VISA PMS Booklet Covers-pun-OUTLINES.indd

bjt bxfAuxf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
bjt ivAuNqxf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
cfr-nukfqI pRogrfm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
insLfn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
smfrt (SMART) bx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
bYNikMg syvfvF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
cYikMg Kfqy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
syivMgjL Kfqy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ielYktRfink bYikMg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
bcq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ivafj df joV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
bcq dy vsIly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
AuDfr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
AuDfr kI huMdf hY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
AuDfr dIaF iqMn “Cs” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
qqkrf
kRYizt kfrz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
kRYizt kfrz 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
kfrz dI cox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
krjLy dI kImq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
vsIly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
krjLf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
krjLy df Bfr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
quhfzI kImq kI hY? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AuDfr lYxf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
icqfvnI dIaF insLfnIaF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
krjLy ivwcoN inklxf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iblF dI AugrfhI krn vfilaF nfl gwl-bfq . . . . . . . . . .
quhfzy hwk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AuDfr bfry kONsilMg (slfh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vsIly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
I
bjt bxfAuxf
bjt ivAuNqxf
syDF
jy qusIN XkInI bxfAuxf cfhuMdy ho ik qusIN afpxI kmfeI nfloN
vDyry Krc nhIN krdy, qF quhfnUM bjt bxfAuxf pvygf. bjt
quhfzy pYsy dI iewk Xojnf hY jo quhfzy vwloN kmfey jFdy pYsy
(quhfzI afmdn) aqy quhfzy vwloN kIqy jFdy Krc (Krcy) df
ihsfb lgfAuNdI hY. hyT iliKaf cfrt ies bfry kuwJ slfh
idMdf hY ik tYks qoN bfad afpxI GrylU afmdn nUM isafxp
nfl ikvyN KrcIey.
tYks qoN bfad KricaF bfry syDF:
30% mkfn leI
10% pwky KricaF leI
10% AuDfr moVx leI
10% inwjI KricaF leI
10% bcq
cfr-nukfqI pRogrfm
pihlf kdm: afpxI afmdn df ihsfb lgfAu
mhInfvfr bjt bxfAux leI quhfnUM pqf hoxf cfhIdf hY
ik quhfzy kol, tYks adf krn qoN bfad, hr mhIny Krc
krn leI ikMnHy pYsy AuplbD hn. ieh quhfzI Kfls GrylU
afmdn hY ikAuN ik ieh quhfzy vwloN srkfr nUM afpxIaF
sfrIaF ktOqIaF krvfAux qoN bfad bc geI rkm hY.
jy qnKfh quhfnUM mhIny ivwc iewk vfrI imldI hY, afpxI
mhIny dI Kfls afmdn jfxn leI bws afpxI py-stwb
qy ingfh mfr lvo.
jy quhfnUM qnKfh hr hPqy, hr do hPqy bfad jF mhIny
ivwc do vfrI imldI hY, quhfnUM afpxI mhInfvfr Kfls
afmdn pqf krn leI kuwJ ihsfb-ikqfb krnf pvygf.
• hPqfvfr qnKfh leI rkm nUM 4[333 nfl guxf kr
idA
• hr do hPqy bfad imlx vflI qnKfh leI rkm nUM
2[167 nfl guxf kr idAu
• mhIny ivwc do vfrI imlx vflI qnKfh leI rkmF nUM 2
nfl guxf kr idA
dUjf kdm: afpxy KricaF df aMdfjLf lgfA
HiewQy qusIN ilKxf huMdf hY ik afpxf pYsf ikwQy Krcxf hY.
hy qusIN afpxy KricaF nUM gruwpF ivwc vMz lvoN qF ieh Xfd
rwKxf sOKf ho jFdf hY ik quhfzf sfrf pYsf ikwQy jFdf hY|
qusIN ies nUM vwzy gruwpF, ijvyN “mkfn” aqy “krjLf” ivwc
vMz skdy ho jF hr qrHF dy Krc igx skdy ho, ijvyN hr
mhIny “kwpiVaF” qy ikMnHf aqy “afvfjfeI” qy ikMnHf Krc
krdy ho. ijvyN vI quhfnUM ihsfb rwKxf sOKf lwgy, afpxy
Krcy nMU Ausy qrHF hI vMz lvo. agly sPLy qy idwqf kflm
Krcy dIaF alwg-alwg iksmF drsfAuNdf hY.
qIjf kdm: Prk df ihsfb kro
iewk vfrI qusIN afpxf bjt bxf ilaf hY, quhfnUM afpxI
asl mhInfvfr afmdn aqy KricaF df irkfrz rwKxf
pvygf. ies nfl quhfnUM jo rkm qusIN iksy cIjL qy Krcxf
cfhuMdy ho aqy jo asl ivwc qusIN KrcI hY, dovF ivwckfr Prk
pqf lwg jfvygf.
sLurU-sLurU ivwc quhfnUM ienHF dovF ivwc bhuq sfry Prk njLr
afAuxgy. iesy leI bjt bxfAuxf bVI cMgI gwl hY. ies
nfl pqf lwg jFdf hY ik asl ivwc qusIN afpxf pYsf ikvyN
Krcdy ho.
cOQf kdm: pqf kroo, ktOqI kro aqy insLfnf rwK
iewk vfrI kuwJ dyr afpxIaF Krc dIaF afdqF qy ingfh
mfrn nfl ho skdf hY quhfnUM pqf lwgy ik qusIN kmfeI nfloN
Krc vDyry krdy ho. quhfnUM ieh vI pqf lwgygf ik qusIN pYsf
vDyry ikwQy Krcdyy ho.
1
Krcy dy vrgF dy nmUny
irhfiesL
• ikrfieaf jF mfrgyj dIaF iksLqF
• pRfprtI tYks (jfiedfd qy tYks)
pwky Krcy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
ibjlI df ibl
gYs df ibl
tYlIPon df ibl
sYWl Pon df ibl
ieMtrnYWt df Krc
bwcy dI dyK-ryK qy Krc
pfxI df ibl
Gr/ ikrfeydfr aqy gwzI df bImf
kybl df ibl
jIvn bImf
kfr df rwK-rKfa
gRosrI (kirafny) df ibl
hor pwky Krcy
krjLy dIaF iksLqF
•
•
•
•
•
lfeIn afPL kRYizt
kRYizt kfrz
kfr leI lon (krjL)
stUzYNt (ividafrQI dy qOr qy) lon
hor krjLy
inwjI Krcy
•
•
•
•
•
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•
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•
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•
•
•
kwpVy
vflF dI ktfeI/ bxvfeI
iPlmF, sLoa jF Kyz-myly
bfhr rYstorYNtF qy Kfx-pIx
bwicaF dIaF vDIk gqIivDIaF
ielYktRfink vsqF, sI[zI[, zI[vI[zI[ dI KrId
PrnIcr aqy Aupkrx (aYplfieMisjL)
Gr dI murMmq
sLOk
pVHx dI sfmwgrI (aKbfrF, ikqfbF vgYrf)
afvfjfeI dy Krc
qohPy
Putkl (zRfeIklIinMg, nyVy dy stor qy Krc, jF nkd KrId
vgYrf
bcq ivwc Xogdfn
•
•
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2
afr[afr[aYWs[pI[ (RRSP)
afr[eI[aYWs[pI[(RESP)
aYmrjYNsI PMz
CuwtIaF leI PMz
bYNk Kfqf jF hor bcqF
keI mfmilaF ivwc, Krc ivwc ktOqI krnf koeI vwzI gwl
nhIN huMdI. keI hornf ivwc, ieh bVf aOKf huMdf hY. Audfhrx
vjoN, qusIN afpxf ikrfieaf aqy ibjlI df ibl dyxf hI hY.
pr quhfzy leI sI[zI[ KrIdxf koeI lfjLmI nhIN huMdf.
iewk vfrI qusIN jdoN isrP afmdn ijMnHf hI Krc krn
dI afdq pf lYNdy ho, qusIN sLfied kfPI ijLafdf byiPkrI
mihsUs kroNgy. qusIN iewdF dy ibl adf krn df dbfa
mihsUs nhIN kroNgy ijnHF nUM dyx leI sLfied quhfzy kol pYsy
nf hox. aqy ho skdf hY vkq-by-bkq quhfzy kol PflqU
Krc leI jF BivwK dIaF loVF leI kfPI pYsy bc jfx|
insLfny
XojnfbMdI dI kfrvfeI
kI qusIN iksy idn afpxf Gr bxfAuxf cfhuMdy ho? kI qusIN
kfr KrIdxf cfhuMdy ho? hr iksy df koeI nf koeI supnf huMdf
hY ijs nUM sfkfr krn leI pYsy dI loV pYNdI hY. afpxy supny
sfkfr krn vfly lokF aqy supny sfkfr nf kr skx vfly
lokF drimafn ieho hI Prk hY ik sfkfr krn vfly ivAuNq
muqfbk cldy hn. hyTF quhfzy supinaF dI pUrqI krn leI
iewk cfr-nukfqI ivAuNq idwqI jf rhI hY.
1. asfisaF dI loV
quhfzIaF KfihsLF Auh cIjLF huMdIaF hn jo quhfzI ijLMdgI nUM
suKflf jF afnMdfiek bxf idMdIaF hn pr ijnHF dI ijAuNdy
rihx leI loV nhIN huMdI. ijvyN koeI ielYktRfink Kyz lYx
dI quhfzI KfihsL ho skdI hY, pr quhfnUM ies dI jLrUrq
nhIN huMdI. quhfnUM srdIaF leI iewk kot aqy iewk bYWz dI
loV jLrUr pvygI ijnHF qoN ibnf ijLMdgI aOKI ho skdI hY.
so, jo vI cIjLF hfsl krnf ijLMdgI leI cMgf ho skdf hY,
AunHF dI sUcI bxf lvo|
iPr, sUcI nUM vMz lvo. hr vsqU qy njLr mfro aqy ienHF qy
KvfihsL (K) aqy jLrUrq (jL) dy qOr qy insLfnI lgfAu. jy
kr iksy cIjL bfry quhfnUM pqf nhIN lwg irhf, afpxy afp nUM
puwCo ik ies dy quhfzy kol hox nfl ijLMdgI ikMnHI ku sOKI ho
jfvygI (jF nf hox nfl ikMnHI ku aOKI)| ies nfl pqf lwg
jfvygf ik ieh KvfihsL hY jF jLrUrq”|
2. insLfny imwQo
afpxI KfihsLF dI sUcI pfsy rwK idAu. hux, afpxIaF
jLrUrqF dI sUcI nUM hfsl krnf insLfnf bxf lAu. keI lokIN
afpxy leI rojLfnf, hPqy jF sfl Br leI insLfny imwQdy
hn. ijvyN vI quhfzy leI PfiedymMd hovy, Ausy qrHF afpxy
insLfny imwQ lvo.
3. iewk Xojnf bxf lvo
jdoN insLfny sfmHxy hox, quhfnUM hux AunHF nUM hfsl krn
leI iewk Xojnf jLrUr bxfAuxI pvygI. afpxy afp nUM hr
insLfny dI pUrqI leI vDdf mihsUs kro. ies nUM kdmF
ivwc vMz lvo. Audfhrx dy qOr qy, jy kr srdIaF df kot
lYx leI qusIN 10 zflr pfsy rwK skdy ho, vyKo ieh kot
lYx leI quhfnUM ikMnHf vkq lwg jfvygf. iPr hr hPqy
10 zflr bcfAux dI ihdfieq vflf iewk kYlMzr bxfAu.
afpxI Xojnf nUM ilK lYx nfl ies nUM hfsl krnf afsfn
ho jFdf hY.
4. kfrvfeI kro
hux quhfzy kol iewk Xojnf hY. mubfrk! ies dIaF keI
nklF ipRMt kr lvo, aksr ienHF qy ingfh mfro, aqy
kfrvfeI kro.
cusq jF smfrt (SMART) bxo
iewk XQfrQvfdI insLfnf smfrt (SMART) hY
(iewk qoN vDyry qrIikaF nfl)
hfsl kIqy jfx-Xog: quhfzy insLfny dI pRfpqI qk cuwky
jfx vfly kdmF nUM cuwkxf sMBv hoxf cfhIdf hY.
Audfhrx: myrf bjt hr hPqy myry leI ieMnyH ku pYsy lFBy
rwKxy sMBv kry ik mYN sfl dy ivwc-ivwc afpxy insLfny dI
pRfpqI kr skF.
pRfsMigk: insLfnf rwKx df mksd smJ afAuxf cfhIdf hY.
qusIN ies qrHF dy insLfny leI imhnq krnf nhIN cfhoNgy jo
quhfzIaF loVF muqfbk nhIN hY.
Audfhrx: quhfnUM juwqIaF dy 18 joiVaF vfsqy pYsy joVx dI
loV nhIN.
smF-bwD: insLfny dI iewk pwkI qfrIK bMnHxf mhwqvpUrx
hY.
Audfhrx: imsqrI kihMdf hY ik myrI Pirwj ny iewk sfl vI
hor nhIN kwZxf. agly awT mhIinaF dy aMdr-aMdr mYnUM
hor Pirwj lYxf hI pYxf hY.
Kfs (Specific)
imxqI-Xog (Measurable)
hfsl kIqy jfx-Xog (Attainable)
pRfsMigk (Relevant)
smF-bwD (Time-related)
Kfs: smfrt insLfny ieMnHy ku ivsLysL huMdy hn ik iksy
ivakqI nUM hrkq ivwc ilaf dyx.
Audfhrx: iewk Pirwj KrIdx leI pYsy joVx df PYslf
krnf (bjfey isrP ieMnHf kihx dy ik kuwJ pYsy joVo)
imxqI kIqy jfx-Xog: quhfnUM pqf hoxf cfhIdf hY ik qusIN
afpxf insLfnf kdoN hfsl kr ilaf hY, jF ies nUM hfsl
krn dy ikMnHf nyVy ho. ijhVy insLfny imxy nhIN jf skdy,
ijvyN mYnUM kuwJ hor pYsy cfhIdy hn, hfsl krny bVy musLikl
huMdy hn. ies qoN ielfvf, koeI qrIkf vI nhIN huMdf ijs
nfl pqf lwg sky iks qusIN insLfnf hfsl kr ilaf hY
ik nhIN|
Audfhrx: iksy Pirwj dI kImq 600 zflr hY, aqy quhfzy
kol pihlF hI 300 zflr jmHF kIqy hoey hn. Pirwj
KrIdx qoN pihlF quhfzy kol 300 zflr hor jmHF hoxf
cfhIdf hY.
3
bYNikMg syvfvF
jy quhfzI sfrI Aumr pYsf isrHfxy Qwly dy ky sOx dI slfh
nhIN hY, ies nUM sMBfl ky rwKx leI quhfnUM iewk surwiKaq
jgHf cfhIdI hY. hux bYNkF dI mhwqqf df pqf lwgdf hY. ieh
quhfzI qnKfh dy cYkF, ibl adf krn dIaF syvfvF, BivwK
leI bcqF krn vfsqy bcq krn dy Auqpfdn muhweIaf
krdy hn.
cYikMg Kfqy
Kfqy df ihsfb-ikqfb rwKxf: kYNsl kIqf hoieaf koeI cYWk
(quhfzy vwloN iliKaf igaf koeI cYWk jo quhfzy ivwqI adfry vwloN
ieh drsfAuNidaf vfips kr idwqf igaf hY ik quhfzy Kfqy
ivwcoN pYsy kZvfey jf cuwky hn), pYisaF dI adfiegI df sbUq
hY. ies Aus vyly bVf lfhyvMd sfbq ho skdf hY jdoN qusIN
afpxy afn-lfeIn bYNikMg pMny jF mhInfvfr stytmYNt qy hoeI
rkm dI iksy inkfsI qy svfl AuTfAuxf cfhuMdy ho. ieh qF vI
PfiedymMd huMdf hY jy kr qusIN sfbq krnf cfhuMdy ho ik ijs
iksy dy qusIN pYsy dyxy sn, Aus nUM adfiegI ho cuwkI hY.
cYikMg akfAUNt ikAuN KulHvfeIey?
shUlq: jy quhfzy kol cYikMg Kfqf hY, qsIN bYNk jF mnI
afrzr KrIdx leI zfkKfny jfx qoN ibnf hI cYWk kwt ky
ibl adf kr skdy ho. qusIN post-zyitz cYWk (ijnHF df
Bugqfn iksy bfad dI qfrIK qy hI ho skdf hY) kwt ky
bfkfiedf rkmF dI adfiegI vkq-isr inbyV skdy ho.
Audfhrx vjoN, hr mhIny dI pihlI qfrIK nUM adf kIqy
jfx vfly ikrfey leI ikrfey dy post-zyitz cYWk|
cYikMg Kfqy nfl iksy rwd kIqy cYWk nUM lf ky qusIN afpxy
Kfqy ivwcoN rkmF dI bfkfiedf inkfsI (ijvyN aKbfr lvfAux
leI cMdy dI adfiegI) df ieMqjLfm vI kr skdy ho. rwd
kIqf cYWk quhfzI cYWkbuwk ivwcoN ilaf igaf iewk KflI cYWk
huMdf hY ijs dy afr-pfr “VOID” ilK idwqf jFdf hY. ies
qrHF ies cYWk nUM qF quhfzy Kfqy ivwcoN rkm kZfAux leI
nhIN vriqaf jf skdf pr vpfrI leI quhfzy bYNk ivwcoN
bfkfiedf rkmF kZvfAuxf afrMB krn leI luVINdI sfrI
jfxkfrI ies ivwc huMdI hY.
cYikMg Kfqy dy nfl iewk bYNk kfrz vI imldf hY jo quhfzy
leI kYnyzf Br ivwc hjLfrF hI bYNk msLInF qy afpxy Kfqy
qk rsfeI sMBv bxfAuNdf hY. ieh Xfd rwKo ik jy kr qusIN
koeI aijhI ey[tI[aYWm[ (pYsy kZfAux aqy jmHF krvfAux
leI bYNk msLIn) vrqdy ho jo quhfzy bYNk nfl sMbMDq nhIN
hY, quhfzy qoN vfDU PIs vsUl kIqI jf skdI hY.
4
bcq krnf: cYikMg Kfqf rwKx dI kImq koeI cfr zflr
pRqI mhInf hY. keI ivwqI sMsQfvF hr mhIny Kfqy ivwcoN rkm
kZfAux, qbdIl krn, jF cYWk jfrI krn vrgy lYx-dyx
imwQI igxqI ivwc muPq muhweIaf krdIaF hn. ivwqI sMsQfvF
quhfnUM ibnf iksy PIs vfly Kfqy dI shUlq vI dy skdy hn
bsLrqy qusIN Kfqy ivwc Gwto-Gwt kuwJ pYsf rwKx leI sihmq
ho jfvo, aqy Kfqy ivclI rkm nUM ies pYsy qoN kdI vI Gtx
nf dyvo. pr PIs nfl vI cYikMg Kfqf lgfqfr mnI afrzr
KrIdx (hr vfrI 3 qoN 6[50 zflr) nfloN ssqf pYNdf hY.
cYWk-buwk nUM bYlYNs krnf
afpxy Kfqy ivwc hox vfly sB lYx-dyx df afpxy cYWk
rijstr (Auh CotI ikqfb jo cYWkF dy nfl afAuNdI hY) ivwc
ihsfb rwKxf jLrUrI hY. ies nUM ieMJ krnf hY:
pihlf kdm: iewk korf kfgjL lY ky Aus Auwqy afpxy bYNk Kfqy
ivwc peI rkm ilK lvo.
dUjf kdm: koeI vI jmHF krvfeI rkm, jo qusIN afpxy cYWk
rijstr ivwc drj kIqI hY pr hfly stytmYNt AuWqy nhIN
idsdI, ies ivwc joV lvo.
qIjf kdm: koeI vI bkfieaf cYWk, jo vI rkm qusIN zYibt
(bYNk) kfrz nfl kZvfeI hovy, bfkfiedf aftomYitk
kwZIaF jfx vflIaF rkmF ijnHF leI qusIN mnjLUrI idwqI
hY, aqy iksy bYNk msLIn qy quhfzy vwloN kZvfeIaF rkmF
ies ivwcoN kwZ idAu.
cOQf kdm: jo nqIjf inkly, Aus nUM cYWk rijstr ivcly
bYlYNs nfl imlf lvo.
not: quhfzy cYWk rijstr ivcly bYlYNs nUM (ey) srivs PIsF jF hor KricaF; (bI)
iswDIaF jmHF rkmF aqy imly ivafj, leI drusq kr dyxf cfhIdf hY.
syivMgjL Kfqy
syivMgjL akfAUNt KulHfAux dy Pfiedy
jy kr qusIN afpxIaF QoVy smyN dIaF loVF leI pYsy bcfAuxy
cfhuMdy ho, syivMgjL Kfqf PfiedymMd ho skdf hY| ies qrHF
dy Kfqy nfl jmHF pey pYsy AuWqy ivafj pYNdf hY| ivafj Auh
pYsf hY ijhVf bYNk quhfnUM quhfzy pYsy vrqx dyx leI adf
krdf hY. bYNk aqy quhfzy vwloN KulHvfey Kfqy dI iksm, aqy
ivafj dIaF mOjUd drF dyy ilhfjL nfl ivafj dI imkdfr
vDdI-GtdI rihMdI hY.
ielYktRfink bYNikMg
ivwqI lYx-dyx aqy qknflojI
koeI hYrfnI dI gwl nhIN hY ik qknflojI kfrx bYNikMg df
kMm-kfj kfPI suKflf ho igaf hY. ies dIaF kuwJ AudfhrxF
hyTF idwqIaF geIaF hn:
rkm iswDI jmHF krfAuxf
rkm iswDI jmHF krfAux nfl quhfzy bYNk Kfqy ivwc
quhfzI qnKfh (jF srkfrI adfiegIaF) iswDIaF hI jmHF
krfeIaF jf skdIaF hn. ies nfl smF, koisLsL aqy pYsf
bcdf hY|
afn-lfeIn bYNikMg
afn-lfeIn bYNikMg nfl gfhk Kfqy ivwclI rkm dI igxqI
pqf kr skdy hn, ibwl adf kr skdy hn, RRSP jmHF
krvf skdy hn, aqy iewQoN qk ik ieMtrnYWt AuWqy krjLy dI
drKfsq vI dy skdy hn|
aftomyitz (svYcfilq) tYWlr msLIn
aftomyitz tYWlr msLInF jF ey[tI[aYWmF[ dI vrqoN nfl gfhk
nkd rfsLI hfsl kr skdf hY, pYsy jmHF krvf skdf hY,
aqy tYWlr nUM imlx leI lfeIn ivwc KVHy hox qoN ibnf hI
bYNk dy hor ikMnHy hI kMm-kfj kr skdf hY. ieh Xfd rwKxf
cfhIdf hY ik jdoN qusIN koeI ies qrHF dI msLIn vrqdy ho
jo quhfzy bYNk dI nhIN hY, qF quhfnUM vDIk PIs vI dyxI pY
skdI hY.
ivkrI vflI jgHf qy lYx-dyx
jy kr quhfzy kol AudoN nkd rfsLI nf hovy jdoN qusIN pYisaF
df Bugqfn krnf cfhuMdy ho, qusIN afpxf zYibt kfrz
vrq skdy ho. bhuqy stor aqy rYstorYNt ies nUM pYsy dI
adfiegI dy sfDn vjoN mnjLUr krdy hn.
bYNk keI alwg-alwg qrIikaF nfl ivafj kwZdy hn.
quhfzf bYNk quhfzy Kfqy AuWqy ivafj ikvyN lgfAuNdf hY, ies
bfry vDyry jfxkfrI leI afpxy bYNk nfl sMprk kro.
afm gwl-bfq dy ilhfjL nfl, ijMnHF ijLafdf mUlDn hovygf,
AunHF hI ijLafdf ivafj quhfnUM imlygf.
5
bcq
pYsy dI bcq iewk aijhI cIjL hY jo sfzy ivwcoN bhuqy krnf
cfhuMdy hn pr jo asIN hmysLf nhIN krdy. ijMnHf qusIN socdy
ho, bcq krnf Aus nfloN sOKf hY aqy ieh Bfg quhfnUM bcq
dIaF buinafdI gwlF aqy ivafj quhfzy leI kI kr skdf
hY, isKf skdf hY|
ivafj df ihsfb lfAuxf
sfDfrx ivafj df ihsfb lfAuxf
sfDfrx ivafj df ihsfb lfAux nfl, sfl-dr-sfl
ivafj quhfzI jmHF rkm dy mUl Dn qy lgfieaf jFdf hY.
PfrmUlf ieAuN lgfieaf jFdf hY:
zflrF ivwc mUl rkm ¿ ivafj dI dr ¿ (sflF ivwc) smF
= imlx vflI rkm
Audfhrx: jy quhfzy syivMgjL Kfqy ivwc 100 zflr hox
ijnHF qy 2% sflfnf dI dr qy sfDfrx ivafj pvy,
pihly sfl dy aMq qk qusIN 2 zflr ivafj kmf cuwky
hovoNgy|
$100 ¿ 0[02 ¿ 1 = $2
do sflF dy aMq qy qusIN cfr zflr kmf cuwky hovoNgy. Kfqy ivwc
hr sfl do zflr df vfDf huMdf rhygf, bfvjUd ies gwl dy
ik pihly sfl dy aMq qy quhfzy Kfqy ivwc 102 zflr sn.
imisLRq ivafj df ihsfb lfAuxf
imisLRq ivafj df ihsfb krn vyly, sfl-dr-sfl ivafj
quhfzI jmHF rkm dy mUl Dn, aqy jo vI koeI ivafj qusIN
kmfieaf hovy, dovF qy lgfieaf jFdf hY.
PfrmUlf ieAuN lgfieaf jFdf hY:
zflrF ivwc mUl rkm + kmfieaf ivafj ¿ ivafj dI
dr ¿ smF = imlx vflI rkm
Audfhrx: jy quhfzy syivMgjL Kfqy ivwc 100 zflr hox
ijnHF qy 2% sflfnf dI dr qy imisLRq ivafj pvy,
pihly sfl dy aMq qk qusIN 2 zflr ivafj kmf cuwky
hovoNgy|
$100 ¿ 0[02 ¿ 1 = $2
(pihly sfl df ivafj)
$100 + $2 = $102
(Kfqy ivwc sfl dy aMq qy kuwl rkm)
imisLRq ivafj nfl, dUjy sfl dy aMq qy qusIN 2[04 zflr
ivafj ivwc hfsl kr lvoNgy, jo pihly sfl nfloN vDyry
hovygf, ikAuN ik ivafj quhfzI nvIN 102 zflr dI kuwl
rkm qy lgfieaf jfvygf, sfDfrx ivafj dI Audfhrx
ivwc ijvyN mUl rkm qy lgfieaf igaf sI, Aus qrHF
nhIN. qIjy sfl dy aMq qk, qusIN 6[12 zflr kuwl ivafj
kmf ilaf hovygf| dUjy aqy qIjy sfl df ihsfb ies qrHF
lwgygf:
dUjy sfl : $102 ¿ 0[02 ¿ 1 = 2[04
(dUjy sfl dy aMq qy lwigaf ivafj)
qIjy sfl :$104[04 ¿ 0[02 ¿ 1 = 2[08
(dUjy sfl dy aMq qy lwigaf ivafj)
$104[04 + 2[08 = 106[12
(pihly sfl df ivafj)
6
72 df inXm
keI vfrI, jdoN qusIN iksy insLfny dI pRfpqI leI bcq kr
rhy hovoN, gixq dy iswDy-sfDy inXm Xfd rwKxf cMgf rihMdf
hY. iewk “72 df inXm” quhfnUM asIN dws idMdy hF|
72 df inXm ieh jfxn ivwc quhfzI shfieqf krdf hY ik
pYsy dy duwgxf hox ivwc ikMnHy vrHy lwgxgy| iewQy qusIN 72
nUM quhfnUM imlx vfly ivafj dI dr nfl qksIm kr lvo.
jvfb qoN quhfnUM pqf lwg jfvygf ik quhfzI mUl rkm nUM
duwgxf krn leI ikMnHy vrHy lwgxgy, rkm BfvyN ikMnHI vI
hovy.
72 dy inXm nUM qusIN ieh jfxn leI vI vrq skdy ho ik
imwQy hoey sflF ivwc afpxI mUl rkm nUM duwgxf krn leI
quhfnUM ivafj dI dr ikMnHI cfhIdI hY|
72÷rkm nUM duwgxf krn leI lwgx vfly sfl
= ivafj dI luVINdI dr
Audfhrx vjoN, ies ihsfb quhfnUM pqf lwgygf ik 10
sflF ivwc afpxI rkm nUM duwgxf krn leI quhfnUM
ivafj dI dr 7.2% imlxI cfhIdI hY.
72 ÷ ivafj dI dr
= rkm nUM duwgxf krn leI lwgx vfly sfl
Audfhrx vjoN, 2.5% dI dr qy afpxI rkm nUM dwugxf
krn leI quhfnUM 28[8 vrHy lwgxgy.
7
afpxI bcq jldI afrMB krn dI qfkq
Aumr
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
sujLyn df invys
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
irtfiermYNt vyl kImq
mnPI kuwl Xogdfn
kuwl lfB
8
vfDf
1,100
2,310
3,641
5,105
6,716
8,487
10,436
12,579
13,837
15,221
16,743
18,418
20,259
22,285
24,514
26,965
29,662
32,628
35,891
39,480
43,428
47,771
52,548
57,802
63,583
69,941
76,935
84,628
93,091
102,400
112,640
123,904
136,295
149,924
164,917
181,409
199,549
219,504
241,455
265,600
292,160
321,376
353,514
388,865
$388,865
$(8,000)
$380,865
jYk df invysL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
irtfiermYNt vyly kImq
mnPI kuwl Xogdfn
kuwl lfB
vfDf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,100
2,310
3,641
5,105
6,716
8,487
10,436
12,579
14,937
17,531
20,384
23,523
26,975
30,772
34,950
39,545
44,599
50,159
56,275
63,002
70,403
78,543
87,497
97,347
108,182
120,100
133,210
147,631
163,494
180,943
200,138
221,252
244,477
270,024
298,127
329,039
$329,039
$(35,000)
$294,039
bcq dy vsIly
bYNkF, bImf kMpnIaF, kRYizt XUnIanF, kYisjL pfpulyairjL,
trwst kMpnIaF, bRokryj PrmF, aqy imAUcUal PMz
kMpnIaF, sB quhfzy pYsy dI bcq leI cMgf sfDn hn.
quhfnUM ienHF dIaF vYWb-sfeItF vyK ky, ienHF vwloN lgfey
gey sYmInfr lgf ky, jF ienHF dIaF smfcfr-pwiqRkfvF jF
bRosLrF nUM vyK ky ienHF ivwcoN hr iewk bfry, aqy ienHF dIaF
pysLksF bfry, vDyry jfxkfrI hfsl krnI cfhIdI hY|
hyTF kuwJ vYWbsfeItF idwqIaF geIaF hn ijwQy quhfnUM ivwqI
muwidaF bfry quhfzy afm svflF, aqy bYNikMg, aqy kYisjL
pfpulyairjL bfry quhfzy ivsLysL svflF dy jvfb hfsl krn
ivwc mdd iml skdI hY|
Bank of America (bYNk afPL amYirkf):
www.bankofamerica.com
bcq krnf CyqI sLurU kr idAu
pihly pMny qy idwqf cfrt drsfAuNdf hY ik jldI pYsy joVnf
afrMB krnf ikMnHF mhwqvpUrx hY.
Audfhrx vjoN, sujLyn aqy jYk, dovF ivwcoN hr jxf hr
sfl 1,000 zflr (hr mhIny 83[33 zflr jF hr hPqy
19[23 zflr) bcfAuNdf hY aqy dovyN hI bcq kIqy pYsy AuWqy
10% ivafj hfsl krdy hn. sujLyn 22 sfl dI Aumr ivwc
pYsf bcfAuxf afrMB krdI hY aqy 30 sfl ivwc ht jFdI
hY. jYk 30 sfl dI Aumr ivwc sLurU krdf hY aqy 65 sfl
dI Aumr ivwc ht jFdf hY. quhfnUM lwgdf hovygf ik 65 sfl
dI Aumr hox qy jYk kol sujLyn nfloN vDyry pYsf hovygf. Aus
ny 35 sfl bcq kIqI hovygI aqy sujLyn ny isrP awT sfl.
pr Aus kol vDyry pYsf nhIN hovygf. sujLyn kol hovygf. ikAuN
ik sujLyn ny jYk nfloN CotI Aumr ivwc bcq krnI sLurU kr
idwqI sI aqy Aus vwloN afpxI bcq Xojnf ivwc pfey pYsy dy
vDx leI vDyry smF sI.
ies Audfhrx ivwc sujLyn ny isrP 8,000 zflr dI bcq
kIqI. pr 65 sfl dI Aumr qk Aus dI bcq qy 380,000
zflr ivafj pY jFdf hY. dUjy pfsy, jYk ny afpxy 65vyN
jnm idn qk 35,000 zflr bcq kIqI. pr Auh ies
pYsy AuWqy isrP 294,00 zflr hI ivafj lY skygf. ieh
sujLyn dy pYsy nfloN 86,826 zflr Gwt hY aqy Aus ny sujLyn
nfloN 27 sfl vDyry pYsy dI bcq kIqI. ikAuNik Aus ny pYsf
bcfAuxf AunHIN CotI Aumr ivwc sLurU nhIN kIqf ijMnHI CotI
Aumr ivwc sujLyn ny kIqf, jYk kdI vI Aus dy brfbr nhIN
phuMc sikaf.
Canadian Bankers Association (kYnyzIan bYNkrjL
aYsosIeysLn): www.cba.ca
CIBC (sI[afeI[bI[sI[): www.cibc.com
Citizen’s Bank of Canada (istIjLnjL bYNk afPL
kYnyzf): www.citizensbank.ca
Financial Consumer Agency of Canada
(PfeInYNisLal kMijLAUmrjL eyjMsI afPL kYnyzf):
www.fcac-acfc.gc.ca
Home Trust Company (hom trwst kMpnI):
www.hometrust.ca
La Federation des caisses Desjardins du
Quebec (il PYzryisAuN iz kYsy izjfrzIN zU kubYk):
www.desjardins.com
Laurentian Bank of Canada (lorYNsLIan bYNk afPL
kYnyzf): www.laurentianbank.com
Royal Bank of Canada (rfiel bYNk afP kYnyzf):
www.royalbank.com
TD Canada Trust (tI[zI[ kYnyzf trwst):
www.tdcanadatrust.com
The Bank of Nova Scotia (d bYNk afPL novf skosL):
www.scotiabank.ca
U.S. Bank National Association (“US Bancorp.)
(XU[aYWs[bYNk nYsLnl aYsosIeysLn -“XU[aYWs[ bYNkorp[”):
www.usbank.com
Vancouver City Savings Credit Union (vYnkUvr
istI syivMgjL kRYizt XUnIan): www.vancity.com
9
AuDfr
awj dI dunIaF ivwc AuDfr inwq dI ijLMdgI df ihwsf hY. kfr
ikrfey qy lYx qoN lY ky hvfeI sPr leI itkt jF hotl df
kmrf buwk krvfAx qk, asIN AuDfr krdy hF. AuDfr dI
vrqoN sUJ nfl krnf AuDfr df iewk Tos ieiqhfs isrjx
aqy afpxy-afp nUM ivwqI musLklF qoN bfhr rwKx leI jLrUrI
hY.
AuDfr kI hY?
AuDfr dIaF iksmF aqy vsIly
iewk-iksLq AuDfr
iewk-iksLq df AuDfr (jo jn-AupXogI syvfvF vflIaF
kMpnIaF aqy kuwJ prcUn-ivkRyqf pysL krdy hn) krn vyly
cIjLF aqy syvfvF bdly iewk hI adfiegI ivwc, imwQy smyN
aMdr, KrId qoN bfad, Bugqf idwqy jFdy hn. ies qrHF dy
AuDfr nfl afm qOr qy ivafj nhIN vsUilaf jFdf.
iksLqF ivwc AuDfr
iksLqF ivwc AuDfr vyly, sfmfn jF syvfvF leI Bugqfn do
jF vDyry brfbr rfsLI dIaF bfkfiedf qOr qy inXq iksLqF
ivwc kIqf jFdf hY. Bugqfn dI rfsLI ivwc ivafj vI igx
ilaf jFdf hY. jo vI koeI AuDfr dyvy (kfr zIlrisLwp jF
AupkrxF df stor), Auh bfkfiedf Bugqfn leI iewk
kfrj-kRm inrDfirq kr idMdf hY.
KpqkfrF nUM idwqy jfx vfly krjL
Kpqkfr nUM krjLf dyx vyly sLfhUkfr (ijvyN koeI bYNk jF
kRYizt XUinan) iksy Kpqkfr nUM iksy Kfs mksd leI
AuDfr idMdf hY. Kpqkfr AuDfr nUM bfkfiedgI nfl iewk
kfrj-kRm muqfbk vfips moVx leI sihmq huMdf hY.
bdlvF krjLf
bdlvyN krjLy ivwc Kpqkfr nUM krjLf (Kfs kr ky prcUn
stor jF kRYizt kfrz jfrI krn vflI ivwqI sMsQf nUM)
bfkfiedf vkPy qy moVnf pYNdf hY. AunHF nUM Gwto-Gwt rkm
moVnI hI pYNdI hY, pr ijMnHf vI vDyry moVxf cfhux, Auh moV
skdy hn. bkfieaf rfsLI qy ivafj vsUl kIqf jFdf hY.
10
“C” awKr nfl sLurU hox vfly AuDfr dy
iqMn gux (The 3 Cs of Credit)
“C ” awKr nfl sLurU hox vfly AuDfr dy iqMn gux hn cirwqr
(Character), srmfieaf (Capital) aqy guMjfiesL
(Capacity). ieh Auh gux hn ijnHF dI vrqoN AuDfr dyx
vflf ieh PYslf krn leI vrqdf hY ik iksy nUM AuDfr
dyxf hY ik nhIN.
cirwqr
quhfzI AuDfr dI irport ivwc sLfiml quhfzy AuDfr dy
ieiqhfs (kRYizt ihstrI) df vyrvf AuDfr dyx vfly nUM ieh
pqf lgfAux ivwc mdd krdf hY ik kI qusIN iemfndfr ho
aqy AuDfr moVx leI kI quhfzy qy ivsLvfs kIqf jf skdf
hY| ieh PYslf krn ivwc sOiKafeI leI sLfhUkfr hyT ilKy
svfl puwC skdf hY:
•
•
•
•
kI qusIN pihlF kdI AuDfr dI vrqoN kIqI hY?
kI qusIN afpxy ibl vkq isr adf krdy ho?
kI quhfzI kRYizt irport cMgI hY?
kI qusIN cirwqr leI hvfly (AunHF lokF dy nfm jo sLfhUkfr
nUM dws skx ik qusIN iks qrHF dy ivakqI ho) dy skdy
ho?
• afpxy mOjUdf pqy qy qusIN ikMnHI dyr rhy ho?
• afpxI mOjUdf nOkrI qy qusIN ikMnHI dyr rhy ho?
srmfieaf
sLfhUkfr ieh vI jfxnf cfhygf ik kI quhfzy kol koeI
kImqI asfsy, ijvyN Gr, kfr jf bcq Kfqf, jf pYsy df
koeI invysL hY. Auh ieh svfl puwC skdy hn:
• krjL dI vfipsI surwiKaq krn leI quhfzy kol kI
jfiedfd hY?
• kI quhfzy kol koeI bcq Kfqf hY?
• kI qusIN ikqy pYsf lgfieaf hY?
• quhfzy vrqmfn krjLy
• kI qusIN afpxy krjLy vkq isr moVdy ho
• kI kdI iksy ivwqI sMsQf ny quhfzI krjLy dI drKfsq
nUM rwd kIqf hY
• jy kr lfgU hovy, quhfzy dIvflIeypn df ieiqhfs
guMjfiesL
ies df sMbMD krjLf moVn dI quhfzI guMjfiesL nfl hY.
sLfhUkfr jfxnf cfhygf ik kI qusIN nOkrIsLudf ho aqy ieMnHf
ku kmf lYNdy ho ijs nfl quhfzf AuDfr afsfnI nfl lih
jfvygf.
ies leI, sLfhUkfr quhfnUM hyT ilKy svfl puwC skdf hY:
• kI quhfzy kol koeI pwkI nOkrI hY? jy hY, qF qnKfh
ikMnHI hY?
• qusIN hor ikMnHf ku AuDfr lfhuxf hY?
• ies vyly quhfzy rihx df Krc ikMnHf hY?
• ies vyly quhfzy isr AuDfr ikMnHf hY?
• quhfzy ikMnHy afisLRq (hor lokIN, ijvyN bwcy, jo quhfzI
afmdn qy inrBr krdy hox) hn?
AuDfr dI irportF ivwc kI iliKaf huMdf hY?
jy kr qusIN kdI bYNk qoN krjL ilaf hY, mfrgyj leI hY
jF kRYizt kfrz ilaf hY, quhfzf AuDfr df ieiqhfs mOjUd
hY. ieh jfxkfrI kRYizt ibAUro koloN iewk “kRYizt irport”
nfmI dsqfvyj ivwc hfsl kIqI jf skdI hY.
kYnyzf ivwc iqMn muwK kRYizt ibAUro hn: iekUeIPYks kYnyzf
ieMk; nfrdrn kRYizt ibAUrojL ieMk, aqy trFsXUnIan
kYnyzf.
AuDfr dyx vfly adfry, ijvyN ivwqI sMsQfvF aqy prcUn
ivkRyqf, quhfzI kRYizt irport vyK ky ieh PYslf krn
ivwc mdd lY skdy hn ik kI quhfzI AuDfr dI drKfsq
nUM mnjLUr krnf hY jF nhIN. qusIN afpxI kRYizt irport nUM
kRYizt ibAUro ivKy ieh XkInI bxfAux leI vyK skdy ho ik
kI ies ivwc idwqI jfxkfrI shI vI hY. ieh XkInI bxfAux
leI ik ies ivwc idwqI sfrI jfxkfrI drusq hovy, afpxI
kRYizt irport nUM hr vrHy vyKxf iewk cMgI afdq hY.
kRYizt irport ivwc quhfzy bfry buinafdI sLnfKqI jfxkfrI,
ijvyN quhfzf nfm aqy pqf, huMdI hY| ies ivwc quhfzf sLosLl
iensLorYNs nMbr aqy hyT ilKI jfxkfrI vI sLfiml ho skdI
hY:
• qusIN ikwQy rihMdy ho
• quhfzy rojLgfr df ieiqhfs
11
AuDfr dI imxqI ikvyN kIqI jFdI hY?
iewk kRYizt irport ies gwl dI irport hY ik qusIN afpxy
ibl ikMnHy vkq isr dy idMdy ho|
hr kRYizt ibAUro ies bfry jfxkfrI iekwTI krdf hY ik
quhfzy ikMnHy bYNk Kfqy KulHy hn, AunHF ivwc ikMnHy pYsy pey
hn aqy AuDfr dI ikMnHI hwd imwQI geI hY, aqy kI kdI vI
quhfnUM AuDfr moVn ivwc musLkl afeI hY. ies ivwc ieh vI
dwisaf hovygf ik kI kdI quhfnUM afpxy ivwqI mfmilaF bfry
kfnUMnI jF tYks sMbMDI koeI musLikl afeI hY.
mYN kRYizt irport ikvyN pVHF?
iqMnF muwK kRYizt ibAUroaF ivwcoN hr iewk dI kRYizt irport
dUjy dI irport nfloN jLrf ku vwKrI huMdI hY. quhfzI kRYizt
irport ivwc ikMnHy hI sfry gupq sMkyq (koz) huMdy hn. quhfnUM
irport dy nfl hI iewk pirBfisLk sLbdfvlI vI imlygI ijs
ivwc zI[aYWl[ey[ (zyt lfst aYktIivtI jF afKrI kfrvfeI
kIqy jfx dI qfrIK), aqy E[pI[zI[ (afrzrlI pymYNt afPL
zYt jF krjL df bfkfiedgI nfl cukfieaf jfxf) vrgI
sMkyqk sLbdfvlI nMU ibafn kIqf huMdf hY. ies nUM pVH ky pqf
lgfAuxf ik irportr ivwc asl ivwc kI iliKaf hoieaf hY,
bVf mhwqvpUrx huMdf hY.
quhfnUM ies gwl dI hYrfnI ho skdI hY ik ikMnHIaF kMpnIaF
quhfzI ADfr dI jfxkfrI dI jFc krdIaF hn. pr Xfd
rwKo, hr vfrI jdoN qusIN AuDfr leI drKfsq idMdy ho, ieh
quhfzy irkfrz qy cVH jFdI hY. so jdoN qusIN kfr leI Bfa
puwCdy iPrdy ho jF iksy izpfrtmYNt stor dy kfrz leI
drKfsq idMdy ho, zIlrisLwp aqy prcUn-ivkRyqf quhfzy
bfry puwC-pVqfl kr skdy hn aqy ieh quhfzy irkfrz qy
cVH jfvygI. keI vfrI koeI sLfhUkfr isrP ies kr ky hI
iksy dI bynqI mMnx qoN ienkfr kr skdf hY ik Auh AuDfr
leI bVI jgHf arjLIaf idMdy rhy hn aqy AunHF nUM nFh hI
huMdI rhI hY.
afpxI kRYizt irport dI hr vrHy jFc krn nfl quhfnUM
ies qrHF dI puwC-pVqfl jF KfiqaF qy awK rwKx ivwc vI
mdd imlygI ijnHF nUM qusIN pihcfxdy nhIN. aijhI puwCpVqfl jF nvyN Kfqy jo quhfzy nhIN hn, ies gwl df sMkyq
ho skdy hn ik koeI hor quhfzf Kfqf vrq irhf hY.
kRYizt irport dI iewk Audfhrx
12
kRYizt kfrz
afpxIaF ijLMdgIaF dy iksy nf iksy mukfm qy, sfzy ivwcoN
bhuqy jxy AuDfr lYNdy hn. BfvyN quhfzI mfrgyj jF kfr
lon nf vI hovy, jy kr qusIN kRYizt kfrz vrqdy ho, qusIN
iPr vI AuDfr lY rhy ho.
asl gwl qF ieh hY ik pYsf AuDfr lYx df sB qoN sOKf
qrIkf kRYizt kfrz hn. Audfhrx vjoN, kRYizt kfrzF nfl
Kpqkfr vsqF KrId skdy hn aqy ienHF leI Bugqfn
bfad ivwc kr skdy hn. ikAuN ik ieh iewk shUlq hY, hr
mhIny bkfieaf pUrf nf adf krn dI sUrq ivwc Auh Aus
ivwqI adfry nUM ivafj adf krdy hn ijs ny AunHF nUM ieh
kfrz jfrI kIqf sI.
hflF ik kRYizt kfrz shUlq aqy BrosyXogqf muhweIaf krdy
hn, kuwJ gwlF kYRizt kfrz dI vrqoN vyly mn ivwc rwKxIaF
cfhIdIaF hn.
jdoN ik kRYizt kfrz AunHF ivakqIaF nUM, ijhVy hr mhIny
afpxf sfrf bkfieaf adf kr idMdy hn, iewk ivafj-rihq
krjLf idMdy hn, ijhVy nhIN adf krdy AunHF nUM kuwJ ivafj
dyxf pY skdf hY. aqy jy kr shI qrIky nfl ies dI dyK-ryK
nf kIqI jfvy, kRYizt kfrz dI vrqoN keI vfrI hwQoN inkl
skdI hY. ies leI XkInI bxfAu ik qusIN kRYizt kfrz dI
vrqoN shI qrIky nfl krdy ho. ieh vI Xfd rwKo ik aksr,
kRYizt kfrzF AuWqy ivafj Ausy hI idn qoN pYxf sLurU ho jFdf hY
ijs idn qoN nkd AuDfr ilaf jFdf hY.
kRYizt kfrz 101
kRYizt kfrzF dy Pfiedy hn, aqy jdoN sUJ nfl vrqy jfx,
iewk jLrUrI ivwqI aOjLfr bx jFdy hn.
koeI kRYizt kfrz rwKx dy keI Pfiedy hn. kRYizt kfrz
nfl luVINdIaF vsqF qwq-Pwt KrIdxf sMBv ho jFdf hY
aqy jdoN qk qusIN bkfieaf qfrIK qk afpxf bkfieaf
cuwkf idMdy ho, ienHF nfl iewk “ivafj-rihq” krjL lYxf
vI sMBv ho jFdf hY.
jy kr quhfnUM ikqy pYisaF dI aYmrjYNsI loV pY jfvy qF
kRYizt kfrz iewk surwiKafqmk sfDn vI bxdy hn; ieh
cYWk ilKx nfloN sOKf qrIkf hn, ienfmI puafieMt pysL
krdy hn ijnHF bdly qusIN Auqpfdn jF syvfvF hfsl kr
skdy ho, aqy quhfzy leI ieMtrnYWt jF Pon qy Auqpfdn jF
syvfvF KrIdxf sMBv krdy hn.
ikAuN ik dunIaF Br ivwc qusIN ijwQy vI jfAu, ieh hr jgHf
mnjLUr kIqy jFdy hn, aqy sPr dOrfn quhfnUM sQfnk
pYsf muhweIaf kr ky kRYizt kfrz sPr krnf afsfn bxf
idMdy hn| aqy afKIr ivwc, kRYizt kfrz dyxdfrI-rihq
(jLIro lfieibibltI) nIqIaF kfrx quhfnUM PflqU surwiKaf
muhweIaf krdy hn|
kfrzF dy ivklp
kRYizt kfrz KpqkfrF nMU AuqpfdnF jF syvfvF bdly
Bugqfn huxy jF Pyr krn df aKiqafr idMdy hn. jy kr
Kpqkfr afpxI sfrI rkm df Bugqfn bkfieaf imqI qk
krn leI pUrf qfx lfAuNdy hn, Kpqkfr ies syvf df
Pfiedf ibnf ivafj qoN lY skdy hn.
kRYizt kfrz dI cox krn vyly kYnyzf-vfsIaF kol bhuq
vMngI hY. Cy sO qoN vI vDyry sMsQfvF (bhuqf kr ky bYNkF,
kRYizt XUnIanF aqy kYisjL pfpUlyairjL) kRYizt kfrz jfrI
krdIaF hn aqy lfBF, ivafj dIaF drF aqy PIsF dI iewk
ivsLfl vMngI pysL krdy hn.
kfrzF dIaF iksmF
moty qOr qy, kRYizt kfrz iqMn iksmF dy huMdy hn. ieh
iksmF hn: bYNkF vwloN jfrI kIqy kfrz (ijvyN VISA® aqy
MasterCard) prcUn-ivkRyqfvF dy kfrz (ijvyN The
Bay aqy Sears) aqy sPr/ mnorMjn vfly kfrz, ijnHF
nUM cfrj kfrz vI ikhf jFdf hY.
13
bYNk kfrz
Kpqkfr ivafj aqy sflfnf PIs dIaF vwK-vwK drF vfly
bYNk kfrzF dI iewk vwzI vMngI ivwcoN afpxI psMd cux
skdy hn. keIaF dIaF sflfnf PIsF dUijaF nfloN vDyry
hudIaF hn. keIaF dI sflfnf PIs iblkul vI nhIN huMdI|
keI ienfmI XojnfvF pysL krdy hn, ijs ivwc quhfzy vwloN
afpxy kfrz rfhIN kIqI hr KrId AuWqy quhfnUM pafieMt
imldy hn. qusIN ienHF puafieMtF bdly Auqpfdn jF syvfvF,
ijvyN hvfeI itktF jF iPlmF dy igPt srtIiPkyt, hfsl
kr skdy ho.
bYNkF dy krYizt kfrzF dIaF ivafj dIaF drF aqy PIsF
vI alwg-alwg huMdIaF hn. kYnyzIan ivwqI sMsQfvF
qkrIbn 9% qoN lY ky 20% qk ivafj, aqy 165 zflr
qk sflfnf PIs vsUl krdIaF hn|
afm qOr qy, ienfmI kfrzf dI ivafj dI dr vDyry huMdI
hY, pr Auh KpqkfrF leI kImqF ivwc CotF aqy ienfmF
vrgIaF KUbIaF vI pysL krdy hn.
prcUn dy (rItyl) kfrz
ies qrHF dy kfrz afm qOr qy Ausy hI izpfrtmYNt stor
jF prcUn-ivkRyqf vwloN svIkfry jFdy hn ijhVy ienHF nUM
jfrI krdy hn. ieh afm qOr qy bYNk vwloN jfrI kfrzF
nfloN vDyry ivafj – 24% qoN lY ky 28[8% qk – vsUl
krdy hn. rItyl kfrzF dI afm qOr qy koeI sflfnf PIs
nhIN huMdI. ies qrHF dy kfrzF df Pfiedf afm qOr qy ieho
hI huMdf hY ik Auh keI vfrI kImqF ivwc keI qrHF dI Cot
jF ienfmI pRogrfm pysL krdy hn jo isrP ienHF kfrzF dy
DfrkF leI hI AuplbD huMdy hn.
sPr/ mnorMjn (cfrj) kfrz
ieh kfrz afm qOr qy ibnf iksy hwd qoN AuDfr pysL krdy
hn. ienHF nfl aksr ienfmI XojnfvF juVIaF huMdIaF
hn. pr cfrj kfrzF dIaF aksr bYNk kfrzF nfloN
vDyry sflfnf PIsF huMdIaF hn. kfrz-DfrkF nUM hr mhIny
afpxf sfrf bkfieaf lfjLmI qOr qy adf krnf pYNdf hY
aqy hor kfrzF dy mukfbly aksr AunHF nUM ivafj dI vDyry
dr adf krnI pYNdI hY.
14
kYnyzf dI PfeInYNisLal kMijLAUmr eyjMsI kYnyzIan lokF nUM
afpxy “kRYizt kfrzjL aYNz XU” vsIly rfhIN kRYizt kfrz
dy ivklpF df iewk ivafpk sfr muhweIaf krdI hY| vDyry
jfxkfrI leI w w.fcac.gc.ca vyKo|
kfrz dI cox krnf
kI ieh iewk shUlq hY?
bhuq sfry Kpqkfr afpxy kRYizt kfrzF dy bkfieaF nUM
hr mhIny pUrI qrHF lfh idMdy hn. Auh kRYizt kfrzF dI
vrqoN hr mhIny ieh vyKx leI krdy hn ik AunHF df
pYsf ikwQy Kricaf jf irhf hY. Auh ienHF nUM ies leI vI
vrqdy hn ikAuN ik kRYizt kfrz nfl pYsy dyxf jyb ivwc
coKI nkdI rwKx df iPkr krn nfloN sOKf hY. ienHF lokF
vfsqy kRYizt kfrz dy ivafj dI dr bhuqI mhwqvpUrx
nhIN huMdI. vDyry mhwqvpUrx qF sflfnf PIs aqy kfrz
dIaF KUbIaF huMdIaF hn.
kI qusIN agyqI XojnfbMdI krdy ho?
keI kRYizt kfrz pihly kuwJ mhIny ivafj dI Gwt dr pysL
krdy hn. ieh AunHF lokF leI ijhVy koeI vwzI KrId kr
ky Ptf-Pt Bugqfn krnf cfhuMdy hn, AunHF leI hn. pr
quhfnUM ienHF qoN Kbrdfr rihxf cfhIdf hY ikAuN ik ienHF
kfrzF qy ivafj dIaf drF QoVy smyN leI hI Gwt huMdIaF
hn.
kI qusIN bkfieaf rwKxf cfhuMdy ho?
keI kRYizt kfrz vrqx vfly hr mhIny afpxy kRYizt
kfrz qy ilaf AuDfr vfips nhIN moVdy. jy kr qusIN kfrz
qy bkfieaf rwKxf cfhuMdy ho, quhfzy leI ivafj dI sB qoN
Gwt dr vfly kfrz dI Bfl krnf jLrUrI hY| ies qrHF qusIN
hr mhIny adf kIqy jfx vfly ivafj dI imkdfr ivwc
ktOqI kr lvoNgy. pr jy kr quhfzf aOsq bkfieaf 1,000
zflr qoN Gwt hY, iPr sflfnf PIs qy ingfh rwKo. keI vfrI
kRYizt kfrz dI sflfnf PIs ijMnHf ivafj qusIN sfry sfl
ivwc dyxf hY, Aus nfloN vI vDyry ho skdI hY. jy kr qusIN
bkfey dI rfsLI CotI hI rwKxf cfhuMdy ho, koeI ies qrHF df
kfrz Kojo ijs qy koeI sflfnf PIs nf hovy aqy ivafj dI
dr quhfnUM imlx vfilaF ivwcoN sB qoN Gwt hovy.
AuDfr df muwl
nvIN KrIdfrI
jy kr qusIN adfiegI dI imqI qk afpxy kRYizt kfrz
qy bkfieaf rfsLI df Bugqfn kr idMdy ho, quhfnUM kdI vI
ivafj nhIN dyxf pvygf. kYnyzf ivwc, bYNkF vwloN jfrI kIqy
kfrzF dy kuwl Dfrk ivwcoN qkrIbn 71% afpxf bkfieaf
hmysLf jF bhuqI vfrI adf kr idMdy hn.
pihlF kIqI KrIdfrI
jdoN qusIN afpxf kRYizt kfrz vrqdy hoN qF asl ivwc
qusIN afpxy ivwqI adfry qoN afpxI KrIdfrI leI AuDfr lY
rhy ho. ies bdly bYNk quhfzy qoN ivafj jF sflfnf PIs
vrgIaF hor PIsF vsUl kr skdf hY.
jy kr qusIN bkfieaf qfrIK qk afpxy kRYizt kfrz qy
bkfieaf rfsLI df Bugqfn nhIN krdy, quhfzy kfrz qy
lgfieaf jfx vflf ivafj ies gwl qy inrBr krygf
ik kI quhfzy kfrz qy bkfieaf rfsLI iksy nvIN KrIdfrI
kfrx hY, iksy ies qrHF dI cIjL kfrx hY jo qusIN pihlF
KrIdI sI aqy ijs dy pYsy kdI vI nhIN idwqy, koeI nkd
rfsLI AuDfr lYx kfrx hY, jF koeI bkfieaf qbdIl kIqy
jfx kfrx hY.
nvIN KrIdfrI df mqlb hY Auh vsqF jo quhfzI mhInfvfr
stytmYNt qy pihlI vfr njLr afAux. keI mfmilaF ivwc
aijhIaF KrIdfrIaF AuWqy kuwJ smyN leI ho skdf hY ik
koeI vI ivafj nf lgfieaf jfvy. kRYizt kfrz nfl afm
qOr qy imlx vfly ivafj-rihq smyN bfry afpxy bYNk nUM
puwCo|
ies qrHF dIaF KrIdfrIaF vI ho skdIaF hn jo quhfzI
pihlI stytmYNt qy vI njLr afeIaF hox pr ijnHF df qusIN
hfly Bugqfn krnf hY. ienHF qy ijs idn qoN qusIN KrIdfrI
kIqI hY, Ausy idn qoN hI ivafj vsUl kIqf jfxf sLurU ho
jFdf hY (jF ijs idn qoN ieh pihlI vfrI quhfzI stytmYNt
qy njLr afAuNdIaF hn) qy jd qk qusIN pUrI qrHF ienHF df
Bugqfn nhIN kr idMdy.
nkdI df AuDfr aqy bkfieaf rfsLI df qbfdlf
nkdI df AuDfr asl ivwc quhfzy bYNk jF ey[tI[aYWm[ rfhIN
quhfzy kRYizt kfrz akfAUNt ivwc pYsy df vsUl kIqf jfxf
15
hY| bkfieaf rfsLI dy qbfdly df mqlb hY iksy iewk kRYizt
kfrz dI kRYizt lfeIn qoN pYsy lY ky iksy dUjy, afm qOr qy
vDyry ivafj vfly kRYizt kfrz, dy bkfey nUM cuwkf dyxf huMdf
hY. aksr, ivafj dI Gwt dr vfly bkfey dy qbfdly dI
pysLksL QoVy smyN leI hI huMdI hY.
kRYizt kfrzF dI dunIaF ivwc, nkdI AuDfr dyx aqy bkfey
dy qbfdly nUM krjL mMinaf jFdf hY, KrIdfrI nhIN. ijs
idn qoN qusIN nkdI AuDfr lYNdy ho jF bkfey df qbfdlf
krdy ho, Ausy idn qoN quhfzy qoN krjL vsUilaf jFdf hY.
ivafj df ihsfb lgfAux df qrIkf
jdoN quhfnUM kfrz dyx vflf ivwqI adfrf ivafj df
ihsfb krdf hY, ieh afm qOr qy do qrIikaF nfl
kIqf jFdf hY:
• “rojLfnf aOsq bkfey” dy qrIky nfl
• “rojLfnf bkfey” dy qrIky nfl
rojLfnf aOsq bkfey df qrIkf
quhfzy kRYizt kfrz qy rojLfnf aOsq bkfieaf Auh hY ijhVf
ibl vkPy dOrfn Aus qy rwKy gey bkfey (quhfzy ipCly ibl
qoN lY ky hux vfly ibl qk) nUM vkPy ivcly idnF dI igxqI
nfl qksIm kr ky hfsl huMdf hY. iksy mhIny vsUl kIqy
gey ivafj df ihsfb lfAux leI ivwqI adfry afm qOr
qy rojLfnf aOsq bkfey nUM ivafj dI rojLfnf dr nfl guxf
krdy hn. iPr Auh nqIjy nUM ibl dy vkPy ivcly idnF dI
igxqI nfl jLrb dy idMdy hn.
rojLfnf bkfey df qrIkf
ivafj df ihsfb lfAux df qrIkf ibl dy vkPy dy hr
idn dy aKIr qy bkfieaf ivafj nUM igxdf hY. ieh rojLfnf
aOsq bkfey dy qrIky nfloN vwKrf hY ijs ivwc ihsfb isrP
mhIny dy aKIr qy hI lgfieaf jFdf hY. rojLfnf ivafj df
ihsfb lgfAux leI bYNk quhfzy Kfqy ivcly bkfey nUM rojLfnf
ivafj dI dr nfl jLrb dy idMdy hn aqy iPr hr idn dy
ihsfb df kuwl kr ky mhIny dI kuwl rkm kwZ lYNdy hn.
16
hor PIsF
kfrz jfrI krn vfly keI adfry kfrz leI sflfnf PIs
vsUl krdy hn. ieh Auh rkm ijhVI quhfnUM kfrz hfsl
krn vyly, aqy hr sfl jdoN ieh nivafieaf jFdf hY, adf
krnI hI pYNdI hY| keI bYNk adfiegI dyr nfl krn, nkdI
AuDfr lYx, jF afpxI AuDfr dI hwd qoN vDyry Krc krn dI
vI PIs lYNdy hn| afpxf kfrz dy Dfrk vflf iekrfrnfmf
cMgI qrHF pVo qF jo quhfnUM ies dIaF sfrIaF sLrqF bfry
jfxkfrI hovy.
"mhIny dy 50 zflr" dI qfkq
BfvyN quhfnUM hr mhIny afpxy kRYizt kfrz qy sfrf bkfieaf
cukfAux dI loV nhIN huMdI, quhfnUM kuwJ nf kuwJ adf krnf
hI cfhIdf hY. ies nUM “Gwto-Gwt adfiegI” (imnImm
pymYNt) afiKaf jFdf hY. keI vfrI lokF nUM pqf nhIN lwgdf
ik jy kr Auh ieMnHf hI cukfAuNdy rihx qF AunHF nUM afpxf
krjL Auqfrn leI ikMnHf vkq lwg jfvygf. jy kr qusIN
ies Gwto-Gwt adfiegI qoN QoVf ijhf – ijvyN 50 zflr
hI vDyry – ijLafdf dy skdy hovoN, qF ies nfl qusIN ikMnHI
CyqI afpxf sfrf krjL cukf skdy ho, ivwc kfPI Prk pY
skdf hY.
"50 zflr kI kr skdy hn" dI iewk Audfhrx
Audfhrx vjoN, quhfzy kol 3,000 zflr bkfey vflf iewk
kRYizt kfrz hY, aqy Aus AuWqy sflfnf ivafj 18% hY.
ipClI stytmYNt imlx qoN bfad qusIN kuwJ vI nhIN KrIddy
aqy Gwto-Gwt 2% dy ihsfb nfl mhIny dI 60 zflr df
hI moVdy ho. ies dr qy quhfzf bkfieaf mukMml qOr qy
Bugqfey jfx leI awT sfl lwg jfxgy, aqy qusIN kuwl
5,780 zflr (sfry ivafj smyq) adf kIqy hoxgy. so, hr
mhIny isrPL Gwto-Gwt iksLq adf krn df mqlb hovygf
mUl krjL qoN duwgxI rkm adf krnf.
pr jy kr qusIN afpxI Gwto-Gwt iksLq ivwc mhIny dy 50
zflr ijLafdf pf idMdy ho, ies nfl bhuq ijLafdf Prk pY
jFdf hY. mhIny dI Gwto-Gwt iksLq 60 zflr dI jgHf 110
zflr kr dyx nfl krjL df Bugqfn awDy qoN Gwt smyN ivwc
ho jfvygf. isrP iqMn sflF dy ivwc-ivwc quhfzf 3,000
zflr df bkfieaf cukfieaf jfvygf. aqy qusIN 1,800
zflr ivafj dyx qoN vI bc jfvogy.
mhIny dy isrP 50 zflr, ijvyN asIN vyK hI rhy hF, iewk
kfPI qfkqvr cIjL ho inbVdy hn. jLrf soco, mhIny dy
100 zflr kI kr dyxgy.
vsIly
gOr kIqy jfx leI AuDfr bfry kuwJ hor vsIly
Canadian Bankers Association (kYnyzIan
bYNkrjL aYsosIeysLn): www.cba.ca
Canadian Business Magazine Online:
www.canadianbusiness.com
CanLearn Interactive (kYnlrn ieMtraYkitv):
www.canlearn.ca
Credit Card Cost Calculators (kRYizt kfrz
kOst kYlkUlytrjL): www.strategis.gc.ca
Credit Counselling:(kRYizt kONsilMg) www.
creditcanada.com
Credit Reports Information (kRYizt irportjL
ienPrmysLn): www.equifax.ca
MoneySense Magazine Online:
www.moneysense.ca/index.html
Quicken Personal Finance (kuiekn prsnl
PfeInYNs): www.quicken.ca
“There’s Something About Money”:
www.yourmoney.cba.ca
Practical Money Skills: www.
practicalmoneyskills.ca
Equifax Canada (iekUeIPYks kYnyzf): www.
equifax.ca
TransUnion Canada (tRFs-XUnIan kYnyzf):
www.tuc.ca
Northern Credit Bureaus Inc. (nfrdrn
kRYizt ibAUrojL ieMk[):
www.creditbureau.ca
17
krjLf
krjLy df Bfr (zYt loz)
krjLy df Bfr kI huMdf hY?
krjLy df Bfr ies gwl nUM ibafn krn leI vrqI jFdy
sLbd hn ik iksy ivakqI qy ikMnHf ku krjLf hY. ies nUM
aksr ies gwl nUM smJx leI vriqaf jFdf hY ik quhfzyy
krjLy df Bfr “surwiKaq” jF vfijb vI hY. krjLf dyx vfly
ieh vyKdy hn ik quhfzI afmdn dy mukfbly quhfzy isr
krjL ikMnHf hY. ies nUM krjL/afmdn anupfq afiKaf jFdf
hY. krjL/afmdn anupfq df ihsfb mhInfvfr lgfieaf
jFdf hY. ies nfl krjLf dyx vfilaF nUM pqf lwg jFdf hY
ik quhfzI mfiek siQqI ikMnHI ku cMgI, jF mfVI, hY.
quhfzy ihsfb-ikqfb ivwcoN bfhr rih gey irhfiesLI krjL
bfry ieh pqf krn dy vwKo-vwK qrIky hn ik vfijb kI
hY. iewk Dfrxf ieh hY ik irhfiesLI krjL quhfzI sflfnf
afmdn df do qoN iqMn guxf hoxf cfhIdf hY. jy quhfzI
sflfnf GrylU afmdn 70,000 zflr hY, qF koeI mfrgyj
dyx vflf quhfnUM 210,000 zflr qk dy skdf hY.
pr isrP ies leI ik koeI sLfhUkfr quhfnUM koeI Kfs
rkm krjyL dy rUp ivwc dyx leI iqafr ho jFdf hY, ies
df mqlb ieh nhIN hY ik quhfnUM ieh lY lYxI cfhIdI hY.
quhfnUM asl ivwc afpxI krjLf moVx dI kfblIaq bfry
socxf cfhIdf hY|
irhfiesL, jn-AupXogI syvfvF, jF tYksF qoN ielfvf
afpxIaF sfrIaF mhInfvfr iksLqF joV ky qusIN ies
anupfq df ihsfb lgf skdy ho. ieh quhfzf mhInfvfr
krjLf hY. ies qoN bfad afpxI kuwl grOs (ktOqIaF
kIqy jfx qoN pihlf) sflfnf afmdn nUM 12 nfl Bfg kr
ky afpxI kuwl mhInfvfr afmdn kwZ lvo. iPr afpxy
mhInfvfr krjL nUM afpxI kuwLl mhInfvfr afmdn nfl
Bfg dy idAu. ieh quhfzf mhInfvfr gYr-irhfiesLI krjL
anupfq hY. ikAuN ik afm qOr qy ies nUM pRqI sLq ivwc
drsfieaf jFdf hY, ies leI dsLmlv nUM do ihMdsy swjy
vwl nUM kr idAu.
Audfhrx
• kuwl mhInfvfr afmdn
• mhInfvfr krjL
(kRYizt kfrz dIaF iksLqF, gYs df ibl, aqy kfr dIaF iksLqF)
$2,000
$500
afpxf krjL/afmdn anupfq kwZx leI afpxy
mhInfvfr krjL nUM afpxI kuwl mhInfvfr afmdn nfl
Bfr dy idAu: $500/ $2,000 = 0[25
quhfzf krjL/afmdn anupfq 25% hY|
qjrby qy afDfirq inXm
jy kr quhfzf gYr-irhfiesLI krjL 10% jF Gwt hY, qusIN
bVI vDIaf mfiek hflq ivwc ho. jy kr quhfzf gYrirhfiesLI krjL 10% qoN 20% hY qF quhfnUM krjL imlx
dI guMjfiesL hY. pr ijMnHf qusIN 20% dy njLdIk awpVdy
ho, AunHF hI qusIN krjLy dy vfijb Bfr dy aKIr vwl nUM jFdy
rihMdy ho.
18
28/36 df inXm
mfrgyj dyx vfilaF vwloN ieh vyKx leI ik quhfnUM ikMnHI
mfrgyj idwqI jfvy, 28/36 df inXm iewk hor qrIkf hY.
ies inXm muqfbk quhfzy vwloN hr mhIny adf kIqy jfx
vflI krjLy dI iksLq quhfzI kuwl mhInfvfr afmdn dy
28% qoN vDyry nhIN hoxI cfhIdI. aqy quhfzy vwloN krijLaF
dI adfiegI leI adf kIqI jfx vflI kuwl rkm – quhfzI
mfrgyj dI iksLq smyq – hr mhIny quhfzI kuwl mhInfvfr
afmdn dy 36% qoN vDyry nhIN hoxI cfhIdI.
quhfzI kImq kI hY?
asfsy
asfsy AunHF vsqF nUM ikhf jFdf hY jo quhfzI mlkIaq hn.
BfvyN qusIN AunHF qy krjL dyxf hovy, Auh asfsy hn.
ieh quhfzI kfr, Gr, aYNtrtynmYNt isstm, pYtIAu
PrnIcr, aqy kYNipMg igar vrgIaF vsqF ho skdIaf
hn. quhfzy asfisaF dI sUcI ivwc quhfzy bYNk KfiqaF
ivclI rfsLI, quhfzy btUey ivclI nkdI, aqy quhfzy invysL
vI sLfiml hn.
qusIN AuDfr ikwQoN lY skdy ho?
bhuqy Kpqkfr AuDfr bYNkF, trwst kMpnIaF, kYsy
pfpUlyairjL, kRYizt XUnIanF, aqy PfeInFs kMpnIaF qoN
lYNdy hn| ies qoN ielfvf, bhuq sfry lokIN irsLqydfrF jF
hor ivakqIaF qoN vI AuDfr lYNdy hn. qusIN ikqoN vI AuDfr
lvo, iewk dsqKq kIqf hoieaf aihdnfmf lYxf jLrUr Xfd
rwKo aqy PfeIn ipRMt jLrUr pVHo.
afpxy kuwl asfisaF dI kImq aFkx leI quhfnUM pqf hoxf
cfhIdf hY ik quhfzI sUcI ivclI hr cIjL df muwl kI hY.
iKafl kro ik qusIN iksy cIjL nUM ikMnHy ivwc vycoNgy – aqy
afpxy aMdfjLy iemfndfrI nfl lgfAuxf|
dyxdfrIaF (lfieibiltIjL)
jo qusIN vfips moVnf hY- smyq ivwqI AuDfr dy - Auh
quhfzIaF dyxdfrIaF hn| Audfhrx vjoN quhfzI dyxdfrI
quhfzI kfr dI kImq nhIN hY pr ivafj smyq kfr dy krjLy
dI vfips kIqI jfx vflI kuwl rkm hY| qusIN krjLy dIaF
moVIaF jfx vflIaF iksLqF dI igxqI nUM iksLq dI rkm
nfl guxf kr ky ies df ihsfb lgf skdy ho.
afdrsLk qOr qy quhfzy asfisaF dI sUcI quhfzIaF
dyxdfrIaF dI sUcI nfloN vwzI hoxI cfhIdI hY. jy kr ies
qrHF nhIN hY, qF ieh gwl mn ivwc rwKxf ik ieh aMkVy
Kfs Aus vyly vfsqy hI hn. hr cIjL – quhfzy asfsy aqy
quhfzIaF dyxdfrIaF – lgfqfr bdldy rihMdy hn.
AuDfr lYxf?
AuDfr lYx dIaF nIqIaF
jdoN qusIN pYsf AuDfr lYx bfry socdy ho, keI cIjLF bfry ivcfr
kr lYxf cfhIdf hY. qusIN hyT ilKIaF gwlF kr skdy hoxy
cfhIdy ho:
• alwg-alwg vsIilaF aqy AuDfr dyx vflIaF sMsQfvF
dI pihcfx krn dy
• AuplbD krijLaF dy vyrivaF dI smJ dy
• krjLy dI kImq kwZx dy Xog hox dy
• afpxI krjLy dI hwd pqf krn dy
icqfvnI dIaF insLfnIaF?
jdoN quhfnUM krjLy sMbMDI koeI musLkl pysL afvy, Aus df
iekbfl krnf bVf aOKf huMdf hY. ieh mMnxf bVf aOKf huMdf
hY ik qusIN afpxy KricaF dI Xojnf TIk nhIN sI bxfeI.
hyTF kuwJ insLfnIaF idwqIaF geIaF hn ijnHF qoN pqf lwgdf
hY ik qusIN musLkl vwl nUM vD rhy ho:
• ipCly mhIny dy ibl dyx qoN pihlF hI agly mhIny dy
ibl afAuxy sLurU ho jFdy hn.
• quhfnUM pqf nhIN hY ik quhfzy isr ikMnHf krjL hY
• purfxy krjLy moVn leI qusIN nvF krjL lYNdy ho
• hr mhIny qusIN isrPL Gwto-Gwt rfsLI hI moVdy ho
• qusIN krjLy qy afpxI Kfls (nYWt) afmdn df 20% qoN
vI vDyry lgfAuNdy ho
• inqfpRqI dy KricaF leI quhfnUM afpxI bcq KrcxI
pYNdI hY
• ijMnHy qusIN smJdy sI, ibl Aus qoN vDyry hn
• quhfnUM pqf hY ik “pfst-izAU” (qfrIK lMG jfx dy)
noits vyKx nUM ikwdF dy huMdy hn
• quhfnUM kRYizt kfrz dI stytmYNt qy “EvrizAU bYlYNs”
(bkfieaf Bugqfn) imldf hY
• qusIN icwTIaF KolHx qoN prhyjL krdy ho
• qusIN afpxI cYWkbuwk ivwc Kfqf clfAux leI sLfied hI
kdI koeI bkfieaf rwiKaf hovy
19
krjLy qoN mukq hoxf
afpxy krjLy dy Bfr nUM Gwt krnf
afpxy krjLy dy Bfr aqy krjL/afmdn anupfq nUM bdlx
dy do mhfn qrIky hn: Krc GtfAu aqy afmdn vDfAu.
jy vDIk kMm aqy afmdn afsfnI nfl AuplbD nhIN hn
qF Krc GtfAuxf krjLy dy Bfr nUM Gwt krn df sB qoN qyjL
qrIkf ho skdf hY| ies nUM afpxy pYsy dy pRbMD df apRysLn
hI smJo. pr ijAuN-ijAuN cMgyrI ivwqI ishq nfl qusIN TIk
huMdy jfvogy, qusIN vyKoNgy ik sMBv qOr qy quhfzf rvweIaf,
dUijaF nfl sMbMD, jjLbfq, aqy hfsf-mjLfk vI suDrdf
jfvygf.
cIjLF KrId-KrId ky qusIN afpxy krjLy dy Bfr nUM vDfeI
hI nhIN jfxf huMdf. Xfd rwKo, quhfnUM iksy stIrIE qy byhwd
sLfndfr sOdf iml skdf hY pr jy qusIN iqMn sfl qk ies
dy pYsy cukqf hI nhIN krny, sOdf kr ky bcfey pYsy quhfzy
iksy kMm nhIN.
idl dy afKy lwg ky KrIdfrI nf kro. idl dy afKy lwg ky
KrIdfrI krnf AunHF cIjLF bfry kihMdy hn ijnHF nUM KrIdx
df quhfzf ierfdf stor ivwc dfKl hox vyly iblkul vI
nhIN sI. quhfnUM hYrfnI hovygI ik ies df iKafl rwKx nfl
ikMnHf Prk pY skdf hY.
afpxf Kfxf pkfAuxf aqy kMm vflI QF qy lY jfxf iswKo.
iewk hPqf iksy rYstorYNt qoN Kfxf KrIdx aqy iewk hPqf
GroN lY jfx dI kImq ivwc mukfblf kr ky vyKo. qusIN ieh
Prk jfx ky hYrfn ho skdy ho. ienHF ivwcoN isrPL iewk
qbdIlI hI quhfnUM afpxI ivwqI hflq suDfrn leI iewk
qkVI sLurUafq dy skdI hY.
vDIk afmdn pYdf krn dy vsIilaF bfry soco: jF qF
koeI pfrt-tfeIm kMm jF vDyry pYsf dyx vflI koeI muwK
nOkrI.
ibl Augrfhux vfilaF nfl gwl krnf
dyr krn nfloN CyqI gwl kr lvo
20
iksy ibl Augrfhux vfly vwloN Pon kIqy jfx dI AuzIk nf
kro. jdoN quhfnUM ivwqI musLklF hox, afpxy krjLdfqfvF nfl
ijMnI jldI ho sky, gwl kr lYxf mhwqvpUrx hY. ikAu?
ikAuN ik quhfzy krjLdfr Aus vyly quhfzy qoN vDyry pYsf vsUl
kr rhy ho skdy hn. quhfzIaF ivwqI musLklF nUM BulfAux dI
bjfey ienHF df qurMq hwl kIqy jfx nfl quhfzI gwl vDyry
gMBIrqf nfl suxI jfvygI.
AugrfhI krn vfilaF nfl gwl ikvyN krIey?
ibl Augrfhux vfly df kMm hY quhfnUM afpxf sfrf bkfieaf
jldI qoN jldI dyx leI kihxf. ieh iKafl ivwc rwKdy
hoey, ienHF nukiqaF nUM Xfd rwKxf:
• afpxy hosL nf gvfAu
• jy kr smF ZukvF nf hovy, AugrfhI krn vfly df nMbr
lvo, aYpuafieMtmYNt bxfAu aqy muV Pon kro
• afpxy krjLy dy vyrvy iqafr rwKo
• afpxI vrksLIt dI jfxkfrI Pon dy nyVy rwKo qF ik
cusqI nfl gwl kr skoN
• afpxy krjLy nfl inptx bfry suJfAux leI koeI Xojnf
iqafr rwKo
• ibl Augrfhux vfly dy suJfvF nUM suxo
• jy kr iksy Kfs ibl Augrfhux vfly nfl ivhfr krn
ivwc musLkl af rhI hY, dUjy nfl ivhfr krn leI
bynqI kro
jy quhfzy vwloN pYsy moVny bxdy nhIN hn
AugrfhI krn vfly nUM dwso ik qusIN krjLy dI hoNd qoN
“ienkfrI” (izsipAUitMg) ho. AugrfhI krn vfly nUM pwqr
ilKo aqy ijMnHI jldI ho sky, iewk nkl krjL dyx vfly
mUl ivakqI jF adfry nUM Byj idAu aqy dwso ik qusIN krjLy
qoN ienkfrI ikAuN ho. afpxf nfm, Kfqy df nMbr, bkfey dI
rfsLI, aqy afpxy dfavy df sbUq nfl ilKo.
jy qusIN kuwJ pYsy dyxy hn:
• AugrfhI krn vfly nUM dwso ik qusIN kuwJ pYsy dyxy hn aqy
krjLy dy kuwJ ihwsy qoN “ienkfrI” ho
• ijMnHf qusIN dyxf hY, qurMq adf kr idAu, jF AugrfhI
krn vfly nfl gwl kro ik bkfieaf rfsLI qusIN ikvyN
adf kroNgy
• AugrfhI krn vfly nUM pwqr ilK ky ibafn kro ik JgVy
vfly krjLy dI dyxdfrI ikAuN nhIN bxdI
• pwqr dI iewk nkl afpxy lyKy vfsqy rwK lvo.
• afpxf nfm, Kfqf nMbr aqy bkfieaf rfsLI ilKo
• ies icwTI nUM afpxy Bugqfn dy nfl nf Byjo. ieh pwwqr
vwKry qOr qy krjLdfqf dy gfhk-syvf ivBfg nUM Byjo
jy qusIN Auh rkm pihlF hI vfips kr cuwky ho
ijhVI Auh kihMdy hn quhfzy vwl bkfieaf hY:
Bugqfn kIqy jfx df sbUq dyx dI pysLksL kro. rwd hoey
cYWk dy agly aqy ipCly pfisaF dI qsvIr jF mnI
afrzr dI rsId dI nkl Byjx dI pysLksL kro| mUl
dsqfvyj nf Byjo.
quhfzy hwk
krjLf hox nfl quhfzy krjLdfqfvF nUM quhfzI jfn Kfx df
hwk nhIN iml jFdf. AunHF nUM kuwJ inXmF aDIn hI ivhfr
krnf pYNdf hY.
krjL dyx vfilaF qy ieh sLrqF lfgU hn:
• ilKqI rUp ivwc quhfnUM quhfzy krjL dI rfsLI aqy krjL
dyx vfly df nfm dwsx
• krjLy dI rkm qy ikMqU krn dy quhfzy hwk bfry quhfnUM
jfxkfrI dyx
• jy kr qusIN krjLy qoN ienkfrI ho qF quhfnUM krjLf dyx
df ilKqI sbUq dyx
ibl adf nf kIqy jfx dy kfrx:
• afmdn clI jfxf
• byrojLgfrI
• ibmfrI
• hor (qlfk, mOq)
• loVoN vwD jfxf
(jF ivwqoN vD jfxf):
•
•
•
•
pYsy df mfVf pRbMD
aYmrjYNsI
pdfrQvfd
qurMq vsqF hfsl krn dI KfihsL
48%
25%
• nfks Auqpfdn aqy syvfvF
20%
• krjLy dI DoKfsLudf vrqoN
4%
• hor:
3%
kRYizt bfry kONsilMg (msLvrf)
hr vrHy hjLfrF hI kYnyzIan ivwqI musIbqF ivwc Ps jFdy
hn. pr mdd AuplbD hY|
mulk Br ivwc keI AuDfr bfry msLvrf dyx leI gYrmunfPfsLudf, prAupkfrI jwQybMdIaF mOjUd hn jo krjLy dI
smwisaf ivwcoN inklx leI quhfzI mdd kr skdIaF hn.
bhuqIaF pihlI vfrI msLvrf muPq idMdIaF hn. pihlI
mIitMg qoN bfad Auh quhfzy ivwq muqfbk QoVI ijhI PIs
vsUl krdIaF hn.
krjL dyx vfly ieh nhIN kr skdy:
• rfq dy 10 qoN svyr dy 8 vjy qk quhfzy nfl sMprk
• (quhfzy vkIl qoN ibnf) iksy nUM krjLy dI rkm dwsxf
• kfnUMnI kfrvfeI, nOkrI qoN CuwtI, jF smfijk ruqby ivwc
nuksfn phuMcfAux dI DmkI
• iksy iewk idn ivwc do vfrI qoN vDyry vfrI Pon rfhIN
sMprk krnf (ies ivwc afnsirMg msLIn qy jF iksy hor
iDr kol sunyhf Cwzxf sLfiml hY)
• ieh suJfa dyxf ik iksy hor vsIly qoN pYsy lY ky krjL
moVo
• iksy vI iksm df nfvfijb ivhfr krnf, ijvyN quhfzy
bkfey qoN vDyry rkm vsUlxf
jy kr ienHF inXmF dI pflxf nf kIqI jfvy, ihAUmn
irsorisjL aYNz sikwljL izvYlpmYNt kYnyzf (www.hrsdc.
gc.ca) kol isLkfieq drj krvfAu.
ho skdf hY quhfnUM dIvflIeypn dI drKfsq dyxI pvy. pr
qusIN krjLy ivwcoN hor qrIikaF nfl vI inkl skdy ho. aqy
iewk kRYizt kONslr (krjLy bfry mfihr) quhfzy krjLdfqfvF
nfl quhfzIaF iksLqF GtfAux jF quhfzy ivwq muqfbk pYsf
moVx dI koeI Xojnf bxfAux leI quhfzI ibnf qy gwl krdf
hY. krjLy bfry kONsilMg dIaF syvfvF aijhIaF vrksLfpF
df ieMqjLfm vI krdIaF hn ijwQy muvwkl afpxy afp nUM
dubfrf ivwqI msilaF ivwc Psx qoN bcx leI igafnvfn
bxf skdy hn.
21
vsIly
quhfzIaF ivwqI musLklF nUM nijwTx leI krjLy bfry
PfiedymMd slfh dy skx vflIaF keI kONsilMg syvfvF
mOjUd hn. ienHF ivwcoN kuwJ hyT idwqI sUcI ivwc drj hn:
Credit Counselling Society of British
Columbia (kRYizt kfAUNsilMg susfietI afPL ibRitsL
kolMbIaf)
330 – 435 Columbia St.
New Westminster, BC V3L 5N8
1-888-527-8999, 604-527-8999
Credit Counselling Service of Alberta (kRYizt
kfAUNsilMg srivis afPL albrtf)
Sunrise Square
Suite 225, 602 – 11th Ave. SW
Calgary, AB T2R 1J8
1-888-294-0076, 403-265-2201
Credit Counselling Services of Atlantic
Canada Inc. (Saint John office) (kRYizt
kfAUNsilMg srivisjL afPL aYtlFitk kYnyzf ieMk[- syNt
jfnH afiPs)
Harbour Building
703 – 133 Prince William St.
Saint John, NB E2L 2B6
1-800-753-2227, 506-652-1613
The Office of the Rentalsman, Province
Mediation Board, Debt Management,
Saskatchewan Department of Justice (d
afiPLs afPL d rYNtljLmYn, pRfivMs mIzIeysLn borz, zYt
mYnyjmYNt, sskYcUafn izpfrtmYNt afPL jsits)
2151 Scarth St., Suite 120
Regina, SK S4N 3V7
1-888-215-2222, 306-787-5387
Credit Counselling Services of Atlantic
Canada Inc. (Halifax office) (kRYizt kfAUNsilMg
srivisjL afPL aYtlFitk kYnyzf ieMk[- hYlIPYks
afiPs)
6080 Young St., Suite 509
Halifax, NS B3K 5L2
902-423-3236
Manitoba Community Financial Counselling
Services (mYnItobf kimAUintI PfeInYNsLl kONsilMg
srivisjL)
22
Room 203 – 290 Vaughn St.
Winnipeg, MB R3B 2N8
1-888-573-2383, 204-989-1900
Credit Counselling Services of PEI (kRYizt
kfAUNsilMg srivisjL afPL pI[eI[afeI[)
166 Fitzroy St., Charlottetown, PEI C1A 1S1
1-866-892-2441
The Ontario Association of Credit
Counselling Agencies (d EntyrIE aYsosIeysLn
afPL kRYizt kONsilMg eyjMsIjL)
PO Box 189
Grimsby, Ont. L3M 4G5
1-888-7-IN-DEBT, 905-945-5644
Yukon Territory Consumer Services
Department of Justice (XUkOn tYrItorI kMijLAUmr
srivisjL, izpfrtmYNt afPL jsits)
2130 Second Ave., Box 2703
Whitehorse, YK Y1A 2C6
867-667-3033
Personal Credit Counselling Service of
Newfoundland and Labrador (kRYizt kfAUNsilMg
srivisjL afPL aYtlFitk kYnyzf ieMk[- syNt jfnH
afiPs)
22 Queen’s Rd.
St. John’s, NF A1C 2A5
709-753-5812
Human Resources and Skills Development
Canada (ihAUmn irsorisjL aYNz sikwljL izvYlpmYNt
kYnyzf)
HRSDC Communications Branch
140 Promenade du Portage
Place du Portage, Phase IV, 12th Floor
Gatineau, Qué. K1A 0J9
819-994-5559
Equifax Canada Inc. (iekUeIPYks kYnyzf ieMk[)
Consumer Relations Department
Box 190 Jean Talon Station
Montreal, Que. H1S 2Z2
1-800-465-7166
TransUnion Canada (tRFs-XUnIan kYnyzf)
P.O. Box 338, LCD 1
Hamilton, Ont. L8L 7W2
1-866-525-0262, 905-525-0262
Northern Credit Bureaus Inc. (nfrdrn
kRYizt ibAUrojL ieMk[)
www.creditbureau.ca
Fax (toll-free): 1-800-646-5876