ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas oportunistas em

REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS - RCA (ISSN 1981-8858)
http://www.revistas.unilasalle.edu.br/index.php/Rbca
Canoas, vol. 7, n. 1, jul. 2013
OCORRÊNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS PATOGÊNICAS OPORTUNISTAS EM UM
RESERVATÓRIO DO SEMIÁRIDO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
Viviane Felix Silva Nascimento2
Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio Araújo1
RESUMO
A qualidade da água doce vem sendo diminuída devido a ações antrópicas, principalmente ligadas
ao descarte de esgotos, os quais podem conter uma gama de microrganismos presentes na microbiota intestinal humana, como os membros da família Enterobacteriaceae que podem ser patogênicos
FDXVDQGRLQIHFo}HVRSRUWXQLVWDV(VWHWUDEDOKRREMHWLYRXLGHQWL¿FDUEDFWpULDVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSDWRgênicas em reservatórios da Bacia do Rio Piranhas-Assú, no nordeste brasileiro. Amostras de água
IRUDPFROHWDGDVQRSHUtRGRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHDIHYHUHLURGHDWpQRYHPEURGHPHQVDOPHQWHDEUDQJHQGRSHUtRGRVGHHVWLDJHPHFKXYDHDLGHQWL¿FDomRELRTXtPLFDIRLIHLWDXWLOL]DQGRVHNLWV
FRPHUFLDVGHLGHQWL¿FDomR2PDLRUSHUFHQWXDOGHLVRODGRVDSUHVHQWRXFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPRUIROyJLFDVHELRTXtPLFDVGHHQWHUREDFWpULDV'HQWUHDVHVSpFLHVHQFRQWUDGDVCitrobacter diversus,
Enterobacter agglomerans, Morganella morganii ssp morganii, Enterobacter spp, Proteus myxofaciems, Proteus penneri e Serratia spp. VmRHVSpFLHVSDWRJrQLFDVRSRUWXQLVWDV(VSpFLHVGHLQWHUHVVH
biotecnológico e ambiental como Chromobacterium violaceum e $FLQHWREDFWHUOZRI¿LWDPEpPIRUDPLGHQWL¿FDGDV2VGDGRVREWLGRVDSRQWDPSDUDDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPDYLJLOkQFLDGDTXDOLGDGHGD
iJXDXWLOL]DGDQDUHJLmRHVWXGDGDHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHDo}HVHPHGXFDomRDPELHQWDOHHGXFDomR
HPVD~GHFRPDSRSXODomRORFDO
Palavras-chave:TXDOLGDGHGHiJXDHQWHUREDFWpULDVPLFURUJDQLVPRV
ABSTRACT
Occurrence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in a semiarid reservoir of Rio Grande do
Norte state, Brazil. The freshwater quality has been diminished due to human activities, primarily
related to the disposal of sewage, which can contain a variety of microorganisms found in the human gut microbiota, as members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that can be pathogenic causing
opportunistic infections. This study aimed to identify potentially pathogenic bacteria in reservoirs of
WKH3LUDQKDV$VV~5LYHU%DVLQLQQRUWKHDVWHUQ%UD]LO:DWHUVDPSOHVZHUHFROOHFWHGIURP)HEUXDU\
WR1RYHPEHUPRQWKO\LQGURXJKWDQGUDLQSHULRGVDQGELRFKHPLFDOLGHQWL¿FDWLRQZDV
8)518QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LR*UDQGHGR1RUWH'HSDUWDPHQWRGH0LFURELRORJLDH3DUDVLWRORJLD%UDVLO(PDLOSDUD
correspondência: [email protected]
2
8)518QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LR*UDQGHGR1RUWH3URJUDPDGH3yVJUDGXDomRHP'HVHQYROYLPHQWRH0HLR$PELHQWH
Brasil.
1
92
Viviane Felix Silva Nascimento, Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio Araújo
GRQHXVLQJFRPPHUFLDOLGHQWL¿FDWLRQNLWV7KHKLJKHVWSHUFHQWDJHRILVRODWHVVKRZHGPRUphological and biochemical characteristics of enterobacteria. Among the species found, Citrobacter
diversus, Enterobacter agglomerans, Morganella morganii ssp morganii, Enterobacter spp, Proteus
myxofaciems, Proteus penneri and Serratia spp. are opportunistic pathogenic species. Species with
environmental and biotechnological interest as Chromobacterium violaceum and Acinetobacter
OZRI¿LZHUHDOVRLGHQWL¿HG7KHGDWDLQGLFDWHVWKHQHHGIRUPRQLWRULQJWKHTXDOLW\RIZDWHUXVHGLQ
the studied region, and to the environmental and health education activities to the local population.
Keywords: water quality, enterobacteria, microorganisms
INTRODUÇÃO
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a saúde e o bem estar das pessoas que entram em contato direto com a água poluída de rios e reservatórios
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RUJDQLVPRV DTXiWLFRV SDWRJrQLFRV &DUYDOKR HW DO 'HYLGR DR DXPHQWR GRV LPSDFWRV FDXVDGRV
SHORVGLYHUVRVXVRVGRVUHFXUVRVKtGULFRVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHDQiOLVHVHPRQLWRUDPHQWRVVmRQHFHVViULRV
&DUYDOKRHWDOHPSUHJDQGRVHPXLWDVYH]HVLQGLFDGRUHVELROyJLFRVHVSHFt¿FRVFRPRSRUH[HPSORSURWR]RiULRVHEDFWpULDV
2VFROLIRUPHVEDVWRQHWHVJUDPQHJDWLYRVGDIDPtOLD(QWHUREDFWHUDFHDH VmRRVLQGLFDGRUHVPLFURbianos mais comumente empregados ao estudo de qualidade sanitária da água. Amplamente distribuídos
REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
OCORRÊNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS PATOGÊNICAS OPORTUNISTAS EM UM RESERVATÓRIO DO SEMIÁRIDO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
93
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SDWRJrQLFRVpTXHHOHVVHWRUQDPLPSRUWDQWHVLQGLFDGRUHV
Alguns gêneros como Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella e Serratia, vivem na água, no solo e
WDPEpPFRQVWLWXHPSDUWHGDÀRUDLQWHVWLQDOGRKRPHPDVVLPFRPRDGHRXWURVDQLPDLVGHVDQJXHTXHQWH
Vários membros da família Enterobacteriaceae podem causar infecções oportunísticas, incluindo septicemia, pneumonia, meningite e infecções do trato genito-urinário. Como exemplo de gêneros que podem
causar essas infecções, temos: Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Hafnia, Morganella, Providencia e
Serratia(PVLWXDomRQRUPDORVRUJDQLVPRVGDQRVVDPLFURELRWDLQWHVWLQDOQmRSRGHPLQYDGLURXWUDVSDUWHVGRRUJDQLVPRPDVSRGHPDFRQWHFHULQIHFo}HVRSRUWXQtVWLFDVVHRKRVSHGHLURDSUHVHQWDUXPDUHGXomR
temporária de suas defesas imunológicas.
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comparadas a outros reservatórios do Nordeste, alcançando em torno de 107 organismos por mL de amostra. A
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proveniente do solo próximo das margens ou de atividades humanas e pelas elevadas temperaturasAraújo
H&RVWD6RGUp1HWRH$UD~MR.8PWUDEDOKRUHDOL]DGRQRUHVHUYDWyULR%RTXHLUmRORFDOL]DGR
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GDVEDFWpULDVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSDWRJrQLFDVCedeceaeHVSpFLHKlebsiella planticola, Morganella morganii ssp morganii, Serratia plymuthica e Enterobacter sakasakii 'DQWDV
Nesse contexto, o estudo de microrganismos aquáticos se torna imprescindível para o diagnóstico
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patogênicas oportunistas em reservatórios da Bacia do Rio Piranhas-Assú, em trechos dos municípios de
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MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
Caracterização da Área de Estudo e Procedimentos de Amostragem
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REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
94
Viviane Felix Silva Nascimento, Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio Araújo
lótico e os dois últimos de ambientes semilênticos
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Figura 1. Localização dos pontos de amostragem. P1 – São Rafael (ambiente semilêntico), P2 – Itajá
(ambiente semilêntico) e P3 – Assú (ambiente lótico).
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$TXiWLFDQD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LR*UDQGHGR1RUWH8)51$VDQiOLVHVIRUDPLQLFLDGDVLPHGLDtamente após a chegada ao laboratório.
No laboratório, foi inoculado 1 mL de amostra de cada ponto de coleta em tubos contendo caldo
nutriente e 1 mL da amostra em placas de Petri contendo Agar Nutriente, e incubados em estufa bacterioOyJLFDSRUKRUDVDž&7RGRVRVWXERVRXSODFDVTXHDSUHVHQWDYDPFUHVFLPHQWREDFWHULDQRDSyV
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REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
OCORRÊNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS PATOGÊNICAS OPORTUNISTAS EM UM RESERVATÓRIO DO SEMIÁRIDO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
95
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estrutura, cor, tamanho e aspecto, respectivamente.
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de dois kitsGHLGHQWL¿FDomR3DUDDVEDFWpULDVIHUPHQWDGRUDVGHJOLFRVHIRLXVDGRR3DLQHOSDUD(QWHUREDFWpULDVHSDUDDVEDFWpULDVQmRIHUPHQWDGRUDVGHJOLFRVHRNLW1),,3UREDFGR%UDVLO
RESULTADOS
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QRSHUtRGRVHFRIRUDPUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHHQRSHUtRGRFKXYRVRH
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QRVSHUtRGRVVHFRVPpGLDGH—J/HFKXYRVRV—J/,WDMiQRSHUtRGRVHFRREWHYHPpGLDVGH
—J/MiQRVSHUtRGRVFKXYRVRVPpGLDVGH—J/6mR5DIDHODSUHVHQWRXDVPpGLDVPDLVHOHYDGDVFRP—J/QRVSHUtRGRVVHFRVH—J/QRVSHUtRGRVFKXYRVRV
)RUDPREWLGRVLVRODGRVQRSHUtRGRHVWXGDGR'HVWHWRWDOIRUDPLGHQWL¿FDGDVQRYHHVSpFLHVHGH¿QLGDVXDGLVWULEXLomRHVSDoRWHPSRUDO'DVHVSpFLHVLGHQWL¿FDGDVXPDHUDQmRIHUPHQWDGRUDGHJOLFRVH
$FLQHWREDFWHUOZRI¿, e as demais fermentadoras de glicose.
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H$JDU(RVLQD$]XOGH0HWLOHQR±(0%PHLRVGLIHUHQFLDLVSDUDLVRODPHQWRGHEnterobacteriaceae1R
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para isolamento de VibrioQmRKRXYHFUHVFLPHQWR$WpFQLFDGHFRORUDomRGH*UDPGHPRQVWURXTXHWRGRV
os isolados eram bacilos gram negativos, com reações negativas para o teste da oxidase. No meio teste TSI
iJDUWUtSOLFHDo~FDUIHUURDEDFWpULD$FLQHWREDFWHUOZRI¿LQmRIRLFDSD]GHIHUPHQWDUDJOLFRVHVHQGRR
LQYHUVRFRPSURYDGRSDUDDVGHPDLV7DEHOD
REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
Viviane Felix Silva Nascimento, Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio Araújo
96
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Testes
Acinetobacter
OZRI¿L
Chromobacterium
violaceum
Citrobacter
diversus
Enterobacter
agglomerans
Enterobacter
spp.
Morganella
morganii
spp.
morganii
Proteus
myxofaciens
Proteus
penneri
Serratia
spp.
Crescimento
em NA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
Crescimento
em EMB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Crescimento
em TCBS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BG-
BG-
BG-
BG-
BG-
BG-
BG-
BG-
BG-
2[LGDVH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*TSI
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Crescimento
em MC
Crescimento
em SS
&RORUDomR
de Gram
NA - Agar Nutriente, MC – Agar MacConkey, SS - Agar Salmonella-Shiguela, EMB - Agar Eosina Azul de Metileno, TCBS Agar de Tiossulfato, citrato, bílis e sacarose. Positivo (+), Negativo (-), BG - bacilo gram negativo.* Positivo (+) – fermentador e
Negativo (-) – não fermentador.
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IHUPHQWDGRUDVGHJOLFRVHHVWmRGHVFULWRVQDWDEHODHRVUHVXOWDGRVSDUDRVWHVWHVGHLGHQWL¿FDomRGDV
EDFWpULDVQmRIHUPHQWDGRUDVGHJOLFRVHHVWmRH[SUHVVRVQDWDEHOD
7DEHOD5HVXOWDGRVGRVWHVWHVELRTXtPLFRVSDUDEDFWpULDVIHUPHQWDGRUDVGHJOLFRVH
Testes
Bioquímicos
Chromobacterium
violaceum
Citrobacter
diversus
Enterobacter
spp.
Enterobacter
agglomerans
Morganella
morganii spp.
morganii
Proteus
myxofaciens
Proteus
penneri
Serratia
spp.
Indol
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
9RJXHV3URVNDXHU
-
+
+
-
-
+
-
+
Citrato
+
+
-
+
+
-
-
+
H2S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8UpLD
-
+
-
+
+
-
-
+
Lisina
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
Arginina
+
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
2UQLWLQD
-
+
+
-
+
-
-
+
Malonato
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
Glicose
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Lactose
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
Sacarose
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
Manitol
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
Adonitol
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Miosina
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sorbitol
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5D¿QRVH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Raminose
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
Malonato
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
+
Melobiose
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
213*
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
Esculina
-
+
+
+
-
+
-
+
(+) positivo (-) negativo
REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
OCORRÊNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS PATOGÊNICAS OPORTUNISTAS EM UM RESERVATÓRIO DO SEMIÁRIDO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
97
7DEHOD7HVWHVELRTXtPLFRVSDUDEDFWpULDVQmRIHUPHQWDGRUDV
NUAm – Não utilização do aminoácido; NUA – Não utilização do açúcar
$FLQHWREDFWHUOZRI¿LIRLLGHQWL¿FDGDQRVWUrVDPELHQWHVGHFROHWDQRSHUtRGRVHFRHDSHQDVHP,WDMi
no chuvoso, e a Chromobacterium violaceumIRLLVRODGDDSHQDVQRDPELHQWHOyWLFRTXH¿FDQRPXQLFtSLR
GH$VVX7DEHOD)RLUHJLVWUDGDDSUHVHQoDGHMorganella morganii spp. morganii no período chuvoso
QDORFDOLGDGHGH6mR5DIDHOEnterobacter VSSIRLLGHQWL¿FDGDQDPDLRULDGRVSRQWRVGHFROHWDQRVSHUtRGR
VHFRHFKXYRVRHDEDFWpULDEnterobacter agglomeransIRLLGHQWL¿FDGDDSHQDVQRVSRQWRVGHFROHWDORFDOL]DGRVQRVPXQLFtSLRVGH$VV~H,WDMiQRDQRGH$EDFWpULDProteus penneri foi isolada apenas nos
PXQLFtSLRVGH6mR5DIDHOH$VV~$VEDFWpULDVSerratia spp. e Citrobacter diversus apareceram no período
chuvoso de 2009 em Assú, e a Proteus myxofasciens DSDUHFHXDSHQDVHPSHUtRGRFKXYRVRHP$VV~H6mR
Rafael.
Tabela 4. Presença/Ausência das espécies por período e local de coleta.
Espécie
$FLQHWREDFWHUOZRI¿L
2009
Período
Período
seco
chuvoso
SR IT AS SR IT AS
2010
Período
Período
seco
chuvoso
SR IT AS SR IT AS
X
X
X
X
X
Chromobacterium violaceum
X
X
X
Enterobacter agglomerans
X
Proteus penneri
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Morganella morganii ssp morganii
Enterobacter spp.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Serratia spp.
X
Citrobacter diversus
X
X
Proteus myxofasciens
X
SR- São Rafael; IT – Itajá; AS - Assú
REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
X
98
Viviane Felix Silva Nascimento, Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio Araújo
DISCUSSÃO
$ YDULHGDGH GH PLFURUJDQLVPRV SUHVHQWHV QRV DPELHQWHV DTXiWLFRV p GHWHUPLQDGD GHQWUH RXWUDV
YDULiYHLVSHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDPELHQWDLVFRPRWHPSHUDWXUDS+HFORUR¿ODa, TXHLQWHUIHUHPQDGLQkPLFD
GRVHFRVVLVWHPDVDTXiWLFRVPRGL¿FDQGRDHVWUXWXUDHIXQomRGDVFRPXQLGDGHVPLFURELDQDV/LXH/HII
2VGDGRVHQFRQWUDGRVQHVWHHVWXGRGHPRQVWUDPTXHRVDPELHQWHVDTXiWLFRVHVWXGDGRVHVWmRHXWUR¿]DGRVFRQFRUGDQGRFRPRVUHVXOWDGRVGHRXWURVWUDEDOKRVUHDOL]DGRVQRVUHVHUYDWyULRVGRVHPLiULGR
QRUWHULRJUDQGHQVH TXH DSUHVHQWDP FRQGLo}HV HXWUy¿FDV H HYHQWXDOPHQWH KLSHUHXWUy¿FDV &RVWD HW DO
(VNLQD]L6DQW¶DQQD6RX]D
(PERUDDVEDFWpULDVWHQKDPJUDQGHUHOHYkQFLDQRVDPELHQWHVDTXiWLFRVSRLVVmRLPSRUWDQWHVSDUD
DGHFRPSRVLomRGHPDWpULDRUJkQLFDHSRUVXDSDUWLFLSDomRQRVFLFORVELRJHRTXtPLFRVDOJXPDVHVSpFLHV
VmRSDWRJrQLFDVSRGHQGRVHUDFDXVDGHGRHQoDVjVYH]HVGHGLItFLOFXUDHWUDWDPHQWR1HVWHHVWXGRYHUL¿FRXVHDRFRUUrQFLDGHEDFWpULDVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSDWRJrQLFDVHPWRGRVRVORFDLVGHDPRVWUDJHPVHQGR
D PDLRULD HQWHUREDFWpULDV SRVVLYHOPHQWH SURYHQLHQWHV GR HVFRDPHQWR GD iJXD GD EDFLD ,VVR SRGH VHU
suposto pelo fato de que alguns gêneros como Morganella e Serratia tenham ocorrido apenas no período
chuvoso, em alguns pontos de coleta.
AcinetobacterVSSVmRSHUWHQFHQWHVDR¿OR3URWHREDFWHULDFRPXQVQDQDWXUH]DHSRGHPVHUREWLGDV
DSDUWLUGDiJXDVRORRUJDQLVPRVYLYRVHDWpPHVPRGHSHOHVKXPDQDV'HDFRUGRFRP7RZQHU
ganharam reconhecimento nos últimos anos como patógenos que têm o potencial de causar graves inIHFo}HVQRVRFRPLDLVHPSDFLHQWHVFOLQLFDPHQWHGRHQWHV3RURXWURODGRHVSpFLHVGHAcinetobacter têm
DWUDtGRFDGDYH]PDLVDWHQomRHPDSOLFDo}HVDPELHQWDLVHELRWHFQROyJLFDV9DQEURHNKRYHQHWDO
$OJXPDVFHSDVGHVWHJrQHURVmRFRQKHFLGDVSRUHVWDUHPHQYROYLGDVQDELRGHJUDGDomRGHXPQ~PHURGH
GLIHUHQWHVFRPSRVWRVTXtPLFRVRUJkQLFRVHLQRUJkQLFRVSROXHQWHVWDLVFRPRELIHQLORVFORUDGRVHELIHQLO
DPLQRiFLGRVIHQROyOHREHQ]RDWRGHFUXGHDFHWRQLWULODGHJUDGDomRGHOLJQLQD%XFKDQHWDOH
QDUHPRomRGHIRVIDWRVELROyJLFRVRXPHWDLVSHVDGRV)UDQFLVFRHWDO$FLQHWREDFWHUOZRI¿ foi
LGHQWL¿FDGDHPWRGRVRVORFDLVGHHVWXGRHVSHFLDOPHQWHQRVSHUtRGRVGHHVWLDJHPHpXPDGDVSULQFLSDLV
EDFWpULDVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODPHQLQJLWH
Chromobacterium violaceum IRL LGHQWL¿FDGD DSHQDV HP$VV~ DPELHQWH OyWLFR WDQWR QD HVWDomR
seca como chuvosa, embora possua capacidade de resistir a uma ampla variedade de condições severas,
LQFOXLQGR HVFDVVH] GH QXWULHQWHV DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV SUy[LPDV GH ƒ& DOWRV QtYHLV GH UDGLDomR S+ H
HOHYDGDVFRQFHQWUDo}HVGHDJHQWHVWy[LFRV%UD]LOLDQ1DWLRQDO*HQRPD3URMHFW&RQVRUWLXP1R
%UDVLOKiSXEOLFDo}HVLQLFLDLVVREUHVXDRFRUUrQFLDQDViJXDVGR5LR1HJURQDUHJLmRDPD]{QLFDQRUWHGRSDtVRQGHRFRUUHHPJUDQGHDEXQGkQFLD%DUUHWRHWDO0DUWLQVHWDO0DVVDEHVH
WDPEpPGHVXDRFRUUrQFLDHPULRVQRVXGHVWHGRSDtV0DUWLQH]HWDO1DUGLHWDOQRVXO
/LUDHWDOHQDUHJLmRQRUGHVWHEUDVLOHLUD$QWXQHVHWDO'LDVHWDO6LTXHLUDHWDO
eFODVVL¿FDGDFRPR%HWDSURWHREDFWpULDSHUWHQFHQWHjIDPtOLD1HLVVHULDFHDHHHQFRQWUDGDHPXPD
variedade de ecossistemas nas regiões de clima tropical e subtropical, habitando normalmente o solo e a
iJXD*DUULW\HWDO3URGX]XPSLJPHQWRYLROHWDDYLRODFHtQDTXHSRVVXLPXLWDVDWLYLGDGHVELROygicas de interesse, podendo atuar contra determinados parasitas como o Tripanosoma cruzi, responsável
SHODGRHQoDGH&KDJDV'HVVDX[HWDOHSURWR]RiULRVGRJrQHURLeishmania/HRQH/RSHV
et al., 2009). $SUHVHQWDWDPEpPDWLYLGDGHDQWLWXPRUDOVHQGRHIHWLYDHPFXOWXUDVGHFpOXODVGHDOJXPDV
OHXFHPLDVOLQIRPDVHWXPRUHVGHFyORQHSXOPmR/RSHVHWDO DOpPGHOLQIRPDVUHODFLRQDGRVj
REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
OCORRÊNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS PATOGÊNICAS OPORTUNISTAS EM UM RESERVATÓRIO DO SEMIÁRIDO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
99
$,'6'XUiQH0HQFN$YLRODFHtQDWDPEpPDSUHVHQWDDWLYLGDGHDQWLI~QJLFDHPSODQWDV6KLUDWD
HWDOHDWLYLGDGHDQWLYLUDO$QGULJKHWWL)U|KPHU Chromobacterium violaceum apresenta
WDPEpPDWLYLGDGHDQWLELyWLFD$QWXQHVHWDOHDSURGXomRGH SROLKLGUR[LDOFDQRDWRV3+$pRXWUD
característica importante observada em suas culturas. Em humanos, pode atuar como patógeno oportunista
HFDXVDUVHSWLFHPLDIDWDOGHOHV}HVQDSHOHFRPDEVFHVVRVQRItJDGRHSXOPmR6KDRHWDO2XWURV
relatos associados a C. violaceumVmRDJUDQXORPDWRVHFU{QLFDDDGHQLWHDRVWHRPLHOLWHDFHOXOLWHSHULRUELWDOHDLQIHFomRRFXODU&KDWWRSDGK\D\
1HVWHWUDEDOKRDVHQWHUREDFWpULDVHVWLYHUDPUHSUHVHQWDGDVHPWRGRVRVDPELHQWHVGHHVWXGR$IDPtOLD (QWHUREDFWHULDFHDH p HQFRQWUDGD QR VROR iJXD SODQWDV H QRV DQLPDLV LQFOXLQGR R KRPHP 6mR
UHVSRQViYHLVSRUFHUFDGHGDVLQIHFo}HVQRVRFRPLDLVVHQGRDVPDLVIUHTHQWHVFDXVDGDVSRUEscherichia+ROWHWDOHDVXDPDLRULDKDELWDRVLQWHVWLQRVGRKRPHPHDQLPDLVVHMDFRPRPHPEURV
GDPLFURELRWDQRUPDORXFRPRDJHQWHVLQIHFFLRVRV7UDEXOVLH&DPSRV2JUXSRLQFOXLRVJrQHURV
Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, Morganella, Providencia
e Yersinia.5HVXOWDGRVVHPHOKDQWHVDHVWHVIRUDPHQFRQWUDGRVSRU%RUJHVH%HUWROLQHSRU'DQWDV2SULPHLURIRLUHDOL]DGRHP7RFDQWLQV%UDVLOSDUDDYDOLDomRGDTXDOLGDGHPLFURELROyJLFDGD
iJXDQR&yUUHJR6mR-RmRTXHDWULEXLXDSUHGRPLQkQFLDGHVVHVPLFURUJDQLVPRVQRDPELHQWHDTXiWLFRDR
FDUUHDPHQWRGHVRORFRQWDPLQDGRHRVHJXQGRUHDOL]RXDFDUDFWHUL]DomRPRUIRWLQWRULDOHELRTXtPLFDGH
EDFWpULDVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSDWRJrQLFDVHPXPUHVHUYDWyULRGDUHJLmRVHPLiULGDGR5LR*UDQGHGR1RUWH
REWHQGRGRVLVRODGRVEDFWHULDQRVFRPFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHHQWHUREDFWpULDV
$VHVSpFLHVMorganella morganii ssp morganii, Enterobacter spp, Enterobacter agglomerans, Proteus penneri, Serratia spp, Citrobacter diversus e Proteus myxofasciens fRUDPLGHQWL¿FDGDVQDVDPRVWUDV
GHiJXD(VVDVHQWHUREDFWpULDVVmRSDWRJrQLFDVRSRUWXQLVWDVHSRGHPFDXVDULQIHFo}HVSRGHQGRDXPHQWDU
os casos de doenças gastrointestinais, ocasionalmente. Sua entrada na água deve se dar pela descarga de
HVJRWRVRXHVFRDPHQWRGHPDWHULDLVGD%DFLD+LGURJUi¿FD'HRXWUDIRUPDDUHGXomRGDOkPLQDG¶iJXD
QRVSHUtRGRVFKXYRVRVWDPEpPSRGHFRQFHQWUDUDPDWpULDRUJkQLFDHIDYRUHFHURFUHVFLPHQWRDFHQWXDGR
GHRXWUDVHVSpFLHVFRPRpRFDVRGHCitrobacter diversus, que só ocorreu em período seco, no Rio Assú.
2VPLFURUJDQLVPRVLGHQWL¿FDGRVVmRFRPXPHQWHHQFRQWUDGRVQRDPELHQWHHQRWUDWRLQWHVWLQDOGH
VHUHVKXPDQRVHDQLPDLVGHVDQJXHTXHQWH5RGULJXHVHWDODYDOLDQGRDTXDOLGDGHGDiJXDGR
5LR3LUDFXDPD63LGHQWL¿FDUDPDVVHJXLQWHV(QWHUREDFWpULDVEnterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella ozaenae, Edwardsiella tarda, Shigella sp., Morganella morgani, Hafnia alvei, Salmonella sp. e
Citrobacter (diversus koseri).-i*RQL8UUL]DHWDOYHUL¿FDUDPDELRGLYHUVLGDGHHGLVWULEXLomRGH
(QWHUREDFWpULDVQR/DJR%DLNDOHQFRQWUDQGRDOLEscherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Klyivera sp., Citrobacter sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp. e Yersinia frederikenii2VGRLVHVWXGRVDSRQWDPTXHD
presença desses microrganismos está associada com a carga antrópica depositada nos ambientes aquáticos.
$SHVDU GH VXD DPSOD GLVWULEXLomR Morganella morganii p XPD FDXVD UDUD GH LQIHFomR DGTXLULGD
H p PDLV IUHTXHQWHPHQWH HQFRQWUDGD GH FDVRV GH SyVRSHUDWyULR FDXVDQGR LQIHFo}HV GR WUDWR XULQiULR
septicemia, pneumonia, infecções do sistema nervoso central, meningite e outras infecções nosocomiais,
SRGHQGRFDXVDUDWpDPRUWH0LOOHUH(PPRQV$VHVSpFLHVGHEnterobacter ocorrem na água, solo
HSODQWDVSRGHQGRFRORQL]DURWUDWRJDVWURLQWHVWLQDO5DUDPHQWHHVWmRLPSOLFDGDVQDVLQIHFo}HVSULPiULDVH
VmRFRORQL]DGRUDVLPSRUWDQWHVHPSDFLHQWHVKRVSLWDOL]DGRVSRGHQGRFDXVDUGRHQoDVLQYDVLYDV9HUPHOKR
HWDO(VWmRDVVRFLDGDVDLQIHFo}HVUHVSLUDWyULDVGHSHOHWUDWRXULQiULRRVVRVDUWLFXODo}HVVLVWHPD
REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
100
Viviane Felix Silva Nascimento, Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio Araújo
nervoso central e trato gastrointestinal. Possuem elevadas taxas de co-infecções com outros patógenos,
SUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHHPLQIHFo}HVGHItJDGRHSXOPmRE. agglomeransQmRpXPDFDXVDWmRIUHTXHQWHGH
infecções hospitalares, e está associada com fontes exógenas. Geralmente apresentam associações com
SODQWDVVHQGREDVWDQWHFRPXQVHPLQIHFo}HVHPDOJRGmR6DQGHUVH6DQGHUV
2VPHPEURVGRJrQHURProteusHVWmRUHODFLRQDGRVDLQIHFo}HVHPIHULGDVGLItFHLVGHWUDWDUHPHVSHFLDOIHULGDVGHLQGLYtGXRVGLDEpWLFRVHPDVVRFLDomRDE. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella e Serratia marcescens. Infecções com Proteus penneriVmRIUHTXHQWHVQRVULQVHHOLPLQDGRVQDXULQDIHULGDVQRDEG{PHQ
YLULOKDHWRUQR]HOR0RUGLH0RPRKVHQGRDVHJXQGD(QWHUREDFWpULDPDLVLVRODGDHPODERUDWyULRV
Proteus penneriFRORQL]DHLQIHFWDRVLVWHPDXULQiULRHpIDFLOPHQWHLVRODGRGHLQGLYtGXRVTXHWrPORQJD
permanência em hospitais e de pacientes com doenças subjacentes ou sistemas imunológicos compromeWLGRV9HUPHOKRHWDO(PKRVSLWDLVJHUDOPHQWHVmRLVRODGRVHPSDFLHQWHVFRPGLDUUHLDVHQGR
DVVRFLDGRVDFDVRVGHEDFWHUHPLDHGHIRUPDomRGHSHGUDVQRVULQVGHYLGRjHQ]LPDXUHDVH2¶KDUDHWDO
Proteus myxofascienspSDWyJHQRRSRUWXQLVWDHDJHQWHGHGLIHUHQWHVLQIHFo}HV2JrQHURSerratia
pQDWXUDOGRVRORHiJXDGRFH3RGHLQIHFWDUIHULPHQWRVHVHUDFDXVDGHLQIHFo}HVGRVLVWHPDXULQiULRH
UHVSLUDWyULRVHSVLDHPDFHVVRVLQWUDYHQRVRVHVHSWLFHPLD9HUPHOKRHWDO
2VPHPEURVGRJrQHURCitrobacter VmRLVRODGRVFRPIUHTXrQFLDGHLQGLYtGXRVGRHQWHVFRPRXP
SDWyJHQRRSRUWXQLVWDRXVHFXQGiULRDOpPGHVHUHPHQFRQWUDGRVQRVRORiJXDHVJRWRHDOLPHQWRV$OJXQV
sorotipos de C. diversus SRGHP VHU HQWHURSDWRJrQLFRV FDXVDQGR GLDUUHLD +ROW HW DO SRGHQGR
SURYRFDU VHSWLFHPLD HP SDFLHQWHV KRVSLWDOL]DGRV PHQLQJLWH EDFWHULDQDDEFHVVR FHUHEUDO H HQGRFDUGLWH
9HUPHOKRHWDO2IDWRGHHVVDVEDFWpULDVVHUHPIUHTXHQWHVHPDPELHQWHVDTXiWLFRVSRGHIDYRUHFHU
DSRVVLELOLGDGHGHRFRUUrQFLDGHGRHQoDVHQWpULFDVRXRXWUDVLQIHFo}HVQHVVHVORFDLVSRVWRTXHDSRSXODomRRVXWLOL]DSDUDGLYHUVRVXVRV$LQGDTXHHPVLWXDo}HVQRUPDLVLVVRJHUDOPHQWHQmRRFRUUDRVFDVRV
FLWDGRVQDOLWHUDWXUDGHGRHQoDVRSRUWXQLVWDVFDXVDGDVSHODVHVSpFLHVHQFRQWUDGDVQHVWHWUDEDOKRWRUQDP
necessário o seu controle e acompanhamento.
CONCLUSÕES
2 PDLRU SHUFHQWXDO GH LVRODGRV DSUHVHQWRX FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV PRUIROyJLFDV H ELRTXtPLFDV GH
HQWHUREDFWpULDV'HQWUHDVHVSpFLHVHQFRQWUDGDVCitrobacter diversus, Enterobacter agglomerans, Morganella morganii ssp morganii, Enterobacter spp., Proteus myxofaciems, Proteus penneri e Serratia spp. VmR
HVSpFLHVSDWRJrQLFDVRSRUWXQLVWDVSRGHQGRFDXVDUGRHQoDVHPSHVVRDVFRPVLWXDomRGHEDL[DLPXQLGDGH(VSpFLHVGHLQWHUHVVHELRWHFQROyJLFRHDPELHQWDOFRPRChromobacterium violaceum e Acinetobacter
OZRI¿LWDPEpPIRUDPLGHQWL¿FDGDVOHYDQWDQGRDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHHVWXGRVIXWXURVTXHHQYROYDPRXVRH
DSOLFDomRGHVVDVHVSpFLHVHPDWLYLGDGHVGHVVDQDWXUH]D
'HPRGRJHUDORVUHVXOWDGRVVXJHUHPDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPDYLJLOkQFLDGDTXDOLGDGHEDFWHULROyJLFD
GDiJXDXWLOL]DGDQDUHJLmRHVWXGDGDHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHDo}HVHPHGXFDomRDPELHQWDOHHGXFDomRHP
VD~GHSDUDDGLYXOJDomRGRVSUREOHPDVSRWHQFLDLVTXHSRGHPRFRUUHUDGYLQGRVGHVVHIDWR$VSRVVtYHLV
IRQWHVSROXLGRUDVGHYHPVHULGHQWL¿FDGDVHFRQWURODGDVUHVXOWDQGRQDPHOKRULDGDYLGDGDSRSXODomRTXH
vive próxima aos ambientes estudados.
REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS, Canoas, v.7, n.1, p. 91 a 104, 2013 / ISSN 1981-8858
OCORRÊNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS PATOGÊNICAS OPORTUNISTAS EM UM RESERVATÓRIO DO SEMIÁRIDO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
101
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$1'5$'((0HWDO,PSDFWRGDOL[LYLDomRGHQLWUDWRHFORUHWRQROHQoROIUHiWLFRVREFRQGLo}HV
de cultivo irrigado. Ciência Rural, 39
$1'5,*+(77,)5g+0(5 & 5 Avaliação da citotoxicidade, da genotoxicidade e da potencial atividade antiviral da violaceína, produzida pela Chromobacterium violaceum. 'LVVHUWDomR
0HVWUDGRHP)DUPiFLD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH6DQWD&DWDULQDS
$1781(6$$HWDO&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIChromobacterium violaceum isolated from Paca River,
Pernambuco, Brasil. Revista de Biologia e Ciências da Terra, 1
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brasileiro. Oecologia Brasiliensis, 11
%$55(72HWDO'LYHUVLW\LQDQWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\RIVWUDLQVRIChromobacterium violaceum from the
%UD]LOLDQ$PD]RQJ. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 35±
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%25*(6.3%(572/,1$2$YDOLDomRPLFURELROyJLFDGDTXDOLGDGHGDiJXDGRFyUUHJR6mR
-RmR3RUWR1DFLRQDO±72%UDVLOHolos Environment
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pcaH in a salt marsh bacterial community. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67
%5$=,/,$1 1$7,21$/ *(120$ 352-(&7 &216257,80 7KH FRPSOHWH JHQRPH VHquence of Chromobacterium violaceumUHYHDOVUHPDUNDEOHDQGH[SORLWDEOHEDFWHULDODGDSWDELOLW\PNAS,
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PB. Engenharia Ambiental, 5
&$59$/+2$3025$(61(72-0/,0$9/$$YDOLDomRGRtQGLFHGHEDOQHDELOLGDGH
a partir de indicadores biológicos do açude Soledade em Soledade, Paraíba, Brasil. Engenharia Ambiental, 7
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