unit history (u)

UNIT
HISTORY (U)
UNITED STATES MLLITARV LIAISON MISSION
TO COMh--NDER IN C'"EF
'"OUP OF SOVIET FORCES IN GERMANY
1971
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TILEIpurpose of t h i s docmcnt is to provide an annual. review of
the a c t i v i t i e s of the United S t a t e s Military Liaison NiS5iOn to the
Comander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in East Germany. Thc scope
of t h i s unit history is limitcd t o a s m a r y of the more significant
USMLM operations and liaison c m t a c t s with Soviet rilitary o f f i c i a l s .
'Shc b r i e f presentations on Soviet and E a s t Geman military developments
should be vicwcd by the render as conclusions roached by USMIM personncl through repetitive tours in E a s t Gemany rather than as facts
btised upon dctailed analysis.
:
UNITED STATES MILITMY L I A T S W MISSION
UNIT HJSTmY
197 1
TABLE OF CWTENTS
PAGE
PART
I
I1
I1 1
IV
GENLHAL
1
LIAISON ALTIVITTES
5
INCIDENTS AMI DETENTIONS
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION K Y I V I T I E S
17
23
SECTION A-GENERA!SECTION 3-RESTRI CTIONS
23
C - S W E I LlAMCt
25
SECT1
SLCI ION D-SIGNIFTCM
33
INTELLIGFKE COLLECTION
27
SFCTl ON E - E C m I C
47
SECTION F-POLTTTCAL
49
49
SECTTON
G-SOCIAL ATTITUOE
OF POPULAI'ION
WEEER-M4LINlN AGREWNT
A-1
J E R S M L ROSTtR
8-1
L I A I SW .?EETTNGS
C- 1
TEMPORARY RESTRICTE3 ARFAS CTRA'S)
D-1
1971 TO(1RING STATISTICS
E-1
O
R
W
I ZATIOWL CHART AN3 P E R S W L - 1 9 7 1
1--1
A.
IC)
KISSIOK
P r i m r y : To conduct liaison between thc Commnder in Chief,
United S t a t e s Amy, Europc (CllvC USAREJRJ, and t h e Ccmmaxder in Chicf,
Group of Sovict Forces, Germany ( C I K ZSPI;:, i n accordance w i t h t h e
provisions of the iIuehncr-Mal i n i n Agreenertt (ANMCX A) ,
Secondary: To exploit United States Military Liaison Mission
(USMLEI) status and potential for the collcction o f intelligencc i n f o r -
mation in East Gemany.
B.
(U]
REFERENCES
:I2 I J S E U R ,
1.
TDA El h'lAUkh 04,
2.
USHJCOPI Dircctivc 40-18 [ C l a s )
3.
IJSJZ~ELJRReEalation 383-27 (Claa).
14 May 1970.
.
Ihc basis f o r the existence of USMLM is t h e Huebiicr-Mtrlinin Agree'I'hc Agreement was s i g n e d .'.n March 1947 by Lieutenant: [:enera1
C.K. Huebner, D c p t y Comaxler in Chicf, Eurcpcan Command, arld
Colonel-General Malinin, Dcpty Commndcr in Chief and C h i d of S t a f f ,
Group of Soviet Occupation Forces, frcrmany. *lie Agreement established
R Rnv: e t Military Liaison Mission (SMLMj, prcsently accredited to CLNC
USAKUK and located in Fra2kSurt/Main; and the US?4lJi, presently accrclitcd t o CINE GSFG and located in Potsdan, East Germany. Tcrms of
the Asreemcnt tiuthorlze eazh Yission to h a w 14 accredited cembers
without regard t o service or grade, guarantee the r i g h t of free travcl
f o r accredited mcmhers throughout the zone ui thwt escort "excepC,
p;ace of disposi t i o n of military units", p e m i t the Missions to render
aid and p r o t r c t t h e interests of "pcople of t h e l r own country" In
t h e i r respective zoncs, grants the r i g h t of cxtratcrritoria: i t y o f the
Mission buildings, and rcq.Jircs cach signatory tc provide the n t i i e s
w i t h t h u necessary quarters, rat i nns, P.O. E. supplies and household
services. Similar agreements f o r establishment uf ai l i tary l i a<son
missions wcre signed between thc Sovicts and t h e Brj tish and thc Soviets
and thc French.
ment
~
Thc 14 accrcditatior~sare normally h e l d as follows:
Deputy Chief, USMM ( A i r Force)
1
Liaison Officers:
4
hir Forcc
2
Navy
1
NCOIC, Potsdm ( A m y ]
1
Drivers :
Any
3
Air Force
1
TOTAT.
14
USMLM is a USARELR scbordinatc unit accrcditcd to CINC, GSFL;.
Tho 'Sable of U i s t r i h t i o n and A1 lowances (TM 61-WlAirM-04) authorizes an Amy element of 9 officers and 23 enljstcd men. 'Shc Chief,
USMIM, is appointed by CIhT USARLUR. A Savy elemer,t of 1 o f f i c e r
and ar Air Force clement o f 5 oEfieers and 11 enlisted men are a t tached to the ?Ylission. Chief, USMLH, exprciscs corrvlland authority
over all elcments of the Mission.
The Deputy Chief of S t a f f , Tntclligcncc, USAREUR (DCSI, USXREUR) ,
cxerciscs primary staff supervj sion over USMLM, t o include thc provision of policy and o?erationaJ guidance and the levying of intelligence collection req3j rements .
CIYC USMVEUR and C I h X t'SIU;E exercise normal staff supervision
over the Kavy and A i r Force elements i n matt.rtrs involving a b i n i s t r a t i o n , discipline and training. A l l liaison and intclligencc collect i o n rcquirchents p r ~ i p ~f ~o r~ levy
i l
on USMM are suhmittcd to ClKC
USARWR f o r approval.
2
E.
(C) BnM1NlSTRAT!OS AN9 L0c;ISTTCS
Personnel:
(MiiEX B)
Officer Personnel: Colonel Frederick
C.
'Samer assumed duties as
Chief of Mission, USMLM, i n April 1971 upon t h c departure a? Coloncl
Howard M. Ridlie. In addition, four Army officcrs and thrcc A i r Force
officers dcparted during t h e year whilc three Army officers and two
Air Force cfficers wcrc nculy assigned.
Enlisted Persornel: Twenty Amy and one A i r Force cnlisted personnel departed during the year whilc twenty-tkee Army and m e Air
Force enlisted personnel wcre assigned.
Logj stics:
U. S . Support: Support rtndcrod by Berlin Brigade and TcmpeIhof
Ccntral Ai q o r t WBS outstanding.
Vehi cles: 'I'hc E Q S ~essential piece of cquipmertt in USXIM is the
tour car. USMU1 is allowed t o accredit a total of 10 cars f o r use in
East Gcrmany. Thc vehicles ysir'g tte accrcdi tcd passes travel led over
a quarter million miles on o?crationul missions in East Gemany during
1971.
During 1971 an agrecmcnt was workcd out whereby a vehicle pass for
a bus or truck could bc cxcbanged informally for thhslt of a sedan. This
greatly facj Iiratcd transportation requircmonts f o r social functicns in
I'otsdam and for upgrading t h e fumis'lings in t h e P o t s d m Mission H o ~ s e .
1971 Model sedans were received during the autumn and placed i n t o
t h e f l c e t as the o l d models K C ~ Cphased out. Several ncw rcfkements
were matlc in thc modification of vehicles, w i t h an attendant dccrcase
in down t i m e . Ry 31 ncccmber t h c toux flect consisted o f t h c following:
18 - 1971 Ford Custom Sedans
1
1970 Ford Station Wagon
-
Building/Gmiids Improvement : In 1971 many improvcmcnts were cade
in the physical appearance of t h c USMIM Hcrlin lnstallution including
an entire intcrnal paint j o b , conversion o f car shed i n t o a pcrmancnt
garage €aci1ity with individual bays with doors, rssurfacing of d.riveway, a concrete pad and apron in the motor pool area, and t h e acquisition of new furniture.
1971 a l s o saw an accclcrated program of interior decoration of thc
Potsdam Mission House, which includcd new furniture, drapcs and carpets
furnished through Berlin Brigade E 5 T D i v i s i o n .
3
Sovfet Support: The support providcd by the S o v i e t s is concerned
principally with providing building and ground maiatenance, issuance
of coupons f o r 2,500 liters of gas monthly, furnishizg and paying of
East Geman employees at the Potsdam HOUSB, and p o v i d i n g rations and
a ninimai amount: of f u r n i t u r e and d i m e m a r e . In 1972 t h e house was
painted, insjde and o u t , and receivcd many badly-needed repaj rs .
4
LIAISON ACTIVITIES
Only two meetings were held with SERB during thc first quarter of
1971. Thc first necting was rcquested by t h c Chief, USMLM in ordcr to
make arrangencnts with SERB for a change in glrcst passes f o r pcrsonnel
uttcnding a USMW social Cunction k e l d a t Potsdm on 6 Varch. Tho
second meeting was rcquested by SERB to rcgister low-level protcsts
regarding two mino? incidents involving USMIM t o m s on 2 2 and 23 March.
In thc second quartcr a new Chief arrived nnd t 3 e inevitable
' 1 % ~ new Chicf , banking on the ?rt.cc.dcnts of
a previous tour with USMLH, Orcssed t o opcn the Wartha-3erleshauscn
crossing poir,t to UWLM travel and t o expand thc S o v i e t v i s i t o r pass
policy, opening Potsdam Q I I C ~ again t n members of t h c Bcrlin garrison.
Each of thcsc efforts was a t lcast coriditionally succcssful after
various confrontations uith the S w i c t s . A May accident i r i which an
EGX truck ran a USMLM v c h i c l e off the road w a s folluwcd in June by
anoLher accident i n which a USMLM tour car struck an East German c i v i l ian notorcycle, w i t h tr;o civilians bcina hospitalized and t h e Soviets
i n i t i a l l y denanding compensation.
" s i zing -uy" process began.
In July a UWLN tour was deLaiiied inside a permanent restrictcd
area a t a Soviet a i r f j c l d and all t h e equipmcnt was s e i z e d hy the
Savicts. Thc personnel involved were declared personae non grata,
letters werc exchanged by t h e two headquarters, and the s u h j e c t gas
raised on the d i p l o m a t i c / ~ a s s a d n r i ~ Icvel.
l
Relations were extremely
tense until 3 September, when t h e f i r s t of t h c Rcrlin Accords was
initiated and US-Soviet relations changed ovcrnight
%c new relations
were cnfianccd on 1 2 October by the annwuncement of the forthcominR
Prcsidential v i s i t to the Soviet Uniort, and remained .~nusuallyg o d
during the remainder of t h e ycar.
B.
GUEST PASSES
Since the r i o t in 1965 at thc USMLM Potsdm House which resulted in
exter,sivc damage, t h e Suviets followed a p o l i c y n f prohibiting v i s i t s
by memhcrs of the Berlin garrison and c i v i l i a n s . This was apparently
donu in retribution l o r the unfavorable world-wide publicity, including Fhotographs, given this event. .%e policy was initially
5
enunciated as allowing only military visitors from the IISAFLEu;1 hcadquarters. This was later oxpanded t o allow lower-ranking technicians
f r m Bcrlin who could a s s i s t in the support ~f the Potsdam installation. *!?IC Soviets also required that the place of o r i g i n and the
purppose of v i s i t be stated.
Thhe newly arrived Chief, looking to the precedents of a previous
t o u r , and relying on the wording of t h c Huchncr-MaIinin Agreement,
refused t o acccpt t h e newly imposed Soviet requirments. In May he
requested guest passes for several colonels from USAREUR t o v i s i t theUSMM Potsdam House. SERB demanded to know the position hcld by the
v i s i t i n g officers, place of origin, and purpose a f v i s i t . The Chief,
USMIX rcpl-ied that (1) guest passcs had bcen requested in accordance
with t h e Huebner-Malinin Agreement and (2) that all DSAREUK headquarters
required from the Chicf of the Soviet Mission i n Frankfuyt werc the
rims and idcntity card nmbcrs of ththe guests, lhe Chicf, USMU4
furtF.:er stated t h a t the policy of h i s headquarters was that as thc
personal reprcsentativc o f the CINC, GSFG, the Chief of t h e Soviet
Y i s s i o n needed only t o indicate that t h e prescncc of guests w a s needed
or dcsired. 'the Chief, IISMIM was unwillir,g to acccpt anything less
than thc trcatmnt accorded the Chicf of tSc Soviet Mission.
The final reply from t h e Soviets t o t h e Chicf, who went t o p i c k
uq rkc Fasscs, was that, "inasmuch as you 3ave f a i l e d t o tslZ US W ~ O
the people are, whcrc thcy come from, and the purpose of the v i s i t ,
permission fox the guest passes cannot be granted." In a suhsequcnt
mcciing t h e Chief pointed out to t h e Soviets that the p o l i c y of h i s
headquarters, as wcll as comon courtesy, called EQX carlier notificat i o n of t h e refusal of gucst passcs. Subsequently, passes were refused
t o t h c civilian parcnrs of a USWLVI officer. ikon +hat time on (May
June), a l l requestcd passcs were issued and they were generally available for pickup the day before tho plannod v i s i t OT earlier.
-
In July the Berlin Brigado Chief of Staff attended the Fourth of
This was t h e first time since 1965 that a colonel from.
Berlin had visited Yotsdm. A t other social cvcnts l a t e r jn thc year
numerous lieutenant colonels and colonels from Berlin visited Potsdam.
The Snviers did, however, send a lattrr stating that visitors could
not visit places of interest in the Patsdam area. A policy of generall y ignoring t h i s Soviet edict was not challenged hy thr: Soviets during
the r e m i n d e r of t h e year.
July picnic.
In 1970 approximately 52 guest passcs were issued t o US pcrsannel
Fotsdan installation. Ihring 1971 chis m b c r
increased to Over three hundred; the issue of gucst passes appears
to bc s e t t l e d .
+o v i s i t the U S M M
6
C.
SOCIAI, CONTACTS
Social contacts between USMLM and Soviet personnel fmn SERR and
the GSPC headquarters increased significantly during the year. 'JIe
February Washington's Birthday party includcz several Soviet guests,
including generals fron the heaciquarters a t Zossen/Wuemdoxf.
In March an American brigadier general from Headquarters USAREUR
arrived at Potsdam f o r what was hoped would b e a mecting with a Soviet
general
However, t h e Soviet general d i d mot appear. In May t h e CIWC,
GSFE i n v i t e d thc new US Chief of Mission to Wuensdorf for what turned
out to be an hour's conversation.
A t t h e 4 July Independence Hay party, thrcc US general o f f i c e r s
were present and two S o v i c t generals attended. In Scptcher the
departing Soviet CINC again i n v j t e d the USMJM Chief to GSFG headquarters
t o b i d farewcll and introduce the new CIhT.
A t t h e October Cwlmbus Day dinner-dance an American corps commander was present with two other gcncral officcrs, and the Soviets recip
mcatcd w i t h two gcnerals attending.
A t Christmas t h e Chief, USMLM, went to the Headquarters, GSFG at
Wucnsdorf, t o present gifts on behalf of the CINC and Chief e € Staff,
USAREUR
.
AMLKlCW AND SWIET GENERAL OFFICERS ATTEWED
COLIN5LS 3AY CEI.FRRATIW AT THE POTSDAV: MISSION WUSE
7
5.
VISIT OF THE CINC, U S A E U R
On 14 October, the CINC, DSARWK arrived in Berlin on t h e cumand
d i e s e l train. It was decided at that time that he would b e available
a t 1300 hours t o v i s i t t h e USMLM Potsdam installation for about an
hour. The Chief proceeded to SERB and informed them that the CINC,
USAREUR would be at the Glienicke Bridge crossing p o i n t a t 1300 hours.
The Soviet reaction w a s immediate. They requested only the number uf
t h e USMLM car and who would be rkding in the vehicle. This was at 1000
hours. By 1100 hours, the Soviet personnel at the Ctienicke Bridge
crossing point had been notified. A t 1300 hours a l l the barriers were
raised, and the CINC crossed in a WSMM tour car without stopping. He
v i s i t e d tho USHLBrl Potsdam Eouse and remained f o r approximately an hour,
talking with tnur af'ficers, drivers, and the Chief, USMLM. Upon his
return t o Berlin the check point barriers were once aE:ain raised and
there was no check o f documents ox other delay at tho crossing.
CINC, USAREUR VIS I TS ME POTSDAM YOUSE
8
,-
E.
USE OF TllE KMTllA-IIERIESWUSEN BORDER CROSSING
Background
Prior t o 1971 t h e last rccordcd request made by the Chief, USMlAi
f o r passage thmugh thc border checkpoint was on I? 9ay 1967. Up
until that time, the crossing had bean used by USlvllH Chief aftcr arrangements were made through SERB t o ensure that Soviet personnel would be
present at the checkpoint. This right and precedence of crossing had
not, however, bcen exercised since.
Relations with t h e Sovj ets have repeatedly shown that they consider
rights and prccedents w h i d i are n o t exercised as being void. From t h e
political point of view, t h e Soviets have continued to emphasize t h e
allcged sovtrcignty of East Germany and have, tliereforc, heen interested
in maintaining only one paint of A l l i c d entry and exit ( a t Marienhom).
However, they havc bcen concerned for the crossing rights through
Wartha-Herteshausen checkpoint of the Soviet Missions in Frankfurt and
Baden-Eden. This was particularly true in conjunction with General
Kulikov's v i s i t t o Badcn-Baden during 1971. ?%us t h e question of
reciprocity was of concom to them.
The precedent f o r UWLM use of the Wartha-Herlcshausen crossing
point had been established several years ago. With the arrival of a
n w Chicf who had scrvcd i n USMLM during this period, an cxcellent
opportunity presentcrd i t s e l f tu reassert the right t o USI: thc crossing.
Utilization 01 t h i s crossing provides lcgat and ligitimatc reason
fox USMLM t o CTOSS through the Eiscnach PR4. From t h e imminence o f
hostilitics standpoint, this is significant sincc t h i s i s the area of
thc Fiilda Gap, whi ch has bccn a traditj onal invasion route.
Reassertion of USMU! Crossing Rights
A r i l : Dn 16 April 1971 t h e new Chief submitted a written requcst
to SERB or a crossing nt Wartha-Herleshauscn on 16 A p r i l . 'lhe.Soviets
did not reply and this crossing was not attempted. The failure of SERR
t o honor t h i s request was discuss& with t h e Acting Chief, SERB 01;
3 May 1971. Chief, USMLM rcfcrred t o the Iluebncr-Ma!iqin Agrement
and i t s basic premise of zecipracity, particularly with respect to
usage af t h e Wartha-Herloshausen crossjng t n f a c i l i t a t e nowenent hetween the American and Sovict Missions and thcir respcctivc headquarters. In answer to SERB'S protest that no S o v i e t personnel WDXU available at the checkpoint, the Chief, USHIW pointed uut that during his
previous tour, personnal had traveled to t h e checkpoint from the
EiSCnach Kommandatura to process USMM pecsonncl, j u s t as h c r i c a n
Is?
9
military personnel ~ T O HBad Hersfeld always accmodated S o v i e t Military
Mission personnel, It was further pointed out that altemate routes of
travel such as the Helnstedt Autobahn or air travel were equally available to bo# missions.
However. the Chief, W
L
M s t a t e d t h a t it w a s in the best intcrcsts
of both headquarters to facilizatc by a l l possible means the movement
of US and Soviet mission personnel t o their respective hcadquartors.
A t the conclusion of thc meeting, the SERB representativc stated he would
inquire into t h e question of U W M usage of t h e crossing point and inquired when the Chief, UISMLM would again want. to t r a w l to his headquarters.
: On 10 May 1971 t h c Chief again submitted a written request t o
e x i t t e Soviet Zone a t Fartha on 13 May. Again, SERB gave no reply t o
this rcqucst. Ncvcrtheless, the Chief a d a drivcr proceeded to the
Hartha crossing. A t the i n i t i a l checkpoint, the E a s t German guard was
asked in Russian i f the local Soviet komandant or h i s rcprcscntative
vas present. The German replied by ordering a truck to block the road
behind t h e U%.lBI vehiclc and prevented forward travel by placing LI car
in f r o n t . As civilian traffic backed up in both directions, the Germans
li€tcd the barricr and directed t h c US9I.M vehicle i n t o a drivcway on the
apposite s i d c . After much telephoning, thc guard returned and asked f o r
t h e Chief's destinatian and for his identification. No idcntification
was shown. Answering in Russian, thc Chief mcntioned Hejdelbcrg, which
thc guard understood, One hour and five minutcs l a t e r t h e guard motioned t h e Chief touard Wartha. The f i n a l three barriers werc opened by
East German Border Police without hcsitation, and t h c USMLM vehiclc proceeded through the haggagc and vchiclt inspection a r m without stopping.
%
On 14 May the Chief attcmptcd t o cross hack into the S o v i e t Zone
via the Wartha checkpoint but was ultimatcly turned back after a tenhour wait. Mo Soviets H C ~ Cprcscnt t o process t h e U S M M vchicle, and
the Germans insisted the only crossing pnint for lJSMTJ4 personnel was at
Marienborn. lKhon confronted with the fact that thc WSMLM vehiclc had
crossed the previous day, the East G s m n s replied t h a t t h a t had no
bearing on t h e pxesent. Furthemsnorc, they rcpcatedly szatcd t h a t the
Soviet Headquarters had given instructions that only Mari anhorn could be
used t o cross thc East-West Gcrnan border. Thc sovercignty of the socallcd Gcrman Democratic Rephlic was strcascd, and the East German
officer was adamant t h a t t h e USMJM vchiclc could nut proceed farther.
A t 0500 baurs the following morning, the Chief returned to West Gcmany
and proceeded t o t h e Maxienborn crussing.
The East Ccman guard ut Mari enhorn 6emandod a border crossing s l i p
which t h e Chicf refused to surrender. He infomed the Soviet lieutenant
10
on duty that t h e USMLY vehjcle was accredited to the headquarters,
GSFG, with a Soviet-issued license p l a t e , and that hc would not
becomc involvcd with local authorities. Finally, the Soviet officer
gave the barrier pass t o the East Gcrman and the Chief proceeded to
Potsdam.
On 20 May the Chicf, USMLM met again with thc Acting Chief, SERB.
tle related h i s expericnccs a t the Wartha checkpoint and requested that
the matter be resolved. The Soviets repeated t h e familiar assertion
that asrangcracnts to cross at Wartha would h w c t o be made with local
authorities. However, they said thc USMLV request had been given to
t h e Deputy Chief of S t a f f at GSFG lieadquarters and was beirig studied.
The Chief, USMLY w a s advised t o proceed to h i s headquarters in the
same manner as h i s predecessor ( i .t!. , by air)
.
'Ihc Chief, SERB was present at a mecting on 24 May when Chicf,
USMM raised the: sensitive matter of the Soviets' failure t o horior
t h e rcquest for a USMLV crossing a t Wartha i n t o West Germany. The
Chief, SERB rcitcratod the arguments that no Sovict personnel are
stationed a t Wartha and emphasircd the sovereignty of East Germany.
,-
The Chief, U5.W again reminded the Soviets of t h e efforts made
by the American Mjlitary Police to facilitate the crossing of Soviet
Military Mission vehicles at Wartha. Despite references to reciprocity
and the Huebncr-Malinin Agreement, the Chief, SERB ins istcd t h e Soviets
had no control ovcr local nationals and the discussion closed on that
note.
The discussion continued on 21, May when the Chief, USMLM gave
authori z a t i on f o r a Soviet Mission crossing a t Hartha-Herleshausen
on 1 June. Hc cxplaincd to the Chief and Deputy Chief, SERB, that he
would sign thc authorization and, as hc probably would be visiting
his headquarters some tine in June, hc certainly expected reciprocal
courtcsy
<'
7
-
June: Tn June t h e issuc was not pursucd since a more propitious
opportunity nould present itself early in July when the newly arrived
CINC, USAWUR would host a reception to which the Soviets would be
invited.
On 7 July IJSMIM submitted an informal request far a crossing
a t Wartlia on 9 July. The Chief and Deputy a i e f , SlvILM had been invited
t o t h e CINC's reception on the 10th and SERB realized that this w a r a
rcquost from the Chief, U.SMLM to zravel t o tho CINC's reception, USMLV's
leverage was further cnhanecd early on 8 July when a request was re-
ceived from the Soviets :%or a crossing f o r the Soviet Missitm in BadenBaden. When no word regarding thc U W L M rcquest had been received on
11
Ch i c f , USMIM procceded t a SERB w i t h the unsigncd BndenBaden Soviet Mission travel docmiehts and inquircd about h i s own travel.
The Soviet response was that no word had yet been received fmm thcir
W comcntcd that
headquarters authorizing the crossing. Chief, U
ke nas awaiting word fron h i s headquarters and assumed t h a t both h i s
a u t h o r i z a t i o n and that f o r the Badcn-Baden Soviet Mission would be
rcady a t approximately t h e sme tilm. About Eive minutes p r i o r to
SER3's closing time, word was received that a Soviet Kommandant would
ha present a t Wartha to assist the WMLM vehiclc through the checkpoint. The Chief, USMLM replied that nccessary signed documents for
the Soviet Missioii's crossing were: 'also ready. C W E Y T : It appearcd
that the Soviets were under presnijrc riot t o alienate the newly arrived
C T W and particularly not t u prevent the Chief, WSMN from attending
h i s own CINC's rcccption to which the Chief, S M M a l s o had hccn invited.
Aftcr thc prcvious incidcnt , they probably assuncd corrcctly that thc
Chief, USMLM would cithcr go t a thc border and wait or charge t h a t he
was denied access to h i 5 nun headquarters far thc CINC's reception.
This was further strengthcned by the timely receipt o f t h c request f o r
t h e Baden-Badcn Soviet Mission travel and the imp1 i ed threat that t h e i r
travel would nut bc qprovcd i f approval for the USU1.M travel was not
forthcoming. A t this point the Soviets gavc in. In typically Soviet
s t y l e , the Soviet C O T K ~ S S ~ was
Q ~ nevcr mentioned again.
8 July, thc
August: In August another crossing was requested and granted;
howevcr, on this occasion some delay was experienced. The Soviet o f f i cer'at thc checkpoint took thc Chhicf's documents and made a tclephone
c a l l , upon the c o q l e t i o n of which he infomed the C h i d that there
w w l d be a slight delay. After waiting 30 minutes, t h c Chief inquired
as t o the reason for the delay. He was informed by the Sovict officer
that the Ceman Border Guards had not reccivcd instructions f r o m thcir
headquarters. The delar was protested and it was pointed out that
t h e arrangements f o r the cro'ssing had been made through SERB and that t h e
Germans d i d not cnter inthathe picture. Thirty minutes later the phone
rang and imcdiatcly thercaftcr the Soviet o f f i c e r escorted the UMLM
vehicle through thc bnrricrs and stated that he would be there for t h c
return t r i p . A t 1815 hours t h a t same day, the Patsdam Duty Officcr
received a c a l l frm t h c Chief, REM who stated t h a t the delay w a s
caused Pry a Soviet o f f i c c i who bid n o t fallow instructions. Ib further stated t h a t the o f f i c e r would be punished and ayologized fox the dclay. The rcturn t r i p on 21 August experienced no problems.
~
September: In September arrangcwcnts f o r crossing were requested
thkusual two days in advance. The Sovicts thus received t h e request
on a Thursday for a crossing o n the f o l l o w i n g Monday. The only diffcrence t h i s t h e was that the notification of crossfng indicated Car @ 23
i n s t e a d of the usual Car 4 28, the 13licf's staff car. On Friday SERB
called the Potsdam Duty Officcr and asked to havc t h e occupmmts
12
,' .
identified in advance. The requests merely indicated t h c car number
alone, sincc the object was to establish that any I J S M A officer could
travel in any vehicle. Unfortunately, thc Chief was not present when
SERB called and the duly o f f i c e r i d e n t i f i e d the occupants. Thc procedent for the previous crossings a t Wartha-Ilerlcshausen (1961-1966)
was that only the Chief o f Mission had used this route. Tt w a s suspecreJ that had not the Chief heen identificd as going, thc Soviets m i g k t
hwvc rcfused t h i s crossing.
,-.
Cunsequently, in viek. of these considcrations it was dcsided t h a t
the occupants should bc c3anged as well as the timc of crossing, sincc
the Soviets had been mistakenly t o l d who was crossing. One of the
occupants thus was to f l y t o Frankfurt instcad of using the vehicle, and
the crossing time was set back some two hours. Ry Manday xorning,
13 September, the S o v i e t s had not called t o notify US9LM that t h e crossing
had b c m arranged. A routine telephonc c a l l to SERB on other ratters
'showed that no onc with ailthority was present, and it was suspcctcd
t h a t , had a query about the crossing arrangements been made, the Soviets
would'have tried t o finesse out of a comitment by stating that no one
was avai li-hle to make rhc arrangement. Conscqucntly, the Clief left
tho Potsdam i n s t a l l a t i o n late, and t h e Duty Officer there as per instructions called to advise thc Sovjets that thc Chief would be delayed
arriving at Martha. Thus the Soviets had f o u r hours i n which to notify
thc Kommandant at Wartha o f t h e delay and had no opportunity to finesse
out of the crossing.
A t Warthn the Komandant requested thc passes and the vehicle pass
and permission to look undcr the hood t u chcck the motor number. lie HSI
not allowed to check under the hood, but d i d not prcss thc point. He
inquired about t h e third person who bad originally h c n reported to
SERB as accompanying t h e Chief, but d i d not seem overly surprised t o be
informed that only two people WBXC making the t r i p . Mtcr looking a t
the passcsr he motioned t h e vehicle without delay through the barriars.
A third officer accompanied thc Chicf back thruugh WarLha un 16
September. 'fie Komandant ncithcr commented, nor d i d hc express sur-
prise upon sceing three people in the car, and this time hc d i d not
request t o see t h c car pass. The prcctdcnts set on this t r i p included
changing the crossing time upon departurc from Potsdam IIwse and more
poople in the cur on t h e rctum trip than on the outgoing t r i p . The
Soviets for the f i r s t time requested the names of the occupants hf t h e
vehiclc and they .received them erroneously prior t o the t r i p . The
Soviets also failed to n o t i f y USMLM if thc crossing had been arranged.
Finally t h f s was t h e f i r s t crossing involving members of the three
d i f f e r e n t services.
13
October: Another trip was arranged for the 7th and ths 10th of
O c t o m E R R called and asked for the rimes of the occupants and were
t o l d the Chief and il driver. Instead t h e Chief and his wife went w i t h out a driver; t h e m w a s no delay and no car pass was asked for. The
return trip w a s aburted, as the vehicle hroke down in West tiermany and
t h e Chicf ftcw back, the Potsdau Duty Officer notifying SERB ahout onch a l f haur before thc schedulcd crossing.
Sovember: In Sovember a crossing was arranged for thc Chief t o
attend the cclcbration of Soviet Rcvolution Uay at the S o v i e t Mission
in Frankfurt. As on t h e previous two occasions, the G%ief, SERB persona l l y called the Potsdam Duty Officer and requested the i d e n t i t i e s of the
travelcrs; he was t o l d the Chief, his wife, and a driver. Eowever,
the Chief and h i s w i f e went alone and passed through i n both directions
without incident and without showing t h c car pass.
For the first time, t w o crossings ucrC requested in Novwiher. thc
second €or t h e 13th of h'ovember. P r i o r t o t h i s crossing, SERB called
numerous timcs attempting to discwcr t h c i d e n t i t y of the persons
traveling, and i n a meeting on 11 Fovcmbcr t h c Dcputy Chief of SERB
asked the Deputy, USMM the identity of the travelers. The USMLPI
Deputy said he HIS n o t aware of thc identity of t h e travelers and questioned the need for SERB t o know, pointing out that thc Soviets only
provide n o t i c c of transit
Ilepiity Chief, SERB indicated that he was
w e m y ~f c a l l i n g cach time t o request t h e narnes Qf t h e travelers and
indicaacd that i t would he hctter to include t.hm in the written request.
Dcputy, UWLV s t a t e d that he did not know the identities of the
travclers, b u t would check on it. Subsequently, the Patsdam l h t y
Officcr provided t h e names after checking with Berlin.
.
.
.
P r i o r Vo departing Potsdm IIousc, the Potsdam Duty Officer called
SERB and notified t h e m . o i 'a dclay in departure t i m e . SERB only commented
t h a t they woirld pass the delay along to t h e i r headquarters. Thc crossing
to hrcst Germany was effecLed without delay, and, far the first time,
no return drossing W L ~ q u e s t e d , leaving t h c d a t t open. When t h e
Kommadant at Wartha asked about the return, t h e Chief told him towards
thc end of t h e same week, but remained very indefinite. On Friday
morning the Ileputy'Chief, USWM n o t i f i e d SERB of t h e time of thc Chief's
return crossing on Saturday afternoon o f the 20th of Kovem3er. The
return crossing was also without incident.
This was the f i r s t time that two crossings had been effccted in one
rhonth and also the first instance in which thc d a t e and time for rctum
had not been given in t h e informal request. Also for thc f i r s t timc a
crossing was arrangcd by tclcphone and less than two days notice given.
14
However, the Swiets continued t o insist on knowing t h e i d e n t i t y o f
t h e travclcrs in advance. whcn the Chief of SERB again requested i n
a 22 November meeting that t h e original written request contain the
identities of t h e travelers, the date and t i m e of crossing and the
vehicle nunber, the C h i e f of USMLM said that t h i s infomation was not
provided by SMLM t o the A l l i e d Contact Section in Frankfurt and only a
two hour lead time was given. Chief, SERB ended thc convcrsation by
saying that the Chief, SMlM (Colonel Spivak) had been instructed to
give such infomattion t o Allied Contact Section. Chief, USMM sair?
that he would be g l d t o tomply w i t h the requcst, but t h a t substitution
due ta unfaresecn con& tions might ncccssitate change, whj ch Chief,
SERB accepted, saying that as long as tho original request contained
a l l the informarion, telephone change could be made later.
December: On the 6th of December a writtcn request w a s g i v e n t o
SERB asking for a crossing on the 7th and l l t h of Uccemher by t h e
Chic€ snd two liaison officers. SERB was advised on the morning of
t h o 7th that thc Ikputy Cb.Ief would take t h e Chief '3 place as per the
agreement in the meeting of 22 November. The e x i t t r i p occurred without
incidcnt. The return t r i p involved only the Deputy C h i e f and a
liaison o f f i c e r , the third o f f i c e r having flown back. Again this trip
passed w i t 3 w t incident, and for t h o f i r s t time t h e r ~was a substitution f o r the Chief, U S U .
Conclusion: Thc year 1971 has seen the reopcning of the WarthaHerleshausen checkpoint far the USMM Chief and Deputy Chief accompanied by other accrcdited personnel. Plans have bcen made to continue
the trips and to attempt to hawe the crossing opcn t o any OT a l l
accrcdi ted personnel on short naticc.
15
.
...
PART IIY
Following are summaries of incidcnts and detentions which occurred
during 1473:
On 11 January a tour was detained near Tuchein by a Soviet licuutenit attmpted to pass a convoy of Soviet vehicles. Tho
tour was subsequently taken t o the Brandanburg Kommnndatura, where the
officer was charged with phatographing Soviet military equipment. After
a t o t a l of seven hours, the tour was releascd.
ant colonne3 as
On 22 March a t w r was apprehcndcd by a Soviet lieutenant colonel
wi el d i n g a p i s t o l . The tour had been attompting t o pass LI Soviet
convoy. A t the Brandcnburg Kommandatura, the tour officer denied
charges of pursuing, joining, and photographing the convoy. The tour
was detained 12 hours and 40 ninutes.
On 23 March a t o u r was stopped near Gera by a S o v i e t major who
f a l s e l y accused tour of being in a permanent restricted arca (PRA).
The Soviet o f f i c e r instructed the OUT to wait, and he l o f t t o n o t i f y
other Soviet authorities. The Soviet officc? had not returned a f t e r a
t h h t y minute period, so t h e t o u r departed the area and retuned to
Y o t s d m . As thc tour officer attempted to CTOSS the Soviet checkpoint
a t t h c Glienicke Bridge, hc was detained and escorted t o the Potsdm
Konmandatura, where minor allegati ons were m a d e . Evidence indicatcd
that the tour car was forcefully entercd while parkcd in the Kommdatura compound. Thc afficer was allowed t o rcturn t o Berlin after spendInl: the night a t the Konmandatura. Tho t o t a l time of the detention was
11 hours and 50 minutes.
On 3 May a tour w a s detained seven hours a t Wittenberg after a
Soviet major rammed the tour car with an UAZ-69. Charges of being i n
a restrictcd arca WCTC denied.
Ligkt damages were sustained by both
vehicles.
On 20 M y a tour with t w o officers and an enlisted driver was struck
and forccd of€ the road by -an East German Army lJRAL-375 driven hy a
student drivcr. The truck's brakes lacked, causing it to swcrw into
the path of tlie tour car. One tour officer suffered minor cuts and
bruiscq; he was evacuated by an East Gcrman ambulance t o a hospital
in Pasewalk, where hc was t r e a t e d . After an e i g h t hour recovery period,
he was rclcased t o a USMiM recovcry team. A sccond recovcry t c m ,
which had been dispatched to rctiirn thc damaged tour car to Yotsdam,
17
was dirccted t o return t o Potsdam without the wrecked USM!.M vehicle.
The following morning the recovey team returned t o Prcnzlau, where
it was allawed t o t o w the damagcd car back to B c r l i n . 1)uring subscquent
mectings between the Chief, SERB and t h e Chi ef, llSMLM, the Soviets
adopted t h e i r usual stance, assiming sf1 h l m e f o r thc accident to
the USMLM tour vehicle dcspite the fact that thc East German driving
Enstructor a t the scene of the accident had acknowledged h i s student's
responsibility for causing the collision.
On 28 May a tour was dctained 11 hours and 30 minutes a f t e r heing
stopped by a wcll-organized flecz of V o l k s p l i z e i sedans who had set up
a series of roadblocks on all. primary and secondary roads in thc vicinity
of Sanitz, which is heavily signed with mission r e s t r i c t i o n signs [MRS).
Custody of tho apprehended mission tour has turned Over t o t h e Soviet
o f f i c i a l s who arrived an the sccne. The tour was taken t o the Komandatura in Rostock, frm which it was rcleased after denying t h e usual
charges
On 4 Junc a tour was dctained near the village of Tambach by East
German Army personnel after a m i l d collision with a Volkspolizei car
while attempting to elude VoPo and E k q t Geman S t a t e Security surveillance vehicles. The Savict officers who arrived from an unknown
location t o investigate re1 cascL t h e tour after thc vehi cl cs involvcd
W ~ S C re-positioned and photographed t o show thc USMW vchicle a t f a u l t .
The total time of dotention was t w o hours and 20 minutes.
During thc afternoor. of 24 June a t ~ consisting
r
of two officers
and a driver accidentally collided H i t 1 1 a motorcycle, injurinE its two
Easr German civilian passengers. Attempts by East German p o l i c c to
interrogate the tour a t th'e sccne of thc accident were resistcd, and
a Soviet officcr was swxmoncd. Approximately thirty minutes after the
accident, an East German ambulance transportcd the injured civilians
t o a hospital in Grossenhain. Soviet officers from t h e Komandatura in
Rieslr arrived cxactly thrce hours after the accident. 'Ihcy charged the
U N L M tour with total responsibility for thc accident. Xie S o v i e t
allegations were denied, and it was pointed out t h a t thc East Gcrmac
motorcycle was Fravcling on the wrung side of the road, thus causing
the accident. Both tcur officers were then taken to Riesa, while t h e
driver remaincd w i t h thc immobilized tour car. 'Jhc U S M M vehicle was
subsequently tuwed LO the Riesa Komandatura by a Soviet t r u c k . A t the
Komandatura, both officers we.* accused by the Dcputy Chief, SERB of
traveling at excess s p c d on thc wrong sidc of the road, causing t h c
collision. Thc U S . U officers VigQFOUSly dcnied these accusations. The
senior tour vfficer was informed t h a t the b i l l coverTng damages and
personal injury amounted t o 25,680 East Marks and that the GSFG Chicf
of Staff would cuntact thc U S W K Chicf of Staff tn resolve t h e matter.
18
Thc tour vias then released t o a recovcry team and allowed t o r e t u r n t o
Potsdam. Fma the time of the accident until t 3 e tour was released
appmxinatery 30 hours elapsed.
On 27 July an officer and drivor wcxe operating in thc pemanent
restricted area at thc Sovict A i r f i e l d near Juctcrbog. They were
surprised in thcir observation point by approximately 1 2 Soviet s o l d i e r s
who forcibly threw both tour acmhers t o t h e ground, tied their h-ands,
confiscatcd a l l t h c i r equipment, and drove them, in the hack of an
ambulance, t o the airbk-c and then t o t h e Kolnnandatura ia Juederbog.
Both the o f f i c c r and thc drivor W ~ T Cinterrogated for scveral hours,
with the Soviets lahsling the tour officer a "Second Francis Gary
Pmcrs". The o f f i c e r denied knowing he w a s i n s i d e a permanent rts t r i c t a d area but acknowledffed taking photographs of aircraft. The
Chief, SEWS personally visited the S C C ~ Cof the detention and returned
ta the Juctertrog Komnandatura t o inform the tour officer that he was
indeed g u i l t y o f a PRA violattion. 711e tour was escorted back to Potsdam i n the late evening hours. Upon thcir arrival in Potsdam, the
Deputy Chief, SERB dircctcd the tour t o go to the USMLM Potsdm 1 1 0 ~ ~
and rm'ain there until otherwise directed. The Soviets kept both
passes until tho following afternoon, when they were returned and the
tour pcrsonnel were allowed t o return t o West Berlin. Approximately
t h i r t y hours elapsed from the time of the apprehension t o the return
of the Soviet documentation. On 11 August a meeting was held with
the Sovicts at w h i c h the Chief, USMtM H ~ Sinformed that the tour
o f f i c e r and the driver involved in the PRA violation could no longer
llave Soviet accreditation and were declared personae non grata. Some
of t h e equipment which had becn taken at the scene of the detention
was returned, but the following items werc retained by the Savicts:
...-
2 Fiikon F camcras with motor drives
2 PYE two-way radios
' Nikkor 200 mm lcns
f / Z . 8 . . ,': .,
* .
Nikkor 1000 mm lens. . ,
. *
Novoflex 400 mn lens f/5.'6 with pistol grip
Lmas ix Li Rhtmcter
Ponrax Spotmcter
Ilensoldr Hi noculars
Philips Cassette Tapc Recorder w i t h nicrophone
F.arRt camera bag
Map Case
A i r c m f t identification book
Nut ebook
Compass
Hucbncr-Mal i ni n Agreement
1/100,000 Maps w i t h PRAs and PIRS annotated C1 s e t ]
19
6
1/50,000 Target Yaps annotated with PRRS, MRS, OYs and
s ome i nst a l Iat i ons
8
Rolls ' h i - X f i l m
Rolls Plus-X f i l m
2 ?lolls High Spced Ektackramc
3
EQU I PM€tdT COMFI SCATED BY SOVI ETS
20
The final detention o f the ycar occurred on 19 August, when a tour
stoppcd in Strassgraebchen by an East Gemw Amy lieutenant colonel
after thc tour vehicle had severely damaged its steering mechanism while
negotiating a t r a i l in the vicinity of Kmenz. Thc SovI e t Kmandant
from Koenigsbrueck arrived to investigate, and in collaboration with the
East Gemon of€icer, falsely accused the tour of vjolating mission res t r i c t i o n signs in the area. The t o u r officer was taken t o the Dresden
Komandatura, where he was allowed t o telephone the mission house in
Potsdam to request a recovery team. After the tour officer was returned
to the d i s a b l e d USMW V 8 h i C l e , plcasanrrits were exchanged and the tour
w a s released. The t i m e of the detention was seven hours.
waq
21
PART
rv
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION ACTIVITIES
A.
(S) GENERAT,
USPILM's intclligence collection is accomplished by overt ground
reconnaissance cond-xted by the fourteen military ?crsonnel accrcdited
t o t h e Commander ir. Chicf, G r u q of Soviet Forces in Germany. Ion
vchi cl cs, wk.ich arc modified to increase their cross -country mobility,
are likewise accredited. l':Tesc sccans bear Soviet-issued license plates
whic3 i d e n t i f y thc car by number, 'fit Potsdam Yission Housc scrves as thc
operational base :'or a1 I actjvi t i e s in East Germany; thc Mission Hcadquarters and a l l support facilities arc located in Wcst Berlin. Tntelligcncc c o l l e c t i o n a c t i v i t i c s arc closely coordinated with representatives
of the British and French Military I.taison Missions during a weekly
tri-mission opcrationr; RcctinR.
B.
(S) RESTRICTIONS
The S o v i e t 5edquarte-s has recngnizcd the inte1:igence collection
capability of tF.e A l l i e d M i l i t a r y Li a i soli Missions arid imyoscZ several
restrictive mcasurcs intenried to r e s t r i c t the observation of Soviet and
t3ast Cermaii military forces.
Permancnt
_ . . - . Rcstrictcd
_ . . f . 4 _ - . . Areas (PRAs) deny A1 1 ied M i 1 itary Liaison
Miss'ions t h e right of travgl ii approxilately 38% of b a s t Germany.
These PIlAs arc designed t o embrace large garrison COT 1 cxcs , ai rfi cl ds ,
missile s i t e s , major training areas, and a l l border arcas. TF.:crc ncrc
no changes in t h e configuyation or mount o f area cnvercd 3 y PRAs i n 1971.
"
Tem~orary
*- . . ..
WestricTeci- .. . Are_z (TIL4s) a r e normally imposed to screen
signi-ficant training a c t i v i t y
Nineteen TRAs were effected during 1971
for a t o t a l of apprDxis,ately 116 days. These TRAs werr RensralLy imposed
in such a fashion as t o link up w i t h PRAs, eft'cctivcly dcr.ylnR allied
mission travel in not only t h e arca of thc TRA hut. in the t a t a t a f e a
of both restrictcd arcas. This ncthod Qf Icvying '~ILlsoftell limits
access to a very large geographical area to t r a w l on the auto5ahns.
The limber of TK4s duririg 1971 w'as six lcss than imposcd during 1970;
it was, however, about normal o f prcvious years. +Ihcavcragc lcngth of
T M s vias 6.1 days ab cumpard with 6 . 3 €or previous ycars. No s i g n i f i c a n t
difference in the character and purposc of a c t i v i t y notcd witkin the TIu\s
was discernible. ' f i e longcst 'I'M was 10 days as conparcd with 23 days
f o r t h e previous year.
23
Mission Rcestriction SiRns (MKS’s) arc positioncd Sy both Soviet
and East German forces t o block access t o most military installations
located outside PMs. Approximately 7,000 MRS s restrict access tu
major r o u t e s , highways, secondary roads, and trails which lead to
i n t e l l i g m c e c o l l c c t i o n targets. During the last four ncnths of 19’Jl,
approximately 125 of t h e s e signs were removed by 1ISN.M personnel. The
enphasis during this sign removal campaign was on disposing of signs
which hlocked allied usage of majar through routes. Due t o t h e rclativcly small percentage of signs rcmvcd, it has not keen possible to
positively i d e n t i f y the action taken by the East German a d Soviet
Eerces to counter the removal of s i p s hy a l l i e d missions. T t appcars,
however, t h a t the East Germans tend to replace tom-down signs more
rapidly than do t h e Soviets. It has also ieen ohscrvcd t h a t whcn s i g n s
are replaced, two o r moTc signs often reappear in t h c area where one
had been tom down.
ATTENTION!
PASSAGE AUX
MEMBRES des MISSIONS MlLlTAlRES
’ ..
ETRANGEFSES de LIAISON es+ IMTEROIT!
‘‘2
0urchfohr.C fiiir d$s P~FSO~IO!der
nu sllindis c hen MiJi#irwarbindungs
MISSIOWEN is+ VENBCTEN !
’
C.
(C)
SURVLILIAANCE (One Step Ahead?)
Extensive survcillancc of J'SMLM and Allicd Mission tours travelling
throughout the Soviet ZQIE o f Scrmany continucd during 1971 at essentrally the same increased lcvel noted in thc rccent ?last. This was characterized :?y overt covorage by police organizations and othcr hostile
cl cmnts plus cssent i al ly covert coverage by Miriiatry of Statc Security
(MfS) elements.
-
Overt Survcillmcc: USMM tours arc forc.eed to COJC with hostile
siirveiIlancc elements which are very e f l i z i c n t l y organized, possoss a
f u l l range of communications mppnrt, and aze aupnented by nmcrous
individ:iols and organizations hostile t o OUT presence. 'Ihese include
t h c East German nat.ionn1 p o l i c e apparatus, such as the VolkspoLizei
(People's Tolicc} , Crenzpclizei (Border Foliccj , BeTeitscSnftspol isci
[Alert P o l i c e ) , and Trensportpolizei l K a i lway Folice)
T h i s vast
network is augmented try pwlitical officials, foresters, collcctive
enterprj se rnannRcrs, and "d3-gooder" ci t i zens. Thc chances arc excel lent
that amy tour vehicle s i g h t e d by any o f the category of p r s o n n e l
emme-ated crbovc w i l l b e reported to the central surveillance headquarters, MfS Departneat "K" in Yotsdam. The GSFG a l s o hxq a r e p o r t i n g
system headed by ' t o CI Organization a t Zossenfhmsdorf. Move?ment of
a tour during daylight hours through and i n the vicinity of l a r g e metropolitan arcas or smalLcr towns and villages w i l i result in t h e app?ctlrancr:
of a Volkspolizei (VOPO) vehicle to eszort thc tour vehicle whcrcvcr it
goes. Such escort a c t i v i t y is quite Fersi s t e s t and trsnsgresses t.hc
Leogsaphi cal zones of V O W responsibility, with the t a m v c h i c l e beiIig
''handed o f f " t o t h e next z o x c .
I
.
-
Thc M f S i s &.arged with m n i t m i n g the mowCovert S.m-vci13ance:
-menl and activities of t h c three Allied military l i a i s o n rr.issions.
Uopartme.zt "K" has a pool of nanpflwar and a largc f l e e t of v c h i c l e s
ttssiRncd to accomplish t h i s mission. TYe increasc in t h e mmnt of
civilian t r a f f i c present on t h j s road artcrias of East Gemany has increased dramatically wcr the p a s t 5 years, compounding t h e d i fficultics
inherent in identifying these MfS agents, affcctionatcly c s l l e c '%ARKS"
by t h e A l I L e d Missions. 'fie MfS vehi cles are sonewhat distinctive in
that they arc often Wartburg m Volga sedans equipFcd w i t h f v g llghts,
two outside rear-view mirrors, tow F.ooks, and other spccial equipmnt. In
addition, Western vchicles such as BM%, Mcrcedes, arid even Chevrolet have
bccn confirmed t o bc in use by PIfS agent.s. Tour personae; a l s o arc o f t c n
a h l c t o r e c o p i z e the passcngers as being b!f5 agcnts. 'J'his PO01 of
regularly assigncd pcrsonncl and vehicles is assisted by what are called
''local KARKs", who appear to Sc individuals who atilizc t h c t r clwn
personal vcbicle :?ut who are "on call" t o assist in tracking down a
t o u r vehiclc reported t o >e in the area. 'The l o c a l s not only increase
the furce deployed against r h e t o u r , but provide t.hcir own intimate
knowledge of t h e local area roads an3 trails.
... .
YARK
CAR
Surveillance Tactics: Overt survci2lunce dements tcnd to simply
,
make t:hei r prcsence painfully obvious and annoying. H O W C V C ~rorc
aggressive t a c t i c s I such as a t tempts st detention, Vavc been noted.
Covert e l ~ n c ~ i tare
s €ax more dangcrous, s i n c e t L e i r main fiissian is t o
covertly locatc a tOur engaged in intelligence collection activities,
photograph t h i s activi tyl and set ur means whereby the t o u r can be b x e d
in and detained. Thcir o b j e c t i v e appears to bc tu eabarass t h e nisslan
personnel involved through the use of documented evidence of tF.eir i l l t g a l
intelligence activities 5 0 t h a t the missinn i t s e l f can be severely
discredited and t h e individuals declared personae non g r a t a . FortunaLcly ,
thc MES is rarely fully successfhl in these attempts. P m t i a l Success
is, h o w ~ v e r ,a comnan occurrence.
26
A3;icd Countcmeasures: A nunbcr of aeasures can he employed hy
the tour persnnnel to blunt or n u l l i f y the S U C C ~ S S of thc L o s t i l e
survcillance. Sonc of. the main t a c t i c s uscd are movement only during
the hours of darkness, mute selection t o avoid populatcd arcas, and
continually stayinR on t h e move. liowevcr, t a r g e t t y p e s and 1ocat.ions
oftcn preciuie t h e use of the l a t t e r two mtasurcs. For example,
targets may be a Sovict installation in z i malor c i t y or the d'scmvat i m and photographing of Sovict aircraft carryiq out a flying program
in thc v i c i n i t y of their home basc. Another thing seriously reducing
t h e countermcasurc options available :o tour personnel is that t h c
t k m c A l l i e d Missions h a m bcen operating in East Gemany for almost
25 years and OUT arcas o f interest and methods of operation are quitc
WCI 1 known.
Surveillancc Effcctiveness: Although hostire survei3lancc does not
usually prevent A l l j e3 t o u r s from operating, it greatly restricts their
effectiveness. 'Sours o f t e n must keep 011 the move, Treclzding dctailcd
coverage u f a targot. Trips to targets oftcn must he aborted dce t o the
presence Q € an acconpnying VOW. The, threat of a traffic a c c i i h n t
occxrring during an attemt to shake o f f survcillance, t h e cliance cf
being mancuvertd into a "set-up", or the thrcat of m mbarrassing det m t i o n are ever prescnt and c e r t a i n l y detract from thc intcllijience
collection e f f o r t . I h e S o v i e t s have made excellcnt use of pcrmancnt
rcstricted areas to not cnly deny us access to targets o f interest, b u t
to effectively channel our mutes of t r a w l , thus gyeatly aiding hostilc
suavcil lance elements i n the accomplishment of' their BSS igned mission.
Future Trends: It is logical to assume that the h o s t i l c surveillance
will contiriuc at thc same Icvel, if not'in increased intcnsity, during
the foresccablc future. 'She amount uf surveillancc in m y area of thc
SZG will probably continue to be d i c t a t e d by thc command emphasis vn
survei llance in 'the i ~ ~ conccrned
e a
ana by the type and sensitivity of
the targets. As the " s t a t e o f the art" and surveillance cquipment
improvc, so w i 11 thc survei 11ancq e f f o r t 'inprovc. y o s t i l e survei 1lance
is a f a c t of lift recognized by each tour mmber who will, ir: turn,
obviously continue to exert all possible cfforts tQncgatc i t s effectiveness.
3.
{SI
STGSLFICANT TNTELLIGENCC W L L E C T I O N
January:
Detailcd ground photography of t h e Warsaw Pact a'rcraft
s k l t c r s at Allstedt and Finsterwalde Soviet A i r f i e l d s on 8 and 1 4 January helped c o n f i m hangarcttc construction techniqucs and was instruncntal in ascertaining t h a t thc hanyarettc doors are thc most vulnerable
part of the shcltcrs. Observations inadc on thesc two occasions confinned that thc hanearette doors a t b o t h airfields malfunction.
27
00 18 January, a t w r penctratcd the East German SAK support
faciIity at Freienhufen Lcg, confimiag thc cxact location o f thc
launch siteqs support area and providing a site layout s h m i n g location
of storage bunkers, a h i n i s t r a t i v c buildings, and h i 1 1 e t s .
-+
"cbruar : h Mi-8 IIlP I: he1 icoptcr was photographed at close range
9 Fe N a r y a t Cochsttdt Soviet A i r f i e l d . Many o f the hclkcopter's
mainrcnarice panels were open, exposing the engine arrangement and cx-
on
haust ducting. Thi s observation also provided the h c s t coverage to
date of thc Doppler radar system f i t t e d i n t o t h e helicopter's tail
boon.
A tour spent s i x hours on BePgern Ganncry/Bombing Kange on 16 February, observing A total of 93 passes over the range impact area by
FIStIBEll J aircraft operating from Kothen A I r f i eld. 'IXe tour xade the
first audio recordinp of this aircraft firing its cannon. From t3ese
recordings ana:ysts w r e able to determine t h a t t h i s armament is a
rcvolver-typc cannon which fires ovcr 3,000 rounds p c r m i x t e . SFcnt
cartridges retricved from thc impact a r m were i d e n t i f i e d as clectrically primed she1 1s.
On 23 Fchrdery, coveraRs was obtained of an East German Enginccr
dcpot a t Kirchain. The installation, previously listed only as an
engineer i r a i n i n g area, howcd rlumerous construction vehicl c s including
scrapers, crane shovcls, and heavy duty crawler type tractors ir. adaition
to cargo trucks and vans.
The existence p f t h c East German SAM support facility at BernsduW
Strassgrachchcn was conginned when t h i s installati on was penetrated for
the first tine oh 24 tebmary. 'I'his vbscrvatinn and its ?hotopraphy
provided c c x l u s i v s proof Lhat t h i s f a c i l i t y also houses thc regimental
hadquarters for t h e 14th E M F SAM Kcgiment.
STYX missile containers on East Gcman Savy KRAZ-214 trucks xcrc
sighted ncar Warcn/Vieli:,t on. 27 February. " h i s sjghting suggests the
prcsence of East German Navy missile w i t s at locatioris other t h a n on
the Baltic Sea Coast.
Cn 28 February, two military trains loadcd w i t h T-62A tanks were observed halted in the Wustcmark railroad sidirig
?hotogrnphy obtained
provided additional confimation o f t h c presence o f irn anti-aircraft
machine gun on t h e T-62 as ucll as thc characteristics o f this gun. One
of thc trains w i t h '1'-62A a l s o contaified ISU 23-4, verifying this A&i
wcapon's association with armored units.
.
28
I -
SAM SUPPORT FACILITY
STYX
MISSILE CONTAINERS
March: Detailed photography of
site WBS obtair.ed at Welfslakc on 1
manner in which telescoping mast is
receiver vehicle is cannectcd to it
a temporary R-404 communi cations
March. T L i s o5,servatiun revealedthe
erected and how she trmsmitterv i a t h e G-string feed.
On 8 March ii new Soviet GAZ-66 R-125 van was photographel with its
generator m n ing
OR- board
.
An SA-4 column complete except for transloader-erector-launchers
(TEL) and tracked radar units w a s observed proceeding east on t h e
Eiscnach Autobahn on 1 1 March. This sighting provided analysts with a
full inventory of SA-4 associatcd equipmnt.
R-404 N T E N W
GAZ-66 R-125 VAN WITH GENEWTOR
30
On 15 March, a tour successfully penetrated the East Geman SAM support
facility at Parchim. 'She interior of an SA-2 GUIDELINE missile storage
bunker was photographed, enahling analysts to deternine the exact number
of missile components which can be stored in such a bunker. This ohservation also provided conclusive proof t h a t the East Gcrmans have hardened
t h e i r SRq installations to increase their survivability potential i n the
Forty GUIDELINE warhead canisters Mere also
evcnt of hos t i 1i t*,es
photographed at extremely close range, providing shipping information
stenciled on t h e end of t h e canister, including both gross and net weights.
.
On 24 March, detailed photography of a T-62 turret with i t s 4R
night vision devices was obtained as elements of the 7th Guards Tank
Division were ohserved being loaded on flatcars t o return to garrison
after participating in TRA 6-71.
l'he Soviet Army places much cnphasis on CBR training. In order t o
closcly simulate conbat conditions, troops are frcquently secn wearing
yrotoctive clothing while performing routhe tasks such as laying wire
or driving trucks. An examplc of Sovict CBR training was observed near
Cottbus on 25 March as t w c p s were seen f i t t i n g and clearing t h i r gas
masks
>. '_..
. ,
.
.
.
-
...
..
---
- ,
GUTDLLIML 54-2
CaNlSTERS
WWEAD
31
T-62 TURRETS WITH I R DEVICES
CBR
TRAININE AT
COTTSUS
April: Soviet pipeline units were active during t h e early part
of the rconth laying a large network of pipe in t h e southcast quadrant
of East Germany. This pipeline is four to s i x inches in diameter
and designed to carry PCL products in support of f i e l d armies.
On 2 AFril, a new BRDq-2 without the usual turret w a s observed
i n the Potsdan-Wildpark railroad siding. It i s believed t h a t this
vehicle has comand or electronic functions.
YAK-28 BREWK E aircraft at Welzow Soviet Airfield were observed
c a r v i n g Type C 16-shot rocket pods on Y A p r i l . Tihis is the first
observation of this rcconnaissance/ECM aircraft m e d w i t h what has
always been considered an air-to-ground weapon, It is, however, now
generally thought that those rocket pods are t i t i l i zed on t h e BREWER
aircraft 20 dispense chaff, thus intensifying the aircraft's ECM r o l e .
On 15 A p r i l , E a s t Gcrman FlSHBED F export aircraft were observed
in a ground-attack r o l e f i r i n g air-to-ground rockets at the Bronkow/
Luckai tz Rombing/Gunncry Range. Previous to t h i s sighting , t h e East
German Air Force had bccn assessed as having only an a i r defense mission
with a very limitcd ground capabi 1 i ty. l h i s was also the ir.itial
32
obscrvation of aircraft actually engaging in l i v e fire a c t i v i t y at
this yange.
On 23 Aprj I., nine FISHBkD D, s i x TTSHRED I;, scven FARMER R, three
MONGOL, and four MLDGET aircraft were observed during a hcavy f l y i n g
prcgram at Xi t t s t o c k Sovict Airfield. 'lie FlSHBCn an2 FAK41ER a i r c r a f t
observed on this nccasion were cquipped to carry scvcral types of
ordnancc including both ATOLL and ALKALAI air-to-ai x missiles, bomhs,
and both 16-shot and d-shot r o c k e t pods. This was the last observation
3 y Allicd missions of PAHb4EK aircraft ?azticipatinE in R f l y i n g program
at Wittstock Airfield.
On 28 A p i l , ZSU 25-4 and ZSU 57-2 w e r ~ohserved together on G.
f l a t c a r in the Priort railroad s i d i n g . This sighting was significant
because the ZSU 23-4 was thought to be thc replacement for the ohsolescent ZSU 5 7 - 2 ; t h i s was the i n i t i a l observation of thcsc two weapons
togcther.
RRFWER E kilTH ROCKET POD5
EASI G t W FISHEED F ON
RANGE
May-: Six c i f f e r e n t E a q t Gar" SA-2 launch sites were penetrated
hy i s i n g l e USM1.M tour on 1 May. In each case, the tour made its way
to a position irom wkich the FAN SCYG tracking end m k s s i l c guilance
radar could bc obscrved. Two of t h e s i t e s were utilizing FAN SONC R,
SONG E, and two contained t h e new FAX SONG F madels. Each of
thcse three radar guidance systems represents a diffcrcnt thxest to
USAI: aircraft. This was also the first observation of FAN SONG F in
East Gemany.
two FAN
R Czechaslovak-manufactured DOK front loadcr was observed in Hast
Gemtm hands fop the first t i m e on 14 May. On t h i s same date, an East
German ZIL-130 special Q U X ~ O Svehicle,
~
s t i l l unidentified as t o role,
was observed in t h e Potsdam area.
On 20 May, the E a s t Geman auxiliary airfield at Altano near Luckau
and details werc obtained on the undergmund Pol, facilities
located there. 'I'his sighting indicates t h e Bast Geman5 have upgraded
t h i s sod f i e l d to give it refueling capability and .sup?orts the concept
that the East German Air Force, like t h e Soviet 24th Tactical Air Army,
places great stress on its capability to operate from secondary airfields
and sod strips.
was visited
FAN S O G
FAN SCM; F
E
DOK FRGNT LOADER
June: The railway engineer river crossing s i t e at Prcttin on
was reconnoitered on 1L June and found to be occupied
by troops engaged in constructing elements o f an NZhM-56 heavy railway floating b r i d g e . The assembly of threc d i s t i n c t pontcn types to
form one major bridge section was observed and timed at approximately
SQ minutes from the rime the pmton transporters backed t o the water
until all t h r e e pontons were locked in place. Additional information
concerning t h e use of thc KRAZ K-104 crane, power hoats, and other
bridging components was a1so gained from t h i s s i g h t i n g , Although
t h i s equipment was first s i g h t e d in 1965, t L i s observation provided
the first dctai 1s concernine the methods used i n the launching and
assembly of the various b r i d g e cmponcnts.
the
Elbe River
On 15 and 16 ,lune, a tvur spent 31 hours at Schonhauser Damm
Soviet auxiliary a i r f i e l d observing the d e p l o y ”
of an entire groundattack f i g h t e r regiment to this f i e l d from its hone base a t Ncuruppin.
Descriptions were provided of runway preparation, aircraft maintcnancc,
and ground crew a c t i v i t i e s prior to the day’s flying a c t i v i t y which tho
tour observed from start to f i n i s h .
On 16 and 17 June, reconnaissance o f an unlisted naval supply
depot near Waren indicated t h e depot is possibly used f o r storing
either S J X or SAMLET missile components.
Uuring TRk 8-71, the 56th Trans?ortation Regiment l a i d tactical
yipcline from Luebben to Jueterbog. A branch of t h e pipeline ran
southward toward Kochau. Coverage of this cxerci se i ncluded photography of stacks of pipe sections which were stored at t h e KZcfnbahren
POL depot, which ~ c m e 5the 24th Tactical Air Army.
NEURUPP I N F V S C O S AT SCWENHAUSER D M
35
w:
'fie first s i g h t i n g of the LOKG TRACK Padax in East Geman
hands was made on 2 July. This equipment was observed near Schwerin
and folloncd to the c i t y of Tetemw from wherc it was seen moving in
the dtrcction of W r m Brandenburg.
Photography of T-62 tanks at Wustenaark on 5 July furnished conclusive proof that the tumct hatch rotates.
On 8 July an AEi-12 CUB w i t h UAR markings vas sightcd at Dresden/
Klotzsche Airfield. This was the f i r s t of sevcral observations of
CUB aircraft from Middle E s t cauntrics a t t h i s airfield. Those
observations were followed by or joined with sightirigs of FISHBED
aircraft painted with desert cmouf Lage markings and bearing 4-digit
numbers. T t i s suspecter! that Urtsden/Klotzxhe serves as a maintenance and delivery point for aircraft destined €or Arab countries.
On 12 July, thc FLAP H18E1, f i r c control used w i t h S-60 -41CA positions
and photoeraphed in q c r a t i o n a l configuration a t an East
German deploymcnt s i t e in PotsdamJNeu Ftrhrland. Spccial attention was
directed to the antenna system and its pwcr s w x c c . This collection
e f f o r t provided analysts w i t h first technical quality photography
of this Soviet-made cquipent
H B S observed
.
On 21 J u l y , a m w POI. truck on a ZZL-131 chassis was obscrved on
the Hclnsttdt Autobahn. This sighting reflects the Soviet trend
observed in 1971 to update t h s i r equjpncnt w i t h pzrticular emphasis
directed towards replacing older trucks w i t h new modcls.
During I'RA 11-71, nhi ch began on 18 July, a column consisting of
nnre than 700 vehicles was ohserved cross'ng the tlclmstedt Autobahn at
throe locations going northwest. Portions of this column were observed
Iatcr, exiting t h e East Ring Autobahn at Bernau, indjcating that
clemenls of the 6th Guards Motorized Rifle Division, 20th Guards Amy,
had participated in training during t h e 'CRA. A FROG-7 TEL and resupply
vchicle were noted in thc column. Observations mabe during this TRA
also included the sighting o f SA-4 equipment, including T E L s , mving
with S o v i e t armor and motorizcd r i f l e units. A complete battalion of
T-SSs was also observed being moved by a MAZ-337 equipped transportation
unit from the v i c i n i t y of Burg to l h l l g o w - l h b c r i t z .
37
f - 6 2 ROTATING TURRFT
HATCH
T-62 RUTAT 1NG 'f URRET
I RTCH
38
August: On 13 August, a FAN SONG F tracking m d r i s s i l e guidance
radar-was observcd a t Gross bobtern Sh-2 launch site. This was t h e
third sighting of this FLU SONG model and coincided with thc reapparm c c of a FAld SONG E a t the RctschoH launch si te. 'rhis indicates
there art only two actual TAN SONG F radars in East Cermany w).,ich arc
being r o t a t e d among the East German SA-2 regiments for t r i a l and
evaluation. The three sites a t which thc FA! S O W E has been sighted
are subordinate t o 1hTee different regiments.
On 10 August, a FAN SCNG d o m w a s observed being crectod a t thc
SA-2 t r a i n i n g school on Kamtnz Airfjeld. This dome h a 1 previously been
observed a t thc Ladcburg/Lanke SAM support f a c i l i t y and a t t h c Klostcrfelde SA-2 site. The purpose of t h i s dome is not known; it is, however,
assumec that i t protects the FAN SOKG radar.
' 1 % ~SA-4 associated LONG 'TRACK radar at W i ttstock/Rj esen Radar Site
was photographed a t closc range 011 21 August, satisfying a l l rcasonablc
requi renents f o r photography of this AC&W radar.
LONE TRACK
SAll
t LAP WEEL
ZTL-151 POL
SA-4 RESUPPLY VEHICLE
40
FRCG
7
r R E 7 RESUPPLY VEhTCLZ
TEl
Eeptenber: The YAK-28 FIREBAR aircraft at Zexhst A i - s f j e l d were
observed returning from missile firing a c t i v i t i e s near Peeacmnde on
Several of t h e aircraft landed with n i s s i l e s still on
15 SepteK5er.
t h e i r pylons, i n d i c a t i n g p o s s i b l e difficulty w i t h f i r i n g procedures.
Modifications on the 1:IREBAK a i rfraine w e e completed during 1971,
leaving most of t h e YAK-28 aircraft at Zer3st wlth an elongated nose;
this variant was designated FlXKBhR B.
3n 23 September a t o u r observed tF.e ccnstruction of a Soviet: PEIP
bridge across the Blba River at the Smdaii r i v e r crossing s i Le. Tii s
type 60 bridge can be constructed with amazing r a y i d i t y and is used to
support river CrQSSinE cxerciscs. The date .of this sighting coincides
w i t h t h e imposition of TRA 19-71, t h e fislal 'TUo f 1971, during which
river crossing operations were perfomcd by clcments of 9th Guards
Tank Division, Second Guards Army and t h e loth Guards Tank Division,
T h i r d Shock Amy.
The 8~nearian-manufacturcdarmored perscmcl c a r r i e r designated
FUS-70 was confimcd in thc h o l l i n g s of East C c m d n Border Cormand
Units on 29 September. i t has su1)scquent:y been obsexvcd in increa5ir.g
r.unbcrs with border units in t h e P o t s d m area.
41
WiP SLCTJON I1ITS
PW
THE WATER
42
SFCTIOM ATE!? lAI"ZNG
Odobcr:
R search o f a recently occu?ied bivouac arca near
Rurghessler on 9 Cctober r e s u l t e d in t h e acquisition of a manual on
construction ard operation of blackout driving lights. I’ke hookklet
describes thc v a r i o u s types of blackout dsiving l i g h t s available and
t5e types of vchlclcs adaptcd for their u s e .
On 15 October, FI’ITER a i r c r a f t fray timss nolln Airfield were
o5served performing sjmulatcd nuclear ucqvons deliveries on the Gadow/
Rossow S o v i e t BQmbing/Gunr,cry Range. The e n t i r e scqucnce of t h e Inw
a l t i t u l e b0rr.b system rraneuver, including the a i r c r a f t with attached
atomic bomb simulator, wcapon release, b w s t , and resultant m-shmorr,
cloud was ohserved and photographed.
On 19 October, dctailcd pkotography was cbtaincd of thc rear o f
a FLAP W E E L A M firc cvntrul radar antcr.na deplvyed at thc end of t h e
West Ring Ruto5ahn.
S IP!JLATED NUCLEAR EXPLQS ION
BLACKOW DRIVING LIGHT BOOKLET
43
FLAP WFEL
ANTENNA
November: Eight East Gernan ZSlf 23-4 were observed among equipment
beinFrnoved by rail on 1 November. This observation %as s i g n i f i c a n t
since only fvur of t h i s Ah system werc thought to 5e part of the a n t i aircraft b a t t e r y of a tank regiment.
The f i r s t firm indicator of SA-6 equipKent in E 3 s t Gemany was
provided on 9 Yavember at the railroad s i d i n g in 1lallcjSchletta;l. On
this occasion, an unidentified unit was observed outloading. Among
the ccyipment s i g h t e d were six Z I L - 1 3 1 , probable surface-to-air nissilc
transloadcr/serviccrs. Analysis of the photography taken during this
sighting indicated t$at thesc transloaders are p a r t of the SA-6 missile
system.
On 15 November, t w o RIGA c l a s s destroyer escorts of the East German
Kavy were obscrved near t h e Kostock c i t y harbor undergoing repairs.
On 29 Xovemhes, SA-4 equipxent was observed f o r the f i r s t time in
Saalfeld Pnstnllation 282. The s i g h t i n g of T-62 and t h e i r turrct
numbers observed on this and prcvious occasions assisted analysts in
detemining that t h i s installation also houscs a tank division, rather
than a mot orizcd riflc divis ion as pravious Ly S e l i c v e d .
The S o v i e t conscri2tion announcement was made on 20 October, and
by early ?;ovem$er Pendcl t r a i n s began to assemble in r a i l sidings. ' 1 % ~
first sighting of an actual Pcndel novement was made on 16 November
near Pascwalk, s i g n a l i n R chat troop r o t a t i o n had actually begun. Thcrc
44
were r e l a t i v e l y fewer sighting3 of Pendel trains dJring t h i s troop
rotation period than in previous years. This is probt;hly due partly
to the fact t h a t tF.e Soviet trend appears to be greater Etilization
of a i r l i f t f o r troop r o t a t i o n . This r o t a t i o n period, which lastcd
approxinately s i x weeks, w w h i g h l i g h t e d by a minimum 40 f l i g h t s by
transport aircraft into Gross Dolln and Grosscnhain Airfields.
SA-6 TRehSLOADER
SAALFELC SA-4 S 1 TE
45
December: 'Ihc Soviet stratcglc SIfllNT collection s i t e a t Zella
Mchlis was visited on 9 December. It was n o t e d on this occasion l h a t
the Soviets wcrc continuin2 t h e i r nractlcc of utilizing different
intcrcept equipmnt at d i f f e r e n t times, making t h e s i t e equipmerit
inventory rathcr f l u i d . During i971, the s i t e coatained at varieus
timer the followjng equipment: RAR BRICK, SWING dOX, SQUAT EYE, H l t i
CAR, <;RID SHIELD, FRONT PLATE, FOL9 PLATE, SPRAG STAR, DISCONE, four
large and seven small paraholae, and several unidentified iintennae.
A t t h e end c f t h e year, construction was still underway OK two ncw
buildings 011 t h e west s i d e o f tEc s i t e .
Excellent photo coverage of thc East German intercept. site at
Bicnstaedt was obtained on 9 Deccmbcr. Nine diffcrcnt antennae were
noted which are capable of operating in UIIF, HP, ar,d VHF frequency
bands t o intercept point-to-point c o m n j cations. This new facility
gives thc East Gennar-s iiicreased a b i l i t y to monitor a l l i e d traffic
and poses a new security t h r e a t t o allled forces operating in West
Gcrnany
.
On 19 December, t h e Dallgow-Coeberitz rail siding contained two
m i l i t a r y strakes with a minilnun 88 ZIL-164 cargo trucks loaded in
piggy back f a s h i o n . All appeared €yeshiy painted *and bore no narkings.
Thosc t n c k s already loaded on thc strakcs had what appeared to be
shipping h-istrtlctioiis on t h e l e f t cab window. With the s i g h t i n g of
increased nmbers of ZIL-130 trucks i n GSFG, l t is pzobzrble that
thcsc ZIL-164 vehicles wcrc being returned for other u s c t o t h e USSR.
On 2 l UecemLer, the floattng dock number 1 of the Ncptunwrft in
Rostock contained a ROOHHE-class LSl' of the East German Navy. 'fie ship
had a TSK type radar mounted on the main mast instcad of t h e usual W A - 5 .
EAST G E M TNTLRCEPT ANTLhME AT BIENSTAEOT
E.
(C)
ECUILOMII:
Consumer G o d s : Thc past fivc ynars have seen a significant
increase in thc nunher of television s e t s , radios, washing machines,
stovcs, and small refrigerators disd ayed in department stores. They
are usually rather cxpcnsivo and probably not always available. The
attractivcness of the displays has improved cons i-derahly Advertising
associated wi th these goods is frequeiirly observed. T t is obvious
that a coricereed e f f o r t has been made t o make them look b e t t e r t o the
consuncr. During t h i s sz~m,lltperiod, there has been B dramatic improvencnt in the goods cxhibited at the LELPZIG Fairs. Hmcver, laost of
tbesc products appear to be for e q o r t nn3 are n o t representative of
the itcms t h e local populace can purchase.
.
Clothing: Attcmpts are being made to imitate Wcstcrn styles;
however, East German clothing is considerably mare conservative and
often discloses the influcncc of East European tailoring. Gn Sundays
and holidays t h e people dress up with t h e i r outward appemancs closely
resembling that of West Germans. Over the l a s t two years, many of the
styles, and i t is not
young pcople have adopted some of t h e
uncomon to see "hot pants". Yost of t h i s western-appearing clothing
Cparticularly girls' s t y l e s ) is either homc-made or h a s heen a l t e r e d .
S t y l e s which cxcecd tht party C Q n C C p t of goad t a s t e or which show
excessive western influence aren't found in clothing stores.
Grocery Stores: A major effort has been made to improve the
"Konswn"' grocery storc system. Small "Konsu"' stores have bccn built
and older stores rrmovated w i t h more lights added, brighter colors
used, and displays ixade more attractive. "%e S ~ Q T C Sare furnished
w i t h medium size shopping carts or baskets, but paper/plastic carryout bags arc non-existent. Practically cvery small v i l l a g e has a
'%onsum"; those t o o small t o support a pcmancnt grocery storc are
serviced on a scheduulcd b a s i s by a van t y p e vehicle stocked w i t h basic
items. Staple foods appear to hc readily available, but there a n
fcw prepared and canned foods. No real evidence cf fond shortages
has been noted, hut fines do farm whon certain mats or fresh fruits
arc available. Apparcntly, the careful planner and eaEer shoppcr is
there before the shop is opened in ordcr to ect the best choice.
Agricultural : With a shortage of spring
e f f o r t was devotcd to the irrigation of crops
rains, consi dcrable
and pasture land in thc
northern portion of East Gemany. All types of crops, excqpt potatoes,
Were irrigated t Q some degree. Four b a s i c types of irrigation
systcms were noted:
a. Buried sprinkler system: Pipes are l a i d in an underground
network w i t h snrizkler h c d s &ended
approximately 1 meter above
ground in a pattern -to assure full covcrage of t h e area under irrigation.
47
h . Above ground sprinkler systcm: Irrigation p i p s [ l o - 1 5 meter
sections) are l a i d above ground with sprinkler heads attached to the
pkpcs at intexvals. l%r Fipe network is perjodical l y Eoved t o assurc
f u l l coverage.
--
c. Hydraulic
.
(water)
-pooucred
*irrQatLtion
_-.
system: This is a s e l f powerkd- system mountcd linearly on l a r ~ tmetal whcalu. Motive power
appears to be dcrjvcd fi.m wztcr prcssurc passing through t h e s y s t m ,
a c t i ' v a t i n g a vane drive systex on t h e wheels. Placed in operation on
oce side of a f i e l d , the system slowly traverses the area, acconplishing
irrigation by a sylrinkler systw..
This is an e l e c t r i c
The syslem i r i the
re?ort photographs is approxinnately 400 netars in length. Each
section of the system appears to consist of a single, track laying
arrangement (track, drive anti road wheels, e l e c t r i c notor, power
s n u r c e ) , and a large, triangular >tniss section conrainfnp; the irrigation p i p e s . The two i p p r pipes of the truss both appear t o be f i t t c d
with sprinkler hcads. The lowcr p i p appears to he used as a support
f c r the systcn and t o provide r i g i d i t y . 'I'he system appcars tu bc
rqlnyed jn t h e SBDC m a m a r as the hydraulic (watcr) powered system,
but c o d d be used i n more adverse terrain. The swrce of e l e c t r i c
powcr could IIQX h e determined. It ray he cither from battcries housed
i n the compartments above the tracks, from a generator on board t h ~
system, or from comercia1 sources v i a an extension.
d.
Electric powcred irriKation systcn:
ycwexed, track l x j i n ~system of unusual &sign.
-Transportation:
Public transportation is s t i l l limi t c d primarily
Kirs transportat ion s e e m t n be the only puhlic
transportation a v a i lz?71e to the m a l I e:' vi 1 1 ap,cs away fron the r a i l
lines. Older huses arc being replaced by modern ~tunRaria~--m~~facturtd
incdels. Mudl of the long-distancp travel hetwern t.hc uajor c i t t e s is
performed QIY trains. Diesels are replacing t h e oldcr steam engines.
One Tireman s t a t e d that by t h e end of 1972, a l l s t e m engines will
h w e becn replaced hy d i e s e l s . This appears doubtful , bccausc few new
d i s s a l s 'nave becn sccn in thc past several months and many s t c a n engines
arc s t j l l in service. A few new passeneer cars have becn uddcd, hilt
not a significant number. 'Thcre has boen an apparcrlt 30-50 perccnt
increase in aiitomohiles in t h c last fivc years. The Trakiant is still
the most frequently obserucd antumobile, but there are also large
nunhers of VoZga, Kartburg, new Skoda, and q u i t e I - c c c ~ ~( w
. ?i t~h i n the
p35t 18 mont.hs), the Foolish F i a t sedans. The East tiemans ?refer the
Fi a t over t h e Hartburg and Skoda and d c f i n i t c l y OVCT the Trabant
The old Trabant 600cc is still bcing produccd; the w a i t i n g period
remahs 7 Eo 8 years, and thc car must be complctely paid o f f before
i t is deliwcrcd. The waiting perind f o r the Wartburg, Skoda, and
l'r8)ant 4s about e i g h t years. nlcre has becn nu a p p r e i i t i;icieass in
S , this
t h e nunhcr 0 5 sesvice shops, repnir ce'nter5, or ~ B T G ~ ~and
t o t r a i n s and busas.
48
scens t o bc a real. problcm. PeoFlc j u s t cannot obtain replacement
parts. The percentage of Volgas and Moskvicks spears t~ have
decreased, although the numhcr of automobj :es has significantly
increased. h new C ~ Thas appeared in the last fes months which the
East Cermans call the Soviet Fiat. Bicycles a m s t i l l very m u s k
in usc within East Germany hut havc decreased in nmbcr. Many
Mopeds and motorcyclcs arc very atlch jn cvidcnce as inexpensive hut
reliable transportation.
E'.
(C]
POLTTICAL
I h e imprcssjon UWlJ-4 officers have gained i s t h a t t h e Party systcm
opcratcs bclou the v i s i b l e surface. It is j u s t not exposed t o t h e
wtsider. USMW Liaison Officers are transient, passlng through
villages and sometines st.opFing bricf:y in thc large cities such as
LEIYZIG, DRESDER', MAGDEBIJRG, HnLLE and KOSTOCK. Thc result i s that no
significant inprcssions have been gained of the P a r t y in action.
Slogans, radio End television propaganda, e t c . provide some insight,
but it is limited. 'Ihc general impression i s tF.at the East Gemails
arc striving continuously for rccog2ition hy Hcstcm yovcrments, or
for that matter, any R o v c m e n t . Yuch of this, of cmrsc, is not
evident in o g r touring. One iapression is that the S w i c t s have a
7robltm in restraining t h e Fast E e m s in t h e i r drive for autonomy.
l'he Soviets, on the other hand, seam interested in rctaining t h r ras:
Germans in a dependency status.
Thc East Gcrman people have lcarncd that a certain standard of
living and k'ay of Iife can he achi w e d independent of the Party.
+#any people seemingly t&ke pride in bcing a b l e to achieve this status
without 2oining the Party, und in nnny cases, dcspite the Party's
controls and restrictions. Farmers arc continually hcing cncouraRcd
to j o i n the iargcr collective fams and coercion is often used. Thc
farmers car, resist, but thcy s u f f e r . Thc larger collectives in t h e
last feu years have received vcry modern e:lui;imcnt, such as tractors,
plows, and combines. The buI ldings 011 the collcctive farms have also
improved greatly, and i t appcars t h a t thc cfficicncy n f t h e c o l l e c t i v c
farm has a l s o greatly improved.
There i s l i t t l e doubt that the Fast Germans have accepted as
f a c t that the Sovicts are not. g o h g to leave. Thc East Gemans t r u l y
bciievc that t h c S o v i e t s heneflt from t h e i r presence in East Kcmany
by taking out of thc count? Whai thcy warit. As a result, t h c Cast
C e m i i s are rcsolved t o make thc hcst life p o s s i b l c f o r themseLvcs
under nirrent condit.ions. 'Ihey accept but do not Ljkc thc fact t h a t
they ca~inot-travel t o t h c Kc5t. They are busy w i t h day-to-day 1iving
-
and conccr.trute or: short-tem. R O B I S , such as
a tF.rcc-day
holiday, or
49
.
/...
..
longer vacation p e r i o d , or with gctting their son i n t o an engirleering
school. I f circumstances d i c t a t e that B son l c w c the fam anti live in
the city, they arc a l l f o r it and, in fact, encourage it. ?‘heir goal
is to give their c h i l d r e n a b e t t e r life than they have. Even among
the non-Party, and/or the anti-Party, p e q l e , it appcars that adaptation to existing conditions includes a willingness to have a son join
the Party if deemed necessary to achieve succcss. Nany of the people
takc great pride in the achievements East Germany has made in the last
several years. Tn many cases, they arc ?mud of what they have acmmplished and in what t h e i r f c l l ~citizcns
~
have donc to b u i l d up t h e
corintry. They take offense at any degrading remarks that an outsider
might make. T h e i r pride is not nccessarily tfie type o f pride that the
Party would l i k e t o promote; i . e . that they have forged ahead with
t h e Party. Rather t h e pride resjdss in thc individual who has done well
despite t h e Party, despite t h e Sovict occupation, and despite t h e
t i g h t l y controlled isolated economy. This is t h e i r pride. It may R e
that there has been a relaxation of c o n t r o l to ~ ~ D T I I Q ~ pezhaps,
C,
this
t y p e of feeling; i f not. actively on the part of t h e P a r t y , perhaps
passivcly. No evidence has been found oE any real massive d i s s a t i s faction, even if voiced occasionally by i n d i v i d u a l s . The general
inpression is that many East Gcrmans arc looking ahead to continued
improvemnt in t h e i r standaTd of living and are going to continue to
woxk for t h i s . People arc denanding moxe and slowly g e t t i n g more.
-
On the part of the t;,ast Germans there does not seem to b e a real
drive fox any reunification with Xest Gemany. Part of this, probably,
I s h e c a x e they do have certain suspicions about the Kest tiernan
government and West German industrial ists and business people. They
appear t o b e l i e v e a eood b i t of t h e overall t o n e of the propaganda thcy
hear.
LOCAL KONSUH STORE
50
ANNEX
A
A G
R E H M !i S T
THE EOVlET AND UNITED STA3S
IN CIHEF OF m ZONES OF KCUPATTON IN GEKM~)Y
ON MILITARY L l A t S O N YISSIONS ACCHH1)TTFD TO
CWPIDERS
In conformity with t h e provisions of Article 2 of t h e Agrement 03 'TOIItrol Mechanism in t i e m y ' * , clatcd November 14, 1944, thc United States
and t h c Soviet Commandcrs in Chief of the Zanes 0:' Qccuptiun in Gemany
have agreed t o exchange Military Liaison Missions accredited to t h e i r
staffs in t h e zoncs and approve the following regulutions concerning
these missions :
1. Thcsc missions are mi l i t a r y missioris and have no authority over
quadripartite military govcrmcnt Kissions or purcly military government
missions of each respect ivc country, ci ther tea-porari ly ox permanent 1y,
on duty i n cither zone. IImcver, they will render whatever a i d OT
assistance to said military government missions as i s practicable.
2.
Missions will bc composed of a i r , navy and amy representatives.
Thcrc will be no political rcprcscntative.
3 . The missinns will consist of not t o exceed Fourleen 114) officers
and enlisted personnel. This nmber w i l l include all necessary pcrsonncl,
office clerks, personnel with spcci a1 q:ial ificutions, 3nd ?ersonncl
required to Dpcrate radio stations.
4 . Hac6 mission will be urider thc ordcrs of the senior mcmbcr of the
mission who will be appointed and knom as "Chief of t h c IJnited S t a t e s
(07 Soviet) Military Mission".
5 . The Chj ef of t h e mission will be accrcdi ted t o the Commander
Chicf of the occupation forccs
.
in
Tn the Unitod S t a t c s Zone t h e mission will be accredited to
Comandcr in L'i cf , Uni t e d S t a t c s Furopean Comand.
Tn the Soviet Zonc t h e mission will hc accrcdited t o Commander
in Chief of t h e Group of Sovict Occupational Forcos in Germany.
6. In thc Unitcd States Zone the Soviet Mission w i l l be offered
quarters in t h e region of t'rankfurt
a
7.
In the S o v i c t f o n c thc United
ncar Potsdam.
States Mission will he offered
quartcrs at
8 . I n the Unitcd S t a t e s Zone the Chfef of thc Soviet Mission w i l l
comunicatc w i t h n/C of Staff, G - 3 , Cnited States European Command.
A-1
9 . In the Soviet Zone the Chief of t h e United S t a t e s Yission will
communicate w i t h thc Senior C'fficer o f thc S t a f f of Commander in Chief.
10. Each member of the missims will he Riven identical travel
facilities t o include identical permanent passes in Russian and knglish
languages permitting comple t 8 freedom of travel wherever and whcnever
it will bo desired over territory and roads in hoth zones, except placcs
of disposition of military units, without csccrt or bq~?rvision.
Each time any mcmber of Soviet or United S t a t e s Mission wants t o
visit United States or S o v i c t headquarters, military governracnt offices,
forces, units, m i l i t a r y schools, factories, and enterprises which arc
under llnitcd S t a t e s or Soviet control, a corresponding r q u e s t must bc
made t o Director, Operations, Plans, Organization and Training, Europcan
Command, or Senior Officer, Headquarters, Group of Soviet OccupatI m a l
Forces in Germany. Such requests nust bc actcd upon within 24-72 hours.
Yenhers of thc missions arc permitted allied guests a t the
haadquarrers of tho respective missions.
11. a. 'Each mission w i l l have its own radio station f o r communication
with its own headquarters.
b. In each case couriers and messcngers will be given facilities
for free travel betwecn the headquarters of the mission and headquarters
of t h e t r rcspectiva Corrmanders in C h i e f . These couriers w i l l enjoy the
same immunity which is extcnded t o diplomntic cnuriers.
c . fach mission will be given facilities for telephone comunication thmugh the local telephone exchangc a t t h e headquarters, and they
also will he Riven facilitios such as mail, telephone, relcgraph, through
the e x i s t i n g means of communication ~ h c nthe membcrs of the missions w i l l
be traveling within the zune. In case of a breakdown in the radio installation, the zone comnders will render all possible a i d and w i l l permit
temporary use of t h e i r own systems of communication.
1 2 . 'fit necessary rations, P.O.L. supplies, and household scrviccs
for the nilitary missims w i l l bo pruvided for by the headquarters t o
whj ch accredited, by method of mutual cDmpcnsatiun in kind, supplemented
by such itcms a5 desired to be furnished by t h e i r own hcadquartcrs.
In addition, the respective missions DT indjvidual members of
the missions may purchase items of Soviet or United States origin u h i c h
must be paid for in t h e currency speciffed by t h e headquirtcrs controlling
zone where purchase is maCc.
13. The b u i l d i n g s of cach nission will enjoy full r i g h t of e x t r a territoriality.
A-2
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLaSSlClEP
1 4 . a. The task of the mission w i l l hc t o maintain liaison
between both Commanders in Chicf and thcir staffs.
b. Tn cach zone the mission will have the r i g h t to engage in
matters of protecting the interests of t h e i r nationals and to makc
rcprosentatioris accordingly, as well as in matters of protecting their
property interests in thc zone where they are located. They have a
right t o rerider aid to ptoplc o f t h e i r own country who are visiting the
zone where they are accredited.
15. This agrement may be changed or amplified by mutual consent
t o cover new s u b j e c t s when the need arises.
16.
T h i s agreemnt is w i t t e n
in Russian and English languages
and both t c x t s are authentic.
17. This agreement becones valid whcn signed by Deputy Commanders
of United S t a t e s and Soviet Zoncs of Occupation.
Lieutenant-Central HUEWER
Deputy Comnandcr in Chief,
European Command
Colonel-Gcncral MALINLN
Deputy Commander in Chief,
Chief o f S t a f f of the
(;Toup of Soviet Occupation
Forces in Genany
A-3
UNCLASS1FIED
UNCLASSIFlED
ILUNEK R
PERSONMEL ROSTER
DATE ARRIVED
DATE DEPARTED
LTC
LTC
TIIRPiHR, PKEDERICK C,
KICHIE,, 1 ~ ' A M.
I ~
COUAN, M V T D 3 . [US.@)
BROWNLEE, ROBERT W.
EVANS-, IlOBERT B.
HOSKINS, LEE
LTC
LTC
SHIWEK, J O k E. I T
STOVALL, WN 0.
L'TC
V0.V UACIi, XOBERT F.
R A I L , WILLThp1 R. ( U S )
DcPRIE, M I C W L C.
19 Fcb 71
FIET.I)ER, WILLIAM H.
HALL, DAt'lU B. [USAF)
27 Jun 71
2 Sep 71
CQL
COL
LTC
LTC
w
MAJ
w
WW
pw
PCLU
MU
MAJ
PlGl
liikT
MAJ
W J
C3T
CPT
4 Jan 71
5 Apr 7 1
12 .Tu1 71
6 O c t 71
25 Jul 7 1
12 Jun 71
? Jul 71
LYNK M* [USAF)
FRED V.
MECKEL, YE'I'ER S.
KARGELE, D W L N I K G. (USMC]
NIKULLA, PAUL E. (IJSAti)
%ON HOENB JOI@J y.
8 Jul 71
HkVSM,
WZO,
30 Jan 71
5 Jun 71
WALKER, FRF,IIHRICK A.
28 J u ~
71
24 Yar 71
ZALMANIS, ANDRlS (USAFF)
B U W M Y , WILLIAM A. (USAF)
GILBERT, G E W H. I'JSAF]
4 Aug 7 1
SGM
KOCILWIEC, 1,"
CMS
SFC
WALTHER, MAVIS L. (VSAF)
ELLIS, JAMES R.
WILTON, JAMES E.
IUSENYAGER, CLTFPORD E. (USAF]
SFC
HSC
MSC
MSG
SFC
SFC
MSG
SSG
SSG
%5
Ssc;
SSC;
'SSG
SSG
TSG
TSC
ssc
SSG
SSG
3
15 hug 71
24 Feb 71
JOICJSOS, AFlLEY L. (USAI:)
W E , MELVIN E. (USAF)
R1 IIIXY, LAWRENCE D
TOLDSEI'Y, L'AUEK
6 Qct 71
VanWAGOWK, CHARLES W ..Jr (USAF]20 Scp7 L
4 Aug 71
.
BEARD, ROGER L).
BERRY, JAMES R.
24 Feb 71
BLAIS, ROtA!!D A,
FLORIN, PAUL R.
IilJFP, CARL E.
NETIEK, NTKOLAUS G. (USAF]
NORTOY, DANIEL 'C.
7 Jul 71
11 Jan 71
3 ,Tu1 71.
5 AUR 71
O'MIIKlNhTiLL, JAMS (US4F)
ROLIIEISAII , KENNETH D. (USAF)
FamIsco A.
SC!1flJEnBRMElEK, Jo"
J
STAGGS, KEhTE'I'H R.
SAM,
-
12 J u l 7 1
3 Aug 71
23 Sov 71
B-1
UNCLASSl FIED
UNCLASSIFIED
RANK
NAM
-
nATE ARRIVED
mr,m
SP5
AKCILL,
SSG
SP5
SGT
Born, ELVIE A (USAV)
UlU* HENRY R.S.P.
COATIS, ROBEKT E. Jr.
COLEY, J M S E.
CURRAS, MICHAEL J .
GRUHCII, ROECRT W. (USAF)
GUEST, GEKALO L.
HEDRICK, D A W F.
JEPFERIEB, LWIS E,
JONES, TlioMnS R.
KELLEK, JOSEF (USAF)
KELI.EY , ROBERT L.
McCULLEY, LLOYD I;.
MlLLER, RONALL) M.
MZNGES, HICHrZEI. V.
MWOLSKL, CRAIG A.
PRUITT, JOSEF D.
SENXE, k&WI'(USAF)
si's
SPS
SSG
SPS
SYS
SP5
SP5
SSG
SPS
SP5
SY5
SI'S
sm
SP5
SSG
SP 5
SHlSKLE, CEHALD
R
SP5
YOUNG, CLYN I,.
ZMUKA, WRL
FONI'EIYOT, PIICIiAEL T.
SP4
YP4
SP4
SP4
s P4
SP4
SP4
SP4
SP4
SP4
SP4
PluC
29 Scp 71
kO Scp 71
13 Jan 71
12 ,Tun 71
31 May 71
22 Dcc 71
7 Aug 71
14 J u l 71
5 lzpr 71
12 Jan 71
10 J u l 71
GILBERT, wtim G.
LEAR, PilLLIAvl E. J r .
PARSONS, DAVII) L.
PEAY, KENNETH B.
PERKINS, JOHN R.
PHILLIPS, LYNDON D .
RqTT, STEP116h' R.
REWS, ROCEH S.
THHURTAULT, JAMES
"MAS,
voi(;T,
71
27 May 7 1
TAYMK, LARRY I;,
SGT
3 Mar 7 1
13 Dec
X.
SP5
SP4
SP4
DATE ..DEPARTED
-
27 May
71
5 Mov 71
14 Feh 71
9 Jun 71
13 Sov 71
2Y Jul 71
10 Agt. 71
22 J u l 71
13 m r 71
wLrm c .
a
J+J~
14 Fcb T I
20 Dce 71
10 Aug 71
JACK B.
HERB, XODNBY M.
AIAFANO, CHRISTOPIER A.
R 2
UNCLASSJFlED
A
10 AUE 71
17 Aug 71
10 Jun 71
12 Jul 71
11 Aug 71
“EX
28
c
LIAISON MEETINGS
Jan Chicf USMILEI met with mief SERB at SERB request to protcst
U.S. detention of SMLY-F vdiiclc in b’rmkfurt on 27 Jan in
which COL Spivak was a passenger. SERB a l s o raised thc subj e c t of an accident involving LTC Stovall which took place
in latc Dectrmbcr 1970. CINCGSFG wanted an explanation as
t o why the &WLMvehicle was stoppod in an open area.
5 Mar
Deputy Chief USMLM met wjth Deputy Chief SERB a t USMLW request t o d i s c u s s social function at Potsdam House on 6
March 1971 and to request guest passes.
24 Mar
Chiof USMIPI m e t with Chief SERB a t SERB request to discuss
two incidents involving two IJSMLUI tours in the v i c i n i t y of
Gera and Marzahnc.
5 Apr
neputp Chief IJSMW net with Ikputy Chief SERB at ULSMTH re
qucst to discuss routine matters of subsistcnce, repair ard
maintenance a t the Potsdm Mission House. The gcneral atmosphere of the nccting was quite cordial ard businesslike.
8 Apr
Chief USYLM m e t with Acting C h i d S E W ’a t USMTH request to
get acquafnted with pcrsoIine1 at SEKR iicadquarters building
in ?otsdam.
9 Apr
Chief IJSHLM nct with Acting Chicf SERB a t SFRB request a t
the Potsdam Mission House t o ljiscuss furnishings and subsistencc prohlcms of the Potsdam Mission House.
16 Apr Chief IISMLM met with Chief SERB a t SEKB request at GSFG
Headquarters ~ Q Ythe purpose of an introductory v i s i t with
CLXCGSFG (hmy-Gcncral Viktor G. Kulikov)
A brief meetinR
w i t h t h e Chief oi Staff, GSFG, took place prior to the
v i s i t with thr: CINCGSFG. Cowersation was very animated
and affable Nithout political overtones. Personalities
wcrc discusscd and t h c conversation was primarily in Russian
between thc CI.XCSFG and Chief USWILM.
3 May
C h i e f USMU4 met with Acting Chief SERB a t USYIH request to
discuss repairs a t thc Potsdam Mission IIouse. The atmosphere of tF,c ncoticg was vcry congcnial Ch icf USNM
thank& the Acting Chicf SEAR for arrmgjng h i s visit to
IkadqiarteTs, GSFG. Chief UWUi hrought u? the Hucbaer%linin Agreenent and reiterated t o SEXB that t h i s agrcemcnt was t h e basis for the existence o f t h e USYW and SYLV
and the b a s i c principle is reciprocity. T s l i s subject was
broached as a rcsult of t h c Soviets denial of the Chief
LISWA7s request t a use the ~~rtha-Ilerleshauscn
crossing
point. :: was brought out by t h e Chief CSHLM thut this
.
c-1
crossirig point was along t.hc shortest route bctwcen the missions
{USMLM and WLM) and their rcspectivc headc;-lartcr..;.
20 May
Chief .ISMLW net with Acting Ch'ef SEKB x t IISMLV request to
discuss rcpai rs, domestic help, and subsistence a t thc Zotsdam
Mission House. Thc Soviet's denial of t.Le Chicf IJSMIJI's USC of
the Wartha-Herleshauscn crossing point on IS April was hrought
up hy t h e Chief USMIN. 'Ihe subject of picst passes t o Yotsdam
was also hrmight up by the Chicf USMM. V i e Acting Chisf SlHR
suggcstod a rreoting the following week hetwcen thc Chief USW1.V
md the new Chicf SERB {who was on leave) to get aquainted. Tic
tone of the mcctjng * a s friendly and coopcrative.
25 Jun
Chief USYLM n e t w i t h C L i c f SERB a t U S G V request to ijscuss un
accident involving Car #25 in which t w o G13K civi Lizlns riding on
a motorcycl F: were i n j u r e d on 24 Junc near Ri csa QJSSlR.5)
Chief
SERB **as vcry Iiostilc t5roi:ghoiit t h e mccting and was obviously
ill and sufferi3g from a stvcrc cold.
.
7 Jul
Deputy C'hicf USMCM m e t wit11 Dep-~tyChief SFRR nt I'SMLtl rcqxest
discuss incident which occurred on 5 July w1.m USMLV car R 2 5
was stopped by a RTR 60 approximately 3 km SI! of Canzlin (IlVl819).
Meeting was conducted in a cordial manner.
'to
12 .lul Chicf USMIM met w i t h Chief SFRB a t SERH request for the purpose
of prcsenting t h e results of t h e Sovier.'s investigation of the
accident on 24 J i m involving l1SMl.M Car #25 and two GLlK cycl i s t s .
Chief SKKH madc allegatjons of IJSMLY guilt in thc matter.
1 1 Rug
Chief LKMM n i s t with Chief SERB at SERB request f o r the puTose
of annow-cine t h a t Major Hall and TSgt Ratz were declared 'Personae
non grata' and that t.he accrcditatioo of Car $ 2 5 was cancellud.
14 Aug
Chicf USMU4 met with Chief SERn a t USMIH rcquest t o protest the
Soviet's failurc t o rctmn cquipmont and personal ef'fccts taken
froir. UspfLM 7ersonnel during P M v i o l a t i o n and t o ?rotcst the
Soviet deiay in pass cxchanp f o r 3en pcrsonnel to takc t3c
p&s.ses of those rlcclared ' P c r w " non Zrata '.
2U Aug
Deputy Chief U,SMLM nct w i t h Ikputy Cliicf SEIIB an SFKR rcqucst
For the p ~ ~ r p o sof
c protesting an alleged violation 05 Wissiun
R e s t r i c t i o n Sign CyKS] by 11SVL.M personnel on I9 August, a d :o
present a l e t t e r from Chicf of S t a f f , GSFG for Chief of S t a f f ,
USAREUK protestin2 t h e Jctention o f rccerit mont5s involving
IISMLM pcrsonncl
.
3 Sep
C h i e f USMIIW nct with Chief SkRR a t SEKR request €or the purpobe
of rcturning il portion of the eqciptrent taken from IISMLM toUr
durinR PRA vinlation. Chicf U S X A iriformed SERB of t h e
c-2
forrhcoming L'ulunbus Day party. Protest. h - 2 ~also made o f the
time needed f o r Sbviet proccssing of pass cxchangcs. Chicf USMLM
extcnded jnvitations fcr the Tenpelhof Opcn Hoiise on I8 Septenber.
16 Scp
Deputy Chief 1JSMLfl m c t wjth Acting Deputy Chief SERB at SER3
request at Potsdam Mhsion IIouse for thc ~ U T P O S Cof inspecting
the status and progress of repairs on the housc.
17 Sep
C h i e f USYM m c t with Chicf SERB a t USMIL. request for the purpose
of extcndirtg S o v i e t invitatiom to the USMN Columbus Day Party
and to protest the insufficient riunbcr of s q p o r t pcrsonncl €ar
t h c Fntsdm Missivn House. Chief SERB extsnded 3 j s rcgrets that
lie was mablc to attend Tcmpelhof Open Housc on 18 Septctaber.
25
Sep Chief USMLM net uLth C h i d SEKR at SERB rcquest a t IIeadquarters,
GSFG Wunsdorf for the purpose o f introducing Colonel -General
kirkotkin as new CIKCGSFG who uas replac' ng Cereral Kul i k o v .
Chicf L'SMTM inquired as to thc possibility of U.S. cntry jnto
Plaucn PKll t o contact parents of U.S. serviccran killed in
V i e tnm *
29 Sep
Chicf USWM met w i t 3 Chief SERB a t IJSMLM request f o r t h e p u q o s e
of expressing regret at refusal of U.S. cntry into Plauen PKA.
Chicf SEKR verified Sovjct attendance l i s t for 12 October party.
Chief IJSYLM extended h i s apprec:aation for thc farewell v i s i t K i t h
t h e departing CIXiCtiSFG on 25 September.
22 Oct
Dcputy Chicf CSWM net with D q u t y Chief SERB a t IJSMLM tcquest
for tbc purpose n f protesting the lack of sunport Fersomol for
maintaining heat at thc Potsdam Missinn gouse ar.d the mcdiocrc
painting of the interior of thc Yotsdam Mission 3ousc.
31) Oct
Chief IISMW mct w i t h Chief SERB at USYLM request for t h e purp~lsc
of eliciting a plmtograph o€ the nEw CIXCGSFS arid t o inquire
as tr, the whcreubouts of U.S. defector SP4 Fields who had entered
Sovlct Zone w i t h a military vehiclc. Rcquest f o r a photograph
was denied. Chief UW:LH expressed regrct 'ay S o v i e t s to allow U . S .
cntry to Plainen PRA for P U T ~ O S Cof notifying parmts of deceased
1J.S. soldier as requested i n x e e t i n g of 2 5 Scptmbcr.
11 Kov
Deputy Chicf USVIM met with Deputy C h i e f SERB at USMLM request
to p r o t e s t shortagc of s q p o r t persoxnel at Potsdarr MiSsim Iiouse
and to elaborate t h e repairs necdcd at t h i s ?muse.
22
Mov Chjef IJSMLM met with Chicf SERn at SERR request €or the purpsc
o f presenting letter front Chicf of S t a f f , GSFG t o Chief of S t a f f ,
USAKI-;UR concerning lack of U.S. support f o r WLM-F. Also dSscusscd
were thc whereabouts of U.S. dcfector SP4 F i e l d s , t h e procedures
t o he taken f o r using t h e Kartha-IIerlcshausen checkpoint, and
c-3
and thc santinued lack of support the Soviets wcrc rendering
far t h e Potsdui Mission Housc.
29 Nov
Chief IJSMTA m e t with Chief SkRR a t SERa rcqucst for thc purpose
of inquiring as to rasponse OC Chief of Staff, GSFG Icttcr
cnncerning support for SMLY-F. Chief USMU! protested lack o f
support for IlSHlM P o t s d m Mission House. A l s o d i s w s s e d were
impcnding pass renewals and rctcm of U.S. defector SP4 Fields.
2 Dcc
Chief 1IS!.4M met vit.h SERE rcprcsentati YC Maj Shepi 1 ov at SEX3
request to ir,spect work d u m hy East German contractors. M a j
Sheprlov was in charge o f support for work bcirig accomplished
a: Potsdam M i s s i o n IIousc. He cxpmssecl distrust o f East German
workers.
24 llec
Chief USWLV n e t K i t h Ueputy C h i d SEH3 at USMIJI request f o r t h e
purpose of cxtendiJg holiday greetinR from USMM to SERB. A l s o
discussed were t h e dcIays exyerlcnced in thc reissue QT renewal
of expired OF l a s t passcs Cchildrcn's passes).
27 Dec
Chief IJSMLM met w i t h First Ucputy Chief of Staff, GSFI: vajoaGcneral Yakovlcv) a t HQ GSFG a t USM(LM rcqucst for thc purpose
af delivering holiday greetings and g i f t s from Chief of S t a f f
and CYNCUSARElJR t o C h i e f of StHff and UIPiCGSFG. Chief SEX3 was
present
.
31) Dcc
C h i e f USMLPS mct with Deputy Chief SERB at USMLM xcqucst to protest
thc delay in reissue of SerRcant Voigt's pass which disa1)peared
sometime btrwcer. 7 and 11 Uuccmber. Y r o t c s t a involving the recent
conplications cxperienced in t h e exchange o E Fcrsonnel and
vehiculax passes wcre a l s o di swsscd.
c-4
TUA 1-71 (2423612-3123U112 January 1971). This TRA screericd FTX
activity b y clcments of thc Eighth GucFds Army in the suuthwestem
portion of East Germa~iy. Fishbcd aircraft of the 24th ':'acticzl Air
Amy were ohscrved pcrfoming ErouAd attack runs over thc Or6rid PUh
on 27 January.
-
Elemcnts of
'IRA 2..71 (24233LZ
-. . . January
OZZYOOZ February 1971).
thc E r s t Guards Tank Army anti S e c o d Guards A m y participated i n
F'TX activity. River crossing operations werc condurt.cil by u n l t s of
thc 94th WRII, Sccand Guards Army In the Havclherg-Kittenberg area.
Elements o f thc First Guards Tank A m y conductcti t r a i n j rg in the
l e t z l i n g c r b i d e highlighted by river crossing opcrations in the
Elbc Piiarth traj-ning area. A i r defense actjvity involvfyg wrface
to air missjlcs (SA-4) and M A batteries was cmductcd irh t i e
Kittstock training area.
TRA 3-71 12623012-3123002 January 19_7.1.)_. Thzs TKA was an cxtension of the maneuvers which'kook place in TM 1 71.
---
A Third
TRA 4 71 [2623@12,January
052:4002 Fchruary 1971).
SF10c~'AmyFTX w i s 'screened by t h i s 'I'RA. Activity was highlighted
by rivcr crossing opcratioiw by probakJc elements of t h e 207th MR3,
Third Shock Army. The 54th Artillery I)ivis<on (whordinatc direcrly
to Hq GSFG) a l s o deployed tu f i e l d locatinns in tht: TKA; however,
the cxten: o f i t s involvnent j s not known. Logistic s u p p o r t wtiv i t y was performed hy t.hc 56th b a n s p o r t Rcgiment.
TRA 5-71 (1823012-2523002March 1371). IJnits of t h e 'fiird
Army c s p x i a l l y t h c fOtl; Guards Tank nivision and a1 1 of i t s
major su6ordikte u n j t s were active 2urinK this T U . Probable clemenbs of the 19th Motorized Rifle H i v i s i o n , T w c n t i e t i Grrards Army
also participatcd in FTX maneuvers i i the area screencd by t h e T U .
Shock
TKA- 6-71 (1823012-262:5002 March 1971). This TRA scrccr.ed activ j t y 'in sautfxentra-f East tiermany with clmnents of the First Cnards
Tank Army conducting limited out-of-garrison training. Major clemtnts O F t h c 39th GMRI), 57t.h GYRI), and 20th GTD, k i ~ l i t hGuards Amy
conducted FTX's in the restrictcd area.
--
TRA 7-71 (1923fllZ-2623OOZ
-_ .March i971). UivisionaI eleacnts sf
the Eight Guards A m y including the 39th MRD, 57th GMKU, and the
2nth GTD cxercised in the area screened by this TPh.
---
Elcments of thc
TRA 8-71 {2723fl12 June - 0123L"OL July 1371;.
F i rst'Guards Tank Amy and-che Third- Shock Amy conducted PTX a c t i v i t y and r i v e r crossing opcrations. 'The 5fitF. Transportation Regiment
conductcd logistic sapport including laying tacticttl p i p e l i n e f r o m
Luehhcn t o Jueterbog.
’IRA Y - J! (0723012-1423002 July 19711, This “Rz screened FTX
p l a y hy cleneits of at least the 20th G.HfUl, Eighth Guards Amy. Probable elements of thc First Guards Tank hrmy a l s o trained in thc res t r i c t e d area.
TRA 10-71 (082301 Z-1523002 July 1971).
l i e l d Training by najar
clcmcnts of t h e 32d NtD, Second Guards Amy and limited exercise .
by t.hc East Germar. Amy were screened by this ’MA. A l s o , t h e m W C ~ O
indications o f logistical movement which prnhably related to a later
prcss announccmcnt of a Karsaw Pact logistics exorcise.
.
‘1“
11-71
t823UlZ-25230OZ July 1971)
Significant divisional
maneuv~rsin the restricted area involvgdthc 6th GPIKD and 71st
Guards Artillcry Brigade, Twcntieth Guards Amy. Tha TRh screened
d c p l o p e n t i n t o holding areas south of Berlin from which clcmcnts
moved i n t o the Letzingcr Heide Training Area where the exercisc
a c t i v l t y terminated.
-
TRA 12 71 (2523fllZ July 0123002 August 1971:.
Regimental clcnents of the First Guards Tank Amy participated in FTX activity
within the rsstricted arca.
‘rRn 13-71 [0923012-1323002 August 19711 and TKA 14-71 CO92301Z1523002 August
- .*_1971). Specialtzcd AAA Artillery Ss41, Enginccr and
CRR training was evident i n t h i s timc period. ‘ h e two ’SllAts screcned
t h i s activity as wcll as exercise operations b y regimental-level
tactical mancuver units. aatralion strcngth units of the 6th and
7th CIW, First Crlards Tunk Amy were active, and thcrc was evidefice
that elements of the Past German 7th Tank Llivisian, Wtlitxry DistrictI11 deployed into thc southern part of the TRA.
T M 15-71 [0923012-1323002 August’ 19711. This ?RA screened FTX
activities by battalion s i z e d elements of thc 39th M R D , Eighth
TRA 1G-71 [1811002-2223002 August 1971). The Third Shock Army
units conducfcd operations in t h e restrictch area. Deployment of
rcgimental SIZC elements of the 10th GTD into the TIM and column
movement near Route k5 indfcated regimental level FTX a c t i v i t y during
this period.
TRA 17-71 (2323012-2923002 August 1971). This TRA screened a
combined FTX by major olements o f at least the 19th MRD, Twcnticth
Guards Anny and the East Gcrman 8th MID, Military District V , Artillery support .was provided by 71st Guards Brigade, h c n t j s t h
Guards Army. Maneuver a c t i v i t y took placc in the Jueterbog Training
k e a moving wcstward into the Altengrabow, Hlhe Korth, and Letzlinger Heide Training Arcas, during which major rjver crossing opcrations were conducted.
-
TIW 18-72 (292301Z August 0423002 Scptembor. -19711.
--This TKn
was Zmposed at thc conclusion of 'IRA 17-71 with i t s boundaries sugg e s t i 6 operations from the Letzl ingcr Ileide Training Xroa toward
the Polish border near Scttiri. It was pr5nmarily used by East Gcrman
Military District V units including the 2nd Artillery (Scud) Rrigade.
TR4 19-71 (2323012-2723002 Septembcr 1971). Plcments of thc 9th
Guards Tank Hivision, Sccnntl Guards A m y and probable eImm?nts of
t h e 10th GTD, 3rd Shock Amy perfoxmad river crossing opcrntkons on
thc hlbe.
u- 3
MAP OF FMPORARY RESTRTCXD AREA ( T W
2-7 1 ( 2 42 3 0 1Z JAKUARY-0 2 2 300 FEBRUARYI
M” 0: TEMPORARY RESTRICTED AREA (TRA)
3-71 C2623012-3123302 JANUJARY)
D-6
MAP OF TEEA.PORARY KESTRICTFD AREA (TW)
4 7 1 (2623312 FEBRUARY-0523007 MARCPI
, M P OF TLF’ORARY
RLS 1 K I C IED AREA (TRA)
5-71 (1823012-2523002 W C H )
D-8
M P OF TEMPORARY RESTRICTED ARFA (W)
6-71 (1823012-2623QOZ MARCH)
MAP 13F TEMPCRARY RESTRICTED AREA (TRA]
7-71 {1923012-7623002 PARCH)
D- 10
D-11
PAP OF TEMi’CRA7v RESTRICTED iZifEA CTKA)
9-71 (0773017-1 473U07. JUI Y)
D-12
PAP
OF TEMPmQY RESTRICTED A X A (TRA]
21-71 (1823012-2523032 JULY)
M4P OF IEWOWRY R‘E5TREC’ED AREA (TW]
12-71 C2523012 JVLY-QL23OQZ AVGUST]
D--15
MAP CF TEMt'mARY RESTR I CTFD AREA (TRA)
13 -7 I (LIS 230 17- 1323002 k " S T )
D-16
0-17
D-18
-
PAP OF EMPOWlPY RESTRICTED AREA CTRA]
16-71 C18E190Z-222300Z W S T )
D-19
MRP
OF TEMPORARY RESTICTED
AHLA
18-71 c299301Z AUG-0423007 5F.P)
c-2:
c-i-:wi
-
M4P OF TEWORARY RESTRICTET) AREA CTW)
13-71 <2322012-273062 SEPTEMBER]
D-22
ANNEX E
1971 TOU41NG STATISTICS
mE
DAY
FWWM
TrWlRS
TOURS
TWO
DAY
TWRS
THREE
DAY
TOURS
TOTAL
TWR-
DAYS
JAN
39
18
21
0
60
FEE
40
20
20
a
60
MAR
46
26
I9
1
67
APR
35
15
19
1
56
M Y
46
24
20
2
48
XJN
40
19
20
1
C2
JUL
39
15
24
0
63
AWG
36
IS
21
0
57
SEP
33
19
13
1
48
OCT
34
14
20
0
54
Nw
33
7
26
n
59
QEC
29
16
12
1.
43
TO7 AL
450
208
235
7
699
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NAVAL REPRESENTATbVE
SGM KOCHANIEC
SERGEANT bAJOR
MUS. AUNZZ
SECRETARY
F-3
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FXFCUTIVF OFFICER
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