UNESCO World Heritage Tectonic Arena Sardona

Transcrição

UNESCO World Heritage
Tectonic Arena Sardona
Hiking and Excursion Tips
www.unesco-sardona.ch
Why does the Sardona World Heritage
Site exist?
Some things like uniquely beautiful towns, landscapes and all
forms of cultural heritage, are so valuable that they must be
protected for all of humanity. And peace. «Since wars begin in
the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences
of peace must be constructed». This is the central philosophy
of UNESCO which was founded in 1945, the United Nations
organisation for Education, Science and Culture.
The idea of World Heritage is to preserve unique natural and
cultural values for later generations. The key requirement for a
World Heritage site is its worldwide uniqueness. Today, there
are around 779 World Cultural Heritage sites and 197 World
Natural Heritage sites. Of which there are 8 UNESCO Cultural
Heritage sites and 3 Natural Heritage sites in Switzerland.
The globally unique visibility of mountain building as a natural
phenomenon, the exemplary research history as well as the
ongoing importance for geological research were the reasons
for UNESCO to bestow World Natural Heritage status to the
area in 2008. This is the highest honour a place of natural
value can receive.
The Tectonic Arena Sardona therefore falls into the same category as the Grand Canyon, the Galapagos Islands or the volcanic islands of Hawaii. An extraordinary honour as well as an
obligation to always take great care of this unique site.
We invite you to explore the Sardona World Heritage and to be
enchanted by this unique mountain landscape.
Harry Keel
Executive Director
IG Tektonikarena Sardona
The UNESCO World Heritage Tectonic Arena Sardona
2
Tectonic Arena Sardona –
what does it mean?
Tectonic
Tectonics is a specialist field of geology. It covers the study of
the structures of the earth, the movements within and on the
earth’s surface, as well as the mechanisms and forces that
power these movements. In the UNESCO World Heritage
Tectonic Arena Sardona the Glarus Thrust is the most striking
and central tectonic element.
Arena
The Glarus Thrust is visible in three dimensions on the peaks
around the Piz Sardona. Thus, on the Fil de Cassons, the
Segnespass or on the Heidelpass for example, visitors have the
impression that they are standing in an arena.
Sardona
Photo: Ruedi Homberger, Arosa
The 3056 m high Piz Sardona – which is not the most impressive, nor the highest peak of the region – combines three features, which lead to the 330 km² World Heritage Area being
named after it: It lies in the middle of the area and on the
border of the three cantons involved in the World Heritage Site:
Glarus, St.Gallen and Graubünden (Grisons). It stands for the
collaboration of the three cantons and 13 municipalities
involved. The Glarus Thrust is visible from all sides around the
peak of the Piz Sardona.
Piz Sardona gives the World Heritage site its name.
3
Welcome
Welcome to the UNESCO World Heritage Tectonic Arena
Sardona. In this primal and diverse mountain landscape located
in the cantons of Graubünden (Grisons), Glarus and St.Gallen
you gain unique insights into the history of the formation of
alpine mountains and valleys. There is no other place on earth
where the signs of mountain building are as visible as here. The
mountains here are even upside down! Because there are older
layers of rock lying on younger layers all around the Piz Sardona.
Along a clearly visible sharp line – the so called Glarus Thrust –
old verrucano rock was pushed over younger flysch rock for
millions of years.
This brochure takes you on a journey of discovery through the
unique UNESCO area. The Sardona World Heritage trail, a
long-distance hike that takes you through the middle of the
World Heritage Site in 6 stages, is at the heart of it all. We will
also present 6 GeoHikes, 6 GeoExcursion Tips and 6 Geo
Phenomena to you. All of these are easily accessible and a
great experience. Thus, there is always something to do for
everyone.
We trust that you will have great fun and wish you many
impressive experiences and encounters in the UNESCO World
Heritage Tectonic Arena Sardona.
Maya Kobi-Largo
Executive director
Elm Ferienregion
Cairn on the Pizol
4
Björn Caviezel
CEO Heidiland
Tourism
Marc Woodtli
Destination Flims
Laax Falera
Content
Introduction of the UNESCO Idea
2
Welcome
4
The Sardona World Heritage Trail
6
Stage 1: Filzbach – Murgseehütte
8
Stage 2: Murgseehütte – Spitzmeilenhütte SAC
10
Stage 3: Spitzmeilenhütte SAC – Weisstannen
12
Stage 4: Weisstannen – Sardonahütte SAC
14
Stage 5: Sardonahütte SAC – Elm
16
Stage 6: Elm – Flims
18
GeoHike Circular hike Firstboden
20
GeoHike High altitude hike Obererbs – Ämpächli
22
GeoHike Murg lakes round tour
24
GeoHike GEOTour Garmil
26
GeoHike Cassons
28
GeoHike Rhine Gorge Trail
30
GeoExcursion Tips
32
GeoPhenomena
36
GeoInside
40
Destinations
42
Expandable Overview Map
5
The Sardona World
Heritage Trail
On the 84 km long Sardona World Heritage Trail you experience
the UNESCO World Heritage Tectonic Arena Sardona up close.
Nowhere else in the world are the phenomena of mountain building
as apparent as in the border regions of the cantons St.Gallen,
Glarus and Grisons (Graubünden).
The central element is the Glarus Thrust: a magical, easily
visible straight line. Over the course of millions of years during
the formation of the Alps, old rock has been pushed onto
younger rock along this line. Erosion by the elements has exposed these unique structures which are witnesses of these
processes on the earth’s surface. Nowhere else in the world are
they as visible as here, in the untouched landscapes of the
Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona.
The landscape in this World Heritage site has a wealth of natural treasures. The high density of mire landscapes, alluvial
planes, conservation areas and geotopes of national importance form a valuable habitat for many animals including
ibexes and bearded vultures. Furthermore many mountain villages still contain traces of the Walser people to this day.
For those with a special interest in geology there is an accompanying brochure by David Imper with information concerning
geology and natural history – order at: www.geopark.ch.
Route: Filzbach 1 – Murg lakes 2 – Spitzmeilenhütte SAC 3 – Weisstannen 4 – Sardonahütte SAC 5 – Elm 6 – Flims 7
Difficulty: ppppp Endurance: ppppp Views: ppppp Adventure: ppppp
6 days 84 km 7315 m 6951 m
View of the the upper Segnesboden with the Pid Dolf
6
Distance Profile
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3000 m
2000 m
1000 m
0
Useful information on the Sardona World Heritage Trail
SchweizMobil: The entire hike is signposted as SchweizMobil
hiking route no. 73. It is possible to adapt and shorten the hike
according to your needs due to the many different entry points
along the way: www.schweizmobil.ch/en
Swisstrails: The Sardona World Heritage Trail can be booked as
a package including luggage transport. To make this service
possible, the stages differ slightly from the original description.
The number of stages can be determined individually.
www.swisstrails.ch/unesco
Hiking map: The Swisstopo hiking map “Tectonicarena Sardona”
(Blatt 5080 T) is the first hiking map of Switzerland with added
geological information. It can be obtained at tourist destinations
or from IG-Tektonikarena.
Online orders at: www.toposhop.admin.ch/en/
GPS-Tracks: The Sardona World Heritage Trail (as well as most
other hikes presented in this brochure) can be comfortably
downloaded to a mobile phone and accessed offline. Free download of the GPS-Tracks-App at: www.gps-tracks.ch
7
Stage 1
Filzbach – Murgseehütte
The first part of this stage follows the GeoPhenomena Trail
(GeoPhänomene-Weg), which has information boards explaining
geological phenomena. Highlights include the Helloch Doline, the
trail along the base of the Mürschenstock as well as crystal clear
mountain lakes.
Habergschwänd is the starting point of the first stage. From
here you see the impressive Churfirsten mountain range – a
natural monument of national importance. On the renewed
trail from Habergschwänd to where the trail branches, at Alp
Hummel, you find information boards describing geological
phenomena within the World Heritage Site Sardona. The stage
leads up to the Mürtschenfurggel and goes past the Helloch
Doline, a large depression, created by the collapse of a sub
terranean hollow. You continue past the Lake Spanegg to the
Mürtschenalp, where different ores were mined in the 1850’s.
The ground here is coloured blood-red due to red slate from the
verrucano group. By the way: The Murg lakes have a rich
population of fish and are a Mecca for fishermen – permits
obtainable on location.
Lodging / Food
Berggasthaus Habegschwänd; www.kerenzerbergbahn.ch
Restaurant Talalpsee; +41 79 691 02 21
Murgseehütte; www.murgsee.ch
Skihütte Mülibach; +41 79 291 23 49
Route: Habergschwänd – Talalpsee – Lake Spanegg – Mürtschenffurggel – Murgseefurggel – Murg lakes
7 h Talalpsee
8
13,6 km 1695 m 592 m
The Hellloch-Sinkhole or Doline
The «Hellloch» is an impressive cone-shaped depression. It
has an inner diameter of about 50 meters and is about
30 meters deep. Looking at it from an aeroplane one could
assume that it is a crater caused by a meteorite, in reality the
«Hellloch» was once a large cave close to the surface. When
this cave collapsed, it created a depression which is usually
described as a sinkhole or doline.
Gateway to Hell?
Photographer: David Imper
Due to its name, earlier generations believed the Hellloch
to be a work of the devil.
Would you meet him if you
climbed down the hole?
Schematic representation. Illustration M. Weidmann
View into the Hellloch-sinkhole or
doline.
The Hellloch: once a cave (left), today a funnel-shaped cave-in
(Doline, right).
9
Stage 2
Murgseehütte – Spitzmeilenhütte SAC
The second stage goes from the Murg lakes landscape, shaped by
glaciers, to the grassy slopes of the Mülibachtal in Glarus and ends
at the Spitzmeilen hut (Swiss Alpine Club) which has wonderful
panoramic views of the impressive Churfirsten and the Alvier Group.
The first part of this stage goes along the upper Murg lake, up
to the Widersteinerfurggel. After a short descent a high-altitude
trail leads to the ski hut Mülibach providing beautiful views of
the Glarus and Grisons mountain peaks. From Mülibach Oberstafel the trail is more strenuous. Always with the striking
Magerrain in view you make your way up to the Wissmilenpass,
where wonderful panoramic views present themselves – including the Gipsgrad with its colourful layers of rock and the
Piz Sardona, which lends its name to the World Heritage Site.
Experienced alpinists can tackle the prominent Spitzmeilen
from here. The Madseeli is perfect for a cool swim just before
you reach the Spitzmeilen hut.
Lodging / Food
Ski hut (Skihütte) Mülibach; +41 79 291 23 49
Spitzmeilenhütte SAC; www.spitzmeilenhuette.ch
Route: Murgseehütte – Widersteiner Furggel – Mülibach
tal – Wissmilenpass – Madseeli – Spitzmeilenhütte
5½ h 12,1 km 939 m 669 m
Madseeli with the Churfirsten and the Alviergruppe
10
United colours of Gipsgrat
The Gipsgrat not only features a broad range of rock types, but
also colours.
If you like to experiment and paint, take a stone home and
make paint out of it! Firstly, break the stone up with a hammer
and grind it in a mortar. The stone powder can then be mixed
with water soluble white glue and diluted with water – the paint
is finished!
The Gipsgrat: a beautiful mountain ridge.
Stony richness of colours above
the Spitzmeilen hut of the Swiss
Alpine Club.
11
Stage 3
Spitzmeilenhütte SAC – Weisstannen
The strenuous third stage leads through the colourful mountain
landscape of the Fans plateau down to Weisstannen. Wonderful
views await from different lookouts. The view over the Chammseeli
of the surrounding mountain peaks is especially fascinating.
From the Spitzmeilen hut at 2000 m you walk down to the
small Walser village of Weisstannen at 1000 m. During the first
part of this stage you encounter porous cellular limestone and
limestone rock rills, which offer ideal hideouts and tunnels for
marmots. Passing the Chamseeli you reach the Mardfurggel,
from where the Glarus thrust is clearly visible. The peaks above
the “magical line” are composed of 250–300 million year old
verrucano rock – below them lie the 200 million year younger
Flysch and limestone rocks. Walkers with a fear of heights
descend to the Weisstannen Valley at the Fansfruggla. The
descent via Madfurggl is only recommended to sure-footed
people with no fear of heights. By the way: If you are in Weiss
tannen the Museum “Post ab!” is worth a visit.
Lodging / Food
Hotel Gemse; www.weisstannen.ch
Hotel Alpenhof; www.alpenhof-weisstannen.ch
Route: Spitzmeilenhütte – Schönbüelfurggel – Fansfurggla – Lauifurggla – Madfurggl – Weisstannen
5½ h 16 km Schaffans plateau
12
544 m 1627 m
Schaffans-Dolomite: out of the sea into the rain
On the Schaffans plateau one walks over yellowish-white Dolomite-limestone, which was created during the Triassic period
(250 to 200 million years ago). Today the rock is at 2200
meters above sea level – it was created at sea level. It is a
shame that it is not possible to travel back to the world when
it was created!
Rain is slowly dissolving the Dolomite rock. So the rock travels
as rainwater to where it was created, the sea.
Stone art forms
During the erosion of the
Dolomites, fascinating land
scape features, such as rock
rills (grooves in the rock) and
dolines (collapsed karst hollows), have been formed on
the Schaffans plateau.
The dolomite rock in Schaffans
was created in a shallow shelf sea
like this one.
Weathering and erosion are «geological stone masons», creating
photogenic karst sculptures out of sedimentary limestone.
13
Stage 4
Weisstannen – Sardonahütte SAC
The fourth stage goes from the former Walser settlement through
the wild Lavtina Valley to the impressive waterfall arena close to
Batöni. From here you tackle the strenuous ascent to the Heidelpass, from where there are remarkable views of the Glarus Thrust
below the Ringelspitz and the Piz Sardona all the way to the end
of this stage.
When entering the Lavtina Valley you also enter the conservation area Graue Hörner (Grey Horns) founded in 1901. After
the eradication of ibexes in 1809 this area was the first where
wild ibexes were reintroduced to Switzerland in 1911. In the
valley basin, the impressive waterfall arena comes into sight.
A total of four waterfalls plunge down the steep walls. From
here the steep ascent to the Heidelpass begins, where you have
an excellent view of the razor-sharp line of the Glarus Thrust on
the Ringelspitz and the Sardona-Segnes-Group. If you are
lucky you can spot one of the bearded vultures that was set free
in the Calfeisen Valley. The view is especially spectacular at
the idyllic Plattenseeli.
Lodging / Food
Valtüsch; +41 81 723 17 48
Sardonahütte SAC; www.sardonahuette.ch
Route: Weisstannen – Unterlavtina – Heidelpass – Plattenseeli – Heubützlipass – Sardonahütte
7 h Ringelkette
14
15,5 km 1672 m 518 m
The Glarus Thrust
The view of the Glarus Thrust from the Heidelpass is phenomenal. A line that runs to the west, below the peaks of the
Ringelspitz and Tristelhorn and over the Piz Dolf and the Piz
Sardona.
The Glarus Thrust is a plane on which older Verrucano rock was
thrust onto much younger limestone and flysch over a distance
greater than 35 kilometres.
The Glarus Thrust at the Ringelspitz – a striking line below the
mountain peaks.
depth in km
Flysh and limestone
Verrucano
1
3
Verrucano
5
Flysh and
limestone
7
North-south cross-section of the alps from 20 million years ago.
Verrucano rock was thrust over limestone and flysch deep inside the
earth along the Glarus Thrust (red line).
15
Stage 5
Sardonahütte SAC – Elm
After the overnight stay in the middle of the Natural World Heritage,
the fifth stage leads through untouched mountain landscapes to
the Foopass. Accompanied by the Glarus Thrust on the Foostock
and the Piz Sardona. With gorgeous panoramic views of parts of
Glarus you descend to Elm.
The first section leads back to the Heubützlipass, which was
already part of the fourth stage. From here the view leads back
to the Gigerwald reservoir, the Sardona Glacier and the Chli
Glacier. The moraine walls of the two glaciers show that they
were much bigger and longer a mere 150 years ago. You continue over the Muotatalsattel towards the Foopass at 2223 m,
from where the long descent to Elm begins. When you look at
the Tschingelhörner during a cosy dinner you will see the
mythical Martin’s Hole. It is one of many unforgettable natural
phenomena. Twice a year the rays of the sun shine through the
18 meter high hole and hit the church in Elm. Alternatively,
you can sleep on the Tschinglen Alp.
Lodging / Food
Several in Elm; www.elm.ch
Niedernhütte on the Tschinglen-Alp; +41 79 505 59 53
Route: Sardonahütte – Heubützlipass – Muotatalsattel – Foopass – Elm
7 h 19,9km 787 m 1985 m
Foostock and Riesetenhorn in the Krauchtal
16
Martin’s Hole: monumental and mystic
The reward at the end of this stage, in Elm, is the view of
Martin’s Hole. At its highest point, this drop-shaped formation
is 18 m high and 15 m across! In comparison: The church
tower in Elm is 23 m high.
By the way: It is possible to see this monument close-up.
GeoGuides present the local features and mountain guides
offer guided tours into Martin’s Hole.
Martin’s Hole depicted in the most View and sunlight from Martin’s
famous aquarelle by Hans Conrad Hole to the church tower of Elm.
Escher (1812).
Above the clearly visible line of the Glarus Thrust are the
Tschingel-hörner and Martin’s Hole is below them.
17
Stage 6
Elm – Flims
After Elm, the Wakker Prize village, the Tschingelhörner with
Martin’s Hole close-by fascinate during the sixth stage, which
leads over the Pass dil Segnas. During the descent to Flims the
landscape changes from a flood and mire landscape on the
Segnasboden to a landscape shaped by the Flims Rockslide, the
largest rockslide of the Alps.
The first 500 m in elevation to the Tschinglenalp can be c overed
with the Tschinglen cable car. There is also the possibility to
spend the night or eat here. This is followed by the steep ascent
to the Brünschegg, on which the jagged peaks of the Tschingelhörner over the Glarus Thrust are easily visible. When reaching
the Segnespass you have direct views of M
artin’s Hole. Up here
stands a hut from the Second World War, which is used as a
mountain lodge. Next follows the steep descent across the
lower Segnesebene – a floodplain and mire landscape of
national importance – to the Segnes hut, from where the

Flimserstein comes into sight. The largest alpine rockslide went
down from its western side at the end of the last ice age. Via the
Trutg dil Flem you make your way down to Flims: The end or
starting point of the Sardona World Heritage Trail.
Lodging / Food
Segnespass Mountain Lodge; www.segnespass.ch
Several in Flims; www.flims.com
Route: Elm – Tschinglenalp – Segnespass – Segnes Sut – Segneshütte – Flims
8½ h 19,4 km View from the Cassons ridge
18
1678 m 1563 m
On the Segnasboden: The most beautiful braids of Flims!
Photo: Christoph Elmer
If you allow a river that carries a lot of sand and gravel to flow
freely, it will flow in a curved line – it meanders. If this river
changes its course, a new curved line develops. If the old and
the new course happen to overlap each other, they create a
pattern that looks like a braid.
During this stage one encounters very photogenic braid
patterns on the Segnasboden, which were sculpted into the
landscape by the meandering river Flem.
Braid pattern on the lower
Segnasboden / Segnas sut.
Photo: Christoph Elmer
Left: Meandering River.
Right: Braid pattern created by
two overlapping river courses.
Work of Art: braids on the lower Segnasboden / Segnas sut.
Artist: the meandering river Flem.
19
GeoHike
Circular hike Firstboden
Apart from the stunning view of the World Heritage Site the hiker
is accompanied by wild flowers in the alpine meadows. The wild
pastures are still manually harvested for hay up to the Firstboden,
which is a very arduous procedure. Along the way you are accompanied by waterfalls and several picnic areas, which are an
invitation to grill and relax.
After a steep ascent from Elm you are rewarded with an overwhelming panoramic view from the Firstboden at 1750 m; an
uninterrupted view of Martin’s Hole and the magical line of the
Glarus Thrust from the Hausstock to the Foostock with Piz
Sardona in between. If you do not want to take the cable car
back down to the valley, you can hike through the wild and
impressive Tschinglen gorge on the way down.
The church in Elm marks the starting point of the hike. The
steep 500 m difference in altitude to the Tschinglen Alp can be
overcome comfortably with the Tschinglen cable car. The
Tschinglen restaurant offers food and drink before you make
your way back down to the valley.
Lodging / Food
Tschinglen-Wirtschaft; www.tschinglen-wirtschaft.ch
Route: Elm – Unterbach – Gschwänd – Firstboden – Tschinglen Alp – Tschinglenschlucht – Elm
4 h 7,9 km 766 m Firstboden, above the Tschinglen-Alp
20
766 m
The Elm landslide, 1881
1km
The ascent from Elm to the Firstboden takes you along the
right side of the Plattenberg.
On the 11. September 1881 around ten million cubic metres
of rock fell one and a half kilometres into the valley. 114
people were killed and 83 buildings destroyed. Only 13 bodies
were rescued and buried, for the rest of the victims the fallen
rock became their grave.
The landslide was caused by the excessive and improper
mining of slate. The walls of the Plattenberg were undercut
and destabilised until they collapsed
The landslide came crashing down
on Elm like a gigantic avalanche.
The extent of the fallen rock to
the north of the Plattenberg
during the landslide in 1881.
Red: the ascent from Unterbach
to the Firstboden.
21
GeoHike
High altitude hike Obererbs – Ämpächli
The leisurely high altitude hiking path goes from Oberebs to
Ämpächli via the Bischofalp at around 1600 m. Hikers are accom
panied by an impressive panoramic view of the UNESCO World
Heritage area: including the Hausstock, the Vorab and the
Tschingelhörner with Martin’s Hole.
The beautiful hike goes from the Oberebs ski hut to the
Bischofalp, one of the largest wild pasture alps of Switzerland.
For the most part the hike leads through the Freiberg Kärpf, the
oldest wildlife reserve of Switzerland, surrounded by wonderful
wild flower meadows. Several picnic areas make for inviting
possibilities to have a rest. This easy hike is especially suited
for families, schools, clubs and older people. It is also part of
the long-distance hiking trail ViaGeoAlpina, which leads
through the Alps, and a GeoGuide can be booked for this
particular section.
The simplest way to reach Oberebs at the start of the hike is to
take the bus from Elm. For the way back from Elm the mountain
resort offers, in addition to the cable car, scooter bikes and
mountain go carts. It is also possible to hike the opposite way
from and to Elm.
Lodging / Food
Skihütte Obererbs; www.obererbs.ch
Bergrestaurant Ämpächli; +41 55 642 61 81
Älpli; +41 55 642 61 81 (ab Juli Mittwoch–Sonntag)
Bergrest. Bischofalp; +41 55 642 15 25 (from Sept. 2015)
Further accomodation and restaurants: www.elm.ch
Route: Elm – Obererbs – Bischofalp – Ämpächli – Elm
(reversible)
1¾ h 5 km 250 m Oberebs with a view to the Hausstock
22
250 m
An extraordinary fold at the Hausstock
The Glarus Thrust is clearly visible at the Hausstock, because
the types of rock above and below the thrust have different
colours.
In the flysch rock, below the thrust, one can see a large,
striking fold. Folds typically occur together with thrusts. In
other words: Where there is a thrust, the bordering rock is
folded.
The striking fold in the north face
of the Hausstock.
Sketch of the fold.
The Hausstock with the Glarus Thrust (red line) and the fold (yellow).
23
GeoHike
Murg lakes round tour
Streams, lakes, waterfalls, mire meadows, rock gardens and the
protected Arven forest reserve by the lower Murg lake: The Murg
lakes round tour is an unforgettable experience.
The ascent up to Gspon is relatively steep and requires some
endurance. The path follows the Gspon stream to the lower
Mürtschen alp. Copper and silver were mined here, mainly in
the second half of the 19th century. On the way to upper
Mürtschen the Mürschenstock appears imposing to the right.
It has three peaks: Stock, Fulen and Ruchen. Over the Murgseefurggel you reach the three Murg lakes. The lower Murg lake
with its age-old stand of Arven trees, is listed in the national
inventory of landscapes and natural landmarks.
Merlen, which can be reached from Murg by car or with the
Murgsee-bus (no time-table, only on request: +41 81 738 14 41)
is the starting point for this hike. By the way: You can purchase
fishing permits at the Murg lake hut.
Lodging / Food
Berggasthaus Murgsee; www.murgsee.ch
Route: Merlen – Unter Mürtschen – Ober Mürtschen – Murgseefurggel – Murg lakes – Mornen – Merlen
6 h 15 km Middle Murg lake
24
897 m 897 m
The cirque staircase-Landscape Murg lakes-Rietlichopf
Cirque
Cirque threshold
threshold
A cirque glacier in the hollow that
it ground out of the rock.
Hollow
Hollow
Upper
Murg lake
Murg lake
hut
Murg lake
hut
Threshold
Threshold
Hollow
Hollow
Upper
Murg lake
Spectacular glacier polishes in the
Murg lakes area.
Murg lake
fall
Murg lake
fall
Threshold
Threshold
Cirque
Cirque depression
depression
In the Murg lakes region cirque glaciers have ground several
large cirque hollows out of the rock. As these are arranged
similar to the steps of a stair, their succession forms a cirque
staircase landscape. This stair is climbed when walking up
from the lower Murg lake to the Murg lake hut. One also
encounters large impressive rock surfaces with glacial polish.
Lower
Murg lake
Lower
Murg lake
Hollow Threshold
The depression / rise of cirque hollows and cirque thresholds in the
Hollow Threshold
Murg lakes area (schematic representation).
25
GeoHike
GEOTour Garmil
The GEOTour Garmil at the Pizol is the perfect combination of an
easy high altitude hike with breath-taking panoramic views and
fascinating information. During the hike you are provided with
interesting geological facts about the Pizol via your smartphone.
During the hike you can use your smartphone to receive
acoustic and audio-visual information concerning the geological history of the Garmil at nine information points. The local
Pizol legends give the hike an air of mystery. The appropriate
app (for Apple, Android and Windows) can be quickly and
comfortably downloaded at the WLAN-hotspots at the upper
and lower Pizol lift stations.
Gaffia, at 1861m, is the starting point of the hike, which can
be reached comfortably via cable car or chairlift from Wangs.
The well-trodden thematic hike is also very suitable for f amilies
and groups.
Lodging / Food
Berghotel Furt; www.hotel-furt.ch
Berghotel Alpina; www.hotel-alpina.ch
Berghotel Graue Hörner; www.graue-hoerner.ch
Route: Gaffia Station – Basürla – Garmil – Fürggli – Vollenplangg – Furt
2½ h 6,4 km 283 m 828 m
View from the Garmil to the Rhine Valley of St.Gallen
26
Distant view into the past
Photo: Air force
The distant view from the resting place Garmil is special: It
provides a view from an ancient ocean to the former north coast
of Africa. 145 million years ago the rocks of the Garmil were
located on the southern coast of Europe and the rocks of the
Three Sisters were on the northern coast of Africa (see map).
In between Garmil and the Three Sisters was the Piemont
Ocean, the floor of which was, among other things, made up of
rock from the Falknis.
The rocks of the Falknis: born in
the deep sea.
The rock of the Three Sisters:
Formerly the floor of the ocean on
the African north coast.
NORTH
AMERICA
Atlantic
Ocean
London
EUROPE
Lisbon
Garmil
IBERIAN
PENINSULA
Falknis
AFRICA
1000 km
Pi
em
t
on
Oc
e
an
Three Sisters
ITALY
Vardar
Ocean
Europe 145 million years ago with the Piemont Ocean.
The Mediterranean did not yet exist.
27
GeoHike
Bargi – Cassons – Segnashütte – Alp Nagens
The high valley and the plateau with its protected moor are
unique – the panoramic views are wonderful. During this hike you
walk along the edge of the Flims Rockslide while counting up to
500 different mountain peaks.
From the Bargis high valley via the plateau of the Flimserstein
you reach the highest point of the hike on the Cassons ridge.
There you can enjoy the unique view of more than 500
mountain peaks. From there the hike leads down towards the
Segneshütte with views of the upper and lower Segnesboden.
The lower Segnesboden is especially beautiful and significant
and is part of the national inventory of mires. Looking up the
mountain the Glarus Thrust with the Tschingelhörner and
Martin’s Hole is visible and looking down you see the edge, the
sliding surface and the debris area of the Flims Rockslide.
The Arena Shuttle comfortably takes you to the starting point
of the hike and back down the valley. First shuttle from Flims
at 8.30 / last shuttle to the valley: Alp Nagens at 17.00.
Furthermore, you can take the cable car into the valley from
Cassons to shorten the route.
Lodging / Food
Berghaus Bergis; www.berghaus-bargis.ch
Cassons Beizli; www.flims-cassons.ch
Stalla Alp Nagens; www.alp-nagens.ch
Route: Flims – Bargis – Cassons – Oberer Segnesboden – Unterer Segnesboden – Segneshütte – Alp Nagens – Laax
7 h 13 km On the Flimserstein
28
1200 m 750 m
At the Cassons in the heart of the Tectonic Arena Sardona
If one stands on the Cassons ridge it becomes understandable
why geologists refer to this area as a tectonic arena. At this
location one can turn around like in an arena and see the
striking line of the Glarus Thrust in the faces of many different
mountains, like the Tschingel-hörner, Piz Atlas or Piz Segnas.
Piz Sardona
The Piz Sardona (3056 m) lies
at the centre of the world
heritage area. It is the border
mountain between the three
cantons involved in the world
heritage site: Glarus, St.Gallen
and Graubünden (Grisons).
The Glarus Thrust is visible on the
Piz Sardona from every angle.
This photograph only shows a small section of the magnificent
mountain panorama, which can be admired on the Cassons ridge.
29
GeoHike
Rhine Gorge Trail
It all began around 10,000 years ago. Between the Flimserstein
and the Piz Grisch over 10 cubic kilometres of rock came thundering down into the valley. After that the Rhine began its work and
started greedily eating through the rock, creating the «Grand
Canyon» of Switzerland: The Rhine Gorge.
The Rhine Gorge, also called Ruinaulta, is one of the most
spectacular and diverse landscapes in the Alps: A wild gorge
with light-grey steep rock faces and extensive forests. It has
been a protected area since 1977 and houses endangered
habitats for many animal and plant species. Rare bird species
breed in the riparian forest and even orchids can be found in this
small paradise. The observation deck “Il Spir” by Conn and the
turquoise-green Lake Cauma are highlights of this hike.
Laax Staderas is the starting point for the circular hike. A well-
established hiking trail goes from here to the Tuleritgsee and
continues down to the Lake Cauma with its idyllic turquoise-green
bays, perfect for bathing and soaking up the sun.
Lodging / Food
Restaurant Conn und Holzerheim; www.conn.ch
Restaurant Caumasee; www.caumasee.ch
Surselva Bräu Flims; www.surselva-bier.ch
Route: Laax Staderas – Lake Cauma – Conn – Laax Staderas
3 h Lake Cauma
30
9,1 km 380 m 380 m
The meditating boulders in the Rhinegorge
Those who walk attentively through the Rhinegorge will find
smaller and larger boulders scattered around, which are
balanced in stoic silence on rock ledges and rocky points, as if
they were meditating.
One might think that they would tumble down in the next few
days. Far from it! Look for a boulder, take a photo and return
the following year. It will still be there!
Fotos M. Weid-mann
It looks like gravity has no effect on the boulders.
A section of the monumental Rhinegorge. The meditating boulders are
found in rock walls like these.
31
Geo excursion tips
Landesplattenberg, Engi
The Landesplattenberg excites! Be it for a concert in a special
atmosphere or looking for traces of forgotten times inside the
mountain. During one of the numerous guided tours (public or
for groups), it is possible to learn about the important geological
history of the Plattenberg and the hard and strenuous working
conditions of the slate workers.
www.landesplattenberg.ch
Visitor Center Glarnerland, Elm und Glarus
Geology becomes tangible in the Glarnerland visitors’ centre!
Geological phenomena are explained in an interesting and easy
to understand way. The exhibitions in Elm and Glarus are a
journey of discovery through nature and explain how mountains and valleys were formed. Appealing platforms provide
fascinating information and carry you into the impressive world
of the World Heritage Site Sardona.
www.besucherzentren.unesco-sardona.ch
GeoGallery Flumserberg (new for Summer 2015)
The starting point of the Maschgen ridge (3.8 km) at over
2000 m is suitable for strollers (pushchairs) and in part for
wheelchairs. Geological phenomena can be experienced firsthand on the new thematic pathway arranged like an art gallery:
fossilisation and erosion phenomena can be seen and touched
at 15 different interactive stations.
www.flumserberg.ch
GeoGallery Flumserberg
32
The exhibition pavilion at the village
exit of Engi is the meeting point for
guided tours. 200 meters in altitude
have to be climbed on foot to reach
the tunnel entrance. Transport can
be organised if requested for an additional cost. Food is available on
location in the cosy Platten hut.
Both sites are easily reached by
public transport and parking spaces
are available close-by. Fascinating
and educational guided tours by
trained GeoGuides are available in
Elm upon request.
The cable car from Flumserberg
Tannenboden takes you to the Geo
Gallery. The eight-person chairlift
and the Prodalpexpress take you
back to Flumserberg Tannenheim.
You can stop for a bite to eat at the
mountain restaurants Maschgenkamm, Maschgenlügge, Prodkamm
and Prodalp
33
Geo excursion tips
Panorama hike Pizol
The starting point of the 4 km long and easy circular hike is
either the Pizol hut (coming from Wangs) or the mountain

restaurant Laufboden (coming from Bad Ragaz). During the walk
a fantastic panoramic view of the surrounding mountains and
the St.Gallen Rhine Valley is revealed. During clear weather
conditions the view reaches all the way to Lake Constance.
www.pizol.com
Observation deck Conn, Flims
The observation deck “Il Spir” (Romansh for: the swift) is
located only minutes away from Conn. It offers a unique 180
degree view of the Rhine Gorge or Ruinaulta, as the gorge is
called by the local Romansh. The deck, which is accessible all
year round, was designed by architect Corinna Menn from Chur
and inaugurated in 2006.
www.conn.ch
Alp Nagens
Alp Nagens at 2120 m is the ideal starting point for several enjoyable high-altitude tours in the region of Nagens-Grauberg. It also
is an especially good place to marvel at and experience the
UNESCO World Heritage Site “Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona”.
www.flims.com
Glacial mill, Bargis high valley
34
From Matells (Bad Ragaz) or Wangs
there are cable cars and chairlifts,
which take you to the panoramic
ridge at 2227 m. The Pizol Hütte
and the mountain restaurant Laufböden offer a range of refreshments.
Several different hiking trails lead to
the observation deck. The easiest
way to reach it is from Flims, where
a hiking path suitable for strollers/
pushchairs leads to the platform in
45 minutes. There is also a horsedrawn carriage from Flims Waldhaus
to the inviting restaurant Conn.
The easiest way to reach Alp Nagens
is to take the Nagens shuttle from
Laax mountain lifts. This shuttle
also transports mountain bikes. The
restaurant Stalla provides local
specialities and invites hikers and

bikers to have a rest and enjoy the
view.
35
GeoPhenomena
Kärpfbrücke
The Kärpfbrücke is a natural footbridge and one of the most
spectacular geological phenomena along the Glarus Thrust.
The Niederenbach dug its underground course along the
border between the limestone and the underlying flysch rock.
If the water is low it is possible to walk – at your own risk –
through the underground stream which is around 50m long
and 3 – 4 m high. The Kärpfbrücke lies within the Freiberg
Kärpf, the oldest nature/wildlife reserve in Europe.
Lochsite
The Lochsite is probably the most famous geological outcrop
of Switzerland. This “geological pilgrimage site” is a must-visit
for nature-lovers, because there is no other place in the world
where the formation of mountains is demonstrated more
clearly: The border between the 250 – 300 million year old
Verrucano rock and the 35 – 50 million year old flysch rock is
clearly visible and can be observed and even touched.
Fundamental knowledge concerning the formation of the Alps
has been won here since the 19th century.
Seerenbachfälle / Rinspring
With a height of almost 600 m the Seerenbachfalls are among
the highest waterfalls in Europe. At the same time the middle
step, with a falling height of 305 m, is one of the highest free
falling waterfalls in Switzerland. The observation deck next to
the Rinspring above Betlis offer great insights into the gigantic
water spectacle. The Rinspring itself is fed by an enormous
cave system inside the Churfirsten.
Tschingelhörner with Martin’s Hole
36
The Kärpfbrücke is reached by
taking the cable car Kies-Mettmen,
above Schwanden. From here a
picturesque 6 km circular hike leads
to the Garichti reservoir and the
Kärpfbrücke. Several picnic areas
and the newly established mountain
hotel Mettmen (from summer 2016)
are inviting places to take a break.
The Lochsite can be reached on foot
from Schwanden railway station in
just 15 minutes. From the car park
next to the spectacular arched footbridge it only takes 2 minutes.
Trained Sardona GeoGuides and
geologists offer interesting guided

tours upon request.
The easiest way to reach the Seerenbachfalls and the Rinspriing is a
Lake Walen boat cruise or a 1 h walk
from Weesen. It takes 30 mins from
the landing in Betlis to the bottom of
the falls. The restaurants Burg
Strahlegg and Paradiesli are inviting
places for a break.
37
GeoPhenomena
Tamina gorge with hot springs
The entry to the mythical Tamina gorge is only metres away
from the old Bad Pfäfers – The oldest baroque baths of
Switzerland. Today the entire area is protected as a nationally
important landscape and natural monument. For those
interested in history, there is a museum of the monastery and
baths with changing exhibitions. The natural thermal spring,
which feeds the hot baths in Bad Ragaz, is accessible.
Alp Mora glacial mills
In the stream of the Val Maliens above the Alp Mora there is a
whole series of water-filled glacial mills, linked together like a
pearl necklace. The vessel-shaped hollows, with diameters
ranging from a few decimetres to several metres, are usually
filled with crystal-clear water, and some of them also contain
pebbles. Watching the water trickle like a cascade from one
hollow to the next is a real wonder of nature. These, often hipdeep and sometimes several metres wide, water basins were
not only formed by glaciers. Pebbles and sand in the water
slowly and steadily eat away the rock.
Flims Rockslide
The Flims Rockslide happened around 10,000 years ago. With
its volume of 9 – 12 cubic kilometres, it is the largest rockslide
event in the Alps. The dammed water of the Rhine formed a
huge lake, which extended further than Ilanz. Since then the
Rhine has dug its way deep into the rockslide mass forming the
picturesque Rhine Gorge – Ruinaulta.
The Flims region with the Flimserstein and the Bargis high valley
38
The easiest way to reach the Tamina
gorge is from Bad Ragaz. Those who
do not want to walk through the
gorge for 45 minutes can take the
postbus or the horse carriage. There
is a kiosk as well as a restaurant in
the old Pfäfers bath, which is a nice
place to relax.
The easiest way to reach Alp Mora is
with your own car from Trin – requiring a permit. It takes around 30 minutes to reach the glacial mills on foot
from the carpark. A 5 – 6 h hike from
Bargis to Trin takes you past the Alp
Mora glacial mills (5 – 6 hours).
There are no catering facilities on
location.
From the Cassons Ridge you have an
excellent view of the Flims Rockslide. The nearby restaurant is very
inviting to take a break and enjoy the
view. The view of the Flimserstein
and the rockslide is spectacular
from the via ferrata “Pinut”, which
starts in the mountain village Fidaz.
39
GeoInside
Geopark Sardona
The Geopark Sardona was founded in 1999 in Sarganserland
and Glarnerland as a regional development project within the
cantons of St.Gallen and Glarus. Later the perimeter region of
Surselva was added and with it the third canton: Graubünden.
Subsequently, the Geopark Sardona association worked towards
the candidature of the central area to become a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, which led to its inclusion on the list of Natural
World Heritage Sites in 2008. Since then the Geopark Sardona,
the GeoSites, the GeoGuides and the World Heritage Site have
complemented each other excellently. www.geopark.ch
GeoGuides
The GeoGuides know all about the highlights of the World
Heritage Site and the Geopark as well as insider tips and local
hidden secrets. They combine their training as Geoguides with
knowledge on nature and culture, legends and local history.
With this background GeoGuides lead guests on interesting
and diverse excursions through the Geopark and the World
Heritage Site. The GeoGuides offer their services as independent tour guides or via tourist organisations and other tour operators.
GeoStätten
The GeoSites form the original foundation for tourist activities
around the Geopark Sardona and the World Heritage Site. There
are a number of well-frequented tourist mines, fascinating Geotopes, informative Geo and adventure trails, museums, research
sites, special Geo-Offers such as the GeoShip or the World
Heritage Trail. There are also stone extraction and processing
facilities which can be visited. The development of GeoSites is
ongoing and new GeoSites are continuously being added.
Gipsgrat
40
41
Destinations
Elm holiday region
The Elm holiday region lies at the heart of the UNESCO World
Heritage Tectonic Arena Sardona. Here nature can be discovered
far away from noise and stress on more than 370 hiking and
mountain trails. The four mountain lifts comfortably take you to
the Mettmen-Alp – which is the oldest wildlife preservation area
in Europe; the sun terrace of the Weissen mountains or the wild
and romantic Tschinglenalp below Martin’s Hole. On the
Ampächli above Elm, big scooters and mountain carts provided
by the sport resort lifts make for swift descents.
www.elm.ch
Holiday region Heidiland
The Lake Walen, the Churfirsten, remote side valleys, the vineyards of the Bündner Herrschaft and, above all else, the Heidi
Myth – lie in store for the visitors of the holiday region Heidiland. Families dive into the world of the world-famous character at the original location. Hikers, mountain bikers and skiers
are offered great all year round activities in the two summer
and winter sport resorts Flumserberg and Pizol. And, the
world-famous health resort Bad Ragaz entices with its healing
thermal water.
www.heidiland.com
Flims
Experience more summer. Flims embodies adventures and
experiences surrounded by an impressive mountain arena. The
Flims Rockslide not only formed the sunny plateau, but also
the wild Rhine Gorge with its steep, white rock faces and the
untamed river. Hiking through Natural World Heritage, refreshing bathing lakes like the Lake Cauma or fascinating adventures on the historic via ferrata “iron road Pinut” – everyone
can experience an unforgettable summer adventure in Flims.
www.flims.com
Chli Güseln, Flumserberg
42
Tip
The two UNESCO-Visitor centres in
Elm and Glarus take you on a journey
of discovery about everything to do
with the formation of the Alps. Here
you find out about the magic line of
the Glarus Thrust and how old rock
came to lie above young rock
Tip
In the holiday region Heidiland
guests are spoilt for choice between
four different culinary hikes at
Flumserberg and Pizol. Apart from
lift tickets and culinary delicacies
visitors enjoy the magnificent panoramic views of the mountains as a
free dessert.
Tip
The view from the Cassons ridge is
breathtaking. The line of the Glarus
Thrust can be seen very clearly from
here. Every Sunday from July to
October a GeoGuide provides insight
into the formation of the Alps on a
short walking tour.
43
The Sardona World Heritage Trail
On the 84 km long Sardona World Heritage Trail you experience
the UNESCO World Heritage Tectonic Arena Sardona up close.
Nowhere else in the world are the phenomena of mountain building
as apparent as in the border regions of the cantons St.Gallen,
Glarus and Grisons (Graubünden).
The central element is the Glarus Thrust: a magical, easily
visible straight line. Over the course of millions of years during
the formation of the Alps, old rock has been pushed onto
younger rock along this line. Erosion by the elements has exposed these unique structures which are witnesses of these
processes on the earth’s surface. Nowhere else in the world are
they as visible as here, in the untouched landscapes of the
Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona.
The landscape in this World Heritage site has a wealth of natural treasures. The high density of mire landscapes, alluvial
planes, conservation areas and geotopes of national importance form a valuable habitat for many animals including
ibexes and bearded vultures. Furthermore many mountain villages still contain traces of the Walser people to this day.
For those with a special interest in geology there is an accompanying brochure by David Imper with information concerning
geology and natural history – order at: www.geopark.ch.
Distance Profile
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3000 m
2000 m
1000 m
0
Route: Filzbach 1 – Murg lakes 2 – Spitzmeilenhütte SAC 3 – Weisstannen 4 – Sardonahütte SAC 5 – Elm 6 – Flims 7
6 days 84 km 7315 m 6951 m
Filzbach – Murgseehütte
The first part of this stage follows the GeoPhenomena Trail
(GeoPhänomene-Weg), which has information boards explaining
geological phenomena. Highlights include the Helloch Doline, the
trail along the base of the Mürschenstock as well as crystal clear
mountain lakes.
Murgseehütte – Spitzmeilenhütte SAC
The second stage goes from the Murg lakes landscape, shaped by
glaciers, to the grassy slopes of the Mülibachtal in Glarus and ends
at the Spitzmeilen hut (Swiss Alpine Club) which has wonderful
panoramic views of the impressive Churfirsten and the Alvier Group.
Spitzmeilenhütte SAC – Weisstannen
The strenuous third stage leads through the colourful mountain
landscape of the Fans plateau down to Weisstannen. Wonderful
views await from different lookouts. The view over the Chammseeli
of the surrounding mountain peaks is especially fascinating.
Weisstannen – Sardonahütte SAC
The fourth stage goes from the former Walser settlement through
the wild Lavtina Valley to the impressive waterfall arena close to
Batöni. From here you tackle the strenuous ascent to the Heidelpass, from where there are remarkable views of the Glarus Thrust
below the Ringelspitz and the Piz Sardona all the way to the end
of this stage.
Sardonahütte SAC – Elm
After the overnight stay in the middle of the Natural World Heritage,
the fifth stage leads through untouched mountain landscapes to
the Foopass. Accompanied by the Glarus Thrust on the Foostock
and the Piz Sardona. With gorgeous panoramic views of parts of
Glarus you descend to Elm.
Elm – Flims
After Elm, the Wakker Prize village, the Tschingelhörner with
Martin’s Hole close-by fascinate during the sixth stage, which
leads over the Pass dil Segnas. During the descent to Flims the
landscape changes from a flood and mire landscape on the
Segnasboden to a landscape shaped by the Flims Rockslide, the
largest rockslide of the Alps.
Pictures
Elm Ferienregion, Heidiland Tourismus,
Destination Flims Laax Falera, IG Tektonikarena Sardona,
Gemeinde Glarus Nord, Spitzmeilenhütte SAC,
Luftseilbahn Elm, Eisenbergwerk Gonzen, Patric Collet
Switzerland
Basel
Zürich
Bern
Chur
Genf
Contact
IG Tektonikarena Sardona
Tel. +41 (0)81 723 49 20
[email protected], www.unesco-sardona.ch
Elm Ferienregion
Tel. +41 (0)55 642 52 52
[email protected], www.elm.ch
Heidiland Tourismus
Tel.+41 (0)81 720 08 20
[email protected], www.heidiland.com
Flims Laax Falera
Tel. +41 (0)81 920 92 00
[email protected], www.flims.com
www.unesco-sardona.ch