CURSO REGULAR PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO

Transcrição

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – CURSO REGULAR
PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO
AULA 13
Text 1: Halloween
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10
15
20
25
30
35
40
On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes knock on their
neighbors' doors and yell, "Trick or Treat" when the door opens. Pirates
and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open
to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. As they
give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to
guess who is under the masks.
Since the 800's November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints'
Day. The Mass that was said on this day was called All Hallowmas. The
evening before became known as All Hallow e'en, or Halloween. Like some
other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and
Christian customs.
October 31st was the eve of the Celtic new year. The Celts were the
ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day
ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The
townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up
and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would
leave peacefully before midnight of the new year the people carried the
food to the edge of town and left it for them.
Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland and October 31
was no longer the last day of the year, Halloween became a celebration
mostly for children. "Ghosts" went from door to door asking for treats, or
else a trick would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of
Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s the tradition
came with them.
Today school dances and neighborhood parties called "block parties" are
popular among young and old alike. More and more adults celebrate
Halloween. They dress up like historical or political figures and go to
masquerade parties. In larger cities, costumed children and their parents
gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give
parties with games and treats for the children. Teenagers enjoy costume
dances at their schools and the more outrageous the costume the better!
Certain pranks such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage
cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that
Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine
for needy children around the world.
At Halloween parties children play traditional games. One of the most
popular is called pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey: One child is blindfolded and
spun slowly so that he or she will become dizzy. Then the child must find
a paper donkey hanging on the wall and try to pin a tail onto the back.
Another game is bobbing for apples. One child at a time has to get apples
from a tub of water without using hands! How? By sinking his or her face
into the water and biting the apple!
(From Celebrate! Holidays in the USA)
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
1
VOCABULARY PRE-TEST
Sem consultar nenhum dicionário procure correlacionar as colunas A & B:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
children dressed in costumes
give each child a treat
mingled with the living
resemble the souls of the dead
the edge of town
a. (
b. (
c. (
d. (
e. (
B
) dar um doce a cada criança
) misturar-se aos vivos
) parecer c/ a alma dos mortos
) o limite da cidade
) crianças fantasiadas
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
Write (T) in parentheses if you think it’s true or (F) if you think it’s
false:
1. On Halloween, as a rule, adults are ready to give the children some
treats. ( )
T: __________________________________________________
2. The Celts believed that ghosts walked and mingled with the living on
earth on October 31st. ( )
T: __________________________________________________
3. The millions of immigrants who came to the United States in the 18th
century brought the Halloween tradition with them. ( )
T: __________________________________________________
4. Today only the children take part in the Halloween celebration in the
US. ( )
T: __________________________________________________
5. Some Halloweeners enjoy collecting money to buy food and medicine
for needy children around the world. ( )
T: __________________________________________________
2
GRAMMAR TIPS: PASSIVE VOICE
From text 1:
“The Mass that was said on this day was called All Hallowmas.” (L-8)
A missa que era rezada neste dia era chamada de All Hallowmas.
“ or else a trick would be played on the owners of the house” (L-22)
do contrário uma peça seria pregada nos donos da casa.
“Certain pranks such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage
cans are expected” (L-33/34)
Algumas travessuras tais como ensaboar as janelas dos carros e derrubas
latas de lixo são esperadas.
“One child is blindfolded and spun slowly so that he or she will become
dizzy” (L-38/39)
Uma criança é vendada é obrigada a girar até que fique tonta.
“One of the most popular is called pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey” (L37/38)
Uma das mais populares é chamada de prender o rabo no burro.
Resolvi aproveitar os vários exemplos de passive voice neste texto
para apresentar o summary sobre este assunto que vimos estudando
esporadicamente. Como de costume exercícios serão propostos no final
desta aula.
Na formação da passive voice há uma regra de ouro – a golden rule
- para a maioria dos casos: o verbo to be fica no mesmo tempo do verbo
principal na voz ativa plus particípio passado do verbo principal.
Main verb in bold in the Present Simple
AV: They speak English in that country.
Falam inglês naquele país.
PV: English is spoken in that country.
O inglês é falado naquele país.
Main verb inbold in the Present Continuous
AV: They are building a new school there.
Estão construindo uma nova escola lá.
PV: A new school is being built on my school.
Uma nova escola está sendo construída lá.
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Main verb in bold in the Past Simple
AV: The hurricane destroyed the village.
O furacão destruiu a aldeia.
PV: The village was destroyed by the hurricane.
A aldeia foi destruída pelo furacão.
AV:
PV:
Main verb in the Past Continuous
Thieves were robbing the bank.
Ladrões estavam roubando o banco.
The bank was being robbed by thieves.
O banco estava sendo roubado pelos ladrões.
Main verb in bold in the Future Simple
AV: We will send you the receipt by mail.
Enviaremos o recibo para você por correspondência.
PV: The receipt will be sent to you by mail.
O recibo será enviado para você por correspondência.
N.B: ‘You will be sent the receipt by mail’ is also possible here.
Main verb in bold in the Present Perfect Simple
AV: I have done the translation already.
Já fiz a tradução.
PV: The translation has been done already.
A tradução já foi feita.
Modal verb + infinitive of main verb
AV: You must do your homework immediately.
Você tem que fazer seu dever de casa imediatamente.
PV: Your homework must be done immediately.
Seu dever de casa deve ser feito imediatamente.
Com exceção de alguns casos especiais (verbos com dupla formação,
por exemplo) é possível buscar facilmente o equivalente em português
para uma estrutura na voz passiva. Faça os exercícios na seção
correspondente a este tópico no final desta.
4
VOCABULARY BUILD UP
KEY WORD: PLAY
From text 1:
"Ghosts" went from door to door asking for treats, or else a trick would be
played on the owners of the house” (L-21/22)
“Fantasmas’ iam de porta em porta pedindo doces, do contrário uma
travessura seria armada contra os donos da casa.
“At Halloween parties children play traditional games” (L- 36)
Nas festas de Halloween as crianças participam de brincadeiras
tradicionais
A palavra ‘play’ tanto pode ser verbo regular quanto substantivo.
Which play did you see?
A que peça vocês assistiram?
Will you stop playing lawyer with me?
Dá para parar de bancar o advogado comigo?
John plays the violin well.
John toca o violino bem.
What role did she play?
Que papel ela interpretou?
Ted plays snooker quite well.
Ted joga sinuca bastante bem.
There’s a lot of play in the steering wheel of the car.
Há muita folga no volante do carro.
Is he playing for time?
Ele está tentando ganhar tempo?
What’s playing at the Odeon?
O que está passando no Odeon?
Do you see those kids at play?
Vê aquelas crianças brincando?
This time he says he’s playing for keeps.
Desta vez ele garante que é para valer.
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CONFUSABLE WORDS / PHRASES
From text 1:
“ … dozens of children dressed in costumes knock on their neighbors'
doors and yell,…” (L-1/2)
dúzias de crianças vestidas com fantasias batem à porta dos vizinhos e
gritam …
“When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States…” (L22/23)
Quando milhões de irlandeses imigraram para os EUA
Cabe aqui distinguir entre o uso de dozens of + noun & a dozenn +
noun. Observe estes exemplos:
Martha went to the grocer’s and bought a dozen oranges.
Martha foi ao armazém e comprou uma dúzia de laranjas.
Dozens of apples were rotten the last time we bought there.
Dúzias de maçãs estavam estragadas da última vez que compramos ali.
I’ve told you a dozen times to keep quiet.
Já mandei vocês ficarem quietos uma dúzia de vezes.
The horrible accident claimed the lives of dozens of people.
O acidente horrível tirou a vida de dúzias de pessoas.
Da mesma forma você usará: a hundred of + noun, hundreds of +
noun. a million of + noun, millions of + noun, a billion of + noun,
billions of + noun.
Hundreds of soldiers lost their lives in that bloody war.
Centenas de soldados perderam a vida naquela guerra sangrenta.
Millions of copies of his latest CD were sold.
Milhões de cópias do seu mais recente CD foram vendidas.
Billions of dollars were spent on the country’s space project.
Bilhões de dólares foram gastos no programa espacial do país.
How are you going to pay for that painting? It costs a million dollars.
Como você vai pagar pelo quadro? Ele custa um milhão de dólares.
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PHRASAL VERBS
From text 1:
As they give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes
and try to guess who is under the masks. (L-4/6)
Quando dão a cada criança um doce os vizinhos fazem exclamações
sobre as fantasias e tentam adivinhar quem está por trás das máscaras.
Usamos o verbo to give, gave given (= dar) como modelo da
conjugação de um verbo irregular em inglês durante várias aulas. Agora,
vamos começar com o estudo sistemático dos phrasal verbs que, como
dissemos en passant, são aqueles que vinculados a partículas adverbiais
(up, away, about, for, etc) assumem um significado diverso da acepção
básica.
Estude estes exemplos com give:
I give up! I’ll never learn German.
Desisto! Nunca aprenderei alemão.
Those shoes give off an unpleasant smell.
Aqueles sapatos exalam um cheiro desagradável.
They’ll never give in to your threats.
Eles jamais vão se render as suas ameaças.
I’m not lending these books, I’m giving them away.
Não estou emprestando estes livros; eu os estou doando.
Remain seated. Mary will give out copies of the leaflet.
Permaneçam sentados. A Mary distribuirá cópias dos livretos.
Would you mind going to the library with me first? I have to give back
these books.
Você se importaria de passar na biblioteca comigo primeiro? Tenho que
devolver estes livros.
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Text 2: Symbols of Halloween
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10
15
20
Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits.
Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins and
skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular
trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows.
Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because
Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before
October 31, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with
silhouettes of witches and black cats.
Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orangecolored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween
color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o' lanterns is a Halloween custom also
dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who
was so stingy that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because
he was a miser. He couldn't enter hell either because he had played jokes
on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until
Judgment Day. The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips, beets
or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o' lantern. When
the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on
pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips.
Today jack-o'-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let
costumed children know that there are goodies waiting if they knock and
say "Trick or Treat!" (From Celebrate! Holidays in the USA)
Visit: http://www.usemb.se/Holidays/celebrate/labor.html
VOCABULARY PRE-TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
connected with evil spirits
flying on broomsticks
carving pumpkins
a legend grew up
played jokes on the devil.
a. (
b. (
c. (
d. (
e. (
B
) pregou peças no diabo
) cortando abóboras
) uma lenda se fortaleceu
) voando em vassouras
) ligada a maus espíritos
8
WORD FORMS
Complete the sentences with the most appropriate word of the
‘family’;
1. tradition / traditionally / traditional
Halloween has become one of the most _________ festivities in the USA.
T: _______________________________________________________
2. scaring / scary / scared
The Irish people carved ________ faces out of turnips, beets or potatoes.
T: _______________________________________________________
3. popularity / popular / unpopular
Over the years Halloween celebrations have grown in ______________.
T: _______________________________________________________
4. evolution / evolving / evolved
There are many items mentioned in this text that _________________ as
symbols of Halloween.
T: _______________________________________________________
5. symbolic / symbols / symbolize
Besides pumpkins there are also other things that ____________
Halloween.
T: _______________________________________________________
6. origin/ originally / originated
Evil spirits were ____________ connected with Halloween celebration.
T: _______________________________________________________
7. enter / entering / entered / entrance
It was hard to get to the ___________ of the new building.
T: _______________________________________________________
8. representative / representing / represented
Archeologists have found artifacts which were ____________ of ancient
civilizations’ culture.
T: _______________________________________________________
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DISCOURSE MARKERS (II)
From text 2:
“As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgment
Day.” (L-15 / 16)
Em conseqüência, Jack teve que caminhar pela terra até o dia do Juízo
Final.
Vamos nos concentrar nos discourse markers que indicam resultado /
conseqüência. Também eles variam na maneira conforme são usados na
frase, mas guardam identidade semântica.
Indicando resultado / conseqüência
SO, accordingly, as a result, because of this, consequently, naturally, on
this account, hence, for this reason, therefore, thus …
Estude alguns exemplos.
I gave my son instructions on how to get to the airport and he acted
accordingly.
Dei instruções ao meu filho de como chegar até o aeroporto e assim ele o
fez.
Veronica was very tired so she went to bed early tonight.
Verônica esta muito cansada; portanto foi se deitar cedo esta noite.
I know it’s not easy to understand this dialog, therefore let me play tape
one more time.
Sei que não é fácil entender estes diálogos, por conseguinte deixe-me
tocar a fita uma vez mais.
She used to work 60 hours a week. Naturally there was not much time
left for her family.
Ela costumava trabalhar 60 horas por semana. Naturalmente, não
sobrava muito tempo para sua família.
The company has been operating in the red for months, because of this
we will have to fire a number of employees.
A empresa vem operando com prejuízo há meses, por causa disso,
teremos que demitir vários empregados.
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Text 3: Scary Stories
No Halloween party is complete without at least one scary story. Usually
one person talks in a low voice while everyone else crowds together on
the floor or around a fire. The following is a retelling of a tale told in
Britain and in North Carolina and Virginia.
"What Do You Come For?"
There was an old woman who lived all by herself, and she was very
lonely. Sitting in the kitchen one night, she said, "Oh, I wish I had some
company."
No sooner had she spoken than down the chimney tumbled two feet
from which the flesh had rotted. The old woman's eyes bulged with terror.
Then two legs dropped to the earth and attached themselves to the feet.
Then a body tumbled down, then two arms, and a man's head.
As the old woman watched, the parts came together into a great, tall
man. The man danced around and around the room. Faster and faster he
went. Then he stopped, and he looked into her eyes.
"What do you come for?, she asked in a small voice that shivered and
shook.
"What do I come for?" he said. "I come for YOU!"
The narrator shouts and jumps at the person near him!
(From Celebrate! Holidays in the USA)
Visit: http://www.usemb.se/Holidays/celebrate/labor.html
VOCABULARY PRE-TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
lived all by herself
tumbled two feet
the flesh had rotted
eyes bulged with terror.
the parts came together
a small voice that shivered
a. (
b. (
c. (
d. (
e. (
f. (
B
) as partes se juntaram
) olhos esbugalhados de terror
) morava sozinha
) a pele havia apodrecido
) uma voz fraca e trêmula
) dois pés despencaram
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GRAMMAR TIPS: WISH / IF ONLY
From text 3:
"Oh, I wish (that) I had some company."
“Oh, eu desejaria ter companhia.”
The verb wish + ‘that’ clauses may be used to express contrary-tofact situations. You will notice that the conjunction “that” is often
omitted.
O verbo ‘wish’ seguido da conjunção ‘that’ deve ser usado para
expressar situações hipotéticas. Observe que ‘that’ pode ser omitido.
One must distinguish between:
É preciso distinguir entre:
a) wish (+to+ infinitive/+object)
Who wishes to talk to me at such a late hour?
Quem deseja falar comigo a estas horas?
Your son has just called to wish you a good trip, Mr. Phelps.
Seu filho acabou de ligar para desejar-lhe uma boa viagem, Sr. Phelps.
b) wish + (that) clause
b.1) reference to the present
I wish I could lend you the money you need, Sandra.
Gostaria que eu pudesse emprestar-lhe o dinheiro de que você precisa,
Sandra.
Martha wishes her husband were here.
Martha gostaria que seu marido estivesse aqui.
b.2) reference to the future
Tomorrow is the great game! How I wish it would stop raining.
Amanhã é o grande jogo! Como eu gostaria que parasse de chover.
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b.3) reference to the past
William wishes he had been at the play-off games.
William gostaria de ter estado nos jogos finais.
Sonia wishes she had studied Psychology at the university.
Sonia gostaria de ter estudado psicologia na universidade.
IF ONLY
If only can be used in the same way as the verb “wish”. It can be used
to emphasize hypothetical situations.
“If only” pode ser usada da mesma maneira que o verbo ‘wish’. Pode
ser usado para enfatizar situações hipotéticas.
If only I could lend you the money you need, Sandra.
Se ao menos eu pudesse emprestar-lhe o dinheiro de que você precisa,
Sandra.
If only it would stop raining!
Se pelo menos parasse de chover.
If only she had studied Psychology at the university.
Se pelo menos ela tivesse estudado psicologia na faculdade.
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VOCABULARY BUILD UP
Complete the mini-texts with the words from the boxes.
Mini-text 1: Halloween Treats - Dried Pumpkin Seeds
slightly
carving
melted
bake
pulp
After ________ (1) your pumpkin, separate the _________ (2)
from the seeds. Rinse the seeds and spread them out to dry. The next
day, add enough ________ (3) butter or margarine to coat each seed.
Spread the seeds onto a cookie sheet and _________ (4) for 20
minutes in a 300 degree oven for 20 minutes or until they are ________
(5) brown. (From Celebrate! Holidays in the USA)
Mini-text 2: Halloween Treats: Caramel Apples
wrapping
boiling
melt
stick
dip
Take the paper _________ (1) off about 100 caramels and put them in
a saucepan. Put the saucepan over a pan of ________ (2) water. Boil
the water until the caramels _________ (3). Put a wooden ________
(4) into the top of each apple, ________ (5) the apple into the
caramel. Let them cool on wax paper and enjoy! (From Celebrate!
Holidays in the USA)
Mini-text 3: Halloween Treats: Popcorn Balls
thoroughly
heat
sticky
greased
mixture
Combine 1/2 cup of corn syrup, a teaspoon of vinegar and 1/2 teaspoon
of salt in a saucepan. ________ (1) to 250 degrees Fahrenheit, or until
a small spoonful of the __________(2) forms a hard ball when dropped
into water. Remove from heat and add 1 teaspoon of vanilla. Put warm
popped corn in a large _________ (3) bowl. Slowly pour the syrup over
the popcorn, tossing with a greased fork until mixed _________ (4). Be
careful, it's hot! When it's cool enough to handle, butter your hands and
shape popped corn into 3-inch balls. Place on waxed paper until cool and
no longer _________ (5), then wrap in. (From Celebrate! Holidays in
the USA)
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FLASHBACK
Mini-text 4: Aspirin is a drug
prescribed
dietary
harmful
bleeding
current
If you are at risk for heart attack or stroke your doctor may prescribe
aspirin to increase blood flow to the heart and brain. But any drug including aspirin - can have __________ (1) side effects, especially
when mixed with other products. In fact, the chance of side effects
increase with each new product you use.
New products include prescription and other over-the-counter
medicines; __________ (2) supplement (including vitamins. and
herbals) and sometimes foods and beverages. For instance, people who
already use __________ (3) medication to thin the blood should not
use aspirin unless recommended by a health professional. There are also
dietary supplements known to thin the blood. Using aspirin with alcohol or
with another product that also contains aspirin such as cough-sinus drug
can increase the chance of side effects.
Your health professional will consider your __________ (4) state of
health. Some medical conditions, such as pregnancy, uncontrolled high
blood pressure, ___________ (5) disorders, asthma, peptic (stomach)
ulcers, liver and kidney disease could make aspirin a bad choice for you.
http://www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo/dailyaspirin
15
PICTURE TEST 13
Maybe an old wicked witch cast a spell [a) in /
b) on] that poor ugly woman!
USEFUL TIPS
Apresentei nesta aula o grupo dos discourse markers que expressam
resultado ou conseqüência e nas aulas subsequentes apresentaremos
outros expressando condição, ênfase, adição etc. Parece-me fundamental
enfatizar que de nada adiantará você decorar esta lista de palavras. Quer
me parecer que o processo mais lógico é você vir dos seus textos
extraídos de revistas, jornais, de provas anteriores, whatever, e
confrontar com essa listagem. It makes all the difference in the
world!
16
TEST YOURSELF
Halloween
5
10
15
20
25
Halloween, or All Hallows’ Eve, comes on October 31. It is one of the
most cherished holidays in America, particularly fun for the little kids who
go from house to house around the neighborhood ringing doorbells and
shouting: “Trick or treat?” Adults are often ready to treat them with lots
of candy, cookies or fruit. Some of the mischievous tricks, when they
happen, are misplaced garden tools, hidden doormats, soaped windows or
toilet paper trimming up the branches of trees. Occasionally eggs may be
thrown at front porches, but, as a rule, the children’s tricks are not
serious. In ET. - the Extra Terrestrial, Stephen Spielberg’s box-office hit,
people all over the world had a glimpse of how the Halloween tradition is
observed in the U.S. when Elliot and his brother took a ghost-like ET out
on the street where he got in contact with other witches, skeletons and
monsters.
From the church’s viewpoint it is the vigil of All Saints’ Day. Since
medieval times, old customs and superstitions about ghost-haunted
houses, goblins, witches, elves and the souls of the dead, all have
attached themselves to this evening.
England and Ireland, among other countries, also observe the
Halloween tradition. In the latter there is a tale about the origin of Jacko’-lanterns - the famous candle-lit lanterns made of hollowed-out
pumpkins. A very stingy man, named Jack, was forbidden to enter
heaven. Used to playing jokes on the devil, Jack was punished to walk the
earth with his lantern until Judgment Day.
People say the costumes worn by the kids are for the ghosts. As to the
candy or cookies, however, nobody knows exactly how they became part
of the Halloween tradition. (Adapted from various sources)
Reading Comprehension Questions
Choose the best option
1. We learn from the passage that ...
a) the Jack-o’- lanterns originated in England.
b) Jack was punished by God to walk the Earth with a lantern.
c) Jack-o’-lanterns are made of hollowed-out pumpkins.
d) the costumes worn by the kids originated in Ireland.
17
2. You can say that all the following statements are true, except for ...
a) ET. The Extra Terrestrial was a box-office hit under the influence of the
Halloween tradition.
b) people cannot account for the origin of candy or cookies attached to
the Halloween Tradition
c) Halloween stands for the Eve of All Saints’ Day.
d) families most likely prepare in advance to treat the neighborhood little
kids.
3. One of the options does not attach itself to the Halloween tradition ...
a) ghost-haunted houses.
b) the souls of the dead.
c) witches and jack-o’-lanterns.
d) fairy tales and lucky charms.
4. After reading the passage you may infer that ...
a) only little kids rave about Halloween.
b) superstitious people maintain the old customs associated with
Halloween celebrations.
c) nowhere else is Halloween celebrated as in the U.S.
d)smashed window panes and broken gates hardly ever occur as
Halloween tricks.
5. You have probably been the victim of a kid’s trick if, on the day after
Halloween, you just can’t find your ...
a) jack.
b) shovel.
c) glasses.
d) fan.
6. In the fragment “In the latter there is a tale about the origin of Jacko’-lanterns” (L-19/20) the word in bold refers to
a) England
b) Halloween
c) Ireland
d) Other countries
18
EXERCISES
I. Choose the best dialogue completion:
1. “Did you visit the Vatican when you were in Italy?”
“No, I didn’t. But now I wish I _______________”
a) had
b) would
c) might
d) were
2. “What surprised you most, Derrick?”
“The fact that the little girl talked as if _______________”.
a) to know myself
b) knowing who I was
c) to know ourselves
d) she knew me
3. “Why did you leave Aunt Ruth’s room?”
“She said she wished ________________ alone.”
a) to leave
b) she were
c) to be
d) on leaving
4. “Who phoned me while I was away?”
“Your daughter. _______________ a Merry Christmas.”
a) For wishes of
b) Wishing she were
c) To wish you
d) Wishing upon
5. “I wish you would look at me when I talk to you.”
“Holy cow! At times you sound as if ____________ my own Mom.”
a) you’re being
b) you are
c) to be
d) you were
19
II. Practice using the correct verb forms after ‘If only’:
1. Gina seems so obnoxious every so often. If only she ............... (be) a
little more cheerful at times.
T: _______________________________________________________
2. I don’t want to go back to your uncle’s restaurant. If only the waiter
....................... (be-neg.) so impolite the first time we got there.
T: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. If only it .................. (stop) raining. I’m dying for some time in the
sun at the beach.
T: _______________________________________________________
4. Why did Angela leave all alone for Teresopolis? If only she
................... (tell) me about it, I’d have gone with her.
T: _______________________________________________________
5. It’s not the same thrill visiting Uncle Dimas’ farm. If only he ...............
(be) still alive.
T: _______________________________________________________
6. Of course you had to get a “C” on your essay. If only you
......................... (do) more research before you handed it in.
T: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
7. My son wants a new electronic keyboard, more sophisticated and not
so moderately priced. If only I ....................... (be) well-off!
T: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
8. If only my brother ________ (be) here to lend us a hand with the
heavy work.
T: _______________________________________________________
20
III. Coloque na voz passiva:
1. The hunter killed the lion.
______________________
2. Terrorists have destroyed the bridge.
___________________________
3. She will write a letter to her boyfriend.
_______________________________
4. The auditors are inspecting the books.
_______________________________
5. They can transfer the money to a savings account.
________________________________________
IV. Complete com a voz ativa.
1. The plan has been implemented successfully.
They _______________________________
2. They were told to leave the room.
We _________________________
3. The building will be constructed in six months.
They _________________________________
4. She is being treated by Dr. Shelby.
_______________________________
5. His lessons should be reviewed before the test.
________________________________________
V. Antes de ler o texto da página seguinte responda estas
questões de escolha múltipla.
I - All these superstitions are expected to bring good luck, except for
a) carry a rabbit’s foot.
b) have a four-leaf clover.
c) breaking a mirror
d) opening an umbrella inside the house.
II - All these superstitions are expected to bring bad luck, except for
a) walking under a ladder will bring bad luck
b) keep a horseshoe at home
c) entering a house left leg first
d) brides who see their groom on their wedding day before the ceremony.
21
VI. Choose the better alternative in parentheses:
As Francis Bacon (1561/1626), the English essayist and philosopher,
put it, “There is a superstition in avoiding superstition.” Superstitious (1fantasies / beliefs) and practices are inextricably associated with magic
or the supernatural. Even though most people may (2-refuse/deny)
being superstitious, it’s not infrequent to see them wearing some kind of
lucky (3 - charm / charmed), also known as talismans, to promote
good fortune or simply because of their magical power. Among the most
common amulets is the rabbit’s foot. A horseshoe kept at home is
supposed to protect against (4 - devil / evil). Certain amulets may
consist of religious images, coins, stones or bones; others may consist of
objects which have (5 - astrologic / astrological) significance.
There are various other types of superstitions. People who never walk
under a ladder will (6- beat / knock) on wood if a black cat crosses their
(7 - path / step). They believe all these happenings bring them bad
luck. Some other people fear a broken (8 -glass / mirror) might mean
7 years’ bad luck for them. The hooting of an owl or the barking of a dog
can be interpreted as an omen (9- presaging / presage) good or bad
luck.
In ancient Greece the oracles were the shrines where the gods gave the
answers to the questions posed by the visitors. The oracles at Delphi and
at Dodona were famous. Nowadays people look to fortune tellers, crystal
ball gazers and others who claim to have the power to (10-predict /
predictable) the future. Various methods of fortune telling are employed
and take the name from the object read; for example, astrology (the
stars), palmistry (the palms of the hands ), crystal gazing ( crystal balls )
etc.
I am not superstitious at all. Nevertheless, just to be (11- by / on) the
safe side, I’ll keep my fingers (12- crossed / checked) and pray to our
patron, Saint Sebastian, so that most people who browse through my
books will love them and feel like buying one volume.
22
VII. Complete com as palavras do quadro abaixo de modo a
formar um phrasal verb com give. Um significado equivalente é
dado entre parênteses:
BACK
OUT
AWAY
UP
OFF
1. Don’t give _________ studying French. I think you’re making a lot of
progress. (= stop)
T: _________________________________________________
2. That is my lap top. Give it _________ to me. (= return)
T: _________________________________________________
3. There’s a girl giving _________ the programs at the entrance. (=
distributing)
T: _________________________________________________
4. Those sandals give _________ such a terrible smell. (= emit)
T: _________________________________________________
5. Don’t tell me you’ve given _______ all the money your father left for
you. (donated)
T: _________________________________________________
VIII. Choose the better alternative in parentheses:
1. The Mass was (said / told) at the cathedral.
T: _________________________________________________
2. Dina bought two (dozen /dozens) eggs at the supermarket.
T: _________________________________________________
3. Let’s go the movies tonight. What’s (playing / passing) at the Metro?
T: _________________________________________________
4. As they give each child a treat the neighbors try to (guess / find)
who is under the masks.
T: _________________________________________________
5. One of the most popular Halloween games is (called / calling) pinthe-tail-on-the-donkey.
T: _________________________________________________
23
ANSWERS
Text 1: Vocabulary Pre-Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
children dressed in costumes
give each child a treat
mingled with the living
resemble the souls of the dead
the edge of town
B
a. (2) dar um doce a cada criança
b. (3) misturar-se aos vivos
c. (4) parecer c/ a alma dos mortos
d. (1) crianças fantasiadas
e. (5) o limite da cidade
Reading Comprehension Questions – True or False?
1. (T) No Dia das Bruxas os adultos estão preparados para oferecer
alguns doces às crianças.
2. (T) Os Celtas acreditavam que fantasmas vinham à terra e se
misturavam com os vivos no dia 31 de outubro.
3. (F) Os milhões de imigrantes que vieram para os EUA no século 18
trouxera a tradição do Halloween com eles.
4. (F) Hoje somente as crianças participam da celebração do Halloween
nos EUA.
5. (T) Alguns participantes da celebração do Halloween gostam de
arrecadar dinheiro para alimentos e remédios destinados às crianças
pobres no mundo.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
connected with evil spirits
flying on broomsticks
carving pumpkins
a legend grew up
played jokes on the devil.
B
a. (5) pregou peças no diabo
b. (3) cortando abóboras
c. (4) uma lenda se fortaleceu
d. (2) voando em vassouras
e. (1) ligada a maus espíritos
24
Word Forms
1. (traditional) Halloween se tornou uma das mais tradicionais
festividades nos EUA.
2. (scary) Os irlandeses esculpiam rostos assustadores em nabos,
beterrabas ou batatas.
3. (popularity) Ao longo dos anos as comemorações do Halloween
cresceram em popularidade.
4. (evolved) Há muitos itens mencionados no texto que passaram a ser
símbolos da Halloween.
5. (symbolize) Além das abóboras há também outras coisas que
simbolizam o Halloween.
6. (originally) Maus espíritos estavam originariamente associados à
comemoração do Halloween.
7. (entrance) Foi difícil chegar à entrada do novo edifício.
8. (representative) Os arqueólogos descobriram artefatos que eram
representativos da cultura de civilizações antigas.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
lived all by herself
tumbled two feet
the flesh had rotted
eyes bulged with terror.
the parts came together
a small voice that shivered
B
a. (5) as partes se juntaram
b. (4) olhos esbugalhados de terror
c. (1) morava sozinha
d. (3) a pele havia apodrecido
e. (6) uma voz fraca e trêmula
f. (2) dois pés despencaram
Mini-texts
I. - 1. carving // 2. pulp // 3. melted // 4. bake // 5. slightly
II.- 1. wrapping // 2. boiling // 3. melt // 4. stick // 5. dip
III. 1. heat // 2. mixture // 3. greased // 4. thoroughly // 5. sticky
IV. -1. harmful // 2. dietary // 3. prescribed // 4. current // 5. bleeding
Picture test 13
(b) Maybe an old wicked witch cast a spell on that poor ugly woman!
Talvez uma velha bruxa má tenha lançado um feitiço nesta pobre mulher
horrorosa.
25
Test Yourself – Halloween
1. (c) o texto nos informa que Jack o’ lanterns são feitas com abóboras
ocas. As opções estão incorretas e dizem: na (a), Jack-o’- lanterns são
originárias da Inglaterra; na (b) Jack foi punido por Deus para caminhar
pela terra carregando uma lanterna; na (d), as fantasias das crianças são
originárias da Irlanda.
2. (a) não é possível afirmar que ET. The Extra Terrestrial foi um sucesso
de bilheteria sob influência da tradição do Halloween. Na (b), lê-se que as
pessoas não podem dizer ao certo qual a origem dos doces e guloseimas
associados à tradição do Halloween; na (c) Halloween significa a Véspera
do Dia de Todos os Santos na tradição religiosa; na (d), é muito provável
que as famílias se preparem com antecedência para oferecer doces para a
garotada da vizinhança.
3. (d) contos de fadas e amuletos da sorte não são mencionados como
vinculados à tradição da festividade. Na (a), casas mal assombradas; na
(b), as almas dos mortos; na (c) bruxas e Jack-o’- lanterns.
4. É possível concluir que janelas estilhaçadas e portões quebrados
raramente ocorrem como travessuras características da celebração do
Halloween. Não está correto afirmar que somente as crianças curtem o
Halloween (a); que pessoas supersticiosas mantêm os velhos costumes
associados ao Halloween (b); que em nenhum outro lugar o Halloween é
celebrado como nos EUA (c).
5. (b) você provavelmente foi vítima de uma travessura de alguma
criança quando no dia seguinte a Halloween você não consegue encontrar
a pá do jardim. Na (a), tem-se um macaco de carro, na (c) copos,
vidros, e na (d), um ventilador.
6. (c) No trecho “In the latter there is a tale about the origin of Jack-o’lanterns” cuja tradução é ‘Neste ultimo há uma história sobre a origem
das lanternas’ há referência é à Irlanda.
26
EXERCISES
I. Choose the best dialogue completion:
1. (A)
– Você visitou o Vaticano quando esteve na Itália?
– Não. Mas gostaria que tivesse.
2. (D)
- O que lhe surpreendeu mais, Derrick?
- O fato de que a menina falava como se me conhecesse.
3. (C)
- Por que você saiu do quarto da Tia Ruth?
- Porque ela disse que queria ficar sozinha.
4. (C)
- Quem me ligou enquanto eu estive fora?
- Sua filha, para lhe desejar um Feliz Natal.
5. (D)
- Gostaria que você olhasse para mim quando falo com você.
- Por Deus! Você soa como se fosse minha própria mãe.
II. Practice using the correct verb forms after ‘If only’:
1. (were) Gina é tão insuportável às vezes. Se ao menos ela fosse mais
alegre de vez em quando.
2. (had not been) Não quero voltar ao restaurante do seu tio. Se ao
menos o garçom não tivesse sido tão grosseiro da primeira vez em que
estivemos lá!
3. (would stop) Se pelo menos parasse de chover. Estou morrendo de
vontade de ir à praia para pegar um sol.
4. (had told) Por que a Ângela partiu para Teresópolis sozinha? Se ao
menos ela tivesse me falado a respeito eu teria ido com ela.
5. (were) Não é mais a mesma emoção visitar a fazenda do tio Dimas.
Ah se ele ainda estivesse vivo!
6. (had done) É claro que você merecia um ‘C’ no seu ensaio. Se pelo
menos você tivesse feito mais pesquisas antes de entregá-lo.
7. (were) Meu filho quer um novo teclado mais sofisticado e não tão
baratinho. Se ao menos eu estivesse bem de vida.
8. (were) Se pelo menos o meu irmão estivesse aqui para nos dar uma
mãozinha com o trabalho pesado.
27
III. Coloque na voz passiva:
1. The lion was killed by the hunter.
O leão foi morto pelo caçador.
2. The bridge has been destroyed by Terrorists.
A ponte foi destruída pelos terroristas.
3. A letter will be written to her boyfriend.
Uma carta será escrita ao namorado dela.
4. The books are being inspected by the auditors.
Os livros estão sendo inspecionados pelos auditores.
5. The money can be transferred to a savings account.
O dinheiro pode ser transferido para uma conta de poupança.
IV. Complete com a voz ativa.
1. They have implemented the plan successfully.
Eles implementaram o plano com sucesso.
2. We told them to leave the room.
Mandamos que eles saíssem da sala.
3. They will construct the building in six months.
Eles construirão o prédio em sesi meses.
4. Dr. Shelby is treating her.
O Dr. Shelby está tratando dela.
5. He should review his lessons before the test.
Ele deve revisar suas lições antes da prova.
V. Antes de ler o texto da página seguinte responda estas
questões de escolha múltipla.
I. (d) Abrir um guarda-chuva dentro de casa é considerado de mau
agouro por alguns. Em (a), fala-se em carregar um pé de coelho, em (b)
ter um trevo de quatro folhas; em (c), quebrar um espelho.
II. (b) Todas essas superstições trazem má sorte menos manter uma
ferradura dentro de casa. Em (a), passar debaixo de escada, em (c),
entrar em casa com pé esquerdo, em (d) as noivas que vêem o noivo
antes da cerimônia no dia do casamento.
28
VI. Choose the better alternative in parentheses:
1. beliefs // 2. deny // 3. charm // 4. evil // 5. astrological // 6. knock //
7. path // 8. mirror // 9. presaging // 10. predict // 11. on // 12. crossed
VII. Phrasal Verbs
1. (UP) Não pare de estudar francês. Acho que você está fazendo
bastantes progressos.
2. (BACK) Esse é o meu laptop. Devolva-me.
3. (OUT) Há uma garota distribuindo os programas na entrada.
4. (OFF) Essas sandálias exalam um cheiro horrível.
5. (AWAY) Não me diga que doou todo o dinheiro deixado pelo seu pai
para você.
VIII. Choose the better alternative in parentheses:
1. (said) A missa foi rezada na catedral.
2. (dozen) Dina comprou duas dúzias de ovos no supermercado.
3. (playing) Vamos ao cinema hoje à noite. O que está passando no
Metro?
4. (guess) Quando dão um doce para cada criança os vizinhos tentam
adivinhar quem está por trás das máscaras.
5. (called) Uma das brincadeiras mais populares no Halloween é
chamada de colocar o rabo no burro.
29
Avalie se os seguintes objetivos da AULA 13 foram alcançados.
OBJECTIVES (OBJETIVOS)
Draw your attention to the following essential points:
Chamar sua atenção para os seguintes pontos essenciais:
I. Analysis of text 1: “Halloween?”
Análise do texto 1: “O Dia das Bruxas”
II. Grammar tips Passive Voice.
Dicas de gramática – Voz passiva.
III. Key word PLAY
Palavra-chave PLAY
IV. Phrasal Verbs with ‘give’
Phrasal verbs com ‘give’
V. Analysis of text 2: ‘Symbols of Halloween’
Análise do Texto 2: ‘Símbolos do Halloween’
VI. Word Forms: multiple choice items – words in families
Fromação das palavras múltipla escolha palavras derivadas
VII. Discourse Markers (II) – Result/ Consequence
Marcadores do Discurso(II) – Resultado / Consequência
VIII. Analysis of text 3: ‘Scary Stories’
Análise do Texto 2: ‘Histórias Assustadoras’
IX. Grammar tips Wish / If Only
Dicas de gramática – Wish / If only
X. Vocabulary Build Up – Mini-texts 1 thru 4
Construção do Vocabulário – Mini textos 1 a 4
XI. Picture Test 13
Teste com gravuras 13
XII. Exercise Section
Seção de Exercícios
30

CURSO REGULAR PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO

Transcrição

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