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197
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198
YukoOKI
Fi
gur
e1.Top10Mus
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candAudi
oFi
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ms
（2010）
Company
Sal
es
Empl
oyees
Count
r
y
1
YAMAHA CORPORATI
ON
$4,
496,
280,
000
26,
816
J
apan
2
ROLANDCORPORATI
ON
$1,
020,
140,
000
2,
750
J
apan
3
KAWAI MUSI
CAL I
NSTRUMENTS MFG.
CO.
,LTD.
$762,
753,
000
2,
975
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apan
4
SENNHEI
SERELECTRONI
C
$673,
454,
000
2,
200
Ger
many
5
FENDERMUSI
CALI
NSTRUMENTS
$625,
000,
000
2,
800
U.
S.
A.
6
HARMAN PROFESSI
ONAL
$522,
736,
000
1,
575
U.
S.
A.
7
SHUREI
NC.
$425,
000,
000
2,
375
U.
S.
A.
8
STEI
NWAY MUSI
CALI
NSTRUMENTS
$318,
000,
000
1,
680
U.
S.
A.
9
AUDI
OTECHNI
CA CORPORATI
ON
$295,
000,
000
530
J
apan
10
KHS/MUSI
X CO.
.
LTD.
$293,
000,
000
4,
050
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2）
MUSI
CTRADEDECEMBER2011・
TheGl
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Mus
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umpet
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ombone
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mer
How c
anbemaki
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por
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199
Fi
gur
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om t
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mot
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mot
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umot
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How c
anbemaki
ngnoncommodi
t
yc
ompet
i
t
i
ve?
:A Cas
eSt
udyofYamahaCor
por
at
i
on
201
3.Yamaha・
smanuf
act
ur
i
ngofMus
i
calI
ns
t
r
ument
s
（1）Tr
ans
i
t
i
onofDi
ver
s
i
f
i
cat
i
on
Tor
akus
uYamaha,whos
ucceededi
nbui
l
di
ngar
eedor
gani
n1887,f
oundedt
heYamaha
ReedOr
ganWor
ks
hopi
n1888atHamamat
s
uci
t
y.Nextyear
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s
oes
t
abl
i
s
hedt
hel
i
mi
t
ed
par
t
ner
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hi
pYamahaReedOr
ganFact
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yt
omakei
tbecomeNi
pponGakkiCo,Lt
d.
（t
hepr
es
entYamahaCor
por
at
i
on）.
Thec
ompanys
t
ar
t
edt
opr
oduceupr
i
ghtpi
anosi
n1900andgr
and
pi
anosi
n1902,accumul
at
i
ngs
ki
l
l
sr
egar
di
ngwoodwor
kandpai
nt
i
ng.
I
n1903,t
hec
ompanys
t
ar
t
edt
omanuf
act
ur
el
uxur
ywoodenf
ur
ni
t
ur
e,andme
t
alpr
opel
l
eri
nt
heWor
l
dWarI
I
.Ut
i
l
i
z
i
ngt
hi
st
echnol
ogy,i
twentaheadt
omanuf
act
ur
i
ngofmot
or
cycl
ei
n1950・
s
,
audi
oe
qui
pmenti
n1960・
s
,
andmor
eover
,
advancedt
or
es
or
tdevel
opmentaswel
l
ass
por
t
i
nggoodss
uchasboatandt
enni
sr
acket
s
.
Yamahaal
s
oj
oi
nedt
omanuf
act
ur
ehar
moni
casi
n1914ands
ol
dgui
t
ar
si
n1940・
s
,ent
er
i
ng i
nt
o wi
nd i
ns
t
r
ument
st
o begi
n wi
t
ht
r
umpet
s
.Lat
er
,t
hec
ompany acqui
r
ed a l
onges
t
abl
i
s
hedmaker
,J
apanWi
ndI
ns
t
r
ument
si
n1970,r
es
ul
t
i
ngi
nacqui
s
i
t
i
onofbr
oadpr
oduct
l
i
neofbot
hwoodwi
ndi
ns
t
r
ument
s
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.
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axophone,f
l
ut
e,cl
ar
i
net
,ande
t
c.
）andbr
as
si
ns
t
r
ument
s
（i
.
e.t
r
umpet
,t
r
ombone,t
uba,hor
n,ande
t
c.
）.I
thadr
ef
r
ai
nedf
r
om j
oi
ni
ngvi
ol
i
nt
os
egr
egat
ef
r
om J
apanes
emaj
ormaker
,Suz
ukiVi
ol
i
n6）,never
t
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es
s
,i
tpr
oduceds
i
l
entvi
ol
i
nt
o
ent
eri
nt
ot
hef
i
el
dofe
l
ect
r
i
ci
ns
t
r
ument
si
n1997,l
aunchi
ngacous
t
i
cvi
ol
i
ni
n2000.I
tal
s
o
deal
swi
t
hel
ect
r
i
ci
ns
t
r
ument
ss
uchasdr
um ands
ynt
hes
i
z
er
（t
abl
e3）.Yamahahaspur
s
ued
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hei
rmi
s
s
i
onwhi
chi
st
odevel
ops
oci
albus
i
nes
sunderavi
s
i
onof・
Af
f
l
uentLi
f
e・andnott
o
7）
keepane
yeons
yner
gye
f
f
ectwi
t
hvar
i
ousi
ns
t
r
ument
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,
t
hus
,
i
thasbecomeagener
almus
i
cal
i
ns
t
r
umentmaker
,deal
i
ngwi
t
hf
r
om pi
anost
oe
l
ect
r
i
ci
ns
t
r
ument
s
.
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l
eYamahahasdi
ver
s
i
f
i
e
dt
hei
rbus
i
nes
s
es
,pi
anosc
ons
t
i
t
ut
et
hec
or
ebus
i
nes
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（i
t
s
andi
t
smar
kets
har
ei
s70%i
nJ
apan.
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,
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at
et
os
al
esi
nFY2009was16.
8%8））,
t
hemar
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anoshasmat
ur
edi
nadvance
dcount
r
i
es
.Yamahaai
msats
al
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eas
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ot
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ument
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ar
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us
t
omers
egmentandMus
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si
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i
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gi
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ount
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i
ess
uchasChi
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ndones
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ument
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,Yamahahasf
ew t
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orhi
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nr
ecentyear
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t
houghi
t
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ns
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r
ument
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uchass
axophonesandf
l
ut
eshavebeenget
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nggoodr
eput
at
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ons
,f
l
ags
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oduct
sofYamahaar
eel
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i
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uchas
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el
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i
cpi
anos
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ynt
hes
i
z
er
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ums
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Thec
ompany hasai
med atSt
ei
nway & Sonsi
n
202
YukoOKI
Fi
gur
e3.Thehi
s
t
or
yofYAMAHA・
sdi
ver
s
i
f
i
cat
i
on
Musical Instruments
1887
1900
1902
1903
1911
1914
1915
1921
1922
1926
1931
1932
1933
1935
1945
1950
1954
1955
1959
1960
1961
1962
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1986
1987
1989
1990
1991
1993
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2008
2010
Others
Organ
Upright piano
Grand piano
Furniture
Plywood
Harmonica(mouth organ)
Xylophone, Table piano, Table organ
Wood propeller for air plane, Special order furniture
Gramophone
Interior decoration
Metal propeller for air plane
Pipe organ
Accordion
Electronic organ
Pianica
Full concert grand piano
Electone(electronic organ)
Trumpet, Marimba
Electric guitar, Drum, Solid guitar, Amplifier
Saxophone, Trombone, Euphonium, Tuba
Piccolo, Flute, Clarinet, Cornet, French horn
Co-development with Wien Philharmonic(Brass)
Synthesizer, Recorder
Electric grand piano
Porta sound
Piano player
Clavinova, Digital synthesizer
Piano player with MIDI
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Electronic grand piano
Silent session drum
Silent violin
Silent cello
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Silent guitar
Silent viola
B㴾sendorfer, TENORI-ON
Book shelf, Chair
HiFi player, Motorcycle, Organ school
YAMAHA Motor Co., Ltd.
YAMAHA music school, FRP archery
Motor boat(later transferred to YAMAHA motor co., Ltd.)
䌆䌒䌐 ski, Bath tub, R&D(Iron/Aluminum/Copper)
YAMAHA Recreation Co., Ltd.
First Electone competition
YAMAHA Music Foundation
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NS stereo system
IC
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䌐䌁 mixer, Speaker system, Resort development(Tsumagoi)
Unit furniture, System kitchen
PA power amplifier, PA speaker system,
R&D(Titanium alloy), PA mixer
Ski wear, Badminton, 䌌䌓䌉, YAMAHA piano technical academy
Golf club, CD player
Custom 䌌䌓䌉, Personal computer
Industrial robot, LSI for FM sound, LSI for graphics
DSP effecter, Digital sound field processor
Wind MIDI controller, English school, First Band Explosion Competition
Sound proof room
YAMAHA Resort Co., Ltd., Super Woofer, 䌁䌖 amplifier, Music sequencer
Thin magnetic head, Titanium golf club, Resort development(Kiroro), Active speaker
Computer music system, Karaoke communication system (with Daiichi Kosho Co., Ltd)
Remote router
Theater sound system in the Living room
First prize in Tchaikovsky piano competition: Denis Matsuev with YAMAHA
Internet music distribution system䇭MidRadio, Multimedia amplifier with USB
Melodic ringtone
Music school for adults
First prize in Tchaikovsky piano competition: Ayako Ueno with YAMAHA
First prize in Chopin piano competition: Yulianna Avdeeva with YAMAHA
pi
anoswhi
char
ekeypr
oduct
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orYamahabuti
tf
ai
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ecogni
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oe
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r
ume
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nf
act
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at
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r
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onges
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os
endor
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eri
n2008.
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pos
eoft
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s
i
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i
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ol
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ows
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ngal
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er
nat
i
vesbyat
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r
act
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ngt
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i
s
t
s
・
i
n11）
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er
es
t
s
,ands
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ngYamaha・
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enceasdef
ens
i
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owar
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t
ar
t
upsi
nChi
na.
I
n
How c
anbemaki
ngnoncommodi
t
yc
ompet
i
t
i
ve?
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eSt
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por
at
i
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203
t
hepas
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ument
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xpandedpr
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ounder
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heneces
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i
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i
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i
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ument
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.
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r
om ・
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udgmentf
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t
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s
.
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ompanyi
nves
t
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oti
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i
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ne
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orpi
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r
om 1970・
st
o80・
s
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oduct
i
onl
i
neshavebeenaut
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omehand
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Thehandwor
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t
menti
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ndi
ns
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r
ument
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t
hi
ns
t
al
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at
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obot
s
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act
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i
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or
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i
t
i
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o
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pi
anoandasi
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f
or
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ns
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r
ume
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s
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f
er
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.
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Thi
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l
ot
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om c
as
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et
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l
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nt
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heygotcompl
ai
nt
sofnoi
s
es
omewher
e,s
ot
hatt
heyt
ookal
ongt
i
meandmuche
f
f
or
tt
oi
nves
t
i
gat
et
hes
our
ceofnoi
s
e,
s
ear
chi
ngf
or12,
000par
t
sorpi
eces
.
Thi
sepi
s
oder
epr
es
ent
st
ypi
calexampl
eofpi
ano・
sc
ompl
exme
chani
s
m andt
hei
mpor
t
anceofar
chi
t
ect
ur
ali
nt
egr
at
i
on.
Whent
appi
ngkeyboar
dsofapi
ano,t
hemechani
s
m cal
l
ed・
act
i
on・f
unct
i
onst
omovea
hamme
rt
opl
ucks
t
r
i
ngs
.St
r
i
ngsvi
br
at
et
omakes
ound,ands
oundboar
dr
es
oundst
oampl
i
f
y
t
hes
ound.Tomaker
es
onanc
eandhar
moni
c,appr
oxi
mat
el
y230s
t
r
i
ngsar
er
equi
r
ed.Thi
s
caus
est
ens
i
onofabout20t
on,andt
het
ens
i
oni
sbal
ancedbywoodenandi
r
onf
r
ames
,and
t
hei
rs
uppor
t
s
.Thedet
er
mi
nant
sofqual
i
t
y ofpi
anosar
eme
chani
s
m and t
echnol
ogy of
par
t
s
/component
ss
uc
hasf
r
ames
,s
oundboar
d,act
i
on,keyboar
d,s
t
r
i
ngsandpedal
s
.
Thepr
oduct
i
onpr
oces
sofgr
andpi
anosi
sf
ol
l
ows
（
:1）s
el
ect
i
ngwoodenmat
er
i
al
s
（2）dr
yi
ng（3） manuf
act
ur
i
ng s
oundboar
d（4） as
s
e
mbl
i
ng s
uppor
t
s（5） s
eal
i
ng s
i
deboar
d wi
t
h
How c
anbemaki
ngnoncommodi
t
yc
ompet
i
t
i
ve?
:A Cas
eSt
udyofYamahaCor
por
at
i
on
205
s
uppor
t
s（6）i
ns
t
al
l
i
ng s
oundboar
d（7）manuf
act
ur
i
ng and at
t
achi
ng f
r
ames（8）put
t
i
ng
s
t
r
i
ngsi
n
（9）at
t
achi
ngkeyboar
ds
（10）var
i
oust
uni
ngs
（11）f
i
ni
s
hi
ng.
I
nt
hi
spr
oces
s
,
wooden
mat
er
i
al
sar
et
hec
r
i
t
i
calf
act
ort
odet
er
mi
nes
oundandout
erappear
anceofpi
anos
.Al
t
hough
St
ei
nwaypur
chas
esqual
i
t
ywoodenmat
er
i
al
sonl
y,aboutahal
fofpur
chas
eds
pr
ucei
sgood
16）
enoughf
orpi
ano.
Soundboar
di
smadeofaboar
dwhi
chhass
t
r
ai
ghtgr
ai
nst
hr
oughoutt
he
l
engt
hofi
t
.Woodenmat
er
i
al
sar
es
etas
i
deunus
e
dout
s
i
deaf
act
or
yatl
eas
toneyeart
obe
dr
i
edi
n adr
yerchamberf
ors
ever
aldays
.Af
t
ert
hatwoodwor
ker
ss
or
twooden mat
er
i
al
s
agai
n.
Par
t
sofpi
anosar
emadeoft
hes
el
ect
edwoodenmat
er
i
al
st
ober
i
ms
,
s
oundboar
ds
,
hammer
s
,et
c.Thos
epr
oces
s
e
sar
ee
s
s
ent
i
alt
omanuf
act
ur
i
ngofpi
anos
.
Ont
heot
herhand,Yamahahasdevel
opedt
hei
ror
i
gi
nalagi
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i
ert
echnol
ogywi
t
hpar
al
l
elus
eofnat
ur
aldr
yi
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oal
l
ow f
ors
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erdr
yi
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i
me.Theys
ayt
het
echnol
ogyi
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ed
ons
t
andar
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z
at
i
ont
oavoi
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yi
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i
anceundert
hedr
yi
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ondi
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i
onsobt
ai
nedbyme
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ementf
oral
ongt
i
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oi
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i
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hatt
het
echnol
ogyc
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educet
heunneces
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ar
ydr
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ng
t
i
meandal
l
ow f
ores
t
i
mat
i
ngt
het
i
mi
ngofout
goi
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ng.I
tal
s
oc
ont
r
i
but
et
os
moot
h
pr
oduct
i
onwhenal
ar
gevol
umeofdr
i
edwoodsi
shandl
edatpr
oduct
i
onl
i
ne
sduet
ot
her
a17）
t
i
onaldr
yi
ngpl
an,mi
ni
mum i
nvent
or
yands
t
abl
emoi
s
t
ur
ec
ont
entofi
nvent
or
ywoods
.
St
ei
nwayhascomet
oc
utwoodenmat
er
i
alwi
t
hmachi
nesf
orupperl
i
dsandl
egsofpi
anos
,
andyet
,
r
i
msar
emadebyhandsbecaus
et
heyi
ns
i
s
tt
hataut
omat
i
cf
abr
i
cat
i
onofr
i
msl
eadst
o
18）
t
aki
ngt
hes
ouloutofSt
ei
nway・
spi
anos
.
Eveni
fwoodsar
es
t
r
i
ct
l
ypr
oces
s
edwi
t
hi
ner
r
or
s
ofpl
usormi
nus0.
076mi
l
l
i
met
er
,
manualhandl
i
ngmayc
aus
es
l
i
ghtvar
i
ance.
St
ei
nwayhasno
oper
at
i
ngmanualandwor
ker
shavee
ngage
di
nt
hes
amej
obf
or20t
o30year
st
ol
ear
ni
t
t
hr
ought
heobs
er
vat
i
ononapr
edeces
s
or
,t
aki
ngoverknowl
edget
hr
oughor
ali
ns
t
r
uct
i
ons
f
r
om s
eni
orwor
ker
s
.
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i
t
el
y,Yamahaaccel
er
at
edmodul
ar
i
z
at
i
ononwoodwor
ki
ngpar
t
sf
ormas
spr
oduct
i
on
（f
i
gur
e4）.
Fori
ns
t
ance,
Ki
t
amiWoodCompanyl
ocat
edi
nMar
us
ec
i
t
yofHokkai
do,
wher
e
Pi
ceagl
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i
st
r
eesar
epr
oduced,s
ol
dt
hei
rr
aw t
i
mberwhol
es
al
et
oYamahaasmat
er
i
al
s
.
Lat
ert
hec
ompanyhascomet
os
uppl
yal
lt
hes
oundboar
dsdemandedbyYamahaasc
ompl
et
e
dmodul
esbyt
hei
rowns
awi
ng,cut
t
i
nganddr
yi
ng.Soundboar
dsar
epr
i
mepar
t
swhi
ch
det
er
mi
net
hes
oundofpi
anos
,andi
nt
hepas
tYamahaaccumul
at
edknowhow t
hr
oughi
nhous
ef
abr
i
cat
i
on but t
hey pr
ovi
de
d Ki
t
amiWood wi
t
ht
he knowhow t
os
wi
t
ch t
o
out
s
our
ci
ng.
Ac
t
i
oni
sal
s
ot
hehear
tofpi
anosandt
hei
nt
egr
at
i
ont
echnol
ogyi
ses
s
ent
i
alf
oract
i
on.
The
206
YukoOKI
par
tl
i
nki
ngakeyboar
dt
oact
i
ondet
er
mi
neswhet
herornots
oundr
es
onat
esasapl
aye
rexpect
ed.Eas
i
nes
st
opl
ayi
sakeyf
act
orf
orc
us
t
omer
st
oc
hoos
eapi
ano.Act
i
onofYamahai
s
compos
e
dof80par
t
sormor
epe
ronekey,bei
ngf
i
ni
s
hedwi
t
hhi
ghpr
eci
s
i
onof0.
05mi
l
l
i
19）
me
t
er
.
At
ouchi
ngar
eai
sf
i
ni
s
he
daf
t
e
rs
ever
ali
nt
egr
at
i
vepr
oces
s
es
.Yamahas
ayst
hati
ti
s
cr
i
t
i
calf
orpr
oces
s
ess
uchass
t
r
oki
ng,t
uni
ngands
oundi
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obec
onduct
edwi
t
hbal
anci
ngas
awhol
e.Whenf
i
ni
s
hi
ngt
headj
us
t
ment
,t
echni
ci
anspl
aypi
anost
ocheckt
hedes
i
r
abl
ebal
20）
ance.
Thes
cr
upul
ous
l
yi
nt
egr
at
i
vewor
ki
sconduct
edt
omas
s
pr
oducedpi
anosaswel
las
cus
t
ommade.
Fi
gur
e4.Yamaha・
spr
oductar
chi
t
ect
ur
eofpi
ano
b）Vi
ol
i
n
Andr
eaAmat
ii
sr
ecogni
z
edt
ohavec
ompl
et
edavi
ol
i
nwi
t
ht
hepr
es
ents
hapeasamus
i
cal
i
ns
t
r
umenti
nCr
emonaofI
t
al
yi
n16th cent
ur
y.
Vi
ol
i
nsmadebySt
r
adi
var
i
,
Guar
ner
i
,
et
c.
bef
or
e
1820,ar
er
ef
er
r
edt
ot
he・
Ol
dI
t
al
i
an・andar
et
hemos
texpens
i
ve,s
ot
hatpr
of
es
s
i
onalpl
ayer
s
andc
ol
l
ect
or
shi
ghl
yval
uet
hem（Oki
,2009）.Af
t
e
rt
hatbet
ween1890and1940,I
t
al
ye
xper
i
encedt
hes
econdpeakt
i
meandvi
ol
i
ns
,
whi
chwe
r
emadebyappr
oxi
mat
el
y250mas
t
ercr
af
t
s
men,ar
ec
al
l
edas・
Moder
nI
t
al
y・andt
hos
evi
ol
i
nsar
ehi
ghl
ye
val
uat
edasc
oncer
tvi
ol
i
ns
.
Af
t
ert
heI
ndus
t
r
i
alRevol
ut
i
on,mas
spr
oduct
i
onbydi
vi
s
i
onofl
aborhass
pr
eadwi
del
y,
andvi
ol
i
nswer
emadebyt
het
r
adi
t
i
onalhandi
cr
af
tort
hemas
spr
oduct
i
onwi
t
hpr
of
i
t
s
eeki
ng.
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spr
oducedvi
ol
i
nswe
r
emanuf
act
ur
e
dmai
nl
yi
nGe
r
manyandBohemi
abutnoti
nI
t
al
y
whi
chguar
dedt
het
r
adi
t
i
onf
ornotmaki
ngmas
s
pr
oducedmus
i
cali
ns
t
r
ument
s
.
Themanuf
act
ur
i
ngpr
oces
sofvi
ol
i
ni
sasf
ol
l
ows
（
:1）des
i
gni
ngandf
r
ami
ng
（2）s
el
ect
i
ng
t
hewood
（3）f
abr
i
cat
i
ngr
i
ms
（4）car
vi
ngt
hef
r
ontandback
（f
ort
hear
chi
ngandt
heopt
i
mum
ngt
hef
s
hapedhol
e
（7）mat
chi
ngbas
s
（8）
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
onoft
hi
cknes
s
）
（5）pur
f
l
i
ng21）（6）maki
as
s
e
mbl
i
ngbody
（9）s
et
t
i
ngt
heneck
（10）var
ni
s
hi
ng
（11）pos
i
t
i
oni
ngt
hes
oundpos
tandt
he
How c
anbemaki
ngnoncommodi
t
yc
ompet
i
t
i
ve?
:A Cas
eSt
udyofYamahaCor
por
at
i
on
207
br
i
dge.
Al
t
houghc
omponent
ss
uchast
hef
r
ontandr
earpanel
s
,
neckands
cr
ol
lar
ef
eas
i
bl
ef
or
modul
ar
i
t
y,t
heoper
at
i
onsofas
s
e
mbl
i
ngandadj
us
t
mentar
ehar
dt
obemodul
ar
.Act
ual
l
y,
modul
arki
t
sofcomponent
sar
es
ol
d,andc
heapvi
ol
i
nsar
emanuf
act
ur
edbyas
s
e
mbl
i
ngaki
t
madei
nChi
nae
veni
nCr
emona.Ont
hehand,expens
i
vevi
ol
i
nsar
enotmodul
ar
i
z
edbutf
abr
i
cat
edwi
t
hhandmadec
omponent
sbybei
ngc
ar
ef
ul
l
yi
nt
egr
at
ed.
Accor
di
ngt
ot
hes
ur
veyofvi
ol
i
nmanuf
act
ur
er
s
（Oki
,
2009）,
wor
ker
sment
i
one
dt
hatt
hey
handl
ewi
t
hs
peci
alcar
et
hef
ol
l
owi
ngpr
oces
s
es
:choi
c
eofwoodenmat
er
i
al
,nec
ks
et
,pos
i
t
i
oni
ngt
hes
oundpos
tandbr
i
dge,
car
vi
ngt
hef
r
ontpanel
,
var
ni
s
happl
i
cat
i
onandmat
chi
ngbas
s
bar
.Si
nce vi
ol
i
ns ar
e woode
n mus
i
cali
ns
t
r
ument
s
,t
he key oper
at
i
ons ar
et
he car
ef
ul
i
ns
pect
i
onofwoodsandt
heappr
opr
i
at
ehandl
i
ngands
havi
ngt
or
es
pect
i
vewoods
.Al
s
o,out
ofmanuf
act
ur
i
ngpr
oces
s
,nec
ks
et
,pos
i
t
i
oni
ngt
hes
oundpos
tandbr
i
dgeandmat
chi
ngbas
s
barr
equi
r
ei
nt
egr
at
i
on.I
nCr
emonawher
eonec
r
af
t
s
manhandl
esal
lt
hepr
oces
s
es
,s
t
ar
t
i
ng
f
r
om t
hedes
i
gni
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hoi
ceofwood,t
hepr
oces
sofs
havi
ngt
hef
r
ontpanel
,whi
chaf
f
ect
s
t
hebeaut
yofs
ounds
,r
equi
r
est
hes
ki
l
l
f
uli
nt
egr
at
i
onandi
st
hemos
tel
abor
at
epr
oces
s
.
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l
e,Yamahac
hal
l
enge
sOl
dI
t
al
i
answi
t
ht
hei
rher
i
t
ages
uchast
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ur
ement
sf
ore
xqui
s
i
t
ei
ns
t
r
ument
s
,t
heagi
ngdr
yert
echni
quef
orpi
anosandf
ur
ni
t
ur
e,t
hepai
nt
s
pr
ayi
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echni
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ormot
or
bi
kes
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hevar
ni
s
hi
ngt
echni
quef
orpi
anosandgui
t
ar
st
oi
mpr
ovet
hepr
eci
s
i
onandqual
i
t
yofcomponent
s
,
i
nt
egr
at
i
ngwi
t
ht
hes
eoper
at
i
onsbyhand.
The
di
r
ect
ors
ayst
hatt
heor
i
gi
nals
ki
l
lf
ormaki
ngvi
ol
i
nst
akesonl
y34%i
nwoodcr
af
tpr
oces
sand
51%i
nvar
ni
s
hi
ngpr
oces
s22）（f
i
gur
e5）.
Fi
gur
e5.Yamaha・
spr
oductar
chi
t
ect
ur
eofvi
ol
i
n
c）Saxophones
I
n1846,as
axophonewasi
nvent
edbyAdol
fSaxi
nBel
gi
um.Al
t
hought
hebodyi
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208
YukoOKI
ofmet
al
,
s
axophonesar
eas
oundi
ngbodyofs
i
ngl
er
eeds
ot
hatt
heyar
ec
l
as
s
i
f
i
e
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nd,i
ncl
udi
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i
vet
ypesf
r
om t
hes
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anot
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i
t
ones
axophones
.Thes
axophonebas
i
cal
l
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i
s
t
soff
ourpar
t
s
:t
hes
uct
i
ont
ube
（neck/mout
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ece）,t
hes
econdt
ube
（body）,t
he
f
i
r
s
tt
ube
（Us
hapedt
ube:bow）,t
heupt
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l
ar
edbel
l
.A t
ubebodyhas25t
onehol
es
.The
t
onehol
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over
e
dwi
t
ht
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hel
everi
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t
ache
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es
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e
soutofr
each
att
hes
amet
i
me.
Somepl
ayer
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i
cat
et
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eedorbuyi
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hemar
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cr
apef
orf
i
ne
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eeldi
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f
er
ent
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ut
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i
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t
i
f
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nes
s
.
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axophonecons
i
s
t
sofappr
oxi
mat
el
y600par
t
sandpi
eces
.Thes
hapeoft
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c
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ubet
aper
edby3degr
ees
.Tonecol
or
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i
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er
val
svar
ywi
t
ht
he
t
aper
.Yamahai
ns
i
s
t
st
hat・
Saxophone
sc
anpr
oduceas
oundver
yc
l
os
et
oahumanvoi
ce
owi
ngnott
oi
t
sc
yl
i
nders
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ot
het
aper
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ef
or
e,youc
anpl
ayas
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emot
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ui
t
abl
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ors
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opl
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ed
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t
ot
heJ
az
zpl
ay.
・Forcl
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cmus
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axophonesar
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ument
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hey
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ont
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s
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eneedt
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gi
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ounds
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derbel
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l
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act
ur
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ngpr
oces
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axophone
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l
ows
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（we
l
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as
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awi
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het
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es
）,
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het
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es
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at
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achi
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f
i
ng→ pl
at
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ng）,
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e
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i
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i
ni
s
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et
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ns
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i
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s
e
mbl
i
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us
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ment→ i
ns
pect
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on）,
（6）neck（wel
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ng→ pr
oces
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i
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aves
oundhol
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ol
der
i
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t
s→ buf
f
i
ng→ pl
at
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ng→ at
t
achi
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t
houghYamahaut
i
l
i
z
est
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omput
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hemos
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oces
s
ed.Fori
ns
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ance,wor
ker
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hebel
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i
ngonebyone
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os
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eci
s
ef
i
t
t
i
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yi
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ur
et
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i
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haps
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ert
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oughme
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ays・
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uctkeysand pads
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ument
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ors
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act
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i
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ect
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axophone
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oduct
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em
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om t
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udet
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umentmanuf
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ems
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ort
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nt
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Thi
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hows how t
he c
ompany has pr
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nt
r
oduci
ng t
he advance
210
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ument
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ompany?Whi
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umenti
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umentmanuf
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por
at
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nds
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t
i
mat
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ns
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ument
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ument
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ant
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df
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cRe
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ear
chi
nJ
apan
（B）21330102.
Not
es:
1）Mus
i
cTr
adesDe
cember2011
（2011）・
TheGl
obal225・
2）I
ncl
udesCor
nSel
mer
3）Hear
i
ngsf
r
om pr
of
es
s
i
onalmus
i
ci
ansi
nJ
apan
4）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.Hi
r
ooOkano
5）I
nt
hi
spaperwedon・
tar
guec
l
os
e/opent
opi
cs
,
becaus
es
t
andar
di
z
at
i
oni
snotpopul
ari
nmus
i
cal
i
ns
t
r
ume
nti
ndus
t
r
ye
xceptel
ect
r
oni
ci
ns
t
r
ument
.
6）Oki
（2007）
7）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.Wat
ar
uMi
ki
8）Tot
alcompanys
al
ese
s
t
i
mat
es413bi
l
l
i
onyeni
n2010.
3.
（pi
ano69.
4bi
l
l
i
onyen;acous
t
i
cpi
ano
40.
1bi
l
l
i
onyen,el
ect
r
i
cpi
ano28.
7bi
l
l
i
onyen,hybr
i
dpi
ano0.
6bi
l
l
i
onyen.ByYamahagr
oup
mi
dt
er
m managementpl
an2010.
42013.
3.
（2010.
4）
9）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.Mi
s
aoTanaka
10）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.Wat
ar
uMi
ki
11）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.Wat
ar
uMi
ki
12）MaemaandI
wano
（2001）p.
147.
13）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.Hi
r
ooOkano
14）St
ei
nway& SonsHP.
15）Ut
amakur
aPi
anoFact
or
yHP.・
Thes
ecr
etofSt
ei
nwayi
nNY.
・
16）Bar
r
on
（2006）p.
80.
17）Kat
ou
（1966）pp.
5556.
212
YukoOKI
18）Bar
r
on
（2006）p.
8.
19）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.HP.・
Maki
ngYAMAHA Pi
ano・
20）YAMAHA br
ochur
e・
Maki
ngYAMAHA Pi
ano・
21）A t
hi
ns
andwi
chofveneeri
nl
ayedar
oundt
hee
nt
i
r
ee
dgeofvi
ol
i
nwhi
chs
er
vest
or
ei
nf
or
cet
he
pl
at
e
sandpr
eventcr
acki
ngal
ongt
hei
re
dges
.
22）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.Hi
r
os
hiNakat
ani
23）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.HP.・
Compl
et
ebookaboutSaxophone・Vol
.
2.
24）YamahaCo.
,Lt
d.HP.・
Compl
et
ebookaboutSaxophone・Vol
.
3.
I
nt
er
vi
ew Li
st
s
YamahaCor
por
at
i
on:Hi
r
ooOkabe
（Di
r
ect
or
）,Wat
ar
uMi
ki
（Execut
i
veOf
f
i
cer
）,Tos
hi
yukiNi
has
hi
（Cor
por
at
eCommuni
cat
i
onGr
oupGe
ner
alManager
）,Mi
s
aoTanaka
（CCGr
oupDe
put
yGe
ner
al
Manager
）,Tomi
oMur
amat
s
u（Pi
anoPr
oduct
i
onDeput
yGener
alManager
）,Tos
hi
kaz
uNi
wat
a
（Br
as
s
,
woodsandper
cus
s
i
onPr
oduct
i
onManager
）,
Tos
hi
yukiNakamur
a
（Br
as
s
,
woodsandper
cus
s
i
onMar
ket
i
ng,As
s
oci
at
eManager
）,Yas
us
hiI
t
oh（CC Gr
oupAs
s
oci
at
eManager
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214
YukoOKI
ヤマハの楽器製造に関する一考察
大
要
木
裕
子
旨
本稿では楽器の製造に焦点をあて、ヤマハの事例を取り上げる。楽器業界では欧米の伝統ある家内工
業的な専業企業が各楽器のフラグシップを握っているが、経営規模では日本のヤマハが世界最大手とし
て、他社を大きく引き離している。楽器メーカーとしては後発であったヤマハは、ハイエンドユーザー
を狙うよりは、まず初心者から中間層のボリュームゾーンの顧客を獲得する必要があった。このためヤ
マハでは、楽器の製造において最先端技術を取り入れ、人によるバラツキを減らすための自動化を進め
ると共に、部品をモジュール化することで外注により効率化を図ってきた。一方で、完成品の擦り合わ
せ技術の内製化にはこだわり、それをサポートする機械化も進めてきた。こうして、擦り合わせが要と
なる楽器においても量産を可能とし、ボリュームゾーンの顧客に満足感を与える楽器を供給することで、
ヤマハは総合楽器メーカーとして大企業に成長することができた。
キーワード：製品アーキテクチャ、楽器製造、ヤマハ、大量生産、多角化