CUREM 2007 Situations Ä Entwurf und Strategie im urbanen Raum

Transcrição

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„(...) Urban design is no longer an off-the-peg profession that people can be trained to
perform, but a discipline that must be defined and invented by its practitioners and that
is as complex as the city herself.
Designers can no longer sit behind their desks until a commission comes their way;
projects of this kind must be exhaustively identified, defined and conquered on one’s
own initiative.”
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HiVYiÄKZghjX]Z^cZg:^caZîjc\"Mark Michaeli
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Kees Christiaanse
Mark Michaeli
Tim Rieniets
Kerstin Höger
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9Va^WdgKZhZan\VkZVXdcX^hZVchlZg/ÈAVg\ZgYdbV^chd[a^[ZgZh^hiWZ^c\igZViZYVhhnhiZbh#É
;dgbVcnYZh^\cZghi]^hdWhZgkVi^dcaZcYhaZ\î^bVXnidi]ZegVXi^XZd[]^Y^c\i]ZbhZakZhVaiZg"
cViZanWZ]^cYVgi^hi^XdghX^Zci^[^XVg\jbZcih!VXjcc^c\bZVchd[ValVnhWZ^c\g^\]i#8]g^hide]Zg
6aZmVcYZgZmeaV^chi]ZXdbeaZmînd[i]ZjgWVcaVcYhXVeZlî]l]^X]lZVgZXdc[gdciZY!VcY
âajhigViZhîjh^c\VY^V\gVb[gdbGji]<aVhhÉgZYZkZadebZcihX]ZbZ[dgB^YYaZhWgdj\]#
>ci]^hYZh^\cZg!i]Z]ZiZgd\ZcZdjhhdX^VacZildg`hXd^cX^YZcZî]Zglî]ZVX]di]Zgcdglî]i]Z
e]nh^XVaWdjcYVg^Zhd[VcZ^\]Wdg]ddY#I]ZXdbeaZmîni]VihjX]VY^V\gVbWg^c\hida^\]i^h^cY^"
XVi^kZd[_jhi]dlXdbeaZmî^hidYZk^hZVcjgWVcYZh^\c#=dlXVclZVkd^YWZ^c\bZgZanVgi^hi^X
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[adjg^h]VcY^ciZglZVkZ#
9Va^WdgKZhZanegdedhZhjh^c\i]ZiZgbÈhîjVi^dcÉidYZhXg^WZi]ZXdcYî^dcd[i]ZjgWVcaVcYh"
XVeZ^cVaaîhXdbeaZmîn#ÈHîjVi^dc^hcdiViZX]c^XVaWjiVcdcidad\^XVaiZgb!î^hdjgbdYZd[
WZ^c\^ci]ZldgaY#I]ZXVeVXînd[ine^XVahîjVi^dchid]daYid\Zi]ZghdbZi^bZhkZgn]ZiZgd\ZcZ"
djhZaZbZcihVcYi]ZXVeVXînid\^kZi]ZbVeg^bVgnXdbbdcbZVc^c\!bV`Zhi]ZbcdidcanV
Xgî^XVakZ]^XaZd[jgWVcînWjiVahdVc^bedgiVciXgîZg^dcd[i]ZWVh^X]jbVcînd[jgWVcheVXZ#É
9ZheîZîhkV\jZcZhh!ÈhîjVi^dcÉ^hVjhZ[jaiZgb!WZXVjhZdjg[^ZaYd[ldg`YdZhcdiXdch^hi
d[^hdaViZYXViZ\dg^ZhWjigVi]Zgd[Vb^mijgZd[i]ZbZ!egd\gVbbZ!inedad\n!XdciZmiVcY
bZi]dYi]Zl]Vi!l]n!l]ZgZVcY]dlXdbW^cZY#
JgWVc9Zh^\c";^kZHîjVi^dchq)(
Situation 1: Waterfronts
VcYVaad[i]ZbÈhZZ`djiadhijgWVcînÉ^ci]Z^gdlceVgi^XjaVglVn#I]ZXd]Zh^dcd[i]Z>?"dZkZgh!
>cbVcnXî^Zh![dgbZgYdXàVcYVgZVhVgZYZkZadebZcihîZh[dgViigVXi^kZ!lViZg"dg^ZciZY
^cheîZd[i]ZZbWaZbVi^XY^kZghîn!YZbdchigViZhi]ZhjîVWâînd[i]ZVgX]êZaV\dbdYZaVhV
Y^hig^Xih#I]ZhZVgZVhd[iZcegdkZidWZWgZZY^c\\gdjcYh[dg[dgbhd[jgWVcîni]ViVgZheVlcZY
YZh^\c^chigjbZci[dgaVg\ZgVgZVh!hjX]Vhi]Z=V[Zc"8înegd_ZXi^c=VbWjg\#
WnVcjcdgi]dYdmb^mijgZd[WjâY^c\h!egd\gVbbZVcYejWa^XheVXZ#LZb^\]iZkZcXdciZcY
i]Vii]Zhjgk^kVad[ÈjgWVcînÉXVcWZZchjgZY!VcY^bWjZYlî]cZlbZVc^c\!^ci]ZhZVgZVh#
Lî]^cVgdWjhihigjXijgZd[ejWa^XheVXZhi]Vi^hWVhZYdci]ZXdc[^\jgVi^dcd[]VgWdjgWVh^ch
>cinedad\^XVaiZgbh!lViZg[gdcihgVc\ZWZilZZcildZmigZbZh/[gdbÈXînWgVcY^c\ÉlViZg[gdcih
VcYe^Zgh!i]ZgZ^hVhnhiZbd[YZkZadebZciÈ[^ZaYhÉi]ViYZg^kZi]Z^gXd]Zh^dc[gdbVXZgiV^c
i]ViVXiVhgZegZhZciVi^kZhnbWdah[dgi]ZXînVcY]VkZV]^\]YZchînd[h]dee^c\!ZciZgiV^c"
inedad\^XVa`^ch]ê!WjiVgZVii]ZhVbZi^bZY^[[ZgZci^ViZYeZgY^hig^Xi^cVXXdgYVcXZlî]YZh^\c
bZciVcY\VhigdcdbnVadc\h^YZ]^\]"fjVaînXdbW^cVi^dchd[a^k^c\VcYldg`^c\!idÈlVî^c\
\j^YZ"a^cZhi]VikVgnlî]i]ZXdciZmiVcYi]Zedhî^dck^h"|"k^hi]Zl]daZ#I]ZXZcigZ^hZkdak^c\
aVcYhÉi]ViVgZidd[Vg[gdbi]ZXZcigZid[dgbVcjgWVclViZg[gdciWjiiddXadhZWnidWZaZ[iid
^cidVXdbeVXi!]^\]anYZch^[^ZYjgWVcY^hig^Xilî]Vb^md[[jcXi^dch!i]Ze^ZghWZilZZci]Z
i]ZeZgê]Zgn#
]VgWdjgWVh^ch^cidegZYdb^cVciangZh^YZci^VaVgZVhlî]igVcheVgZcik^hiVhl]âZVadc\i]ZG^kZg
Jai^bViZan!i]ZVgX]êZaV\dXdcXZei!^cl]^X]X]VgVXiZg^hi^XjgWVcÈ^haVcYhÉ[dgbV]^ZgVgX]^XVa
:aWZV]^\]"g^hZodcZlî]VYncVb^Xh`na^cZ^hZbZg\^c\#6ii]ZZcYhd[i]Z]VgWdjgWVh^chVgZ
cZildg`lî]kVg^djhXZcigZhd[\gVkînVcY^ciZggZaVi^dch]êh!VeeZVghidegdk^YZVlVnd[
ÈcZjgVa\^XÉed^cihlî]ejWa^XViigVXi^dch/i]Z8gj^hZIZgb^cVai]VicdhZa["gZheZXi^c\lViZg[gdci
^beVgi^c\VaZ\^WaZXd]Zh^dcidi]Z]ZiZgd\ZcZînd[i]ZbdYZgcXîn#
YZkZadebZciXVchZZbidYdlî]dji!VhZVa^[ZXZciZg!VcYi]Ze]â]Vgbdc^XXdcXZgi]VaaYZh^"
\cZYWn=Zgod\YZBZjgdci]VieZgX]Zhdcided[VlVgZ]djhZ#I]ZhigjXijgVajgWVcXdcXZei
I]ZXZcigZd[GdiiZgYVblVhWaîoZYWni]ZCVo^h^c&.)%#>ci]ZYZh^\c[dgîhgZXdchigjXi^dc!i]Z
^hcdigZhig^XiZYidi]Z=V[Zc"8înegd_ZXih!Wji^h\ZVgZYidVWgdVYZgk^h^dc[dg=VbWjg\Éh
XînÉhdg^\^cVahigZZi"eViiZgclVhXdbeaZiZangZeaVXZY#I]Z8ddah^c\Za!egZk^djhanVcZXXZcig^X
lViZg[gdci#
WdjaZkVgY!WZXVbZi]ZbV^cVm^hd[Vcdgi]d\dcVahigZZiaVndji!aZVY^c\id]VgWdjgWVh^chlî]
HjX]^ciZ\gVi^dclî]^ci]ZXînh^\cVahVX]Vc\Z^cVeegdVX][gdbigVYî^dcVa!VjidcdbdjhVcY
jc^beZYZYk^Zlhd[i]Zg^kZg#I]^hÈl^cYdldci]Zg^kZgÉWgdj\]iVcVlVgZcZhhd[i]Z]VgWdjg
^cigdkZgiZYlViZg[gdciXdcXZeih#I]ZlViZg[gdci^higZViZYcdiVhV]ZgbZi^Xjcî!l]dhZgZaVi^dc"
YZZe^cidi]ZXînVcYWZXVbZVcd[[^X^VajgWVcXdcXZei^chjWhZfjZciYZXVYZh#>ci]ZaViZ&.+%h
h]êlî]i]ZXîn^hYZiZgb^cZYdcanWnîhY^gZXiXdccZXi^dch!WjiVhVk^h^dclî]^cl]^X]VgZVh
i]^hÈl^cYdlÉXdcXZeilVh^cijgcY^heaVXZYWnîhVciî]Zh^h/Vc^cigdkZgiZYlViZgXdcXZei!
ViVY^hiVcXZ[gdbZVX]di]ZgXVcWZVXi^kViZY^cVÈXdcigdaaZYaV^hhZo[V^gZÉ#
WVhZYdc6bhiZgYVbÉh]^hidg^XXVcVah![âaZYlî]i]ZÈigZZ"]djhZhÉd[VgX]îZXiE^Zi7adbVcY
gZea^XVhd[]^hidg^XVah]ênVgYh#>ci]Zb^Y&.-%h!i]ZXînÉhVYb^c^higVidghYZX^YZYidigVch[dgb
EZg]Vehi]ZlViZg[gdciÉhbdhih^\c^[^XVciXdcig^Wji^dcidi]ZXdciZbedgVgnXîn^hîhediZci^Va
GdiiZgYVb[gdbVXînWZh^YZVg^kZg^cidVXînlî]Vg^kZg[adl^c\i]gdj\]î#I]Z:gVhbjh7g^Y\Z
gdaZVhÈhVk^djgÉd[Vc^YZVd[jgWVcîn!ViaZVhiVhlZegZ[Zgid^ciZgegZiî/jgWVcînZm^hihl]Zc
lVhWjâiVcYVcZlÈ]Va[ÉXîn"]ZVgilVhYZkZadeZY^ci]ZYdX`"aVcYVgZVdci]Zg^kZgÉhhdji]Zgc
cZlineZhd[VXi^kî^ZhVcYcZildg`hheg^c\[gdbi]Z^ciZgVXi^dcWZilZZci]Zd[]^\]anY^kZghZ
WVc`h#
hdX^VacZildg`h#I]Zegdm^bînd[i]ZXînXZcigZ!i]ZegZhZcXZd[X]VgVXiZg^hi^XhXjaeijgVa[dgbh
HjX]Vi]gZZ"[daYeVgVY^\bh]^[i^cjgWVcXdcXZei!Vaalî]^ci]ZheVXZd[(*nZVgh!gV^hZhi]Z
lî]bVg`ZYXdcigVhih^chXVaZ!i]ZigVchî^dchVcYi]ZbViZg^Vaînd[fjVnh^YZhigjXijgZhVcY
fjZhi^dcd[i]ZkVajZd[jgWVcXdcXZeih^cVi^bZd[X]Vc\Z#=dlXVclZ!di]Zgi]VcWnh`ZiX]^c\
hjg[VXZh!VcYi]ZhigjXijg^c\[dgbd[i]Z]VgWdjgWVh^chegdk^YZi]ZWVX`Ygde[dgVXi^kî^Zhlî]
higViZ\^ZhVcYhXZcVg^dh[dgX]Vc\^c\X^gXjbhiVcXZh!ZhiVWa^h]Y^hi^cXi^kZheVi^VafjVaî^Zh
VXViVani^XZ[[ZXidci]Z^ciZgVXi^dcWZilZZchdX^Va\gdjeh#I]^hediZci^Va[dgjgWVcînXdchiîjiZh
lî]djii]ZhZWZ^c\Y^hb^hhZYlî]^cVYZXVYZ4DcZXdcXZeii]VihZZbhidd[[ZgVldg`VWaZWVh^h
i]ZYZZeZg!ZhhZci^Vah^\c^[^XVcXZd[lViZg[gdciVgZVh[dgi]ZXdciZbedgVgnXîn#
^hi]Vid[i]ZVgX]êZaV\d!Vh^c:a^ZaHVVg^cZcÉhVgX]êZaV\dXdcXZei[dg=Zah^c`^YVi^c\[gdb
&.&-#>ci]^hegdedhVai]ZXîn^hcdadc\ZghZZcVhVXd]ZgZciVcY]Vgbdc^djhl]daZ!WjiVhVc
BVcneZdeaZhZZi]ZVgX]êZaV\d^YZVVhi]ZZcYdghZbZciVcYVXXZeiVcXZd[i]ZY^h^ciZ\gVi^dc
dg\Vc^hbXdbedhZYd[]nWg^YZaZbZcihi]ViYZg^kZhîhXd]Zh^dc[gdbi]Z^ciZggZaVi^dch]êhVcY
d[i]ZXîn^c[Vkdjgd[?dZa<VggZVjÉhÈ:Y\Z8î^ZhÉ#=dlZkZg!i]ZVgX]êZaV\d^hcdih^beanVWdji
]^ZgVgX]^Zhd[i]dhZZaZbZcih!ZbWZYYZY^cVjc^fjZided\gVe]^XVaXdciZmi#
i]Z^haVcYh!WjibdgZZheZX^VaanVWdjii]ZfjVaînd[i]Z^ghigjXijgVagZaVi^dchVcYi]Z^gh]VgZY
I]ZVgX]êZaV\dXdcXZeiVahd[jgc^h]ZhVjhZ[jaWVh^h[dg6bhiZgYVb#6adc\i]ZlViZg[gdciî^h
]^ZgVgX]^Zh!l]^X]Y^hi^c\j^h]i]ZVgX]êZaV\dVhVcdg\Vc^hblî]bjaiêaZ[jcXi^dch^cl]^X]
aîZgVaank^h^WaZ^ci]ZhjXXZhh^dcd[egd_ZXih^ci]Z]VgWdjgY^hig^Xi!VhlZaaVh^ci]Z^g\gVYjViZY
i]Z]^hidg^XVaXîn!i]ZlViZg[gdci!hjWjgW^VVcYi]ZeZgê]ZgnhjeedgidcZdi]Zg^cbjijVaYZeZc"
heVi^VaVcYhdX^VaY^[[ZgZci^Vi^dcVcYi]Z^g^ciZ\gVi^dclî]^ci]ZXîn#I]Z&..&È6bhiZgYVbLV"
YZcXn#
iZg[gdciÉegd_ZXi!YZh^\cZYWnDB6!@86E!LZhi-!JCHijY^dVcYCZjiZa^c\h"G^ZY^_`!lVhVcVb"
Wî^djhegd_ZXiidegdk^YZ6bhiZgYVblî]VgZegZhZciVi^kZ!Vaajg^c\lViZg"[gdci|aV7Vai^bdgZ^c
dcZ[Zaahldde#:hhZci^VaanîXdch^hiZYd[VX]V^cd[^haVcYhlî]]^\]ankVg^ZYjgWVcYZkZadebZci
Situation 2: Waitingland
XdcXZeih#I]dj\]i]Zegd_ZXiÈ[Zaa^ci]ZlViZgÉedaî^XVaan!îhWVh^Xeg^cXêaZWZXVbZi]ZaZîbdi^[
;dgbZgedgi!gVâlVnVcY^cYjhig^VaVgZVhi]Vi![dgkVg^djhgZVhdch!]VkZcdi^bbZY^ViZanWZZc
[dgi]ZaViZgYZkZadebZcid[i]Z>?"dZkZghi]ZWVc`hd[i]Z>?"g^kZg#
ZVgbVg`ZY[dgYZkZadebZci[dgbVediZci^VagZhZgkd^g[dgjgWVcgZYZkZadebZci#I]ZidiVa
I]Z=dji]VkZch!i]ZHâdYVb!i]ZLZhiZg"VcYDdhiZgYd`h"ZâVcYZc!i]ZDdhiZa^_`Z=VcYZah`VYZ!
hjg[VXZVgZVd[i]ZhZhîZhd[iZcZfjVahi]Zhjg[VXZVgZVd[jgWVcZmeVch^dcVgZVh!Vc^cY^XVi^dc
?VkV"ZâVcY!7dgcZd"HedgZcWjg\!OZZWjg\VcY>?Wjg\gZegZhZcibVg`ZYanY^[[ZgZciXdcXZeih!
d[i]ZbVhh^kZlVhiZd[heVXZi]VidXXjgh#Idhi^bjaViZYZkZadebZci^cVgZVha^`Zi]^h!î^hcdi
l]dhZbjijVaXd]Zh^dc^heg^bVgânYZiZgb^cZYWni]ZVgX]Zine^XVa[dgbd[i]Z]VgWdjge^ZghVcY
]VgY"VcY"[VhiYZh^\chi]ViVgZcZZYZY!WjiigVch[dgbVi^dcbZi]dYdad\^Zh^cl]^X]jgWVcbV"
i]Z^gcZXàVXZ"a^`ZaVndji#I]ZngZegZhZciVXViVad\jZd[gZXjgg^c\i]ZbZh^clViZg[gdciegd_ZXih
cV\ZbZciVcYhiV`Z]daYZgbVcV\ZbZciVgZVa^\cZYlî]i]ZYZh^\cegdXZhh#
JgWVc9Zh^\c";^kZHîjVi^dchq)*
bZci^c\!^ciZgegZi^c\VcYZkVajVi^c\i]ZZm^hi^c\higjXijgZhVcYYZk^h^c\kVg^djhYZkZadebZci
CZljgWVc]nWg^Y[dgbhZkdakZ^c[dgbZgedgiVcYgVâlVnVgZVh#>cbVcnXî^Zhi]ZgZVgZ^cY^"
hXZcVg^dhl]^X]VgZVcVanhZYVcYk^hjVaôZY#BdYZah!gVc\^c\[gdbVXVji^djhZkdaji^dc[gdbi]Z
XVi^dchi]Vii]ZhZVgZVh]VkZi]ZediZci^VaidegdYjXZVcZlWgZZYd[jgWVcîn#I]ZndlZi]^h
hiVijhfjdid[âa^c\^ci]Z]VgWdjg[dghjWjgWVcYZkZadebZci!VgZhZiVadc\h^YZZVX]di]Zg#I]Z
XVeVXînidVY^kZghînd[[VXidgh#I]ZnVgZd[iZceVgi^VaanYZkZadeZY#I]ZnbVndXXjenVYgVbVi^X
edhh^Wâînd[Xdchda^YVi^c\kVajVWaZedgiWjâY^c\hlî]XjaijgVaZkZcihdge^dcZZg^c\VXi^kî^Zh^h
VcYY^hi^cXi^kZedhî^dck^h"|"k^hi]ZXîn!XdciV^c^c\Vb^mijgZd[gZXZciVcY]^hidg^XVahigjXijgZh
WZ^c\^ckZhi^\ViZY#L]ZgZLVVa]VkZcVcYdi]ZglVî^c\aVcYhY^[[Zg[gdb^ccZg"XînedgiVgZVh^h
dgd[aVg\ZVcYhbVaa"hXVaZVgX]îZXijgVakdajbZhVcYVXi^kî^Zh#I]ZegZhZcXZd[heZXiVXjaVg^c"
^ci]Z^gY^hiVcXZ[gdbi]ZXînVcYi]Z^gbVhh^kZhXVaZ!l]^X]bV`ZcVijgVajgWVcôVi^dcjca^`Zan#
Yjhig^VaWjâY^c\hiZcYhidViigVXiXgZVi^kZWjh^cZhhZh#I]^hbV`Zhîedhh^WaZ[dgi]ZhZVXi^kî^Zh
Lî]Vcdc"^ciZgkZci^dc^hi\dkZgcbZcieda^Xn!i]ZVgZVhldjaY[âajelî]Wjh^cZhhVXi^kîn#I]^h!
id[jcXi^dchnbW^di^XVaan!^cVb^mijgZgVc\^c\[gdbadlWjY\Zi$]^\]XjaijgZid]^\]WjY\Zi$adl
]dlZkZg!ldjaYgZhjai^ckVhibdcd"[jcXi^dcVaVgZVhaVX`^c\^cjgWVcîn!hdbZi]^c\i]Vi^hcdi
XjaijgZ#
VXXZeiVWaZ^cVXdciZbedgVgnV\\adbZgVi^dc#
CZî]Zgi]ZXînXZcigZcdgi]ZeZgê]Zgnegdk^YZhi]ZhZXdcYî^dch#I]ZXînXZcigZ]VhWZXdbZ
@86EhÈh^bjaiVcZdjhX]ZhhÉbZi]dYVXXdgY^c\an^ckdakZhYgVl^c\jeVXdbeaZiZ^ckZcidgnd[
VÈi]ZbZeVg`É[dg[jch]dee^c\VcY^hiddZmeZch^kZ#I]ZeZgê]Zgn^hiddVcdcnbdjh!idddcZ"
Zm^hi^c\higjXijgZhVcYVXi^kî^ZhVhlZaaVhd[Vaaedhh^WaZVXi^kVi^dcediZci^Vah^cVcVgZV#I]ZhZ
Y^bZch^dcVa!iddY^heZghZY#
VgZi]ZcXdckZgiZY^cidVegdXZhh"YZh^\ci]Vi^hYZkZadeZYVadc\h^YZi]ZheVi^VahigViZ\n#
I]ZhZVgZVhgZfj^gZheZX^[^XYZkZadebZcihigViZ\^Zhi]VilâaegdiZXii]ZWVaVcXZd[b^mZYVXi^kîn
V\V^chiedhh^WaZ]dbd\ZcôVi^dc#I]ZnVgZe]nh^XVaWgZZY^c\\gdjcYh[dgi]ZYZkZadebZcid[
Situation 3: Landscape
VcjgWVcîni]Vi^hjhjVaanhbdi]ZgZYWnWaVc`ZiXdchigjXi^dcWVhZYdcigVYî^dcVaeaVcc^c\
KVg^djhhijY^Zh]VkZh]dlci]Vii]ZYZkZadebZcid[hegVla^h^cZkîVWaZ^cVa^WZgVahdX^VaYZ"
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Corporate urbanism = urban stimulation and regeneration?
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Responsive urban design = differentiation!
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7gVcY]jWhq-*
GZ[ZgZcXZh/
7DHH=6GI!9Vk^Y&..,/Die Zukunft des Konsums: Wie leben wir morgen?9hhZaYdg[PZiX#R/:Xdc!e#))
8D<B6C!9Vk^Y!DEE:C=:>B!?ZgZbnB#'%%'/Æ8dcigdkZghn^cXdgedgViZY/XdbeVc^Zhi]ViVYYgZhhi]ZhdX^VaXdc"
XZgchhjggdjcY^c\XdciZci^djhbVg`ZihbVnlZaa[^cYi]ZZ[[dgigZlVgY^c\Ç#>c/The McKinsey Quarterly!cd#)
;69:G!HiZkZc6j\jhi&..*/ÆJc^kZghVa8înLVa`Ç#>c/Urban Entertainment Destinations – Urban Land Supplement!
cd#-!e#&-"'(
;G>:9:C!7ZgcVgY?#!H6<6ANC!AnccZ7#&.-./Downtown Inc#8VbWg^Y\Z/I]ZB>IEgZhh
=6GK:N!9Vk^Y'%%&/ÆI]ZVgid[gZci/\adWVaôVi^dc!bdcdedanVcYi]ZXdbbdY^[^XVi^dcd[XjaijgZÇ!^c/AZdEVcîX]VcY
8da^cAZnhZYh#/ A world of contradictions: Socialist Register 2002. New York: Monthly Review Press!e#&%"&(
=6GK:N!9Vk^Y&.-./ The condition of postmodernity: an enquiry into the origins of cultural change#Dm[dgY/7aVX`lZaa
?6B:HDC!;gZYg^X&..&/Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism#9jg]Vb/9j`ZJc^kZghînEgZhh
@A:>C!CVdb^'%%&/No logo: no space, no choice, no jobs#AdcYdc/;aVb^c\d!e#'&
@DDA=66H!GZb'%%&/Æ?jc`heVXZÇ!^c/8]j^]jV?jYn8]jc\ZiVa#ZYh##The Harvard Design School guide to shopping
/ Harvard Design School project on the city#@ac/IVhX]Zc!e#)%-")''
@DDA=66H!GZb&..*/ÇI]Z\ZcZg^XXînÇ!^c/D#B#6#!GZb@dda]VVh!7gjXZBVjÄS,M,L,XL.GdiiZgYVb/Jî\^kZg^_%&%!
e#&'(."&'+)
@JC@:A!EVja&.../Digital dreams: the work of the Sony Design Center#CZlNdg`/Jc^kZghZ!e#&)%
E>C:!7#?dhZe]VcY<>ABDG:!?VbZh=#&.../The experience economy: work is theater & every business a stage,7dh"
idc/=VgkVgY7jh^cZhhHX]ddaEgZhh
G>:LDA9I!Diid'%%'/Brandscaping: worlds of experience in retail design,7VhZa!7dhidc!7Zga^c/7^g`]~jhZg!e#GDDHI!;gVc`'%%%/Die Disneyfizierung der Städte: Grossprojekte der Entertainmentindustrie am Beispiel des New
Yorker Times Square und der Siedlung Celebration in Florida#DeaVYZc/AZh`Z 7jYg^X]
H6<6ANC!AnccZ7'%%&/ Times Square Roulette: remaking the city icon#8VbWg^Y\ZB6/I]ZB>IEgZhh
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?jYYVcYHjhVcH#;V^chiZ^cZYh#/The Tourist City#NVaZ/Jc^kZghînEgZhh!e#&)("&*)
HDG@>C!B^X]VZaZY#&..'/Variations on a theme park: the new American city and the end of public space#CZlNdg`/
=âaVcYLVc\
OJ@>C!H]Vgdc&..*/ The culture of cities#8VbWg^Y\ZB6/7aVX`lZaa
OJ@>C!H]Vgdc&..&/Landscapes of power: from Detroit to Disney World#7Zg`ZaZnPZiX#R/Jc^kZghînd[8Va^[dgc^VEgZhh
8dgedgViZJgWVc^hbVcYHjhiV^cVWâînq-,
8dgedgViZJgWVc^hbVcYHjhiV^cVWâîn
Kees Christiaanse/ Kerstin Höger
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>cgZXZcinZVgh!i]Zh]^[i[gdbVYkZgi^h^c\idWgVcY^c\a^[ZhinaZh]Vhcdidcani^ZYXdchjbZg
Cultivate branding by cultivating culture
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WVcgZVab#
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^cXgZVh^c\anWZ^c\hjeZghZYZYWnVb^md[gZcdkViZYlVgZ]djhZhVcYcZlhigjXijgZh!]djh^c\
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The Nike example or “going subculture”
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VYYZYkVajZd[i]ZegdeZginVcY!jai^bViZan!VgZheZXiVWaZXdgedgViZ^bV\Z#
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[VXidg^Zh^ci]ZYZkZade^c\ldgaYlZgZjcXdkZgZYWni]ZegZhh#
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IdYVn!C^`ZÉhldgaYl^YZegdYjXi^dcVcYY^hig^Wji^dcXZcigZhhZiVhiVcYVgY[dgdi]ZgXdgedgV"
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eZci]djhZhVcYd[[^XZh#6]daY!dcZd[i]ZldgaYÉhaVg\Zhi[ddY]daY^c\h!cdl]djhZhîhldgaY
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XdbeVcnÉhidebVcV\ZbZci#
]djh^c\#C^`Z]VhVahdYZkZadeZYcjbZgdjhdi]ZghjhiV^cVWâîneda^X^Zh#>ihÆ(GÇgZYjXZ!gZjhZ!
>c7Zga^c!BIKVcYJc^kZghVa^ciZci^dcVaanadXViZYi]Z^g:jgdeZVc]ZVYfjVgiZgh^cXdckZgiZY
gZXnXaZhigViZ\n![dgZmVbeaZ![VkdjghegdYjXi^dcbZi]dYhi]ViÆbV`ZbdgZlî]aZhhÇ!jhZaZhh
lVgZ]djhZhVadc\i]ZHegZZg^kZgWZilZZci]ZY^hig^Xihd[EgZcoaVjZgWZg\!;g^ZYg^X]h]V^cVcY
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@gZjoWZg\#>i^h^ci]ZhZkZgnY^hig^Xihi]Vii]ZhZXdbeVc^ZhÉXjaijgVaÆhXZcZhÇi]g^kZ#7neaVX^c\
egdYjXiXVaaZYÆC^`Z<g^cYÇÄVXdkZg^c\bViZg^Va[dghedgihigVX`hVcY[^ZaYhjg[VXZhbVYZ[gdb
i]ZbhZakZh^cV]^hidg^XVajgWVcXdciZmi^ci]Zb^YYaZd[i]Z^gVjY^ZcXZVcY^ci]Zb^Yhid[i]Z
gZXnXaZYigV^cZgh#
iVaZcihVcYhZgk^XZhi]ZnZbeadn!BIKVcYJc^kZghVaegdYjXZV`^cYd[ÆXdgedgViZjgWVc^hbÇ#LZ
C^`ZÉhhigViZ\nd[Æa^[ZhinaZÇWgVcY^c\!^ckdak^c\]^\]ank^h^WaZ^chiVaaVi^dchi]ViVgZ[jaan^ciZ\gV"
heZV`d[XdgedgViZjgWVc^hbWZXVjhZi]ZhZXdbeVc^ZhY^hi^c\j^h]i]ZbhZakZhcdidcani]gdj\]
iZY^cidi]ZjgWVcXdciZmi!^hZheZX^Vaan^ciZgZhi^c\#I]ZhZ[aV\h]êhidgZh!dgÆC^`ZidlchÇ!VgZ
i]Z^gegZhZcXZVhVcVgX]îZXijgVa^YZciîn!WjiVahdi]gdj\]i]Z^gWZ]Vk^djgVhÆjgWVcXViVanhihÇ#
YZh^\cZYVhbZZi^c\eaVXZhl]ZgZegdbdi^c\VÆXjaijgVaegdYjXiÇdga^[ZhinaZ]Vheg^dgîndkZg
I]Z^gegZhZcXZVcYi]Z^gVXi^dch\ZcZgViZjgWVcigVch[dgbVi^dc#
egd[îbVg\^c#E]nh^XVaan!i]dj\]!i]ZhZ^chiVaaVi^dchgZbV^ch^beaZkVg^Vi^dchd[igVYî^dcVagZiVâ
VgX]îZXijgZ#C^`ZÉhXdchigjXi^dcd[YZgZa^Xihedgih[^ZaYhVcYWVh`ZiWVaaXdjgih^cjcYZgeg^kâZ\ZY
The Volkswagen “including context” example
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DcVcZkZcaVg\ZghXVaZ!hdbZXdbeVc^ZhVgZZkZch]^[i^c\idlVgYhheVi^Va^ciZgkZci^dchi]VibVn
id\gV[iîhZa[dcidi]ZXînÉhg^X]hjWXjaijgVaaVcYhXVeZWnhedchdg^c\iZbedgVgnc^\]iXajWhVcY
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L]ZcYZh^\c^c\Vaad[i]ZhZegd_ZXih!C^`Zdeih[dgVY^hXgZZiVeegdVX]#>ihÆhlddh]Çad\d^hWVgZ"
Wjg\!<ZgbVcn#HdbZldjaYhVnKLlVhdWa^\ZYidYdi]^hVhîlVhaVg\ZangZhedch^WaZ[dgi]Z
an!^[ViVaa!k^h^WaZ#>ci]ZEgZhidAdjc\Z![dg^chiVcXZ!VXVhjVaaneaVXZYigV^cZg^hi]ZdcanigVXZ
hZkZgZZXdcdb^XXg^h^hi]^hVgZVhj[[ZgZY^ci]ZZVgan&..%h#KL]VhcdlbVYZhjhiV^cVWâîni]Z
d[C^`ZÉh^ckdakZbZci#I]gdj\]i]^hXdcig^Wji^dcidhjWXjaijgZ!C^`ZVXi^kZanegdbdiZhadl"Xdhi
[dXjhd[îhXdgedgViZe]âdhde]n!VcY^c&..-!îaVjcX]ZYîhÆ6jidk^h^dcÇXdcXZei^cVcViiZbei
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iddkZg]Vjai]ZXînÉhdcZ"Y^bZch^dcVa!KL"Ydb^cViZYX]VgVXiZgVcYlZVcîd[[îhYZeZcYZcXZ
eViiZgchd[Xa^Zcihid^cXajYZC^`ZegdYjXihdgÆC^`ZHinaZÇ#
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ÄlVh[djcYZY^c&...idgZVa^hZi]^hk^h^dc#7jâY^c\dci]ZXînÉhZm^hi^c\higZc\i]h^ci]Z[^ZaYd[
C^`ZÉhhigViZ\nd[^YZci^[n^c\VcYVci^XêVi^c\hjWXjaijgZigZcYhjai^bViZanVaadlhîid^cî^ViZdg
bdWâîn!Lda[hWjg\6<]Vhhi^bjaViZYcZlXajhiZghd[VXi^kînÄgZXgZVi^dc!^c[dgbVi^dciZX]cdad"
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XVg^cYjhign#I]ZÆ:gaZWc^hLZaiÇÄXdch^hi^c\d[hZkZci]ZbZYXajhiZghigVYî^dcVcYbdYZgcîn!
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iVhn!VcYVgiVcYXjaijgZÄh]dlh]dledhî^kZhncZg\^ZhWZilZZcY^kZghZ[^ZaYhd[VXi^kînXVcWZ#
]ZVYfjVgiZghcdgi]d[KZc^XZ#7ZcZiidcÉhcZildg`d[dkZg'%%hjWXdcigVXidghVcYîhcjbZgdjh
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^ckZhibZcih^cadXVa^cYjhig^ZhhjX]VhV\g^XjaijgZ!]ZVai][ddYhVcYbjai^bZY^VZcg^X]ZYi]Z
i]ZXîn$[VXidgnY^k^YZ#
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i]^h^hZk^YZci^ci]ZVjidbdWâZbjhZjb!i]ZXdbeVcn[dgjbVcYi]ZWgVcYeVkâ^dch^cl]^X]
hjeedgihnhiZb[dgi]ZKZcZidVgZVVcYhigZc\i]ZcZYîhVWâîniddeZgViZdcV\adWVahXVaZ#
KL^hegZhZciZY#I]ZeVkâ^dchh]dlXVhZi]ZgVc\ZVcY\adWVaY^kZgh^[^XVi^dcd[KLWgVcYha^`Z
7ZcZiidcÉhXdgedgViZe]âdhde]nd[gZXdcXâ^c\i]ZadXVaVcYi]Z\adWVa^hdcZd[i]Z`Znhidîh
H`dYV!HZVi!6jY^!AVbWdg\]^c^VcY7ZciaZn#
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I]Z7ZcZiidc;djcYVi^dc]VhZmiZcYZYîhXdgedgViZe]âdhde]n^cidgZhZVgX]^c\cVijgVa]Zg^"
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iV\ZVcYXjaijgVaaVcYhXVeZh#>i^hXjggZcianVXdcig^Wji^c\eVgicZgidG:@JA6!Vc:Jegd_ZXi[dg
Xdb[dgi#I]ZXadhZgZaVi^dch]êWZilZZcKLVcYi]ZedejaVi^dcd[Lda[hWjg\^hi]ZbVi^XVaan
ZXdcdb^X!hdX^Va!XjaijgVaVcYiZggîdg^VaYZkZadebZci!i]ViV^bhidgZYZh^\cVcYgZ]VWâîViZ
VYYgZhhZY^ci]ZXajhiZg8dgedgViZJgWVc^hbHjhiV^cVWâîn)ÇIgVYî^dcVcYBdYZgcînÆ!l]^X]
XjaijgVaaVcYhXVeZhhjX]VhY^hjhZY^cYjhig^VahîZhi]Vi]VkZjcYZg\dcZh^\c^[^XVciX]Vc\Zdg
gZkdakZhVgdjcYi]ZdaYLda[hWjg\8VhiaZVcYi]ZcZlbjhZjbd[i]ZXînÉhXdcigdkZgh^Va]^hidgn#
Y^hijgWVcXZ#>ceVgi^XjaVg!i]Zegd_ZXihZZ`hidYZk^hZeaVcc^c\iddahÄXdbbjc^XVi^dchhdaji^dch!
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gZ\jaVidgnWdY^ZhVcYaVcYhXVeZYZkZadebZcibdYZahÄVhlZaaVhiZX]c^XVahdaji^dch[dgbVcV"
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\^c\i]ZhZkjacZgVWaZVgZVhdkZgi]Zadc\iZgb#
VgZYZkZadeZYi]Vi^ciZ\gViZkVg^djh[jcXi^dchhjX]Vh]diZah!gZhiVjgVcih!X^cZbVhVcYVYZh^"
\cZgdjiaZi#I]ZhZaZVY^cidi]ZhZXi^dcXVaaZYÆ6giVcY8jaijgZÇWnlVnd[i]ZXînÉheZYZhig^Vc
h]dee^c\odcZ#>ci]^hXajhiZg!Zm^hi^c\h^\cVijgZWjâY^c\h!hjX]Vh6akVg6VaidÉh6gih8ZcigZ!i]Z
i]ZVigZYZh^\cZYWn=VchHX]VgdjcVcYi]ZXînÉhbV^c6giBjhZjb!VgZZcg^X]ZYlî]cZlXja"
ijgVaVcYXdbbZgX^VaVbZcî^Zh#
Conclusion
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L]ViXVclZaZVgc[gdbVaai]^h48VclZ^c[Zgi]Vi^cXgZVhZYXdchjbZghZch^Wâîn^c[ajZcXZhi]Z
]ZaegZkZghZi]ZYZXa^cZd[VcjgWVcXînXZcigZVcYhi^bjaViZZXdcdb^X\gdli]#I]ZX]Vc\Zh^c^"
WZ]Vk^djgd[aVg\ZXdbeVc^ZhVcYi]Z^ghjhiV^cVWaZYZkZadebZcihigViZ\^Zh4>cYZZY!VgZXdbeV"
i^ViZYWnKL]VkZZ[[ZXi^kZangZ"ZhiVWa^h]ZYLda[hWjg\VhVkîVajgWVcXZcigZVcY]ZaeZYidWddhi
c^Zhbdk^c\idlVgYhhjhiV^cVWaZXdgedgViZWZ]Vk^djgViVaa4DjgVchlZg^hV[[^gbVi^kZ!WjiXVj"
i]ZXînÉhhZa["^bV\Z#Kda`lV\ZcÉhYZX^h^dcidY^kZgh^[nîhdlcegdYjXi^dchigViZ\nZcXdjgV\ZY
i^djhanhd#<^kZcXjggZcibVg`ZihZch^Wâî^Zh!i]Z^cXZci^kZhid^ckZhi^chjhiV^cVWaZVXi^kî^ZhVgZ
hjW"XdcigVXi^c\XdbeVc^ZhVcYVahd]VYVhjhiV^cVWaZZ[[ZXidcKLîhZa[!^begdk^c\XddeZgVi^dc
XdbeZaa^c\/cZXZhhîn!gZhZVgX]VcYYZkZadebZciVcY!aVhiWjicdiaZVhi!egd[î#
WZilZZcegdYjXi^dcVcYYZkZadebZci#JcZbeadnbZci!l]^X]]VYgZVX]ZYbdgZi]Vc&*!lVh
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8dbeVc^Zhh]^[i[gdbejgZVYkZgi^h^c\^cidbdgZhde]^hi^XViZY[dgbhd[WgVcY^c\[dgdWk^djhgZV"
gZciani]ZbdhiYncVb^XXîn^c<ZgbVcnX[#Egd\cdh6<'%%)#
hdch#;^ghian!XdhihVgZZcdgbdjh!VcYdkZg"hVijgVi^dc!gZYjXZYViiZci^dcheVchVcYadlZggZiZc"
i^dcVbdc\XdchjbZghbZVcîhZ[[ZXi^kZcZhh^hY^b^c^h]^c\#6cYl]âZVYkZgi^h^c\bVnhiâaWZ
Benetton’s “Political Agenda” Z[[ZXi^kZ^chi^bjaVi^c\XdchjbZghidWjn!îYdZhcdi\ZcZgViZVYYZYkVajZdgXVeîVa^ci]Zadc\
H^bâVghigViZ\^Zhd[XdgedgViZjgWVc^hb]VkZWZZcejghjZY[dgnZVghWni]Z>iVa^VcXdbeVcn7Z"
gjc#6higViZ\nd[XdgedgViZWgVcY^c\WVhZYdchjhiV^cVWâîn!dci]Zdi]Zg]VcY!bVn\ZcZgViZ
cZiidc!\ZcZgVi^c\^begZhh^kZYZkZadebZcihdcVgZ\^dcVahXVaZ#6hZVganVhi]Z&.-%h!7ZcZiidc
[gZZejWa^XînVhlZaaVhVYYZYkVajZ\ddYlâa[dgi]ZXdbeVcn#<^kZci]Z]j\ZXdhihd[^ciZgcV"
ViigVXiZYl^YZhegZVYViiZci^dcWnVYdei^c\V]ZVknhdX^d"XjaijgVahaVci^cîhXdgedgViZ^YZciîn
i^dcVaVYkZgi^h^c\XVbeV^\chVcYi]Z^ciZaa^\ZcXZVcYXgZVi^kîngZfj^gZYid\^kZWgVcYhVhiVWaZ
higViZ\n#I]gdj\]i]Zldg`d[XdcigdkZgh^Vae]did\gVe]ZgDa^k^ZgdIdhXVc^!i]ZXdbeVcnZmeadîZY
edhî^dc^ci]ZbVg`Zi!î^h[VgbdgZVYkVciV\Zdjhid^ckZhi^chigViZ\^Zhi]Vih^bjaiVcZdjhanegd"
îhVYkZgi^h^c\XVbeV^\chidWg^c\hZg^djhhdX^VaVcYedaî^XVaegdWaZbhidi]ZViiZci^dcd[i]Z
bdiZi]ZXdbeVcnVcYegdk^YZîlî]VgZejiVi^dcd[hdX^VaZc\V\ZbZcidghjhiV^cVWâîn#
ejWa^X#>cî^Vaan!i]ZhZXVbeV^\chYZe^XiZY]Vgbdc^djh\gdjehd[bjai^"Zi]c^X!bjai^"gVX^VaeZd"
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im urbanen Raum#:I=Og^X]Egd[Zhhjg[g6gX]îZìjgjcYHi~YiZWVj!'%%)!&'*"&)*
BjaVh!6cidc^V!BjaVooVc^!BVgXdZYh#! Architecture for Benetton!BâVc/H`^gV!'%%)
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I]ZJgWVc6gX]êZaV\dq.*
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Mark Michaeli
‘Interaction, not place, that is the essence of the city and city life.’
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Territoriality of the urban structure
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The contemporary urban space
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Topology of the net
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?djih^c^Zb^!6chh^#Accessibility in Helsinki Metropolitan Region#Kdadh'%%'#
?djih^c^Zb^!6chh^!VcYBVg`B^X]VZa^!Netzstadt- Threshold and Dynamic Scale#AdcYdc'%%*#
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A~eeaZ!9^ZiZg#ÈHiVYijcYGZ\^dc^cOZîZcYZg<adWVa^h^Zgjc\jcY9^\îVa^h^Zgjc\É^c/ Deutsche Zeitschrift für Kommunalwissenschaften#Kda#>>$'%%&!7Zga^c'%%&#
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H^Z[ZgaZ!Gda[EZiZg# Rückblick auf die Natur.Bjc^X]&..,#
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Egd_ZìineZc>>$6\\adjcYHegVlaq&%(
6\\adjcYHegVla
Mark Michaeli
„So erlebte ich es zu meiner Verwunderung mit dem Eindringen in diesem Aussenbezirk. Neue
Sphäre für mich allein? Nein, darüber hinaus fühlte ich mich überhaupt in einer Sphäre des Neuen: Wie die Menschen zeigten sich die Dinge in der Vorstadt einzeln, dich das hiess bei ihnen, dass
sie, mochten ihnen auch die Anmut und der Glanz ihrer Pendant drinnen in der Kapitale mangeln,
geradezu morgendlich erschienen. Das war mir zunächst nicht klar, ich ahnte es bloss – aber wie!“
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CUREM 2007 Situations Ä Entwurf und Strategie im urbanen Raum

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