[DGHVHQWHQoDVFRQGHQDWyULDVHPUHODomRDGHOLWRVHPWRUQRGHQRkPELWR
QDFLRQDOHXPDWD[DGHUHLQFLGrQFLDTXHHVWLSXODTXHGRVTXHFRPHWHUDP
FULPHVYROWDPDID]rORWD[DTXHDXPHQWDSDUDQRFDVRGHPHQRUHV
'HYHPRVID]HUXPDQRWDjSDUWHVREUHDDomRGDVIRUoDVGHVHJXUDQoDHHPSDUWLFXODUVREUHDVGLIHUHQWHVDJrQFLDVMXGLFLDLV1DSHUFHSomRJHUDO
GDFRPXQLGDGHDSROtFLDDSDUHFHHPGDVFRQVLGHUDo}HVFRPRHQYROYLGD
80
)UDQFLV)XNX\DPD2EUDFLWDGDDQWHULRUPHQWH
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
HP DWLWXGHV OLJDGDV j FRUUXSomR PDVDSDUHFHFRPVLPLODUHVtQGLFHVTXDQWRj
predisposição de cada cidadão em recorrer às instituições policiais em caso de
QHFHVVLGDGHGHDX[tOLR³VHQGRHVWD~OWLPDRSomRDPSODPHQWHVXSHUDGDSHODV
RSo}HV´DOJXPDPLJRSRGHURVRµRX´LQVWLWXLomRFOHULFDOµ
+iGLIHUHQoDVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVHQWUHRVGDGRVSURYHQLHQWHVGHSHVTXLVDV
RÀFLDLVHSHVTXLVDVSULYDGDVHHVWiSHQGHQWHDWDUHIDGHVLVWHPDWL]DomRFROHWD
HLQWHUSUHWDomRGHGDGRVHPStULFRVTXHIRUQHoDPXPDYHUGDGHLUDIRWRJUDÀDVREUHRVGHOLWRVFRPHWLGRVVXDSUHYHQomRHSRVWHULRUHQFDPLQKDPHQWRSRUSDUWH
GR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRHTXHVHMDPFDSD]HVGHLQIRUPDUDSHQDVFRPXPDROKDGD
FUtWLFD H FLHQWtÀFD VHP D SUHVXQomR GH PDTXLDJHP GRV GDGRV SDUD HQFREULU
YHUGDGHVLQHYLWiYHLVDUHDOGLPHQVmRGRSUREOHPD6RPHQWHDVVLPSRGHUHPRV
FRPHoDUDFRQVWUXLUVROXo}HVGHEDVH
3DUDHIHLWRVGHVWDDQiOLVHTXHUHPRVSURSRURVHJXLQWHJUXSRGHFDXVDVHVWUXWXUDLVGD´VHQVDomRGHLQVHJXUDQoDµ
3.2.1 'HVHPSUHJR2GHVHPSUHJRFRPVHXVFRPSDQKHLURVGHYLDJHPREULJDWyULRVRVXEHPSUHJRDPRUWDOLGDGHLQIDQWLOHRDEDQGRQRHVFRODUFRQVWLWXL
XPDXVLQDGHVLWXDo}HVTXHMiDQDOLVDPRVGHPRGRJHUDO6HXLQFUHPHQWRVH
HQFRQWUDLQWLPDPHQWHOLJDGRFRPRLQFUHPHQWRGDGHOLQTXrQFLD
3.2.2 (GXFDomR´1mRVHFRQWUDULRXRD[LRPDTXHGL]TXHDHGXFDomRGDLQIkQFLDpXPDGDVPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVPLVV}HVGROHJLVODGRUHTXHGHVFXLGDUGHOD
pFDXVDUXPDSURIXQGDIHULGDQR(VWDGRµ$DWXDOVLWXDomRGHFULVHJROSHLDFRP
PDLRU IRUoD RV VHWRUHV VRFLDLV PDLV HVTXHFLGRV R DEDQGRQR HVFRODU SULYD DV
QRYDV JHUDo}HV GD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH LQVHUomR QR PHUFDGR GH WUDEDOKR R TXH
JHUDFtUFXORVGHyFLRTXHVHFRQYHUWHPHPUHFXUVRKXPDQRVVHPFRQKHFLPHQWR
GDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVHGHIiFLOFRQYHQFLPHQWRSHORVJUXSRVGRFULPHRUJDQL]DGR
3.2.3 7UiÀFR8VRH$EXVRGH'URJDVHÉOFRRO1HVWHSRQWRWDQWRDVHVWDWtVWLFDVRÀFLDLVFRPRDVSULYDGDVPRVWUDPLQFUHPHQWRLQTXHVWLRQiYHOGRWUiÀFRH
DEXVRGHHVWXSHIDFLHQWHVHiOFRRO7HPRVYLVWRQRV~OWLPRVWHPSRVLPSRUWDQWHV
DSUHHQV}HVGHGURJDVSURYHQLHQWHVGHGLYHUVDVSDUWHVDVTXDLVGHSHQGHQGR
GRFDVRDVDXWRULGDGHVVHDSUHVVDPDQRVFRPXQLFDU1RQRVVRHQWHQGLPHQWR
/D3ROtWLFD&HQWUR(GLWRUGH&XOWXUDS
81
HVVHVLQFUHPHQWRVSHUFHQWXDLV³VREUHRVTXDLVSRUDOJXQVPRWLYRVSDUHFH
PDLVLPSRUWDQWHDTXHVWmRGDDSUHHQVmRHQmRGHTXHPHVWiLPSOLFDGRHDRV
TXDLV VHPSUH VHJXQGR DV DXWRULGDGHV FRQÀDPVH LPSRUWDQWHV VRPDV GH GLnheiro a pessoas ilegalmente ingressadas no país e sem documentação — são
QDYHUGDGHDSHQDVFRQVHTXrQFLDGRFUHVFLPHQWRH[SRQHQFLDOGRWUiÀFRHQmR
XPDGHPRQVWUDomRGRDXPHQWRGHHÀFLrQFLDQRFRPEDWHDHVVHFULPH
(VVHH[WUDRUGLQiULRLQFUHPHQWRGRWUiÀFRGHHVWXSHIDFLHQWHVSRGHVHU
equiparado a uma boa ação de um mecanismo de busca de primeira linha da inWHUQHW&RPRHVVHWHPDTXHVWLRQiYHOYLUWXGHGHLQVHULUVHHPRXWURVkPELWRVGH
GHOLWRVHVHUiSUHFXUVRUGHFULPHVYLROHQWRVFRQWUDDSURSULHGDGHHDVSHVVRDV
,QVWLWXLo}HV
´2RUJXOKRpXPDDÀUPDomRGRVHUHPTXHRSDUHFHUpVXEVLGLiULRH
HPWRGRFDVRpLVWRTXHVDFULÀFDµ7 -DXUHWFKH
3.3.1 Poucos dos temas que podemos abordar terão um maior grau de variabiOLGDGHGHSRVWXUDVHH[DOWDGDVGHIHVDVVHWRULDLVFRPRDDWXDOVLWXDomRRUJDQL]DFLRQDOHHVWUXWXUDOGDDJrQFLDSROLFLDOHPJHUDODVVLPQDEXVFDGHXPFRQVHQVR
JHUDOTXHQRVRXWRUJXHXPDSRVLomRGHSDUWLGDHFRQJUXrQFLDpRSRUWXQRFRLQFLGLUTXHR(VWDGRGHYHLQVWUXLUDGHTXDGDPHQWHDVVXDVFRUSRUDo}HVSROLFLDLV
À[DQGRSULPDULDPHQWHSDXWDVGHVHOHomRULJRURVDHGXFDomRHWUHLQDPHQWRGH
DFRUGRFRPDPDWpULDDHPSUHHQGHUGRWDQGRDVQmRVRPHQWHGRVHOHPHQWRV
PDWHULDLVHWpFQLFRVLG{QHRVFRPRWDPEpPGHFRQGLo}HVGHWUDEDOKRHVDOiULRV
GLJQRV'LUHWUL]HVGHVVHHVWLORUHVXOWDPFRPXQVHPQtYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDOHLQFOXVLYHVHHQFRQWUDPGHWHUPLQDGDVHPSURSRVLo}HVÀ[DGDVSHOD2UJDQL]DomRGDV
1Do}HV8QLGDV218
(QWUHWDQWR D SDUWLU GR HVWXGR GDV SHVTXLVDV FLWDGDV QR SUHVHQWH WUDEDOKRGDFRQVWDQWHH[SHULrQFLDGDVQRWtFLDVGLiULDVQRVMRUQDLVHQDWHOHYLVmR
QDVTXDLVRSHVVRDOGHGLIHUHQWHVFRUSRVSROLFLDLVVHHQFRQWUDHPVLWXDo}HVGH
GHOLWR H GR VHQWLU JHUDO QmR SRGHPRV GHL[DU GH LQIHULU TXH HVVDV LQVWLWXLo}HV
HQFRQWUDPXPIXQFLRQDPHQWRPXLWRGLIHUHQWHGDVTXHOKHFRQIHULXR(VWDGRHP
VHXHVTXHPDRUJDQL]DFLRQDO
82
(O0HGLR3HORHQOD6RFLHGDG$UJHQWLQD9HGLFLRQHVFRUUHJLGRUS
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
A isso se acrescenta a carga negativa que devem somar incontáveis
DJHQWHVGDRUGHPTXHFXPSUHPPXLWDVYH]HVXPH[FHVVRGHWDUHIDVTXHOKH
VmR GHWHUPLQDGDV FRORFDQGR HP ULVFR VXD SUySULD YLGD 3ROLFLDLV DRV TXDLV D
FRPXQLGDGHHPYH]GHRXWRUJDURGHYLGRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRLGHQWLÀFDFRPXPD
SHUFHSomRJHUDORTXHUHSHUFXWHHPXPIDWRUQmRYLVtYHOPDVQmRPHQRVLPSRUWDQWHFRPRpDIRUoDPRUDOLQGLYLGXDOQXWULHQWHGDJHUDO
/DPHQWDYHOPHQWHHVVDVIRUoDVPRUDLVWmRLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDWUDYDUEDWDOKD FRQWUD R FULPH QmR SRGHP VHU DJUXSDGDV HP FODVVHV RX HP Q~PHURV
HVWDWtVWLFRVPDVQHFHVVLWDPVHUSHUFHELGDVHVHQWLGDVSHODVRFLHGDGHHSHOR
FRUSRSROLFLDOHPJHUDO
)LFDFODURTXHDÀPGHORJUDUDWUDQVIRUPDomRGDUHDOLGDGHDWXDOVmR
QHFHVViULDVSURSRVWDVGHUHIRUPDHPUHODomRjVIRUoDVGHVHJXUDQoDHPJHUDO
HjVFRUSRUDo}HVSROLFLDLVHPSDUWLFXODU
26LVWHPD3HQLWHQFLiULR
Toda tentativa de melhorar a situação da segurança deverá ter em conta
R DWXDO HVWDGR GR VLVWHPD SHQLWHQFLiULR GDGR TXH VHX LQFRUUHWR H SHUVLVWHQWH
GHWHULRUDPHQWRUHSHUFXWHQmRVyQDYLGDGRVLQWHUQRVFRPRQDVRFLHGDGHHP
JHUDOWUDQVIRUPDQGRDVSHQLWHQFLiULDVHPYHUGDGHLUDVHVFRODVGRFULPHFRPR
YHPRVQDVHVWDWtVWLFDV$UHLQFLGrQFLDFRPRPRHGDFRUUHQWHUHYHODQRVDLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGHUHLQVHUomRGDTXHOHVTXHLQJUHVVDUDPQRVLVWHPD
'DPHVPDIRUPDDVFRQGLo}HVGHGHWHQomRFRPRFRQÀQDPHQWRFDUrQFLDGHSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHWUDEDOKRGHQWURGDVSHQLWHQFLiULDVIDOWDGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDFLRQDLVLQVDOXEULGDGHGDVLQVWDODo}HVHDLQDGPLVVtYHOYLRODomRGRV
GLUHLWRVKXPDQRVGRVSUHVLGLiULRVQmRVRPHQWHVmRVLWXDo}HVTXHQHFHVVLWDP
VHUUHPHGLDGDVjOX]GRFXPSULPHQWRGD&RQVWLWXLomR1DFLRQDOFRPRWDPEpP
VHFRQVWLWXHPHPGLVSDUDGRUHVGHYLROrQFLDMiTXHFRQFOXtGRRFLFORGHUHFOXVmR
RVH[GHWHQWRVQmRVHUmRDPSDUDGRVeOXJDUFRPXPFRQVLGHUDUTXH´RVGHWHQWRVFKHJDPDRFiUFHUHSDUDVHUHPHVTXHFLGRVµ
Essa situação vem ocorrendo habitualmente com a passividade e a
FRQIRUPLGDGH VRFLDLV8 &RQKHFHQGRVH D VLWXDomR GH YLROrQFLD LQWUDPXURV p
3D]0DUWD\$]HUUDG0DUFRV(´6LGD\GURJDVHQODVFiUFHOHVDUJHQWLQDV8QDUHDOLGDGGLVYDOLRVDµ&DS,,,
´3HQDV\VLVWHPDVSHQLWHQFLDULRVµHQ(OEHUW&DUORV$\RWURV/D&ULPLQRORJtDGHOVLJOR;;,HQ$PpULFD/DWLQD
3DUWH6HJXQGD5XELQ]DOR&XO]RQL6DQWD)H
83
SUHFLVRTXHKDMDXPSRVWHULRUDFRPSDQKDPHQWRGRVH[GHWHQWRVHDVRFLHGDGH
HPJHUDOGHYHWHUFRQVFLrQFLDGHVVHSUREOHPD(PYLUWXGHGRWHRUGHVVHGRFXPHQWRQmRSRGHPRVWUDWDUHVVDTXHVWmRFRPDSURIXQGLGDGHQHFHVViULDPDV
pRSRUWXQRSURSRUDOHLWXUDGR$FRUGR([WUDRUGLQiULRHODERUDGRSHORVMXt]HV
GD([FHOHQWtVVLPD&kPDUDGH$SHODo}HVH*DUDQWLDV3HQDLVGR'HSDUWDPHQWR
Judicial de San Isidro
3URSRVWDV
´$VHJXUDQoDpRFRPSOHPHQWRGDOLEHUGDGHRXPHOKRUpDSUySULDOLEHUGDGHFRQVLGHUDGDHPVHXVHIHLWRVSUiWLFRVHHPVHXVUHVXOWDGRVSRVLWLYRV
2QGHTXHUTXHDVHJXUDQoDGDSHVVRDHGDSURSULHGDGHH[LVWDFRPRIDWRLQYLROiYHODSRSXODomRVHGHVHQYROYHUiSRUVLPHVPDVHPPDLVDWUDWLYRGRTXH
HVVHµ
Juan Bautista Alberdi10
'HVHPSUHJR
6HPVRPEUDGHG~YLGDRGHVHPSUHJRHRFRQMXQWRGHVLWXDo}HVTXH
JHUDVmRFDXVDGLUHWDHSDOSiYHOQDVHJXUDQoDLQGLYLGXDOHVHULDPXLWRSUHVXQoRVRWHQWDUFRQFHEHUXPDSURSRVWDSDUDVXDHUUDGLFDomRQHVWDDQiOLVHSRUpP
consideramos que se possam propor algumas medidas paliativas nesse sentiGR2GHVHPSUHJROHYDDIDPtOLDGRH[FOXtGRjDVVLVWrQFLDVDQLWiULDVREDSURWHomRGRVLVWHPDJRYHUQDPHQWDO6HPTXHUHUFDUUHJDUDLQGDPDLVHVVHTXHWHP
VHXSUySULRSOH[RGHGHÀFLrQFLDVGHVHMDPRVSURSRUDHODERUDomRGHXPPDUFR
GRVVLVWHPDVGHVD~GHQDFLRQDOSURYLQFLDOHPXQLFLSDOGHSURJUDPDVGHGHWHFomRSUHFRFHGHJUXSRVGHULVFRDÀPGHRIHUHFHUVHUYLoRVGHDVVLVWrQFLDSVLFROyJLFDHLQIRUPDomRHPSDUWLFXODUDRVPHQRUHVGHLGDGH1HVWHVHQWLGRXP
SURJUDPDTXHLQWHJUHRVUHFOXVRVUHDELOLWDGRVFRPFRQVHOKHLURVHSVLFyORJRV
para que a população tenha uma real compreensão do sistema de imposição
$FXHUGR([WUDRUGLQDULR1UR([FPD&iPDUDGH$SHODFLyQ\*DUDQWtDVHQOR3HQDOGHO'HSWR
-XGLFLDOGH6DQ,VLGUR3URY'H%XHQRV$LUHVHQUHODFLyQDODVGHÀFLHQFLDVH[LVWHQWHVHQHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOD
8QLGDG3HQLWHQFLDULD1URXELFDGDHQODORFDOLGDGGH2OPRV3DUWLGRGH/D3ODWDSXEOLFDGRSRUHO&ROHJLRGH
$ERJDGRVGH6DQ,VLGUR'RV3ULPHUDV$xR;,,6HSWLHPEUH
10 6LVWHPD(FRQyPLFR\5HQWtVWLFRGHOD&RQIHGHUDFLyQ$UJHQWLQD(GLWRULDO5DLJDO3
84
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
GHSHQDVHFXPSULPHQWRGHVWDVGHYHVHULPSOHPHQWDGRFRPSHULRGLFLGDGHDR
HVWLORGRVSODQRVGHHGXFDomRVH[XDORXGHSODQLÀFDomRIDPLOLDUVHQGRHVVHV
~OWLPRVSURJUDPDVYLWDLVQDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVDTXLDQDOLVDGDV
(VVHVSURJUDPDVGHYHULDPFRQWDUFRPDSDUWLFLSDomRGHRUJDQL]Do}HV
VHPÀQVOXFUDWLYRVSURFXUDQGRÚHFUXWDUµHPVXDLQWHJUDomRPHPEURVGDVFRPXQLGDGHVGHVHWRUHVVRFLDLVGHVIDYRUHFLGRV1mRVHGHYHSUHVXPLUTXHHVVHV
VHWRUHVVHMDPQHFHVVDULDPHQWHDRULJHPGDGHOLQTXrQFLDPDVDFHLWDUDUHDOLGDGHWDOFRPRVHYHPYHULÀFDQGR3RGHVHWDPEpPFRQVWLWXLUXPDDSUR[LPDomR
GHVHWRUHVVRFLDLVGLIHUHQWHVFRPSURSRVWDVTXHFRQWHPSOHPEHQHÀFLiULRVGH
SODQRVVRFLDLVHVXEVtGLRVWHQGRVHRGHYLGRFXLGDGRGHID]HUSUHYLDPHQWHXP
SODQHMDPHQWRGHIRUPDDHYLWDUGLVFULPLQDUDTXHOHVFXMDVLWXDomRMiDFDUUHWDHP
VLXPDLQHYLWiYHOSHUGDGHDXWRHVWLPDHGHYDORUDomRSHVVRDO
(GXFDomR
$ULVWyWHOHV DÀUPDYD TXH TXDQGR WRGRV RV PHPEURV GR FRUSR VRFLDO
WrP XP PHVPR ÀP D HGXFDomR GHYH VHU D PHVPD SDUD WRGRV GHYHQGR VHU
S~EOLFDHQmRSULYDGD2TXHpFRPXPDWRGRVGHYHVHUDSUHQGLGRHPFRPXP
3RVWRLVVRHVVDLPSHULRVLGDGHGHHGXFDomRQmRVHGHYHOLPLWDUDRVFRQWH~GRV
FXUULFXODUHVGDVPDWpULDV'HYHPFRQWHUDVSUHPLVVDVTXHOHYHPDYLUWXGHDRV
MRYHQVHGXFDQGRRVHPYDORUHVPDLVJHQHURVRV0XLWRVHSHQVDQDHGXFDomR
LQWHOHFWXDO PDV SRXFR DÀQFR VH WHP SHOD IRUPDomR GR FRUDomR GD TXDO QmR
GHYHPRVQRVGHVFXLGDU
2FXUUtFXORHGXFDFLRQDOGHYHSUHYHUVLWXDo}HVUHODWLYDVjVHJXUDQoDWDQWRFRPREHPMXUtGLFRTXDQWRFRPRFLUFXQVWkQFLDDWXDOQDFRQFHSomRGHTXH
DOLEHUGDGHLQGLYLGXDOHVWiFRQGLFLRQDGDjOLEHUGDGHFRPXQLWiULDSOHQDDTXDO
GHYHVHUHTXLWDWLYDHMXVWDFRQWHPSODWLYDGREHPFRPXP
2 LQJUHVVR GRV MRYHQV FRP LGDGHV FDGD YH] PDLV EDL[DV QR PXQGR
do crime torna imprescindível combater o abandono escolar e também prover
SURJUDPDVGHGLYXOJDomRVREUHDVLWXDomRGDTXHOHTXHHQWUDQDGHOLQTXrQFLD
PHVPRFRPHWHQGRIDOWDVPHQRUHVTXHVmRDVSUHFXUVRUDVGRGHOLWR$GHWHFomRDQWHFLSDGDGHFRQGXWDVWDLVFRPRDGHVWUXLomRGDSURSULHGDGHHVFRODUD
SLFKDomRDFUXHOGDGHFRPDQLPDLVHRDEXVRGHiOFRRORXRXWUDVGURJDVGHYH
FRQWHPSODUQmRVRPHQWHSURJUDPDVGHUHLQVHUomRVRFLDOFRPRWDPEpPDOJXP
WLSRGHSHQDDOWHUQDWLYDFRPRWUDEDOKRVFRPXQLWiULRVRXGHDVVLVWrQFLDDVHWR-
85
UHVFDUHQWHVSURJUDPDVGHDomRVRFLDOHHPFDVRVH[WUHPRVDLQWHUDomRGRV
VHWRUHVHGXFDWLYRVFRPDVVLVWHQWHVVRFLDLV
1HVVHVFDVRVDMXVWLoDFRPSHWHQWHGHYHWHUSURWRFRORVTXHSUHYHMDP
QmRDSHQDVDVLWXDomRGRPHQRULQIUDWRUPDVWDPEpPGRVHXJUXSRIDPLOLDUWHQGRHPFRQWDTXHQRVJUXSRVVRFLDLVGHVIDYRUHFLGRVDGHWHFomRGHXPPHQRU
HPVLWXDomRGHULVFRSRGHDMXGDUDGHWHFWDUHPHVWDGRDLQGDSUHFRFHLUPmRV
WDPEpP YXOQHUiYHLV HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP IDPtOLDV QXPHURVDV FRPXQV QHVVHV
DJUXSDPHQWRVVRFLDLV
7UiÀFR8VRH$EXVRGH'URJDVHÉOFRRO
,QGXELWDYHOPHQWHR(VWDGRWURSHoDHPHQRUPHVREVWiFXORVSDUDHPpreender o combate a esses atores do delito que parecem contar com recursos
LOLPLWDGRVSDUDFRUURPSHUDWHUURUL]DUSDUDOLVDUHVXEMXJDUFRPXQLGDGHVLQWHLUDV
'LDULDPHQWHOHPRVDWXUGLGRVFRPRFHUWRVEDLUURVPDUJLQDLVVHFRQYHUWHPHP
UHGXWRVGHQDUFRWUDÀFDQWHVEDLUURVDRVTXDLVDVIRUoDVSROLFLDLVWrPLQJUHVVR
SUDWLFDPHQWHYHGDGRVyFRQVHJXLQGRHQWUDUFRPDo}HVGHJUDQGHPRELOL]DomR
GHRSHUDWLYRVGLItFHLVGHPRQWDUSRUFRQWDGDVXDFRPSOH[LGDGHHGRVDJHQWHV
SROLFLDLVHMXGLFLDLVTXHSUHFLVDPDJLUFRRUGHQDGDPHQWH0XLWDVYH]HVSHUJXQWDPRQRVRTXHRFRUUHFRPRVKDELWDQWHVGDTXHODVUHJL}HVXPDYH]TXHVDHP
GRIRFRPHGLiWLFRREWLGRSRUGHWHUPLQDGDRSHUDomR
eFHUWRTXHHVVDLPDJHPFRPDTXDORVPHLRVGHFRPXQLFDomRQRV
FRQIURQWDP p VRPHQWH D SRQWD GR LFHEHUJ $ UHDOLGDGH p TXH HVVHV FDUWpLV
JUXSRVRXSHVVRDVFRPRVHTXHLUDGHQRPLQiORVGHPRQVWUDPWHUXPSRGHU
VXEWHUUkQHRXPQtYHORUJDQL]DWLYRHXPDFDSDFLGDGHGHDGDSWDomRTXHDPHDoDPHGHVDÀDPDIRUPDomRGRSUySULR(VWDGR0DWpULDjSDUWHpHVWDEHOHFHU
FRPR p TXH R TXDVH OLYUH ÁX[R GH FDSLWDLV OKHV RXWRUJD D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH
LQVHUomRGROXFURRULXQGRGRQDUFRWUiÀFRQRFLUFXLWRÀQDQFHLURSRVVLELOLWDQGR
LQJUHVVDU HP RXWUR WLSR GH QHJyFLRV OtFLWRV FRQWXGR YLQFXODGR jTXHOHV TXH
OKHVFRQIHUHPPDLRUPDUJHPGHOXFURFRPRSRUH[HPSORDJrQFLDVÀQDQFHLUDVRXHPSUHVDVGHORJtVWLFDHGHWUDQVSRUWH
2FRPEDWHDRWUiÀFRGHHVWXSHIDFLHQWHVUHTXHUXPHQIRTXHLQWHUJRYHUQDPHQWDOFRPSOH[RFRPDLQFOXVmRGHVHWRUHVMXGLFLDLVIRUoDVGHVHJXUDQoD
DJrQFLDVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVHDLQFOXVmRDWLYDGR3RGHU/HJLVODWLYRWDQWRHPQtYHOQDFLRQDOTXDQWRSURYLQFLDO'DGDVDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVRUJDQL]DFLRQDLVGHVVH
86
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
WLSRGHFULPHpLPSUHVFLQGtYHODXPHQWDURHQIRTXHUHJLRQDOHLQWHUQDFLRQDOSDUD
TXHVHMDSRVVtYHOWHUr[LWRQHVVDYHUGDGHLUDJXHUUDFRQWUDRLPSpULRGDFRFDtQD
FRPRGHÀQH$OYLQ7RIÁHU
7DPEpPPHUHFHDWHQomRHVSHFLDODrQIDVHSUHYHQWLYDTXHGHYHPRVGDU
DR XVR H DEXVR WDQWR GR iOFRRO FRPR GH HVWXSHIDFLHQWHV QD SRSXODomR HP
JHUDOHQDHVFRODUHPHVSHFLDOeQHFHVViULRSRGHUFRQWDUFRPHVWDWtVWLFDVFRQÀiYHLVQDPDWpULDTXHHVWDEHOHoDPXPUHDOSRVLFLRQDPHQWRQmRVRPHQWHFRP
respeito ao abuso como também com respeito às suas consequências e aos
KiELWRVXUEDQRVTXHYmRVHIRUPDQGRRVTXDLVVHFRQVWLWXHPHPIRFRVSUHFXUVRUHVGDGHOLQTXrQFLDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHQDMXYHQWXGHRQGHVHYrXPLQFUHPHQWR
GHVSURSRVLWDGRQRXVRGDVGURJDVVLQWpWLFDVLQFUHPHQWDGRSHODGLPLQXLomRQDV
SRVVLELOLGDGHVGHGHWHQomRGDGRDVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPRUIROyJLFDV
6LQWHWL]DQGRHVVHSRQWRpLPSHUDWLYRGHVHVWLJPDWL]DURFRQVXPLGRU$
reinserção social se consegue mediante um tratamento terapêutico que o indivíGXRGHYHHQIUHQWDUSDUWLQGRGDFRQYLFomRGDDFHLWDomRGHXPDVLWXDomRTXHp
LPSRVVtYHOJHUHQFLDUVHPDMXGDSURÀVVLRQDO2(VWDGRGHYHLQWHQVLÀFDUHSURYHU
VROXo}HVWHUDSrXWLFDVFRPRWDPEpPFRQGX]LUGHIRUPDSHULyGLFDFDPSDQKDV
GHFRQVFLHQWL]DomRHGH´GHVHVWLJPDomRµGRFRQVXPR
3RU~OWLPRRXVRGHWRGRVHVVHVHVWLPXODQWHVQDIDVHGRGHOLWRFRPR
VXDLQJHVWmRSUpYLDDRVFULPHVFRPHWLGRVQmRID]HPVHQmRDXPHQWDUDYLROrQFLD
GHWDLVDWRVFRQVWLWXLQGRFLFORVGHHVFDODGDTXHYmRVHUHODFLRQDQGRHVHUHWURDOLPHQWDQGRFRPRWUiÀFR
5HHQJHQKDULD0RGHUQL]DomRHD%XVFDGH(ÀFLrQFLDQD
3ROtFLD
´2KRPHPFHGHPDLVDRSRGHUGRTXHjUD]mRSRULVVRpSUHFLVRWHU
UD]mRHVXVWHQWiODFRPRSRGHUµ11
-XDQ'3HUyQ
1HVWH FDPLQKR QR TXDO YLPRV DQGDQGR XP REMHWLYR IXQGDPHQWDO GD
política de segurança consiste em contar com um corpo policial à altura das
FLUFXQVWkQFLDV0XLWRVHWHPHVFULWRVREUHRVSODQRVGHDWXDOL]DomRGDFRUSR11 'LVFXUVR SURQXQFLDGR HQ OD &RQIHGHUDFLyQ *HQHUDO GHO 7UDEDMR -XDQ 'RPLQJR 3HUyQ 7RGRV VXV
GLVFXUVRVPHQVDMHV\FRQIHUHQFLDV(G'HOD5HFRQVWUXFFLyQ
87
UDomRSROLFLDO1HVWHGRFXPHQWRMiDERUGDPRVDOJXPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHWDLV
SURSRVWDVDVDEHUPHOKRUWUHLQDPHQWRPDLRUYROXPHGHHTXLSDPHQWRVHSDJDPHQWRDGHTXDGRHPHVSHFLDOQRVWHPSRVDWXDLVHPTXHRIDWRUWHFQROyJLFR
WRPDYLWDOWUDQVFHQGrQFLD
1mR HVWDPRV FRQYHQFLGRV GH TXH XPD TXDQWLGDGH PDLRU GH HIHWLYRV
SROLFLDLV FRQVLJD PHOKRUDU D DWXDO VLWXDomR GH LQVHJXUDQoD $FUHGLWDPRV TXH
SULPHLUR GHYHPRV FRQKHFHU D YHUGDGHLUD GHOLPLWDomR GDV WDUHIDV GRV PLO
HIHWLYRV TXH LQWHJUDP D HVWUXWXUD GH VHJXUDQoD FRP XP SHUFHQWXDO PDLV DOWR
SRUKDELWDQWHTXHHPRXWURVSDtVHVGDUHJLmRVHPTXHLVVRPRVWUHPHOKRUDQRV
tQGLFHVGHFULPLQDOLGDGH
(PYLUWXGHGLVVRpDEVROXWDPHQWHQHFHVViULRLPSOHPHQWDUPXGDQoDV
HVWUXWXUDLVSDUDDWLQJLURREMHWLYRSURSRVWR9DOHDTXLFLWDUR3URJUDPDGDV1Do}HV8QLGDVSDUDRV$VVHQWDPHQWRV+XPDQRVRTXHVXVWHQWDDQHFHVVLGDGH
GHGHVPLOLWDUL]DomRQDIRUPDomRGDSROtFLDRXWRUJDQGROKHUHJUDVHVWUDWpJLFDV
FODUDVFRHUHQWHVHFRQVHTXHQWHVQRWHPSR
'LDQWHGHVVDSRVLomRGHLQWHJUDomRGHYHPRVGDULPSRUWkQFLDjDWXDOL]DomRGRFXUUtFXORHGXFDFLRQDOWHQGRREVHUYDGRTXHRPDWHULDOELEOLRJUiÀFR
XWLOL]DGRQRVFHQWURVGHIRUPDomRSROLFLDOGHQRWDXPDHYLGHQWHGHVDWXDOL]DomR
FRPPDLRUWHQGrQFLDjDVVLPLODomRGHFRQFHLWRVGHIRUPDHPStULFDHPYH]GH
FUtWLFD6RPHVHDLVVRDHVWUXWXUDSDUWLFXODUGDV)RUoDVGD2UGHPTXHGDGR
jVXDIRUPDomRKLHUiUTXLFDWUDGLFLRQDOWHQGHDGLVVXDGLURTXHVWLRQDPHQWRSRU
SDUWHGRHVWXGDQWHTXHDFDEDDFHLWDQGRDLQVWUXomRUHFHELGDGHIRUPDDQmR
SURYRFDURVHQWLPHQWRGHVHHVWDUDIDVWDQGRGRFRUSR1HVVHDVSHFWRpYLiYHO
SURSRUDLQWHJUDomRGRVFDGHWHVGRVGLIHUHQWHVHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRVHGXFDFLRQDLV
SROLFLDLVDXQLYHUVLGDGHVS~EOLFDVHPXPQ~PHURREULJDWyULRGHPDWpULDVSUHVHQFLDLVFRQVWLWXLQGRVHHVVDH[SHULrQFLDQmRVRPHQWHQXPDSRUWHHQULTXHFHGRUjVXDIRUPDomRDFDGrPLFDFRPRWDPEpPVHUYLQGRSDUDIRUMDUODoRVVRFLDLV
TXHRVLQWHJUHPDRVVHWRUHVGDFRPXQLGDGHRQGHÀQDOPHQWHLUmRDWXDU
(VVHGHYHVHURSULPHLURSDVVRGDGHVPLOLWDUL]DomRGDIRUoD
$RTXHMiIRLFRORFDGRGHYHPRVDFUHVFHQWDUXPDVyOLGDIRUPDomRGRV
FRUSRV SURÀVVLRQDLV HP JDUDQWLDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV H HP GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV DWXDOPHQWHGHLQFOXVmRPDUJLQDOQDIRUPDomRSROLFLDO'HYHVHLQVWDXUDUGHVGHD
IRUPDomRLQLFLDORFRQFHLWRGHLQDGPLVVLELOLGDGHGHVXDYLRODomRSRUSDUWHGR
SROLFLDOQRHQWHQGLPHQWRGHTXHRFRQMXQWRGHQRUPDVGHYHVHUFXPSULGRHP
VXD WRWDOLGDGH H GH TXH WRGR R SURFHGLPHQWR TXH Dt VH HQTXDGUH JR]DUi GH
88
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
SOHQDOHJDOLGDGHPDVTXHVHIXJLUDRVSUHFHLWRVOHJDLVVHUiVDQFLRQDGRHSHQDOL]DGRSRGHQGRDFDUUHWDUSHUGDHLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGHGDUSURVVHJXLPHQWRj
DomRMXGLFLDOTXHVHUiFRQVLGHUDGDQXODSRUFRQWDGDIDOWDFRPHWLGD
Como parte importante de toda essa agenda relacionada à instituição
SROLFLDOGHYHPRVFRQWHPSODURGXSORREMHWLYRGHUHVWDXUDUDFRQÀDQoDS~EOLFD
QDLQVWLWXLomRSRUSDUWHGDFLGDGDQLDHPJHUDOHGRWDUVHXVLQWHJUDQWHVGDIRUoD
PRUDOQHFHVViULDSDUDRFXPSULPHQWRGHVXDIXQomRLQDPRYtYHOGHQWURGR(VWDGRFRPRGL]9RQ&ODXVHZLW]´$LPSRUWkQFLDGDVIRUoDVPRUDLVHVXDLQÁXrQFLD
PXLWDVYH]HVLQYHURVVtPLOHVWiFRPSURYDGDQDKLVWyULDµ12
&RPRPDLRUDSRUWHjWUDQVIRUPDomRGDSROtFLDUHVWDDQDOLVDUFRPRHOHPHQWRGDVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFDDDWXDomRFRWLGLDQDGDLQVWLWXLomR(PWDOVHQWLGRp
no Destacamento ou no Comissariado que transcorre a maior parte da capacitaomRGRWUHLQDPHQWRHGDH[HFXomRGDVWDUHIDVGLiULDVFRPRFLWD7DYRVQDQVND13
HpWDPEpPDOLRQGHDFRPXQLGDGHWHPPDLRULQWHUDomRFRPDLQVWLWXLomR$VVLP
HQFRQWUDPRQRVGLDQWHGDQHFHVVLGDGHGHGHWHUPLQDUFRPRVHSURGX]DVHOHomR GRV DOWRV PDQGRV SROLFLDLV TXH YHUGDGH VHMD GLWD FDUHFHP KRMH HP GLD
GHXPSURFHVVRVHOHWLYRFODURHDEHUWRVHQGRRRUJDQRJUDPDSROLFLDOGHFLGLGR
PHGLDQWHUHVROXomRHSUpYLDUHYLVmRGRGRVVLrSHVVRDOGRDVSLUDQWHSRUSDUWH
GRGHSDUWDPHQWRGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVPDVUHSHWLPRVVHPREHGHFHUDFULWpULRVREMHWLYRVUHDLVHSUHYDOHFHQGRPXLWDVYH]HVFULWpULRVVXEMHWLYRVTXHQDGD
têm a ver com a verdadeira idoneidade ou com a ordem de mérito daquele que
ÀQDOPHQWHVHUiGHVLJQDGR
3RULVVRGHIHQGHPRVXPDSURIXQGDPRGLÀFDomRQDIRUPDGHVHOHomR
GRVFDUJRVKLHUiUTXLFRVGHYHQGRLPSOHPHQWDUVHXPVLVWHPDTXH WUDJDSXEOLFLGDGHDRDWRHOHWLYRFRPFRQKHFLPHQWRGRVDQWHFHGHQWHVGRVFDQGLGDWRV
FRPH[LELomRGDVGHFODUDo}HVMXUDPHQWDGDVGHOHVHGHVHXVF{QMXJHVSHUPLWLQGRDSDUWLFLSDomRGHRUJDQL]Do}HVQmRJRYHUQDPHQWDLVQRTXHVWLRQDPHQWR
GRFDQGLGDWRXVDQGRVHDLQWHUQHWHRXSXEOLFDo}HVORFDLVGHIRUPDDSHUPLWLU
XPDDXGLrQFLDS~EOLFDSUpYLDQDTXDORVYL]LQKRVSRVVDPWRPDUFRQKHFLPHQWR
GDVSURSRVWDVHGRVSRQWRVGHYLVWDGRVFDQGLGDWRV
Acreditamos que a inclusão dos cidadãos na eleição das autoridades
SROLFLDLV QmR VRPHQWH JHUD PDLRU WUDQVSDUrQFLD QD RUGHP GH VHOHomR FRPR
WDPEpPFRQIHUHUHDOLQFHQWLYRDRVSROLFLDLVTXHGHYHPPHUHFHUVXDVSRVVLEL12 'HOD*XHUUD.DUOYRQ&ODXVHZLW](GLFLRQHV/LEHUWDGRUS
13 2EUDDQWHULRUPHQWHFLWDGDS
89
OLGDGHVGHDFHVVRDRVPi[LPRVFDUJRVHPIXQomRGHDQWHFHGHQWHVSURÀVVLRQDLVHUHODo}HVFRPDFRPXQLGDGHHYLWDQGRDVVLPÀFDUHPjPHUFrGDSROtWLFD
LQWHUQDLQVWLWXFLRQDO2VLVWHPDSURSRVWRQmRWHPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHHVFROKD
GRVFKHIHVSROLFLDLVFRPRQRPXQGRDQJORVD[mRPDVSHUPLWHXPDLQVHUomRGR
FLGDGmRQDHOHLomRGRVHX[HULIHORFDO
6HUYLoR3HQLWHQFLiULR
Já abordamos neste documento a situação de desassossego que vive
RVLVWHPDSHQLWHQFLiULRDUJHQWLQRSRUpPDPDWpULDPHUHFHULDXPWUDEDOKRSDUWLFXODU'HQWURGRHVFRSRGHVWHGRFXPHQWRTXHUHPRVID]HUXPDEUHYHUHÁH[mR
HPUHODomRjVFRQVHTXrQFLDVHjFRQWULEXLomRTXHRVLVWHPDSHQLWHQFLiULRWUD]j
LQVHJXUDQoDUHLQDQWHSURSRQGRDOJXPDVGLUHWUL]HVSDUDVXDPHOKRULD,QFRQWHVWDYHOPHQWHGHYHVHUHJLVWUDUDQHFHVVLGDGHGHSURPRYHUDGLYXOJDomRDRVFLGDGmRVGDVFRQGLo}HVDWXDLVGRVLVWHPD7DPEpPHPLGrQWLFRVHQWLGRpQHFHVsário que os agentes do sistema de administração do Estado tomem verdadeiro
FRQKHFLPHQWRGRQtYHOGHGHWHULRUDomRTXHKRMHHQFRQWUDPRVQRVLVWHPD&RPR
SURSRVWDSRGHUtDPRVVXJHULUDRUJDQL]DomRGHYLVLWDVSHULyGLFDVGRVPHPEURV
GRV 3RGHUHV /HJLVODWLYRV DRV HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRV FDUFHUiULRV SRGHQGRVH WDPEpPDJUHJDUWDOSURJUDPDDRVFROpJLRVSURÀVVLRQDLVDRVVHWRUHVFOHULFDLVjV
RUJDQL]Do}HVVHPÀQVOXFUDWLYRVHjVLQVWLWXLo}HVXQLYHUVLWiULDVGDGRTXHD~QLFDIRUPDGHHODERUDUVROXo}HVpWHUXPFDEDOHQWHQGLPHQWRGRFRQÁLWRDUHVROYHU
(PVHJXQGROXJDUGHYHPVHLPSODQWDUSURJUDPDVFRQWtQXRVGHIRUPDomRHPGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVWDOFRPRVXJHULGRSDUDRVFXUVRVGHDJHQWHVSROLFLDLV
2 SHVVRDO SHQLWHQFLiULR SUHFLVD VHU FRQVFLHQWL]DGR GH TXH R FXPSULPHQWR GH
XPDSHQDQmRGHYHWUD]HUMXQWRXPDFHVVyULRGHWRUWXUDFRPRHOHPHQWRFRPSOHPHQWDU6RPHQWHDVVLPSRGHVHWHUDH[SHFWDWLYDGHORJUDUXPDUHLQVHUomR
GRVLQWHUQRVSDUDFRQWrORVHPVHXUHJUHVVRjYLGDFLYLOFRPSRVVLELOLGDGHVGH
YHUGDGHLUDUHLQVHUomR~WLO0XLWRVHWHPIDODGRGHXPVLVWHPDSURJUHVVLVWDQR
TXHGL]UHVSHLWRDQRUPDVHGRXWULQDVDHOHUHODFLRQDGR(FKHJDGDDKRUDGH
DYDQoDUGRVGLVFXUVRVjDomR
&RQIRUPHGL])RXFDXOWRWUDEDOKRGHYHVHUXPGRVHOHPHQWRVHVVHQFLDLVQDWUDQVIRUPDomRHVRFLDOL]DomRGRVLQWHUQRV/DPHQWDYHOPHQWHHPQRVVR
VLVWHPDFDUFHUiULRXPSHUFHQWXDOPXLWRSHTXHQRGDSRSXODomRJR]DGDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHSUDWLFDURXDSUHQGHUXPWUDEDOKRHVHDLVVRVRPDUPRVDVHVFDVVDV
90
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
SRVVLELOLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVTXHGLVS}HPSRGHPRVVXSRUTXHDRVDLUGDSULVmR
RVH[GHWHQWRVWHQGHPDUHWRPDUVXDDQWLJDDWLYLGDGHFRPRDJUDYDQWHGHKDYHUHPWLGRXPDSHUIHLoRDPHQWRQDVDUWHVGDGHOLQTXrQFLDHQRFRQKHFLPHQWRGH
RXWURVFRQVRUWHVGHFDXVD
6HHVVHFLFORQmRIRULQWHUURPSLGRVHUiLPSRVVtYHOUHGX]LUDVHVWDWtVWLFDV
GHUHLQFLGrQFLD1HVVHVHQWLGRGHYHVHJDUDQWLURFXPSULPHQWRGDOHLHDUHLQVHUomRUHDOGRLQWHUQRQDYLGDFLYLOVHPWHPRUjVUHIXWDo}HVTXHWDLVREMHWLYRV
JHUDPQDSUiWLFDHPUHODomRjUHVWULomRRUoDPHQWiULD&RQVLGHUDPRVTXHWRGR
programa começa na sua intenção de implantação e que o resultado imediato
pRGHUHGX]LURQtYHOGHFRQÁLWRLQWHUQRGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVSHQDLVHPSURSRUo}HV
FRQVLGHUiYHLVSRGHQGRSDUDGR[DOPHQWHUHGX]LUDGRWDomRGHVWLQDGDjVXDFRQWHQomR'HYHPRVVHUFRQVFLHQWHVGHTXHSDUDDVLQVWLWXLo}HVSUHSDUDGDVSDUDD
UHSUHHQVmRHVWD~OWLPDDomRpPDLVFRHUHQWHDVHXHVStULWRGRTXHRXWUDVDLQGD
TXHSXGHVVHPWUD]HUOKHPDLVEHQHItFLRV
eLQHJiYHODGLYHUVLGDGHGHFDXVDVTXHLQFLGHPQRDXPHQWRGDVFRQGXWDV GHOLWLYDV DWXDLV 3URFXUDPRV VLQDOL]DU VXPDULDPHQWH QHVWH WUDEDOKR GRLV
WLSRV GH IDWRUHV TXH FRPS}HP D JrQHVH GR SUREOHPD 'H XPD SDUWH XP GH
caráter mais intangível e com menores possibilidades de poder transmutar a
GDGRVFLHQWtÀFRVTXHpDGHWHULRUDomRGRWHFLGRVRFLDOHGDLQVWLWXLomRIDPLOLDU
HPSDUWLFXODUWHQGRFRPRVHXVDVSHFWRVPDLVYLVtYHLVDPDUJLQDOLGDGHHDH[FOXVmRVRFLDO7RGDDDERUGDJHPjTXHVWmRGHVGHDSURSRVWDGHSROtWLFDVGH
(VWDGRGHYHUiWHUHVVHFRPSRQHQWHFRPRREMHWLYRGHUHFRQVWUXomR6HPXPD
YLVmRVRFLDOTXHIRUWLÀTXHRTXHGHQRPLQDPRVFDSLWDOVRFLDOWRGDVDVPHGLGDV
FRQFUHWDVTXHGHVHQYROYHUPRVHH[HFXWDUPRVQRSODQRGHDomRVHUmROLPLWDGDV
HQmRFKHJDUmRDUHVXOWDGRVSRVLWLYRV'HRXWUDSDUWHYLPRVXPDVpULHGHIDWRUHVFRQFUHWRVWDLVFRPRRGHVHPSUHJRDHGXFDomRRWUiÀFRRXVRHDEXVRGH
iOFRROHGHHVWXSHIDFLHQWHVDVVLPFRPRRVVLVWHPDVSROLFLDLVHSHQLWHQFLiULRV
TXHDQDOLVDPRVDQWHULRUPHQWH(WRGDVDVYH]HVH[SUHVVDPRVDGLÀFXOGDGHHP
desentranhar os temas de maneira a propor soluções de peso para cada um
GHVVHVSRQWRVRTXHUHVXOWDVHUXPDWDUHIDKHUF~OHDTXHVySRGHPRVUHVROYHU
FRPRDX[tOLRGDVSUySULDVLQVWLWXLo}HVGRVSURÀVVLRQDLVHGRVHVSHFLDOLVWDVQD
PDWpULDGDFRPXQLGDGHHPJHUDOHDLQGDUHFRUUHQGRDRUJDQL]Do}HVWUDQVQDFLRQDLVQDQHFHVVLGDGHGHÀ[DUYHUGDGHLUDVSROtWLFDVGH(VWDGRTXHQmRVHMDP
SDUWLGiULDVHQmRGHSHQGDPGRSRGHUHPH[HUFtFLR
3DUDTXHVHFKHJXHGHIDWRDLPSOHPHQWDUXPDVROXomRGHr[LWRQmRp
91
Estratégias Comunicacionais em Matéria de Segurança Pública para América Latina. (A Cultura da Legalidade)
LQVHQVDWRSHQVDUQDQHFHVVLGDGHGHVHFRQVWLWXLUGHQWURGROHTXHGHyUJmRVGR
3RGHU([HFXWLYRXPDDJrQFLDGHFRRUGHQDomRHGHH[HFXomRGRVSURJUDPDV
SURSRVWRVDTXDOGHYHUiSURYHUDOLJDomRQHFHVViULDFRPDVIRUoDVGDRUGHP
e com as penitenciárias e também coordenar as temáticas e pontos em comum
GHVHQYROYLGDVFRPRVPLQLVWpULRVGD6D~GHH(GXFDomRFRPR3RGHU/HJLVODWLYRFRPRVRUJDQLVPRVHDJrQFLDVGHGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVDVVLPFRPRFRPDVHQWLGDGHVSURYHGRUDVGHGDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRVFRQÀiYHLVH~WHLV'HYHPRVWDPEpP
HQYROYHUDFRPXQLGDGHHPVHXVGLIHUHQWHVkPELWRVRUJDQL]DWLYRVVXEOLQKDQGR
TXHWDODJrQFLDQmRGHYHÀFDUVXEPHWLGDjVVHFUHWDULDVGH6HJXUDQoDRXDyUJmRVVLPLODUHVGDGRTXHVXDIXQomRQmRVHUiMXULVGLFLRQDOPDVGHIRUPXODomR
HFRRUGHQDomRGHSODQRVLQWHJUDLVFRPRDSURYHLWDPHQWRGHWRGRVRVUHFXUVRV
H[LVWHQWHVGR(VWDGRSDUDDVVLPSDUWLFLSDUGRHVIRUoRTXHGHYHVHULQWHJUDOSDUD
SRVVLELOLWDUVHXr[LWR
92
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
10
Estratégias Comunicacionais
HP0DWpULDGH6HJXUDQoD
3~EOLFDSDUD$PpULFD/DWLQD
$&XOWXUDGD/HJDOLGDGH
Deputado Nacional da República Argentina
6HJXLQGRDVOLo}HVGHXPJUDQGHOtGHUGRQRVVRSDtVRH[SUHVLGHQWH
3HUyQTXHPGL]LDTXHD~QLFDYHUGDGHpDUHDOLGDGHJRVWDULDGHDSURYHLWDUHVWH
VHPLQiULRSDUDGHEDWHUFRPWRGRVYRFrVVREUHRTXHHTXDQWRGHYHUGDGHH[LVWH
QHVVDUHDOLGDGHQD$PpULFD/DWLQDTXHQRVLQYDGHHjVYH]HVVDWXUDGHLQIRUPDomRHGHPHWDPHQVDJHQV"3DUDUHVSRQGHUjSHUJXQWDYRXGHWHUPLQDUDOJXPDV
SURSRVWDVSDUDTXHIXQFLRQiULRVHHVSHFLDOLVWDVGDUHJLmRVXODPHULFDQDWUDEDOKHP HP DOJXPDV HVWUDWpJLDV FRPXQLFDFLRQDLV SRUTXH D FHUWH]D HVWi HP WHU
XPFRPSRQHQWHGHYLVLELOLGDGH1mRSRGHGHL[DUGHFKHJDUjSRSXODomR([LVWH
GLVWRUomR H PDQLSXODomR QD FRPXQLFDomR VRFLDO H QHP VHPSUH FRVWXPD VHU
LQRFHQWHLQJrQXDRXQmRLQWHQFLRQDO
&RQFHLWRVH0DUFR7HyULFR
6HJXQGR R ÀOyVRIR DUJHQWLQR 6DQWLDJR .RYDGORII D UHDOLGDGH H[FHGH
VHPSUH DV DSWLG}HV DQDOtWLFDV GD FRQVFLrQFLD (VVD UHDOLGDGH FDEH QR TXH
p GLWR RX QR TXH p LQWHUSUHWDGR (P RFDVL}HV LQWHUSUHWDVH D UHDOLGDGH SDUD
WRUQiOD PDLV LQWHOLJtYHO GHYLGR j VXD FRPSOH[LGDGH PDV DL FRPHoD R ULVFR
GHGHIRUPiOD(PRXWUDVRFDVL}HVpLPSRVVtYHOFRPSUHHQGHUDOJXQVIDWRVGD
UHDOLGDGHHVHGL]TXHHODYDLDOpPGDLPDJLQDomRQHVWHVFDVRVLVWRGHSHQGH
PXLWRGRVXMHLWR
2XWURFRQFHLWRqDGLVWLQomRHQWUHDWXDOLGDGHHSUHVHQWH$atualidade é
XPDDOXYLmRGHIDWRVTXHDFRQWHFHPGLDDSyVGLD2SUHVHQWHSRURXWUDSDUWH
pXPDFRQVWUXomRSHUPDQHQWHPRGHODGDSHODVOLQKDVHVWUXWXUDLVTXHDFXVDP
DGLUHomRGRPLQDQWHVHJXLGDSHORVDFRQWHFLPHQWRVGDDWXDOLGDGH2XVHMDR
SUHVHQWHpDOJRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHTXHVHQXWUHGHRXWURVHOHPHQWRVWDLVFRPRR
93
FRQWH[WRHRQGHpSRVVtYHOLQFLGLU3RURXWUDSDUWHWHPRVDDWXDOLGDGHTXHFDPLQKDVR]LQKDQLQJXpPDFRQWURODpDVRPDGRVIDWRVLQGLYLGXDLVHLVRODGRVRQGH
QLQJXpPLQWHUYpPjH[FHomRGHVHXVSUySULRVDWRUHV
3RULVVRRIXWXURQmRpVRPHQWHRSRUYLURXDTXLORTXHDFRQWHFHUiLQH[RUDYHOPHQWHPDVWDPEpPDTXLORTXHVRPRVFDSD]HVGHFRQVWUXLU3RUWDOPRWLYR
nos propomos a desenhar algumas estratégias para que o presente do amanhã
VHMDPHOKRUTXHRDWXDOHRIXWXURQmRVHMDRTXHQmRFRQVHJXLPRVID]HUDJRUD
([LVWHXPDUHDOLGDGHTXHPDUWHODWRGRVRVSDtVHVGDUHJLmRHTXHSHQHWUDQDVFLGDGHVHPQRVVDVFDVDVHPQRVVDVIDPtOLDVSRUYH]HVGHIRUPD
GLUHWD PHGLDQWH DOJXP IDWR GHVDIRUWXQDGR RX LQGLUHWDPHQWH SHORV PHLRV GH
FRPXQLFDomR 4XDOTXHU TXH VHMD D IRUPD HP TXH HVVD UHDOLGDGH SHQHWUD HP
QRVVRV ODUHV H FRPXQLGDGHV GHYHPRV FRQVHJXLU UHYHUWHOD SRUTXH QRV DIHWD
JUDYHPHQWHFRPRVRFLHGDGHFRPRJUXSRKXPDQR3DUDFRQFUHWL]iORGHYHPRV
WUDEDOKDUVREUHDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPDIRUWHGHFLVmRSROtWLFDDSDUWLUGDVDJHQFLDVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVHQIUHQWDQGRRÁDJHORGDLQVHJXUDQoDSUHYHQomRRXLQWHUYHQomR1mRKiG~YLGDVDHVWHUHVSHLWRGLDJQyVWLFRHSURSRVWDVmRFRPXQVD
WRGRVRVSDtVHVGDUHJLmRVXODPHULFDQD
2VHVSHFLDOLVWDVH[SXVHUDPGLIHUHQWHVSURSRVWDVGHOXWDFRQWUDRFULPH
SDUWLQGRGDEDVHGHXPGHQRPLQDGRUFRPXPDDPHDoDpJUDQGHHDIHWDQmR
VyDYLGDDOLEHUGDGHRXDWUDQTXLOLGDGHGDVSHVVRDVPDVHPPXLWRVFDVRV
DWHQWDFRQWUDDSUySULDH[LVWrQFLDGDVQDo}HV2FULPHQmRWHPIURQWHLUDVQHP
OLPLWHVItVLFRVLQWHOHFWXDLVLGHROyJLFRVVRFLDLVHFRQ{PLFRVRXFXOWXUDLV7RGRV
QRVVHQWLPRVYXOQHUiYHLVHHOHSHQHWUDHPWRGRVRVHVWUDWRVVRFLDLV$OpPGLVVR
VRPRVFRQVFLHQWHVGHTXHRSUREOHPDDXPHQWDGLDDSyVGLD
(QFRQWUDVHHPMRJRDFRQYLYrQFLDVRFLDOHDSUySULDH[LVWrQFLDGRVLVWHPDSROtWLFRTXHWDPEpPVRIUHDFULVHGLDQWHGDLPSRWrQFLDSRLVQmRKD(VWDGR
TXHQmRVHVLQWDVHPVDtGDGLDQWHGDLQVHJXUDQoD+iDOJXQVDQRVDVDPHDoDV
jV QRVVDV QDo}HV HUDP RV JROSHV GH HVWDGR H DV LUUXSo}HV PLOLWDUHV KRMH D
GHPRFUDFLDSRGHULDHVWDUHP[HTXHGHYLGRDRFULPHVHJXQGRTXDVHWRGDVDV
SHVTXLVDV6HDLVWRDFUHVFHQWDUPRVRXVRVHQVDFLRQDOLVWDTXHDOJXQVPHLRVGH
FRPXQLFDomRID]HPGRVIDWRVFULPLQDLVRSUREOHPDVHPXOWLSOLFDQRWDYHOPHQWH
(DTXLFKHJDPRVDRSRQWRIXQGDPHQWDODTXHVWmRGRVPDVVPHGLDRXFRPR
WHUXPDERDHVWUDWpJLDFRPXQLFDFLRQDOQDOXWDFRQWUDRFULPH
94
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Uma das grandes preocupações da atividade governamental está relaFLRQDGDFRPDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHUHYHUWHUHVVH´FOLPDGHPHGRµRXDTXLORTXHQD
$UJHQWLQDpFKDPDGRGH´VHQVDomRGHLQVHJXUDQoDµHTXHIUHTXHQWHPHQWHRULJLQDDVQRWLFLDVGHVPHVXUDGDVDLPSUHQVDPDUURPDH[FLWDomRVySDUDDOFDQoDU
PDLRUHVQtYHLVGHYHQGDMRUQDOtVWLFDFRPHUFLDORXGHDXGLrQFLD
2PHGRGHVDLUQDVUXDVDQGDUVR]LQKRQRVFHQWURVXUEDQRVYLDMDUHP
WUDQVSRUWHS~EOLFRFDUUHJDUREMHWRVGHYDORUjPRVWUDDPHDoDRVYtQFXORVGH
FRQYLYrQFLD KXPDQD RX R UHODFLRQDPHQWR VRFLDO (VVD ´JUDQGH UXSWXUDµ HQWUH
RVLQGLYtGXRVRVWRUQDPDLVGHVFRQÀDGRVPDLVSUHFDYLGRVPDVWDPEpPPDLV
LQGHIHVRVHYXOQHUiYHLV9LYHPRVFRPWHPRUHDQJ~VWLDSHORTXHSRGHDFRQWHFHU
DTXDOTXHUPRPHQWRHHPTXDOTXHUOXJDU2FXVWRGDYLROrQFLDQmRpDYDOLiYHO
VRPHQWHHPSRQWRVSHUFHQWXDLVGR3,%QD$PpULFD/DWLQDpGHHQTXDQWR
TXHQRVSDtVHVGHVHQYROYLGRVQmRVXSHUD$TXLORTXHGHYHVHUPHGLGRpD
SHUGDGHYLGDVKXPDQDVGHWUDQTXLOLGDGHGHWHPSRGHSDWULP{QLRGHOLEHUGDGHHWF1mRVmRVRPHQWHHVWDWtVWLFDVVmRUHDOLGDGHV
3RU~OWLPRSRGHVHREVHUYDUTXHDVLGHRORJLDVSRGHPDIHWDUDSUySULD
FRQYLYrQFLDKXPDQDTXDQGRDVSRVLo}HVWHyULFDVRXGRJPiWLFDVVmRUDGLFDOL]DGDVHVHGHL[DGHSULRUL]DUDVSROtWLFDVGHHVWDGRSDUDHQIUHQWDURGHOLWR2
importante é colocar todo o aparato estatal à procura de melhores resultados
SDUDPHOKRUDUDYLGDGDSRSXODomR
eHVVHQFLDOSURSRUDOJXPDVPXGDQoDVGHSDUDGLJPD2GHOLWRHRFULPHRUJDQL]DGRWUDQVQDFLRQDOHLQWHUQRSRUYH]HVVXSHUDPDFDSDFLGDGHGRV
JRYHUQRVGHFRQWUROiORVHSHUVHJXLORVSRQGRDGHVFREHUWRRVIUDFDVVRVGDV
SROtWLFDVVRFLDLVHHFRQ{PLFDVEHPFRPRDVGHGHIHVDHGHHGXFDomR+RMHVH
SHUFHEHTXHDVFRPXQLGDGHVDWXDPSRUFRQWDSUySULDUHFRUUHQGRjVHJXUDQoD
SULYDGDPRUDQGRHPEDLUURVIHFKDGRVRXPLJUDQGRSDUDOXJDUHVPDLVVHJXURV
$VVROXo}HVGHSHQGHPGHFDGDOXJDUHGHFDGDFRQWH[WRYDLGHSHQGHUGHHVWDUPRVHPXPDFLGDGHSHTXHQDRXHPXPDJUDQGHXUEHGHFRPRFDGDSHVVRD
VHSURWHJHRXGDSULRULGDGHTXHDVDXWRULGDGHVGmRDHVWDTXHVWmR
2WHPDpLQÀQLWRSDUDDGLVFXVVmRVHRSODQHMDPHQWRGHYHVHUUHJLRQDORXORFDO VHRVQtYHLVGHLQIRUPDomR GRVFULPHVWUDQVQDFLRQDLV GHYHPVHU
DEHUWRVRXIHFKDGRVRÀQDQFLDPHQWRGDVLQYHVWLJDo}HVHDFRRSHUDomRLQWHUQDFLRQDOVHDSUHYHQomRGHYHVHUGHL[DGDHPPmRVDRVQtYHLVORFDLVSRUPHLR
GHSROtWLFDVFRPXQLWiULDVRXGHXPDPDLRUSDUWLFLSDomRGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLORX
95
GHFRPRGHYHPVHUHVWDEHOHFLGRVRVOLPLWHVGHVHJXUDQoDSULYDGDFRPEDWHUD
SREUH]DHDGHVLJXDOGDGHDFHVVDUPHOKRUHVQtYHLVGHWHFQRORJLDHFDSDFLWDomR
GDVIRUoDVSROLFLDLVDOpPGHLQWHJUiODVPHOKRUjVFRPXQLGDGHVFRPRIRUWDOHFHUPDLVRVYDORUHVGHVROLGDULHGDGHHSURWHomRGRVPDLVYXOQHUiYHLVHWF
2YHOKRSDUDGLJPDGDVSROtWLFDVDEUDQJHQWHVGHSUHYHQomRHDVTXDWUREDVHVGDVSROtWLFDVGHLQWHUYHQomRHVWDWDOD,QVWLWXLomR3ROLFLDOE6HUYLoR
3HQLWHQFLiULRF3URFHGLPHQWRV3HQDLVHG,QVWLWXLomR-XGLFLDOTXHFRQVWLWXtDP R VLVWHPD JOREDO GH SHUVHJXLomR H DMXL]DPHQWR SHQDO DWXDOPHQWH HVWDrão impotentes na luta contra o crime se cada uma das ações não estiver
DFRPSDQKDGD SRU XPD HVWUDWpJLD FRPXQLFDFLRQDO TXH D GHIHQGD H SURPRYD7DPEpPH[LVWHXPDFRQWUDHVWUDWpJLDPHGLiWLFDGHVWLQDGDDSRWHQFLDUGH
IRUPD LUUHVSRQViYHO DV TXHVW}HV FULPLQDLV LQFOXVLYH GHIHQGHQGR FULPLQDLV H
DSUHVHQWDQGRRV FRPR YtWLPDV GH XP VLVWHPD TXH RV WRUQD UHIpQV DOpP GR
VHQVDFLRQDOLVPR H GR H[FHVVR GH LQIRUPDomR YLQFXODGD D IDWRV VDQJUHQWRV
PyUELGRVRXGHDJUHVVmRYLROHQWD
3RUWDLVPRWLYRVpQHFHVViULRGHVWDFDUDLPSRUWkQFLDGRFRPSRQHQWH
GDYLVLELOLGDGHQDVSROtWLFDVGHVHJXUDQoDVREUHDVTXDLVDOpPGHWXGRpH[HUFLGRXPIRUWHFRQWUROHRXPRQLWRUDPHQWRSRUSDUWHGDTXHOHVTXHDVH[HFXWDP$
IDVHFRPXQLFDFLRQDOpWmRLPSRUWDQWHTXHGHYHHVWDUDJUHJDGDLQH[RUDYHOPHQWH
DRVGLIHUHQWHVQtYHLVGHSODQHMDPHQWRRUJDQL]DomRH[HFXomRHLQWHUYHQomRGD
DomRHVWDWDOHPkPELWRQDFLRQDOSURYLQFLDORXORFDOPXQLFLSDORXGDSUHIHLWXUD
A comunicação deve ser considerada na implementação de um pequeno proJUDPD GH GHOHJDFLD PRGHOR QDV MXQWDV GH VHJXUDQoD GR EDLUUR QRV DODUPHV
FRPXQLWiULRVQDVDo}HVGHVGREUDGDVHPSURFHGLPHQWRVFRQWUDRFULPHRUJDQL]DGRFRPRPiÀDVJUXSRVRXEDQGRVHQDUFRWUDÀFDQWHVSDUDTXHDSRSXODomR
ÀTXHVXÀFLHQWHPHQWHLQIRUPDGDHSRVVDYHULÀFDUSRVLWLYDPHQWHDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVGRDFLRQDPHQWRGDSROtFLDHVXDUHSHUFXVVmRIDYRUiYHOQDiUHD
(VWHVGHVDÀRVMXVWLÀFDPSRUVLPHVPRVRHVIRUoRGHQRVVDDQiOLVH
SRUTXHRGHVJRVWRDSHUGDGHDXWRHVWLPDHDFUHQoDQRDEDQGRQRGDDomRHVtatal podem estar se apoderando do espírito de luta cotidiana de nossos povos
HDOLpRQGHVHID]PDLVQHFHVViULDDSUHVHQoDFRPXQLFDFLRQDO
+RMHHQIUHQWDPRVXPIHQ{PHQRTXHpPXLWRSLRUGRTXHDGURJDHp
DMXVWLÀFDWLYDGRFULPHFRPEDVHQDDXVrQFLDGHFXOSD2EVHUYDPRVXPQRYR
VXMHLWRTXHJR]DFRPRPDODOKHLRSRUTXHVHVHQWHVDXGiYHOHSRUHVVDUD]mR
VHDSURSULDGDTXLORTXHQmROKHFRUUHVSRQGHHQWUHRXWUDVFRLVDV$OpPGLVVR
96
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
VXVWHQWDTXHR(VWDGRQmROKHRIHUHFHWUDEDOKRHGXFDomRRXVD~GHVLWXDomR
HVWDPXLWRSHULJRVDSRUTXHHOLPLQDRSXGRUHDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGH
2VHQWLPHQWRGRVXMHLWRTXHURXEDRXPDWDpRGHDFUHGLWDUTXHQmRID]
PDOQHPSUHMXGLFDDYtWLPD6XVWHQWDTXHID]MXVWLoDSRUFRQWDSUySULDSRUTXH
H[LVWHXPDVRFLHGDGHTXHRH[FOXLXHTXHQmRWHPDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHVHLQWHJUDU
VRFLDOPHQWHDVVLPQmRDVVXPHQHQKXPSDSHODWLYReSURYiYHOTXHFRPDH[HFXomRGDSHQDQRVFHQWURVSHQLWHQFLiULRVDGTXLUDQRYRVKiELWRVTXHRODQoDP
FDGDYH]PDLVQRFULPHHQDPDUJLQDOLGDGH
(VWHQRYRGHVDÀRWHPYiULDVRULJHQV3RUXPODGRRVPHLRVGHFRPXnicação de massa que não hesitam em bombardear a população com noticias
UHODFLRQDGDVDIDWRVVDQJUHQWRVVHTXHVWURVHURXERVYLROHQWRVSRURXWURRV
GHQRPLQDGRVSUHFRQFHLWRVLGHROyJLFRVGHFHUWRVJUXSRVGHDQiOLVHLQWHOHFWXDO TXH VH DXWRGHQRPLQDP SURJUHVVLVWDV H TXH DWHQWDP H GHVTXDOLÀFDP SHUPDQHQWHPHQWHDDXWRULGDGHSROtWLFDGDYH]HDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHQFDUUHJDGDVGH
ID]HUUHVSHLWDUDOHLHDRUGHPS~EOLFDRXVHMDDMXVWLoDHDSROtFLD([LVWHP
outros grupos de interesses particulares que trabalham protegendo ou tutelanGR FHUWRV FRUUHGRUHV LOHJDLV H TXH HQWUH RXWUDV FRLVDV SURPRYHP R XVR GH
GURJDVRXSUiWLFDVGHDWLYLGDGHVIURQWHLULoDVWDLVFRPRRWUiÀFRGHSHVVRDVD
SURVWLWXLomRLQIDQWLODODYDJHPGHGLQKHLURRWUiÀFRGHDUPDVHSRUYH]HVDWp
PHVPRRWHUURULVPR
(VVHXVRLQGHYLGRGHQRWLFLDVRXVHQVDFLRQDOLVPRID]GHFDLURkQLPRHD
YRQWDGHGHSDUWLFLSDomRGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLODOpPGLVWRRVPDXVWUDWRVRXDGHVTXDOLÀFDomRQDDWXDomRGDVIRUoDVSROLFLDLVDIHWDPJUDYHPHQWHDFUHGLELOLGDGHH
DFRQÀDQoDGDVSHVVRDV
6XUJH R PDLV JUDYH LVWR p D GLVWRUomR RX IDOVLÀFDomR GH YDORUHV TXH
perseguem a troca desses mesmos valores por outras condutas ou hábitos que
SHUPLWDPJHQHUDOL]DUQRYRVHVTXHPDVLQWHOHFWXDLVHSURYRFDUXPDPXWDomRQD
DFHLWDomRGHVLWXDo}HVTXHPXLWRVFRQVLGHUDPVHPYDORUQmRVyLQGLYLGXDOPHQWHPDVWDPEpPFROHWLYDHVRFLDOPHQWH5HÀURPHDQRYDVHVFRODVSHQDLVHSURFHVVXDLVTXHDSDUHFHPQRGLUHLWRSHQDOPRGHUQR$VVLPVHUiSRVVtYHOGLVFXWLU
VHpPHOKRUDSROtWLFDGHWROHUkQFLD]HURRXDSUHYHQomRGRVGHOLWRVHGHVXDV
FDXVDV(WDPEpPSRGHUHPRVDQDOLVDUDLQWHUYHQomRPtQLPDQRXVRGDIRUoDRX
VLVWHPDVGHFRQWUROHVRFLDOSRUPHLRGHPRQLWRUDPHQWRFRPFkPHUDVHPORFDLV
S~EOLFRVYtGHRYLJLOkQFLDVHJXUDQoDSULYDGDHWF0DVDTXLORTXHVXEMD]FRPR
QHFHVVLGDGHXUJHQWHHLPSHULRVDDOpPGHOLGDUFRPGHOLQTXHQWHVRXUpXVGHXP
97
GHOLWRpRGHYHUGHOLGDUWDPEpPFRPDVYtWLPDVSRUYH]HVPXLWRDXVHQWHVGDV
SROtWLFDVSXEOLFDVHGRVLVWHPDSURFHVVXDOSHQDO'HYHPRVGLULJLUQRVVRVHVIRUoRV
SDUDDVYtWLPDVHPSUROGHPDQWHURXFRQVHJXLUPHOKRUDURVQtYHLVGHFRQYLYrQFLD
HGHUHVSHLWRHQWUHQyVSRUTXHRFULPHFRQWLQXDFUHVFHQGRQXPHULFDPHQWHHHP
JUDXGHYLROrQFLDHGLPLQXLQGRHPUHODomRjLGDGHGHVHXVDXWRUHV
9DPRVLQFRUSRUDUXPQRYRDWRUQDGLVFXVVmRHQRGHEDWHRVPHLRVGH
FRPXQLFDomR 6DEHPRV TXH HVWHV VmR PDLV GR TXH LPSRUWDQWHV QD GHÀQLomR
GDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVSRUTXHVmREHPRULHQWDGRVVmRGLULJLGRVSDUDDRSLQLmR
S~EOLFD(VWDSRGHSRUYH]HVFRPHoDUDGHFLGLURYHUGDGHLURVXMHLWRDRTXDO
GHYHHVWDUGLULJLGDDDomRGR(VWDGRHORJLFDPHQWHFRQWURODUHGHQXQFLDUTXDQGRDFRQWHFHUHPRVFDVRVGHDEXVRRXH[FHVVRVSROLFLDLVRXFDVRVGHFRUUXSomRTXHVDEHPRVTXHWDPEpPH[LVWHP
6HJXUDQoDHMXVWLoDQmRVmRYDORUHVDQWLQ{PLFRVRXFRQWUDGLWyULRVDPERVVHFRPSOHPHQWDPHSRULVWRGHYHPRVLQVLVWLUQRWUDWDPHQWRREMHWLYRHSURÀVVLRQDOGDLPSUHQVDSRUTXHWRGRVQyVID]HPRVSDUWHGHXPDVRFLHGDGHTXH
GHYHPRVGHIHQGHUSDUDSRGHUYLYHUPHOKRU
1mR SUHFLVDPRV TXH RV PHLRV GH FRPXQLFDomR IDOHP EHP GD SROtFLD
QHP TXH GHSHQGHQGR GH VXDV OLQKDV HGLWRULDLV VLOHQFLHP IDWRV 1HFHVVLWDPRV
TXHHOHVHVWHMDPEHPLQIRUPDGRVTXHLQIRUPHPEHPjSRSXODomRHTXHXVHP
IRQWHVFRQÀiYHLVVHSRVVtYHORÀFLDLVRXGLUHWDVeLQFUtYHOYHUDDomRGDFRPXQLFDomRTXDQGRHQFREUHRXRFXOWDIDWRVGHOLWXRVRVTXDQGRQmRLQIRUPDDVHVWDWtVWLFDVRXTXDQGRjVYH]HVGLVWRUFHHIDOVLÀFDDYHUGDGHLUDVLWXDomRGHLQVHJXUDQoDFRPRDFRQWHFHQDFLGDGHGH5RViULRHHPRXWUDVFLGDGHVGDSURYtQFLDGH
6DQWD)p2HIHLWRpWmRQRFLYRTXDQWRRH[FHVVRFRPXQLFDFLRQDOVHQVDFLRQDOLVWD
RWDPEpPFKDPDGRGHHIHLWRFU{QLFD$VSHVVRDVGHVFRQKHFHPRXLJQRUDPD
UHDOLGDGHHQmRVHSUHSDUDPSDUDHQIUHQWiODFRVWXPDPVHUVXUSUHHQGLGDVSRU
ondas de roubos ou assaltos e as agências governamentais não vêm em sua
DMXGDSRUTXHQmRVDEHPRTXHHVWiDFRQWHFHQGR$VUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVSROtWLFDV
VHGHVDUWLFXODPDVIRUoDVGHVHJXUDQoDQmRVmRFDSDFLWDGDVQmRVmRIRUPDGDV
DV HVWUDWpJLDV GH FRPEDWH H RV RUoDPHQWRV QmR VmR DSOLFDGRV HP WHFQRORJLD
HWF2(VWDGRHVWiPDOFXLGDGRHIRJHGDUHDOLGDGHSRUFDXVDGHHVWUDWpJLDVGH
FRPXQLFDomRTXHQmRIDODPVREUHDVYHUGDGHLUDVTXHVW}HVGDVRFLHGDGH
$QRVVDDSRVWDKRMHpGHIHQGHUWDPEpPDVYtWLPDV(SDUDLVWRRVPHLRV
são muito importantes ao manter sob alerta a população em relação a possíveis
IDWRVQRFLYRVTXHSRGHPWRUQDUDVHUHSHWLU&DVRFRQWUiULRVHDWDFDUPRVRX
98
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
GHVTXDOLÀFDUPRVVRPHQWHDDXWRULGDGHSROLFLDOFRPRIUHTXHQWHPHQWHDFRQWHFHHODVHIHFKDVHDXWRSURWHJHWRUQDQGRVHFRUSRUDWLYLVWDQmRUHFRQKHFHQGR D DXWRULGDGH GR SRGHU SROtWLFR RX GR 3RGHU -XGLFLDO RX VHMD UHVSRQGH
LVRODQGRVHSUHMXGLFDQGRWRGRV
6HP DQXODU R SULQFLSLR IXQGDPHQWDO GH WRGR (VWDGR GH 'LUHLWR TXH p
DTXHOHGHGHIHQGHUDVOLEHUGDGHVS~EOLFDVDVJDUDQWLDVLQGLYLGXDLVHRVGLUHLWRV
FRQVWLWXFLRQDLVGHWRGDVDVSHVVRDVSRULJXDORUHVSHLWRHDGHIHVDGDYtWLPD
GHYHPWHUDSULPD]LD'HYHÀFDUFODURTXHDTXHOHTXHYLRODDOHLGHYHUHVSRQGHU
HSDJDUSHORGDQRRFDVLRQDGRLVWRGHYHVHUUHÁHWLGRSHORVPHLRVGHFRPXQLFDomRHVHUFRORFDGRFRPRSULRULGDGH
3RU ~OWLPR WHPRV XPD OLQKD PXLWR WrQXH HQWUH D DERUGDJHP GRV SUREOHPDV GR QDUFRWUiÀFR FRPR TXHVWmR GH VHJXUDQoD LQWHUQD GH FDGD SDtVRX
VHJXUDQoDKHPLVIpULFDRXFRPRTXHVWmRGHGHIHVDH[WHUQDGHQRVVDVQDo}HV
6RPRVWHVWHPXQKDVGHSODQRVRXSURJUDPDVGHFRRSHUDomRVHMDQD&RO{PELD
FRPRFKDPDGR´3ODQR&RO{PELDµTXHQR0p[LFRFRPD´,QLFLDWLYDGH0pULGDµ
SDUDDWDFDURÁDJHORGRQDUFRWUiÀFRQDiUHDGHIURQWHLUDWHPRVWDPEpPRH[HPSORGHDOJXPDVLQWHUYHQo}HVQD%ROtYLDHQR3DUDJXDLDOpPGHDOJXPDVWHQWDWLYDVQR3HUXH(TXDGRUVYH]HVFRPLVWRRVOLPLWHVVHDODUJDPHRVFULPLQRVRV
VHWUDQVIHUHPGHXPSDtVSDUDRRXWURDXPHQWDQGRDVLQWHUYHQo}HV
A cooperação entre os países do norte e os orçamentos aprovados
SHORVRUJDQLVPRVPXOWLODWHUDLVSDUDFRPEDWHURQDUFRWUiÀFRVmRUHFRQKHFLGRV
0DVpQHFHVViULRSUHVWDUDWHQomRQDVSRVVtYHLVFRQVHTXrQFLDVRXVDOGRVSROtWLFRVQmRGHVHMDGRVFRPRÀPGHHYLWDUVHXXVRFRPRiUHDSRWHQFLDOSDUDMXVWLÀFDUPDLVLQWHUYHQo}HVHEDVHVPLOLWDUHVeQHFHVViULRHYLWDUTXHGLDQWHGDPDJQLWXGHGRVSUREOHPDVGRWUiÀFRLOHJDOGHGURJDVHGLDQWHGDFUHVFHQWHGHPDQGD
VRFLDO GH OXWD FRQWUD R FULPH VHMDP JHUDGRV TXHVWLRQDPHQWRV JHQHUDOL]DGRV
jVDXWRULGDGHVTXHWRUQHPLQJRYHUQiYHLVDOJXQVSDtVHVRTXHSRUVXDYH]SRGHPSURYRFDUGHELOLGDGHRXIUDJLOLGDGHSROtWLFDHLQVWLWXFLRQDOQRV(VWDGRV7DO
FLUFXQVWkQFLDUHSUHVHQWDXPJUDQGHGHVDÀRSDUD$PpULFD/DWLQD1HFHVVLWDPRV
XQLmRSDUDHUUDGLFDURVÁDJHORVGHQRVVDUHJLmR
$WXDOPHQWHDQRVVDUHJLmRVHGHEDWHHQWUHWHQV}HVTXHWrPSRUXPD
SDUWHDSUHVVmRGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVSDUDUHGX]LURLQJUHVVRGHGURJDSURYHQLHQWHGD$PHULFDGR6XODOpPGDVGHFLV}HVGR&RQJUHVVRQRUWHDPHULFDQRGH
DXPHQWDURRUoDPHQWRSDUDLPSHGLUDSURGXomRHPVXDRULJHPHSRURXWUDSDUWHDYLJrQFLDHWHUQDGHVXDDVSLUDomRLPSHULDORXH[SDQVLRQLVWDHVWDEHOHFHQGR
99
SODQRV SURJUDPDV EDVHV PLOLWDUHV FRQVHJXLQGR TXH DOJXQV JRYHUQRV ORFDLV
HVWHMDPGLVSRVWRVDUHFHEHURIHUWDVHLQIHOL]PHQWHGHVORFDURVOLPLWHVGDFULPLQDOLGDGHSDUDQRVVRVSDtVHVGRVXOFRQWLQHQWDO&RPLVWRDVPDQLIHVWDo}HVGH
FRRSHUDomRVHGLVVLSDPGLDQWHGHREMHWLYRVHVWUDWpJLFRVGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRV
TXH QHP VHPSUH IRUDP FDUDFWHUL]DGRV SRU IDYRUHFHU RV LQWHUHVVHV GRV SRYRV
LUPmRVGD$PpULFDGR6XO
+RMH GLDQWH GH XP HSLIHQ{PHQR R QDUFRWUiÀFR GH JUDQGHV GLPHQV}HV GH WHUUtYHLV LQÁXrQFLDV H FRQVHTXrQFLDV SDUD QRVVDV VRFLHGDGHV QmR
QRVUHVWDQDGDDOpPGHSHQVDUHUHÁHWLUTXHDVGURJDVQmRVmRDFDXVDRXD
origem dos crimes ou de novas condutas ilegais que aparecem e sim consequrQFLDGDIDOWDGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVDIDOWDGH(VWDGRGHUHVSHLWRGDOHLDIDOWD
GHIDPtOLDYDORUHVHDIDOWDGHXPGLVFXUVRTXHLPSOLTXHQXPDQRYDYLVmRVROLGiULDGDVRFLHGDGHHGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVUHSXEOLFDQDV2VPHLRVGHFRPXQLFDomR
GHYHP HVWDU SUHVHQWHV H DMXGDU QHVWD FDXVD 5HFRQKHFHPRV D GLÀFXOGDGH
PDVHVWDpDPHOKRUSURSRVWDTXHSRGHPRVHQFRQWUDUHRIHUHFHUDHVWHS~EOLFR$EXVFDGHXPFRPSURPLVVRIURQWDOHpWLFRGRVPHLRVGHFRPXQLFDomRQD
OXWDFRQWUDDFULPLQDOLGDGH
(VWHpRJUDQGHGHVDÀRTXHQRVFRQYRFDDFRQWLQXDUOXWDQGRSDUDPHOKRUDU D TXDOLGDGH LQVWLWXFLRQDO HP QRVVRV SDtVHV VHPSUH FRP R REMHWLYR H R
IRFRQRIRUWDOHFLPHQWRGD´FXOWXUDGDOHJDOLGDGHµHPSUROGDFRQVROLGDomRGR
(VWDGRGH'LUHLWRGDGHPRFUDFLDSHORUHVSHLWRSOHQRSHODFRQYLYrQFLDVRFLDO
pelo mútuo progresso da condição humana e pela nossa herança para as gerao}HVIXWXUDVGHXPDYLGDPHOKRU
100
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
IMAGENS
101
102
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
0HVDGLUHWRUD
Peter Fischer-Bollin e José Carlos Aleluia
103
3DROD+ROJXtQ&RO{PELD
104
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
(EUDKLP$VYDW3DQDPi
&HVDU0DLDFRRUGHQDQGRGHEDWH
105
-RVp9LFHQWHGD6LOYD)LOKR%UDVLO
5RFtR6DQ0LJXHO9HQH]XHOD
106
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
6HEDVWLiQ$FKD3DUDJXDL
.ODULVVD6LOYD%UDVLO
107
$QW{QLR)HUUHLUD3LQWR%UDVLO
3DWUtFLR7XGHOD&KLOH
108
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
*RQ]DOR)XHQWHV\$UEDOOR$UJHQWLQD
&DUORV$OEHUWR&DUUDQ]D$UJHQWLQD
109
Paulo Souto coordenando debate
$QW{QLR&DUORV0DJDOKmHV1HWR$WXDOSUHIHLWRGH6DOYDGRU
110
SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
$&01HWRFRRUGHQDQGRGHEDWH
Plateia
111
112

da publicação

Transcrição

Documentos relacionados

os 180 anos da polícia

graciano de oliveira

simulado 9 ano

Brasil PRESBITERIANO

Baixar - Casa Verde Online

NORMAS DE PROCEDIMENTO ADMINISTRATIVA E