Oficina em temas _Inter 2 2010 - Mogi das Cruzes

Oficina de Gramática
Present Perfect
- O present perfect é usado para falar de ações no passado que têm importância ou ligação com o
presente.
Have/has + 3ª coluna (verbo principal)
Ex.: - I have been to Europe.
- Have you seen Ann?
- She hasn’t eaten anything.
A) Ações que ocorreram recentemente no passado, sem especificar o momento em que elas
ocorreram:
Ex.: - I have found a wallet on the street.
B) Com o advérbio just para expressar ações que acabaram de acontecer:
Ex.: - We’ve just seen your brother.
C) Ações que começaram no passado e continuam no presente:
Ex.: - I have lived in the same house since I was born.
- This math teacher has taught at our school for ten years.
D) Com o advérbio already para indicar ações que já aconteceram e com o advérbio yet, usado
em perguntas para saber se aquela ação já se realizou ou em orações negativas para dizer que
aquela ação ainda não ocorreu:
Ex.: - More food? No, thanks! I have already eaten dinner.
- I’ve brushed my teeth already, but I haven’t flossed yet.
E) Com o advérbio ever para saber se alguma vez aquela ação já aconteceu:
Ex.: - Have you ever been to Paris?
- Yes, I have already been there.
- No, I have never been there.
F) Com as expressões que indicam quantas vezes a ação vem sendo repetida:
Ex.:
- It’s the first time I’ve ever eaten raw fish.
- I know people who have seen “Harry Potter” a couple of times.
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Oficina de Gramática
G) Com expressões de tempo que indicam um período que ainda não está terminado: today, this
week, this morning, this year, etc.
Ex.:
- I haven’t read any e-mails this morning (it’s still morning).
H) Com os advérbios lately e recently:
Ex.:
- Have you visited your relatives lately?
- Has she come here recently?
1) Let’s practice! Write the past participle of these verbs:
study __________
listen __________
eat ___________
see ____________
go ____________
forget _________
be _____________
visit ___________
break __________
get ____________
take ___________
write __________
drink ___________
win ____________
do ____________
sit _____________
leave __________
buy __________
feed ___________
bring __________
2) Answer the questions:
1. Have you ever visited New York?
____________________________________________________
2. Have you ever eaten at a Chinese restaurant?
____________________________________________________
3. Have you seen “New Moon” yet?
____________________________________________________
4. Have you ever been on a plane?
____________________________________________________
5. Have you played the guitar recently?
____________________________________________________
6. Has your mother baked a cake today?
____________________________________________________
7. How many times have you watched Spider Man?
____________________________________________________
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Oficina de Gramática
8. Have you been grounded lately?
____________________________________________________
9. Have you studied English recently?
_____________________________________________________
10. Have you heard that Beyonce is coming to Brazil?
_____________________________________________________
feed the fish
do the laundry
go shopping
pick Shelly up
open a bank account
play golf
3) Look at the “to do list” and write sentences about what has or hasn’t
been done so far:
Ex.: I have already fed the fish.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4) Faça perguntas de acordo com o modelo:
Ex.: - (you/ hear/ from George/ recently) Have you heard from George recently?
1. you/ read/ a newspaper/ recently?
______________________________________________________
2. you/ see/ Tom in the past few days?
____________________________________________________
3. she/ play tennis/ recently?
____________________________________________________________
4. he/ eat/ anything today?
______________________________________________________________
5. you/ see/ any good movies/ recently?
___________________________________________________
6. she/ have a holiday/ this year?
_________________________________________________________
7. you/ take a shower/ today?
____________________________________________________________
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Oficina de Gramática
8. the new secretary/ work a lot/ this morning?
______________________________________________
9. you/ be/ the mall/ this week?
__________________________________________________________
10. your children/ watch/ the new movie?
____________________________________________________
5) Complete as perguntas com already ou ever:
1. Have you ____________ taken a shower today?
2. Have you ____________ been to Japan?
3. Have you ____________ seen a ghost?
4. Have you ____________ finished your homework?
5. Have you ____________ played golf?
6. Have you ____________ got drunk?
7. Have you ____________ played the lottey?
8. Have you ____________ prepared lunch?
9. Have you ____________ opened a bank account?
10. Have you ____________ swum in a river?
6) Complete as frases abaixo usando o present perfect. Decida se elas precisam do advérbio
already ou yet.
1. I ___________________________________ (have lunch- negative)
2. Susan ___________________________________ (be to the US twice)
3. I ___________________________________, (finish my homework)
___________________________________, (doing my composition/ negative)
4. Peter ___________________________________ (find a job/ negative)
5. You ___________________________________ (answer my question/ negative)
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Oficina de Gramática
Present Perfect Continuous
- O present perfect continuous é formado com os verbos: have/has + been + verbo + ing.
Ex.:
- I have been studying for hours.
- Have you been playing tennis?
- He hasn’t been sleeping well lately.
- O present perfect continuous é usado para falar de uma atividade que começou no passado e que
continua até o presente, enfatizando a duração ou a intensidade da ação. Since e for são
frequentemente usados:
Ex.: - The principal has been speaking to the students since 7 o’ clock.
- I’ve been studying for three hours. I’d better stop for a while.
- É também usado para falar de ações passadas que acabaram de ser concluídas, cujos efeitos ou
consequências são evidentes no presente.
Ex.: - You look really tired. Have you been jogging?
- Why are you sad? Have you been crying?
1) Complete as frases com “for” ou “since”:
1. I’ve been working in this bank _________ four years.
2. My brother’s been traveling around the world _________ six months.
3. We haven’t seen them _________ last week.
4. She hasn’t eaten anything _________ this morning.
5. They’ve been learning English _________ many years.
6. He hasn’t won a gold medal _________ 1995.
2) Escreva o que as pessoas estavam fazendo:
1. You look so tired.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Why are your clothes so dirty?
_______________________________________________________________________
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Oficina de Gramática
3. Your hands are covered in paint.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. My legs hurt so much.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. He is putting all his books away now.
_______________________________________________________________________
3) Complete as frases com o present perfect continuous:
1. The world’s deserts _______________________________ for years. (to advance)
2. The rate of desertification _______________________________.(to increase)
3. He _______________________________for the last two hours. Isn’t he tired? (to talk)
4. “What happened to your clothes?” “I _____________________________ with the dog.” (to play)
5. I _______________________________ since 8 o’clock, but she hasn’t come yet. (to wait).
6. She _______________________________ the piano since she was 10. (play)
4) Leia as situações e escreva as frases:
1. The rain started two hours ago. It still raining now.
Ex.: It has been raining for two hours.
2. We started waiting for the bus 20 minutes ago. We’re still waiting now.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. I started Spanish classes in December. I’m still learning Spanish now.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Ann began looking for a job six moths ago. She’s still looking for a job now.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Mary started working in London on January 18. She’s still working there now.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Years ago you started sending e-mails to a friend in Canada. You still write to each other
regularly now.
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Oficina de Gramática
Used to
- Em inglês a forma ‘used to’, é usada para expressar fatos do passado que não são mais
verdadeiros. Usamos para falar de coisas que fazíamos em algum tempo do passado (‘past
habits’) e que agora não fazemos.
Sujeito + used to + verbo (afirmativa)
Sujeito + didn’t use to + verbo (negativa)
Did + sujeito + use to + verbo (interrogativa)
Ex.:
- I used to have long hair I don’t have long hair at the present time.
- My father used to work for IBM He doesn’t work for IBM anymore.
- I didn’t use to have a car I have a car now.
1) What did you used to do when you were 10?
Use some of the expressions in the box and write sentences:
jump rope play hide and seek visit my grandparents eat a lot of candies
play soccer with my friends use a computer
have long hair go to the beach study
watch a lot of cartoons work play hopscotch
sleep early
I used to __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
I didn’t use to
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2) Answer the questions about your past:
a) Where did you use to go on vacation? ________________________________________________
b) What did you use to do on the weekends? ___________________________________________
c) Who used to be your best friend? ___________________________________________________
d) What used to be your favorite food? ________________________________________________
e) Did you use to have many toys? ___________________________________________________
f) How often did you use to visit your grandparents? ____________________________________
g) Did you use to have long or short hair? ______________________________________________
h) Did you use to be a good kid? _____________________________________________________
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Oficina de Gramática
SOMETHING, ANYTHING, NOTHING
SOMEWHERE, ANYWHERE, NOWHERE
SOMEONE = SOMEBODY, ANYONE = ANYBODY, NO ONE = NOBODY
- Usamos something, somewhere, someone nas frases afirmativas:
Ex.: - There’s something in the closet. (algo/ alguma coisa)
- Your keys are somewhere in the room. (em algum lugar)
- There’s someone/ somebody at the door. (alguém)
- Usamos anything, anywhere, anyone em perguntas ou frases negativas.
Ex.: - Is there anything in that micro fridge?
- There isn’t anything in that micro fridge
- Did you go anywhere yesterday?
- I didn’t go anywhere last night
- Is there anyone in room 23?
- There isn’t anyone at the reception desk.
- Usamos nothing, nowhere, no one quando queremos dar sentido negativo à frase. Porém, os
verbos que acompanham estas palavras estão sempre na forma afirmativa.
Ex.: - There’s nothing to eat. (nada)
- There’s nowhere to go in this town. (nenhum lugar)
- There’s no one/ nobody at the reception desk. (ninguém)
1) Complete as frases com as expressões acima:
1. I think I lost my socks. I can’t find them _______________.
2. _______________ can help me.
3. There isn’t ______________ outside.
4. It’s too cold. Let’s find ______________ hot to drink.
5. Last night I saw ________________ in the backyard.
6. Go open the door. I heard _______________ knocking on it.
7. Unfortunately, ______________ got the highest grade on the test.
8. I am not taking _______________ with me. I hate carrying things around.
9. I would like to go _______________ hot.
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10. Paula wasn’t doing ________________ when I arrived home.
11. There was _______________ in that drawer.
12. I am sorry. There is ________________ I can do to help you.
13. I didn’t lock all the windows. ________________ else did.
14. Are you seeing ________________ at the moment?
15. Is ________________ going to the party with you?
2) Sublinhe a melhor alternativa:
1. Is there some/ any sugar left?
2. I never find something/ nothing/ anything in this mess!
3. Is Mary taking anybody/ somebody/ no one to the prom?
4. Nothing/ Anybody/ Somebody is waiting for you.
5. I don’t know no one/ anyone/ somebody in this city.
6. Did you see something/ nothing/ anything?
7. I have no/ nothing/ somewhere to lose.
8. Is nobody/ anybody/ nothing ready to go?
9. I don’t have to study nothing/ anything/ no one tonight.
10. I am busy. I have something/ nothing/ any.
3) Complete as frases:
1) Dick has disappeared. __________________ knows where he is.
2) We went yesterday but I didn’t buy __________________.
3) “What are you doing here?” “I’m waiting for __________________.”
4) Would you like __________________ to eat?
5) I can do this job alone. I don’t need __________________ to help me.
6) We slept in the park because we didn’t have __________________ to stay.
7) I don’t like this town. There is __________________ to go.
8) I’m sorry, but there is __________________ I can do about it.
9) Tom lives __________________ near London.
10) I can’t find my glasses. Has __________________ seen them?
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Oficina de Gramática
Relative Clauses with WHO
- Usamos who, quando queremos ligar duas frases que dão informação sobre uma mesma pessoa.
Ex.:
- That boy is Andrew + Andrew has a convertible = Andrew is the boy who has a convertible.
- Sandra is my friend + Sandra works in an office = Sandra is my friend who works in an office.
1) Responda as perguntas:
Who is Ronaldo _______________________________________________________________
Who is Beyonce? _____________________________________________________________
Who is Robert Pattinson? _______________________________________________________
Who is Brad Pitt? ______________________________________________________________
Who is Shakira? ______________________________________________________________
2) Fale sobre as celebridades abaixo. Use Relative Clauses:
Jim Carey
Mylie Cyrus
Beyonce
Taylor Swift
Fergie
Brad Pitt
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Oficina de Gramática
Comparatives
- Regra 1: Com adjetivos ‘curtos’ (aqueles com uma sílaba) acrescente ER + THAN.
Ex.: Cold = Colder than
Atenção:
- Quando o adjetivo for monossílabo ‘CVC’, dobra-se a última letra antes de acrescentar o ER.
Ex.: Hot = HotTer than
- Regra 2: Quando o adjetivo terminar em Y, substitua o “y” por “i” antes de acrescentar o ER.
Ex.: Happy = HappIER than
1) Complete a tabela abaixo de acordo com as regras 1 e 2:
Old
Easy
Big
Tall
Pretty
Fat
Small
Ugly
Thin
Cool
Crazy
Sad
Large
Heavy
Mad
- Regra 3: Com adjetivos ‘longos’ (com duas ou mais sílabas) use: MORE+ adjetivo+ THAN.
Ex.: Intelligent = MORE intelligent THAN.
2) Complete a tabela abaixo de acordo com a regra 3:
Expensive
Boring
Beautiful
Important
Interesting
Exciting
Dangerous
Fantastic
3) Complete as frases abaixo usando os adjetivos:
1. Peter is ___________________ John. (old)
2. Rio de Janeiro is ___________________ Porto Alegre. (hot)
3. Robbert Pattinson is ___________________ Brad Pitt. (handsome)
4. A BMW is ___________________ a Vectra. (expensive)
5. Chinese is ___________________ English. (difficult)
6. Mogi das Cruzes is ___________________ Poá. (large)
7. Going to the movies is ___________________ staying home. (good)
8. São Paulo is ___________________ Curitiba. (dangerous)
9. Soccer is ___________________ other sports in Brazil. (popular)
10. Travelling is ___________________ watching TV. (interesting)
11. Greek people are ___________________ English people. (friendly)
12. Speaking is ___________________ writing in English. (easy)
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Superlatives
- Regra 1: Com adjetivos ‘curtos’ (aqueles com uma sílaba) acrescente THE + adjetivo + EST:
Ex.: Cold = the coldest
Atenção:
- Quando o adjetivo for monossílabo ‘CVC’, dobra-se a última letra antes de acrescentar o ER.
Ex.: Hot= The HotTEST.
-Regra 2: Quando o adjetivo terminar em Y, substitua o “y” por “i” antes de acrescentar o EST.
Ex.: Happy = THE HappIEST.
1) Complete a tabela abaixo de acordo com as regras 1 e 2:
Old
Easy
Big
Tall
Pretty
Fat
Small
Ugly
Thin
Cool
Crazy
Sad
Large
Heavy
Mad
- Regra 3: Com adjetivos ‘longos’ (com duas ou mais sílabas) use THE + MOST + adjetivo.
Ex.: Intelligent = THE MOST intelligent.
2) Complete a tabela abaixo de acordo com a regra 3:
Expensive
Boring
Beautiful
Important
Interesting
Exciting
Dangerous
Fantastic
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3) Complete as frases seguindo as regras que acabamos de estudar:
1. Canada and Russia are _________________________ countries in the world. (large)
2. The continent of Antarctica is _________________________ in the planet. (cold)
3. Childhood is _________________________ period in our lives. (important)
4. Ronaldinho Gaucho was considered _________________________ soccer player of 2005.
( good)
5. Rio de Janeiro is _________________________ city in Brazil. (beautiful)
6. Jupiter is _________________________ planet in the solar system. (big)
7. Violence is _________________________ problem big cities. (bad)
8. What was _________________________ moment of your life? (happy)
9. Sunday is _________________________ day of the week. (boring)
10. Christmas is _________________________ time of the year in Oxford Street. (busy)
11. That is _________________________ movie I have ever seen. (sad)
12. The math test was _________________________ exam of all. (difficult)
4) Corrija as frases se necessário:
1. Canada is more big than Brazil _______________________________________________
2. Sandra is the most happy person I know _______________________________________
3. Fortaleza is hoter than São Paulo _____________________________________________
4. Sydney is the largest city in Australia __________________________________________
5. I can run more fast than him _________________________________________________
6. Are oranges the most expensive than bananas? _________________________________
7. English is easyer than Portuguese ____________________________________________
8. Roberta is older than Paula __________________________________________________
9. My friend is craziest than Napoleon ___________________________________________
10. New York is more interesting than London _____________________________________
5) Use o comparative ou superlative para fazer frases com os itens abaixo:
1. Harry Potter/ Spider Man ____________________________________________________
2. Brazil/ the USA ____________________________________________________________
3. English ____________________________________________________________________
4. Reading a book/ watching TV __________________________________________________
5. Dogs/ cats _________________________________________________________________
6. Tokyo _____________________________________________________________________
7. India/ Thailand ______________________________________________________________
9. São Paulo/ Sydney __________________________________________________________
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Oficina de Gramática
Tag Questions
- Usamos tag questions quando esperamos a confirmação de uma idéia ou opinião. Ela ajuda dar
continuidade a conversa.
Ex.: A: The weather was really hot yesterday, wasn’t it?
B: Yes. It was really hot.
- Se a frase for afirmativa, a tag question será negativa:
Ex.: - You have to work every weekend, don’t you?
- She is a great doctor, isn’t she?
- Se a frase for negativa, a tag question será positiva:
Ex.: - He doesn’t eat meat, does he?
- They shouldn’t sleep so late, should they?
1) Use a tag questions apropriada:
a) Joe doesn’t like horror movies, _______________?
b) Mr. Clark prefers science fiction, _______________?
c) Sylvia and I didn’t do well at the test, _______________?
d) Paul can’t come to the party, _______________?
e) Jack is on vacation, _______________?
f) You can speak Spanish, _______________?
g) There is a good movie on TV tonight, _______________?
h) He shouldn’t tell her about the surprise, _______________?
i) She was a bit sad yesterday, _______________?
j) You can’t park your car here, _______________?
k) It’s a beautiful day, _______________?
l) You smoke, _______________?
m) They’ll help, _______________?
n) I must study harder, _______________?
o) She’s on holiday, _______________?
p) The clock isn’t working, _______________?
q) Rick wasn’t born in Rome, _______________?
r) She should wear warmer clothes, _______________?
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Oficina de Gramática
s) Philip can ride a horse very well, _______________?
t) You went to the movies yesterday, _______________?
u) The film wasn’t very good, _______________?
v) I am Italian, _______________?
w) Toby met Pam last week, _______________?
x) Tim doesn’t eat meat, _______________?
y) The children won’t be here during their vacation, _______________?
z) Timothy will work in a factory, _______________?
a1) She lives in China, _______________?
b1) Bill can’t drive, _______________?
c1) Joshua loves pancakes, _______________?
d1) Mary is late, _______________?
2) Complete as frases de acordo com a tag question:
a)_____________________________________________________________,isn’t it?
b)_____________________________________________________________, don’t they?
c)_____________________________________________________________,aren’t you?
d)_____________________________________________________________, didn’t it?
e)____________________________________________________________, wasn’t she?
f)_____________________________________________________________, can they?
g)_____________________________________________________________, does he?
h)_____________________________________________________________, is she?
i)_____________________________________________________________, do they?
j)___________________________________________________________, shouldn’t he?
k)_____________________________________________________________, did he?
l)_____________________________________________________________, are we?
m)_____________________________________________________________, did you?
n)_____________________________________________________________, does she?
o)_____________________________________________________________, can’t she?
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Oficina de Gramática
Past Continuous
- O Past continuous ou Past Progressive é usado para expressar um evento ou ação em progresso
em um momento específico no passado.
Ex.: - I was reading my favorite book last night.
- It was raining a lot when we left.
- What were you doing at 10 a.m.?
- Yesterday, at 5 o' clock, I was going to the mall.
- Para expressar a interrupção de uma ação ou evento de longa duração, podemos combinar o
Simple Past e o Past continuous:
Ex.: - She was leaving when I arrived.
- He was going to bed when the phone rang.
- I cut myself when I was shaving.
1) Coloque os verbos na forma correta do past progressive:
1. When I phoned my friends, they _________________________(play) monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six I (prepare) _________________________dinner.
3. The kids (play) _________________________in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I (practice) _________________________the guitar when he came home.
5. We (not / cycle) _________________________all day.
6. While Aaron (work) _________________________ in his room, his friends
(swim)_______________________________in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (listen / not) _________________________.
8. What (you / do) _________________________yesterday at 5 pm?
9. Most of the time we (sit) _________________________in the park.
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9-10 am Go for morning run
10-11 am Shop for food
11 am-1pm Do the accounts
1-2 pm Have lunch
2-5 pm Have meeting with Gosport and Company
5-6 pm Travel home
6-8 pm Watch television
8-9 pm Prepare supper
2) Responda as perguntas de acordo com a agenda acima:
1. What was Peter doing at 6:15? He was watching television.
2. What was Peter doing at 10:30 ? …………………………………………………
3. What was Peter doing at 2:45? ………………………………………………..…
4. What was Peter doing at 8:20? …………………………………………………
5. What was Peter doing at 11: 00 …………………………………………………
6. What was Peter doing at 5:15? …………………………………………………
7. What was Peter doing at 9:00? …………………………………………………
3) Complete as frases com o simple past ou o past continuous:
1. John ………………………….(wait) for me when I ………………….(get home)
Ex.: John was waiting for me when I got home.
2. When I was a child I …………………………………. (want) to be a vet.
3. I…………………………….(cook) dinner when the phone ………………………(ring).
4. He………………………(run) down the road when the accident
………………..(happen)
5. I ………………..(meet)Alex at the station. He……………………………….(go) to
Liverpool.
6. We……………………………..(have) an argument when you …………………(arrive)
7. I ………………………….(drive) to Waitrose this morning when I ( run over)
……………………………… a duck.
8. When I last ……………………..(see) Hamish he ……………………………(hope) to get
a job in a library.
9. The evil man ……………………….(follow) me so I …………………….(run away)
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