Book of Romans Commentary -

Transcrição

oifonfor®musrf;pmudkem;vnfEdkifygonf/
aygvka[majymaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
a&mrMo0g'pm
BOB UTLEY
a[majymjcif;qdkif&m ygarmu©
(or®musrf;enf;usteufjyefjcif;)
teufzGifhjcif;avhvmrIvrf;ñTefpmpOfrsm;
"r®opfusrf;/ twGJ 5/
Bible Lessons International, Marshall, Texas
1998
jyefvnfrGrf;rHjcif; 2010
1
rmwdum
þteufzGifhusrf;ü oHk;aomtwdkaumufrsm;
5
usrf;jyKol\ trSmpum;/
/ þteufzGifhusrf;onf oifhudk rnfodkUulnDEkdifaMumif; 7
or®musrf;pm aumif;pGmzwf½Ijcif;twGuf vrf;nTef/ or®mw&m;udkrdrdudk,fwdkif ½SmazGazmfxkwfjcif;/ 10
teufzGifhusrf;
a&mrMo0g'pmrdwfquf
21
a&mr 1
28
a&mr 2
94
a&mr ၃
116
a&mr 4
144
a&mr 5
162
a&mr 6
190
a&mr 7
208
a&mr 8
227
a&mr 9
272
a&mr 10
315
a&mr 11
333
a&mr 12
354
a&mr 13
377
a&mr 14
403
a&mr 15
421
a&mr 16
443
aemufqufwGJ
aemufqufwGJ
aemufqufwJG
aemufqufwGJ
wpf/
ESpf/
oHk;/
av;/
/
/
/
/
*&do'´gzGJUpnf;yHk\t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsuf tusOf;
rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mtuJjzwfrI
cufqpft"dyÜg,f
Mo0g'qdkif&m azmfjycsuf
464
478
484
499
a&mrMo0g'pmxJu txl;taMumif;t&mrsm;twGuf
rmwdum
apvGwfonf (ApostellŌ) 1;1
ueOD;toif;awmfa[majymaomt&m?(Kerygma) 1;2
bk&m;ocif\om;awmf? 1;3
aoG;om;^Zmwd?(Sarx) 1;3
ar½Sd,? 1;4
bk&m;emrawmfrsm;? 1;4
"r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ,HkMunf? udk;pm;? ,HkMunfudk;pm;(Believe, Trust, Faith)ESifh opöm½Sdjcif;?
1;5
uREfkyf (Bob) \{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif? 1;5
ac:zdwfjcif;cH&aom? 1;6
2
32
35
36
38
41
42
49
54
55
oefU½Sif;olrsm;?1;7
bk&m;ocif\crnf;awmft&m? 1;7
"r®opfusrf;xJu0dnmOf (pneuma)?1;8
u,fwifjcif;("r®a[mif;a0g[m&)?1;16
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;? 1;17
bk&m;ociftm;vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;? 1;18
aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü azmfjyonfh ]]or®mw&m;}}? 1;18
od½Sdonf? 1;19
zsufqD;?ysufpD;?azgufjyef(Phtheirē)?1;23
ESvHk;? 1;24
tNrJxm0&(*&dtD'D,Hrsm;)? 1;25
tmrif? 1;25
vdifwlqufqHjcif;? 1;26?27
"r®opfusrf;xJü½Sdaom qdk;npfrIrsm;ESifhaumif;jrwfrIrsm;? 1;29-31
''HUPER" aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk? 1;30
aemifww&m;? 2;4
vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'? 2;11
0g<um;jcif;?2;17
*&da0g[m&]]prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;}}ESif ¤if;\t"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm;? 2;18
y,fjy,fqdwfokOf;oGm;aponf (KatargeŌ)? 3;3
bkef;wefcdk;awmf? 3;23
vlwpfa,mufu,fwifjcif;&aMumif; "r®opftaxmuftxm;? 3;24
a&G;EIwfcâ&G;EIwfonf? 3;24
ta½SYwdkif; pmay? 3;27
bk&m;wpfql t,l0g'? 3;30
,HkMunfûdk;pm;onf (belief/faith)? 4;5
wHqdyf? 4;11
tmrcH? 4;16
Nidrfoufjcif;? 5;1
&yfwnfonf (Histēmi)? 5;2
pdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;? 5;2
c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumifh qif;&J'ku©cHMuoenf;? 5;3
'ku©a0em 5;3
c&pf,mefBuD;xGm;rI 5;4
bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;? 5;17?18
AdwåZHr*Fvm?6;3-4
oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;? 6;4
enf;Oya'o (Tupos)? 6;17
aygvk\csD;rGrf;jcif;? qkawmif;jcif;ESifh bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifjcif;? 7;25
3
57
58
62
66
68
75
77
78
83
84
85
86
88
90
91
98
102
110
111
119
129
130
131
138
140
149
153
157
166
167
169
172
172
173
185
194
195
203
224
a,½IESifh0dnmOfawmf? 8;9
oHk;yg;wpfql? 8;11
,HkMunfol cH&aomtarG? 8;1
obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;? 8;19
.
ajr§mfvifhjcif;? 8;25
pGJNrJ&ef vdktyfrI? 8;25
0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfjcif;? 8;27
om;OD;? 8;29
a½G;aumufjcif;^BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabmw&m;csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyfjcif;? 8;33
tBuD;qHk; (Archē)? 8;38
udk,fudkudk,f odaompdwf (conscience)? 9;1
Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;? 9;3
usdefqJjcif; (Anathema)? 9;3
tpöa&;? 9;4
y#dnmOfw&m;? 9;4
bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;? 9;13
cspfoem;awmfrljcif;(Hesed)?9;15
t<uif;tusefrsm;? todtjrifoHk;rsKd;? 9;27-28
bk&m;emrawmfrsm;? 9;29
wdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf? 9;33
od½Sdonf?10;2
emcHjcif;? 10;3
u,fwifjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&dpum;vHk; umvjyBud,mrsm;? 10;4
0efcHjcif;? 10;9
udk,fawmf\emrawmf?10;9
½Sif;vif;pGm½Sif;jyjcif;? 10;18
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;pGefUy,fjcif;?11;21
vQKdU0SufzHk;uG,faomt&m? 11;25
oefU½Sif;onf? 12;1
vuf½SduyfurÇmESifh jzpfvwåHYaomuyfurÇm? 12;2
jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif; (AnakainŌsis)? 12;2
bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf (Thelēma) 12;2
"r®opfusrf;\ tem*wådpum;? 12;6
pifMu,faom? &ufa&mrI (Haplotes) 12;8
a0iSjcif; (Koinonia) 12;13
tcGifhtmPm? 13;1
vlUtpdk;&? 13;1
arma½S\ynwådusrf;tay: aygvk½IjrifyHk? 13;9
xGufajrmuf&musrf; 20/ 13;15?17 tm;½Sif;vif;csuftusOf;
4
236
238
245
247
253
254
257
262
264
269
277
279
283
284
286
292
296
303
304
312
318
319
321
323
325
330
345
348
357
358
360
361
364
368
372
380
380
388
389
tm;enf;jcif;? 14;1
c&pf,mefrsm; tcsif;csif;pD&ifMuygOD;ravm??
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf? 14;17
cdkifcHhaponf? 15;2
ayg<u,fjcif;? (PerissevŌ) 15;13
c&pf,mefESifh iwfrGwfacgif;yg;rI? 15;26
bk&m;ocif\pDrHrIü trsKd;orD;rsm;? 16;1
toif;awmf (Ekklesia) 16;1
qdk;oGrf;rI\yk*¾dKvf 16;20
xm0&? 16;26
406
413
415
424
429
436
446
449
456
462
14;13
þteufzGifhusrf;üoHk;aom twdkaumufpvHk;rsm;
AB
Anchor Bible Commentaries, ed. William Foxwell Albright and David Noel Freedman
ABD
Anchor Bible Dictionary (6 vols.), ed. David Noel Freedman
AKOT
Analytical Key to the Old Testament by John Joseph Owens
ANET
Ancient Near Eastern Texts, James B. Pritchard
BAGD
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature.
BDB
A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S.R. Driver and
C.A.Briggs
BHS
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, GBS, 1997
IDB
The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible (4 vols.), ed. George A. Buttrick
ISBE
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. James Orr
IB
Jerusalem Bible
JPSOA
The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text: A New Translation (The Jewish
Publication Society of America)
5
KB
The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Ludwig Koehler and Walter
Baumgartner
LAM
The Holy Bible From Ancient Eastern Manuscripts (the Peshitta) by George M. Lamsa
LXX
Septuagint (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970
MOF
A New Translation of the Bible by James Moffatt
MT
Masoretic Hebrew Text
NAB
New American Bible Text
NASB
New American Standard Bible
NEB
New English Bible
NET
NET Bible: New English Translation, Second Beta Edition
NIDNTT
New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis (5 vols.),ed.
Willem A. VanGemeren
NRSV
New Revised Standard Bible
NIV
New International Version
NJB
New Jerusalem Bible
OTPG
Old Testament Parsing Guide by Todd S.Beall, William A. Banks and Colin Smith
REB
Revised English Bible
RSV
Revised Standard Version
SEPT
The Septuagint (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970
TCNT
The Twentieth Century New Testament
TEV
Today's English Version from United Bible Societies
YLT
Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible by Robert Young
ZPBE
Zondervan Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. Merrill C.Tenney
6
pma&;ol\ trSmpm
þteufzGifhusrf;onf oihfudk rnfodkYulnDEdkifrnfenf;
or®musrf;pmenf;us teufjyefjcif;[lonf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;cH usrf;jyKolwpfOD;tm;
em;vnf oabmaygufEdkif&ef tm;xkwfaom? pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh0dnmOfa&; vkyfxk;H wpfrsKd;yifjzpfNyD;?
xdkokdYjyKjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocifay;aomowif;pum;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufum? ,aeY rdrdwdkY
acwfumvü vufawGYusifhoHk; Ekdif&efjzpfonf/
0dnmOfa&;&mvkyfxHk;onf
tqHk;tjzwfay;aomt&mjzpfaomfvnf;
t"dyÜg,f
owfrSwfcsufay;&ef cufcJonf/ ¤if;ü qufuyfjcif;ESifh yGifhvif;rIvdktyfonf/ (1) udk,fawmftm;
qmiwfjcif; (2) udk,fawmf tm; oduRrf;vdkjcif;ESifh (3) tapcHvdkaompdwfqE´rsm; ½Sd&ygrnf/
þvkyfxHk;ü
qkawmif;jcif;?
0efcHjcif;ESifh
rdrdtouf½Sifjcif;yHkpH
ajymif;vJ
vdkaompdwfqE´rsm;vdktyfonf/
teufjyefjcif;vkyfxHk;ü
0dnmOfawmfonf
tjywfqHk;jzpfol
jzpfaomfvnf; pdwfESvHk;pifMu,fNyD;? bk&m;w&m;udkif;½Idif;ol c&pf,mefrsm;\ or®musrf;pmtm;
em;vnfoabmaygufyHk uGJjym;jcm;em; aejcif;rSm vQKdU0SufeufeJaom t&mwpfckjzpfonf/
pOf;pm;jcif;vkyfxHk;rSm &Sif;vif;&ef vG,fulonf/ rl&if;usrf;tay: wnfMunf&efESifh
bufvdkufjcif;
uif;&efvdktyfNyD;?
rdrdudk,fwdkifESifh
*dkPf;*eqdkif&m
iJhuGufrIrsm;\vGrf;rdk;rI
uif;pif&ygrnf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm; vHk;onf ordkif;\jyKjyifajymif;vJrIcHMu&onf csnf;omvQif
jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYü bufvdkufjcif;r½SdbJ? t&Sdudk t&Sdtwdkif; teufjyefol[lí
wpfa,mufrSr&Sdacs/
rdrdwdkY\iJhuGufrIrsm;tm;
ausmfvTm;oGm;Ekdifa&;
twGuf
*½kwpdkuf
jyifqifxm;onfh teufjyefjcif; ed,roHk;ckyg0ifaom pOf;pm;jcif;vkyfxHk;wpfckudk þteufzGifhusrf;ü
ay;xm;ygonf/
yxred,r
yxred,rrSm or®musrf;pm\usrf;wpfusrf;tm; a&;om;pOfu ordkif;aemufcHtajctaeESifh?
usrf;jyKolonf tqdkygusrf;tm; a&;om;&jcif;ordkif;qdkif&m tjzpftysufjzpfonf/ rl&if;usrf;jyKolü
rdrd ajymqdkqufoG,f&jcif;\&nf½,
G fcsufESifh taMumif;t&mwpfckck&Sdonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;cH&ol
a½S;acwf rl&if;pma&;oltwGuf t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhaomt&mudk rl&if;usrf;ü azmfjyvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/
uREfkyfwdkY\ordkif; ausmaxmuf aemufcHr[kwfaom? uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwx
f J&Sdonfht&mr[kwfaom?
uRefawmfwdkY\xHk;wrf;"avh? vlyk*d¾Kvf(0g) toif;awmf? *dkPf;*P\ vdktyfcsufrsm;rygaom
xdkrlvusrf;jyKol\
&nf½G,fcsufrSm
t"duaomh
csufjzpfonf/
vufawGYtoHk;csjcif;u
tNrJvdkufvm&ef jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm\pmydk'fwdkif;ü t"dyÜg,fwpfck½Sd pNrJjzpfNyD;? ESpfckoHk;ckr&Sdacs/
þqdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,frSm rl&if;usrf;jyKolonf ol\acwfumvü 0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifrIjzifh
ajymvdkaom&nf½G,fyifjzpfonf/ wpfckwnf;aom þqdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fudk uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
xHk;wrf;"avhrsm;ESifh
tajctaersm;twGuf
trsKd;rsKd;toHk;csEdkifonf/
þtoHk;csrIrsm;onf
rl&if;usrf;jyKol A[dkjyKaomor®mw&m;ESifh qufpyfae&ygrnf/ xdkYaMumifhyif þteufzGifh
avhvmrIvrf;nTefpmtkyfü or®musrf;pmyg usrf;wpfusrf;pDwdkif;twGuf pum;csD;yg&Sdygonf/
'kwd,ed,r
7
'kwd,ed,rrSm
e*dkyg½Sdaomtydkif;u@rsm;udk
azmfxkwf&efjzpfonf/
or®musrf;pm\
usrf;wpfusrf;pD wdkif;rSm aygif;pyfxm;aomrSwfwrf;rSwf&m wpfckpDjzpfonf/ teufjyefolrsm;ü
tqdkyg? yg½Sdaomor®mw&m; wpf&yfudk oD;jcm;cGJxkwfa&;twGuf tjcm;yg0ifaom or®mw&m;rsm;udk
z,f½Sm;&ef
tcGifhta&;r½Sdacs/
xdkU
aMumifh
usrf;wpfusrf;üygaomtydkif;u@rsm;udk
teufjyefjcif;rjyKrD
xdkusrf;wpfckvHk;\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;
vnf&ef
BudK;pm;&ygrnf/
tydkif;wydkif;pDjzpfaomtcef;BuD;rsm;?
pmydk'frsm;ESifh
tcef;i,frsm;onf
tqdkygusrf;
wpfckvHk;\qdkvdk&if;r[kwfaom
tjcm;t"dyÜg,f½SdEkdifrnf
r[kwfacs/
teufjyefjcif;onf
usrf;wpfckvHk;tm; jcHKíavhvmjcif;rSonf tydkif;u@ tvdkufavhvmjcif;odkU qufvuf&ygonf/
xdkUaMumifh þteufzGifhjcif; avhvmrIvrf;nTefpmtkyfudk tydkif;u@wpfckpDtm; pmydk'frsm;cGJí
tao;pdwfavhvmEkdif&ef
yHHhydk;Ekdifa&;twGuf
pDpOfxm;ygonf/
pmydk'frsm;ESifh
tcef;BuD;?
tcef;i,fcGJjcm;rIrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomf
vnf;
rl&if;pma&;ol\
tawG;tMuHrsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef ulnDay;onf/
0gustvdkuf? pum;pktvdkuf (odkU) u pum;vHk;wvHk;jcif; tvdkufr[kwfbJ? pmydk'ftvkduf
teufjyefjcif;onf rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,fudkem;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/
pmydk'frsm;onf aygif;pyfxm;aom taMumif;t&mwpfckudk tajcjyKjcif;jzpfNyD; ¤if;udkOD;wnfcsuf (odkU)
ajymvdk&if;taMumif;t&mtm; azmfjyaom pm[kac:onf/ tqdkygpmydk'fxJüygaom pum;vHk;wkdif;?
pum;pkwdkif;? 0guswdkif;onf tqkdygpkpnf;xm;aom taMumif;t&m(0g)OD;wnfcsuftaMumif;t&mESifh
wenf;r[kwfwenf;
qufpyfMuonf/
¤if;wdkUonf
xdkt&m
udkuefYowfonf/
tus,fcsJUonf?½Sif;vif;onf/ odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;xkwfonf/ qDavQmfaomteufjyefjcif;\ t"du
aomhcsufrSm tqdkygusrf;wusrf;tm; zGJUpnf;xm;onfhtydkif;u@rsm;rSwqifh rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
tawG;tMuHudk
pmydk'ftvdkuf
em;vnf&efjzpfonf/
acwfopft*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm;
avhvmjcif;tm; jzifh ausmif;om;rsm; xdkodkUjyKEkdif&ef þteufzGifhjcif; avhvmrIvrf;nTeftm;
pDpOfxm;ygonf/ þbmomjyef usrf;rsm;udk a½G;jc,f&jcif;rSm ¤if;wdkUonf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
bmomjyefjcif;oDtdk&Drsm; toHk;jyKMuíjzpfonf/
1. United Bible Society \*&dusrf;rSm jyefvnfrGrf;rHonfh pwkw¬ajrmufxkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf/
(UBS4) þusrf;udk acwfopfrI&if;usrf;qkdif&mynm½Sifrsm;u usrf;ydk'fcGJMujcif;jzpfonf/
2. The New King James Version (NKJV) rSm Textus Receptus [k vlodrsm;aoma½S;½dk;pOfvm
*&drl&if;
usrf;udk
tajcjyKívHk;aphywfaph
bmomjyefusrf;wpfckjzpfonf/
¤if;\
usrf;ydk'fcGJrsm;onf tjcm;bmom jyefrsm;xuf ydkí½Snfonf/ taMumif;t&mrsm;tm;
cGJjcm;owfrSwf&mü ¤if;\pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf taxmuf tuljzpfapygonf/
3. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) onf vHk;aphywfaphhjzifh qDavsmfatmif
bmomjyefaom usrf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf atmufygacwfopf bmomjyefusrf;ESpfckteuf
tv,ftvwfjzpfonf/ ¤if;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; cGJjcm;owfrSwf&mü
tawmfyif taxmuftuljyKonf/
4. The Today's English Version (TEV) rSm United Bible Society rS
xkwfa0aomrl&if;usrf;ESifh tjynfht0 udkufnDaom bmomjyefenf; (dynamic equivalent)
jzifh
bmomjyefaom
usrf;jzpfonf/
acwfopft*Fvdyf
pmzwfol
(0g)
bmompum;ajymqdkolonf rl&if;*&dusrf;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifap&ef tm;xkwf
bmomjyefqdkaom or®musrf;pmjzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü usrf;ydk'frsm;udk
NIV rSm enf;wl taMumif;t&mtm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? pum;ajymoltm;jzifh ydkif;cGJonf/ ¤if;onf
8
teufjyefoltwGuf taxmuf tulrjyKacs/ UBS4 ESifhTEV wdkUudk yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wnf;
xkwfa0jcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? usrf;ydk'fcGJyHk uGJjym;jcm;em;onfrSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&mjzpfonf/
5. Jerusalem Bible (JB) rSm rl&if;usrf;ESifh tjynhft0udkufnDaom bmomjyefenf;(dynamic
jzifhbmomjyefqkdaom
jyifopfumodkvpf
bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/
equivalent)
Oa&mywdkufom;tjrifjzifh usrf;ydk'fcGJ yHkudk EIdif;,SOf&onfrSm taxmuftul vGefpGmjyKonf/
6. þteufzGifhusrf;onf 1995ckESpfu jyefvnfrGrf;rHaomusrf; Updated New American
Standard
Bible
(NASB)
udk
toHk;jyKonf/
¤if;rSm
vHk;aphywfaph
bmomjyefusrf;wpfckjzpfonf/
tydk'fi,frsm;
wpfckNyD;
wpfckteufzGifh&mü
þbmomjyefusrf;\ pmydk'fudkvdkufonf/
wwd,ed,r
þwwd,ed,rrSm or®musrf;pmpum;vHk;rsm; (0g)pum;pkrsm;ü ½SdEkdifonfht"dyÜg,fudk
tus,fjyefUqHk; od½SdEkdif&ef uGJjym;jcm;em;aom bmomjyefusrf;rsm;udk zwf½I&efjzpfonf/ rl&if;*&d
pum;pk(0g)pum;vHk;wpf
vHk;tm;
em;vnfEkdifyHktrsKd;rsKd;
½Sdavh½Sdwwfonf/
¤if;wdkUudk
uGJjym;jcm;em;aombmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm;jzifh
od½Sd&NyD;?
*&drl&if;usrf;uGJrsm;tm;
½Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ ¤if;wdkUonf Mo0g'udx
k dcdkufjcif; r½Sdaomfvnf; a½S;acwfumvü
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;rI&Sdol usrf;jyKq&ma&;om;cJhonfh rl&if;usrf;qDodkUjyefa&muf&ef tm;xkwf&mü
ulnDyHhydk;onf/
þteufzGifhusrf;onf
avhvmoltm;
rdrdudk,fwdkif
teufjyefjcif;udk
jrefqefpGm
ppfaq;Ekdifap&ef jyifqifay;onf/ þodkUjyKjcif;udk twdtustjzpf rSwf,l&efr[kwfaomfvnf;
rSwfom;bG,f&mESifh pOf;pm; bG,f&mrsm;&½Sd&efjzpfonf/ tjcm;jzpfEkdifacs½Sdaom bmomjyef
usrf;rsm;tm;od&jcif;onf uRefawmfwdkUtm; usOf;ajrmif;aomtjrif? Mo0g'pGJ? *dkPf*epGJr½Sdap&ef
ulnDonf/
a½S;a[mif;rl&if;
usrf;\teuft"dyÜg,frnfrQ
roJruGJESifh
'Gd[jzpf
p&maumif;aMumif;tm;odEkdif&ef
rnfuJhodkU
trsKd;rsKd;bmomjyefEkdifaMumif;tm;
us,fjyefUpGm
od½Sd&efvdktyfonf/
or®musrf;pmtm;
rdrdpGJudkifonfh
or®mw&m;\t&if;tjrpftjzpfcH,lol
c&pf,mefrsm; txJü oabmwlnDrI rnfrQenf;yg;aMumif;od&onfrSm xdwfvefUbG,f&myif
aumif;ae avawmhonf/
þed,rrsm;onf
uREfkyfudk
a½S;a[mif;rl&if;usrf;tm;
tywfwukwfavhvm&ef
wGef;tm;ay;vsuf? uREfkyf\ ordkif; aemufcHtajctaersm;pGmtm; atmifjrifausmfvTm;Ekdif&ef
rsm;pGmulnD yHhydk;ay;ygaMumif;/
Bob Utley
East Texas Baptist University
1996ck? ZGefv 27&uf
9
or®musrf;pmtm; aumif;pGmzwf&efvrf;nTef
rSefuefaMumif;oufaoxlí &aomor®mw&m;tm; udk,fwdkifpl;prf;½SmazGjcif;
or®mw&m;udk
uRefawmfwdkUodEkdifygOD;rvm;?
¤if;udk
b,frSm½SmazGawGU½Sd
EkdifrvJ?
or®mw&m;jzpfaMumif; ,kwådaA'enf;jzifh jyEkdifrvm;? tqHk;pGefaomtcGifhtmPm[lí ½SdOD;rvm;?
uRefawmfwdkU\b0
toufwm?
uRefawmfwdkU\urÇmBuD;udk
OD;aqmifvrf;jyEdkifaomt<uif;rJh
taMumif;w&m;rsm;½SdygOD;rvm;? touf½Sif& jcif;ü qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,f½Sdygovm;?
þae&mü
uRefawmfwdkU tb,faMumifh½SdaeMuvJ? b,fae&mqDudk OD;wnfoGm;aeMuvJ? þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
qifjcifpOf;pm;wwfolwdkif; tav;teufar;jref;cJhMuonfh ar;cGef; rsm;jzpfum? todnmPf½Sdaom
vlom;tm;
tcsdefumv\rlvtpuyif
o&Jwapäajcmufovdk
acsmufvefUcJh
aomar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/ (a'oemusrf;? 1;13-18/ 3;9-11)/ uREfkyfb0\tpdwftydkif;rsm;
pkpnf;aygif;pyf &mA[dkcsufrtm; uREfkyfpl;prf;½SmazGcJhyHkudk uREfkyfowd&onf/ c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfol
uREfkyfrdom;pk0ifrsm;\ t"dyÜg,f½Sdaomoufaoay: t"dutm;jzifh tajcjyKNyD;? i,fpOfuyif
c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfolwpfa,muf jzpfvmcJhonf/ t½G,fa&mufvmonfESifhtrQ uREfkyftaMumif;?
uREfkyfaexdkif&mavmutaMumif; ar;jref;p&m rsm;vnf; wdk;ívmygonf/ pmtkyfpmayrsm;xJu
zwf½IcJh&aomt&mrsm;?
awGUMuHKcJh&aom
tawGUtMuHKrsm;udk
½dk;½dk;omref,Ofaus;rI
xHk;wrf;"avhrsm;ESifh ½dk;tDaeaombmoma&;pum; toHk;tEIef;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkYudk t"dyÜg,f
aqmifusOf;ay;Ekdifjcif; r½SdcJhacs/ em;vnf&cufNyD;? Murf;wrf;cufxa&mfaom uREfkyfaexdkif&m urÇm
avmuBuD;tm;&ifqdkif&mü
xdktcsdefrSm
prf;w0g;0g;jzifh
½IyfaxG;vSNyD;?
vdkvm;
awmifhwrIrsm;ESifhjynfhESufae um? rMumcPyif ajrmfvifhcsufuif;rJhcJh&aom umvrsm;yifjzpfacsonf/
tNyD;owfay;aom
þar;cGef;rsm;\tajzrsm;
rdrdwdkUü½Sdonf[k
vltrsm;
tjym;
a<u;aMumfcJhMuaomf vnf;? pl;prf;avhvmNyD;? aocsmpOf;pm;qifjcifonfhtcg olwdkYay;aom
tajzrsm;onf (1) udk,fydkifawG;ac:rI rsm; (2) a½S;acwf'@&Drsm; (3) udk,fydkiftawGYtMuHKrsm;ESifh
(4) tem*wfumvtwGuf pdwfydkif;qdkif&m rSef;q rIrsm;omvQif tajcjyKaMumif;awGY½SdcJh&onf/
uRefawmftvdk½SdonfrSm rdrd\avmutjrif? rdrd\pkpnf;aygif; pyfrItwGuf A[dkcsufrwpfck?
touf½Sifae&jcif;\taMumif;&if;rsm;twGuf wpHkwckaomtwdkif; twmtxd rSefuefaMumif;
oufaojyí&aomtrSefw&m;? oufaoom"utcsKdUESifh tcsKdUaomqifjcifrIrsm; omvQifjzpf onf/
or®musrf;pmtm;avhvm&mü þtcsufrsm;udk uREfkyf½SmazGawGU½SdcJhonf/ uREfkyf\awGU½SdrI
ckdifvHkpdwfcs
&rItwGuf
oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;udk
pwifpl;prf;½SmazGcJh&mwGif
(1)or®musrf;pmonf
ordkif;taMumif;
t&mt&
,HkMunfpdwfcs&aMumif;
a½S;a[mif;
okawoejyKcsufrsm;u twnfjyKaMumif;
(2) "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tem*wådpum;rsm;
wdusrSefuefpGm jynfhpHkcJhaMumif; (3)ESpfaygif; wpfaxmifajcmuf&m twGif;a&;om; xkwfa0onfh
or®musrf;pmyg taMumif;t&mrsm;\ pkpnf;nDnTwfrIESifh (4)or®musrf;pmESifhxdawGUrIaMumifh b0t
oufwmcdkifNrJpGm ajymif;vJoGm;cJholrsm;\ wpfOD;csif; oufaocHcsufrsm;tm; awGY½SdcJh&ygonf/
pepfwus
pkpnf;xm;onfhc&pf,mef0g'onf
vlYb0\½IyfaxG;aeaomar;cGef;rsm;udk
udkifwG,fEdkifpGrf;½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf pOf;pm; qifjcif p&momvQifr[kwb
f J? or®musrf;enf;us
,HkMunfjcif;onf tawGYtMuHKudkygay;pGrf;jcif;onf uREfkyftm; pdwfydkif;qdkif&m 0rf;ajrmufrIESifh
ckdifcHhjcif;udk
ay;ygonf/ or®musrf;pmtm;jzihf em;vnfcJh&onfh twdkif; uREfkyf\b0
pkpnf;&mA[dkjzpfol
c&pfawmftm;
awGU½SdcJh&NyD[k
uREfkyfxifygonf/
¤if;onf
vGefpGm
10
tm½kHcHpm;apNyD;? pdwfvIyf½Sm;aponf/ rnfodkUjzpfap þor®musrf;pmtm; t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk&mü
toif;awmf wpfyg;? "r®ynmoif ausmif;wpfausmif;üyif rnfodkUtrsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;aejcif;onf
uREkfyfwdkUtm; vlEkH? vlcsmwpfa,mufru jzpfoGm;aponfhtcg rnfrQtxdwfwvefUjzpfum?
စpdwfqif;&JcJh&yHktm; uREfkyfowd&ae ygao;onf/ or®musrf;pmonf rIwfoGif;awmfrlí a&;om;jcif;
jzpfaMumif;ESifh?¤if;\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rIwdkUtm; twnf jyKjcif;onf tqHk;r[kwfbJ? tpomvQif
jzpfaeacsawmhonf/
or®musrf;pm\tcGifhtmPmESifh
¤if;\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rIwdkUtm;
ausnmajymqdk
olrsm;twGif;üyif or®musrf;pm\ cufcJaomusrf;ydk'frsm;pGmwdkUtm; teufzGifh&mü wpfrsKd;ESifh
wpfrsKd;qefUusifwdkufcdkufrI trsKd;rsKd; wdkUtm; [kwfr[kwf rnfodkUppfaq;um? (0g)jiif;y,f&ef
rnfodkUuREfkyfvkyfrnfenf;?
þwm0efBuD;onf uREfkyf\b0yef;wdkifESifh ,HkMunfjcif;c&D;oGm;rIyifjzpfonf/ c&pfawmftm;
,HkMunf jcif;onf uREfkyftm; (1) BuD;rm;aomNidrfoufjcif;ESihf 0rf;ajrmufrIay;onf/ tcsif;csif;
ESD;EG,fqufpyfaeaom
uREfkyfwdkU\acwfumv(acwfvGef,Ofaus;rI
(post-modernity)tv,fü
t<uif;rJh w&m;tcsKdU awmifhw cJhygonf/ (2) w,loefaom urÇmYbmoma&;rsm;\
qefUusifwdkufcdkufrIrsm;ESihf
(3)
*dkPf;*epGJaom0ifh0grI
rsm;udkvnf;awGU&ygonf/
a½S;acwfpmayrsm;tm; bmomjyef&mü cdkifrmpGmcsOf;uyfum? pl;prf;½SmazG&if;ESifhyif ordkif;a&;&m?
,OfausrIa&;&m? *dkPf;*ea&;&mESifh tawGUtMuHKqdkif&mwdkUü uREfkyu
f dk,fwdkif\ iJhuGufrIrsm;udk
xdwfvefUbG,f&m awGU½Sdco
Jh nf/ uREfkyfonf or®musrf;pmudk uREfkyf\ordkif;qdkif&m? xHk;wrf;pOfvm?
*kdPf;*e qdkif&mESifh tawGYtMuHKqdkif&miJhuGufrI? bufvdkufrIrsm;tm; yHhydk;ap&ef rMumcP
zwfavh½SdcJhonf/
uREfkyf
udk,fwdkifü
vHkjcHKrIuif;rJhyHkESifh?
avsmfuefjynfhpHkjcif;uif;rJhyHkwdkUudk
xyfrHítwnfjyK&if;jzifh?
txufyg
uREkfyf\
iJhuGufjcif;oabmudkyif
tjcm;olrsm;tm;
qefUusifwdkufcdkuf&ef t,l0g'qdkif&m t&if;tjrpfwpf&yftjzpf toHk;jyKcJhygao;onf/ rdrdudk,füu
þodkUjzpfaMumif;tm; oabmayguf&jcif;onf emusnf;bG,f&m aumif;vSygbdawmhonf!
uREfkyfonf t½Sdudkt½Sdwdkif; t<uif;rJhrnfonfhtcgürQ ½IjrifEkdifpGrf;½Sdrnfr[kwfaomfvnf;
or®musrf; pmzwf½I&mü ydkíawmfvmygonf/ uREfkyfü rnfuJhodkUaom iJhuGufrIrsm;½SdaMumif;od½Sdum?
¤if;tm; 0efcHonfh tcg uREfkyf\iJhuGufwwfaomoabmudk uefYowfavQmhcsEdkifvmonf/ ¤if;wdkUESifh
ruif;½Sif; Ekdifao;aomfvnf; uREfkyf\tm;enf;csufwdkUudk ra½Smif½Sm;bJ&ifqdkifvmcJhonf/ usrf;pm
teufjyefolonf or®musrf;pm tm; aumif;pGmzwf½Ijcif;\tqdk;0g;qHk; &efoljzpfaeavh½Sdonf/
or®musrf;pmavhvm&mü uREfkyfcH,laomtcsuftcsdKUwdkUtm; azmfyg&ap/ taMumif;rSm
pm½Iolonf ¤if;wdkUudk uREfkyfESifhtwl qef;ppfoGm;Ekdif&efjzpfygonf/
1/ rSefonf[k cH,laomtcsufrsm;
u/ or®musrf;pmonf
wpfqlwnf;ppfrSefawmfrlaombk&m;\
rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyjcif;tm;?
vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; rIwfoGif;aomusrf;jzpfonf[k uRefawmf,HkMunfygonf/ ordkif;qdkif&m
wdusaomtcsdefumvwpfck twGif;? vlom;pma&;olwpfa,mufudk toHk;jyKaomrl&if;
pma&;oljzpfonfh 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;ü rnf onfh&nf½G,fcsuf½SdaMumif;tm; tajcjyKum?
or®musrf;pmudk teufzGifh&efjzpfonf/
c/ or®musrf;pmudk vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf[k uREfkyf,HkMunfonf!
bk&m;ocifonf
ordkif;acwfumvwpfckESifh
,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;
wrf;wpfrsKd;\
11
abmifcGifwpfcktwGif; rdrdukd,frdrd vdkufavsmnDaxGaeum? uREfkyfwdkUtm; ½Sif;vif;pGm
pum;ajymonf/ bk&m;ocifonf or®mw&m;udk zGwfxm;jcif;rjyKbJ? uRefawmfhudk
em;vnfapcsifonf!xdkUaMumifh
¤if;tm;
rdrdwkUd \tjrifjzifh
teuf
rjyefbJ?
xdkacwfumv\tjrifjzifh teufjyef&efjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkUtwGuf or®musrf;pm\qdkvdk
&if;rSm ¤if;tm; yxrqHk;zwf½IcJhol(0g)Mum;emcJholrsm;twGuf t"dyÜg,fr½Sdaomt&mrsKd;
rjzpfEkdifacs/ or®musrf;pmonf omrmefvlom;csif; qufoG,frIyHkpHESifh enf;vrf;rsm;udkom
toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfojzifh omrefvlom;wdkif; em;vnfEkdifonf/
*/
or®musrf;pmü
pkpnf;nDnTwfaom
owif;pum;ESihf
&nf½G,fcsuf½Sdonf[k
uREkfyf,HkMunfonf/ ¤if;ü em;vnf&cufNyD;? wpfckESifhwpfck qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef½Sdaom
usrf;ydk'frsm; yg½Sdaomfvnf; or®m usrf;pmonf rdrdudk,frdrd qefYusifbufrjyKacs/ odkUjzihf
taumif;qHk;aom or®musrf;pmteufjyefolrSm or®musrf;pmyifjzpfonf/
C/
tem*wådpum;rsm;
tygt0ifusrf;ydk'fwdkif;ü
rIwfoGif;jcif;cHaom
pma&;ol\
rlv&nf½G,fcsufay:
tajccHonfhqdkvdk&if; teuft"dyÜg,fwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif½Sdonf[k
uRefawmf,HkMunfonf/ rl&if;pm a&;ol\&nf½,
G f&if;tcsuftm; uREfkyfwdkUod½Sdxm;onf[k
rnfonfhtcgürQ t<uif;rJhaocsmEkdifMu rnfr[kwfaomfvnf; ¤if;udk nTefjyaomtcsuf
rsm;pGmum; ½Sdaeygonf/
1/ owif;pum;tm; azmfjy&efoHk;onfh pma&;[ef
2/
a&;om;onfht&mtm;
ay:vGifxif½Sm;aponfhordkif;qdkif&m
(0g)
wdusonfhtjzpftysuf
3/
usrf;wpfusrf;pD
üyg½Sdaom
taMumif;t&mrsm;enf;wl?
wpfusrf;vHk;ü
yg½SdaomtaMumif;t&m
4/
usrf;wpfusrf;pD\ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkUonf wpfusrf;vHk;\
owif;pum;ESifh
qufpyfyHk
5/ yg½Sdaomowif;pum;tm; ydkUaqmif&eftoHk;jyKonfh o'´gydkif;qdkif&m wdusaom
Muiftifvu© Pmrsm;
6/ yg½Sdaomowif;pum;tm; wifjy&ef a½G;cs,ftoHk;jyKonfhpum;vHk;rsm;
7/
qifwlusrf;ydk'frsm;
þu@wpfckpDtm;
avhvmjcif;onfyif
usrf;ydk'fwpfcktm;
avhvmjcif;\
&nf½G,fcsufjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmaumif;pGm zwf½Ijcif;twGuf uREfkyf\enf;pHepfudk ½Sif;vif;
azmfjyjcif;rjyKrD? ,aeUtoHk;jyK vsuf½SdaeMuum? teufzGifhjcif;tm; trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;apojzifh?
a½SmifusOf&efjzpfonfh? Oifhavsmf vHkavmufjcif; r½Sdaom enf;pHepfrsm;udk tao;pdwfazmfjyyg&ap/
2/
oihfavsmfvHkavmufjcif;r½Sdaom enf;pHepfrsm;
u/
or®musrf;pmxJ½Sdaom
usrf;rsm;üyg½SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
vpfvsL½Ium?
rl&if;pma&;ol\
&nf½G,fcsuf(0g)ydkrdkus,fjyefUonfhtaMumif;t&mwdUk ESifh
qufpyfjcif;
r½Sdaomfvnf; 0guswpfck?0gus wpfck\tpdwf tydkif;wpfck (0g) pum;vHk;wpfvHk;udkyif
toHk;jyKum or®mw&m;tjzpf azmfjyajym qdkjcif;/ ¤if;udk ]]usrf;csufwpfckwnf;jzifh
twnfjyKjcif;}}-]]proof-texting}}[kac:onf/
12
c/
usrf;wpfusrf;\ordkif;aMumif;tm;
vpfvsL½Ium?
yg½SdaomtaMumif;t&m\
ausmaxmufaemufcH
tenf;i,frQom
yg½Sdaom(0g)vHk;0ryg½Sdaom
rdrd,lqonfh
ordkif;aMumif;wpfckjzifh tpm;xdk;jcif;?
*/
usrf;wpfusrf;\ordkif;aMumif;tm;
vpfvsL½Ium
acwfopfc&pf,mefrsm;twGuf
t"dutm;jzifh a&;om;aom aeUpOfxkwf owif;wpfapmifuJhodkU or®musrf;pmtm;
zwf½Ijcif;/
C/ usrf;wpfusrf;\ordkif;aMumif;tm;
vpfvsL½Ium?
yxrOD;qHk;
Mum;emolrsm;\
em;vnfoabm
aygufyHkESifh
rl&if;pma&;ol\
&nf½G,fcsufwdkUESifh
qufpyfjcif;
vHk;0uif;rJhaom awG;ac:ajrmfjrifrI qdkif&m? oabmw&m;tm;jzifh OyrmjyKí t"dyÜg,f
zGifhqdkjcif;/
i/
rl&if;owif;pum;udk
vpfvsL½Ium
rdrd\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&mrsm;?
rdrdpdwfBudKufMo0g'(0g) rl&if; pma&;ol\ &nf½G,fcsufESifhazmfjyonfh taMumif;t&mESifh
qufpyfjcif;r½Sdaom acwfNydKiftaMumif; t&mrsm;ESifhtpm;xdk;jcif;/ þtrsKd;tpm;ü
tpjyKusrf;pmzwfjcif;rSm a[majymol\a[majymcsuf tm;twnfjyK&ef toHk;csjcif;om
jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk]]pmzwfol\ wHkUjyefrI}} (uREfkyftwGuf usrf;ydk'f\ qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,f)
tm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;[kac:onf/
pmayta&;tom;jzihfjyKaom vlom;rsm;\qufoG,frItm;vHk;ü tenf;qHk;tpdwftydkif;
oHk;ckyg0if onf/
rl&if;pma&;ol
\&nf½G,fcsuf
a&;om;aom
aMumif;t&m
rlvvufcH
&½Sdolrsm;
vGefcJhaomumvrsm;ü zwf½Ijcif;enf;ynmtrsKd;rsKd;wdkUonf þtpdwftydkif;oHk;ck teufwpfckck
tm;pl; pdkufcJhonf/ odkUaomf or®musrf;pmonf 0dnmOfawmfrIwo
f Gif;jcif; tppftrSefjzpfaMumif;
tckdkiftrmjyK&mü wpfzufapmif; eif;rusaomyHkpHZ,m;rsKd; ydkrdkqDavsmfonf/
oefU½Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf
rl&if;pma&;ol\
&nf½G,fcsuf
rsKd;uGJvufa&;
usrf;rsm;
a&;om;aom
taMumif;t&m
aemufydkif;
,HkMunfolrsm;
rlvvufcH
&½Sdolrsm;
teufjyef&mü
þtpdwftydkif;oHk;ckpvHk;
yg0if&onf/
rSefuefaMumif;
jyo&mü?
yxrESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh rl&if;pma&;olESihf? ola&;om;onfhtaMumif;t&mudk tajcjyKum? uRefawmf
teufjyefavh½Sdygonf/ þodkYjyK jcif;jzifh uREfkyfavhvmcJhaomrSm;,Gif;pGm toHk;jyKcJhMuonfh
(1)usrf;ydk'ftm;
Oyrmwifpm;rIom
jzpfapjcif;(0g)
0dnmOfa&;tm;jzifhomrSwf,ljcif;
(2)pmzwfol\wHkUjyefrI (uREfkyftwGuf usrf;ydk'f\qkdvdk&if;t"dyÜg,f)yHkpH rsKd;jzifh vdkufvkyfjcif;jzpf
csifvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ rnfonfhtqifh? rnfonfhtydkif;ürqdk vTJrSm;pGmtoHk;jyKrI jzpfEdkifonf/
rdrd\&nf½G,fcsufrsm;? rdrd\iJhuGufrIrsm;? enf;vrf;ESifhtoHk;jyKrIrsm;udk tNrJqef;ppf&efvkdonf/
odkUaomf teufjyefrIrsm;ü uefUowfcsufrsm;? owfrSwf&ef pHrsm;twGuf e,fedrdwfwpfck
odkUjzifh
rl&if;pma&;ol\
owfrSwfjcif;rjyKygu
¤if;wdkUudk
rnfodkUppfaq;Edkifrnfenf;?
13
&nf½G,fcsufESifh rl&if;pm\zGJUpnf;yHkwdkYonf jzpfEkdifacs½Sdaom w&m;0ifteufjyefrI\jrifuGif;udk
uefYowfjcif; jyKEdkif&ef owfrSwfcsufpHEIef;tcsKdUay;yg onf/
oifhavsmfjcif;r½Sdaom tqdkygzwf½Ijcif;enf;rsm; toHk;jyKMuonfjzpf&um;? or®musrf;pmtm;
aumif; rGefpGm zwf½Ijcif;ESifh teufjyefjcif;tm; twdkif;twmwpfcktxd rSefuefaMumif;jyoEdkif&efESifh
udkufnDrI½Sd&ef rnfuJhodkYcsOf;uyfrnfenf;?
or®musrf;pm aumif;rGefpGmzwf½Ijcif;twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifaomcsOf;uyfrIrsm;
teufjyefjcif; twwfynmqdkif&mtqifhjrifh oD;oefYtrsKd;tpm;rsm;taMumif; uREfkyfaqG;aEG;&ef
r&nf
½G,fbJ?
or®musrf;½Sd
usrf;wdkif;ütoH;k csEkdifrnfh
a,bk,soabmed,rrsm;udkom
aqG;aEG;vdkygonf/ tqdkyg oD;oefYtrsKd;tpm;rsm;twGuf aumif;rGefaompmtkyfwpftkyfrSm Gordon
Fee ESifh Douglas Stuart wdkU a&;om; jyKpkNyD; Zondervan pmtkyfwdkufuxkwfa0aom How To Read
The Bible For All Its Worth pmtkyfjzpfonf/
uREfkyf\enf;vrf;onf pmzwfoludk tpjyKA[dkjyKNyD;? ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; av;ausmhrSwpfqifh
uREfkyf wdkUudk or®musrf;pmtm; t"dyÜg,f½Sif;vif;ap&ef0dnmOfawmftm; cGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
þpHepfonf 0dnmOfawmf? rl&if;pmESifh pmzwfolwdkUtm; 'kwd,ae&mürxm;bJ? rlvtajccH
jyKxm;onf/ þenf;onf pmzwfoltm; teufzGifhusrf;jyKolrsm;\ wzufowf vGrf;rdk;rIrSvnf;
umuG,fonf/ ]]or®musrf;pmonf teufzGihfusrf;rsm; udkem;vnf&ef rsm;pGmyHhydk;onf}}[laom
ajymqdkcsufudk uREfkyfMum;cJhbl;ygonf/ avhvmrItulypönf;rsm;tm; avsmhwGufjcif;r[kwfbJ?
¤if;wdkUtm;toHk;jyK&mü tvGeftuRH rjzpfap&ef arwåm&yfcHjcif; rQomjzpfonf/
rdrdwdkU\teufzGifhrItm; rl&if;usrf;tm;jzihf taxmuftxm;jyKEkdif&ygrnf/ rSefuefaMumif;
twdkif; twmwpfckxd azmfxkwfjcif;udk tenf;qHk;u@av;ckrS &,lEdkifonf/
1/ rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
u/ ordkif;aemufcH
c/ rl&if;pm
2/ rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ a½G;cs,frI
u/ o'´gydkif;qdkif&m wnfaqmufyHk (syntax)
c/ acwfumvqdkif&m pum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;
*/
pma&;om;yHk trsKd;tpm; (genre)
3/ rdrdwdkU\qDavsmfaom oabmaygufem;vnfrI
u/ oufqdkifqDavsmfrI½Sdaom tvm;wlpmydk'frsm;
c/ Mo0g'rsm;\qufpyfrI (paradox)
rdrdwdkU\teufjyefjcif;twGuf taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU,kwådwefaMumif; azmfjyEdkif&ef
vdkonf/ or®musrf;pm onfomvQif ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhusihfoHk;rItwGuf rlv&if;jrpfjzpfonf/
c&pf,mefwdkUonf or®m usrf;pmoGefoifaomt&m(0g) ¤if;u tcdkiftrmajymaomt&mrsm;tay:
rMumcP oabmxm;uGJjym;MuonfrSm 0rf;enf;p&maumif;vSonf/ ¤if;rSm or®musrf;pmudk
0dnmOfawmfrI oGif;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; tcdkiftrmr ajymEdkifjcif;ESifh or®musrf;pm\oGefoifrIrsm;ESifh
awmif;qdkrIrsm;tay: ,HkMunfolrsm; oabmrwlEkdifMujcif; jzpfonf/
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif;
av;ausmhwdkUudk
teufjyef&ef
atmufygtodtjrifwdkUudk&½Sdap&ef
pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpf onf/
3/
14
u/
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; yxrtausmh
1/
usrf;pmudk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifhzwfyg/ ¤if;udkyif tjcm;bmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;rS
jyefzwfyg/ bmomjyefjcif; rl0g'rwlaom usrf;wpfusrf;jzpfap&ef arQmfvifhygonf/
(1) vHk;aphywfaphbmomjyefusrf; (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)
(2) tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyefusrf; (JEV, JB)
(3) csJUum;aom bmomjyefusrf; (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)
2/ rdrdzwf½Iaom xdkusrf;wpfckvHk;\ A[kdjyK&m&nf½G,fcsufudk½SmazGyg/ ¤if;\OD;wnfcsuf
owfrSwf yg/
3/ þA[dkjyK&m &nf½G,fcsuf(0g)OD;wnfcsuftm; jzpfEkdifygu pmwpfydk'f? tcef;BuD;
wpfcef;(0g) 0gus wpfaMumif;jzifh ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyyg/
4/ rnfuJhodkUaompmayrsKd;jzpfaMumif; owfrSwfyg
(u) "r®a[mif;usrf;
(1) a[NAJ ordkif;yHkjyif
(2) a[NAJuAsm? tvuFm (ynmqdkif&mpmay? qmvHoDcsif;)
(3) a[NAJtem*wådusrf; (pum;ajy? uAsm)
(4) w&m;Oya'rsm; (ynwfusrf;)
(c) "r®opfusrf;
(1) ordkif;aMumif;rsm; (c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;? wrefawmf0w¬K)
(2) yHkaqmifcsufrsm; (c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;)
(3) ay;pm^Mo0g'pmrsm;
(4) aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;qdkif&m pmay
c/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; 'kwd,tausmh
1/ xdkusrf;wpfusrf;vHk; jyefzwfyg/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ½SmazGazmfxkwfyg
2/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk tusOf;csKHUum? yg0ifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ½dk;½dk;av;jzifh
azmfjyyg/
3/
rdrdazmfjyaom&nf½G,fcsufESifh
rdrdtusOf;csKHUjyKjcif;ukd
tjcm;aomavhvmrI
tulpmtkyfrsm;toHk;jyK um ppfaq;ícsJUxGifyg/
*/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; wwd,tausmh
1/
tqdkygusrf;wpftkyfvHk;jyefzwfí?
xdkusrf;tm;
a&;om;&jcif;\ordkif;aemufcHESifh
tjzpftysuf wdkUudk or®musrf;pmxJrS ½SmazGazmfxkwfyg/
2/ or®musrf;pmxJ azmfjyonfhordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg
(u) usrf;jyKol
(c) &ufpGJ
(*) vufcH&½Sdolrsm;
(C) a&;om;&jcif;\ taMumif;t&if;
(i)a&;om;&jcif;\taMumif;&if;ESifhqufpyfaom xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&mu@rsm;
15
(p) ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh tjzpftysufrsm;
3/ rdrdteufjyefonfh usrf;\tqdkygtydkif;tm; rdrdtusOf;csKHUrIudk pmydk'ftqifhcsJUyg/
pmayrsKd;tpm; udkazmfjyí tusOf;csKHUyg/ ¤if;onf tcef;BuD;tcsKdU (0g) pmydk'fESifh
csDum½SdEkdifonf/ þodkUjyKjcif; onf rl&if;usrf;jyKol\tawG;tac:ESifh rl&if;pm\
zGJUpnf;yHktm; em;vnfEkdif&efyHhydk;vdrfhrnf/
4/ rdrd\ordkif;aMumif; azmfjyrItm; avhvmrItulpmtkyfrsm; toHk;jyKum? ppfaq;yg/
C/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; pwkw¬tausmh
1/ rdrdzwfaomusrf;udkyif bmomjyefusrf;trsKd;rsKd;rS wpfcgjyefzwfyg/
(u) vHk;aphywfaph bmomjyef (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)
(c) tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyef (TEV, JB)
(*) csJUum;aom bmomjyef (Living Bible, Amptified Bible)
2/ pmay (0g) o'´gqdkif&m zGJUpnf;rIrsm;
(u) xyfíazmfjyaompum;pkrsm;-{zuf 1;6? 12?13
(c) xyfaeaom o'´gqdkif&mzGJUpnf;rI-a&mr 8;31
(*) qefUusifbuf t,ltqrsm;
3/ atmufygtrsKd;tpm;wdkUudk jyKpkyg
(u) ay:vGif xif½Sm;aom a0g[m&rsm;
(c) oHk;aeusr[kwfaom a0g[m&rsm;
(*) ta&;BuD;aom o'´gzGJUpnf;rIrsm;
(C) txl;cufcJaom pum;vHk;rsm;? 0gustpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh 0gusrsm;
4/ qDavsmfaomtvm;wl pmydk'frsKd;udk ½SmazGyg/
u/ atmufygwdkUudk toHk;jyKum? rdrd\taMumif;t&mtm; t½Sif;vif;qHk;azmfjyaom
pmydk'fukd½Sm yg/
(1) "r®ynmtm; pHepfuspGm avhvmaompmtkyfrsm; (''systematic theology'' books)
(2) usrf;nTef;yg usrf;pmtkyfrsm;
(3) wlnDaompum;vHk;tvdkuf usrf;nTef;azmfjyaompmtkyfrsm; (concordances)
c/ qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef½Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYr[kwfaom (paradox) azmfjycsuf
rsKd;½Sdr½Sd½SmazGyg/
or®musrf;pm\
or®mw&m;trsm;tjym;wdkYudk
tusKd;oif
taMumif;oifhpGm azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ *dkPf;*ecsif; qefUusifwdkufcdkufrI rsm;pGmwdkYrSm
usrf;csufwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKjcif; (proof-texting) rS ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfNyD;?
or®musrf;pmqdkif&m wif;rmrIwpf0ufudk ¤if;uzefwD; onf/ or®musrf;pmtm;vHk;
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfojzifh? teufjyef&mü or®musrf;enf; us[efcsufnDap&ef
taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufpHkvifpGm pl;prf;½SmazG&ygrnf/
*/ tvm;wl taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rdrdzwf½Iaomusrf;xJüvnf;aumif;?
¤if; usrf;tm;jyKpkol a&;om;onfh tjcm;usrf;rsm;üvnf;aumif;? (odkU)tvm;wl
pmaytrsKd;tpm; wdkUü ½SmazGyg/ or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;udk a&;om;olrSm
0dnmOfawmf wpfyg;wnf; omvQifjzpf &um;? or®musrf;pmtm; taumif;qHk;
teufjyefolrSm or®musrf;pmyifjzpfonf/
16
5/
ordkif;aMumif;ESifh
tjzpftysufrsm;taMumif;
rdrd\avhvmrIrsm;udkppfaq;&ef
taxmuftuljyK pmtkyfrsm;oHk;yg/
(u) avhvmrIESifh wGJzufaomor®musrf;pmrsm;
(c)
or®musrf;pmqdkif&m okwpG,fpu
Hk srf;rsm;? vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;ESifh tbd"gefrsm;?
(*)
or®musrf;pm rdwfqufpmtkyfrsm;
(C)
teufzGifhusrf;rsm;/ (þtqifhü twdwfumvu ,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh
,ckvuf½Sd,HkMunf olrsm;onf rdrd\avhvmrItm;ulnD&efESifh trSm;jyif
ay;Ekdif&ef cGifhjyKyg)
or®musrf;pmteufjyefrItm; vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;?
,ckvufawGUtoHk;csjcif;tydkif;odkU OD;vSnfhMurnf/ rdrdzwf½IaomtaMumif;t&mtm;
rl&if;twdkif;
em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif&ef
tcsdef,lcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/
,ckwpfcg
¤if;udk
rdrdtoufwmxJ? rdrd,mOf aus;rIe,fy,fxJüyif toHk;cs&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm\tcGifhtmPmudk
uRefawmft"dyÜg,f owfrSwfyHkrSm ]]rl&if;usrf;jyKolonf rdrdacwf? rdrdumvü ajymonfh
t&mtm;em;vnfum?
tqdkyg
or®mw&m;ukdyif
,aeU
uRefawmfwdkU\acwfumvü
vufawGUtoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf}}[líjzpf\/
rl&if;usrf;jyKonfh
tcsdefumvESifhtusKd;taMumif;
oabmjzifh&nf½G,fonfht&mtm;
teufjyefazmf xkwfrIudk vufawGUusifhoHk;rIu vdkufygvm&ygrnf/ or®musrf;pmtydk'fwpfydk'fonf
olUacwfolUtcgu ajymcJhaomt&mtm; em;rvnfrcsif;? ,aeUrdrd\acwfumvtwGuf toHk;jyKEkdif
rnfr[kwfacs/ usrf;ydk'fwpf ydk'f\qdkvdkcsuf r[kwfcJhbl;aomt&mwpfckonf? ,aeUumv\
qdkvdkcsufvnf;rjzpfEkdifacs/
tao;pdwfazmfjyonfh
t"dutaMumif;t&maumufEIwfcsuftm;
pmydk'fwpfcktjzpf
csJUía&;om;rI onf(ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif;\tausmh#3) oif\vrf;nTefjzpfaeayrnf/ vufawGY
toHk;csjcif;tm; pum;vHk; tqifhür,lbJ? pmydk'ftqifhüom ,l&ygrnf/ pum;vHk;wpfvHk;onf
¤if;pum;vHk;ESifh tquftpyfrsm;üom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ 0gustydkif;wpfydkif;onf ¤if;tydkif;ESifh
tquftpyfrsm;ü t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ teufjyefjcif; vkyfief;pOfü 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;&½SdolrSm
rl&if;usrf;jyKol omvQifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm 0dnmOfawmf \½Sif;vif;azmfjyrItm;jzifh?
rl&if;usrf;jyKolOD;aqmifac:oGm;&maemufü vdkufoGm;Mujcif; omjzpfonf/ odkUaomf ½Sif;vif;atmif
]]bk&m;½Sif
þodkUrdefUqdkonf}}[kqdkum?
rl&if;
azmfjyrIrSm
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfacs/
usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsufüom
NrJjrHae&efjzpfonf/
vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;onf
a&;om;csuf
wpfckvHk;\a,bk ,s&nf½G,fcsuf? pmaytrsKd;tpm;ESifh tus,fcsJU xm;aompmyd'k f tqifhwdkYESifh
twdtusqufpyfae&ygrnf/
uRefawmfwdkU\
,aeYacwfumvtaMumif;t&mtm;jzifh
or®musrf;pmudk
teufjyef
cGifhrjyKygESifh/ or®m usrf;pmudkom pum;ajymapyg/ xdkUaMumifh rl&if;pmrSe,
d rrsm; qGJxkwf&ef
vdktyfaumif;
vdktyfEkdifonf/
rdrd
xkwfEIwfonfhed,ronf
rl&if;pmESihfudkufnDygu
w&m;0ifjzpfygonf/ uHraumif;? taMumif;rvSpGmyif uRefawmfwdkU\ed,rrsm;onf rl&if;pm\
ed,rrsm; r[kwfrlbJ? ]]uRefawmfwdkU udk,fydkif}}\ ed,rrsm;omvQif jzpfavhjzpfx½Sdonf/
or®musrf;pmtm; vufawGUtoHk;jyK&mü or®musrf;pm½Sd usrf;wpfusrf;twGuf qdkvdk&if;
t"dyÜg,f wpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif w&m;0ifonf/ (tem*wådusrf;rsm;ürl xdkodkUr[kwfacs/) tqdkyg
qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,frSm rl&if;usrf;jyKolu ta&;wBuD;jzpfaom(0g)olUtcsdefolUtcgu vdktyfcsuf
4/
17
wpfcktm; &nfpl;ajymqdk&mü xm;½Sd aom &nf½G,fcsufESifhqufpyfonf/ xdkwpfrsKd; aomqdkvdk&if;
t"dyÜg,frS jzpfEkdifacs½Sdaom vufawGYtoHk;csrI rsm;pGm&,lEkdifonf/ þvufawGU toHk;csjcif;onf
xdkusrf;tm; vufcH&½Sdolrsm;\vdktyfcsufay: tajcjyK xm;jcif;jzpfonfhjyif? rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fESifh qufpyfae&ygrnf/
teufzGifhjcif;ü 0dnmOfa&;&mtydkif;
tckxd
uREfkyfaqG;aEG;oifjyaeonfrSm
teufzGifhjcif;ESifhtoHk;csjcif;
vkyfief;pOfü
yg0ifaomaMumif;usKd; pOf;pm;awG;awmjcif;ESifh rl&if;pmqdkif&mrsm;jzpfonf/ ,ckteufjyefjcif;\
0dnmOfa&;&mtydkif;tm; tusOf;csKHU aqG;aEG;wifjyyg&ap/
u/ 0dnmOfawmf\ulnDyHhydk;rItwGuf qkawmif;yg/ (1aum 1;26- 2;6)
c/ rdrdod½Sdaomtjypfrsm;rS tjypfvTwfjcif;ESifh oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapa&;twGuf qkawmif;yg/
(1a,m 1;9)
*/ bk&m;ociftm; ydkrdkBuD;rm;pGm od½SdvdkaompdwfqEárG;jrLEdkif&ef qkawmif;yg/ (qmvH 19;714/ 42;1/ 119;1)
C/ tawG;tjrifopfwpfckck&ygu csufjcif;toHk;jyKyg/
i/ ESdrfhcspGmjzifh oGefoifí&aomol wpfa,mufjzpfaeygap/
tusKd;taMumif;qufpyfrIjzpfpOfESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifvrf;jyrIwdkUtMum;
[efcsuf nDnD qufvufxdef;xm;a&;rSm tvGefcufcJonf/ þt&mESpfck[efcsufnDap&ef atmufyg
&nfnTef;csufwdkY onf uREfkyfudkrsm;pGmyHhydk;onf/
5/
u/
James W.Sire
\]]vdrfwGefUaom or®musrf;pm}} pmrsufESm 17-18 (Scripture
Twisting pp.
17-18)
]] ½Sif;vif;oabmaygufapjcif;tvkyfonf
0dnmOfawmfESifhjynhf0ol
vufa½G;pif
vlvufwqkyfpmrsm;ü omvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;pdwfxJü a&muf½Sdvmonf/ c&pf,mefü
okcrdef
tqifhtwef;r½Sd?tMum;
tjrifaygufol[lí
oD;oefUr½Sd?
rSeu
f efaomteufjyefrI
tm;vHk;vm&rnfh oD;oefYvlyk*¾dKvf[lír½Sdacs/oefU½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfonf ynm0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;?
xdk;xGifodjrifjcif; qkaus;Zl;? 0dnmOfa&;qdkif&m cGJjcm;odjrifwwf jcif;qkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;onfrSm
rSefaomfvnf; EIwfuywfawmftm; teufzGifh&ef tcGifhtmPmudk 0dnmOfqkaus; Zl;&½Sdol
þc&pf,mefrsm;üom tyfESif;onfr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocifxHrS txl;wwfpGrf;EkdifrI&½Sdxm;ol tqdkyg
vlrsm;tay:üyif tcGifhtmPmydkifvltjzpf &yfwnfaeum? or®musrf;pmtm; &nfnTef;udk;um;vsuf
avhvm qnf;yl;&ef? pD&ifqHk;jzwf&efESifh ydkif;jcm;odjrif&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwdkif;tm;
tyfESif;xm;onf/ þusrf;wpfusrf;vHk;twGuf uREfkyf\t,ltqtusOf;csKH;rSm or®musrf;pmonf
vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;odkU bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyrItppftrSefjzpfonf/ ¤if;ajymqdkonfh
t&mcyfodrf;wdkUonf
uRefawmfwdkU\
tqHk;pGefaom
tcGifhtmPmjzpfonf/
¤if;onf
zHk;uG,fxm;onfh vQKdU0Sufaomt&mr[kwfrlbJ? vlrsKd;ra½G; aumif;rGefvHkavmufpGm em;vnf
oabmaygufEdkifaom usrf;jzpfonf/}}}
c/
ü awGY½Sd&onfhKiekegaard \]]umodkvpfr[kwfolrsm; or®musrf;pmtm;
teufjyefyHk}} pm 75/ (Protestant Biblical Interpretation)
Bernard Ramm
18
]]or®musrf;pmtm; o'´genf;us? rl&if;bmompum;&yfrsm;tm;jzifh? ordkif;aMumif;tajccHum
avhvm jcif;wdkUrSm vdktyfonfrSefaomfvnf; t"durSm or®musrf;pmtm; ppfrSefpGmzwf½Ijcif;jzpfonf/
or®musrf;pm tm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;tjzpf zwf½Ijcif;[lonf rdrd\ESvHk;om;tm;jzifh
ajrmfvifhwBuD;? ajczsm; axmufum? bk&m;ocifESifhpum; pjrnfajymjcif;tjzpf EIwfxJr
zwf½I&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; rqifr jcifjzpfap? jzpfovdkjzpfap? ynmESifhjzpfap?
tvkyfoabmjzifhjzpfap zwf½Ijcif;wdkUrSm or®musrf;pmtm; bk&m; ocif\EIwfuywfawmftaejzifh
zwf½Ijcif;r[kwfacs/ vlwpfa,mufonf ¤if;tm; rdrd\cspfol&nf;pm; ay;ydkU onfhpmwpfapmif
tvm;zwf½IonfhtcgüomvQif ¤if;tm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftjzpfzwf½Ijcif;rnf ayonf}}f/
*/
]]qDavsmfrI½Sdaom or®musrf;pm}} (The Relevance of the Bible) pm? 19
]]or®musrf;pmtm;
OD;aESmuftm;jzifh
em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf
¤if;\
b@wdkuftvHk;pHktm; tjynfht0ydkifqdkifapEdkifvdrfhrnfh r[kwfacs/ xdkodkUaom em;vnfoabmayguf
jcif;onfvnf; jynfhpHkpGm oabm aygufjcif;twGuf r½Sdrjzpf ta&;BuD;t&mjzpfojzifh ½IwfcsrIjyKjcif;
r[kwfacs/ þusrf;tm; tjynfht0 em;vnfoabmayguf&efqdkvQif ¤if;\ 0dnmOfb@
wdkuftaMumif;tm; 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnf oabmaygufrI vdktyfonf/ xdkodkU 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnf
oabmaygufjcif;½Sdap&ef todnmPfqdkif&m Edk;Mum;rIxuf ausmfvGefaom t&mwpfckvdktyfonf/
0dnmOfa&;udpöudk
0dnmOftm;jzifhom
cGJjcm;odjrifEkdifonfjzpf&um;?
or®musrf;pm
oif,lavhvmolonf rdrd\ odyÜHenf;usavhvmrIudk ausmfvGefum? usrf;wumwdkU\ usrf;jzpfaom
þusrf;\ ydkrdk<u,f0aomtarGtESpfrsm; ydkifqdkif&½Sd&eftvdkUiSg? rdrdudk,frdrd udk,fawmfjrwfxH
qufuyftyfESH Edkifa&;twGuf bk&m;ociftm; ½SmazGawGU½Sdvdkonfh jyif;jyaom qEÉSifh? 0dnmOfa&;&m
emcHwwfaompdwfae pdwfxm;½Sd&ef vdktyfonf/}}
6/
H. H. Rowley \
þteufzGifhusrf;\enf;vrf;
þteufzGifhjcif; avhvmrIvrf;nTef\teufzGifhjcif; vkyfief;pOftm;ulnD&ef atmufygtwdkif;
pDpOf xm;onf/
u/ usrf;wpfusrf;pDtm;
rdwfqufay;onfhordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m
tusOf;csLHU/
ywfvnf
zwf½Ijcif;tausmh # 3 NyD;pD;NyD;aemuf þu@udk ppfaq;avhvmyg/
c/ usrf;pum;csif;
qufpyfrIoabmudk
tcef;BuD;wpfcktpwdkif;ü
awGU&avh½Sdonf/
pma&;om;rI yHkpH rnfodkUwnfaqmuf xm;yHktm;odEkdif&ef ¤if;onf taxmuftul
jyKvdrfhrnf/
*/ tcef;BuD;wpfcef;\tp(0g)pmpkBuD;wpfcktpü
pmydk'fcGJrsm;ESifh
¤if;wdkYtaMumif;
a&;om;azmfjyaom acgif;pOfrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü xnfhay;xm;onf/
1/ The United Bible Society \rl&if;*&d? jyefvnfrGrf;rHaom pwkw¬tBudrf
yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif; (UBS4)
2/ The New American Standard Bible, aemufqHk;xkwf 1995 (NASB)
3/ The New King James Version (NKJV)
4/ The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
5/ Today's English Version (TEV)
19
6/
The Jerusalem Bible (JB)
pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;wdkUudk taMumif;t&m
qufpyfrI tm;jzifh pDppf&efjzpfonf/ bmomjyefjcif;ESifht,ltqcsif;? "r®ynmtjrifcsif;
rwluGJjym;jcm;em;aom
acwfopfbmomjyef
usrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;rS
EIdif;,SOf
avhvmonfhtcg rl&if;usrf;jyKol rnfodkY awG;awmaMumif; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí rdrd\
t,ltqwpfckudk
wnfaqmufEdkifpGrf;½Sdaponf/
pmydk'fwpfck
pDü
t"du
or®mw&m;wpfckonf ¤if;udk ]]acgif;pOf0gus(0g)]]rl&if;pm\ t"dutawG;tMuH}}[kac:
onf/ pkpnf;aygif;pyfay;aom þawG;awmcsuf onf ordkif; aMumif;qdkif&mESifh
o'´genf;us teuf jyefjcif;twGuf aumif;aomaomhcsufjzpfonf/ teufjyef&müjzpfap?
w&m;a[m&mü jzpfap?oifMum; ydkUcs&müjzpfap? pmydk'fwpfydk'fxuf enf;aomtpdwftydkif;udk
tajcjyKum
rnfonfhtcgürQ
rjyK&yg/
xdkUjyif
pmydk'fwpfydk'fpDonf
¤if;\
ab;ywf0ef;usifpmydk'frsm;ESifhvnf; qufpyfvsuf½Sdonf/ xdkUaMumifh usrf;wpfusrf;\
t"dutaMumif;t&mtm;aumufEIwf&mü
pmydk'fwpfydk'fpmjyKjcif;rSm
ta&;BuD;vSonf/
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;cH&ol? rl&if;usrf;jyKol ajymjyonfhtaMumif;t&m\ usKd;aMumif;
qifjcifrIa&,OfaMumudk uRefawmfwdkU vdkufwwf&ayrnf/
C/ uRefawmf(Bob) \rSwfpkrsm;onf tcef;i,fwpfckNyD;wpfck teufjyefjcif;yHkpHudk
vdkufygonf/
¤if;enf;onf
uRefawmfwdkUtm;
rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
pdwful;
tawG;aemufudk vdkuf&ef wGef;tm;ay; onf/ uREfkyf\rSwfpkrsm;onf atmufyg u@
toD;oD;taMumif; ajymjyonf/
1/ pmta&;tom;csif; qufpyfrI
2/ ordkif;aMumif;? xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&m todtjrifrsm;
3/ o'´gydkif;qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;
4/ pum;vHk;avhvmrIrsm;
5/ tvm;wl qDavsmfrI½Sdaomusrf;ydk'frsm;
i/ þteufzGifhusrf;ü toHk;jyKonfh New American Standard Version (1995) tm;
tcsKdUae&mrsm;ü tjcm; acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzifh jznfhpGwfxm;onf/
1/ The New King James Version (NKJV) rl&if;vufa&;pmrl ''Textus Receptus''
udkvdkufonf/
2/ The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) rSm vHk;aphywfaph jyefvnfrGrf;rGrf;aom
usrf;jzpf onf/
3/ The Today's English Version (TEV) rSm American Bible Society \
tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/
4/ The Jerusalem Bible (JB) rSm jyifopfumodkvpftoif;awmf\tjynfht0
udkufnDaomt*Fvdyf bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/
p/ *&dbmom rwwfuRrf;olrsm;onf t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; EIdif;,SOfavhvmygu
rl&if;pmyg jyomemrsm; rnfodkUjzpfaMumif; em;vnfEdkif&ef yHhydk;Edkifygonf/
q/ tcef;BuD;wpfcef;\tqHk;wdkif;ü tqdkygtcef;BuD;\ t"duteufjyefrItm; OD;wnfonfh
qDavsmf aomaqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; jyifqifay;xm;ygaMumif;/
20
a&mrMo0g'pmrdwfquf
Introduction to epistle of Romans
tzGifhazmfjycsufrsm;
u/
c/
*/
C/
a&mrMo0g'pmonf
wrefawmfBuD;aygvk\pepftusqHk;ESifh
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
tjynfh0qHk; Mo0g'usrf; jzpfonf/ a&mrNrdKUawmf tajctaet&yf&yf\ tusdK;
oufa&mufrI rsm;pGm&Sdojzifh? þusrf;rSm ‘]]tcsdefwefíjzpfvmaom}} rSwfwrf;
wpf&yfjzpfonf/ þMo0g'pmudk aygvka&;om;&eftaMumif;zefvmaomt&mwcsdKU&Sdonf/
rnfodkYjzpfap þMo0g'pmrSm jyóemukdifwG,f&ef (,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;
trsdK;om; acgif;aqmifydkif;wdkY tMum;remvdkrIjyóemjzpfEdkifonf/ 14;1-15;13ESpfck
udkEdIif;,SOfyg)/ aygvka&;om;aom pmrsm;teuf jyif;xefrItenf;yg;qHk;jzpfonf/
4if;rSm{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onftoufwmtwGufrnfodkYt"dyÜg,f&SdaMumif;tm;þMo0g
'pmü&Sif;vif;pGmwifjyjcif;jzpfonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmonf*vmwdMo0g'pmygor®mw&m;qdkif&m"r®ynmwdk;wufjzpfay:rIonf/
{zufMo0g'pmrSm a&mrMo0g'pmtm; tusOf;csKHum wpfywfjyef ausmhaom
wdk;wufrIjzpfonf/
aygvka[majymaom
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
ajymif;vJjcif;
r&Sdaomfvnf;4if; tm;wifjyyHkwifjyenf;rSm ajymif;vJonfomjzpf\/
a&mrMo0g'pmü{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm;aygvkwifjyyHkonf acwfumvwpfckpDwdkif;ü
&Sdaomtoif;awmfwGif; b0toufwmüMoZmoufa&mufonf/
1/
Mo*ufpwif Augustine onf at'D 386 üa&mr 13;13-14 tm;zwf&mrS
ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/
2/
u,fwifjcif;w&m;tm; Martin Luther em;vnfyHkonf at'D 1513 ü qmvH
31;1 ESifh a&mr 1;17 ([AuúKwf2;4ESifh EdIif;,SOf)wdkYudkEdIif;,SOf&mrS
jywfom;pGmajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/
3/
John Wesley *Ref0DpvDonf at'D 1738 üvef'efNrdKUxJusif;yonfh
Mennonite toif;awmfpnf;a0;yGJ wpfcktem;vrf;avQmuf oGm;&if;
rmwifvlom;\ a&mrMo0g' pmrdwfquf a'oemtm;pmjzifh zwfMuonfudk
Mum;&mu ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/ xdkaeYtpnf;ta0;ü owfrSwfxm;onfh
w&m;a[mq&may:rvmojzifh txufyg twdkif; rmwifvlom\ pmjzifh
a&;om;xm;onfh a'oemtm; zwfMum;jcif;jzpfonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmtm;em;vnfjcif;onfc&pf,mefjzpfjcif;tm;em;vnfjcif;jzpfonf/
þMo0g'pmonfa,½I\b0toufwmESifh oGefoifrIrsm;tm; acwfumvrsm;tm;vHk;ü
toif;awmftwGuf or®mw&m;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfcsay;onf/ rmwlvlom;uþ
Mo0g'pmtm; ]]"r®opfusrf;\ t"dutusqHk;usrf;ESifh tpifMu,fqHk;aom {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;jzpfonf/}} [kqdkonf/
21
i/
uREfkyfonf,HkMunfolvlopfrsm;tm;aeYpOfor®musrf;pmzwf½Ijcif;tusifh
pwif&eftm;
ay;wdkufwGef;avh&Sdonf/ xdkodkYjyK&mü"r®opfusrf;\ usrf;oHk;usrf;jzifh pwif&eftm;
ay;axmufcHonf/
1/
a,½ItaMumif;em;vnf&ef a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;
2/
toif;awmfrsm;tm;a,½IoGefoifonfh t&mrsm;udkem;vnf&efa&mrMo0g'pm
3/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;twdkif;aeYpOfrnfuJhodkYtouf&Sif&rnfudkod&Sd&ef
yxra,m[efMo0gpm
usrf;jyKol
usrf;jyKolrSmaygvkyifjzpfonf/ ol\EIwfqufpum;ajymjcif;yHkpHtm; 1;1 üawGU&onf/
aygvk\
]]ukd,fcE©müpl;aomql;}}
qdkonfrSmrsufpdrIefjcif;jzpfonf[k
trsm;tm;jzifh
oabmwlxm;MuonfESifhtnD olonfþ Mo0g'pmudkrdrdukd,fwdkif ra&;bJTertiusaw&wdac:
pma&;wpfa,muftoHk;jyKonf/ (16;22)/
tcsdefumv
u/
c/
a&mrMo0g'pmudka&;om;csdefrSmat'D56-58twGif;jzpfEdkifonf/ þESpfumvrSm
"r®opfusrf;wpfusrf;tm;a&;om;csdet
f jzpftwdtusowfrSwfEdkifaomESpfumvjz
pfonf/ 4if;udkwrefawmf 20;2 ESifh a&mr15;17wdkYtm; EIdif;,SOf&mrS
&&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmudkaygvk\ wwd,ajrmuf omoemjyKc&D;
tqHk;ydkif;ü
a,½kpvifNrdKUodkY
rxGufcGmrDaum&dEÅKNrdKUü
a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpf
[ef&Sdygonf/
aygvka&;om;aomMo0g'rsm;\ ouú&mZfpOfjyZ,m;/ F.F Bruce ESifh Murry
Harris wdkY\tenf;i,fjyifqifa&;om;csufudk,lxm;onf/
ESpfumv
Mo0g'pm
1/
*vmwd
48
2/
1oufomavmed 50
3/
2oufomavmed 50
4/
1aum&dEÅK
55
5/
2aum&dEÅK
56
6/
a&mr
57
7-10/ tusOf;axmifrS a&;aompmrsm;
aumavmoJ 60 tapmydkif;
{zuf
60 tapmydkif; a&mr
Zdavrkef
60 tapmydkif;
zdvdyÜd
62-63
11-13/ av;BudrfajrmufomoemjyKc&D;
1 wdarmao 63 (0g) aemufydkif;
wdwk
63 (0g) rwdkifrD
ae&m
wrefawmf0w¬KESifh qufpyfrI
qD;&D;,m;^tEÅDtkwf 14;28/ 15;2
aum&dEÅK
18;5
aum&dEÅK
{zuf
19;20
rmaua'ged
20;2
aum&dEÅK
20;3
28;30-31
rmaua'ged
{zuf (¿)
22
2wdarmao 63 at?'D 64
a&mr
vufcH&&Sdolrsm;
a&mrNrdKUodkYydkY&efjzpfaMumif;Mo0g'pmxJüazmfjyonf/ a&mrNrdKU toif;awmf wnfaxmifol
rnfoljzpfaMumif;rod&Sd&acs/
u/ yifawukawåyGJawmfaeYü tvnfa&muf&SdoltcsdKUonf ajymif;vJrI&&Sdum tdrfjyefa&muf
onhftcg toif;awmf pwifcJhMujcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 2;10)
c/
oawzefaoqHk;NyD;aemufa,½kpvifNrdKUüñSif;yef;ESdyfpufrItwGif;
xGufajy;oGm;aomwjynfhawmfrsm; jzpfEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 8;4)
*/
aygvk\omoemjyKc&D;rsm;ü ajymif;vJrI&&SdcJhaom a&mrNrdKUodkYc&D;oGm;olrsm;jzpfEdkifonf/
aygvkonfþtoif;awmfodkYroGm;a&mufcJhbl;aomfvnf;? oGm;a&muf&efawmihfwonf/
(wrefawmf 19;21)/ xdkNrdKUüolYrdwfaqGrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ (a&mr 16)/
a,½k&SvifNrdKUodkY ]]arwåmvufaqmif}} rsm;ay;ydkYNyD;aemuf pydefjynfodkY oGm;&if;
a&mrNrdKUodkY0if&ef
olpDpOfcJhaMumif;
xif&Sm;onf
(a&mr15;28)/
ajrxJyifv,f
ta&SUydkif;a'oürdrdtrIawmf
vkyfief;NyD;pD;cJhNyD[k
aygvkcHpm;&onf/
e,fopfrsm;odkY
olajcqefYvdkonf (a&mr15;20-21ç 28)/ aygvk\pmudkaum&dEÅKNrdKUrS a&mrNrdKUodkY ydkYay;olrSm
oif;axmuf trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfNyD;? olrrSmxdkt&yfodkYc&D;oGm;rnfholjzpfonf (a&mr16;1)/
yxr&mpkESpftwGif;
*sL;vlrsdK;&GufzsifwJcsKyfvkyfolwpfa,mufu
aum&dEÅKNrdKU\
acsmifusaom vrf;rsm;ü aeuma&;om;cJhaomþpmonftb,faMumifhþrQwefbdk;&Sd&oenf;¿
rmwifvlom; uþpmudk ]]"r®opfusrf;ü t"dutusqHk;aomusrf;ESifh tpifMu,fqHk;aom
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;}} [kac:qdkonf/ þusrf;\wefbdk; udk{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;
euf½dIif;pGm&Sif;vif;
azmfjy&müawGU&dS&onf/
þusrf;udk
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf
wrefawmf[kac:qdkol? *sL;bmomq&mBuD;wjzpfvJ? wm½INrdKUom;a&Smvka&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
aygvka&;om;aompmtrsm;pk rSma'oEÅ&t&yfa'owpfckESifh tao;pdwf oufqdkifavh
&Sdaomfvnf; a&mrMo0g'pmürl xdkodkYr[kwfacs/ þusrf;rSmwrefawmfBuD; wpfyg;\
,HkMunfrItm;pepfwus wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;taMumif;&Sif;vif;a&;om;&mü ,aeY c&pf,mefrsm; toHk;jyKonfh
enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m a0g[m&trsm;pkkjzpfaom ajzmifhrwf&müwnfapjcif; (justification)?
rSwf,ljcif; (imputation)? om;t&may;jcif; (adoption)ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;
(sactification)
wdkYrSmþa&mrMo0g'pmrS
jzpfaMumif;owdjyKrdygovm;¿
4if;onf
*vmwdMo0g'pmyg or®mw&m;qdkif&m "r®ynmwdk;wwfjzpfay:rIjzpfonf/ ,aeYuRefawmfwdkY\
b0toufwmtwGuf bk&m;&Sif\tvdkawmfudktwlwuGpl;prf;avhvm&mü bk&m;&Sifonf
þMo0g'pmtm;jzifhthHMozG,f&mjyygrnftaMumif;qkawmif;yg/
23
&nf&G,fcsuf
u/ pydefjynfodkYol\omoemjyKc&D;pOftwGufa&mrNrdKUtoif;awmf\tultnDawmif;jcif;/
aygvkonfajrxJyifv,fta&SUydkif;ürdrd\omoemjyKvkyfief;NyD;pD;oGm;cJhNyD[kjrifonf/
(15;20-23ç28)/
c/
a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif;
jzpfay:onfh,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh
,HkMunfol
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;jyóemtaMumif;ajym&ef/ þjyóemrSm *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;
tm;vHk;
a&mrNrdKUrSESifh
xkwfcHNyD;aemuf
olwdkYjyefvnfa&muf&Sdvm&mrS
jzpfay:jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
xdkpOfu*sL;vlrsdK;
c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;ae&mü
wyg;trsdK;om; c&pf,mef acgif;aqmifrsm;jzifh tpm;xdk;xm;onf/
*/
olYudk,fola&mr toif;awmfESifh rdwfquf&ef/ a,½k&SvifNrdKUrS oabm
xm;pifMu,fonfh *sL;vlrsdK;ajymif;vJolrsm;ua&m (wrefawmf15u a,½k&Svif
aumifpDudk Munfhyg)/ oabmxm; rpifMu,fonfh*sL;rsm; (*vmwdMo0g'pmESifh
2aum&dEÅK
3?10-13rsm;üawGU&onfh*sL;bmom0ifrsm;)
tygt0if
wpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm; (aumavmoJESifh{zufNrdKUrsm;rS) jzpfonfh {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm;
rdrdwdkYcspfjrwfEdk;onfhoDtdk&Drsm; (0g)tawG;tac: rsm;ESifh a&maESmvkdolrsm; (Oyrm
aemhpwpf0g'Drsm;) uaygvkudk rsm;pGmqefYusifbuf jyKMuonf/
C/ aygvktm;a,½I\oGefoifrIrsm;udk t&rf;um a&mjznfhpGufvsuf aMumufp&m
aumif;avmuf atmiftqef;xGif oltjzpfpGypf GJcJhMuonf/ olonf"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh
a,½I\oGefoifrIrsm;udk
(c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;)toHk;jyKvsuf?
ola[majymonfh
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rnfrQppfrSefaMumif;jyojcif;tm;jzifhrdrdudk,frdrd
a&mrMo0g'pmtm;jzifh pepfwusumuG,fjcif;jzpfonf/
t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tusOf;csKyf
u/ rdufqufpum; (1;1-17)
1/ EIwfqufpum; (1;1-7)
1/pma&;ol (1-5)
2/aemufqHk;yef;wdkif (6-7u)
3/EIwfqufjcif; (7 c)
2/ tcsdeftcg^tjzpftysuf (1;8-15)
3/ OD;wnfcsuf (1;16-17)
c/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;vdktyf (1;18? 3;20)
1/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ avmuqkwf,kwfaejcif; (1;18-3;20)
2/ *sL;rsm; (0g)wyg;trsdK;om; odu©m&Sifrsm;olawmfaumif;a,mifaqmifaeMujcif;(2;116)
3/ *sL;rsm;tm; w&m;pD&ifjcif; (2;17-3;8)
4/ wpfavmuvHk;tm;jypf'PfpD&ifjcif; (3;9-20)
*/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf tb,fenf; (3;21-8;39)
24
1/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom ajzmifhwfrI&&Sdjcif; (3;21-31)
2/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;\tajccHbk&m;ocif\uwdawmf (4;1-25)
(1)tmjA[H\rSefuefaom&yfwnfrI (4;1-5)
(2)‘'g0d'f (4;6-8)
(3) tmjA[HESifh ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;qufpyfrI (4;9-12)
(4) tmjA[HtwGuf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf (4;13-25)
3/ ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufjcif; (5;1-21)
(1) pdwfydkif;qdkif&mjrifuGif;-rxdkufwefaomarwåmawmf? rnDrQaom0rf;ajrmufrI
(5;1-5)
(2) yifyrSjrif&aomtajccH-tHhbG,farwåmawmf (5;6-11)
(3) tm'Honf c&pfawmftm;yHkaqmif-tm'HjypfrSm;jcif;? bk&m;ocif\ axmufyHhrI
(5;12-21)
4/
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;onfvlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;üajzmifhrwfrIjzpfay:ap&rnf
(6;1-7;25)
u/ tjypfrSvTwfajrmufonf (6;1-14)
(1) &nf&G,faomjiif;ckefjcif;wpfck (6;1-2)
(2) a&ESpfr*Fvm\t"dyÜg,f (6;3-14)
c/ pmwef\aus;uRef (0g)bk&m;ocif\ aus;uRefrdrda&G;cs,frI twdkif; jzpfonf
(6;15-23)
*/ vlonfynwfawmfESifh vufxyfxdrf;jrm; (7;1-6)
C/ ynwfawmfonf aumif;aomfvnf;? tjypfonf aumif;aom t&mudkqD;wm;
(7;7-14)
i/ ,HkMunfolü tqdk;ESifh taumif;\xm0&wdkufcdkufrI (7;15-25)
5/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh qdkifaomjrifomonfh&v'frsm; (8;1-39)
(1) 0dnmOfawmftxJutouf (8;1-17)
(2) zefqif;cHowå0grsm;tm; a&G;EIwfjcif; (8;18-25)
(3) 0dnmOfawmf\ rjywfrvyfaxmufrrI (8;26-30)
(4) ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfrIonf w&m;pD&ifjcif;tay:atmifEdkifjcif;
(8;31-39)
C/ vlom;tm;vHk;twGufbk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsuf (9;1-11;32)
1/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;tm;a&G;aumufjcif; (9;1-33)
(1) ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;tarG;cHoltppfrsm; (9;1-13)
(2) bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPm (9;14-26)
(3) wavmuvHk;twGufbk&m;&Sif\tpDtpOfü wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;vnf;yg/(9;27-33)
2/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;u,fwifjcif; (10;1-21)
(1) bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh vl\ajzmifhrwfjcif;NydKifbufjzpf (10;1-13)
25
(2) bk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmfonfowif;ydkYrnfholrsm;vdktyfvmaponf/
urÇmhomoemjyKvkyfief;twGufzdwfac:onf (10;14-18)
(3) tpöa&;rsm;c&pfawmfudk r,HkMunfyJqufvuf&Sd (10;19-21)
3/ tpöa&;\½IH;edrfhjcif; (11;1-36)
(1) *sL;t<uif;tusefrsm; (11;1-10)
(2) *sL;rsm;\ remvdkrI (11;11-24)
(3) tpöa&;acwårsufpduef;jcif; (11;25-32)
(4) aygvkxHrS yGifhxGufvmaomcsD;rGrf;rI (11;33-36)
i/ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif; qkaus;Zl;\&v'f (12;1-15;13)
1/ qufuyf&efurf;vSrf;jcif; (12;1-2)
2/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;toHk;jyKjcif; (12;3-8)
3/ ,kHMunfoltcsif;csif;wdkY\ qufqHa&; (12;9-21)
4/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh qufqHa&; (13;1-7)
5/ tdrfeD;csif;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; (13;8-10)
6/ udk,fawmfeSifh qufqHa&; (13;11-14)
7/ toif;oltoif;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; (14;1-12)
8/ tjcm;olrsm;tay:rdrdwdkY\ tusdK;oufa&mufrI (12;13-23)
9/ c&pfawmfESifh oP²mefwlrltm;jzifh qufqHjcif; (15;1-13)
p/ ed*Hk;csKyf (15;14-33)
1/ aygvkudk,fwdkif\ tpDtpOf (15;12-29)
2/ qkawmif;ay;&ef arwåm&yfcHjcif; (15;30-33)
q/ jznfhpGufcsuf (16;1-27)
1/ EIwfqufpum;rsm; (16;1-24)
2/ aumif;csD;ay;jcif; (16;25-27)
zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfwpf (pm viii ü-½I)
qdkvdkonfrSm
4if;rSmteufzGifhrItwGuf
vrf;ñTefjcif;tm;avhvmrIjzpfonf/
or®musrf;pmtm; rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&mü rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[kqdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;pDonfrdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef
&müoifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/
or®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifhjcif; tvkyfudk teufzGifh usrf;a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
usrf;wpfusrf;tm;wpfxdkifwnf;ESifhtNyD;zufyg/
tqdkygusrf;wpfusrf;vHk;\t"duOD;wnfcsuftm;rdrdudk,fydkifpum;jzifhazmfjyyg/
1/ usrf;wpfckvHk;\ OD;wnfcsuf
2/ rnfuJhodkYaompmayta&;tom;rsdK;jzpfaMumif; (genre)
26
Zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfESpf (pm viii -½I)
qdkvdkonfrSm
or®musrf;pmtm; rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&mü rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;
teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"ge
tusqHk;jzpfonf/
or®musrf;pmtm;
teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
tqdkygusrf;udkyif wpfxdkifwnf;jzifh 'kwd,tBudrfzwfyg/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
tusOf;a&;umtqdkygtaMumif;t&mudk 0guswpfckwnf;jzifhazmfjyyg/
1/ yxrtkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
2/ 'kwd,tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
3/ wwd,tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
4/ pwkw¬tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m
5/ tjcm;...
27
a&mr 1
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm;tydkif;vdkufcGJjcif;1
NKJV
NRSV
UBS4
EIwfqufjcif; EIwfqufpum; EIwfqufjcif;
1;1-7
1;1-7
1;1-6
1;7u
1;7 c
TEV
EIwfqufjcif;
1;1
1;2-6
aus;Zl;awmf
aygvkoGm;vdk
1;8-15
aus;Zl;awmfcsD;
rGrf; jcif;
{0Ha*vdw&m;
\wefcdk;
1;16-17
ajzmifhrwfolo
nf
,HkMunfjcif;jzifh
touf&Sif
1;16-17
usrf;\OD;wnfcs {0Ha*vdw&m;
jyjcif; \wefcdk;
uf
1;16-17
1;16-17
1
1;3-7
1;7u
1;7 c
csD;rGrf;jcif; aom aus;ZlawmfcsD;rGrf;
qkawmif;jcif;
ESifhqkawmif;jcif;
1;8-12 1;13- 1;8-15
15
a&mrNrdKUokdY
aygvkoGm;vdk
1;8-15
1;8-15
NJB
rdefYqdkjcif; 1;1-2
{0Ha*vdw&m;\
OD;wnfcsuftm;azmf
1;16-17
pmydk'frsm;onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\
&nf&G,fcsuftm; vdkufem&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ acwfopfbmomjyef usrf;wpfckpDonf tcef;BuD;wpfckudk tydkif;cGJumtusOf;csKyfMuonf/ pmydk'fwpfckpDü
t"duacgif;pOf wpfckor®mw&m; (0g) tawG;tac: wpfckpD&Sdonf/ bmomjyefusrf;wpfckpDonf tqdkyg acgif;pOfudk rddrdenf; rdrd[efjzifh
tusOf;csKyfMuonf/ taMumif;t&mudk zwf&if;tqdkyg taMumif;t&mESifh tcef;i,f ydkif;jcm;rIrsm;tm; rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufyHkonf rnfonfh
bmomjyefusrf;ESifh udkufnDaMumif; pOf;pm;yg/
tcef;BuD;wpfckwdkif;tm; or®musrf;pmüyxrOD;pGmzwf½Ium 4if;üyg0ifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; (pmydk'frsm;) udkcGJjcm; owfrSwfEdkif&efBudK;pm;yg/
NyD;aemuf rdrdem;vnf&yHktm;acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ rlvusrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;ol\tawG;tac:ESifh wifjyyHktwdkif;
em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifrSom or®musrf;pmudkem;vnf oabmaygufEdkifygonf/ rl&if;usrf;jyKolomvQif 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfum pm½Iolrsm;ü
rl&if;usrf;jyKolajymonfht&mtm; ajymif;vJ&ef (0g) qDavQmfatmifjyifqifydkifcGifhr&Sdacs/ or®musrf;pmzwf½Iolrsm;\wm0efrSm0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;xm;aom
or®mw&m;tm;rdrdwdkYb0toufwmü vufawGUtoHk;cs&efjzpfonf/
a0g[m&rsm;ESifh twdkaumufpmvHk;rsm;udk aemufqufwGJwpf? ESpf ESifh oHk;wdkYü jynfhpHkpGm&Sif;vif;xm;ygonf/
28
vlom;üt
rajzmifhrwfol
tjypf
jypf&Sd
jcif; rsm;tay:trsuf tm;bk&m;&Sif
1;18-23
awmf 1;18-32 w&m;pD
&ifjcif;
1;18-23
1;24-25
1;26-27
1;24-32
1;28-32
vlom;üt
jypf&Sd
1;18-23
1;24-25
1;26-27
1;28-32
wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;
jcif; tm;bk&m;&Sifjyeff
vnfay;qyfjcif;
1;18-23
1;24-25
1;26-27
1;28-32
Zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfoHk; (pm viii -½I)
qdkvdkonfrSm
or®musrf;pmtm;rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&mü rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;
teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"ge
tusqHk;jzpfonf/
or®musrf;pmtm;
teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
xdktcef;BuD;udkwpfxkdifwnf;ESifhzwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
rdrd\ taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfyg/
pmydk'frsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuf
tm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\ t"du rPÖKdifjzpfonf/
pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&m wpfckjzpfNyD;? pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmykd'f
4/ tjcm; ...
pum;tquftpyfudkMunfhí em;vnfEdkifjcif; (Contextual Insights)
u/ ti,f 1-7 onftzGifhpum; jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmaygvka&;aompmrsm;teuf t&SnfqHk;aom
tzGifhpum;jzpfonf/
olonfrdrdtm;
vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifhrodcJh&bJ?
olYtaMumif;
raumif;owif;rsm;Mum;cJh aumif;Mum;cJhEdkifaom toif;awmfwpfyg;tm;rdrdudk,frdrdESifh
olY"r®ynm tawG;tac:tm; rdwfquf&ef tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/
c/
ti,f 8-12 rSmaus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;aomtzGihfqkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ 4if;onf
*&dvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh txl;ojzifhaygvk\pma&;[efjzpfonf/
*/
ti,f 16-17 onfusrf;\t"dutaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/
29
C/
i/
p/
q/
ti,f18 rS 3;20 onf yxrtkyfpkESifh aygvka[maom {0Ha*vdw&m;\
yxrtcsufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;(tkyfpk3-rsdK;) ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;ojzifh u,fwif&ef
vkdtyfonf (urÇm3)/
1/ tusifhoDvuif;aom omoemyvlrsm;
2/ tusifhoDv&dSaom omoemyvlrsm;
3/ *sL;rsm;
a&mr 1;18-3;20 onf urÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3udka&mifjyef[yfonf/ (*sL;usrf;wwf
q&mBuD;rsm;onfvl\ ADZtjypftjzpfurÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD;6 udk xl;qef;pGm tm½HkjyK
Muonf/ vlom;udkbk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,jyK&efoP²mefawmfESifh tnD zefqif;onf
(urÇmOD;usrf;1;26-27)/odkYaomf vlom;onftodOmPf? wefcdk;ESifh vGwfvyfrIudk
a&G;cs,fcJhonf/
trSefrSmvlom;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\csD;ajr§mufrItm;rdrdudk,frdrdcsD;ajr§mufrItm;jzifh
tpm;xdk; vJvS,fcJhMuonf/ (bk&m;rJhvlom;0g')
þtqHk;tjzwfay;jcif;udkbk&m;ocifcGifhjyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\ oP²mefjzpfjcif;
qdkonfrSm wm0ef&Sdjcif;? udk,fhusifh w&m;t& wm0ef&Sdjcif;\tusdK;qufrsm;ESifh
ywfoufí rdrd\ pdwfapwem tavQmufvGwfvyfjcif; jzpfonf/bk&m;ocifonf
vlom;rsm;tm; rdrd\ a&G;cs,frI?olwdkY\ a&G;cs,frIESpfckpvHk;tm;jzifh oD;jcm;cGJonf/
(ESpfOD;ESpfzuf y#dnmOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufqHjcif;) udk,fawmfonf olwdkYtm;rdrdwkdY\
twåESifh4if;\ aemufqufwGJrsm;tm;vHk;ESifh twla&G;cs,fydkifcGifh ay;onf/
bk&m;ocifonf pdwfemoGm;cJhaomfvnf; (urÇmOD;6;5-7) vlom;wdkYrSm rlvkyfydkifcGifh
tjynfht0ESifh 4if;aMumifh jzpfvmaomwm0ef&dSjcif; tvHk;pHkjzifh udk,fusifhw&m;
vGyfvyfolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ]]tyfvdkufawmfrlonfESifhtnD}} qdkonfhpum;pktm;
xyfcgwvJvJazmfjyjcif;onf (1;24?26?28) tqdkygvGwfvyfrI tm;todtrSwf
jyKjcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ wrifoufoufjiif;qefjcif;r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIr[kwf/ þurÇmrSmbk&m;ocif&nf&G,fxm;onfh urÇmrsdK;r[kwfacs/ (urÇmOD;
3;22/ 6;5-7?11-13)
1;18-3;20\ "r®ynmtm;jzifh tusOf;csKyfudk 3;21-31ü awGU&onf/ 4if;rSm
vlom;tm;vHk; tjypfjyKcJhMuNyD bk&m;ocif\ tjypfvGwfjcif; vdktyfonf[laom {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;ESifh yxrOD;qHk;aom "r®ynmqdkif&m tcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
jyefvnfírdwfo[m,jzpfEdkif&ef
vrf;aMumif;wpfcktm;
u½kPmoufpGmjzifh
jyifqifay;xm;onf/ ({'ifO,smOf tawGUtBuHKtm; urÇmOD; 1-2 ESifh Asm'dwf 21-22
wdkYjzifhEdIif;,SOfjcif;)/
{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; aygvkwifjycsufjzpfonfh þyxrtkyfpküpdwf0ifpm;p&mrSm
tjypfxJusqif;aom vlom;tm;rdrdwdkY\ykefuefrIESifh tjypftwGufwm0ef&Sd&mwGifpmwef
(0g) ewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;tm;xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;r&SdrIjzpfonf/ (a&mr1;18-3;20)/
þtydkif;onfurÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3 udka&mifjyef[yfonf rSefaomfvnf; tjypfjyK&ef
aoG;aqmifol yk*¾dKvftjzpf wpfpHkwpf&mtm;azmfjyrIr&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
30
tjypfvkyfaomvlom;tm;pmwefudkaomfvnf;aumif; (urÇmOD; 3;13)? rdrdbk&m;ocif
udkaomfvnf;aumif; (urÇmOD;3;12)? aemufwzeftjypfwifcGifhrjyKawmhacs/ vlom;udk
bk&m;ocif\oP²mefawmfESifh tnDzefqif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 1;26/5;1? 3/9;6)/
olwdkYüa&G;cs,f&eftcGifhta&;? wefckd;ESifhwm0ef&Sdayonf/ olwdkYürdrdwkdY a&G;cs,frItwGuf
tm'HtxJüwpf&yfvHk;tay:ESifh rdrdudk,fwdkif jyKaomtjypf twGufwpfOD;csif;ü
wm0ef&SdMuonf/ (3;23)/
pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkrsm;tm;avhvmjcif;
NASB(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf; 1;1-6
1
a,½Ic&pf\
uRefigaygvkonf
wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpfac:zdwfcH&olESifh?
bk&m;ocif\
2
{0Ha*vdw&m; twGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif; cH&oljzpfonf/ xdkw&m;onf oefY&Sif;aomor®musrf; pmürdrd\
ya&mzufrsm;tm;jzifh uwdxm;awmfrlaom 3vlYZmwdtm;jzifh'g0d'ftrsdK;jzpfawmfrlxaom 4oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aojcif;rS xajrmufawmfrlaom? bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif; wefcdk;awmftm;jzifh
xif&Sm;awmfrl aomrdrd om;awmftaMumif;jzpfownf;/ 5igwdkYonf xdkociftm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfESifh
6
4if;rSma,½Ic&pfawmf\ ac:zdwfcH&oloifwdkY tygt0ifvnf;jzpfaom?
wrefawmft&mudk&Mu\/
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;txJüemrawmftbdkYtvdkiSg?,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHMuap&efjzpf\/
1;1 ]]aygvk}} aygvkacwfumv *sL;vlrsdK;trsm;pkü emrnfyxrydkif;ü*sL;emrnfwpfvHk;?
'kwd,ydkif;ü a&mremrnf wpfvHk;[líemrnfESpfvHk;&SdMuonf/ (wrefawmf13;9)/ aygvk\
*sL;emrnfrSm a&Smvkjzpfonf/ olonfa&S;acwftpöa&;bk&ifBuD;a&Smvkenf;wl bif*srif
tEG,fjzpfonf (a&mr11;1/ zd3;5)/ *&dyHkpHol\ a&mremrnfrSmaygvk (aygvkpf)NzpfNyD;
]]ao;i,fonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
4if;u&nfñTef;aeonfrSm1/
"r®opfusrf;xJü ryg0ifaom 'kwd,&mpkESpftwGif;a&;om;onfh aygvk\
vkyfaqmifrIrsm; (The Acts of Paul) ac:usrf;wpfusrf;\tcef;BuD;wpfckü
oufomavmedNrdKUtaMumif;a&;om;&mü ]]aygvkESifh ouf(cf)vm Paul and
Thekla}} qdkaomemrnfESpfckyg0ifonf/
2/
olonftoif;awmfudk ñSif;yef;cJholjzpfjcif;aMumifh (1aum 15;9/ {zuf3;8/ 1wd
1;15) oefY&Sif;olrsm;teuf ti,fqHk;tjzpfolYudk,folodjrifonf/
3/
olarG;bGm;pOfrdbrsm;ay;onfh emrnf a&G;cs,f&ef # 3 rSm taumif;qHk;
jzpf[ef&Sdonf/
 ]]aus;uRef}} NKJV, NRSV, TEVESifh JB bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü ]]tapcH}} [koHk;onf/
þt,ltq\ jzpfEdkifajcwkdYrSm
1/ a,½Itm;ociftjzpfazmfjycsufESifh qefYusifbuftjzpf
2/ "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu *kPfjyKjcif;bGJUemrwpfck (awm12;7 ESifh a,m1;1 wkdYüarma&S?
a,m24;29üa,m½IESifh qmvHusrf;rsm;(acgif;pOf)ESifh a[&Sm,42;1-19/ 52;13
wkdYü'g0d'ftoD;oD;wdkYtoHk;jyKcJhMuonf/
31

NASB, TEV, NJB, REB “c&pfawmfa,½I}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]a,½Ic&pfawmf}}
]]c&pfawmfa,½I}} rSmydkítoHk;enf;ojzifh rl&if;toHk;tEIef;jzpfEdkifygonf (MSS P10,
B)/ UBS4onf4if;tm; ]]B” tjzpfowfrSwfonf/ (aocsmoavmufjzpfonf)/
rnfodkYjzpfaptjcm;yHkpHwpfckü rSefaMumif;oufaocdkifvHkonf/
(MSS P26, ‫א‬, A,
D,G ESifh ueOD; toif;awmfzcifBuD;trsm;pkwdkY).
aemufqufwGJESpf &Sdrl&if;usrf;qdkif&m tuJjzwfrIt,ltqrsm; acgif;pOfüMunfhyg/
rl&if;usrf;uGJrsm; teuftrsm;pkwkdYrSm þuJhodkYyif rl&if;*&dusrf;\ tajccHt"dyÜg,fudk rnfokdYrQ
rxdckdufacs/
 ]]wrefawmft&mücefYxm;aom}}
4if;rSmol\a&G;cs,frI
r[kwfbJ
bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ (wrefawmf9;15/ *vmwd1;15/ {zuf3;7)/ aygvkonf þpum;pk
tm;jzifhrdrd\0dnmOfa&;&mt&nftcsif;ESifh tcGifhtmPmudkrdrdrjrifcJhbl;aomtoif;awmftm;
tcdkiftrmajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ olonf 1aum1;1/ 2aum1;1/ *vmwd 1;1/ {zuf1;1/
aum1;1/ 1wd1;1/ wd1;1 wdkYüvnf; tvm;wljyKonf/ t*Fvdyfusrf;pmwGif 1;6 üygonfh “
ac:jcif;cH&aom” - Called pum;vHk;tm; txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
Koine a0g[m&wrefawmf - apostle onfyxr&mpkESpftwGif;ygvufpwdkif; *sL;
todkif;t0dkif;ü ]]udk,fpm;jyKol tjzpf½Hk;awmfrS apvTwfjcif;cH&ol}}[kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
(2&m17;7-9)/ þa0g[m&udk"r®opfusrf;üt"dyÜg,fESpfrsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/ (1) txl; wjynfhawmf
wpfq,fESpfOD;ESifh aygvk (2) toif;awmfü qufvuf&Sdaeaom0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfrsdK;
(1aum12;28-29/ {zuf4;11)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / apvTwfonf (APOSTELLÕ)
4if;rSmtrsm;oHk;*&dpum; ]]apvTwfonf}} (apostellō) jzpfonf/þa0g[m&ü"r®ynmqdkif&moHk;EIef;yHktrsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ *sL;q&mBuD;rsm;onf þpum;vHk;udktjcm;vlwpfa,muftm;½Hk;awmfqdkif&mudk,fpm;jyKoltjzpf
ac:zdwfum?
apvTwfjcif;cH&oltjzpftoHk;jyKonf/
tvm;wljzpfonf/ (2aum5;20)
32
t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;
]]ambassdor}
oHwrefESifh
2/
c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü
þa0g[m&udk
crnf;awmfuapvTwfaoma,½ItjzpfoHk;avh&Sdonf/
a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü þa0g[m&udkar&Sd,ESifh qdkifíxyfcgwvJvJoHk;onf/ (róJ10;40/ 15;24/
rmuk9;37/ vkum9;48ESifh txl;ojzifh a,m[ef4;34/ 5;24? 30?36? 37? 38;6;29? 38/ 39? 40?
57/
7;29/
8;42/
10;36/
11;42/
17;3?
8?
18?
21?
23?
25/
20;21)/
4if;udka,½Iu,HkMunfolrsm; tm;apvTwfjcif;üoHk;onf/ (a,m[ef17;18/ 20;21)/
3/ "r®opfusrf;onf4if;udkwjynfhawmfrsm;üoHk;onf/
u/ rl&if;twGif;vlwpfq,fhESpfa,mufjzpfaomwjynfhawmfrsm;(vkum6;13?wrefawmf1;2122)/
c/
wrefawmfrsm;\tulrsm;ESifh vkyfabmfaqmifbufrsm;jzpfaomtxl;tkyfpkwpfck
(1) AmeA (wrefawmf14;4?14)/
(2) taNE´medwfESifh ,ked (KJV, Junia,a&mr16;7)
(3) tmaygvk (1aum4;6-9)
(4) ocifbk&m;\nD,mukyf (*vmwd1;19)
(5) odvTmEk ESifh wdarmao (1ouf1;1)
(6) wdwkvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ (2aum8;23)
(7) {yajzm'dwfvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ (zd2;25)
*/
4/
toif;awmfüqufvufaom0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfrsdK; (1aum12;28-29/ {zuf4;11)/
c&pfawmfudkudk,fpm;jyKoltjzpfb&k m;ocifay;onfhrdrd\tcGifhtmPmudk
tcdkiftrmjyKjcif; enf;vrf;wpfck
tjzpfaygvkonf rdrda&;om;aom pmtrsm;pkwdkYü þbGJUemrudkrdrdüoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (a&mr1;1/1aum1;1/
2aum1;1/ *vmwd1;1/ {zuf1;1/ aum1;1/ 1wd1;1/ 2wd1;1/ wdwk1;1)/

]]a&G;cs,fcGJxm;í – set apart }}4if;rSmtjyKcHBud,m (PERFECT PASSIVE
PARTICIPLE) jzpfíbk&m;ocifonf olYtm;twdwfumvüyif a&G;cs,fcGJxm;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD;?
(a,&rd1;5 ESifh *vmwd1;15) 4if;twdkif;qufvufjzpfaeonf[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ tm&rdpum;
]]zm&d&SJ}}pum;vHk;\pum;vdrfvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/
olwkdYrSm*sL;bmompnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;vdkufemusifhoHk;&efa&G;cs,fcGJxm;
(oD;jcm;cGJxm;)
jcif;cHolrsm;jzpfNyD; (aygvkonfvnf; «zd 3;5» 'rmoufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:üa,½IESifh
rawGUrDuvnf; zg&d&SJwpfa,mufyifjzpfcJh) aomfvnf; ,cktcg{0Ha*vdw&m; twGuf
oD;jcm;cGJxkwfjcif; cH&oljzpfonf/
4if;pum;vHk;rSma[NAJpum;vHk;
]]oefY&Sif;}}
(BDB
872)
ESifh
qufpyfNyD;
]]bk&m;ociftoHk;jyK&ef oD;oefYcGJxm;onf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf (xGufajrmuf19;6/ 1ay2;5)/
33
oefY&Sif;olrsm; -saint? oefY&Sif;pifMu,faponf-sanctify ESifh oD;oefYcGJxm;onf ]] set apart}}
wkdYtm;vHk;rSm*&dpum; ]]oefY&Sif;}} – holy (hagios) rS,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
 ]]bk&m;ocif\ {0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf}} þtydkif;ESifh (ti,f5 ü) ygaom*&d0dbwf eis
onfaygvk tm; ]]ac:jcif;}} (i,f 1)ESifh ]]oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif;}} (i,f 1)
wkdY\&nf&G,fcsufudkjyonf/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; - gospel rSm ]]aumif;aom}} –good(eu) ESifh ]]owif;}} –
message (angellos) wdkYaygif;pyfaom pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifuwdjyKonfh
ar&Sd,t&SifESifh qdkifaom (i,f3-4) y#dnmOfw&m;opfü zGifhjyxm;onfh Mo0g'
tm;&Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef þa0g[m&udktoHk;jyKonf/ (a,&rd31;31-34/ a,Zausv 36;2232)/ 4if;rSm ]]om;awmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;}} (i,f 2) jzpfonf/
4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdw&m;jzpfNyD;?
aygvk\{0Ha*vdw&m;r[kwfacs/
(15;16?
rmuk1;14/ 2aum 11;7/ 1ouf2;2ç 8?9/ 1ay4;17)/ aygvkonfpwefYxGifolr[kwf/
"avhxHk;pH ESpfrsdK;a&mpyfolr[kwfbJ? rdrdvufcH&&Sdxm;onfh or®mw&m;tm; a[majymolomvQif
jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 9/ 1aum1;18-25)/
1;2
]]a&S;urdrdya&mzufrsm;tm;jzifh
oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pmü
*wdxm;awmfrlonf}}
þ0gusüygaomBud,m (AORIST MIDDLE (deponent) INDICATIVE)udk aygvk
a&;aompmrsm;üomoHk;onf/ (þae&mESifh 2aum9;5ü)/ {0Ha*vdw&m;rSm bk&m;ocifonf
aemufydkif;rSm&&Sdvmaompdwful;tawG;r[kwfbJ? &nf&G,fcsuf jzifhxm0& BuHpnfaomt&m
jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD;3;15/ 12;3/ xGufajrmuf19;5/ a[&Sm,3/ qmvH118/ rmuk10;45/
vkum2;22/ wrefawmf2;23/ 3;18/4;28/ wdwk1;2)/ wrefawmf0w¬KtxJ ueOD;
w&m;a'oema[mcsufrsm;ü (kerygma) a,½IrSm "r®a[mif;acwfüjyKcJhaomuwdawmfrsm;ESifh
tem*wådpum;rsm;\NyD;jynfpHkjcif;tjzpfwifjyonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;udk "r®opfusrf;üazmfjyyHkESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
1/
]]usrf;pmvmonf}} (0g) ]]usrf;pm}} 2wd3;16/ 2ay3;16/
2/
usrf;pm (rsm;)
ya&mzufrsm;ESifh qdkifívnf;4if;udk ñTef;qdkavh&Sdonf/ usrf;pma&;om;olrsm;rSm
ya&mzufrsm;yifjzpf onf[k *sL;rsm;rSwf,lxm;Muonf/
1/
]]ynwådusrf; (0g) tem*wdåusrf;}} ró J5;17-18/vkum24;44 udkvnf;Munfhyg/
2/
]]ya&mzufpum;}} vkum24;27
3/
]]ya&mzufwdkY\usrf;pmrsm;}} róJ26;56
4/
]]tem*wdåusrf;pmrsm;}} a&mr16;26 (a&mr1;2 üvnf; ]]ya&mzufrsm;}}
[líyg&Sdonf/)
5/
]]usrf;pm\tem*wdåpum;}} 2ay 1;20 ]]oefY&Sif;}} [laom emr0daoeudk
ESpfae&mü wGJxm;onf/
34
1/
2/
]]oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm – Holy Scripture}} (]]ya&mzufrsm;\}}
qdkonfhpum;vHk;vnf;yg onf) a&mr1;2/
]]oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm – sacred writings}} 2wd3;15
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ueOD;toif;awmf\tpDtrH
u/
"r®a[mif;usrf;übk&m;ocifay;aomuwdawmfrsm;onf
ar&Sd,a,½I<uvmjcif;jzifh,ckjynfhpHkvm
cJhNyD/ (wrefawmf2;30/ 3;19?24/ 10;43/ 26;6-7?22/ a&mr1;2-4/ 1wd3;16/ a[NAJ1;1-2/
1ay1;10-12/ 2ay1;18-19/)
c/
bk&m;ocifonfa,½Itm;a&ESpfr*FvmcHcsdefü ar&Sd,tjzpfbo
d dwfay;cJhonf/ (wref10;38)/
*/
a,½Ionfa&ESpfr*FvmcHNyD;aemuf *gvdave,fü trIawmfpwifonf/(wref10;37)
C/ ol\trIawmfrSmaumif;rIjyKjcif;ESifh
bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfjzifhthHMobG,f&mrsm;vkyfaqmifjcif;
jzpfonf/ (rmuk10;45/ wref2;22/ 10;38)
i/
bk&m;ocif\xm0&tBuHtpnfESifh tnDar&Sd,rSmvuf0g;uyfwdkifay: wifowfcH&onf/ (rmuk
10;45/ a,m[ef3;16/ wref2;23/ 3;13-15?18/ 4;11/ 10;39/ 26;23/ a&mr8;34/ 1aum
1;17-18/ 15;3/ *vmwd1;4/ a[NAJ1;3/ 1ay1;2?19/ 3;18/ 1a,m4;10)/
p/
olonfaojcif;rS jyef&Sifxajrmufum? olUwjynfhawmfrsm;xHay:vmonf/ (wref2;24?31-32/
3;15?26/ 10;40-41/ 17;31/ 26;23/ a&mr8;34/ 10;9/ 1aum15;4-7? 12/ 1ouf1;10/
1wd3;36/ 1ay1;2/ 3;18?21/
q/ bk&m;ocifonfa,½Iudk ]]t&Sifocif}} – Lord [laomemrawmfudkay;umcsD;ajr§mufonf/
(wref2;25-29? 33-36/ 3;13/ 10;36/ a&mr8;34/ 10;9/ 1wd3;16/ a[NAJ1;3/ 1ay3;22/
Z/
bk&m;ocif\vlYtzGJUtpnf;opftm; zGJUpnf;xlaxmif&efolonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfay; onf/
(wref
1;8/ 2;14-18/
38-39/
1;3
]]bk
&m;ocif
\om;awmf
ESifh 10;44-47/
qdkifaom}}1ay1;12)
owif;aumif;\t"duowif;pum;rSm
ps/
ol
o
nf
w
&m;pD
&
if
&
ef
E
S
i
f
h
t&mcyf
o
d
r
f
;
wd
k
Y
t
m;e*d
k
r
l
v
taetxm;jyef
p&efjyef
vfjnf
tysdKunmrm&drS
bGm;jrif;olemZ&ufNrKd Uom;
a,½Iwnfa&muf
;[laaomyk
*¾dKv
zpf<uvmOD
onf/ ;
(wref
3;20-21/
1aum15;20-28/
1ouf/1(2"r®
;10) 7;14/
"r®a[mifrnf
;usrf/ ;üvl
rsdK;awmf
? xdkb10;42/
k&ifESihfa17;31/
r&Sd,wkdYu
dk ]]om;}} [kac:onf
n/ {0Ha*vdowif; pum;Mum;&olwdkif; tjypfudkaemifw&um a&ESpfr*FvmcHMuonf/ (wref2;21/
38/ 3;19/ 10;43? 47-48/ 17;30/ 26;20/ a&mr1;17/ 10;9/ 1ay3;21)/
þpDrHcsufonfueOD;toif;awmf\ ta&;BuD;qHk;a[majymonfht&mjzpfonf/ "r®opf
usrf;a&;om;olrsm;onfrdrdwdkY\a[majymrIü rdrdwdkYtom;ay;vdkonfhtjcm;tcsuf? tjcm;tydkif;
rsm;&SdEdkifygonf/ rmukc&pf0ifusrf;wpfckvHk;onfayw½k\ pDrHrIyHkoP²mefudkeD;pyfpGmvdkufonf/
rmukc&pf0ifusrf;udka&mrNrdKUü ayw½ka[majymcsufrsm;udk c&pf0ifusrf; wpfcktjzpfwnfaqmufa&;
omcsuftjzpf tpOftvmtm;jzifh½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ róJESifh vkumESpfckpvHk;onfrmuk\tajccH
wnfaqmufyHkudkvdkufMuonf/
1;3- a[ma&S11;1/ qmvH2;7/ róJ2;15)/
"r®a[mif;umvü bk&m;ocifonf tapcHrsm;ESifh ya&mzufrsm;rSwqifhpum;ajymonf/
a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\tapcHr[kwfacs/ rdom;pk0ifjzpfonf/ (a[NAJ1;1-2/ 3;6/ 5;8/ 7;28)/
35
tHhMop&maumif;onfrSm þusrf;xJwGif þae&müomvQif aygvkonfc&pfawmf\ aqGpOf
rsdK;quftaMumif; t"duxm;azmfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmonf "r®ynmtm;pepfwusavhvmrI
tjynfhtpHkr[kwfacs/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ bk&m;ocif\om;awmf
þonfrSm "r®opfusrf;ü a,½I\t"dubGJUemrawmfrsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ 4if;übk&m;qdkif&m
t"dyÜg,fyGm;bGJUemrrsm;&SdonfrSm aocsmonf/ 4if;txJüa,½Itm; ]]om;awmf}} (0g) ]]igom;}} [lí
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifudkrl ]]zcif}} [kac:qdkjcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rSm"r®opfusrf;ü 124Budrfyg
onf/ a,½Iurdrdudk,frdrd ]]vlom;}} tjzpfac:qdkjcif;onfyifvQif'aH ,v7;13-14rSbk&m;ocif\bGJU
emryGm;wpfckjzpfonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]]om;}} [laombGJUemronf tkyfpkav;cktm;&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
1/ aumif;uifwrefrsm; (trsm;udef;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ urÇmOD;6;2/ a,mb1;6/ 2;1)
2/ tpöa&;bk&if (2"r®7;14/ qmvH2;7/ 89;26-27)
3/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;wpfckvHk;tm;NcHKvsuf(xGufajrmuf4;22-23/ w&m;a[m14;1/ a[ma&S11;1/
rmvcd2;10)
4/ tpöa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm; (qmvH82;6)
a,½IESifhqufpyfonfrSmeHygwfESpftoHk;tEIef;rsdK;jzpfonf/
þodkYjzifh]]'g0d'f\om;awmf}}
ESifh ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} ESpfckpvHk;onf 2"r®17/ qmvH2ESifh 89wkdYESifhqufpyfonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;üar&Sd,ESifh pyfvsOf;í ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} qdkonfhtoHk;tEIef;r&Sdacs/
tem*wf\&Sifbk&iftaejzifhtpöa&;qdkif&m ]]bdodwfcHaom&mxl;rsm;}} teufwpfrsdK;tjzpfazmfjy
rIwpfckomvQifcRif;csuftjzpf&Sdygonf/rnfodkYjzpfap - Dead Sea Scrolls ac:aemufqHk;
awGU&Sdaom"r®a[mif;usrf;rl&if;rsm;ürlar&Sd,tm;&nfñGef;
jcif;oabmoufa&mufrItm;NcHKíawGU
&onf/ (wdusaom tñTef;rsm;udk Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels pm? 770üMunfhyg)/
*sL;rsm;\jr§Kyfxm;aomusrf;y,fESpfusrf;wkdYüvnf; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} Gospels pm?
770üMunfhyg)/ *sL;rsm;\jr§Kyfxm;aomusrf;y,fESpfusrf;wkdYüvnf; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}}
[lonfar&Sd,\ bGJUemrwpfckjzpfonf/ (2 Esdras 7: 28; 13:32, 37, 52; 14:9; II Enoch 105:2)/
"r®opfusrf;ü 4if;onfa,½Itm;&nfñeT f;aMumif;ae&m tawmfrsm;rsm;üaumif;pGmtusOf;csKHUazmf
jyxm;onf/
1/ a&S;rqGu&SdcJhjcif; (a,m[ef1;1-18)/
2/ twktEdIif;uif;aom (tysdKunmrS) bGm;jrifjcif;(róJ1;23/ vkum1;31-35)/
3/ a&ESpfr*FvmcH,ljcif; (róJ3;17/ rmuk1;11/ vkum3;22/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifu
toHon fqmvH2 urif;rsdK;EG,fbk&ifBuD;ESifh a[&Sm,53u qif;&J'ku©cHaomtapcHuRefwdkYudk
aygif;pyfay;onf/)
4/ pmwef\aoG;aqmifrIcHjcif;(róJ4;1-11/ rmuk1;12?13/ vkum4;1-13/ rdrd\om;awmf
t&mtm;oHo,0ifap&ef(0g) rdrd\&nf&G,fcsuftm; vuf0g;uyfwdkifr[kwfaom enf;vrf;

jzifhNyD;ajrmufap&efaoG;aqmifcH&onf/)
5/ vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mr[kwfaom0efcHorl sm;u ol\om;awmft&mtm; twnfjyKMuonf/
u/ eufqdk;rsm; (rmuk1;23-25/ vkum4;31-37?41/ rmuk3;11-12/ 5;7)/
c/ r,HkMunfolrsm; (róJ27;43/ rmuk14;61/ a,m[ef19;7)/
36
6/ olYwynfhawmfrsm;u ol\om;t&mtm;twnfjyKMuonf/
u/ róJ14;33/ 16;16/
c/ a,m[ef1;34?49/ 6;69/ 11;27/
7/ oludk,fwdkif\twnfjyKcsuf
u/ róJ11;25-27/
c/ a,m[ef11;36/
8/ bk&m;ociftm; zciftjzpfoo
d mpGmwifpm;ac:a0:jcif;/
u/ bk&m;ociftm;]]tAÁ}} tjzpfazmfjyjcif;/
1^ rmuk14;36/
2^ a&mr8;15/
3^ *vmwd4;6/
c/ rdrdESifh bk&m;&Sif\awmfpyfrItm;a&;om;azmfjy&efzcif (Patēr)pum;vHk;tm;xyfcgwvJ
vJtoHk;jyKjcif;/
tusOf;csKyftm;jzifh ]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf} [laombGJUemronf"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh 4if;üyg&Sd
aomuwdawmfrsm;tm;od&Sdolrsm;twGuf"r®ynmqdkif&mt"dyÜg,fBuD;rm;pGm&Sdonf/ odkYaomf"r®opfusrf;jyKpk
olrsm;rSmrltqdkygbGJUemrtm;toHk;jyK&müpdwftaESmifht,Sujf zpfcJhMu&onf/ taMumif;rSmwpfyg; trsdK;om;
(tpöa&;r[kwfaomvlrsdK;rsm;)wkdY\ ]bk&m;rsm;}onfvlrdef;rrsm;ESifh pHb
k ufumvlYbDvl;BuD;rsm; (om;rsm;)
arG;zGm;onfh rdpäm'dXdt,l0g'rsm;aMumifhjzpfonf/
 ]]
 'g0d'ftrsdK;jzpfawmfrlxaom}} 4if;onf 2"r®7uya&mzufjyKcsufESifh qufpyfonf/
ar&Sd,onf ,k'trsdK;(urÇmOD;49;4-12/ a[&Sm,65;9) 'g0d'frif;rsdK;EG,f (a[&Sm,9;7/
11;1?10/ a,&rd23;5/ 30;9/ 33;15) rSjzpfonf/ róJc&pf0ifusrf;ü
a,½Itm;'g0d'ftrsdK;tjzpftBudrf tawmfrsm;rsm;todtrSwfjyKxm;onf (1;6/ 9;27/
12;23/ 15;22/ 20;30? 31/ 21;9?15/ 22;42) / 4if;onf'g0d'ftrsdK;rS
vmaomu,fwif olwpfyg;<uvm&ef arQmfvifhjcif;udk xif[yfapygonf/
aygvkonfa,½IESifh qdkifaom þtjrifudktxl;rjyKjcif;rSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/
olonf þtjrif udkþae&mESifh 2wd2;8üomazmfjyNyD;? ueOD;toif;awmf\
,HkMunfjcif;yHkpHwpfckrS ,lumazmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ NIDNTTtwGJ 3? pm 61
üc&pfawmf\rsdK;½dk;ESifh qdkifaom,HkMunfrI^"r®oDcsif;^ bk&m;&Sdcdk; pmrsm;tm;xif
[yfaponfh "r®opfusrf;csuftawmfrsm;rsm;azmfjyxm;onf/ (Oyrm a&mr 1;3-4/ 8;34/
1aum15;3-4/ zd2;6-11/ 1wd3;16/ 2wd2;8/ 1ay3;18-1;3;14)/
 NASB, NKJV
NRSV
]] vlYZmwdtm;jzifh }}
TEV ]] vlom;tjzpfjzifh }}
NJB ]] vlUobm0t&}}
37
4if;onfa,½IrSm
vlom;jzpfaMumif;
ya&mzufjyKcsufjynfhpHkjcif;ESifh
4if;tm;
twnfjyKcsufjzpfonf/
þtcsufudkyxr&mpkacwftm;
vTrf;NcHKonfh
bmoma&;
avmuüjiif;qdkonf/ (1a,m 1;1-4/ 4;1-3)/ aygvkonf ]]aoG;om;^Zmwd}} -flesh (sarx)
qdkaoma0g[m&udktqdk;buftjrifjzifhoHk;avhr&SdaMumif; þusrf;ydk'fü &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/
(2;28/ 9;3)/ xdkpum;jzpfonfhaoG;om;^Zmwdpum;vHk;udkaygvku ]]0dnmOf}} \qefYusifbuf
t&mtjzpftoHk;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (6;19/ 7;5? 18?25/ 8;3-9? 12?13/ 1aum5;5/ 2aum1;17/
11;18/ *vmwd3;3/ 5;13? 16? 17-19?24/ 6;8/ {zuf2;3/ aum2;11?13?18?23)/
ti,f4 ESifh ,SOfwGJí ]] kata (according to )-tm;jzifh}} [laompum;oHk;onf/
a,½Ionfvlom; (vlYaoG;om;^Zmwdtm;jzifh^t&i,f -3) ESifh bk&m; (0dnmOftm;jzifh? i,f - 4)
jzpfonf/ vljzpfvmjcif; rSm tqHk;jzwfay;onfhta&;BuD;tcsufjzpfonf/ (1a,m4;1-3)/
4if;onf ]]vlom;}} [l aombGJUemrrSm a,½Iudk,fwkdifa&G;cs,fjcif;jzpfonfqkdonfh oabmvnf;
oufa&mufEdkifonf/ (vlom; -qmvH8;4/ a,Z 2;1 ESifh bk&m;- 'Ha,v7;13)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ aoG;om;^Zmwd –FLESH (sarx)
þa0g[m&udk*vmwdMo0g'pmESifh 4if;\"r®ynmqdkif&mwdk;wufjzpfay:rIjzpfaom a&mrMo0g'pm
wdkYüaygvktrsm;qHk;oHk;onf/ 4if;a0g[m&\t"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm; taMumif;udkusr;fpmq&mrsm;tjrifcsif;rwlacs/
4if;üa0g[m&uGJt"dyÜg,frsm;us,fjyefYpGm&SdaMumif;od&Sdap&ef tm;xkwfrItjzpfatmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
rygbJausmfoGm;rdaomt"dyÜg,fuJt
G csdKY&SdaerSmaocsmygonf/
u/ vlom;\udk,fcE´m/ a,m[ef1;14/ a&mr2;28/ 1aum5;5/ 7;28/ 2aum4;11/ 7;5/12;7/
*vmwd1;16/ 2;16?20/ 4;13/ zdvdyÜd1;22/ aum1;22? 24/ 2;5/ 1wd3;16/
c/
vlom;rSqif;oufonf/ a,m[ef3;6/ a&mr1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3?5?8/ 11;14/ 1aum10;18/
*vmwd4;23?29/
*/
vlom;\yk*¾dKvf/ a&mr3;20/ 7;5/ 8;7-8/ 1aum1;29/ 2aum10;3/ *vmwd2;16/5;24/
C/ vlom;uJhodkYpum;ajymjcif;/ a,m8;15/ 1aum1;26/ 2aum1;12/ 5;16/ 10;2/ *vmwd6;12/
1;4
i/
tjypfxJusqif;jcif;\tusdK;quftjzpfvlom;rsm;u bk&m;ociftm;&efvdkjcif;/ a&mr7;14/ 13;
NASB,14/
NKJV
1aum3;1? 3/ {zuf2;3/ aum2;18/ 1ay2;11/ 1a,m2;16/
NRSV, NIV ]] aMumnmonf }} - declared
TEV
]] jyoonf }}
- shown
NJB, RSV ]] cefYtyfonf }}
- designated
NET
]] cefYxm;onf }}
- appointed
REB
]] trsm;tm;odaponf }} –proclaimed
txufygtoHk;tEIef;rSm tjyKcH (passive)Bud,m– AORIST PASSIVE
PARTICLE jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfa,½Itm; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} tjzpf
38
cefYxm;onf/ þodkY qkdjcif;aMumifh AufvifNrdKUonf a,½I\ tpjzpfonf(0g)olonf crnf;awmf
xufydkrdk tqifhedrfhonf[k rqdkvdkacs/ 8;11 \txl;taMumif;t&m/ oHk;ygwpfqlüMunfhyg/
wwd,pmydk'fudkatmufüMunfhyg/
 ]]wefcdk;ESifh wuGbk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaom}} "r®opfusrf;jyKpkolrsm;onfa,½Itm;
]]bk&m;ocif\ om;awmf}} qdkonfhbGJUemrjzifhrMumcPazmfjyavhr&SdMuacs/ (róJ4;3)/
þoabmrSm ]]twktEIdif;uif;ol? wpfrsdK;wpfpm;wnf; - unique one of kind }}
(monogenes
a,m[ef1;18/
3;16?
18/
1a,m4;9)
[laom
pum;vHk;tm;jzifhvHkavmufaeNyDjzpfonf/ odkYjzifht"dyÜg,frSm ]]bk&m;ocif\wpfyg;wnf;aom
ppfrSefonfh om;awmfa,½I}} [líjzpfonf/ 1;3 \txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
"r®opfusrf;ü
crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifh
om;awmfa,½Iqdkif&m
"r®ynmqdkif&m
0if½dk;ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ olwkdY rSmwef;wlnDMuonf/ (a,m[ef1;1/5;18/ 10;30/ 14;9/ 20;28/ 2aum4;4/
zdvdyÜd 2;6/ aum1;15/ a[NAJ1;3) odkYaomf
2/ oD;jcm;yk*¾dKvfjzpfMuonf/ (rmuk10;18/ 14;36/ 15;34) [líjzpf\/
aygvkonfueOD; umvc&pfawmfqdkif&m t,l0g'tm;azmfjyjcif;(0g) qmvH2;6?7 (0g)
110;1 (wref2;34-36) üazmfjyaomxm0&bk&m; (YHWH) \ ar&Sd, bk&ifBuD;tm;
t&dyft>ruf
azmfjyjcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/
olonfxdkodkYjyKjcif;aMumifh
]]wefcdk;ESifhwuG
bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaom}}
qdkonfhpum;pktm;tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
(NIDNTTtwGJ2?
pm
79)
4if;onfol\
bGm;jrifjcif;
(0g)a&ESpfr*Fvm
tm;pl;pdkufjcif;r[kwfbJ? aumif;uifodkY wwfjcif;tm;pl;pdkufonf/ rnfokdYjzpfap Adoptionist
Christologies ac: (cufqpft"dyÜg,f &Sif;vif;jcif;üMunfhyg) t,l0g'pGJudkifol
rsm;urltxufygusrf;ydk'ftm;rdrdwdkY\udk,fydkiftaMumif;jycsuftwGuftoHk;jyKMuonf/ usrf;ydk'
fwpfpkudktajcjyKum or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;enf;vrf;ESifh omqdk&if wpfa,mufa,mufonf
or®musrf;pmuwpfckcktm; (rdrdBudKuf&m) ajymonf[kqdkEdkifonf/ (uREkfyf\ 0ufbfqdk'f
uREfkyf\
www.freedbiblecommentary.org üor®musrf;pmenf;usteufjyefjcif;
ydkYcsrIudk Munfhyg)/
 ]]aojcif;rSxajrmufawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh}} crnf;awmfbk&m;onf a,½I\b0toufwmESifh
ola[maom owif;pum;tm; olYudkaojcif;rS xajrmufapjcif;tm;jzifh twnfjyKcJhonf/
(4;24/ 6;4?9 8;11/ wref2;31-33)/ a,½Ionfbk&m;ocifyifjzpfaMumif;ESifh (a,m[ef1;114/ aum1;15-19/ zdvdyÜd 2;6-11/ a[NAJ1;2-3) ol\aojcif;rS &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;
(4;25/ 10;9-13/ 1aum15)wkdYrSm c&pf,mef\trTmtlwkdifBuD;ESpfwdkifjzpfonf/
 t,l0g'rSm;,Gif;onfh ]] adoptionism }} 0g'Drsm;ubk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm;ol\
emcHjcif; yHkoufaoaumif;xlrIaMumifh qkcsum;csD;ajrmufjcif; jzpfonf[laom tqdktwGuf
þusrf;ydk'fudk
toHk;jyKavh&Sd
Muonf/
t,lvTJrSm;aomolwdkYu
a,½Ionf
tpOfxm0&bk&m;r[kwfcJhbJ (ontologically) bk&m;ocifuolYtm;aojcif;rS &Sifjyef
39
xajrmufpaonfhtcg
bk&m;jzpfvmonf[kqdkMuonf/
þtcsufrrSefaMumif;&Sif;
vif;vSaMumif;tm; a,m[ef 1 ESifh 17 wdkYuJhokdYaomusrf;ydk'ftrsm;tjym;üxif&Sm;aomfvnf;
a,½I&Sif jyefxajrmufonfhtcg tHhMobG,f&mudk olYütyfESif;onf/ bk&m;udk rnfuJhodkY
qkcsD;jr§ifhEdkifaMumif;azmfjy&ef
cufcJaomfvnf;xdktwdkif;yifjzpfysufonf/
a,½Ionf
crnf;awmfESifhtwl xm0&bkef;awmf cHpm;&onfrSefaomfvnf; olYtm;tyfESif;xm;onfh
a&G;EIwfjcif;wm0eftm;ynfh0pGmNyD;pD;apjcif;tm;jzifholY*kPfj'yfrSmwpfenf;wpfzHkydkrdk<u,f0oGm;a
ponf/ emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½I\b0?
yHkoufao? oGefoifrIESifh ,Zfaumif
tjzpftaocHjcif;wkdYtm; twnfjyKjcif; tjzpfcrnf;awmf onfolYudkaojcif;rS xajrmuf
aponf/ tpOfxm0&bk&m;? vlom;ppfppf? pHkvifjynfh0aomu,fwif&Sif? ed*dkaejyefjzpf
apjcif;ESifh qkcsD;jr§ifhcH&ol? twktEdIif;rJhaomom;awmfjzpfonf/ aemufqufwGJoHk;Adoptionism (arG;pm;jcif;t,l0g') udkMunfhyg/
 NASB, NKJV ]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf(the Spirit)tm;jzihf}}
NKJV
]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf (the spirit) tm;jzihf}}
TEV
]] bk&m;jzpfíoefY&Sifojzihf}}
NJB
]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfjzpfonfESifh tnD (in the order of the spirit,
the spirit of holiness)
tcsdKUbmomjyefq&mrsm;onfoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOftm;qdkvdkjcif;tjzpf “S”ukdpmvHk;BuD;jzifh
a&;um? pmvHk;ao; ]]s}} urla,½I\vlom;0dnmOfudkqdkvdkonf/ crnf;awmf bk&m;onf
emrf0dnmOfjzpfonf enf;wl a,½Ivnf;xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ a&S;acwfa[NAJESifh *&dusrf;rsm;ü
pmvHk;BuD;?
pmvHk;BuD;r&Sd?
tcef;BuD;?
tcef;i,fcGJrxm;bJ?
4if;wdkYtm;vHk;rSm
bmomjyefq&mrsm;\ t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkrI (0g) tpOftvmtjzpf&&SdvmMujcif;jzpfonf/
ti,f 3 ESifh 4if;tm;tjrifokH;rsdK;jzifh MunfhEdkifonf/
1/ a,½I\obm0ESifh ESpfrsdK;jzpfonfh vlom;ESifhbk&m;tjzpfudk &nfñTef;jcif;tjzpf
2/ ol\ajrBuD;ay: b0tqifhESpfckjzpfonfhvlom;ESifh &Sifjyefxajrmufolt&Siftm;
&nfñGef;jcif;tjzpf
3/ ]]igwkdY\t&Sifa,½Ic&pfawmf}} ESifh xyfwlazmfjyrItjzpf
 ]]a,½I}} tm&rdemrnfa,½I (Jesus) onfa[NAJemrnfa,m½I(Joshua)ESifhwlonf/ 4if;rSm
a[NAJpum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonfh
“YHWH”
(a*sa[m0g;)ESifh
]]u,fwifjcif;}}pum;
ESpfvHk;aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]YHWH uu,fwifonf}} ]]YHWH u u,fq,fonf}}
(0g) ]] YHWH onf u,fwifjcif;jzpfonf}} [lí t"dyÜg,f&SdEdkifonf/ t"dyÜg,f\
t"dutcsufudk róJ1;21? 25 üawGUEdkifonf/
 ]]c&pfawmf}}
4if;rSma[NAJa0g[m&ar&Sd,
messiah
(BDB
603)
tm;*&dvdkbmomjyefjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]bdodwfcHol}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü vltcsdKU
(ya&mzufrsm;? ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh &Sifbk&ifrsm;) tm;bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIESifh
40
wefqmyvm wyfqifrI\ trSwfvu©Pm tjzpfqDvdrf;âvmif;jcif;jyKMuonf/ a,½Iü
qD;vdrf;&onfh þ&mxl;oHk;rsdK;pmvHk;jynfhpHkonf/ (a[NAJ1;2-3)/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;acwfopfqDodkYydkYaqmifay;rnfhtxl; ]]bdodufcHolwpfOD;}} tm;bk&m;ocif
apvTwfrnfjzpfaMumif;"r®a[mif;usrf;ü BudKwifa[mMum;onf/ a,½Ionfbk&m;ocif\txl;
]]tapcH}} ]]om;awmf}} ESifh ]]ar&Sd,}} jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ar&Sd,
þtcsufrsm;udk 'Ha,v 9;6 taMumif;tuREfkyf\teufzGifhjcif;rSwfpkrS,l;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
þusrf;ydk'ftm;teufzGifh&mücufcJaponfrSm ar&Sd, (0g) bdodufcHolqdkonfh a0g[m&üjzpfEkdifacs&Sdaom
t"dyÜg,ftrsdK;rsdK;&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ (BDB 603)
1/
*sL;bk&ifrsm;ESifh qdkifíoHk;onf (1"r®2;10/ 12;13)
2/
*sL;,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh qdkifíoHk;onf (0wfjyK4;3?5)
3/
uk½kbk&mESifh qdkifíoHk;onf (a[&Sm,45;1)
4/
qmvH110 ESifh Zmc&d4wdkYü # 1ESifh # 2 wdkYwGJoHk;onf/
5/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;acwfopfxJydkYaqmifvwHhaombk&m;ocif\<uvmOD;rnf 'g0d'ftEG,ftxl;
bk&if;BuD;
u/ ,k'trsdK; (urÇmOD;49;10)
c/ a,&SJrdom;pkxJu (2"r® 7)
*/ wpfurÇmvHk;üpdk;pH (qmvH2/ a[&Sm,9;6/ 11;1-5? rdu©m 5;1-4)
uREfkyfudk,ftaejzifhrI ]]bdodwfcHolwpfOD;}} qdkonfrSm emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Iyifjzpfonf[k,HkMunf
onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
1/
tcef;BuD; 2 üazmfjyonfh xm0&EdkifiHawmfpwifjcif;onf pwkw¬ajrmuftifyg,m
twGif;jzpfonf/
2/
tcef;BuD; 7;13 ü azmfjyonfh ]]vlom;wpfOD;}} tm;xm0&EdkifiHawmfwpfckay;tyfonf/
3/
a&G;EIwfjcif;taMumif;jzpfaom 9;24 ygpum;pkonfusqif;aomurÇmhordkif;\tqHk;
owfjcif;tm;azmfjyonf/
4/
"r®opfusrf;üa,½Ionf'Ha,vtem*wdåusrf;tm;toHk;jyKrI (róJ24;15/ rmuk 13;
14)/
 ]]ocif^t&Sif -Lord}}*sL;bmomü bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfcHemrawmf YHWHonf
oeYf&Sif;vGef;onfjzpfíor®musrf;pmzwf½Ionfhtcg
bk&m;ocif\emrawmfudktusdK;rJhtaMumif;rJhac:&ma&mufum (xGuf20;7/ w&m;a[m5;11)
ynwfawmfwpfq,fyg;teufwpfyg;tm;csKd;azmuf&ma&mufrnfudkpdk;&drfMu ojzifh *sL;usrf;pm
q&mBuD;rsm;onf ]]udk,fawmf - Lord (Adon)[laombGJUemrjzifh tpm;xdk; Muonf/
"r®opfusrf;jyKolrsm;onf "r®ynmqdkif&mpmrsm;ü a,½Itm; ]]udk,fawmf -Lord}} (kurios)
41
[líac:Mu onfhtcgol\bk&m;jzpfjcif;tm; twnfjyKaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf2;36/
a&mr10;9-13/ zdvdyÜd 2;6-11)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\emrawmfrsm;
u/ El (BDB 42. KB 48)
1. a&S;a[mif;a0g[m&trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m bk&m;-deity \rlvteuft"dyÜg,frSmaocsm&Sif;vif;
jcif;r&Sdacs/ tcsdKUynm&Sifrsm;url Akkadian pum; ]]oefrmonf (0g) wefcdk;BuD;onf}}
rSqif;oufonf[kqdkMuonf/ (urÇmOD;17;1/ awmvnf23;19/ w&m;a[m7;21/
qmvH50;1)/
2. cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;\bk&m;ausmif;wefrsm;ü tjrifhbk&m;rSm EIjzpfonf/ (Ras Shamra
usrf;ydk'frsm;)
3. or®musrf;pmxJü EI udkwjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh rwGJzufacs/ atmufygwGJzufrI
rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\ p½dkuftm;azmfjyonf/
1. EI – Elyon – tJvf - {vDtGef (tjrifhqHk:aombk&m: BDB 42 &751 II),
urÇmO;D 14;18-22/ w&m;a[m 32;8/ a[&Sm, 14;14/
2. EI – Roi – (]]jrifhaombk&m;}} (0g) ]]olUudk,folzGifhjyaombk&m;}} BDB 42 &
909)?
urÇmOD;16;13/
3. EI – Shaddai – (]]wefcdk;tBuD;qHk;bk&m;}} (0g) ]]tvHk;pHkaom *½kPm&Sifbk&m;}} (0g)
]]awmifay:bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 994)? urÇmOD;17;1/ 35;11/ 43;14/ 49;25/
{zuf6;3/
4 EI – Olam – (xm0&bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 761)? urÇmOD;21;33/ þ
a0g[m&onf 'g0d'ftm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf2"r®7;13? 16 ESifh
"r®ynmoabmt&qufpyfonf/
5 EI – Berit– (]]y#dnmOfw&m;\bk&m;ocif}} BDB 42 & 136)? w&m;olBuD;9;46/
4. EI udkatmufyga0g[m&rsm;ESifh wef;xlxm;onf?
1. YHWH qmvH85;8/ a[&Sm,42;5/
2. Elohim urÇmOD;46;3/ a,mb5;8/ ]]igonfoifhzcif\ EI jzpfol Elohim
jzpfonf/}} (I am EI, the Elohim of your father)
3. Shaddai urÇmOD;49;25/
4. ]]tjypf&Sdonf[kxifvG,fol}} (jealousy-o0efwdkwwfol)/ xGuf34;14/ w&m;a[m
4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/
5. ]]*½kPm}} w&m;a[m4;31/ ae[rd9;31/
6. ]]wefckd;BuD;í aMumufrufbG,fjzpfaom}} w&m;a[m7;21/ 10;17/ ae[rd1;5/
9;32/ 'Ha,v9;4/
7. oAÁñkwOmPfawmf&Sif? 1"r®2;3/
8. ]]ig\cdkifcHhaomcdkvIH&m}} 2"r®22;33/
9. ]]ightwGufudk,fpm;acsay;ol}} 2"r®22;48/
10. ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,5;16/
11. ]]wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,10;21/
12. ]]uREfkyf\u,fwifjcif;}} a[&Sm,12;2/
42
13. ]]BuD;jrwfíwefcdk;awmfESifhjynfhpHkol}} a,&rd21;18/
14. ]]tusdK;tjypfudkay;ol}} a,&rd51;56/
"r®a[mif;ü &Sdbk&m;ocif\emrnftm;vHk; a,m½I 22;22 üwaygif;wnf;awGU&onf/
(EI, Elohim, YHWH ESpfcgxyfíazmfjyonf/)
5/
c/
Elyon (BDB 751, KB 832)
1. 4if;\tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ]]jrifhaom}} ]]csD;ajr§mufxm;aom}} (0g) ]] jr§ifhwifxm; aom}}
[líjzpfonf/ (urÇmOD;40;17/ 3"r®9;8/ 4"r®18;17/ ae[rd3;25/ a,&drd20;3/
36;10/ qmvH18;13)/
2. 4if;udkbk&m;ocif\tjcm;aombGJUemrtawmfrsm;rsm;ESifh tvm;wltoHk;jyKonf/
1. Elohim- qmvH47;1-2/ 73;11/ 107;11/
2. YHWH - urÇmOD;14;22/ 2"r®22;14/
3. EI - Shaddai - qmvH91;1?9/
4. EI - awm24;16/
5. Elah - 'Ha,v2-6 ESifh {Z7 4-7 wdkYü 'Ha,v3;26/ 4;2/
5;18?21wdkYü&Sdonfh illair (tm&rd-BuD;jrifhaombk&m;)ESifh qufpyfoHk;avh&Sdonf
3. tpöa&;r[kwfolrsm;tjzpfvnf; rMumcPoHk;Muonf/
1. arvcdZ'uf – urÇm18;18-22/
2. Amvrf – awm24;16/
3. w&m;32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajym&mü arma&StoHk;jyKonf/
4. "r®opfusrf;\vkumc&pf0ifusrf;ü wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;pma&;&mü4if; ESifh
t"dyÜg,fwl*&dpum; HysistostoHk;jyKonf/ (1;32? 35? 76/ 6;35/ 8;28/
wref7;48/ 16;17)/
*/ Elohim (trsm;jyudef;)Eloah (tenf;jyudef;)/ rlvtm;jzifhuAsmtvFmrsm;üoHk;onf/ (BDD
43, KB 52)/
1. þa0g[m&udk "r®a[mif;jyifyürawGU&acs/
2. þpum;vHk;onftpöa&;wdkYbk&m;ocif (0g) wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\bk&m;rsm;tm;ñTef;qdk
Edkifonf/ (xGuf12;12/ 20;3)/ tmjA[H\ rdom;pkrsm;onf ewfbk&m;trsm;udk;uG,fol
rsm;jzpfonf/ (a,m½I24;2)/
3. tpöa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm; ñTef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (xGuf21;6/ qmvH82;6)/
4.
a0g[m&udk tjcm;emrf0dnmOfrsm;
qdkifívnf;
w&m;32;8
(LXX)
wdkYrSmuJhodkYtoHk;jyKonf/
Elohim
43
(aumif;uifwrefrsm;? ewfqdkrsm;) ESifh
qmvH8;5/
a,mb1;6/
38;7
5. or®musrf;pmü4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\yxrqHk;bGJUemrawmfjzpfonf/
urÇm2;4ü
YHWHESifhyl;wGJroHk;rDtjcm;pum;vHk;ESifh
tajccHtm;jzifh^"r®ynmqdkif&m
(urÇm1;1)/
4if;udk
ra&mbJoD;oefYoHk;onf/ 4if;onf
t&bk&m;ociftm;zefqif;ol?
xdef;csKyfolESifh
þurÇmN*dKvfay:owå0gtm;vHk;tm;axmufyHholtjzpf&nfñTef;onf (qmvH104) /
4if;onf
EIESifh
(Elohim)
t"dyÜg,fqifwlonf
rSmuJhokdYHWH
(w&m;32;15-19)/
ESifhtvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/
4if;onf
qmvH14
bk&m;bGJUemrrsm;ajymif;vJvdkufjcif;
uvTJvQif 4if;rSm qmvH 53 (YHWH) ESifhtwdtuswlonf/
6. 4if;onftrsm;jyudef;jzpfumtjcm;bk&m;rsm;ü
bk&m;ociftm;ñTef;qdkavh&Sdonf/
oHk;aomfvnf;þa0g[m&onftpöa&;\
odkYaomf
bk&m;wpfqlwnf;tm;
azmfñTef;&ef
tenf;jyBud,moHk;avh&Sdonf/
7. þa0g[m&tm;bk&m;\emrawmftjzpf
tpöa&;r[kwfolrsm;\EkwfrSvnf;xGufavh&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/
1/ arvcdZ'uf/ urÇm14;18-22/
2/ Amvrf/
awm24;2/
3/ w&m; 32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; ajymonfhtcgarma&StoHk;jyKonf/
7. tpöa&;wkdY\wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;twGufemrnftrsm;jyudef;jzpfaejcif;rSmxl;qef;onf/
aocsmr[kwfaomfvnf;oDtdk&DtcsdKU&Sdonf/
1. a[NAJwdkYü
txl;jyKazmfjyjcif;twGuf
trsm;jyudef;
trsm;tjym;toHk;jyKMuonf/
4if;onf
aemufydkif;üay:vmonfh
a[NAJo'´g
oabmw&m;wpfrsdK;jzpfaom
]]cefYnm;x,f0gjcif;\
trsm;udef;rsm;}}
qdkonfht&mESifh
rsm;pGmeD;pyfonf/
4if;oabmü trsm;jyudef;rsm;udk t,ltqwpfcktm; tus,fcsJU&ef? csJUum;azmfjy&ef
toHk;jyKonf/
2.
4if;onfaumif;uifbHkü
vdkufemaqmif&Gufaom
bk&m;ocifqifhac:onfh
aumif;uifwrefrsm;
nDvmcHudk
(3"r®22;19-23/ a,mb1;6/ qmvH82;1/ 89;5?7)/
44
rdrd\qifhqdkrltm;
&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
3. 4if;onfyk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;aygif;bk&m;wpfqltajymif; "r®opfusrf;üzGifhjyrIudkxif[yfjcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/ urÇm1;1 bk&m;ocifzefqif;onf urÇm1;2 ü0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;um"r®
opfusrf;üa,½Ionf crnf;awmf\zefqif;jcif;wefqmyvmjzpfonf/ (a,m[ef1;3?
10/ a&mr11;36/ 1aum8;6/ aum1;15/ a[NAJ1;2/ 2;10)/
C/
YHWH (BDB 217, KB 394)
1/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ociftm;y#dnmOfw&m;jyKol?
ay:vGifapaombGJUemrjzpfonf/
u,fwifol?
a&G;EIwfol?
vlom;onfy#dnmOfw&m;rsm;udk
bk&m;tjzpf
csdK;azmufaomf
vnf;bk&m;ocifrSmrl rdrdajympum;? rdrd\ uwdawmf? rdrdy#dnmOfw&m;ay:opöm&Sd onf
(qmvH 103)/
þemrudk
Elohim
ESifh aygif;pyfíyxrqHk; (urÇm2;24 üazmfjyonf/ urÇm1-2
üzefqif;jcif; rSwfwrf;ESpfck&Sdjcif; r[kwfbJ? txl;jyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1) 0w¬Kydkif;qkdif&m
pBuFm0|m zefqif;olbk&m;tjzpfESifh (2) bk&m;ociftm; vlowå0gzefqif;ol tjzpftxl;
azmfjyonf/
urÇm2;4-3;24
olYtm;zef;qifjcif;\
&nf&G,fcsufenf;wltjypf
twktEdIif;uif;aom
2/
onfvlom;\txl;
tcGifhta&;&aom
taetxm;ESifh
jyóemESifh
ykefuefrIonf
taetxm;ESifh wGJzufaMumif;tm; pwifzGifhjyonf/
urÇm4;26 ü]]vlrsm;onf xm0&bk&m;\emrawmfudktrSDjyKí udk;uG,fpjyKMuav \}}
(YHWH)
[kqdkonf/
odkYaomfy#dnmOfcHueOD;vlrsm;onf
olwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;) bk&m;ocifudk
EI – Shaddai
(bdk;ab;rsm;ESifh
tjzpfomvQifod&SdcJhMuaMumif;
xGuf6;3 t&od&Sd&onf/
YHWH emrawmfudk xGuf3;13-16 txl;ojzifh ti,f 14 ü wpfBudrf omvQif
&Sif;vif;xm;onf/ rnfodkYjzpfaparma&Sa&;aom pmrsm;ürl pum;vHk;rsm; tm;vlodrsm;aom
pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh
upm;
um&Sif;vif;avh&SdNyD;
pum;vHk;rsm;\rlv
ukdpdppfavhvmjcif;
oabmrsdK;roHk;acs/ (urÇm17;5/ 27;36/29;13-35)/ þbGJU emrawmf\t"dyÜg,ftwGuf
oDtdk&Dtawmf rsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (IDB, Vol 2, pp.409-11) rS&,lonf/
1. tm&yfrl&if;pum;rSqif;oufvmNyD; ]]jyif;jyaomarwåmjy&ef}}
2. tm&yfrl&if;pum; ]]wdkufcwfonf (YHWHtm;rkefwdkif; bk&m;tjzpf)
3. Ugartic ,l*g;wpfac:cgeefpum;rSqif;oufNyD;]]ajymqdkonf}}
4. zdkeD;&Sef;uAÁnf;ausmufpmwpfckt&]]qufvufwnf&Sdaeapol}}(0g) ]]wnfNrJapol}}
45
5. a[NAJ Qal Bud,myHkpH ]]&Sdaeol}} (tem*wftjrifü ]]&SdaeOD;rnfol}})
6. a[NAJ Hiphil Bud,myHkpH ]]jzpfay:apol}}
7. a[NAJrl&if;
(urÇm3;20)
]]touf&Sifonf}}/t"dyÜg,frSm
]]tNrJtouf&Sifol}}
]]wpfyg;wnf;touf&Sifaeol}}
8. xGuf 3;13-16 ygusrf;ydk't
f & ]]igonfjzpfae ustwdik f; qufvufjzpfaernf}}(0g)
]]igonf^jzpfcJhí,ckwdkif^jzpfae onfhtwdkif; qufvuf^jzpfaernf}} (J.Wash Watt,
A Survey of Syntax in the Old Testament, p.67) YHWH \emrnf
tjynfhtpHkudktwdkaumufjzifh (0g) jzpfEkdiforQrl&if;yHkpHtm;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/
(1) Yah (Oyrm Hallelu-yah, BDB 219, xGu1f 5;2/ 17;16/ qmvH89;9/
104;35)/
(2) Yaho (“iah” ESifhqHk;aomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Isaiah)/
(3) Yo (“JJo”ESifhpaomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Joshua (0g) Joel)/
*sL;bmomüaemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif
þy#dnmOfcHemrawmfrSm
oefY&Sif;vGef;ojzifh?
3/
xGuf20;7/ w&m;5;11/ 6;13 wkdYüyg&Sdaom ynwfcsufudk csdK;azguf&mra&muf ap&ef *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf
xdkemrawmfudk
rajym&JMuacs/
]]udk,fawmf
[lít"dyÜg,f &Sdaoma[NAJpum;vHk;
lord
xdkYaMumifholwdkYonf
]]ydkif&Sif}}
adon
(0g)
]]q&mBuD;^master}}
adonai
(uREfkyf\t&Sif) jzifhtpm;xdk;
Muonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;zwf&if; YHWH pum;vHk;ESifh wdk;rdaomtcgt&Sif (my
Muonf/
xkdYaMumifh
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü
YHWH
udk
]]cifyGef;onf}}
LORD
lord)
[ktoHxGuf
[lípmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifh
a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/
4/
EI, YHWH
ESifhpyfvsOf;ítpöa&;wdkY\ y#dnmOfcHbk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;csuf tcsdKUtm;
tav;teufjyK&ef 4if;udk tjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifhwGJzufavh&Sdonf/ wGJzuf a0g[m&rsm;pGm&SdEdkifaomfvnf;
þae&mwGiftcsdKUazmfjyygonf/
1. YHWH- Yireh a,a[m0g;-,D&d (YHWHonfjyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/ BDB 217 & 906)/
urÇm22;14/
2. YHWH-Rophekha
a,a[m0g;-a&myufcg
(YHWH
onfoifhtm;
a&m*gaysmufuif;apoljzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 950) xGuf15;26/
3. YHWH- Nissi a,a[m0g;-edpd (YHWH onfig\atmifvaH wmfjzpfonf/ BDB
217 & 651) xGuf17; 15/
4. YHWH- Meladdishkem (YHWH onfoifhtm;oefY &Sif;apoljzpfonf/ BDB
217&872 Piel PARTICLE) xGuf31;13/
46
5. YHWH- Shalom (YHWH onfNidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB 217&1022)
w&m;olBuD;6;24/
6. YHWH- Sabbaoth (AdkvfajcwdkY\YHWHjzpfonf/ BDB 217&878) 1"r®
1;3?11/4;4/ 15;2/ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ürMumcPawGU&onf/
7. YHWH- Ro I (YHWH onfuREfkyftm;odk;uJhodkY xdef;ausmif;oljzpfonf/
BDB217&944 Qa/ PARTICLE)qmvH23;1/
8. YHWH- Sidqenu (YHWH onfigwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB
217&841) a,&rd23;6/
9. YHWH- Shammah (YHWH onfþt&yfü&Sdonf/ BDB 217&1027)
a,Zausv 48;35/
1;5 ]]igwkdY}} aygvkonf ola&;aomtjcm;Mo0g'pmwdkYrSm enf;wlrdrd\ tzGifhrdwfqufü
tjcm;olrsm;tm;azmfjy jcif;rjyKcJhacs/ þpum;pkonf 'roufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ü aygvk ajymif;vJ
oGm;cJhjcif;ESifh cefYtyfjcif; cH&rItm; &nfñGef;onf/ (wref9)/ ]]igwdkY}} [laom pum;vHk;onf
tqdkyg cefYtyfcH&jcif;udktcdkiftrmqdkvdkonf/
 ]]aus;Zl;awmfESifh wrefawmft&mudkigwdkYonfcH&MuNyD}} aygvkonf c&pfawmfaMumifh
&aomu,fwifjcif; qkaus;Zl;udk omvQifajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? 4if;ESifh qufpyfvsuf
wyg;trsdK;om;wkdYtwGufwrefawmftjzpf ac:jcif;cH&rIudkyg tcdkiftrmajymjcif;jzpfygonf/
þt&mtm;vHk;
'roufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:ücsufjcif;
jzpfay:onf/
(AORIST
ACTIVE INDICATIVE, wrefawmf 9;1-22/ 22;3-16/ 26;9-18)/
4if;rSmxdkufwefrIaMumifh r[kwfbJ aus;Zl;awmfoufoufjzpfonf/
]]aus;Zl;awmf}} ESifh ]]wrefawmft&m}} udkwpfrsdK;wnf;tjzpf ]]wrefawmfjzpf&jcif;aus;Zl;}}
[k,lEdkifonf/ (NET note # 13)]]"r®opfusrf; bmomjyefusrf; 26usrf; (The New
Testament in 26 Translations (p.646) pvHk;onf4if;udk-------.
 ]]apjcif;iSg (to bring about)}} 4if;rSm&nf&G,fcsufwckwnf;twGuf eis tm;'kwd,
tBudrfoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ wif;aumif;onfbk&m;ocif\oP²mefawmfudk a,½Ic&pfawmftm;
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jyefvnf&,laponf/ 4if;onf bk&m;ocif\ rlvtBuHtpnftm;
ay:vGifvmaponf/ 4if;rSm bk&m;ocif\trSwfvu©Pmudk xif[yfapaomvlrsdK;wpfrsdK;
(,HkMunfolrsm;)ESifh rdrd\ &if;ESD;aom rdwfo[m, yifjzpfonf/ (i,f 7)/

NASB, NJB]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;}}
NKJV]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;twGuf}}
NRV]],HkMunfem;axmifapjcif;iSg}}
TEV]],HkMunfíem;axmifap&ef}}
47
4if;rSma&mrMo0g'ü tcsuftjcma0g[m&jzpfaom ]],HkMunfjcif;}} pum;vHk;tm; yxrqHk;
toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (4;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg)/ þpum;vHk;udk þtcef;BuD;ESifh
þusrf;xJü oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;jzifh toHk;jyKonf/
1. ti,f
5/
a,½IESifhc&pf,meftoufwmESifh
qdkifaom
or®mw&m;rsm;(0g)
Mo0g'rsm;twGuf toHk;jyK onf/ (wrefawmf6;7/ 13;8/ 14;22/ 16;5/ a&mr14;1/
16;26/ *vmwd1;23/ 6;10/ ,k' 3?20)/
2. ti,f 8/ þae&mrlvlwpfOD;csif;u a,½Itm;,HkMunfjcif; twGuftoHk;jyKonf/
t*Fvdyf pum;vHk; ]] believe,}} ]] faith }} ESifh ]] trust }} oHk;rsdK;pvHk; (,HkMunfonf/
udk;pm;onf)
*&dpum;
(pistis/pisteuo)
tm;bmomjyef
jcif;jzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf tawG;tac: (t,l0g') ESifh yk*¾dKvfESpfrsdK;pvHk;jzpfonf/ (i,f 16/
a,m[ef 1;12? 3;36)/ 4;5 \txl;acgif;pOfudkMunfhyg/
3. ti,f 17/ þae&mü "r®a[mif;tjrifjzpfaom tm;udk;tm;xm;xdkufjcif;?
opöm&Sdjcif;(0g) rSDcdkí&jcif;tjzpf toHk;jyKonf/ 4if;rSm[AuúKwf2;4\t"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/
"r®a[mif;acwfü ,HkMunfjcif;qkdif&mMo 0g'zGHYNzdK;rI[lí r&SdbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
touf&Sifjcif;\ Oyrmrsm;wpfckNyD; wpfomvQif&Sdonf/ (tmjA[H- urÇmOD;15;6)/
4if;wdkYrSmpHkvifjynfh0aom,HkMunfjcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ½kef;uefrlomvQif
jzpfonf/ (a[NAJ11)/ vlom;\ajrmfvifhjcif;rSmrdrdwkdYvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf; (0g) rSefuefpGm
,HkMunfEdkifjcif;r[kwfbJbk&m;ocif\yifukd,fp½dkuftm;jzifh&&Sdaomajrmfvihfjcif;jzpfonf/
(3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf2;8-9)/ bk&m;&SifuomvQif,HkMunfxdkufoljzpfonf (rmvcd3;6) /
u,fwifjcif;jzpfpOf[kac:EdkifaomjyKrIaqmif&GufrIjzpfpOfwpfck&Sdonf/
(1) tjypfudkaemifw&jcif; (2;4/ rmuk1;15/ vkum13;3?5/ wref3;16?19/ 20;21)/
(2) ,HkMunfjcif;/ belief/ faith (1;16/ a,m[ef1;12/ 3;16/ wref16;31/
a&ESpfr*Fvmonf rdrd\ ,HkMunfrItm; vltrsm;a&SuarSmufü aMumfjimjcif;
jzpfonf/)
(3) emcHjcif;êm;axmifjcif;/ (2;13/ 2aum9;13/ 10;5/ 1ay1;2?22)/
(4) pGJNrJjcif;(2;7/ vkum18;1/ 2aum4;1? 16/ *vmwd6;9/ 2ouf 3;13)/
4if;wdkYrSm y#dnmOfw&m;opf\tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSmc&pfawmftxJrS
bk&m;ocifay;onfht&mudkvufcH^,HkMunfumqufuyfí
vufcH^,HkMunfoGm;&efjzpfonf/
(i,f 16/ a,m[ef1;12)/
48
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu,HkMunfjcif;ûdk;pm;jcif;? opöm&Sdjcif; faith and faithfulness (gba)
believe, trust,
1/ tzGifhazmfjycsuf
"r®ynmqdkif&m þt,ltqtm;toHk;jyKjcif;onf "r®opfusrf;ütBuD;jrwfqHk;jzpfaomt&mjzpfum?
"r®a[mif;usrf;ürlxdkodkY&Sif;vif;jcif;r&SdaMumif;azmfjy&efvdktyfonf/ 4if;rSm"r®a[mif;usrf;ü &Sdonf
rSefaomfvnf; a&G;cs,fxm;onfh aomhcsuf pmydk'frsm;ESifh yk*¾dKvfrsm;ü om&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf; xJa&mpyfyg0ifyHkrsm;
u/ vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh vlrItodkif;t0dkif;
c/ vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh awGUBuHK&jcif;ESifh y#dnmOfw&m;tm;emcHjcif;/
,HkMunfjcif;onfvludk,fwdkifawGUBuHKjcif;ESifh
aeYpOftouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfonf/
tu©&mpm
om;rsm;tm;jzifha&;om; azmfjyjcif;xuf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muftm;jzifh azmfjyjcif;rSmydkrdkvG,fulonf/
vlyk*¾dKvfüjrif&yHkudktaumif;qHk;&Sif;vif;azmfjyrIrsm;rSm
u/ tmNA[HESifh ol\tquftEG,frsm;
c/ 'g0d'f ESifh tpöa&;
þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf
bk&m;ocifudkawGUBuHKMu&NyD;?
olwdkY\b0rSmtNrJajymif;
vJoGm;cJhonf/
(pHkvifjynfh0aomtoufwmrsdK;r[kwfbJ? qufvuf,HkMunfoGm;aomtoufwmjzpfonf)/ prf;oyfcH&
rIrsm;onfbk&m;ociftm;
awGUBuHKaomolwdkY\
,HkMunfrItm;enf;csuftm;om;csufrsm;udkay:vGifap
aomfvnf;&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifaom? ,HkMunfudk;pm;onfhqufqHa&;onfwpfa&SmufvHk;qufvufoGm;cJhonf/
4if;onfprf;oyfjcif;ESifh aq;aMumrIrsm;cH&aomfvnf; olwdkY\qufuyfrIESifh touf&Sifjcif;
yHkpHuouf aoxlonfhtwdkif;qufvufoGm;cJhonf/
toHk;jyKaomrl&if;pum;vHk;
2/
u/ gba (BDB 52)
1/ Bud,m
(1) Qal tajccH -axmufyHhonf? auR;arG;jyKpkonf (4"r®10;1?5/ {owm2;7/
"r®ynmESifh rqdkifaomtoHk;tEIef;)
(2) Niphal tajccH- aocsmaponf (0g) twnfjzpfaponf? wnfaxmifonf?
twnfjyKonf? ,HkMunftm;xm;&onf/
1. vlrsm;ESifh qdkifía[&Sm, 8;2/ 53;1/ a,&rd 40;14/
2. t&m0w¬Krsm;ESifh qdkifí a[&Sm, 22;23/
3. bk&m;ocifESihf qdkifíw&m;a[m 7;9?12/ a[&Sm, 49;7/ a,&rd 42;5/
2/ Hiphil tajccH – cdkifcHh&yfwnfonf? ,HkMunfonf? udk;pm;onf/
1. tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfonf/ urÇmOD; 15;6/
2. tD*spfEdkifiHu tpöa&;vlrsdK;rsm;u,HkMunfcJhMum;onf/xGuf 4;31/ 14;31
(w&m;a[m 1;32üy,fzsufonf)
49
3. arma&SrSwqifh pum;ajymaom YHWH udktpöa&;rsm;,HkMunf cJhMuonf/
xGuf19;9/ qmvH106;12?24/
4. tmcwfrif;onf bk&m;ocifudkr,HkMunf? a[&Sm,7;9/
5. 4if;ôlYtm;vHk;,HkMunfolwdkif;? a[&S,28;16/
6. bk&m;ociftaMumif;or®mw&m;rsm;,HkMunf? a[&Sm, 43;10-12/
2/ txD;jyemrf - opöm&Sdjcif; (w&m;a[m32;20/ a[&Sm,25;1/ 26;2)
-ppfrSefpGm? rSefuefpGm? uREfkyfoabmwlnDonf? xdkodkYjzpfEdkifonf
3/ Bud,m
(w&m;a[m27;15-26/ 3"r®1;36/ 1&m16;36/ a[&Sm,65;16/ a,&rd11;5? 28;6/ 4if;rSm"r®a[mif;?
"r®opfrsm;&Sdqkawmif;pmrsm;ü oHk;onf ]]tmrif}} jzpfonf/
c/ (BDB 54) trjyemrf - cdkifrmjcif;? opöm&Sdjcif;? or®mw&m;
1/ vlrsm;ESifh qdkifí? a[&Sm,10;20/ 42;3/ 48;1/
2/ bk&m;ESihf qdkifí? xGuf34;6/ qmvH117;2/ a[&Sm,38;18? 19/61;8/
3/ or®mw&m;ESifh qdkifí? w&m;a[m32;4/ 3"r®22;16/ qmvH33;4/ 98;3/
100;5/ 119;30/ a,&rd9;4/ Zmc&d8;16/
*/
(BDB 53) cdkifcHhjcif;? wnfNrJjcif;? opömapmifhjcif;/
1/ vufrsm;ESifh qdkifí? xGuf17;12/
2/ tcsdefumvESifh qdkifí? a[&Sm,33;6/
3/ vlom;rsm;ESifh qdkifí? a,&rd5;3/ 7;28/ 9;2/
4/ bk&m;ESifhqdkifí? qm 40;11/ 88;12/ 89;2?3?6?9/ 119;138/
3/ þ"r®a[mif;t,ltqudk aygvktoHk;jyKonf/
u/ aygvkonf YHWH ESifh "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufrIudk
'roufNrdKUoGm;
&mvrf;ay:a,½IESifh
yk*¾dKvftm;jzifhqHkawGUjcif;tay:tajcjyKonf/
(wrefawmf9;22/ 26)/
c/
olonfrdrd\topfem;vnfoabmaygufrltm;taxmuftuljyKonfh aomhcsufusaom"r®
a[mif;usrf;ydk'fESpfckawGU&NyD; 4if;wkdYürl&if; ‫ אםו‬udktoHk;jyKonf/
1. urÇm15;6 - bk&m;ocif tpjyKrIjzifhtmjA[Honf rdrdudk,fwdkif bk&m;ocif
tm;awGUBuHKrIonf urÇm 12 ,HkMunfrIjzifh emcHaomtoufwmjzpfaponf/
(urÇm12-22) aygvkonfþtcsufudk a&mr4ESifh *vmwd3 wkdYü&nfñTef;onf/
2. a[&Sm,28;16 - olukd,HkMunfolrsm;onf (bk&m;ocifuprfoyfNyD;cdkifrmpGmcs
onfhwdkufaxmifhtkwfjrpfausmuf) rnfonfhtcgürQ
u/
a&mr 9;33 ]]&SufaMumufjcif;}} (0g) ]]pdwfysufjcif;}} rcHpm;ap&/
c/
a&mr 10;11 txufygtwkdif;
50
3. [AuúKwf2;4 - opömw&m;jynfh0ol bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;olrsm;onf
opöm&Sdaom toufwm&Sd &rnf/ (a,&rd7;28)/ aygvkonfþtaMumif;udkyif a&mr1;17 ESifh
*vmwd 3;10 üutoHk; jyKonf/ (a[NAJ 10;38 udkrSwfom;yg)/
4/ ayw½konf "r®a[mif;usrf;t,ltqtoHk;jyKyHk
u/ ayw½konf atmufygwkdYudkaygif;pyftoHk;jyKonf/
1/ a[&Sm, 8;14 - 1ay2;8 (xdrdívJp&m)
2/ a[&Sm, 28;16 - 1ay2;6 (wdkufaxmifhtkwfjrpf)
3/ qmvH 111;22 - 1ay2;7 (jiif;y,fcHausmufwHk;)
c/
olonftpöa&;tm; ]]a&G;cs,faomtrsdK;? rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom,Zfyka&m[dwfrsdK;? oefY&Sif;
aomtaygif;toif;}}
[lía&;om;azmfjyonfh
twktEdIif;uif;aompum;udk
atmufygusrf; ydk'fwkdYrS&,lonf/
1/ w&m;10;15/ a[&Sm43;21
2/ a[&Sm61;6/ 66;21
3/ xGuf19;6/ w&m;7;6
4if;wdkYudkc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfaomtoif;awmftwGuftoHk;jyKonf/
xdkt,ltqudk a,m[eftoHk;jyKyHkrSm
5/
u/ "r®opfusrf;ütoHk;jyKyHk
]],HkMunfonf (belived)}} pum;vHk;rSm*&dpum; pisteuõ rSvmNyD; ]],HkMunf}} (believe)
]]udk;pm;}} (faith or trust) [lívnf;bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh a,m[efc&pf0if
usrf;ü4if; pum;vHk;udkemrftjzpfrawGU&bJ Bud,mtjzpf omrMumcP oHk;onf/
emZ&uf NrdKUom;a,½Itm;ar&Sd,tjzpf vltkwfBuD;\ qufuyfrIrSm ppfrSefjcif;
believe
&Sdr&Sda,m[ef2;
23-25
üraorcsmjzpfonf/
]],HkMunf}}
qdkaomþpum;vHk;tm;
tay:,HtjzpftoHk;
jyKjcif;\
tjcm;Oyrmrsm;rSm
a,m[ef8;31-59ESifh wrefawmf 8;13? 18-24 wdkYjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmenf;us
ppfrSefonfh,HkMunfjcif; (faith) rSmtpjyKrIxufydkrdkonf/ 4if;udk wjynhf awmfjzpfjcif;
tqifhqifhuvdkufvm &rnfjzpfonf/ (róJ13;20-22?31-32)/
c/
4if;tm;0dbufrsm;ESifh toHk;jyKjcif;
eis \t"dyÜg,frSmtxJodkY into jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\udk;pm;^
1/
,HkMunfjcif;udk a,½ItxJxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
1. ol\emrnfxJü (a,m1;12/ 2;23/3;18/ 1a,m5;13)/
2. ol\txJü (a,m[ef2;11/ 3;15? 18/ 4;39/ 6;40/ 7;5?31?39?48/
8;30/ 9;36/ 10;42/ 11;45?48/ 17;37? 42/ róJ18;6/ wref10;43/
zdvdyÜd1;29/ 1ay1;8)/
3. ightxJü (a,m[ef6;35/ 7;38/ 11;25?26/ 12;44?46/ 14;1?12/
16;9/ 17;20)/
4. om;awmftxJü (a,m[ef3;36/ 9;35/ 1a,m5;10)/
5. a,½ItxJü (a,m[ef12;11/ wref19;4/ *vmwd2;16)/
6. tvif;awmfxJü (a,m[ef12;36)/
7. bk&m;ocifxJü (a,m[ef14;1)/
51
2/
onf ]]txJ - in }}[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ a,m[ef3;15/ rmuk1;15/
wref 5;14/
3/
epi onf txJ^tay: - in or upon [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ róJ 27;42/
wref9;42/ 11;17/16;31/ 22;19/ a&mr4;5? 24/ 9;33/ 10;11/ 1wd
1;16/ 1ay2;6/
4/
0dbwfrwGJbJtoHk;jyKaom DATIVE CASE usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm *vmwd3;6/ wref
18;8/ 27;25/ 1a,m3;23/ 5;10/
hoti onf ]]aMumif;tm;,HkMunfonf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&SdNyD; ,HkMunf&rnfht&m
5/
wqufwnf;yg0ifonf/
1. a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;oljzpfonf/ (a,m[ef6;69)/
2. a,½Ionf ig—jzpfonfqdkoljzpfonf/ (a,m[ef8;24)/
3. a,½Ionfcrnf;awmftxJ&Sdí? crnf;awmfonfolYtxJ&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef
10;38)/
4. a,½IrSm ar&Sd,jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef11;27/10;31)/
5. a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfonf/ (a,m[ef11;27/ 20;31)/
6. a,½Iudkcrnf;awmfuapvGwfonf/ (a,m[ef11;42/ 17;8?21)/
7. a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifh wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef 14;1011)/
8. a,½Ionf crnf;awmfxHrS<uvmonf/ (a,m[ef16;27?30)/
9. a,½Ionf crnf;awmf\y#dnmOfcHemrawmfjzpfaom ]]ig--jzpfonf}} ESifh
rdrdudk,frdrdwxyfwnf;jyKonf/ (a,m[ef8;24/ 13;19)/
10. igwkdYonfolESifh twlaexdkifMurnf/ (a&mr6;8)/
11. a,½Ionf taocHí jyef&Six
f ajrmufonf/ (1ouf4;14)/
6/
ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;
or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;rSm bk&m;ajympum;ûwdawmftm; vlom;uwHkYjyefjcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonftpjyKavh&Sdaomfvnf; (a,m[ef 6;44?65) bk&m;&Sif\þqufoG,frIü vlom;
\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfonf/
u/
tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif; - trust
c/
y#dnmOfcHvkdufemrI –covenant obedience
or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;onf
1/
yk*¾dKvftm;jzifh qufpyfrI (tpjyKaom,HkMunfjcif;)
2/
or®musrf;enf;usor®mw&m;tm;twnfjyKjcif;/
(bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyrItm; t,HktMunf&Sdjcif;)
3/
4if;tm;oifhavsmfvHkavmufaomemcHrIjzifh wHkYjyefjcif; (aeYpOf,HkMunfrI)
en
or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;[lonf aumif;uifbHka&muf&ef vufrSwf (odYk) tmrcHpHepfwpf&yf
r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSm yk*¾dKvfcsif;qufpyfrI^ awmfpyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSm zefqif;jcif;\&nf&G,fcsuf
jzpfNyD;? vlom;rsm;udkbk&m;ocif\ oP²mefawmfESifh tnDbk&m;ocifuJhodkY zefqif;onf/ (urÇm
1;26-27)/ 4if;aMumifh jzpfvmaomt&mrSm ]]&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjcif;}} jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;^taygif;tazmfjzpfjcif;udk vdkvm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? "r®ynmqkdif&mt&yfwnfrIwpfck
tm;vdkvm;jcif;r[kwfacs/ odkYaomfoefY&Sif;awmfro
l lbk&m;ocifESifh taygif;toif;jzpfjcif;wGifom;
jzpfolwkdYü
]]rdom;pk}}
vu©Pmxif&Sm;ay:vGiaf e7efvdktyfonf/(OyrmoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;?
0wfjyK19;2/ róJ5;48/ 1ay1;15-16)/ tjypfxu
J sqif;jcif;onf uREfkyfwkdY\oifhavsmf
vHkavmufpGm wHkYjyefrIpGrf;&nfudk xddcdkufonf/
52
xkdYaMumifhbk&m;ocifonf
uREfkyfwdkYbufüaeum
vkyfaqmifvsuf
(a,Z36;27-38)
]]ESvHk;topf}} ESifh ]]0dnmOftopf}} ay;onf/ 4if;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;,HkMunfjcif;ESifh tjypfukd
aemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh udk,fawmfESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfum oltm;emcHEdkif&ef wwfpGrf;Edkifaponf/
txufyg tcsufoHk;ckpvHk;rSm tjywfqHk;jzwfrIay;onfhta&;BuD; tcsufrsm;jzpfonf/
oHk;csufpvHk;qufvufxdef;xm;&ygrnf/ yef;wdkifrSmbk&m;ociftm;oduRrf;&ef (a[NAJESifh *&d
tjrifESpfckpvHk;ü) ESifh ol\trSwftom;tm;uRefawmfwdkY\ toufwmü xif[yfay:vGif
ap&efjzpf onf/ ,HkMunfjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm wpfaeYaomtcgaumif;uifbHka&muf&ef r[kwfbJ?
c&pfawmfESifh aeYpOfwlae&efjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfESD;EG,rf ItwGufvlom;\opöm&Sdjcif;onftajccH("r®a[mif;)r[kwf
bJ? &v'f ("r®opf) jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\opömw&m;tay:vlom;u,HkMunfonf/ bk&m;
ocif\ ,HkMunfxdkufrIudkvlom;uudk;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;qdkif&m"r®opfusrf;tjrif\
tESpfom&rSmc&pfawmftxJ&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;onfh bk&m;ociftpjyKay;cJhaom aus;Zl;awmfESifh
*½kPmawmfudk vlom;utpjyKwHkYjyefum? qufvufwkHYjyef oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ udk,fawmfonf
uRefawmfwkdYudkcspfcJhygNyD/ om;awmfudkapvTwfcJhygNyD? uRefawmfwkdYudkaxmufrcJhygNyD/ uRefawmfwdkY
onf,HkMunfjcif;ESifh opöm&SdrIjzifhwHkYjyefMu&ygrnf/ ({zuf2;8-9 ESifh 10)/
opöm&Sdaombk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdtm;opömrJhaomavmuü zGifhjyrnfh? opöm&Sdaom
vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;tvdk&Sdaeygonf/

NASB ]]rdrd\emrawmfudkaxmufí}}
NKJV ]]rdrd\emrawmftbdkYtvdkiSg}}
NRSV ]]rdrd\emrawmfudkaxmufí}}
TEV ]]c&pfawmfudkaxmufí}}
NJB ]]emrawmftm;csD;ajr§muf&ef}}
10;9\txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
 ]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;/}} *&drl&if;usrf;\twdtuspum;pkrSm ]]em;axmifapjcif;iSg(eis)}}
[líjzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;rSm
1/ tjypfudkaemifw&jcif;ESifh udk;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh csufjcif;em;axmifêmcH&efjzpfonf/
2/ c&pfawmfuJhodkYaomemcHjcif;ESifhpGJNrJaomtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpH
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
qkaus;Zl;
wpfrsdK;jzpfaomfvnf;
&vm'fudkarQmfvifhonf!
"r®opfusrf;onf "r®a[mif; enf;wly#dnmOf w&m;jyKjcif;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk;onf
,HkMunfjcif;êmcHjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefrIawmif;qdkonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ütusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;? wm0efrsm;ESifh
ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Oyrm {zuf1;4/ 2;10)/4if;rSmajzmifhrwfaomtvkyfr[kwfbJ?
twnfjyKaom tvkyfrsm;jzpfonf (,mukyf/ 1a,m)/ xm0&toufüjrifawGUEdkifaom
xl;jcm;rIrsm;&Sdonf/
53
 NASB, NRSV ]]wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; tm;vHk;txJü}}
NKJ ]]vlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;txJü}}
TEV ]]vlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;rSvlrsm;}}
NJB ]]omoemyvlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;}}
4if;rSmwpfurÇmvHk;qdkif&m {0H*vdw&m;jzpfonf/ urÇmOD;
3;15
xJbk&m;ocif
uwdjyKonfha&G;EIwf jcif;üvlom;wpf&yfvHk;yg0ifonf/ a,½I\ udk,fpm;jyK taocHjcif;onf
tjypfüusqif;aomtm'H\tquftEG,ftm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ (5;18/ a,m[ef1;29/
3;16/ 4;42/ 6;35? 51/ 1aum15;22/ 2aum5;19/ {zuf2;11-3;13/ 1wd2;4/ 4;10/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREfkyf\{0Ha*vdqkdif&moD;oefYtjrif
wdwk2þtcsuf
;11/ a[N
;9/tjrif2ay3;9/
1a,m2;2/
nf"r®ynm
rdrdtqdm;wpf
üuREfAkyJ2f\
wpfrsdK;jzpfaMumif
;pm½Iolrsm;ud4;14)/
k0efcHygonfaygvk
/ uREfo
kyf\
kif&m yg;
trsrdK;Smom;rs
bk&w
m;ocif
{0Ha*vd
owif;aumif
ym&ef
t)r[k
xl;w
ac:zd
fjciftjzpf
tjrif
uJvfAmif;xH
0g'r[k
fovdku\mvtyd
kif;tjcm;0g'vnf
; ;tm;a[maj
(dispensationel
ical
fbJ? wr[map
jrif;{0H
oanf*vd
/ 0(wref
;15/
22;21/
26;17/ vka&mr11;13/
1;16/o2;29/
cdod
kif;jcif
g'jzpfo9nf
/ (róJ
28;18-20/
um24;46-47/ 15;16/
wref1;8)*vmwd
bk&m;ocif
nf
rd{zuf
rdoP²3m;2?8/
efawmfE1wd
Sifht2nD;7/ rd2wd
rdu4Jho;17)/
dkY zefqif;aomvlom;tm;vHk; (urÇm1;26-27) wdkYtm;a&G;EIwf&ef
xm0&tBuHtpnfawmf&Sdonf[kuREfkyf,HkMunfonf/ (urÇm3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf19; 5-6/ a,&rd31;
31-34/ a,Z18/ 36;22-39/ wref2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29/ a&mr3; 9-18? 19-20? 2131)/ y#dnmOft&mrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJüaygif;pnf;xm;onf/ (*vmwd3;28-29/ aum3;11)/
bk&m;ocifonfzHk;uG,fxm;aomt&mjzpfaomfvnf;
a,½Ionf,cktcgzGifhjycJhNyDjzpfonf/
({zuf2;
11-3;13)! or®musrf;pm\aomhcsufrSmtpöa&;r[kwf? "r®opfusrf;\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jzpfonf/
þuJhodkYaomem;vnfrIonf
uREfkyfjyKorQaomor®musrf;pmteufjyefrItm;vHk;\ tajccHjzpf
onf/ uREfkyfonfor®musrf;pmxJ&Sd taMumif;t&mtm;vHk;
þtajccHjzifhzwf½yI gonf/ 4if;onf
wpfzufowfusonf rSefaomfvnf;(teufjyefoltm;vHk;ü xdkuJhodkYjzpfonf/) 4if;rSmor®musrf;pmenf;
ustodtjrifrsm;rS&&Sdonf/
1;6
]]oifwdkYonfvnf;}}
aygvkonfbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh
qdkifíjyif;xefaom
yHkoufao(toif;awmfudk ñSOf;yef;ol) jzpfaomfvnf; ol\pmzwfolrsm;rSmvnf;bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmfESifh rxdkufwefjcif;\ yHkoufaorsm;jzpfMuonf/
 NASB, NKJV ]] xdkocifac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}
NRSV
]]a,½Ic&pfawmfydkifqdkif&m tjzpfac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}
54
TEV
]]a,½Ic&pfawmfydkifqkdif&mtjzpfbk&m;ocifac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}
NJB
]]ac:zdwfawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh a,½Ic&pfawmfydkifqdkif&mjzpfaom}}
jzpfEdkifonfrSm
1/
]]ac:xkwfcH&olrsm;}} (0g) ]]pka0;aeolrsm;}} [lít"dyÜg,f&Sdaom ]]toif;awmf}}
qdkonfh pum;vHk;tm;arTaESmufazmfjyjcif;/
2/
bk&m;ocif\a&G;aumufjcif;tm;&nfñTef;jcif; (a&mr 8;29-30/ 9;1/ {zuf
1;4?11/ 3;21/ 4;1?4)
3/
Revised English Bible \bmomjyefrI ]]ac:zdwfawmfrljcif;udkMum;cJh&NyD;?
a,½Ic&pfawmf ydkifqdkif&mjzpfaom oifwkdY}} onfþpum;pkrsm;tm; NRSV,
TEV
ESifh
JB
wdkY\
bmomjyefrIrsm;udk
xif[yf
onf/
atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]ac:zdwfjcif;cH&aom}}
bk&m;ocifonf ac:zdwfjcif;? a&G;aumufjcif;ESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;olxHodkYydk;yef;jcif;rsm;jyKum?
pwifjcif;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef6;44?65/ 15;16/ 1aum1;12/ {zuf1;4-5?11) ]]ac:zdwfjcif;}} [l
aoma0g[m&udk "r®ynmqkdif&m tjriftawmfrsm;rsm;ütoHk;jyKonf/
u/
bk&m;ocifonfc&pfawmf\NyD;pD;oGm;cJhaomtvkyfESifh 0dnmOfutjypfazmfjyrIrS wpfqifh
tjypfom;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&&ef ac:zdwfonf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh
kletos a&mr 1;6-7/ 9;24onf "r®ynmtm;jzifh 1aum1;1-2 ESifh 2wd 1;9/
2ay1;10ESifh qifwlonf)/
c/
tjypfom;rsm;onfu,fwifjcif;&&efudk,fawmf\emrawmfudkac:Muonf/ (Oyrm epikale
wref 2;21/22;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/ 4if;rSm *sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;pum;
wpfckjzpfonf/
*/
,HkMunfolwdkYudk c&pfawmfuJhodkY touf&Sif&efac:zdwfonf/ (Oyrm klesis 1aum 1;26/
7;20/ {zuf 4;1/ zdvdyÜd 3;14/ 2ouf 1;11/ 2wd 1;9)
C/
,HkMunfolwdkYudk trIawmfwm0efxrf;aqmif&efac:zdwfonf/ (wrefawmf 13;2/ 1aum
12;4-7/ {zuf 4;1)
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) usrf;/
2
a&mrNrdKUü&Sdaom
/ 1;7
oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&onfhbk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;
cH&oltm;vHk;tay:
igwdkY\crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifESifh ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfxHrS aus;Zl;awmfESifh Nidrfoufjcif;toufa&mufyg
apaom/
55
1;7 ]]bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;cH&ol}} þpum;pkudka,½Iü oHk;avh&Sdonf/ (róJ3;17/ 17;5)/
,cka&mrNrdKUü &Sdaomtoif;awmfüoHk;! 4if;onf rdrd\om;awmftm; udk;pm; olrsm;ay:
bk&m;ocifrnfrQeuf½dIif;pGm cspfaMumif; jyonf/ þuJhokdYaomajymif;vJrIrsdK; {zuf1;20ü
vnf;awGU&onf/ (4if;rSma,½ItwGuf bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfNyD;? {zuf2;5-6
onf,HkMunfolrsm;twGufa,½I\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/)
 ]]a&mrNrdKUü}}þtoif;awmfudk
aygvkpwifcJhjcif;r[kwfacs/
þtoif;awmf
rnfolpwifaMumif;
rnf
olrSrodacs/
(ed'gef;üMunfh)
a&mrMo0g'pmrSm
wnfaxmifcJhNyD;om;toif;awmfodkY rdrdudk,f rdrdrdwfquf a&;om;aompmjzpfonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmrSm aygvkurdrda[majymcJhaom{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;udk taumif;qHk;
wdk;wufwifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif;*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om; ,HkMunfol
rsm;tMum;ü wif;rmrIrsm;&Sdum aygvkonf4if;udk þMo0g'pm wpfavQmufvHk;ü
ajymonfrSefaomfvnf;
(txl;ojzifh
9-10)
þMo0g'
pma&;om;&jcif;onf
ae&ma'owpfck\ tajctaeaMumifhjzpfp&mtvGef enf;yg;onf/
 NASB ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&}}
NKJV, NRSV
NJB ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&}}
TEV ]]olYvlrsdK;rsm;jzpf&efac:jcifcH&}}
]]oefY&Sif;ol}} [laoma0g[m&rSm c&pfawmftxJü,HkMunfolrsm;\ taetxm;udk
ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; (6;4 \txl;taMumif;t&m üMunfh) olwkdYütjypfuif;onf[krqdkvdkacs/
c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwlvmMujcif;udk ajymjcif;vnf;jzpf&ayrnf/ þa0g[m&udk zdvdyÜd 4;21
uvTJvQif trsm;jypum;jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'fü yifwpkwaygif;wnf;
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf vlrItodkif;t0dkif;wpfck? rdom; pkwpfpk?
udk,fcE©mwpfck\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvmjcif;jzpfonf/
aygvktm;wrefawmf
wpfyg;tjzpfac:aMumif;ti,fwpfüa&;om;azmfjyonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;udk ]]a,½Ic&pfawmfuac:xm;aomolrsm;}} jzpfMuonf[k ti,f 6 ü
azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;ukdvnf; ti,f 7 ü ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}}[kac:onf/ þ
]]zdwfac:jcif;}} übk&m;ocif\tpjyKjcift&ifqHk;jzpfaMumif; or®mw&m;tm; "r®opfusrf;ü
tcdkiftrmazmfjyjcif;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1;6 \txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg)/ tjypfxJ
usqif;cJhNyD; olrnfonfhvlom;urS rdrd[mrdrdbk&m;ociftm;ac:jcif;rjyKcJhbl;acs/ (3;9-13/
a[&Sm ,53;6/ 1ay2;25)/ bk&m;ocifonftpjyKoljzpfavh&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef6;44?65/
15;16)/ olonf y#dnmOfw&m;udk uRefawmfwkdYxH,lvmavh&Sdonf/ (9;4 \
txl;taMumif;t&m
9;4
üMunfhyg)/
uRefawmfwdkY\
u,fwifjcif;üvnf;
xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf rSwf,lay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif; (0g) w&m;Oya't&
uRefawmfwkdY\&yfwnfrI)
wkdYjyiftrIawmfxda&mufpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&efqkaus;Zl;ay;jcif;ESifh
(1aum12;7?11) c&pf,mef toufwmtwGufvnf;jzpfonf/ atmufwGifMunfhyg/
56
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm;
4if;onfa[NAJ kadash ESifh t"dyÜg,fwl*&dpum;vHk;jzpfí wpfpHkwpfa,muf? wpHkwck(0g)?
ae&mwpfcktm;
YHWH
twGufoufoufxm;jcif;qdkonfhtajccHt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
(BDB
871)4if;onf t*Fvdyfpm ]]the sacred}} -oefY&Sif;aponfht&m oabmudkazmfjyonf/ YHWH onf
rdrd\yifudk,f
obm0
(zefqif;cHr[kwfonfhxm0&emrf0dnmOf)ESifh
ol\tusifhp½dkuf
(pHkvifjynfh0aomudk,fusifhw&m;)
rsm;tm;jzifhvlom;rsm;ESifh
oD;oefYjzpfonf/
olonf
tjcm;tm;vHk;wdkYudk wkdif;wm&mESifh w&m;pD&if&mpHjzpf onf/ olonfOmPfrrSDEdkifatmifjzpfaom
oefY&Sif;oljzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf vludkrdwfo[m,jyK&efzefqif;cJhaomfvnf;tjypfxJusqif;jcif; (urÇm3)
onf
oefY&Sif;aombk&m;ESifh
tjypf&Sdaomvlom;tMum;üqufpyfrIESifh
udk,fusifhw&m;onf
twm;tqD;jzpf oGm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf odwwfaomrdrd\zefqif;jcif;udk e*dkrIvtwdkif;jyef
jzpfap&ef a&G;cs,fojzifhrdrd \vlrsdK;tm;oeYf&Sif;jcif;&Sd&efac:zdwfonf/ (0wfjyK11;44/ 19;2/ 20;7?26
qufpyfrIt&bk&m;ocifESifh
21;8)/ ol\vlrsdK;onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh YHWH ESifh
rdrdwdkY\y#dnmOfqdkif&mt& udk,fawmftxJrdrdwkdY\ &yfwnfrI taetxm;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;olrsm;
jzpfvmMuonf rSefaomfvnf;oefY&Sif;aomtoufwm&Sd &efvnf;zdwfac:jcif;cHMuon (róJ5;48) f/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf oefY&Sif;pGmtouf&SifEdkifonf/ taMumif;rSm a,½I\toufwmESifhtvkyf
tm;jzifholwdkYonftjynfhtpHkvufcHjcif;ESifhtjypfvGwfjcif;&&SdMuwm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonfolwdkY\
pdwfESvHk;xJü&SdaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
þtcsufonf
qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef&Sdaomtajctae
udkajyvnf oGm;aponf/ 4if;wdkYrSm
1/
c&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk&&SdaomaMumifh oefY&Sif;Muonf/
2/
0dnmOfawmf&&SdaomaMumifh oefY&Sif;pGmtouf&Sif&efac:zdwfcH&onf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf ]]oefY&Sif;oklrsm;}} (hagioi) jzpf&jcif;rsm (1) oefY&Sif;awmfrlol^crnf;awmf
\tvdkawmf (2) oefY&Sif;aomom;awmf (a,½I)\ tvkyfaMumifhESifh (3) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
usdef0yfrw
I dkYaMumifhjzpfonf/
"r®opfusrf;onf oefY&Sif;olrsm;udktrsm;jypum;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (zdvdyÜd 4;21 ütenf;jy
pum;oHk;aomfvnf;
taMumif;t&muazmfjyaeonfrSmtrsm;udk&nfñTe;f onf)
u,fwifjcif;&
rIrSmrdom;pkwpfck? udk,fcE©mwpfck? taqmuftOD;wpfck\ tpdwftydkif; wpfckjzpfvmjcif;yif jzpfonf/
or®musrf;pm enf;us,HkMunfjcif;onf wpfOD;csif;taejzifhvufcHrIESifh tpjyKaomfvnf; pkaygif;aom
rdwfo[m,jzpf
ay:aponf/
toif;awmfjzpfonfh
c&pfawmf\udk,fcE©mtm;usef;rmap&ef?
BuD;xGm;ap&efESifh
aumif;rGefap&eftwGuf
uRefawmfwkdwpfa,mufcsif;tm;qkaus;Zl;ay;xm;onf/
(1aum12;11) uRefawmfwkdYudk tapcH&efu,fwifonf/ oefY&Sif;jcif;onfrdom;pk\vu©Pmjzpfonf/
]]txHawmfu aus;Zl;awmfESifh Nidrfoufjcif;onfoifwdkYü &Sdygapaom}} ¤if;rSm &Sifaygvk\
tzGifhaumif;csD;ay;jcif; yHkpHjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm *&dvlrsdK;wdkY\ ]EIwfqufjcif;} tpOftvm
a0g[m& (charein) jzpfNyD;? c&pf,mef a0g[m&ppfppfjzpfaom ]aus;Zl;awmf} (charis)
jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þ*&dtzGifhpum;tm; a[NAJwdkY\ tpOftvmEIwfqufpum; Shalom
57
(0g) ]Nidrfoufjcif;} ESifh aygif;pyfjcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ odkYaomf rSef;qjcif;rQom jzpfonf/
"r®ynm oabmt& aus;Zl;awmf aemufü Nidrfoufjcif; vkdufvmavh&SdaMumif; rSwfom;yg/
]]ocifa,½Ic&pfESifh igwdkYtbwnf;[laom bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfu}} aygvkonf
emrnfESpfcktwGuf 0dbwfwpfckomvQif yHkrSefoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (1 aum 1;3? 2 aum 1;3?
*vmwd 1;3? {zuf 1;2? zdvdyÜd 1;1? 2 ouf 1;2? 1 wd1;2? 2wd 1;2? wdwk 1;4)/ ¤if;rSm
oHk;yg;wpfqlrS xdkESpfyg;wdkYtm; o'´genf;usqufpyfjcif;enf; jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf a,½IrSm
bk&m;jzpfaMumif;ESifh crnf;awmfESifh wef;wlnDaMumif; txl;jyKvdrfhrnf jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ bk&m;ocif\ crnf;awmft&m
1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
u/ zefqif;rItm;jzifh bk&m;ocifrSm crnf;awmfyif jzpfonf/
1/ urÇmOD; 1;26-27
2/ rmv 2;10
3/ wref 17;28
c/ crnf;awmf a0g[m&udk toGiftrsKdk;rsdK;ü t"dyÜg,fwltjzpf oHk;onf/
1/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;\ zcif (a&G;aumufjcif;tm;jzifh)
u/ ]om;} - xGuf? 4;22? w 14;1? 39;5? a[&Sm 1;2? 63;16/ 64;8/ a,
3;19? 31;20? a[m 1;10? 11;1/ rmv 1;6
c/ ‘]om;OD;} – xGuf? 4;22/ a,? 31;9/
2/ tpöa&;bk&if\ crnf;awmf (ar&Sd,ESifhqdkifonf)
u/ 2 "r® 7;11-16
c/ qm 2;7/ w&m; 13;33/ a[NAJ 1;5? 5;5
*/ a[m 11;1? r 2;15
3/ cspfaom rdbESifhqdkifí qifwlpum;rsm;
u/ zcif (wifpm;jcif; - )
(1) olYom;udk ausmydk;onf – w&m; 1;31
(2) pnf;urf;Muyfrwfonf – w&m; 8;5/ ok 3;12
(3) axmufyHhonf (xGufajrmuf&m) – w&m; 32;1
(4) pGefYcGgrnfr[kwf - qm 27;10
(5) cspfonf - qm 103;13
(6) rdwfaqG^vrf;jy - a, 3;4
(7) a&m*gaysmufapol^tjypfvTwfol - a, 3;22
(8) *½kPmjyKol - a,? 31;20
(9) avhusifhay;ol - a[m 11;1-4
(10)
txl;om; - rmv 3;17
c/ rdcif wifpm;jcif; (metaphor)
58
(1) pGefYcGgrnfr[kwf - qm 27;10
(2) om;xdef;rdcifuJhodkY cspf - a[&Sm 49;15/ 66;9-13 ESifh a[m 11;4
(xrf;ydk;oabmjzifh tMuHay;rIudk ]om;uav;} oabmjzifh ajymif;vJonf)
2/ "r®opfusrf;
u/ oHk;yg;wpfql (oHk;yg;pvHk; azmfjyaom usrf;ydk'frsm;)
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
(u) r 3;16-17/ 28;19
(c) a,m 14;26
2/ aygvk
(u) a&mr 1;4-5/ 5;1? 5/ 8;1-4? 8-10
(c) 1 aum 2;8-10/ 12;4-6
(*) 2 aum 1;21/ 13;14
(C) *v 4;4-6
(i) { 1;3-14? 17/ 2;18/ 3;14-17/ 4;4
(p) 1 ouf 1;2-5
(q) 2 ouf 2;13
(Z) wd? 3;4-6
3/ ayw½k - 1 ay 1;2
4/ ,k' - i,f 20-21
c/ a,½I
1/ a,½Itm; ]wpfyg;wnf;aomol tjzpf} - a,m 1;18/ 3;16? 18/ 1 a,m 4;9
2/ a,½Itm; ]bk&m;ocif\ om;awmftjzpf} - róJ 4;3/ 14;33/ 16;16/ vkum
1;32? 35/ a,m 1;34? 49/ 6;69/ 11;27
3/ a,½Itm; cspfawmfrlaom om;awmftjzpf - r? 3;17/ 17;5
4/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ociftm; (abba-tAÁ) [k ac:onf/ rm 14;36
5/ a,½Ionf olESifh uRefawmfwdkYESpfrsdK;pvHk;\ bk&m;ocifESifh awmfpyfrIudk
azmfjy&mü emrfpm;rsm; oHk;onf/
(u) ]ig\ tb} Oyrm a,m 5;18/ 10;30? 33/ 19;7/ 20;17
(c) ]oifwdkY\ tb} Oyrm r? 17;24-27
(*)/ ]igwdkY\ tb} Oyrm r? 6;9? 14? 26
*/ bk&m;ocifESifh vlom;rsdK;EG,f\ &if;ESD;aomawmfpyfrItm; &Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef
rdom;pkqkdif&m wifpm;rIrsm;pGmteuf wpfckrSm
1/ bk&m;ociftm; tbtjzpf
2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;
u/ bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;tjzpf
c/ uav;rsm; (children) tjzpf
59
*/ bk&m;ocif jzpfzGm;apaom olrsm;tjzpf
C/ topfarG;zGm;olrsm;tjzpf
i/ arG;pm;om;tjzpf
p/ arG;xkwfonf
q/ bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktjzpf
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ 1;8-15
8
oifwdkY\
,HkMunfjcif;onf
wpfurÇmvHk;ü
[dk;av;wausmf
jzpfaeojzifh
oifwdkYtm;vHk;aMumifh a,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh ig\ bk&m;ociftm; yxrOD;pGm aus;Zl;wifyg\/
9
igqkawmif;onfhtcg oifwdkYtm;vHk;taMumif; tb,frQavmuf rjywfrvyf azmfjyaMumif;
rdrdom;awmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; a[m&mü ig\ pdwf0dnmOftm;jzifh tapcH&m
bk&m;ocifonf ig\ oufaojzpf\/ 10,ckaemufqHk;ü bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmftm;jzifh
oifwdkYxHodkY
igvma&mufEkdifaumif;
vma&muf
Edkifrnfvm;[k
qkawmif;ygonf/
11
oifwdkYcdkifcHhEkdif&ef? 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;tcsdKUtm; a0rQEdkif&ef oifwdkYudk igawGUvdkygonf/ 12¤if;rSm
oifwdkYü&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh igü&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf wpfa,muf\
,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh? tjcm;wpfa,muf\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk tm;ay;um? oifwdkYESifhtwl aepOf
igonf cGeftm;&EdkifrnftaMumif; jzpf\/ 13tjcm;aom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ürSmenf;wl
oifwdkYüvnf; toD;tcsdKU&Edkif&ef tvdkYiSg? oifwdkYqDvm&ef igrMumcP pDpOfaMumif; (,aeYxd
[efYwm;jcif;cH&onf) nDtpfudkwdkYrodbJ aejcif;iSg igrvdkr&dSdacs/ 14igonf *&dvlrsdK;rSm enf;wl
r,Ofaus;ao;olrsm;? ynm&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmrJhol ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ay: wm0ef&Sd ygonf/ 15odkYjzpf&um;
ightaejzifhrl a&mrNrdKUü&Sdaom oifwdkYqDüvnf; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&ef qE´jyif;jyygonf/
1;8 ]yxrOD;pGm} þpmydk'fü ]yxrOD;pGm} qdkonfrSm ]tpyxrü} (0g) ]igtpjyK&OD;rnf} [k
t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (J.B.Phillips)
]]a,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh^rSwpfqifh ig\ bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifyg\/ aygvkonf
bk&m; ocifxH qkawmif;onfhtcg yHkrSeftm;jzifh a,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh ajymavh&Sdonf/
a,½IonfomvQif bk&m;ocifxH csOf;uyf&ef uRefawmfwdkY\ wpfckwnf;aom vrf;jzpfonf/
7;25 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü aygvk\ csD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; qkawmif;rIrsm;
Munfhyg/
]]oifwdkYtm;vHk;taMumif;aMumifh}} tcef;i,f 7 rSmenf;wl ]tm;vHk;} [laompum;onf
ae;½dk; bk&if\ trdefYaMumifh xGufajy;oGm;cJh&onfh *sL;vlrsdK;,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ ae&mudk
60
tpm;xdk;onfh wyg;trsdK;om;,HkMunfolrsm;tMum; remvdkrIESifh wdkufcdkufrItm; xif[yfjcif;
jzpfEdkifonf/ a&mr 9-11 üvnf; þtaMumif;udkyif ajymonf/
a&mr 14;1-15;13 ü yg&Sdonfh ]tm;enf;ol} ESifh ]tm;MuD;ol} rsm;taMumif;udk
ajymjcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmf&Sd tm;vHk;udk cspfNyD;? olwdkYudk
nDwlnDrQ cspfawmfrlonf/
]]oifwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;t&monf wurÇmvHk;ü [dk;av;wausmf jzpfaeojzifh}}
a&mr 16;19 onf þt&mudkyif nTef;qdkonf/ ¤if;onf a&mravmu^tifyg,mudkyif
nTef;qdkonfh ta&SUwdkif;yHkpHcsJUum;ajymqdkrIjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf (1 ouf? 1;8)/
1;9 ]]bk&m;ocifonf ig\ oufaojzpfawmfrl\}} aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk
wkdifwnfum usdefqdkjcif; jzpfonf/ (9;1? 2aum 1;23? 11;10-11? 31/ 12;19/ *vwd 1;20/
1ouf 2;5)/ ¤if;rSm ol\ opöm&SdrIudk *sL;yHkpHjzifh tcdkfiftrmajymqdkjcif; jzpfonf/

NASB
]]tb,frQavmufrjywfrvyf}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]rjywfrvyf}}
NJB
]]tqufrjywfazmfjyum}}
NIV
]]rnfrQ wpdkufrwfrwfjzifh}}
aygvk\ wpdkufrwfrwfESifh tvsifvdkaom qkawmif;rIrsm;onf (1ouf 1;2? 2;13/ 2wd
1;3) toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm; ZJGaumif;pGm vdkuf&rnfh yHkoufaowpfck jzpf&ygrnf (1ouf
5;17)/ qkawmif;jcif;onf wefcdk;BuD;aom 0dnmOfwHcg;rsm; zGifhonf/ uRefawmfwdkY
rawmif;aomaMumifh r&jcif;jzpfonf (,mukyf 4;2)/
]]pdwf0dnmOfESifhtm;jzifh}} ¤if;onf *&dpum; (pneuma) tm;vlY0dnmOftjzpf toHk;jyKjcif;\
Oyrmaumif; wpfckjzpfonf/ (8;5? 10? 16/ 12;11)/ ¤if;rSm vl\toufudk (xGufouf a[NAJ
ruach, BDB 924 u 6;17/ 7;15?22) ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
61
txl;taMumif;t&m/ "r®opfusrf;xJu 0dnmOf (PNEUMA) pum;vHk;
*&da0g[m& ]0dnmOf} udk "r®opfusrf;ü t"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; twGufoHk;onf/
trsdK;tpm;tcsdKUtwGuf Oyrmrsm; þwGif azmfjyonf/
u/ oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;ESifh qkdifí
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkifí (a,m 4;24)
2/ om;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkifí (a&m 8;9-10/ 2 aum 3;17/ *v 4;6/ 1 ay? 1;11)
3/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifí (rm? 1;11/ r 3;16/ 10;20/ a,m 3;5?6?8/
7;39/ 14;17/ w 2;4/ 5;9/ 8;29? 35/ a&mr 1;4/ 8;11?16/ 1 aum
2;4?10?11? 13?14/ 12;7)
c/ vlYtouf\ cGeftm;
1/ a,½IESifhqdkifí (rm 8;12/ a,m 11;33? 38/ 13;21)
2/ vlom;ESifhqdkifí (r? 22;43/ w? 7;59/ 17;16/ 20;22/ a&m 1;9/ 8;16/ 1
aum 2;11/ 5;3-5/ 7;34/ 15;45/ 16;18/ 2 aum 2;13/ 7;13/ zd 4;23/
aum 2;5)/
*/ 0dnmOfavmuESifhqdkifí
1/ 0dnmOfowÅ0grsm;
(u) aumif;aom (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? w 23;8-9/ a[NAJ 1;14)
(c) qdk;aom (0dnmOfqdk;rsm;êwfqdk;rsm;? r 8;16/ 10;1/ 12;43? 45/ w?
5;16/ 8;7/ 16;16/ 19;12-21/ { 6;12)/
(*) wapärsm; (vkum 24;37)
2/ 0dnmOfa&;&m todtjrif (r 5;3/ 26;41/ a,m 3;6/ 4;23/ w 18;25/ a&m
2;29/ 7;6/ 8;4?10/ 12;11/ 1 aum 14;37/
3/ 0dnmOft&mrsm; (a,m 6;63/ a&m 2;29/ 8;2?5?9?15/ 15;27/ 1 aum 9;11/
14;12)
4/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm; (1 aum 12;1/ 14;1)
5/ 0dnmOfrIwfoGif;jcif; (r? 22;43/ vk 2;27/ { 1;17)
6/ 0dnmOfcE¨m (1 aum? 15;44-45)
C/ xif&Sm;apaomt&mrsm;rSm
1/ avmupdwfaeoabmxm; (a&m 8;15/ 11;8/ 1 aum 2;12)
2/ vlom;\ pOf;pm;jcif;tvkyf (w? 6;10/ a&m 8;6/ 1 aum 4;2)
i/ ½kyfavmuü
1/ av (r 7;25?27/ a,m 3;8/ w 2;2)
2/ xGufouf (w 17;25/ 2 ouf 2;8)
þa0g[m&udk ¤if;\ ay:vm&mpmydk'f&Sd taMumif;t&mtm;jzifh teufjyef&rnfrSm
aocsmonf/ nTef;qdkEdkifaom t"dyÜg,f t&dyft>ruftcsdKU&Sdonf/ (1) ½kyfavmu (2)
rjzpfEkdifaom avmu (3) ½kyfurÇm (0g) 0dnmOfavmu\ yk*¾dKvfrsm;/
62
oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oefY&Sif;í tBuD;jrifhqHk; vkyfaqmifol? oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\
0dnmOftydkif; jzpfonf/ aumif;aom? oefY&Sif;aom? rSefí ppfrSefaom t&mtm;vHk;onf
olESifhqdkifonf/ ol\ &Sdaejcif;? ol\ qkvufaqmifESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;onf
{0Ha*vdw&m; jyefYyGm;rIESifh bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf atmifjrifa&;twGuf tjrwfqHk;aom
t&mjzpfonf/ (a,m 14 ESifh 16)/ olonf rdrdxHtm½HkrqGJaqmifbJ? c&pfawmfxHodkYom
tm½HkqGJaqmifaponf/
(a,m
16;13-14)/
olonf
tjypfudk
azmfjyonf/
oabmaygufem;vnfaponf/
ydk;yef;onfâoG;aqmifonf/
AwÅdZHay;onf/
,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkYudk &ifhusufaponf (a,m 16;8-11)
1;10 ]tpOfrjywfqkawmif;yXemjyKonf/} aygvkonf þtoif;awmftm; wnfaxmifjcif;
r[kwfaomfvnf;
,laqmifaom
toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;enf;wl
wpdkufrwfrwf
qkawmif;ay;onf (2 aum? 11;28)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ 9;3 ü
Munfhyg/ odkYaomf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmfü aygvk\ rdwfaqGtrsm;tjym;&SdaMumif; tcef;BuD; 16 ü
&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/
]]tcGifhwpHkwck&SdEdkifOD;rvm;[k qdkum (&SdygrnftaMumif;)}}/ xdkodkY trSefjzpfvmrnf[k
pma&;olrSwf,lxm;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf pmygtwdkif;vnf; jzpfEkdifaom cRif;csufyg
0gusrsdK; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf pydefjynfoGm;&if; a&mrNrdKUodkY c&D;oGm;[efvTJvnfywf&ef
pDpOfonf/ (15;22-24)/ MumMumae&ef pDpOfyHkr&acs/ aygvkonf tjcm;olrsm; rvkyfrudkifcJh&m
e,fajra'oopfrsm;ü vkyfaqmifvdkavh&Sdonf/ (15;20/ 2 aum? 10;15?16)/ a&mrMo0g'pm
a&;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm pydefjynfomoemjyKc&D;twGuf &HyHkaiGawmif;&efvnf;
jzpfEkdifonf (15;24)/
]]bk&m;ocif
tvdkawmftm;jzifh
tqifoifhí
oifwdkY&Sd&modkY
igvm&aom
tcGifhwpHkw&m&SdygrnftaMumif;/}} ¤if;onf ti,f 13 ESifh 15;32 wdkYESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf
rdrdb0ESifhc&D;pOf pDrHcsufrsm;udk olydkifqdkifonfr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifuom ydkifonf[k cH,lonf
(w? 18;21/ 1 aum 4;19/ 16;7)/ 12;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ,HkMunfol\ qkawmif;rIrsm;u tusdK; oufa&mufapEkdif
aMumif;vnf; rSwfom;yg/
1;11 ]]oifwdkYudk tvGefawGUjrifcsifyg\/}} ¤if;onf 15;23 ESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU&Sd
,HkMunfolrsm;udk umvMumjrifhpGmuyif awGUjrifvdkonf/ (w? 19;21)/
]]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpHkwckudk tyfay;jcif;iSg}}
63
]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;}
qdkonfh pum;pktm; 0dnmOa&;&m todtjrif (0g) 0dnmOfa&;
aumif;csD;[laom tjrifjzifh toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ (11;29/ 15;27)/ aygvkonf rdrdtm;
wyg;trsdK;om; (tpöa&;r[kwfaom tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;) twGuf wrefawmftjzpf xl;jcm;pGm
ac:zdwfcH&oltjzpf rddrdudk,frdrd odjrifonf (i,f? 15)/
]]oifwdkYonf jrJjrHcdkifcHhrnftaMumif;}} ¤if;onf histēmi \ Aorist Passive Infinitive
ac: tjyKcHBud,m wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,foHk;rsdK;&dSEdkifonf/
1/ NrJjrH - a&m? 1;11/ 16;25/ 1 ouf 3;13/ 2 ay 1;12
2/ cGeftm;ay; - vk? 22;32/ 1 ouf 3;2/ 2 ouf? 2;17/ 3;3/ ,mukyf 5;8/ Asm 3;2/
3/ cdkifrmaom qHk;jzwfcsuftwGuf ta&SUtv,fydkif; bmompum;? vkum 9;51/
5;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
1;12
¤if;rSm
c&pf,mefrdwfó[m,\
&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/
qkaus;Zl;rsm;onf
tvkyfvkyfaom todkif;t0dkif; wpfcktjzpf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; aygif;pnf;&ef jzpfonf/
c&pf,mefwdkYudk qkaus;Zl;rsm; ay;onfrSm tm;vHk;\ aumif;usdK;twGuf jzpfonf (1 aum
12;7)/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;vHk; qDavsmfoifhawmf Muonfcsnf;jzpf\/ qkaus;Zl;tm;vHk;udk
u,fwifjcif;&csdefü oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfu ay;onf (1 aum 12;11)/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;
ac:zdwfcHolrsm;? qkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;ESifh tcsdefjynfh trIaqmifrsm;jzpfonf ({? 4;11-12)/ rdrdü
wrefawmftjzpf tcGifhtmPm&SdaMumif; rdrdod&Sdxm;rIudk aygvk&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyaomfvnf;
todkif;t0dkif;twGif; tjyeftvSefoabmjzpfjcif;udkvnf; azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf
tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf vdktyfMuonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\
udk,fcE¨mcsif;rsm; jzpfMuonf/
1;13 ]]oifwkdYrodbJ aejcif;iSg? igtvkdr&Sd/}} ¤if;onfta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm; rajymrD
aygvk okH;aeuspum;jzpfonf (11;25/ 1 aum? 10;1/ 12;1/ 2 aum? 1;8/ 1 ouf? 4;13)
]],ckwkdifatmif[efYwm;jcif;cH&onf/}} ¤if;rSm tjyKcHBud,mwpfrsdK; jzpfonf/ þpum;pkrsdK;udk
1 ouf? 2;18 üvnf; awGY&NyD;? [efYwm;olrSm pmwefjzpfonf/ rdrd\ toufwmudk bk&m;ocif
vrf;jyNyD;? pmwefu zsufqD;onf[k aygvk ,kHMunfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvkH;rSefoifhoavmuf
rSefygonf/ (a,mb? 1-2/ 'H? 10)/ 15;22 ü þa0g[m&tokH;jyK&mü wm;qD;rIrSm
ajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufa'o twGif;rNyD;jywfao;aom (ydwfqkdYcH&onf) aygvk\ omoemjyK
vkyfief;ukd qkdvkdonf/
]]oifwkdYwGifvnf; tusdK;wpkHwpfck&jcif;iSg}} þae&m&Sd ]]tusdK;}} qkdonfrSm "fruit"-toD;
jzpfNyD; ,kHMunfajymif;vJol topfrsm;ukd qkdvkdjcif; jzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? a,m? 15;1-8 ESifh *vm
5;22 wkdYürl c&pf,mef&ifhusufrIudk nTef;qkdonf/ róJ 7 ü ]]olwkdY\ toD;tm;jzihf olwdkYudk
od&vdrfhrnf}} [k qdkaomfvnf; rnfodkYaom toD;jzpfaMumif; razmfjyacs/ (jrefrmusrf;pmürl
64
]]tusifh}} [k yg&Sdonf) ¤if;ESifhtaumif;qkH;usrf;NydKifwpfckrSm zd? 1;22 jzpfNyD; aygvku
þuJhokdYaom pkdufysdK;a&;qkdif&m wifpm;rIpum;vkH; okH;ygonf/
1;14 ]]ta<u;onf igüwifvsuf&Sd\}} þa0g[m&ukd a&mrMo0g'pmxJü aygvktawmfrsm;rsm;
okH;onf/
1/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;vkH;ü (þae&mwGif) {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&ef aygvkü
wm0eff&Sdonf/
2/ aoG;om; Zmwdtay: aygvkü wm0efr&Sd^ta<u;rwif (8;12)
3/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfonf a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd rdciftoif;awmftm; yHhykd;&ef wm0ef&Sd
(15;27)
]]wyg;trsdK;om; - (*sL;r[kwfolrsm;)}} zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufaom? ,Ofaus;rI xGef;um;onfh
ajrxJyifv,f
w0kdufa'ovlrsm;ukd
nTef;onf/
r[mtvufZÈ´m;
bk&ifBuD;ESifh
olYaemufvkdufrsm;onf xkdpOfu od&onfh urÇmtm; *&d,Ofaus;rI oGwfoGif;cJhMuonf/
(Helenized) a&mrvlrsdK;wkdY odrf;ykdufNyD;aemuf *&d,Ofaus;rIukd cH,lMuonf/
]]r,Ofaus;aomolrsm;}}
þa0g[m&
(Barbarians-onomatopoeia)
onf
ynmrwwfaom? r,Ofaus;aom vlrsdK;tkyfpkrsm;? txl;ojzifh ajrmufykdif;a'o vlrsdK;rsm;ukd
qkdvdkonf/ olwkdYpum;ajymoHonf *&dvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh a&mrvlrsdK;rsm;twGuf ]]bm;? bm;? bm;}} ESifh
wlonf/
]]ynm&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmrJhol}} rl&if; *&dü ¤if;onf
qifwljzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? xkdokdYr[kwfacs/ þtkyfpktm;vkH;ESifh
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
"barbarian" ESihf
vlwpfOD;csif;tm;vkH;tm;
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;16-17
16
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf
,kHMunfaomolwkdif;
yxrOD;pGm
*sL;rsm;ESifh
wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfjzpfojzifh igonf
¤if;aMumifh &SufaMumufjcif; r&Sdacs/ 17 tb,faMumifhqdkaom ]]ajzmifhrwfaom olonf
,kHMunfjcif;jzifh
touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}}
[k
usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnd
bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onf ¤if;w&m;ü ,kHMunfjcif;rS ,kHMunfjcif;twGuf zGifhjyvsuf&Sdonf/
1;16-17/ ti,f 16-17onf þMo0g'pmwpftkyfvkH;&JU OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ þOD;wnfcsufukd
3;21-31 ü tus,fcsJYum tusOf;csKyfonf/
65
1;16
NASB, NRSV ]]igonf {0Ha*vdww&m;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}
NKJV
]]igonf c&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}
TEV
]]igonf {0Ha*vdw&m;ü ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI tjynfht0&Sdonf/}}
NJB
]]igonf owif;aumif;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}
aygvkonf rm? 8;38 ESifh vk? 9;26 wdkYyg a,½Iajympum;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf
Ekdifonf/ olonf {0Ha*vdw&m;üygaom t&mrsm; (0g) ¤if;aMumifh jzpfvmaom
n§Of;qJESdyfpufrIrsm;aMumifh r&Sufacs/ (2wd? 1;12?16?18)/
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf qif;&J'ku©cH? ar&Sd,udk twnfjyKojzihf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf
¤if;w&m;tm; &SufaMumufMuum? *&dvlrsdK;rsm;url {0Ha*vdw&m;onf cE¨mudk,fjyef&Sif
xajrmufjcif;tm; twnfjyKojzifh xdkw&m;tm; &SufaMumufMuonf (1 aum? 1;23)/
]]u,fwifjcif;w&m;}} "r®a[mif;usrf;ü a[NAJa0g[m& (yasho) onf rlvtm;jzifh
½kyfydkif;qdkif&m u,fvGwfrIudk &nfnTef; (,mukyf? 5;15) aomfvnf; "r®opfusrf;ürl *&da0g[m&
(sŌzŌ) onf rlvtm;jzifh 0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m u,fvTwfrIudk nTef;qdkonf (1 aum? 1;18? 21)/
Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonymns of the Old Testament- "r®a[mif;usr;f \
t"dyÜg,fwl a0g[m&rsm;? pm? 124-126 Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif; ("r®a[mif;a0g[m&)
þa0g[m& (BDB, 447) ü t"dyÜg,fyGm;trsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ om,majzmifhjzL;jcif;? atmifjrifBuD;yGm;jcif; - a,mb? 30;15
2/ cE¨mESifh0dnmOf oabmESpfrsdK;pvHk;ygaom bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;
u/ u? 49;18
c/ w&m;? 32;15
*/ qm? 3;2?8/ 22;1/ 35;3/ 62;2/ 69;29/ 70;5/ 78;22/ 80;3/ 89;26/ 91;16/
106;4/ 140;7/ a[&Sm 12;2/ 33;2/ 51;6?8/ 52;7?10/ 56;1/ 59;11/ 60;18/ 62;1
3/ cE¨mESifh 0dnmOfqdkif&m u,fvGwfjcif;udk a,me 2;9-10 wGif &Sif;vif;pGm wifjyonf/
4/ ]0rf;ajrmufjcif;} onf YHWH \ u,fwifjcif;ESifh qufpyfavh&So
d nf/ 1 "r®? 2;1/ a[&Sm?
25;9/ 26;1/ qm? 9;14/ 13;5/ 35;9/ rdrdzefqif;aom vlowÅ0grsm;ESifh rdrd\
rdwfó[m,jzpfjcif;ESifh
vlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m
YHWH
rlv&nf&G,fcsuf
jzpfajrmufapa&;twGuf u,fwifjcif;w&m; yg0if&onf/ ¤if;ü vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh
vlYtzJGUtpnf;\ jynfhpHkjcif; yg0ifonf/
66
NASB ]],HkMunfolwdkif;ü}}
NKJV ]],HkMunfolwdkif;twGuf}}
NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif; (faith) &Sdolwdkif;ü}}
TEV
]],HkMunfoltm;vHk;}}
NJB ]],HkMunfjcif; (faith) &Sdoltm;vHk;}}
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ (vlwdkif;? b,folrqdk? tm;vHk;...
ponfh pum;vHk;rsm; cspfp&maumif;vdkufygbdjcif;/ 1;5 \ rSwfcsufü eHygwf 6 udk Munfhyg)/
odkYaomf vufcHjcif;&&Sd&ef vdktyfcsuf wpfckrSm ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (w? 16;30-31)/
tjcm;vdktyfcsuf wpfckrSm tjypfudk aemifw&jcif; jzpfonf (rm? 1;15? w?3;15 ESifh 19/
20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm; y#dnmOfw&m;jzifh qufqHonf/ (9;4 \
txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/ olonf pwiftpysdK;um? tpDtpOfcsrSwfonf/ (a,m 6;44?
65)/ odkYaomf twkYHtvSnfh jyKrItajccHtcsdKU&Sdonf/ (1;5 qdkif&m rSwfcsuf? eHygwf 4 ü Munfhyg)/
þae&mü bmomjyefonfh *&dpum; ,HkMunf (believe) udk t*Fvdyfpum; - faith or
trust
(tm;udk;onf?
tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKonf)
[kvnf;
bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/
qufvufjzpfay:aejcif; oabmjyaom t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ u,fwifaom ,HkMunfjcif;onf
qufvufjzpfay:aeaom ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1 aum? 1;18/ 15;2; 2aum 2;15/ 1 ouf
4;14) (10;4 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/
rl&if;a[NAJESifhqufpyfaom þa0g[m&\ *&da0g[m& faith \ t"dyÜg,frSm
vlwpfa,mufonf tvG,fwul ra&GUEkdif&ef ajcaxmufcGJvsuf? cdkifrmpGm &yfaeaom
taetxm;udk qdkvdkonf/ ¤if;\ qefYusifbuf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ wifpm;rIrSm
]ighajcaxmuftpHkonf awmxJ uRHaeonf} (qm? 40;2)/ ]igum;? ajcacsmfvkvsuf?
ajcvSrf;vGJvkeD;yg;&SdNyD} (qm? 73;2) [lí jzpf\/ qufpyfonfh a[NAJpum;vHk; emun,
emunah, aman wdkYudk ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufaom? opöm&Sdaomol wpfa,mufa,mufESifh
qdkifí oHk;aom wifpm;onfh pum;vHk;rsm; jzpfvmonf/ u,fwifjcif;,HkMunfrIrSm
tjypfxJusqif;aom vlom;onf opöm&SdEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf[laom t"dyÜg,fr&SdbJ bk&m;ocif\
opöm&SdrIudk qdkvdkfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf olwdkY\ wwfpGrf;EkdifrIay: rwnfrSDbJ
bk&m;ocif\ tusifhpm&dwÅESifh uwdpum;awGudkom trSDjyKonf/ ¤if;rSm ol\
tm;udk;tm;xm;xdkufrI? opöm&SdrI? ol\ uwdawmfrsm;jzpfonf/ (1;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&m
Munfhyg/
]]yxrOD;pGm *sL;rsm;ESifh}} ¤if;\ taMumif;&if;udk 2;9-10 ESifh 3;1-20 ü
tusOf;csKH;aqG;aEG;um tcef;BuD; 9-11 ü tjynfhtpHkwdk;csJU aqG;aEG;onf/ ¤if;onf r? 10;6/
15;24/ rm? 7;27/ a,m? 4;22 wdkYyg a,½I\ azmfjyajymqdkrIudk vdkufonf/
67
¤if;onf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol
trsdK;om;rsm; tMum; remvdkrIESifhvnf; qufpyfEdkifonf/
*sL;rsm;ESifh
,HkMunfol
wyg;
1;7 ]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}} þusrf;ydk'ft& þpum;pkonf (1) bk&m;ocif\
tusifhp½dkufESihf (2) xdkp½dkufudk vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm;rnfodkY ay;aMumif; &nfnTef;onf/ bmomjyef
a,½k&Svifusrf;pm (JB) ü þodkY awGU&onf/ ]]¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ w&m;rQwrIu zGihfjyaom
t&mjzpfonf/}} ¤if;onf ,HkMunfol\ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m touf&Sifjcif; yHkpHudk
&nfnTef;&if;? rlvtm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfaomw&m;olBuD;jzpfawmfrlol\ a&SUawmfarSmufü
w&m;Oya't& ol\ &yfwnfrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;tm;
usqif;aom? tjypfjyKaomvlom;twGuf rSwf,lay;jcif;onf jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif;acwf
(Reformation) rSpí ]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkY a&mufjcif;}}
tjzpf xif&Sm;vmcJhonf (2 aum? 5;21/ zd? 3;9)/ þusrf;ydk'fonf rmwifvlom\ b0ESifh
"r®ynmudk ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/
rnfodkYjzpfap ajzmifhrwf&mü wnffapjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm oefY&SIif;pifMu,fjcif;?
c&pfawmfESihfwljcif; (0g) bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif; vu©PmtrSwftom;jzpfonf/ (a&m
8;28-29/ *v? 4;19/ {? 1;4/ 2;10/ 4;13/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/ 1 ay?1;15)/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf w&m;Oya't& ausnmcsuf xkwfjyef½kHoufoufr[kwfbJ? oefY&Sif;pGm
touf&Sif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;? vlom;xJü&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; tjyKoabmjzifh
jyefvnfazmfxkwfjcif; jzpfonf (2 aum? 5;21)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} [lonftjywftqkH;tjzwfay;aom taMumif;t&mjzpfNyD; or®musrf;pm
avhvmolwpfOD;taejzifh xkdt,ltqukd us,fjyefYpGm avhvm&efjzpfonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü bk&m;ocif\ trSwfvu©Pmukd ]]w&m;ol}} (0g) ]]ajzmifhrwfol}} tjzpf
a&;om;azmfjyonf/ (BDB 841) arqkdykdawrD;,m; (,ckacwf tD&wf) \ rl&if;a0g[m&rSm
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;ü tkwfwHwkdif;rsm;ESifh NcHpnf;½kd;rsm;ajzmifhwef;jcif;&Sd r&SdqkH;jzwf&ef
okH;aom jrpfvufwuf wpfck\ trnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ rlvoabmom0tm;
wifpm;jyo&eftwGuf xkdpum;vkH;okH;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ olonft&mcyfodrf;tm; wefzkd;jzwf&ef
tokH;jyKonfh (aywH) jzpfonf/ þt,ltqü bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifykdifcGifh
tmPmukdomru bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;;ukdyg tckdiftrm azmfjyonf/
vlukd bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;onf/ (u? 1;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6)/
vlom;ukd bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfjzpfaygif;azmf&ef zefqif;onf/ zefqif;orQ t&mtm;vkH;onf
vlom;\ tjyeftvef qufqHjcif;twGuf pifjrifh (okdY) aemufcHum;csyfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;rI\ txGwftxdyfjzpfol vlom;tm; rdrdukd oduRrf;apvkdonf/
cspfapvkdonf/
68
tapcHapvkdonf/ rdrdESifhwlapvkdygonf/ vl\ opöm&SdrIonf prf;oyfrIcHum (u? 3)
rlvZeD;armifESHwkdYonf prf;oyfrItm; ½IH;edrfhcJhMuonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;tMum;
qufpyfrI ysufpD;oGm;aponf/ (u? 3/ a&m? 5;12-21)/
xkdrdwfaqGjzpfrIukd jyifqifum e*kdaejyefjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocifuwdjyKonf/ (u? 3;15)/
olonf ¤if;ukd rdrdESifh rdrdom;awmf\ qE´twkdif; jyKonf/ xkduGJtufrIukd jyefaumif;vmap&ef
vlom;rwwfEkdifcJhacs/ (a&mr 1;18-3;20)/
tjypfvkyfum us½HI;NyD;aemuf? e*dkaejyefjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocif\ yxrajcvSrf;rSm
y#dnmOfw&m;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf vlom;tm; tjypfudk aemifw&&ef? opöm&Sd&ef? emcHrIjzihf wHkYjyef&ef
ac:zdwfrIay: tajcjyKonf/ tjypfjyKrIaMumifh vlom;onf oifhavsmfvHkavmufatmif
rjyKrlEdkifacs/ (a&m? 3;20-31/ *v? 3)/ y#dnmOftm;csdK;azgufol vlom;rsm;
e*dkaejyefjzpfap&efqdkvQif bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkif tpjyKajcvSrf; pwif&ef jzpfonf/ olonf
þt&mudk vkyfyHkrSm 1/ c&pfawmfjyKaom tvkyftm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udk vlom;xH aMumfjimjcif;
(w&m;Oya'ESifh qdkifaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;)
2/
c&pfawmfjyKaom
tcrJhay;jcif;
tvkyftm;jzifh&aom
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;tm;
vlom;udk
3/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
w&m;tm;
vufawGUjzpfapol
0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfrItm;
axmufyHhay;urf;jcif; (c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;? bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm;
jyefvnf&,ljcif;)
odkYaomf bk&m;ocifonf y#dnmOfw&m;t& wHkYjyefrI awmif;qdkonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
½Hk;awmftrdefYcsrSwfum (tcrJh) axmufyHhonf rSefaomfvnf; vlom;onf wHkYjyefrIjyKum?
atmufygtwdkif; qufvufwHkYjyefoGm; &ayrnf/
1/ tjypfaemifw&jcif;
2/ ,HkMunfjcif;
3/ emcHaomtouf&Sifjcif; yHkpH&Sdjcif;
4/ pGJjrJjcif;
xdkYaMumifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf y#dnmOfESifhqdkifaom bk&m;ocifESifh ol\tjrifhqHk;
zefqif;&m vlom;tMum; twkHUtvSnfh jyKrljcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tusifhp½dkuf? c&pfawmf
jyKaomtvkyfESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ wwfpGrf;aprIwdkYay: tajcjyKum vlwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf
qufvufí oifhavsmfvHkavmufpGm wkHYjyefMu&ayrnf/ þt,ltqudk ],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
ajzmifhrwfjcif;}
[kac:onf/
þoabmudk
c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü
zGifhjyaomfvnf;?
69
þa0g[m&rsm;tm;jzifh rawGU&acs/ ¤if;udk rlvtm;jzifh aygvku t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfum?
*&da0g[m& ]ajzmifhrwfjcif;} tm; yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh tBudrfaygif; 100 ausmf oHk;onf/
aygvkonf avhusifhxm;onfh *sL;&Adq&mBuD;wpfyg;yDyD *&da0g[m & dikaiosunē udk
¤if;\ a[NAJvdk SDQ yHkpHjzifh toHk;jyKonf/ ¤if;onf *&dbmomjyef"r®a[mif;usrf;
(Septuagint- LXX) ü toHk;jyKyHkjzpfNyD;? *&dpmayyHkpH r[kwfacs/ *&dpmaya&;om;rIü
xdka0g[m&tm; bk&m;ESifhvlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m arQmfvifhjcif;rsm;ESifh udkufnDaomolESifh
qufpyfaom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ a[jAJoHk;EIef;yHkpHtjrifürl y#dnmOfjyKjcif;qdkif&m toHk;tEIef;rsm;
xnfhoGif;avh&Sdonf/ YHWH onf w&m;aom? udk,fusifhw&m;ESihfnDaom bk&m;jzpfonf/
olonf rdrd\ vlrsm;udk rdrd\ tusifhp½kdkuftm; xif[yfapvdkonf/ a&G;EIwfjcif;cHvlom;onf
topfzefqif;aom owÅ0gjzpfvmonf/ þtopfjyKjyifjcif;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom
touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHopf jzpfay:aponf/ (a&mrumodkvpf\ tjrifajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;)/
tpöa&;onf
bmoma&;jzifh
tkyfcsKyfaom
pHepfusifhoHk;ojzifh
avmuDa&;&m
(vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; ajzmifhrwfjcif;) ESifh avmukwå&mta&; (bk&m;\ tvkdawmf) tm;&Sif;pGm
tao;pdwfazmfjyjcif; r&Sdacs/ þuGJjym;xl;jcm;rIudk a[jAJESifh*&da0g[m&rms;tm;jzifh azmfjyxm;&m
t*Fvdyfvdk ]justice}- w&m;rQwrI (vlYtzGJUtpnf;qkdif&m) ESifh ]righteousness}
ajzmifhrwfjcif; (bmoma&;qdkif&m) rsm;tjzpf bmomjyef qdkonf/
a,½I\ {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;) [lonf usqif;aom vlom;tm;
bk&m;ocifESifh jyefí rdwfó[m,&Sdapjcif;yif jzpfonf/ ¤if;tm; crnf;awmf\ cspfjcif;arwåm?
*½kPmawmfESifh aus;Zl;awmf? om;awmf\ touftaocHjcif;ESifh jyef&Sifxajrmufjcif;?
0dnmOfawmf\
ydk;yef;rIESifh
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;odkY
qGJaqmifjcif;rsm;tm;jzifh
aqmif&GufNyD;pD;aponf/ ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ tcrJh (freevGwfvyfaom) vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifh udkufnDrI
jzpfxGef;ap&ygrnf/ (Mo*wfpwif;\ &yfwnfcsufjzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;
txl;jyKonfh jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif; - Reformation ESifh ajymif;vJaom toufwm?
cspfjcif;arwåmESifh
opöm&Sdjcif;udk
txl;jyKonfh
a&mrumodkvpfESpfckpvHk;udk
xif[yfay:vGifaponf/) jyefvnfjyKjyifolrsm;twGuf xdka0g[m&onf ]bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfrI? tjypf&Sdol vlom;tm; bk&m;ocif vufoifhcHEkdifap&ef vkyfaqmifrIwnf;[lonfh
taetxm;qdkif&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,frIjzpfNyD; umodkvpfcH,lcsufrsm;twGufrSmrl xdka0g[m&onf
bk&m;ocifESifh
ydkíydkí
wlvmjcif;vkyfief;pOfwnf;[laom
tawGUtMuHKqdkif&m
wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; jzpfonf/ trSefrSm ESpfrsdK;pvHk; jzpfonf)/
uREkfyf\ tjrifürl urÇmOD;usrf; 4 rSonf Asm'dwf 20 txd or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;onf
{'ifO,smOfu rdwfo[m,udk bk&m;ocif jyeffvnfazmfaqmifjcif; rSwfwrf;jzpfygonf/
or®musrf;pmonf tpyxrü bk&m;ocifESifh vlom;\ rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;ESifhpwifum
70
(urÇmOD; 1-2)? xdktajctaersdK;ESifhyif tqHk;owfonf (Asm'dwf 21-22)/ bk&m;ocif\
o@mefawmfESifh &nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfay:vmvdrhfrnf/
txufygaqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk taxmuftxm;jyK&ef tqdkyg *&da0g[m&tkyfpkuGJrsm;tm;
&Sif;vif;onfh a&G;cs,fxm;aom atmufyg"r®opfusrf;? usrf;ydk'frsm;udk rSwfxm;yg/
1/ bk&m;ocif ajzmifhrwfonf/ (bk&m;ociftm; w&m;olBuD;tjzpf azmfjyavh&Sdonf)
u/ a&mr 3;26
c/ 2 oufomavmed 1;5-6
*/ 2 wdarmao 4;8
C/ Asm'dwf 16;5
2/ a,½Iajzmifhrwfawmfrlonf
u/ wrefawmf 3;14/ 7;52/ 22;14 (ar&Sd,\ bGJUemr)
c/ róJ 27;19
*/ 1 a,m? 2;1? 29/ 3;7/
3/ rdrd\ zefqif;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/
u/ 0wfjyK&m 19;2
c/ róJ 5;48 (5;17-20)
4/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm; bk&m;ocif axmufyHhjcif;ESifh jzpfyGm;apjcif;enf;vrf;rsm;
u/ a&mr 3;21-31
c/ a&mr 4
*/ a&mr 5;6-11
C/ *vmwd 3;6-14
i/ bk&m;ocifay;onfrSm
(1) a&mr 3;24/ 6;23
(2) 1aum&dEåK 1;30
(3) {zuf 2;8-9
p/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&&SdonfrSm
(1) a&mr 1;17/ 3;22? 26/ 4;3?5?13/ 9;30/ 10;4?6?10/
(2) 2 aum&dEåK 5;21
q/ om;awmf\ vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifh
(1) a&mr 5;21
(2) 2aum&dEÅK 5;21
(3) zdvdyÜd 2;6-11
5/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSm olYaemufvdkufolrsm; ajzmifhrwfMu&ef jzpfonf/
(u) róJ 5;3-48/ 7;24-27
(c) a&mr 2;13/ 5;1-5/ 6;1-23
(*) 1 wdarmao 6;11
(C) 2 wdarmao 2;22/ 3;16
71
(i) 1 a,m 3;7
(p) 1 ay 2;24
6/ bk&m;ocifonf urÇmtm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;jzifh w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnf/
u/ wrefawmf 17;31
c/ 2 wdarmao 4;8
bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf tjypfjyKolvlom;tm; c&pfawmftm;jzifh tcrJhay;aom bk&m;
ocif\ trSwfvu©Pmwpfck jzpfonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;½Hk;awmf pD&ifcsufwpfck
2/ bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfck
3/ c&pfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrI wpfck
odkYaomf ¤if;onf tifwdkuftm;wdkufESifh pGJpGJNrJjrJ BudK;yrf;&rnfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfief;pOf
wpfckvnf;jzpfNyD; ¤if;onf c&pfawmf 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf <uvmaomaeYü tqHk;owf
vdrhfrnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;udk u,fwifjcif;&csdefü jyef&onf
rSefaomfvnf;? b0toufwm wavQmufvHk; qufvufjzpfay:um aoqHk;csdef odkYr[kwf
csDaqmifjcif;ü rsufESmcsif;qdkif zl;awGU&onftxd jzpfonf/
þaqG;aEG;rItm; ed*Hk;csKyf&ef azmfjybdkY aumif;rGefaom tnTef;wpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;udk
]aygvkESifh ola&;aompmrsm; qdkif&m tbd"gef Dictionary of Paul & His Letters
jzpfonf/
uJvfAif (Calvin) onf bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh qufpyfjcif;qkdif&m jrifuGif;udk
vlom (Luther) xufydkí txl;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;tay: vlom\ tjrifrSm
w&m;aovGwfvdkufjcif;
tjrifygaeonfESifh
wlonf/
uJvfAifurl
bk&m;ocif\
ajzmifhrwfrItm; uREkfyfwdkY tquftoG,fjyKjcif; (0g) oGif;ay;jcif;\ tHhMozG,f&m
oabmobm0udk txl;jyKonf (pm? 834)/
uREkfyftwGufrl ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfrIü rsufESmpmoHk;rsdK;&Sdonf/
1/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfonf (ta&SUydkif; toif;awmfESifh uJvfAif\ txl;jyKrI)
2/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf or®mw&m;jzpfonf (Mo*wfpwif;ESifh vlomwdkY\ txl;jyKrI)
3/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf ajymif;vJaom toufwmjzpfonf (umodkvpf txl;jyKrI)
¤if;wdkYtm;vHk; rSefuefNyD; usef;rmMuHhcdkifaom? rSefuefNyD; or®musrf;enf;us c&pf,mef
jzpfa&;twGuf tm;vHk; pGJudkifxm;&ygrnf/ wpfa,mufa,mufu wpfrsdK;rsdK;tm; tvGeftuRH
txl;jyKrnf (0g) ½Iwfcsrnfqdkygu jyóemjzpfoGm;ygonf/
a,½Iudk MudKqdk&ygrnf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;udk ,HkMunf&ygrnf/
c&pfawmfESihfwlnDjcif;tm; rSDatmifvkduf&ygrnf/
72
NASB, NKJV ]],HkMunfjcif;rS ,HkMunfjcif;odkY}}
NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf}}
TEV ]]¤if;onf tprStqHk; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh jzpf\}}
NJB ]],HkMunfjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;odkY rnfuJhodkY OD;aqmifoGm;aMumif; jyonf}}
þpum;pkü ek ESifh eis ac: 0dbwfESpfck&Sd&m tajymif;tvJ (0g) wdk;wufrIudk jyonf/
aygvkonf 0guswnfaqmufyHkrsdK;udk 2 aum 2;16 ü toHk;jyKNyD;? 2aum 3;18 ü oHk;aom
0dbwfrsm;rSm opoESifh apojzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf tcrJh vufaqmifwpfrsdK;jzpfum?
¤if;onf xl;jcm;rIESifh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpH wpfckjzpfvm&ef arQmfvifhonf/
þpum;pkudk
trsdK;rsdK;bmomjyefEkdifonf/
Wiliam\
"r®opfbmomjyefusrf;ü
]ydkrdkBuD;rm;aom ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfvm&ef ,HkMunfjcif;u ay;aomOD;aqmifrI}} [lí jzpfonf/
"r®ynmqdkif&m t"dutcsufrsm;rSm –
1/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS vmonf (zGifhjyonf)
2/ vlom;onf wHkYjyef&rnfjzpfNyD;? qufvufwkYHjyefoGm;onf/
3/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;aom toufwmjzpfay:ap&ygrnf/
aocsmonfrSm c&pfawmftm; ],HkMunfjcif;} onf tNyD;tjywf qHk;jzwfcsufay;aom
t&mjzpfonf/ (5;1/ zd? 3;9) bk&m;ocifay;onfh u,fwifjcif;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
wkYHjyefrItay: tajccHonf (rm 1;15/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ w? 3;16 ESihf 19/ 20;21)/ 1;5/
4;5 ESifh 10;4 wdkY\ txl;taMumif;t&m wdkYü Munfhyg/
NASB ]]odkYaomf ajzmifhrwfaomvlonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}
NKJV ]]rSefuefaom (just) olonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}
NRSV ]]ajzmifhrwfaomolonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}}
TEV ]]bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefaom olonf ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}
NJB ]]ajzmifhrSefaomvlonf ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh toufudk awGUonf}}
¤if;onf [A?2;4 rS jzpfaomfvnf; t"du *&drl&if;usrf;jzpfonfh Masoretic Text
(MT) ESifh *&dbmom\ "r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint (LXX)) wdkYü xdkodkfYr[kwfacs/
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü ],HkMunfjcif;- faith wGif “trustworthiness’’ (,HkMunftm;xm;xdkufrI)
“faithfulness” or “loyalty” -(opöm&Sdjcif;) pum;vHk;wdkYtm;wifpm; (metaphorical)
onfht"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (1;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom
73
,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ opöm&SdrIay: tajcjyKonf/ (3;5?21?22?25?26) vlonf
bk&m;ocif\ axmufyHhrIudk tm;udk;tm;xm; jyKjcif;onf vl\ opöm&SdrIudk ay:vGifaponf/
þ"r®a[mif;usrf;csufudkyif *v? 3;11 ESifh a[NAJ? 10;38 wdkYü azmfjyonf/ tqufusrf;ydk'f
a&mr 1;18-3;20 onfbk&m;ocif\ opöm&SdrIESifh qefYusifbuf&Sd azmfjyonf/
þpum;pk\ aemufqHk;tydkif;tm; acwfopfteufzGifhusrf; jyKpkolrsm; rnfuJhodkY em;vnf
aMumif; azmfjyygu taxmuftuljzpfapygonf/
1. Vaughan “,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpjyKí ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tqHk;owfonf/
‘
2. Hodge “,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom”
3. Barrett “tjcm;r[kwfbJ ,HkMunfjcif;tajccHtm;jzifhom”
4. Knox “,HkMunfjcif;onf yxrESifhaemufqHk;”
5. Stagg “ajzmifhrSefolonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh (out of faith) touf&Sifvdrfhrnf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf;/ /1;18-23
18
bk&m;w&m;rJhjcif;ESifhor®mw&m;tm; rw&m;rIjzifh zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fol? rw&m;aomvlrsm;\
wzufü bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfonf aumif;uifay:rS zGifhjyvsuf&Sd\/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf bk&m;ociftaMumif;odí&aom t&mrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYü xif&Sm;apojzifh
¤if;onf olwkdYtxJü xif&Sm;vsuf&Sd\/ 20taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\ rsufjrifr&aom
*kPftFgrsm;? ol\xm0&wefcdk;awmfESifh bk&m;yuwdonf zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh
em;vnfum? urÇmtm; zefqif;onfh tcsdefrSpí &Sif;vif;pGm odjrif&\/ xdkYaMumifholwdkYü
qifajcwufEdkifp&m taMumif;r&Sdacs/ 21taMumif;rlum; olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk
odonfrSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ociftjzpf jzifh olYudk *kPfjyKjcif;? aus;Zl;wifjcif;r&SdMubJ? rdrdwdkY\
rSef;qrIrsm;tm;jzifh tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;Mu um? rdkufrJaomolwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;onf
22
ynm&Sdjzpfygonf
[kqdkMufaomfvnf;?
t½l;rsm;jzpfoGm;Muum
arSmifrdkufvsuf&Sd\/
23
rysufpD;Edkifaom bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfudk ysufpD;wwfaomvlESifh aus;iSufrsm;?
ajcav;acsmif; owå0grsm;ESifh wGm;oGm;aom owå0grsm;\ ½kyfwkqif;wkrsm;ESifh vJvS,f
vdkufMu\/
1;18 ]]taMumif;rlum;}} t"duOD;wnfcsuftm; azmfjyonfh 16-17ü “gar” pum;vHk;
b,fESpfcgoHk;aMumif;oHk;BudrfjzpfaMumif;
odxm;yg/
¤if;onf,ck{0Ha*vdw&m;\
yxrtcsufudk aygvkpí wifjyjcif; jzpfonf (1;18-3;31)/ ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;ay;onfh
bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfESifhum; (1;16-17) qefYusifbufjzpfonf/
‘]]bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmf}} ti,f 18-23 onf aygvkacwfomoemyavmutaMumif;
azmfjyonf/ omoemavmutaMumif; aygvk\azmfjyjcif; yHkpHudk *sL;pmayrsm;üvnf;
74
awGY&onf/ (Wisdom of Solomon 13:1ESifh Letter of Aristeas, 134-38) ESifh
*&dESifha&mrvlrsdK;rsm; igudk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m pmayrsm;üygawGY&onf/ bk&m;ocif\
arwåmawmftaMumif;ajymaom or®usrf;pm uyif bk&m;ocif\ rsufawmftaMumif;udkvnf;
ajymjyonf/ (23-32/ 2;5-8/ 3;5/ 4;15/ 5;9/ 9;2/ 12;19/ 13;4-5)/
trsufxGufjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;wnf;[lonfh vlYa0g[m&ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkyif bk&m;ocifü
oHk;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; rdrdudk wHkYjyefrIay;um? touf&Sif apvdkjcif;yHkpH
wpfrsdK;&SdaMumif; xdka0g[m&rsm;uazmfjyonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf (c&pfawmf\
{0Ha*vdw&m;) tm;vl wpfa,mufu jiif;qefonfhtcg jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;qufrSm
þtcef;i,füjyonfhwdkif; ,m,DtusdK;quf &SdouJhodkY c&pfawmf <umvmonfh tcsdefü
awGU&rnfh tusdK;qufvnf;&Sdao;onf (2;5)/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifudk tmCwBuD;NyD;
vufpm;acsvdkpdwf wpfuJuJESifhjzpfaeoltm;jzifh ½Ijrif&efum;r[kwfacs/ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf
ol\ ]]xl;qef;aomtvkyf}} jzpfonf (a[&Sm? 28;21)/ cspfjcif;arwåmonf ol\
trSwftom;jzpfonf/ w&m;a[m&musrf; 5;9-5;10? 7;9wdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfyg/ olYü w&m;rQwrIESifh
aus;Zl;u½kPm ydkíomvGef ydkuJonf/ odkaY omf vlwdkif; (a' 12;13-14/ *v? 6;7)
c&pf,mefrsm;ygrusef bk&m;ociftm; owif;ydkYMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (14;10-12/ 2 aum? 5;10)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/bk&m;ociftm;
vlom;uJhodkY
a&;om;
azmfjyjcif;
(Anthropomorphic language)
1/ þyHkpHpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;onf "r®a[mif;usrfü tvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ (OyrmtcsdKUrSm)
u/ cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm;
1/ rsufpd- u? 1;4;31? 6;8? xGuf? 33;17? awm? 14;14? w&m;? 11;12? Zm? 4;10/
2/ vuf - xGuf? 15;17? awm? 11;23? w&m;? 2;15/
3/ vufarmif; - xGuf? 6;6? 15;16? awm? 11;23? w&m;? 4;34? 5;15/
4/ em;&Guf - awm? 11;18? 1 "r®? 8;21? 4"r®? 19;16?
5/ rsufESm - xGuf? 32;30? 33;11? awm? 6;25? w&m;? 34;10? qm? 114;7/
6/ vufacsmif;rsm; - xGuf? 8;19? 31;18? w&m;? 9;10? qm? 8;3/
7/ toH - u? 3;8? 10? xGuf? 15;26? 19;19? w&m;? 26;17? 27;10/ss
8/ ajcaxmuf - xGuf? 24;10? a,Z? 43;7/
9/ vlom;o@mef - xGuf? 24;9-11? qm? 47? a[&Sm? 6;1? a,Z? 1;26/
10/ xm0&bk&m;\ aumif;uifwref - u? 16;7-13? 22;11-15? 31;11-13? 48;1516? xGuf? 3;4? 13-21? 14;19? olBuD;? 2;1? 6;22-23? 13;3-22/
c/ cE¨mudk,fjyKrlvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
1/ zefqif;jcif;puf,Eåm&m;tjzpfpum;ajymjcif; - u? 1;3?6?9?11?14?20?24?26/
2/ {'ifO,smOfü vrf;avQmufjcif; (toH) - u? 3;8? 18;33? [A? 3;15?
3/ aem{\oabFmwHcg;ydwfjcif; - u? 7;16
75
4/ rD;½dIUaom,Zfaumifrsm;teHUudk½ljcif; - u? 8;21? 0wf? 26;31? tm? 5;21/
5/ qif;vmjcif; - u? 11;5? 18;21? xGuf? 3;8? 19;11?18?20/
6/ arma&Sudk oN*dKvfjcif; - w&m;? 34;6
*/ vlom;\pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (OyrmtcsdKU)
1/ aemifw& (pdwfem) - u? 6;6-7? xGuf? 32;14? olBuD;? 2;18? 1"r®? 15;29? 35? tm?
7;3?6/
2/ pdwfqdk; - xGuf? 4;14? 15;7? awm? 11;10? 12;9? 22;22? 25;3-4? 32;10?13?14?
w&m;? 6;5? 7;4? 29;20/
3/ o0efwdk (tjypf&Sdonf[kxifvG,f) - xGuf? 20;5? 34;14? w&m;? 4;24? 5;9? 6;15?
32;16?21? a,m½I? 24;19/
4/ &GH&Sm - 0wf? 20;23? 26;30? w&m;? 32;19/
C/ rdom;pka0g[m&rsm; (OyrmtcsdKU)
1/ zcif
(u) tpöa&;rsm;ESifhqdkifí - xGuf? 4;22? w&m;? 14;1? 39;5?
(c) &Sifbk&ifESifhqdkifí – 2"r®? 7;11-16? qm? 2;7/
(*) zcifuJhodkYjyKrloltjzpf wifpm;rIrsm; - w&m;? 1;13? 8;5? 32;1? qm? 27;10? ok?
3;12? a,? 3;4?22? 31;20? a[m? 11;1-4? rmv? 11;1-4/
2/ rdbrsm; - a[m? 11;1-4
3/ rdcif -qm? 27;10 (EdkYxdef;onfuJhodkY)? a[&Sm? 49;15? 66;9-13/
4/ i,fcspfOD; - a[m? 1-3/
2/ þyHkpHbmompum;oHk;&jcif;taMumif;&if;rsm;
u/
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdudk,frdrdvlom;rsm;tm;
zGifhjy&ef
¤if;yHkpHvdktyfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf emrf 0dÓOfjzpfírjrif&ojzifh bk&m;ociftm; vlom; tjzpfa&;
om;azmfjyum? a,musfm; tjzpf,lqjcif;rSm tvGefysUHESYHonf/
c/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;b0\ t"dyÜg,ft&SdqHk;jrifuGif;rsm;udk,lum? qif;aom
vlom;tm; rdrdudk,frdrdazmfxkwfjyo&ef ¤if;wdkYudktoHk;jyKonf/ (zcif? rdcif? rdb?
cspfol)
*/ ½kyfcE¨myHkpHwpfrsdK;rsdK;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrduefYowfxkwfjy&ef vdktyfrI&Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyK&ef
qE´r&Sd acs/ (xGuf? 20? w&m;? 5)/
C/ bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyjcif;\ txG#ftxdyfrSm a,½Itjzpf
vl0ifpm;jcif;jzpf onfh bk&m;ocifonf ½kyfcE¨m? wdkYxdí&aom oljzpfvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
(1a,m? 1;1-3)/ bk&m;cif\ owif;pum;onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf
jzpfvmonf (a,m? 1;1-18)/
76
]]zGifhjyvsuf&Sdonf}} {0Ha*vdw&m;onf zGifhjyxm;aom or®mw&m;wpf&yf (i,f 17)
jzpfonfenf;wl bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfrSmvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ b,f[murS
vlom;rsm; &SmazGawGY&Sdír[kwf ovkd? ,kwådaA'oabmomomvnf;r[kwfacs/
]]or®mw&m;tm;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fol}} ¤if;rSm vlom;\ rod&Sd? em;rvnfrIudk rqdkvdkbJ? vlom;\
acgif;rmrmjzifhjiif;qefrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ (21;32? a,m? 3;17-21)/ þpum;pk\
jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaomt"dyÜg,frSm
1/ olwdkYonf or®mw&m;udk od&aomfvnf;jiif;qefMuonf/
2/ or®mw&m;udk olwdkYjiif;qefaMumif;tm;? olwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif; yHkpHujyoaeonf/
3/ olwdkY\toufwmrsm;ESifh^pum;rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; or®mw&m;udkrod&ef?
vufrcH&eftaMumif;jzpfaponf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aygvka&;aompmrsm;xJazmfjyonfh ]]or®mw&m;}}
þa0g[m&tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;jcif;ESifh ¤if;ESifhqufpyfonfh toHk;tEIef;rsm;onf
"r®a[mif; usrf;ESifh t"dyÜg,fnDrQaom emet rSvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ,HkMunftm;xm;xdkufonfU (0g)
opöm&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (BDB 53)/ *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\ or®musrf;pmqkdif&m
ta&;tom;rsm;ü¤if;udk trSm;ESifhqefYusifbuf jzpfaom or®mw&m;ESifhqdkifí oHk;onf/
¤if;ESifhteD;pyfqHk;tvm;wl toHk;tEIef;rSm the Dead Sea Scrolls ac:yifv,faoa'orS
aemufqHk;awGY&Sdaom om;a&usrf; tvdyfrsm;ü yg0ifonfH ]]aus;Zl;awmf
csD;rGrf;&m
"r®a[mif;rsm;}} jzpfNyD;? ¤if;ü zGifhjycJhNyD;aom Mo0g'rsm;ESifhqdkifaom toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh
a&;om;onf/ xdkvlUtzGJUtpnf;\ tzGJU0ifrsm;onf ]]or®mw&m;\ oufaorsm;}} jzpfvmonf/
aygvkonf xdka0g[m&tm; a,½Ic&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;&Sd &nfnTef;&eftoHk;jyKrnf/
1/ a&m? 1;18?25? 2;8? 20;? 3;7? 15;8/
2/ 1aum? 13;6/
3/ 2aum? 4;2? 6;7? 11;10? 13;8/
4/ *v? 2;5?14? 5;7/
5/ {zuf? 1;13? 6;14/
6/ aumavmoJ? 1;5-6/
7/ 2oufoavmed? 2;10?12?13/
8/ 2wdarmao? 2;4? 3;15? 4;3? 6;5/
9/ 2wdarmao? 2;15?18?25/ 3;7?8/ 4;4/
10/ wdwk 1;1?14/
aygvkonf þa0g[m&tm; rdrdrSefuefpGmajymqdkaMumif;jy&efvnf; oHk;onf/
u / wrefawmf 26;25
c / a&mr 9;1
*/ 2aum&dEåK 7;14? 12;6/
C / {zuf? 4;25
77
i/ zdvdyÜd? 1;18
p/ 2wdarmao? 2;7/
olonf rdrd&nf&G,fcsuftm; &Sif;vif;&ef (1aum? 5;8)ESifh rdrdtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHtm;
(c&pf,mefrsm; tm;vHk;twGufyg)jyo&efESifh ({zuf? 4;24/ 5;9/ zd? 4;8) wcgwav
vlrsm;twGufoHk;onf/
u / bk&m;ocif- a&mr? 3;4? (a,m[ef? 3;33/ 17;17)
c / a,½I- {zuf? 4;21 (a,m[ef? 14;6 ESifhqifwl)
*/ wrefawmftjzpfjyaomoufao - wdwk? 1;13/
C / aygvk - 2aum? 6;8/
*vwd? 4;16 ESifh {zuf? 4;15 rsm;xJu Bud,myHkpHrsdK; (Oyrm? aletheoy)&SdaygvkuomvQifoHk;
um? {0Havdw&m;&Sd nTef;qdkonf/ aemufxyfavhvm&ef Colin Brown (ed)\The New
International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, twGJ 3? pm? 784-902
udkwdkifyifyg/
1;19 ]]tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ociftaMumif;odí&aomt&mrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf
olwdkYü xif&Sm;apojzifh ¤if;onf olwdkYtxJüxif&Sm;vsuf&Sd\}} vlom;tm;vHk;onf
bk&m;ociftaMumif; tcsdKUwdkYtm; zefqif;aomt&mrsm;rS odMuonfomjzpfonf/ (i,f? 20/
a,mb? 12;7-10 ESifh qm? 19;1-6wdkYü obm0w&m;rSwqifh) "r®ynmü¤if;udk
]]obm0w&m;tm;jzifhzGifhjyjcif;}}
[kac:onf/
¤if;onf
tjynfhtpHkr[kwfonfYwdkif
or®musrf;pmxJ yg&Sdonfh bk&m;ocif\ ]]txl; zGifhjyjcif;}} (qm? 19;7-14) odkYr[kwf
a,½Itm;jzifh tqHk;pGefaom zGifhjyrItm;r&&Sdvdkufolrsmtay: bk&m;ocif udkifpGJonfU
wm0ef,lrIjzpfonf (aum? 1;15/ 2;9)/
]]odonf}} qkdaom a0g[m&ukd "r®opfusrf;ü tjrifESpfrsdK;jzifh okH;onf/ (1) ¤if;\
"r®a[mif;tjrifjzpfaom yk*¾dKvfcsif; &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifonfh qufpyfrI (u? 4;1/ a,? 1;5) ESifh (2)
taMumif;t&mwpfck\ tjzpfrSeftm; *&dtjrifjzifh azmfjyrI (i,f 21) wkdYjzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdw&m;onf BudKqkdjcif;jyK&rnfh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;ESifh vufcH,kHMunfjcif;jyK&rnfh tqkdyg
yk*¾dKvftaMumif; owif;pum;ESpfrsdK;pvkH;yifjzpfonf/ þti,f 19 ü ¤if;ukd eHygwf (2)
tjriftm;jzifhom okH;onf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /od&Sdonf (Oyrmtjzpf w&m;a[m&musrf;tm; okH;avh&Sdonf)
a[NAJpum; ]]od&Sdonf}} (BDB 393) ü t"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; (ta&SUtv,fykdif;
bmompum;) ukd QalBud,mtrsdK;tpm;ü awGY&onf/
1/ tqkd;taumif; em;vnfjcif; - u? 3;22/ w&m;? 1;39/ a[&Sm? 7;14-15/ a,me?
4;11
2/ em;vnfjcif;tm;jzifh od&Sdjcif; - w&m;? 9;2?3?6/ 18;21
78
3/ tawGYtBuKHtm;jzifh od&Sdjcif; - w&m;? 3;19/ 4;35/ 8;2?3?5/ 11;2/ 20;20/ 31;13/
a,m½I? 23;14
4/ pOf;pm;jcif; - w&m;? 4;39/ 11;2/ 29;16
5/ vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh od&Sdjcif;
(u) vlyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf - u? 29;5/ xGuf? 1;8/ w&m;? 22;2/ 33;9
(c) bk&m;wpfql - w&m;? 11;28/ 13;2?6?13/ 28;64/ 29;26/ 32;17
(*) YHWH- w&m;? 4;35? 39/ 7;9/ 29;6/ a[&Sm? 1;3/ 56;10-11
(C) vdifrIudpötm;jzifh - u? 4;1/? 17? 25/ 24;16/ 38;26
6/ oif,laom uRrf;usifrI (0g) todynm - a[&Sm? 29;11?12/ tm? 5;16
7/ ynm&Sdoljzpfjcif; - w&m;? 29;4/ ok? 1;2/ 4;1/ a[&Sm? 29;24
8/ bk&m;ocif\ todynm
(u) arma&SESifhqkdifí - w&m;? 34;10
(c) tpöa&;ESifhqkdifí - w&m;? 31;21?27?29
1;20/ þusrf;ykd'fonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; okH;rsdK;azmfjyonf/
1/ ol\ rjrifEkdifaom *kPfowÅdrsm; (ol\ vu©Pm/ aum? 1;15/ 1 wd? 1;17/ a[NAJ?
11;27)
2/ ol\ xm0&wef;ckd;awmf (obm0tm; zefqif;jcif;ü awGY&onfhtwkdif;? qmvH? 19;16)
3/ ol\ bk&m;obm0 (ol\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh zefqif;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufü awGY&onf/
u? 1-2)
]]urÇmtm;zefqif;onfh tcsdefrSpí}} 0dbwf apo ukd ,m,D t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onf/
tvm;wl pum;pkrsdK;tm; rm? 10;6/ 13;19/ 2 ay? 3;4 wkdYü awGY&onf/ rjrif&aom
bk&m;ocifukd ,cktcg 1/ ½kyfurÇmtm; zefqif;jcif; (þusrf;ykd'f) jzifhjrif&onf/
2/ or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh (qm? 19/ 119) jrif&onf/
3/ tqkH;pGefwGif a,½Iü (a,m? 14;9) jrif&onf/
]]bk&m;yuwd}} *&dpmayrS theiotēs ukd ]]bk&m;\ BuD;jrifhjcif; - majesty}} [lí
bmomjyefqkdEkdifonf/ ¤if;ukd a,½Iü tBuD;jrifhqkH; jrifEkdifonf/ olonf bk&m;o@mefawmfukd
twktESKdif;uif;pGm aqmif,lonf/ (2 aum? 4;4/ a[NAJ? 1;3)/ olonf vlom;ykHkyef;o@mefjzifh
bk&m;ociftm; tjynfht0zGifhjyoljzpfonf/ (aum? 1;19/ 2;9)/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ tHhcsD;bG,f&m
or®mw&m;rSm tjypfxJusqif;cJhol vlom;onf c&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh c&pfawmfESifh
wlnDjcif;a0rQ &,lonf [laom tcsufjzpf\ (a[NAJ 12;10/ 1 a,m? 3;2)/ vlom;txJü
79
&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfukd (u? 1;26? 27) jyefvnf&,lcJhNyD;jzpfownf; (theios2
ay? 1;3-4)/
NASB ]]zefqif;onfht&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD}}
NKJV]]zefqif;onfht&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum &Sif;vif;pGm odjrif&\}}
NRSV]]zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum odjrifcJh&NyD}}
TEV]]&Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD/ ¤if;wkdYukd bk&m;ocif\ zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh
odjrif&onf}}
NJB ]]zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;ukd vlpdwftm;jzifh em;vnf&rIrS &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD}}
aygif;pyfxm;onfh noeŌ (r? 15;17) ESifh kathoraŌ wkdYonf ESpfckpvHk;
tjyKcHBud,mppfrSefpGm odjrifonf[k qkdvkd&ma&mufonf/ bk&m;ocifonf usrf;ESpf
usrf;a&;om;cJh&m (1) obm0w&m; (qm? 19;1-6) ESifh (2) or®musrf;pm (qm? 19;7-14) wkdY
jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdYESpfrsdK;pvkH;rSm vlom;b0jzifh enf;vnfEkdifpGrf;aomt&mjzpfum wkHYjyefrIukdvnf;
awmif;qkdonf/ (Wisdom 13:1-9)
]]xkdYaMumifh olwkdYü qifajcwufEkdifp&mtaMumif; r&Sdacs}} t"dyÜg,ftwdtusrSm ]]w&m;0if
ckcHykdifcGifhr&Sdacs}} [lí jzpf\/ þ*&da0g[m& (apologeomai ü a xyfxnfhjcif;) ukd
"r®opfusrf;ü þae&mESifh 2;1 ü omvQif okH;onf/ 1;18-3;20 \ "r®ynmt&&nf&G,fcsufrSm
vlom;tm;vkH; 0dnmOfa&;ü aysmufqkH;aejcif;tm; jyo&efjzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ vlom;wdkif;ü
rdrdwkdY &&Sdxm;onfh todynmay:rlwnfum wm0ef&SdMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;tm;
rdrdwkdYodxm;onfht&m (0g) odEkdifonfht&m twGufüom wm0ef&Sdonf[k pGJukdifonf/ (4;15/
5;13)/
1;21 ]]taMumif;rlum; olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifukd odonfrSefaomvnf;}} vlom;onf
wjznf;jznf;csif; bk&m;w&m;ukdif;½SKdif;vmonfr[kwfyJ? wkd;íwkd;í qkd;npfvmMujcif;jzpfonf/
vlom;onf urÇmOD;usrf; 3 tcsdefumvrSpí awmifajc&if;okdY qif;aomvrf;ukd qufvuf
vkdufvmcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ arSmifrkdufonf ykdíykdí arSmifrJvmaejcif;omjzpfonf/
]]olYukd bk&m;ociftjzpf *kPfjyKjcif;? aus;Zl;wifjcif;r&SdMubJ}} ti,f 23?24 ü azmfjyonfh
omoemy½kyfwkqif;wk avmu\ 0rf;enf;p&m uHMur®mjzpfonf/ (a,? 2;9-13)/
,kHMunfolrsm;url c&pfawmfuJhokdYtouf&Sifjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifukd ]]csD;ajr§muf*kPfjyK}}
Muonf/ (r? 5;16/ a&m? 12;1-2/ 1 aum? 6;;20/ 10;31/ zd? 1;20/ 1 ay? 4;11) YHWH
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ trSwftom;ukd usqif;í rsufpduef;aom avmutm; xif[yfjyornfh
vlwpfrsdK;tvkdawmf&Sdygonf/
80
]]rdrdwkdY\ rSef;qrIrsm;tm;jzifh tcsnf;tESD;jzpfoGm;Muum? rdkufrJaom olwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf arSmifrkdufvsuf&Sd\}} Olaf M. Morlie \ ]]topfbmomjyefjcif;
"r®opfusrf;}} ü ,ckvkdzwf&ykHrSm ]]xkdokdYjzpf&rnfhtpm; olwkdYonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; rdrdwkdY\
rkdufrJaom rSef;qrIrsm;txJ rdrdudk,frdrd Asmrsm;vsuf&SdMuNyD;? rkdufrJaom rdrdwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf tarSmifxJü prf;w0g;0g;jzpfaeMu\}} [lí jzpfonf/ vlom;wkdY\
bmomw&m;rsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m ykefuefrIESifh rmefrmersm;twGuf armfuGef;ausmufwkdifrsm;
jzpfonf/ (i,f 22/ aum? 2;16-23)
*&d"r®a[mif;usrf; LXX ü okH;onfh tcsnf;ESD; futile pum;vkH;onf tpöa&;\
tdrfeD;csif;rsm; ukd;uG,fonfh½kyfwkrsm;ESifh qkdifí ]]vain - tv[o}} ]]non-existentrwnf&Sdjcif;}} ukd &nfnTef;onf/ aygvkonf Septuagint (LXX) ukd oduRrf;aom
a[NAJawG;ac:&Sifjzpfonf/ LXX ü okH;onfh *&dpum;vkH;rsm;onf "r®opfusrf;
a&;om;jyKpkolrsm;twGuf *&dtbd"gefBuD;rsm;xuf ykdí aumif;aom vrf;nTefjzpfonf/
þBud,mESpfrsdK;pvkH;onf Aorist Passive Indicative ac:tjyKcHBud,m
(PassiveVoice) rsm; jzpfonf// olwkdYü em;vnfrIaumif;pGm wkHYjyefrIjyKjcif; csdKUwJh&jcif;rSm
bk&m;ocifonf olwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;rms;ukd zkH;uG,fay;íavm¿ okdYr[kwf tvif;ukd
olwkdYjiif;qefrIonf olwkdYpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmapíavm¿ þtjyKcHBud,m pum;vkH;ESpfvkH;onf
þar;cGef; jzpfay:aponf/ (10;12-16/ 4 "r®? 17;15/ a,? 2;5/ {zuf? 4;17-19)/ ¤if;onf
xGufajrmuf&musrf;xJu zg½kdbk&ifESifh qkdifí tvm;wl "r®ynmqkdif&m ar;cGef;jzpfay:aponf/
zg½kdonf rdrdpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmaponf
bk&m;ocifonf olYpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmaponf
xGuf? 4;21
xGuf? 8;15
9;12
8;32
10;20
9;34
11;10
14;4
14;8
14;17
9;35 ü ckdifrmapolrSm bk&m;ocif (0g) zg½kdESpfrsdK;pvkH;&nfnTef;Ekdifonf/ ¤if;rSm
bk&m;ocif\ zkH;uG,fxm;aom tcsKyftcsmtmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qE´jzpfonf/
]]pdwfESvkH; - heart}} "r®a[mif;usrf;ü þa0g[m&ukd vl\ yk*¾dKvfwpfckvkH;tm;
&nfnTef;tokH;jyKonf/ okdYaomf pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh pdwfcHpm;rIjzpfpOftm; &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ 1;24
\ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
81
1;22
NASB, NKJV]]ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k qkdMuaomfvnf; t½l;rsm;jzpfvmMuum}}
NRSV]]ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k tcdkiftrmqkdMuaomfvnf; t½l;rsm;jzpfvmMuum}}
TEV]]olwkdYukd,folwkdY ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k ajymMuaomfvnf; t½l;rsm;jzpfMuonf}}
NJB]]olwkdYukd,folwkdY awG;ac:&SifBuD;rsm;[k ac:avav ykdí rkdufrJMuavavjzpfMuonf}}
uRefawmfwkdY\ t*Fvdyfpum; ]]moron}} (toufukd vkdufí todnmPfwkd; rvmbJ?
tlaMumifaMumifjzpfaeol) ukd *&dpum; ]]fffooll}} - t½l;rS&&Sdonf/ jyóemrSm vlom;\ rmeESifh
rdrd\ todynmukd tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (1 aum? 1;18-31/ aum 2;8-23)/ ¤if;rSm
urÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3 u jyóemjzpfonf/ todynmonf oD;cGJxkwfcHjcif;ESifh
w&m;pD&ifcHjcif; jzpfay:aponf/ vlom;\ todynmrSm tpOfrSm;,Gif;ír[kwfbJ ¤if;onf
tqkH;pGefaom t&m r[kwfjcif;rQom jzpfonf/
1;23 bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;aom vlom;onf acgif;rmrmjzifh
vpfvsL½SLonfhcg
(u? 11;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6) bk&m;ocifukd atmufygwkdYuJhokdYaom
avmuD½kyfwkrsm;jzpfoGm;aponf/
1/ wd&pämefrsm; (tD*spfEkdifiH)
2/ obm0pGrf;tm;rsm; (yg&Sm;^,ckacwftD&ef)
3/ vlom;ykHpH (*&dâ&mr) ½kyfwkrsm;? bk&m;ocif\ vlrsdkK;awmfukd,fwkdif þokdYjyKcJhMuonf/
(w&m;? 4;15-24)
a&S;acwfumvu þtjypfrsm;\ ,aeYacwfopfykHpHtcsdKYrSm
1/ obm0ywf0ef;usif0g'D (trdajrurÇm)
2/ ta&SUwkdif;\ acwfopf0g' (psmef0g'? 0dnmOf0g'ESifh arSmfynm)
3/ bk&m;rJhvlomy"ge0g'D? rm(cf)pf 0g'? t&mcyfodrf;jynfhpkHjcif; 0g' - utopianism?
wkd;wufaeaom jynfhpkHjcif;0g' – progressive idealism ESifh EkdifiHa&; (0g)
ynma&;ü tqkH;pGefaom ,HkMunfhrI&Sdjcif;
4/ aq;0g;tm;ukd;0g' - holistic medicine (usef;rmjcif;ESifh touf&Snfjcif;)
5/ ynma&;
]]bkef;wefckd;awmf}} 3;23 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
]]ysufpD;wwfaom vlom;}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
82
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/zsufqD;?
ysufpD;?
azgufjyef
-Destroy,
Ruin,
Corrupt
(PHTHEIRŌ)
þa0g[m& phtheirŌ \ tajccH t"dyÜg,frSm zsufqD; - destroy, ysufpD; - ruin,
azgufjyef - corrupt or spoil jzpfonf/ atmufygtwkdif;okH;Ekdifonf/
1/ aiGaMu;qkdif&m azgufjyefysufpD;rI (2 aum? 7;2 jzpfEkdifonf)
2/ ½kyfykdif;qkdif&m ysufpD;jcif; (1 aum? 3;17)
3/ ukd,fusifhw&m;ysufpD;jcif; (a&mr? 1;23/ 8;21/ 1 aum? 15;33? 42? 50/ *v? 6;8/
Asm? 19;2)
4/ vdifrIqkdif&m aoG;aqmifjcif; (2 aum? 11;13)
5/ xm0&ysufpD;jcif; (2 ay? 2;12?19)
6/ vlom;rsm;\ azgufjyefysufpD;aeaom rd½kd;zvm"avhxkH;pHrsm; (aum? 2;22/ 2 aum?
3;17)
þa0g[m&tm;
qefYusifbufrsm;tm;
y,fzsufjcif;tjzpf
wpfae&mwnf;ü
tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (a&mr? 1;23/ 1 aum? 9;25/ 15;50?53)
uRefawmfwkdY\ ajrBuD;½kyfcE¨mESifh uRefawmfwkdY\ aumif;uifbkHqkdif&m xm0&cE¨mukd,fwkdY
qefYusifbufjzpfaejcif;ü tvm;wl tokH;jyKykHukd rSwfom;yg/
1/ ykyfysufEkdifaomt&mESifh rykyfysufEkdifaomt&m (1 aum? 15;42?50)
2/ toa&rJhaomt&mESifh toa&jynfhpkHaomt&m (1 aum? 15;43)
3/ tm;enf;jcif;ESifh tpGrf;wefckd; (1 aum? 15;43)
4/ obm0ukd,fcE¨mESifh 0dnmOfcE¨m (1 aum? 15;44)
5/ yxrtm'HESifh aemufqkH;tm'H (1 aum? 15;45)
6/ ajrBuD;o@mefESifh aumif;uifbkHo@mef (1 aum? 15;49)
NASB(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/
/ 1;24-25
24
olwkdYonf rdrdwkdYukd,fcE¨mukd rdrdwkdYtcsif;csif; ½SKwfcsMuap&ef tvkdYiSg? olwkdY\
pdwfESvkH;wyfrufjcif;ukd vkdufí bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm; rpifMu,fjcif;ü vTwfvkdufawmfrl\/
25
taMumif;rlum; olwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;ukd rkomESifhvJvkdufMuum?
zefqif;olxuf zefqif;aom t&mrsm;ukd udk;uG,fum? tapcHMu\/ xkdt&Sifonf
tNrJxm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;oljzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif/
1;24?26?28 ]]bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm; ... vTwfvkdufawmfrl\}} ¤if;onf tpGrf;ukef
qkd;0g;aom w&m;pD&ifrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifu ]]usqif;ol vlom;tm;
83
olYvrf;olavQmufaeygavap}} [k qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ (qmvH 81;12/ a[m 4;17/ w? 7;42)
þ"r®ynmqkdif&m taMumif;t&mtwGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;ykd'ftawmfrsm;rsm; yg&Sdonf/ ti,f
23-32 onf omoemy avmutm; bk&m;ocifjiif;qef (,m,Dtrsufawmf) jcif;ESifh ¤if;\
tay:,H bmoma&;ukdif;½SKdif;rI (uRefawmfwkdYüyg) ukd a&;om;azmfjyonfh omoemy urÇm\
trSwfvu©PmrSm
vdifrIa&;&m
azmufjyefrIESifh
¤if;tm;
tjrwfxkwfjcif;jzpfcJhNyD;?
,ckacwfüvnf; xkdenf;wljzpfygonf/
1;24 ]]pdwfESvkH;rsm;}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mukd Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ESvkH;
Septuagint
(LXX)
*&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh
"r®opfusrf;ü
okH;aom?
*&da0g[m&kardiaukd a[NAJa0g[m& leb (BDB523) \ t"dyÜg,fxif[yfay:vGifapaom
pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ ¤if;ukd tokH;jyKykHtawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich ESifh
Darker wkdY\ A Greek-English Lexicon, pp. 403-404)
1/ ½kyfcE¨mtouf\ A[kd? vlyk*¾dKvftm; wifpm;ac:a0:jcif;wpfrsdK; (w? 14;17/ 2 aum?
3;2-3/ ,mukyf 5;5)
2/ 0dnmOftouf\A[kd (Oyrm – udk,fusifhw&m;ESifhqdkifaom)
(u) bk&m;ocifonf pdwfESvkH;ukd odonf/ (vk? 16;15/ a&m? 8;27/ 1 aum? 14;25/
1 ouf? 2;4/ Asm? 2;13)
(c) vlom;\ 0dnmOfa&;&m toufESifhqkdifí okH;onf/ (r? 15;18-19/ 18;35/ a&m?
6;17/ 1 wd? 1;5/ 2 wd 2;22/ 1 ay? 1;22)/
3/ pOf;pm;jcif; toufwm\ A[kd (Oyrm - todOmPf/ r? 13;15/ 24;48/ w? 7;23/
16;14/ 28;27/ a&m? 1;21/ 10;6/ 16;18/ 2 aum? 4;6/ {? 1;18/ 4;18/ ,m?
1;26/ 2 ay? 1;9/ Asm? 18;7/ 2 aum? 3;14-15 ESifh zd? 4;7 wkdYü ESvkH;onf pdwfESifh
t"dyÜg,fwlonf/
4/ pdwfqE´âpwem\ A[kdXgejzpfonf (Oyrm - pdwftvkd? w? 5;4/ 11;23/ 1 aum?
4;5/ 7;37/ 2 aum? 9;7)
5/ pdwfvIyf&Sm;jcif;\ A[kdXge (r? 5;28/ w? 2;26? 37/ 7;54/ 21;13/ a&m? 1;24/ 2
aum? 2;4/ 7;3/ {? 6;22/ zd? 1;7)
6/ 0dnmOftvkyfvkyf&m (a&m? 5;5/ 2 aum? 1;22/ *v? 4;6/ (Oyrm - uRefawmfwkdY
ESvkH;xJ c&pfawmf&Sdonf/ {? 3;17)
7/ ESvkH;onf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfckvkH;tm; &nfnTef;onfh wifpm;rI wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (r? 22;37/
w&m;? 6;5 ukd ,lonf)/ pOf;pm;jcif;? &nf&G,f&if;ESifh jyKrljcif;rsm;onf ESvkH;yif
jzpfonf[laom
oabm&SdNyD;?
¤if;onf
vlwpfa,muftm;
rnfuJhokdY
yk*d¾KvfrsdK;jzpfaMumif; tjynfht0 azmfjyonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü xl;jcm;rSwfom;
avmufaom a0g[m& tokH;tEIef;rsm; &Sdonf/
84
(u) urÇm? 6;6/ 8;21 ]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESvkH;ü emusifonf}} a[m? 11;8-9
üvnf; Munfhyg/
(c) w&m;? 4;19/ 6;5 ]]ESvkH;t<uif;rJh? 0dnmOf (soul) t<uif;rJh}}
(*) w&m;? 10;16 ]]ta&zsm;rvSD;aom ESvkH;}} a&mr? 2;29
(C) a,Z? 18;31-32 ]]ESvkH;topf}}
(i) a,Z? 36;26 ]]ESvkH;topf}} - ]]ausmufESvkH;}}
1;25 ]]bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;ukd rkomESifhvJMuonf}} ¤if;ukdenf;vrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh
em;vnfEkdifonf/
1/ vlom;tm; bk&m;tjzpf ukd;uG,fjcif; (2 ouf? 2;4? 11)
2/ rdrdvkyfonfht&m - ½kyfwktm; ukd;uG,fjcif; (a[&Sm? 44;20/ a,Z? 13;25/ 16;19)/
t&mcyfodrf;tm; zefqif;ol YHWHtm; tpm;xkd; (18-23)
3/ {0Ha*vdESifhqkdifaom or®mw&m;tm; vlu tqkH;pGefjiif;qefjcif; (a,m? 14;17/ 1 a,m?
2;21?27)/ eHygwf 2 rSm toifhawmfqkH;jzpfonf/
]]ukd;uG,fí tapcHonf}} vlom;ü bk&m;rsm; tpOftjywf&Sdrnfom jzpfonf/
vlom;rSefvQif rdrdwkdY vufvSrf;rrSDaom wpkHwa,muf? or®mw&m;wpfckck (0g)
t&mwpfckck&SdaMumif; cHpm;od&Sdonf/
]]tNrJxm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;oljzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif}} aygvkonf *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\
aumif;csD;ay;jcif;wpfck jyif;xefpGm cHpm;ajymxGufvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm olYtaMumif;
tvGefxif&Sm;aprIwpfck jzpfonf/ (a&m? 9;5/ 2 aum? 11;31)/ aygvkonf pma&;&if;
qkawmif;avh&Sdonf/ (9;5/ 11;36/ 15;33/ 16;27)
]]tNrJxm0&}} atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ tNrJxm0& (*&d tD'D,H)
tjcm;*&dtD'D,H toHk;tEIef;wpfckrSm ]]acwftqufquf - unto the ages}} jzpfonf
(vk? 1;33? a&m? 1;25/ 11;36? 16;27/ *vm? 1;5? 1 wd? 1;17)/ ¤if;onf a[NAJ olam udk
xif[yfay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonyms of the
Old Testament, pp. 319-321 ESifh "r®a[mif; txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]tNrJxm0&
(‘Olam)}} wdkYudkMunfhyg/ tjcm;qufpyfrI&Sdaom pum;pkrsm;rSm ]]unto age - acwfumv}} (r?
21;19/ rm? 11;14/ vk? 1;55/ a,m? 6;58/ 8;35/ 12;34/ 13;8/ 14;16/ 2aum? 9;9)wGif
]]of the age of the ages}} - urÇmtqufqufrS urÇmtqufquf}} ({? 3;21)/ *&dtD'D,H
]]forever - tNrJxm0&}}ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&SdyHk ray:acs/ trsm;jyudef; "ages" onf
85
]]trsm;udef;jyKíxl;jrwfapjcif; "the plural of majesty" ac: *sK;q&mBuD;rsm;toHk;jyKonfh
wifpm;jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf *sK;vlrsKd;wdkY\½IjrifyHkt& acwfumvûyfurÇm
trsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]qdk;oGrf;jcif;uyfurÇm?}} ]]vmvwHhaomuyfurÇm}} ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfurÇm}}
wdkYudk ñTef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
]]tmrif}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tmrif (Amen)
1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
u/ ]]tmrif}}ac: a0g[m&rSm atmufyga[NAJpum;vHk;rsm;rS vmonf/
1/ ]]or®mw&m;}} (emeth, BDB49)
2/ ]]or®mw&m;usjcif;}} (emun, emunah, BDB53)
3/ ]],HkMunfjcif;(0g) opöm&Sdjcif;}}
4/ ]]udk;pm;onf}} (dmn, BDB52)
c/ ¤if;\pum;vHk;rl&if;teufrSm vlwpfa,muf\ cE¨mudk,f&yfwnfrIckdifjrJjcif;jzpfonf/
qefYusifbufrSm rckdifNrJaom? acsmfvJaom[líjzpfayvdrfhrnf (w&m;? 28;64-67?
38;16? qmvH 40;2? 73;18? a,? 23;12) odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdjcif; (qm? 73;2)/
þtoHk;tEIef;rS wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonfh opöm&Sdonf - faithful, tm;udk; ,HkMunf
xkdufonf - trustworthy, opömapmifhonf - loyal ESifh dependable –
rSDcdkxkdufonf pojzifh jzpfvmonf (u? 15;16? [A? 2;24)/
*/ txl;toHk;tEIef;rsm;
1/ wdkifwpfwdkif - 4 "r®? 18;16 (1wd 3;15)
2/ pdwfcsaocsmjcif; - xG? 17;12
3/ wnfNidrfjcif; - xG? 17;12
4/ ckdifNrJjcif; - a[&Sm? 33;6/ 34;5-7/
5/ rSefuef - 3"r®? 10;6/ 17;24/ 22;16/ ok? 12;22/
6/ NrJNrH - 2&m? 20;20/ a[&Sm? 7;9
7/ rSDcdkxdkuf (ynwfusrf; - Torah) qmvH? 119;43? 142? 151? 168/
C/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü vIyf&Sm;rI&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf tjcm; a[NAJa0g[m&
ESpfvHk;oHk;onf/
1/ bathach (BDB105) tm;udk;
2/ yra (BDB 431) aMumufonf? ½dkaoonf? udk;uG,fonf (u? 22;12)/
i/ ,HkMunftm;udk;onf (0g) tm;udk;xkdufonf[laom oabmrSonf wjcm;olwpfOD;\
az:jycsufrSefuefaMumif;? ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufaMumif; twnfjyK&eftoHk;jyKonfh
bk&m;&Sdcdk;? qkawmif;pmtoHk;tEIef;jzpfvmonf (w&m;? 27;15-26? ae? 8;6? qmvH
41;13? 70;19? 89;52? 106;48)/
86
p/ þa0g[m&twGuf "r®ynmqdkif&maomhcsufrSm vlom;\opöm&SdrIudkaz:jyonf (xG?
34;6/ w&m;? 32;4/ qm? 108;4/ 115;1/ 117;2/ 138;2)/ usqif;aomvlom;\
wpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifh&mrSm y#dnmOfw&m;udk apmifhxdef;aom YHWH \
*½kPmESifhjynfh0aom opöm&SdrIESifh ol\uwdawmfrsm;jzpfonf ([A? 2;4)/ or®musrf;pm
[lonf bk&m;ocifu rdrd\o@mefawmftm; (u? 1;26-27) vlom;txJüjyefvnf
az:aqmifjcif;ordkif;ESifh rSwfwrf;jzpfonf/
2/ "r®opfusrf;/
u/ az:jyajymqdkcsufwpf&yf\ ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufjcif;tm; twnfjyKjcif;jzpfonfh
qkawmif; 0wfjyKjcif;qdkif&m tqHk;owfpum;tjzpf "r®opfusrf;ütoHk;jyKonf (1aum?
14;16? 2aum? 1;20? Asm? 1;7? 5;14? 7;12)/
c/ qkawmif;csufwpf&yftm; tqHk;owfjcif;a0g[m&tjzpf "r®opfusrf;üoHk;onf (a&m?
1;25? 9;5? 11;36? 16;27? *v? 1;5? 6;18? {? 3;21? zd? 4;20? 2ouf? 3;18? 1wd?
1;17? 6;16? 2wd 4;18)/
*/ t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom ajymqdkrIrsm;tpjyK&ef þa0g[m&udkoHk;olrSm (a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü
ESpfcgxyfoHk;avh&Sdonf)/ a,½IomvQifjzpfonf (vk? 4;24? 12;37? 18;17? 29? 21;32?
23;43)/
C/ a,½I\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;tjzpf Asm? 3;14ü oHk;onf (a[&Sm? 65;16 rS YHWH
\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;jzpfEkdifonf)/
i/ opöm&Sdjcif;(0g) ,HkMunfjcif;? ,HkMunftm;udk;jcif; (0g) tm;udk;jcif;oabmwdkYudk
*&da0g[m& pistos (0g) pistis jzifh az:jyNyD;? t*FvdyfbmomodkY trust tm;udk;onf? faith - ,HkMunfudk;pm;onf? believe - ,HkMunfonf[lí
bmomjyefqdkonf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf;/ / 1;26-27
26
þtaMumif;aMumifh bkk&m;ocifonf olwdkYtm; ,kwfnhHaom udavom wyfrufjcif;ü
tyfapvkdufawmfrl\/
taMumif;rlum;
olwdkY\
rdef;rrsm;onf
obm0usifhxkH;udk
27
a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf; rdef;rESifh
obm0r[kwfaom usifhxkH;jzifh vJvS,fMuum
obm0usifhxkH;udk pGefYvGwfvsuf a,musmf ;om; tcsif;csif; udavom rufarmaom
pdwfylavmifMuum? rzG,fr&maom tjyK tusifhrsm; vGefusL;Muojzifh rdrdwkdY\ rSm;,Gif;rI'Pfudk
olwdkYukd,fwdkif cHpm;Mu\/
87
1;26-27 vdifwl qufqHjcif;onf zefqif;jcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ &Sif;vif;ay:vGifaom tvdkawmf
(yGg;rsm;Muavmh) rS aoGzDaom toufwm\ Oyrm wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tjypfwpfckjzpfNyD;
,Ofaus;rI xGef;um;jcif;\ t"du jyóem wpf&yfvnf;jzpfonf/
1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;xJü (0wf?18;22/ 20;13/ w&m; 23;18)
2/ *&d- a&mrurÇmü (1 aum 6;9/ 1wd 1;10)
3/ uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfü
vdifwlqufqHjcif;taMumif;wpfckvHk;;onf urÇmOD;usrf; 1-3udk OD;wnfaeojzifh
usqif;jcif;b0\ Oyrmwpfcktjzpf xnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
vlom;udk bk&m;ocif\
oP²mefawmfESifh tnDzefqif;onf/(u? 1;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6)/vlom;udk a,mufsm;?rdef;r
zefqif;onf/ (u? 1;27)/ bk&m;ocif\trdefYawmfrSm rsm;jym;í wdk;yGm;&efjzpfonf/ (u? 1;28/
9;1?7)/ vlom;\usqif;jcif;onf (urÇmOD; 3) bk&m;ocif\tpDtpOfESifh tvdkawmfudk
acszsufypfvdkufonf/ vdifwlqufqHjcif;onf ay:vGifaom azmufzsufrIwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf
þusrf;ydk'füazmfjyonfrSm
þtjypfwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif
r[kwfaMumif;udk
vnf;odxm;&efjzpfonf (i,f? 29-31)/ tjypftm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;rS
vlom;cGJxkwf cH&aMumif;ESifh olwdkYESifh xdkufwefaom jypf'Pfudk azmfjyonf/ tjypftm;vHk;?
txl;ojzifh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfvmaom (tusifh tjzpfpGJjrJaeaaom) tjypfudk bk&m;ocif
&GH&Smrkef;wD;vSonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m;/
/vdifwlqufqHjcif;/
vdifwlqufqHjcif;tm;
pdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fEdkifaom
touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfrsKd;
tjzpfvufcH&ef acwfopf,Ofaus;rI\ BuD;rm;aomzdtm;ay;jcif;&Sdaeygonf/ ¤if;onfrdrd\
zefqif;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfr[kwfaom? ysufpD;onfh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHtjzpf
or®musrf;pmu jypf'Pf pD&ifonf/
1/ ¤if;onf rsm;jym;íyGm;rsm;&ef urÇmOD; 1 &Sd trdefYawmftm;csKd;azmufonf/
2/ ¤if;onf omoemyudk;uG,frIESifh ,Ofaus;rI\ trSwftom;jzpfonf/ (0wf 18;22/
20;13/ a&mr 1;26-27 ESifh,k'&)
3/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocifESifh vTwfuif;um rdrdudk,frdrd A[dkjyKjcif;tm; azmfjyonf (1aum
6;9-10)/
rnfodkYjzpfap ykefuefwwfaom vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf bk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmfESifh
tjypfvTwf
jcif;tm;
þtaMumif;t&m
tNyD;rowfrD?
Mum;nSyfazmfjyyg&ap/
uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;onf tjypfjyKolrsm;omvQifjzpfaMumif;tm;axmuf&Ivsuf? c&pf,mefrsm;onf
þtjypfusL;vGefolrsm;tm; rkef;wD;&efESifh olwkdYtay: rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;jyKydkifcGifhr&Sdacs/
þtjypftm;
tjyif;txef½Iwfcsjcif;xuf
qkawmif;jcif;?
pdk;&drfaMumifhusrI&Sdjcif;?
oufaocHjcif;ESifh u½kPmoufjcif;wdkYonf ydktusKdk;jzpfxGef;aponf/ EIwfuywfawmfESifh
0dnmOfawmftwGuf
vrf;zGifhay;ygu?
jypfwif½Iwfcsjcif;u@tm;
jyKvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
þtjypfwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQifr[kwfbJ?
vdifrIqdkif&mjypfrIwdkif;onf
bk&m;ociftwGuf
88
&GH&SmzG,f&m jzpfojzifh w&m;pD&ifrIcH&ygonf/ vdifpdwf[lonf vlom;rsm;\ aumif;usKd;?
0rf;ajrmufrIESifh wnfjidrfaom vlYtzJGUtpnf;jzpfap&ef bk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmifrGef
jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifay;onfh tpGrf;xufaom þESifwHonf ykefuefjcif;?
twÅqefjcif;? taysmftyg;vdkufjcif;? ]]b,favmufyJay;&ay;& ightwGufomvQif trsm;qkH;}}
[kqdkum touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtjzpfodkY ajymif;vJoGm;avh&Sdonf (a&m 8;1-8/ *v 6;7-8)/
NASB(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;28-32
28
bk&m;ociftm;qufvuf 0efcHodrSwfoifhonf[k olwdkY rodjrifMuawmhonfESifhtnD?
bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYtm;? roifhavsmfaom xdkt&mrsm;jyK&ef ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aom
pdwfxJvTwfvdkuf awmfrlojzifh 29rajzmifhrwfjcif;rsKd;pHk? qdk;oGrf;jcif;? avmbBuD;jcif;? qdk;,kwfjcif;?
remvdkrIESifh jynfhpHkjcif;? vlYtoufudkowfjcif;? cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;;jcif;? vSnfhpmjcif;? jiLpljcif;?
twif;tzsif;ajymjcif; 30olwyg;taMumif; rrSefowif;ajymolrsm;? bk&m;ocifudkrkef;wD;olrsm;?
rxDav;pm;jyKolrsm;? rme axmifvTm;olrsm;? 0g<um;olrsm;? qdk;oGrf;rIzefwD;olrsm;? rdbrsm;tm;
remcHolrsm;? 31odem;vnfwwf jcif;r&Sdolrsm;? ,HkMunftm;udk;ír&olrsm;? rcspfwwfaomolrsm;?
aus;Zl;*½kPmuif;olrsm;jzpfMu\/ 32xdkodkYaomt&mrsm;jyKusifholonf aojcif;cHxdkufolrsm;
jzpfonf[laom bk&m;ocif\pD&ifawmfrl csufudk odMuaomfvnf; rddrdwkdYudk,fwdkif xdkenf;wl
jyKMu½Hkomru? xdkt&mwdkYudk usifholrsm;tm; wuf<upGm axmufcHMuayao;onf/
1;28-31 þtydk'frSm *&dusrf;ü 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf vlom;rsm;rSm ykefuefaom
usqif;aom? vGwfvyfaomolrsm; jzpfaMumif;jyonf (a&m 13;13/ 1aum 5;11/ 6;9/ *v
5;19-21/ {? 5;5/ 1wd 1;10/ Asm 21;8)/
vlom;\ tjypfrSm bk&m;ocifrygbJ &Sdae&ef a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ i&JrD;tdkifqdkonfrSm
xdkodkYaomwnf&SdrItm; xm0&jzpfaponf/ vGwfvyfrI[lonf tqdk;jzifhtqkH;owfaom
t&mjzpfonf/ vlü bk&m;ocifvkdtyfonf/ vlonf bk&m;ocifrygvQif aysmufqkH;aeol
oifavsmfvkHavmufjcif;r&Sdol? pkHvifjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/ xm0&i&JrD;tdkif\ tqdk;0g;qkH;aom
t&mrSm bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfrIr&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf/
1;29 ]],kd,Gif;ysufpD;apaompdwf}} usqif;aomvlom;jrif&onfh vGwfvyfjcif;rSm rdrdudk,frdrfd
udk;uG,fjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]]wpHkw&mESifh t&mcyfodrf; ightwGufomvQif}} qdkonfh
pdwf"gwfjzpfonf/ þtjyKcH Bud,m\ uHyk'frSm 1;24? 26? 28 wdkYü azmfjyonfhtwdkif;
bk&m;ocif jzpfaomfvnf; þusrf;ydk'fESifh urÇmOD; 1-3 wdkY\ qufpyfrSt&? jyóem
jzpfyGm;apaom w&m;cHvufonfrSm vlom;u todynmESifh twÅtm; a&G;cs,frI
omvQifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdzefqif;aom
owÅ0grsm;tm;
rdrdwdkY\
udk,fydkifa&G;cs,frIESifh rdrdwdkY\ pdwfBudKuf vGwfvyfrIaMumifh jzpfvmaom tusdK;qufudk udk,fwdkif
cHpm;aponf/
89
]]ESifh jynfhpHkonf}}/ þpum;pkrSmvnf; tjyKcHBud,m Perfect Passive Participle
jzihf zGJYpnf;jcif; jzpfonf/ ]]ESifhjynfhpHkapjcif;cH&onf}} [lí jzpf\/ vlom;wdkYü rdrd t&Snf
MumqHk;awG;aomt&m
tjynfh&SdNyD;?
¤if;t&mudkyif
ay:vGifxif&Sm;apMuonf/
*sL;bmomq&mBuD;rsm;u vlom;wdkif;\ ESvHk;xJü acG;rJwpfaumif (tqdk; yetzer) ESihf
acG;jzLwpfaumif (taumif; yetzer) &Sdonf/ trsm;qHk; tpmauR;jcif;cH&aom taumifonf
tBuD;qHk;jzpfvmonf[k qdkMuonf/
1;29-31
¤if;wdkYrSm
bk&m;ocifrygaom
b0toufwm\
&vm'frsm;ESfh
vu©Pmrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;or®musrf;pmxJu azmfjyaom bk&m;ociftm; jiif;qefbdkYol
vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;wdkYü xif&Sm;onf/ ¤if;rSm aygvkjyKpkonfh tjypfpm&if;rsm;teuf
wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/ (1aum? 5;11/ 6;9/ 2 aum? 12;20/ *v? 5;19-21/ {? 4;31/ 5;34/ aum? 3;5-9)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/"r®opfusrf;xJuyg&Sdaom qdk;npfjcif;rsm;ESifh aumif;jrwfjcif;rsm;
"r®opfusrf;ü qdk;npf,kwfrmrIrsm;ESifh tusifhoDvaumif;jrwfrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;yg&Sdonf/
¤if;wdkYonf ynwfawmfESifh *&d,Ofaus;rI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;tm; xif[yfay:vGifaponf/
aumif;jrwfrIrsm;
--a&m? 12;9-21
--1 aum? 6;6-9
2 aum? 6;4-10
*v? 5;22-23
----zd? 4;8-9
aum? 3;12-14
----2 wd? 2;22?24
wd? 1;8-9/ 3;1-2
,m? 3;17-18
1 ay? 4;7-11
2 ay? 1;5-8
---
qdk;npfrIrsm;
1/ aygvk
a&m? 1;28-32
a&m? 13;13
1 aum? 5;9-11
1 aum? 6;10
2 aum? 12;20
*v? 5;19-21
{? 4;25-32
{? 5;3-5
--aum? 4;5?8
1 wd? 1;9-10
1 wd? 6;4-5
2 wd? 2;22?23
wd? 1;7? 3;3
2/ ,mukyf ,m? 3;15-16
3/ ayw½k 1 ay? 4;3
2 ay? 1;9
4/ a,m[ef Asm? 21;8/ 22;15
90
1;30 ]]rmeaxmifvTm;}} ¤if;rSm *&dpum;vHk; huperēphanous jzpfonf/ (atmufwGif Munfhyg)
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ ]]HUPER}} aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk
tajccHtm;jzihf ]]tay:-over}} (odkY) ]]txuf- upper}} [lí t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom *&d0dbwf
huper udk toHk;jyKum pum;vHk;opfrsm; xGifjcif;udk aygvk txl;0goemxHkonf/ ydkifqdkifrI
oabmtwGuf okH;onffhtcg ]]bufü}} "in behalf of" [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ]]taMumif;;}} (0g)
]]ESifhqdkifí}} [lí vnf; t"dyÜg,f&SdEdkifonf/ (peri pum;vkH;uJhodkY/ 2aum 8;23/ 2ouf 2;1)/
jyKvkyfjcif;cHoltjzpf (ACCUSSATIVE) okH;onfhtcg]]txufü above, over" (odkY) ]]
wbufurf;ü^ tvGefü above, beyond [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (A.T. Robertson \ A
Grammar of the Greek Neew Tesstament in the Light of Historical
Research, pp. 625-633.) aygvkonf t,ltqwpf&yftm; tav;teufjyKvdkonfhtcg
þ0dbufudk aygif;pyfpum;vkH; tjzpf (compound) okH;avh&Sdonf/ atmufygpm&if;rSm
þ0dbuftm; aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm;tjzpf aygvktxl;wvnf tokH;jyKykHjzpfonf/
u/ apax legomenon ("r®opfusrf;üom okH;onf)
1/ Huperakmos, b0 \ tawmufyqkH;tcsdefukefvGefonf 1aum 7;36
2/ HuperauxanŌ, tvGefw&mwdk;yGg; 2 ouf 1;3
3/ HuperbainŌ, ajcvSrf;ausmfonf? csKd;azgufonf 1ouf 4;6
4/ Huperkeina tvGefwGif 2aum 10;6
5/ Huperekteina, tvGeftuRHwdk;csJUonf 2 aum 10;14/
6/ HuperentugchanŌ, Mum;0ifonf a&m 8;26/
7/ HupernikaŌ, tjynfUt0atmifjrifonf/ a&m 8;37
8/ HuperpleonazŌ, tvGefw&m ayg<u,fonf 1wd 1;14
9/ HuperupsoŌ, tcsKyftcsmtjzpf csD;jrSifhonf zd 2;9
10/ HuperphroneŌ vlaejcKH? Mum;?pdwfaebHk zsm;[laom tawG;rsKd; a&m 12;3
c/ aygvk\ pmta&;tom;rsm;üom okH;aompum;vkH;rsm;
1/ Huperairomai, rdrdudk,fudk csD;ajrSmuf 2aum 12;7/ 2 ouf 2;4
91
2/
HuperballontŌs,
twdkifxuftvGef?tvGeftrif;
2aum?
11;23/
(þae&mütxl;jyK Mud,m (adverb) txl;jyKtjzpfokH;jyD;? Mud,mtjzpftokH;jyKonfrSm
2aum 3;10/ 9;14/ { 1;19/ 2;7/3;19)
3/ Huperbolē, tvGeftuRHypfjcif;? omrefxufvGefuJaom vufeufwyfqifjcif;/ a&m
7;13/ 1aum 12;31// 2aum 1;8/ 4;7?17/ 22;7/ *v? 1;13
4/ Huperekperissou
twdkif;tqtm;vkH;udk ausmfvGefí { 3;20/ 1ouf 3;10/
5;13
5/ Huperlian
tjrifhqkH;'D*&D (0g) tjcm;tm;vkH;xufykdí MuD;jrifhaom 2aum
11;5/ 12;11
6/ Huperochē, xif&Sm;aom? xl;jrwfaom? 1aum 2;1/ 1wd 2;2
7/ HuperperisseuŌ, tvGefayg<u,fonf a&m 5;20/ vGefpGmjynfhaom MIDDLE
VOICE 2aum 7;4)
*/ aygvktokH;jyKjyD;? tjcm;"r®opfusrf;jyKolrsm;uvnf; tenf;i,fokH;Muonf/
1/ HuperanŌ, txuft&yf\ tpGeftzsm;?{ 1;21/ 4;10 ESifh a[jAJ? 9;5
2/ HuperechŌ, xl;jrwfaom? tm;vkH;xufykdí MuD;jrifhaom? a&m? 13;1/ zd? 2;3/ 3;8/
4;7/ 1ay? 2;13
3/ Huperēphanos [efaqmifjciff; (0g) armufrmjcif;/ a&m? 1;30/ 2wd? 3;2 ESifh vk
1;51/ ,m 4;6/ 1ay? 5;5
aygvkonf tvGefvdIufvdIufvSJvSJ&Sdwwfolwpfa,mufjzpffonff/ t&m0w¬Krsm;
(0g)
vlrsm;onff aumif;onffhtcg tvGefaumif;MujyD;? qdk;onfhtcgüvnf; tvGefqdk;oGm;Muonf/
tjypf? twÅ? c&pfawmfESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;rsm;taMumif; rdrd\tjrifhrm;qkH;aom pdwfwGif;
cHpm;rIrsm;udk þ0dbwfwJGrsm;onf aygvktm; azmfjyEdkifpGrf;&Sdaponf/
1;32 ]]xdkodkYaom t&mrsm; jyKusifholonf aojcif;cHxkdufolrsm;jzpfonf/}} þazmfjyjcif;onf
arma&S\ ynwfw&m;udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ ¤if;udk a&m 6;16? 21?23/ 8;6? 13 wkdYü
tusOf;csKH;azmfjyonf/ aojcif;w&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf? bk&m;ocif\
toufwdkUESifhqefYusifaom t&mjzpfonf/ (aZ, 18;32/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;6)
]]xkdt&mwdkYudk usifholrsm;tm; wuf<upGm axmufcHMuayao;onf/}} MuD;rm;aom
qif;&J'ku©onff taygif;tazmfudk ESpfoufaponf/ usqif;aom vlom;onf tjcm;olrsm;\
tjypfrsm;udk rdrdukd,f rdrdcGifhvTwf&ef taMumif;jycsuftjzpf tokH;jyKum ]]vlwdkif;
92
vkyfaewmyJav}} [kqdkwwfMuonf/ xkH;wrf;"avhrsm;onf olwdkY\ oD;jcm;;tjypfrsm;udk
xif&Sm;aponf/
aqG;aEG&efar;cGef;rsm;
þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkU teufzGifh&aMumif; vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif;jzpfonff/
qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fydkifteufzGifh&mü rdrd\ wm0efjzpfonff[k qdkvdkonf/
uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sx
d m;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&aayrnf/
or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm
y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;
tay:üom ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
þusrf;\þtydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm; tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&efyhHydk;zdkUjzpfonf tjynfhtpkH r[kwfbJ pOff;pm;
qifjcifrItm; EdI;qGay;jcif;omvQif jzpfygonf/
1/ aygvkonf a&mrtoif;awmftm; tb,fhaMumifh pma&;oenf;/
2/ c&pf,meftaMumif;azmfjy&mü a&mrMo0g'pmonf "r®ynmt&tb,faMumifh þrQ
ta&;yg oenf;/
3/ 1;18rS 3;20 udk rdrdudk,fydkifpum;jzifh tusOf;csKH;yg/
4/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rMum;cJhbl; olrsm;onf c&pfawmfudk udk;pm;jcif;rjyKrlaMumifh
jiif;qefjcif; cHMuOD;rnfvm;/
5/]]obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif;}} ESifh ]]txl;zGifhjyjcif;}} wdkU\ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIwdkUudk &Sif;jyyg/
6/ bk&m;ocifrygaom vlUb0taMumif;&Sif;vif;a&;om;azmfjyyg/
7/ ti,f 24-27ü vdifwlqufqHjcif;taMumif;ajymygovm;/
93
a&mr 2
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;
UBS4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
aom w&m;pD&ifrI
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
aomw&m;pD&ifrI
w&m;pD&if
cHaom*sL;rsm;
bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifrI
*sL;wdkUonf bk&m;
ocif\jypf'PfESifhrvGwf
2;1-16
*sL;rsm;ESifhynwfawmf
2;1-16
*sL;wdkUonf wyg;
trsKd;rsm;enf;wltjypf½Sd
2;1-11
w&m;pD&ifrI
\tajccH
2;1-16
*sL;rsm;ESifh
ynwfawmf
(2;17-3;8)
2;1-11
ynwfawmfonf
olwdkUudku,frnf
r[kwf
2;12-16
2;17-3;8
2;17-24
2;12-16
2;17-24
2;17-24
2;17-24
2;25-29
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
onfolwdkUudk
u,frnfr[kwf
2;25-29
tusKd;r½Sdaomta&zsm;
vSD;jcif;
2;25-29
2;25-29
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm
xi
½I)
rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf &nf½G,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif;
¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif
teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm;
&efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm
y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef
r[kwfacs/
þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\
taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/
¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü
taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
94
a&mr 2;1 - 3;20 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ tcef;BuD; 2 ESifh 3 onf 1;18 ü tpjyKaom pmpkudk tqHk;owfjynfhpHkaponf/ þtydkif;ü atmufyg
taMumif;t&mwdkUudk azmfjyonf/
1/ vlom;wpf&yfvHk; vrf;aysmufolrsm;jzpfaMumif;
2/ tjypftay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrI
3/ wpfOD;csif;\,HkMunfrIESifh tjypfrSaemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh vlom;ü c&pfawmftm;jzifh&½Sdaom bk&m;o
cif\ajzmifhrwfrIvdktyfjcif;
c/ tcef;BuD; 2 ü bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrIESifhqdkifaom ed,rckepfck½Sdonf
1/ or®mw&m;ESifhtnD ti,f 2
2/ tjypftm; pkaqmif;odk rSD;xm;jcif; - ti,f 5
3/ tusifhudkvdkufí w&m;pD&ifjcif; - i,f 6 ESifh 7
4/ vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh rsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sd - i,f 11
5/ touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH - ti,f 13
6/ vlUESvHk;om;xJ½Sd rxif½Sm;aomvQKdU0Sufcsufrsm; - i,f 16
7/ vlrsKd;tvdkuf txl;oD;oefU[lír½Sd - ti,f 17-29
*/ tcef;BuD; 2;1-17onf rnfolUtm;&nfnTef;aMumif; teufzGifhusrf;jyKpkolrsm;ü aqG;aEG;rIrsm;pGm ½Sdonf/
2;12-29 onf *sL;rsm;tm;nTef;qdkaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ ti,f 1-17 onf omoemyvl (*sL;r[kwf
olrsm;)udk,fusihfw&m;orm;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\vlrIusifhxHk;qdkif&m pHrsm;enf;wl*sL;trsKd;om;rsm; (arma½S\
ynwådusrf;)udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/
C/ 1;18-21ü aygvkonf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;Ekdifonf[k
tcdkiftrmajymonf/ vltm;vHk;ü bk&m;ocifay;aom twGif;pdwftm;jzifh udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m tqdk;
taumif; cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaompdwf½Sdonf[k 2;14-15üvnf; aygvktckdiftrmajymonf/ þt&mESpfck
jzpfonfh zefqif;aomt&mrsm;ESifh tqkd;taumif; ydkif;jcm;wwfaompdwfonf "r®a[mif;usrf;(0g)
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rsm; rMum;od&olrsm;yifjzpfap? vlom;wdkif;tm; bk&m;ocifjypf'PfpD&ifjcif;
twGuf tajccHrsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrdtaumif;qHk;&½Sdaom tvif;w&m;ESifhtnD toufr½Sif
Mujcif;tay: wm0efudk,fpD½SdMuayonf/
pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / 2;1-11
1
oifwdkUonf olwyg;tm; ppfaMumpD&ifonfhtwdkif; oifwdkUudk,fwdkifjyKonfjzpfí? olwyg;udk
ppfaMumpD&ifonfhtwdkif;yif rdrdudk,frdrd jypf'PfpD&if&ma&muf\/ 2xdkodkUjyKaom olwdkUtay:
bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif; rSefuefpGmusa&mufonfudk igwdkUod&Mu\/ 3xdkodkUaomtrI
wdkYudk jyKaomolwdkUtm; ppfaMumpD&ifaom tdk? toifvlom;onf olwdkUenf;wl jyKusifhonfwGif
4
bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrl jcif;ESifhvTwfrnf[k xifrSwfoavm/ odkUr[kwf bk&m;ocif\
oem;awmfrljcif;onf oifhtm; aemifw&apjcif;iSg? vrf;jyaeonfudkrod½SdbJ? <u,f0aom oem;
awmfrljcif;ESifhonf;cH? pdwf½Snfawmfrljcif;udk ayghayghwefwef rSwf,loavm/ 5odkUaomf oif\
95
acgif;rmjcif;ESifh aemifwr&aompdwfESvHk;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESihf ajzmifhrwfaom
w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif; xif½Sm;aomaeUtwGuf trsufawmfudk odkrSD;aejcif;jzpfonf/ 6bk&m;ocif
7
onf vlwdkif;tm; rdrdwdkU\vkyfa qmifrIESifhtnD tusKd;tjypfay;awmfrlvdrfh rnf/ bkef;toa&ESifh
razgufjyef rysufpD;jcif;udk½Smum? aumif;aomt&mudk pGJNrJpGmvkyfaqmifolwdkUtm; xm0&touf
udkay;awmfrlvwHh/ 8odkUaomf tvdkqE´jyif;xefí or®mw&m;udkremcHbJ rw&m;aomt&mudk emcH
9
olwdkYonf a'goESifhtrsufawmfcH&vdrfhrnf/ raumif;rIudkjyKaomolwdkif;onf yxrOD;pGm *sL;
vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;yg qif;&J'ku©ESifha0'emcHpm;Muvdrfhrnf/ 10odkUaomf aumif;aom
t&mjyKvkyfolrsm;tm; yxrOD;pGm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;yg bkef;toa&ESifhNidrf
oufjcif; cHpm;MuvwåHU/ 11taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufawmfrrl/
2;1
NASB ]]ol w yg;ud k ppf a MumpD & if w wf o l ? oif o nf qif j cif a y;p&mtaMumif ; r½S d E d k i f & m/}}
NKJV ]]ppf a MumpD & if o l toif v l o m;? oif h t m; cG i f h v T w f p &mtaMumif ; r½S d E d k i f & m/}}
NRSV ]]ol w yg;tm; ppf a MumpD & if o l r nf o l r qd k qif j cif a y;p&mtaMumif ; r½S d E d k i f & m/}}
TEV ]]oif o nf ol w yg;tm;ppf a Mumojzif h oif r nf o l j zpf a p cG i f h v T w f p &mtaMumif ; vH k ; 0r½S d E d k i f & m/}}
NJB ]]oif rnf o l j zpf a p? ppf a MumpD & if y gu qif j cif a y;p&mtaMumif ; r½S d / }}
]]w&m;0ifckcHumuG,f ydkifcGifhr½Sd}}[líjzpfonf (1;20)/ ¤if;\qdkvdk&if;tm; txl;jyKonfhtaejzifh rl&if;
*&d0gusü ¤if;udk a½SUüxm;½Sdonf/ ti,f 1-16 onf olwdkUudk,folwdkU ajzmifhrwfolrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lol *sL;
vlrsKd; ynwfw&m;orm;rsm;ESifh usifh0wfodu©morm;jzpfol *&dvlrsKd; (*sL;r[kwfolrsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf)
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;ESihf oufqdkifae[ef½Sdonf/ tjcm;olrsm;tay: ppfaMumpD&ifrIjyKjcif;jzifh olwdkUudk,folwdkU jypf'Pf
pD&ifMuonf/
þpum;pkudkyif 1;20 üoHk;aomfvnf; emrfpm;jzpfonfh ]]olwdkY}}onf þae&m]]oifwdkU}}jzpfaeonf/
aygvkonf tjypfom;^qefUusifykefuefolrsm; trsKd;rsKd;tm; &nfnTef;ajymqdkaMumif; odomonf/ xdktrsKd;
tpm;rsm;teufwpfrsKd;ü oludk,fwdkifonf wpfcsdefuyg0ifcJhonf/
þae&mü jyóemESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;udk jiif;qefjcif;ESifh uajymifujyefjyKjcif;
2/ ¤if;udkyif pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; ozG,fjzpfoGm;apum? ppfaMumpD&ifrIjyKjcif;ESifh rdrdudk,frdrd ajzmifhrwf
oltjzpf ,lq&eftaMumif; jzpfoGm;apjcif;wdkUjzpfonf/
xdkUjyif tcef;BuD;wpfu ]]olwdkU}}onf 12;1-8ü ]]oifwdkU}} jzpfvmaMumif;udkvnf; odrSwfyg/ *sL;vlrsKd;
ESifh*&dvlrsKd;rSonf 2;9-11 ü ]]vlom;wdkif;}}[lí wpfurÇmvHk;tm; vTrf;jcHKvmonf/ uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtkyfpk
rsm;(ESpfrsKd; odkUr[kwf oHk;rsKd;)½Sdaomfvnf; tqHk;üuGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;r½SdyJ? tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf w&m;pD&if
jcif;cHMuonfomjzpf\/ (3;23)
2;2 ]]igwdkUod&Mu\/}}þemrfpm;onf aygvk\trsKd;om;csif;*sL;rsm;udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifaomfvnf;
c&pf,mefrsm;udk qdkvdkjcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ tcef;i,f 2-4 ü aygvkonf olvkyfaeustwdkif;? tar;tajz
wpfpHk jyefíxkwfjyonf/ ¤if;udk jypfwifa0zefaompm (Oyrm? ti,f 1-11/ 17-19)[kac:NyD;? jiif;cHkolwpf
OD;ar;cGef;xkwfvkdufjcif;yHkpHjzifh or®mw&m;wpf&yftm; wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;yHkpHudk [AÁuúK? rmvcdESifh
*sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;enf;wl *&dawG;ac:½Sifrsm; (Socrates (qdkua&;wD;) ESifh Stoics *dkPf;om;rsm;) vnf;
toHk;jyKMuonf/
96
]]igwdkUod&Mu\}}[laompum;pkudk a&mrMo0g'pmü tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (2;2/ 3;19/ 7;14/ 8;;22?
28/) tcef;BuD;wpfxJu udk,fusihfw&m;ysufjym;aom omoemyvlrsm;uJhodkUr[kwfbJ? ol\w&m;emy&dowf
wdkUonf twdkif;twmwpfcktxd od½Sdxm;Muonf[k aygvkrSwf,lxm;onf/
]]þtaMumif ; t&mud k
or®musrf;pmü ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/}}bk&m;ocifonf tcrJhqkvufaqmif
tjzpf ay;aomtouftwGuf vlom;wdkif;onf bk&m;ocifxHawmfü tusKd;taMumif; ½Sif;vif;csufay;Mu&
rnfjzpfonf/ (i,f? 5-9/ róJ? 25;31-46/ Asm? 20;11-15)/ c&pf,mefrsm;yifvQif c&pfawmfa½SUarSmufü
&yfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (14;10-12/ 2aum? 5;10)/
2;3 w&m;a[majymjcif; twwfynmqdkif&m aygvkxkwfaomar;cGef;\o'´goabmonf]]r[kwf}}[laomtajz
udkarQmfvihfonf/
]]xif r S w f o avm}}¤if ; onf
*&dBud,m logizomai jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk aygvkrMumcPoHk;onf/ (a&mr?
2;3-26/ 3;28/ 4;3?4?5?6?8?9?10?11?22?23?24/ 6;11/ 8;18?36/ 9;8/ 14;14/ *vm 3;6/ 1ESifh2 aum&dEÅK
wdkUü tBudrfwpfq,fESifh zdvdyÜdü ESpfBudrf)/ 4;3 ESifh 8;18yg rSwfcsufrsm;üvnf;Munfhyg/

]]tdk? toifvlom;}}¤if;onf ti,fwpfu tD'D,HtoHk;tEIef;ESifhwpfoabmwnf;jzpfonf/ 9;20ü ¤if;
onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;ukdnTef;onf/
2;4 üvnf; ¤if;onf *&drl&if;wGif ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfonf/

NASB
NKJV, NRSV ]]aygh a ygh w ef w ef rS w f , l o avm}}
TEV, REB ]]txif a o;oavm}}
NJB
]]r½dkraojyKvsuf}}
NIV
]]txifao;rIjyo}}
NET
]]jcif;aMumifh txifao;}}
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;udk EdIif;,SOfMunfhonfhtcg bmomjyefq&mrsm;onf ta½SYtv,fydkif;bmom
pum;Bud,myHkpHrsKd; cHpm;rI&½SdMuonfudkawGU&onf/ ¤if;onf jyif;xefaomjiif;qefvdkjcif; a0g[m&wpfckjzpf
onf/ ¤if;toHk;jyKyHktm; atmufygwdkUüMunfhyg/
1/ a,½Iajymaompum;rsm; - róJ? 6;24/ 18;10
2/ aygvk-1aum? 11;22/ 1wd? 4;12/ 6;2
3/ a[NAJvlrsKd;rsm;-(a,½Itm;) 12;2
4/ ayw½k-2ay? 2;10
5/ wrefawmf-13;41 uemrfpum;vHk;
97

]]<u,f0 aomoem;awmfrljcif;ESifhonf;cH? pdwf½Snfawmfrljcif;}}vlom;wdkUonf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmf? *½kPmawmfESifh onf;cHawmfrljcif;wdkUudk rMumcPyif em;vnfrIvTJrSm;oGm;Muum? rdrdtjypfudk aemifw
&&rnfhtpm;? tjypfjyK&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfoGm;apMuonf/ (2ay? 3;9)
aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\*kPft*Fgtm;azmfjy&mü]]<u,f0awmfrljcif;}}[lí ajymavh½Sdonf/(9;23/ 11;33/
aum? 1;27/ {zuf? 1;7?18/ 2;4?7/ 3;8?16/ zdvdydÜ? 4;19)/
]]onf;cHjcif;}}[laomemrfpum;vHk; "r®opfü ESpfBudrfomvQifyg½Sd&m ESpfBudrfpvHk; aygvka&;aom þpm
xJüjzpfonf/ þae&m (1;18-3;31)ESifh 3;26 üjzpfNyD; ESpfckpvHk;onf tjypfom;rsm;tay: bk&m;ocif\
onf;cHawmfrljcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/

]]oifhtm; aemifw&apjcif;iSg? vrf;jyaeonfudk}}bk&m;ocifESifh ,HkMunfjcif;y#dnmOftm;jzifh awmfpyfrI
&½Sd&ef tjypftm;aemifw&jcif;onf tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ (róJ? 3;2/ 4;17/ rmuk?
1;15/ 6;12/ vkum? 13;3?5/ wrefawmf? 2;38/ 3;16?19/ 20;21) þa0g[m&onf a[NAJbmompum;ü
tjyKtrl ajymif;vJjcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/ aemifw&jcif;qdkonfrSm twåudkA[dkjyKaomjzpfwnfrIrS bk&m;ocif\
pum;ajymjcif;ESifh nTefMum;rIcH&aomb0toufwmodkU ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;twGuf twåudkOD;pm;
ay;jcif;ESifh ¤if;\csKyfaESmifcH&rIrS jyefvSnfhvmjcif;vdktyfonf/ tajccHtm;jzifh ¤if;onf topfaomociftm;
&½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ aemifw&jcif;onf tm'H\usqif;aomom;orD;wdkif; o@efawmfESifhnDap&ef bk&m;ocif
\tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ (a,Z? 18;21?23?32 ESifh 2ay? 3;9)/
aemifw&jcif;twGuf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom*&da0g[m&rsm;tm; taumif;qHk;ay:vGifapaom "r®opfusrf;
ydk'frSm 2aum? 7;8-11 jzpfonf/
1/ lupeŌ]]pdwfemonf}}(0g)]]0rf;enf;onf}}/ ti,f 8 ü(ESpfBudrf) 9ü (oHk;Budrf) 10 ü (ESpfBudrf)? 11
2/ metamelomai]]rSm;aMumif;od½Sdonf}}(0g)]]tcsdefaESmif;rS *½kpdkufonf}}(after care)i,f 8 (ESpfcg)? 9
3/ metanoia]]aemifw}}(0g)]]tcsdefaESmif;rS pdwfxJxnfhonf}}(after mind) i,f 9? 10
qefUusifbufrSm rSm;,Gif;aomaemifw(metamelomai)jzpfonf/ (,k'-róJ? 27;3ESifh{aom a[NAJ?
12;16-17)/ ¤if;ESifh qefUusifbufrSm ppfrSefonfhaemifw (metanoeŌ)jzpfonf/
ppfrSefaom aemifw\"r®oabmrSm 1/ y#dnOfw&m;opftaMumif; a,½I\a[majymrI (róJ? 4;17/ rmuk? 1;15/ vkum? 13;3?5)
2/ wrefawmfrsm; wref0w¬Kü a[mMum;rIrsm;(wrefawmf? 3;16?19/ 20;21)
3/ bk&m;ocif\ tjrifhrm;qHk;aus;Zl; (wrefawmf? 5;31/ 11;18 ESifh 2wd? 2;25)
4/ ysufpD;aejcif; (2ay? 3;9) aemifw&&efqdkonfrSm pdwfBudKufa½G;cs,fí&aom t&mr[kwf!
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/aemifw&jcif;
aemifw&jcif;(,HkMunfjcif;ESifhtwl)onf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;twGuf vdktyfaomy#dnOfw&m;
jzpfonf/ (Nacham,BDB 636? Oyrm 13;12/ 32;12?14/ Shuv, BDB 996/ Oyrm 3"r®? 8;47/ a,Z?
14;6/ 18;30)ESifh y#dnOfw&m;opf/
1/ AdwådZHq&ma,m[ef (róJ? 3;2/ rmuk? 1;4/ vkum? 3;3?8)
2/ a,½I (róJ? 4;17/ rmuk? 1;15/ vkum? 5;32/ 13;3?5/ 15;7/ 17;3)
3/ ayw½k (wrefawmf? 2;38/ 3;19/ 8;22/ 11;18/ 2ay? 3;9)
4/ aygvk (wrefawmf? 13;24/ 17;30/ 20;21/ 26;20/ a&mr? 2;4/ 2aum? 2;9-10)
98
odkUaomf aemifw&onfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;? ¤if;rSm 0rf;enf;jcif;avm? tjypfvkyfjcif;rS &yfwHhjcif;
avm/ t,ltquGJjym;jcm;em;aom þt"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm;taMumif; em;vnfoabmayguf&ef taumif;qHk;"r®
opfusrf;ydk'frSm 2aum&dEÅK? 7;8-11 jzpfonf/ ¤if;ü qufpyfaomfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom *&da0g[m&oHk;ck
oHk;xm;onf/
1/ ]]0rf;enf;onf}} (lupē i,f 8(ESpfcg)? 9(oHk;cg)? 10(ESpfcg)?11)/ 0rf;enf;onf (0g) aomua&muf
onf[k t"dyÜg,f½SdNyD; "r®oabmt& Mum;aeaomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
2/ ]]aemifw&onf}} (metanoeŌ- ti,f 9?10)/ ¤if;onf aemufaemif(after)ESifh]]pdwf}}(mind)ESpfckpyf
pum;vHk;jzpfNyD; pdwfopf? awG;awmyHktopf? b0ESifhbk&m;ocifqdkif&mü pdwfaeoabmxm;topfudk
qdkvdkonf/ ¤if;rSm ppfrSefaomaemifwjzpfonf/
3/ ]]pdwfysufonf}}(metamelomai-i,f 8(ESpfcg)?10)? ¤if;onf aemufaemif (after)ESifh ]]*½kpdkuf(care)}}
ESpfckpyfpum;vHk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;tm; ,k'taMumif; róJ? 27;3 ESifh {aomtaMumif; a[NAJ? 12;16?
17wdkUüoHk;onf/ ¤if;onf tjyKtrlr[kwfbJ? ¤if;tjyKtrl\ tusKd;qufjzpfonf/
aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;wdkUonf vdktyfaomy#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf (rmuk? 1;15/
wrefawmf? 2;38?41/ 3;16?19/20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf aemifw&aponfqdkonfh oabmoufa&mufaom
usrf;ydk'ftcsKdU½Sdonf/ (wrefawmf? 5;31/ 11;18/ 2wd? 2;25)/ odkUaomf trsm;pkaomusrf;ydk'frsm;t& ¤if;rSm
tcrJhaomu,fwifjcif; ay;prf;onfhbk&m;ociftm; vlom;rsm;taejzifh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&mwHkUjyefrIjyK&ef
vdktyfcsufjzpfonf/
aemifw&jcif;\teuft"dyÜg,f tjynfht0em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif&ef a[NAJpum;ESifh*&dpum;ESpfrsKd;
pvHk;\t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;vdktyfonf/ a[NAJpum;vHk;t& ]]tjyKtrlajymif;vJjcif;}}vdktyfNyD;?*&dpum;
vHk;t&]]pdwfESvHk;ajymif;vJjcif;}}vdktyfonf/ u,fwifjcif;&½Sdolonf pdwfopf? ESvHk;opf&½Sdonf/ ol\pdwf
ul;tawG;rSm uGJjym;jcm;em;oGm;NyD;? uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm touf½SifoGm;onf/ ]]ightwGuf b,ft&m½SdrvJ}}qdk
onfhar;cGef;tpm;]]bk&m;ocif b,ft&mtvdk½SdvJ}}[laomar;cGef;onf tpm;xdk;vmonf/aemifw&jcif;onf
ysufjy,foGm;onfh pdwfvIyf½Sm;rI(0g)t<uif;rJhtjypfuif;pifoGm;jcif;r[kwfbJ? oefU½Sif;awmfrlolESifhtopfaom
awmfpyfrIjzpfay:vmum? ¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltm; oefU½Sif;oltjzpf wdk;íwdk;íajymif;vJoGm;aponf/
2;5-9 þtcef;i,frsm;onf(1) usqif;aomvlom;\acgif;rmyHk(2) bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESifh w&m;pD&if
awmfrljcif;wdkUudk a&;om;azmfjyonf/
2;5 ]]acgif;rmjcif;}}þemrfpum;vHk;udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomawGU&onf/ tpöa&;tm; þenf;jzifh
azmfjy&m usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm xGuf? 32;9/ 33;3?5/ 34;9/ w&m;? 9;6?13?27/ (a[NAJ? 3;8?15/ 4;7 wdkUudkvnf;
rSwfom;yg)/

]]pdwfESvHk;}}1;24 \txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

]]trsufawmf xif½Sm;awmfrlaomaeY/}}¤if;udk "r®a[mif;usrf;ü (a,mv? tmrkwf)]]xm0&bk&m;\aeU}}
[kac:onf/ ¤if;onf w&m;pD&ifaomaeU(0g),HkMunfolrsm;twGufrl ½SifjyefxajrmufaomaeUjzpfonf/ vl
om;wdkif;bk&m;ocifxHrS qkvufaqmiftjzpf rdrdwdkU&½Sdaomtoufudk rnfodkYtoHk;jyKMuaMumif;twGuf
bk&m;ocifxH ½Sif;vif;csuf(ajz½Sif;csuf)ay;Mu&vdrfhrnf/ (róJ? 25;31-46/ Asm? 20;11-15)
99
bk&m;ocif\trsufawmftm; odkrSD;xm;olwdkUrSm tjypfom;rsm;udk,fwdkifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd
trsufawmfxGuf&jcif;taMumif; ckdifvHkay:vGifap&ef tjypfudkwpfckaomtwdkif;twmtxd vTwfvyfpGmvTwf
xm;um? trsufawmfydkrdkBuD;xGm;vmap&ef cGifhjyKonf/
trsufawmf[lonf bk&m;ociftaMumif;tm; ½Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef toHk;jyKaomvlom;pum;vHk;rsm;
teufwpfckjzpfonf/ (1;18 \txl;taMumif;t&m]]bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;}}üMunfh
yg/) bk&m;ocifonf xm0&? oefU½Sif;awmfrlolESifheH0dnmOfjzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf tuefUtowfESifhjzpf
aom? tjypf½Sdaom? ½kyfcE¨mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf pdwfvIyf½Sm;um? a'goxGufaejcif;rsKd;½Sdonf r[kwf
acs/ tjypfom;jzpfaom vludkcspfaomfvnf;? vlom;rsm;u rdrdtm; qefUusifykefuefjcif;udkrl tckdiftrm
qefUusifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ olonf tjypfudkyk*¾dKvftvdkuf aAG,lojzifh uRefawmfwdkUü
rdrdtjypftwGuf rdrdudk,fwdkif wm0ef½Sdonf/
bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESifhqdkifaom aemufxyfjznfhpGufajymp&mrSm ¤if;ü vuf½Sdumv(acwå,m,D
1;24?26?28)ESifh acwfumv\tqHk;(aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;ESifhqdkifonf 2;5-8)[lí or®musrf;pmü azmfjy
onf/ bk&m;ocif\aeU&uf (w&m;pD&ifawmfrl&maeU)rSm tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm; tem*wfumvü w&m;pD&ifjcif;
rcH&bJ? aumif;csD;&½Sdap&ef olwdkUtjypfudk aemifw&MubdkU "r®a[mif;acwfya&mzufrsm;\ BudKwifowday;
jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m? 27-28) "r®a[mif;acwfya&mzufrsm;onf rdrdwdkUacwfumv\ tvGef
ta&;BuD;aomtcsdeftcgwpfckudk aemufqHk;aomumvtaMumif;a[m&ef toHk;jyKavh½SdMuonf/
2;6 ¤if;udk qmvH? 62;12 rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (róJ? 16;27)? vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkU\jyKrlrIrsm;twGuf
udk,fpDwm0ef½SdMuNyD;? bk&m;ociftm; ½Sif;vif;csufay;MurnfrSm urÇmYed,rwpf&yfjzpfonf/(2;1 \rSwfcsuf
'kwd,pmydk'fü Munfhyg/) (a,mb? 34;11/ okwåH? 24;12/ w&m;a[m? 12;14/ a,&rd? 17;10/ 32;19/ róJ?
16;27/ 25;31-46/ a&mr? 2;6/ 14;12/ 1aum? 3;8/ *vmwd? 6;7-10/ 2wd? 4;4/ 1ay? 1;17/ Asm? 2;23/
20;12/22;12)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;yifvQif rdrdwdkUb0ESifh c&pfawmftwGuf trIaqmif½GufrItaMumif; ½Sif;vif;csuf
ay;Mu&ayrnf/ (2aum? 5;10)/ ,HkMunfolwdkUonf olwdkU\tusifh(work-tvkyf)aMumifh u,fwifjcif;&
jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; tusifhusihf&ef u,fwifcH&olrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ({zuf? 2;8-10/ txl;ojzifh 2;1426/ ,mukyfESifha,m[efMo0g'pm)? ajymif;vJcJhaomb0toufwmESifh arwåmtm;jzifh ajymif;vJaeaomtouf
wm? trIaqmif½Gufjcif;ESifh wpfudk,faumif;rqefjcif;wdkUonf u,fwifcH&jcif;\ppfrSefrI taxmuftxm;
jzpfonf/
2;7 ]]olwdkUtm;}}ti,f 7 üa&;om;azmfjyaomolrsm;ESifhti,f 8 uvlrsm;ü uGJjym;jcm;em;rI½Sdonf/ (odkUaomf
...olwdkUtm;)

NASB
]]bkef;toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif;udk½Smum? aumif;aomt&mudkpGJNrJpGm vkyfaqmifol
wdkYtm; xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/
NKJV ]]bk e f ; toa&ES i f h razguf j yef r ysuf p D ; jcif ; ud k ½ S m um? aumif ; aomt&mud k quf v uf í onf ; cH
vkyfaqmifolwdkUtm; xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/
NRSV ]]bk e f ; toa&ES i f h razguf j yef r ysuf p D ; jcif ; ud k ½ S m um? aumif ; aomt&mud k quf v uf í onf ; cH
pGmjzifh vkyfaqmifolwdkUtm;? xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/
TEV ]]vl t csKd U wd k U onf aumif ; aomt&mud k quf v uf v k y f o G m ;Muum? bk e f ; toa&ES i f h razguf j yef
rysufpD; jcif;tm; ½SmazGMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkUtm; xm0&toufay;vdrfhrnf/
100
]]aumif;aomt&mudk tpOftNrJvkyfoGm;jcif;jzifh xifay:rI? toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif;
tm; ½SmazGMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdk Utm; xm0&toufay;vdrfhrnf/
¤if;onf aumfaevduJhodkYaomolrsKd;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (wrefawmf? 10;34-35)/ þpmydk'fonf tvkyf
tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkU a&mufaeouJhodkU xif&aomfvnf; (vlom;\tm;xkwfrIjzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;&½SdouJh
odkU)þtcsufonf a&mrMo0g'pm\ t"duOD;wnfcsufudk qefUusifbufjyK&ef r[kwfacs/ ti,f 1-16 (0g)
1-11wpfckckonf pmydk'fwpfydk'fjzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ þtydk'fwpfckvHk;\"r®oabmw&m; azmfjyvdk&if;
tcsufrSm bk&m;ocifonf vlrsufESmudkraxmuf (i,f 11)aMumif;ESifh vltm;vHk;tjypfjyKMuaMumif;(i,f 12)
jzpfonf/ vlwdkUonf rdrdwdkU&½Sdonfhtvif;ESifhtnD touf½SifMuygu (wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf obm0
tm;jzifh zGifhjyrIESifh*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf txl;zGifhjyjcif;-10;5) bk&m;ocifESifhtqifajyMuayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf
ajzmifhrwfaomol[lí r½SdcJhbl;aMumif;ESifh rnfonfhtcgürSvnf; ½SdEkdifvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif; 3;9-18?23ü
tusOf;csKHUazmfjyonf/
,HkMunfolonf bk&m;w&m;udk½kdaoum? ajymif;vJaomtoufwm½Sdjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh tpjyK
wHkYjyefaMumif; txnfjyKcdkifvHkaponf/ ajymif;vJaomtoufwmrSm bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfusdef0yfaMumif;
\taxmuftxm;jzpfonf/ (ti,f 10? 13/ róJ? 7/ {zuf? 2;8-10/ ,mukyf? 2;14-26ESifh 1a,m [ef)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pGJNrJ&ef vdktyfrI 8;25 üMunfhyg/
NJB

]]xm0&touf/}} ¤if;onf a,m[ef\ta&;tom;vu©Pmwpf&yfjzpfNyD; c&pf0ifusrf; yxroHk;usrf;wdkU
üawGU&cJonf/ aygvkonf þpum;vHk;udk 'Ha,v 12;2 (wdwk? 1;2/ 3;7)rS&,lonfESifhwlonf/
xdkusrf;ydk'fü ¤if;pum;vHk;onf uyfurÇmtopfESifhqdkifaomtouf? bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfaom
toufwm? jyef½Sifxajrmufaomb0udk azmfjyonf/ olonf ¤if;udk *vmwd 6;8ü yxrOD;qHk;oHk;onf/
¤if;onf a&mrMo0g'pm\ Mo0g'ydkif;qdkif&mu@ü OD;wnfcsufjzpfavh½Sdonf(2;7/ 5;21/ 6;22?23)/
oif;tkyfqdkif&mMo0g'rsm;üvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;yg½Sdonf/ (1wd? 1;16/ wdwk? 1;2/ 3;7)/
2;8
NASB
]]tvdkqE´jyif;xefí}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]rd r d u d k , f u sKd ; ½S m ol w d k U }}
TEV
]]tjcm;olrsm;onf udk,fusKd;zufMu\}}
NJB
]]remvdkpdwf½Sdolrsm;}}
Louw
þa0g[m&\rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm ]]tcay;í iSg;&rf;onf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ (a,mb? 2;11)
ESifh Nida wdkU\ ]]Greek-English Lexicon}}twGJ 2/ pm? 104 ü þa0g[m&\oHk;EIef;yHkESpfrsKd;
azmfjyonf/
1/ ]]pdwfqE´jyif;xefonf}}selfish ambition [líjzpfNyD; a&mr? 2;8udknTef;um]]tjcm;olwpfyg;xuf ydkrdk
aumif;rGefvdkjcif;}}[kqdkojzifh þusrf;ydk'fESifhudkufnDonf/
2/ ]]&efNidK;BuD;jcif;}}-hostility [líjzpfNyD;? zdvdyÜd 1;17 udknTef;um? tNydKiftqdkifjyKjcif;tjzpfvnf; bmom
jyefEkdifonf[kazmfjyonf/ (2aum? 12;20/ *vmwd? 5;20/ zdvdyÜd? 2;3/ ,mukyf? 3;14?16)/

]]or®mw&m;udk remcHbJ/}}or®mw&m;]]truth}}(aletheia)tm; ¤if;\a[NAJt"dyÜg,f(emeth)jzpfonfhrSef
uefrI? pdwfcsrItjzpfoHk;onf/ þoabmtm;jzifh¤if; a0g[m&onf todnmOfESifhrqdkifbJ udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh
qdkifonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aygvka&;aompmrsm;xJu or®mw&m;-1;18ü Munfhyg/
101
2;9]]vlom;wdkif;/}} aygvkonf *&da0g[m& pas udkoHk;onf/ ]]tm;vHk;}}(0g)]]wdkif;}}[lí bmomjyefavh½Sdaom
¤if;tm; a&mrMo0g'pmtzGifh tcef;BuD;rsm;ü rMumcPoHk;NyD; wpfurÇmvHk;jcHKaom]]owif;qdk;}}(vlom;wdkif;
vrf;aysmufolrsm;jzpfaeMujcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifonf w&m;pD&if&mü rsufESmrvdkufjcif;)]]owif;aumif;}}(bk&m;
ocifonf u,fwifjcif;tm; ay;prf;jcif;ESifh? aemifw&um c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfolwdkif; tjypfvTwfjcif;
tjynfht0&½Sdjcif;) ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm;qdkvdkonf/
þpmydk'fonf wpfurÇmvHk;vTrf;jcHKaom w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh ¤if;\tusKd;quftm; cdkifrmpGmnTef;qdk
onf/ þor®mw&m;t& ajzmifhrwfolESifhqdk;oGrf;ol ESpfrsKd;pvHk;\½SifjyefxajrmufrIvdktyfaMumif; azmfjy
onf/ ('Ha,v? 12;2/ a,m[ef? 5;28-29/ wrefawmf? 24;15)/
ti,f 6-11 onf wqufwnf;jzpfygu ti,f 8-9onf w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;(0g)raumif;rIjyKolrsm;
tm; &nfnTef;onfhaomhcsufusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/
2;9-10]]yxrOD;pGm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;}}/ tav;teufjyKjcif;taejzifh þpum;udk xyfrHazmfjyonf/ *sL;rsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyawmfrljcif; &½SdcJhMuojzifh yxrOD;qHk; tcGifhxl;cHpm;&olrsm;jzpfonf/ (1;16/ róJ? 10;6/
15;24/ a,m[ef? 4;22/ wrefawmf? 3;26/ 13;46)/ odkUaomf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmftm; &½Sdolrsm;yDyD
(9;4-5) w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;udkvnf; yxrOD;qHk; cH&olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (9-11)
2;11
]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufawmfrrl}}
]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufjcif; jyawmfrrl}}
]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf vlwdkif;tm; wef;wlpD&ifawmfrlonf/}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmomay;jcif;r½Sd}}
"r®a[mif;usrf;\w&m;pD&ifjcif;qkdif&m wifpm;oHk;EIef;aom a0g[m&wpfrsKd;jzpfNyD; ]]rsufESmarmhonf}}[k
t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ (0wfjyK? 19;15/ w&m;a[m? 10;17/ 2&mZ0ifcsKyf? 19;7/ wrefawmf? 10;34/ *vmwd?
2;6/ {zuf? 6;9/ aum? 3;25/ 1ay? 1;17) w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;onf rdrd\trIonfü w&m;rQwrIawGY&NyDqdk
vQif iJhuGufp&mtcGifhta&;jzpfvmonf/ xdkUaMumifh olonf rdrda½SUü &yfaeol\rsufESmtm; armhay;jcif;jyK
awmhrnfr[kwfacs/
NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'
I.
ed'gef;
u/ ¤if;udk usqif;aomvlom; vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif; wpfurÇmvHk;ü awGU&onf/ ¤if;onf olwpfyg;\
c/
ausmukef;ay: wufpD;aomvlom;\twåjzpfonf/ vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'tm; enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh
acwfopfumvü awGUjrif&NyD;? trsKd;om;a&;0g'(odkUr[kwf vlrsKd;pk0g')rSmrl ydkía½S;usaom toHk;
tEIef;jzpfonf/
trsKd;om;a&;0g'onf AmAkvkefü tpjyKcJhNyD;(urÇm? 11)rlvtm;jzifh aem{\om;a,musfm;oHk;
a,mufESifhqufpyfum? ¤if;wdkUrS rsKd;EG,fpkqkdolrsm; pwifxGef;um;vmcJhonf/(urÇm? 10)/ rnfodkU
jzpfap vlom;rsKd;EG,f[lonf rsKd;½dk;wpfckwnf;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; or®musrf;pmrS
xif½Sm;pGm od½Sd&onf/(urÇmOD;? 1;-3/ wrefawmf? 17;24-26)
102
*/
vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'onf rsufESmvdkufjcif;trsKd;rsm;pGm teufwpfrsKd;omvQifjzpfonf/ tcsKdUwdkUrSm
(1) ynma&;udktaMumif;jyKNyD; rsufESmBuD;vdkufjcif; (2) vlrIa&;? "eOpömrme (3) rdrdomvQif rSef
onfqdkaombmoma&; t,lonf;0g'ESifh (4) EdkifiHa&;t,l0g'qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;
II. or®musrf;vmtcsufrsm;
u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
urÇmOD; 1;27/ a,musfm;? rdef;rwnf;[laomvlom;tm; bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmftwdkif;?
bk&m;ocifESifhwlatmif zefqif;onfjzpfí? olwdkUrSm twktEIdif;uif;olrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;
onf olwdkUwpfOD;csif;pD\wefbdk;ESifh *kPfodu©mudkvnf; azmfjyonf/ (a,m[ef 3;16)
urÇmOD; 1;11-25/ ]]trsKd;tvdkuf}}qdkaompum;pkwpfq,fBudrf rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf/ ¤if;
tm;vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpf toHk;jyKavh½Sdonf/ odkUaomf usrf;pum;
tquftpyfudkMunfhonfhtcg wd&pämefrsm;ESifhtyifrsm;udk nTef;qdkjcif;omjzpfNyD;? vlom;ESifh
rqdkifaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/
urÇmOD; 9;18-27/ ¤if;tm; vlrsKd;BuD; pdk;rdk;a&;0g'twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpf toHk;jyKol
rsm;½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cgeeftm; rusdefqJcJhaMumif; owd&&efvdktyfonf/ olYtm;
tzdk;jzpf olaem{uom t&ufrl;rl;jzifhEdk;vmonfhtcg usdefqJvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
onf þusdefqJrItm;twnfjyKaMumif; or®musrf;pmü rSwfwrf;r½Sdacs/ bk&m;ocifonf
xdkodkUjyKonf qdkOD;awmh ¤if;onf tom;rJaomvlrsKd;EG,ftm; xdcdkufjcif;r½Sdacs/ cgeefonf
ygvufpwdkif;a'oae vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfvmum? olwdkUonf tom;rJolrsm;r[kwfaMumif; tD*spf
vlrsKd;rsm;\ tkwfeH&Hyef;csDum;rsm;uazmfjyonf/
a,½I 9;23/ ¤if;tm; rsKd;EG,fwpfckonf tjcm;rsKd;EG,fwpfcktm; tapcH&jcif;udk axmufjy&ef
toHk;jyKvmcJhMuonf/ odkUaomf usrf;pum;qufpyfrIu azmfjyonfrSm *daAmiftrsKd;om;rsm;
onf *sL;vlrsKd;uJhodkUaom rsKd;EG,f0ifrsm;jzpfonf/
{Z&? 9-10ESifh ae[rd13/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;udk vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;tjrifjzifh oHk;vmcJhMuaomfvnf;
xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;tm; tjypfwif&jcif;rSm rsKd;EG,faMumifhr[kwfbJ (olwdkUonf aem{rS
qif;oufolcsif;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ urÇmOD;? 10) bmoma&;taMumif; jycsufaMumifhjzpfonf/
c/ "r®opfusrf;
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
(u) vlrsKd;cGJjcm; rkef;wD;jcif;onf roifhawmfaMumif; jyo&ef a,½Ionf *sL;rsm;ESifh½Srm&drsm;
tMum; rkef;wD;rItaMumif; rMumcPtoHk;jyK ajymMum;avh½Sdonf/
(1) aumif;aom½Srm&d Oyrm (vkum? 10;25-37)
(2) a&wGif;u trsKd;orD; (a,m[ef? 4)
(3) aus;Zl;odaom temBuD;a&m*gonf (vkum? 17;7-19)
(c) c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;onf vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;twGufjzpfonf/
(1) a,m[ef 3;16
(2) vkum 24;46-47
(3) a[NAJ 2;9
(4) Asm'dwf 14;6
(*) EdkifiHawmfü vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk; yg0ifvdrfhrnf
103
(1) vkum 13;29
(2) Asm'dwf 5
2/ wrefawmf0w¬K
u/
c/
bk&m;ocifonf
wpfurÇmvHk;tm;
cspfawmfrlaMumif;ESifh
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf
wpfurÇmvHk;twGufjzpfaMumif; wrefawmf 10 rSm wdusaomusrf;ydk'fjzpfonf/
ayw½konf wrefawmftcef; 11u rdrdtjyKtrlaMumifh wdkufcdkufcHvmcJh&m?wrefawmf 15ü
a,½k½SvifaumifpDtpnf;a0;ü tajz&vmcsdefwdkifatmifjzpfonf/ yxr&mpktwGif; *sL;vlrsKd;ESifh
*sL;r[kwfolrsm;tMum; wif;rmrItvGefjyif;xefcJhonf/
3/ aygvk
(u) c&pfawmftxJü tydkif;tjcm;r½Sd
1/ *vmwd 3;26-28
2/ {zuf 2;11-22
3/ aum 3;11
(c) bk&m;ocifonf vludkrsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sd
1/ a&mr 2;11
2/ {zuf 6;9
4/ ayw½kESifh ,mukyf
u/ bk&m;ocifonf vludkrsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sd/ 1ay? 1;17
c/ bk&m;ocifonf bufvdkufjcif;r½Sdojzifh olUvlrsKd;onfvnf; bufvdkufjcif;r½Sd/ ,mukyf? 2;1
5/ a,m[ef
u/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\wm0eftaMumif; tjyif;xefqHk; azmfjyrIwpfck 1a,m 4;20 ü awGU&onf/
III.
ed*Hk;csKyf
u/ vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;rIESifh rnfonfhtrsKd;tpm;jzpfap rsufESmvdkufjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm; ESifh
roifhavsmfacs/ 1964 ckESpfwGif New Mexico jynfe,f Glorieta NrdKUüusif;yonfh]]c&pf,mef
toufwm wm0ef0wå&m;}}nDvmcHü Henlee Barnettee \rdefUcGef;xJrS aumufEkwfcsuf wpfck½Sdyg
onf/
]]vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'onf or®musrf;pmESifhrudkufnD? c&pf,mefoabmr[kwfojzifh ¤if;rSm rdpäm0g'
jzpfonf/ odyÜHenf;rusojzifh azmfjyajymqdkoifhaomt&mr[kwfacs}}[líjzpf\/
c/ þjyóemonf c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh vrf;aysmufaeaomurÇmBuD;tay: c&pfawmfenf;wl cspfjcif;
arwåm? cGifhvTwfrIESifh em;vnfrI½SdaMumif;jyo&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf þu@
tm; jiif;qefonfhtcg ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif;? pdwfcs&rIESifhBuD;xGm;rItm; [efYwm;aESmifhaES;ap
&efrm&fewftwGuf tcGifhaumif;jzpfaponf/ ¤if;onf vrf;aysmufolrsm; c&pfawmfxHvm&ef twm;
tqD;vnf;jzpfaeayrnf/
*/ uREfkyfbmvkyfEdkifrnfenf;/ (þu@tm;]]c&pf,meftoufwm wm0ef0wå&m;}}tzGJU\]]vlrsKd;csif;quf
qHa&;}}ac:pmapmifrS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/)
104
]]wpfOD;csif;tqifh}}
vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&mjyóemrsm; ajz½Sif;&mü rdrdudk,fwdkifü wm0ef0wå&m;½SdaMumif; vufcHyg/
vlrsKd;a½G; rsufESmvdkufrItm; rdrd\toufwmrS z,f½Sm;ypf&ef qkawmif;jcif;? or®musrf;pm
avhvmjcif;ESifh tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;tm;jzifh tm;xkwfyg/
vlrsKd;a&;rkef;wD;rIvSKHUaqmfolrsm; pdrfac:jcif;rcH&&mae&mrsm;ü? vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m rdrd\em;vnf
oabmaygufrItm; azmfxkwfjyoyg/
]]rdom;pk toufwmü}}
tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;tay: pdwfaeoabmxm; wdk;wufrItm; rdom;pktaejzifh jyoay:vGifap&ef
ta&;BuD;yHktm; todtrSwfjyKyg/
rdom;pkjyifyü vlrsKd;a&;taMumif; rdrdwdkUMum;cJh&jcif;rsm;tm; om;orD;rsm;ESifhrdbrsm; twlajym
qdkjcif;jzifh rdrdwdkU\c&pf,mefpdwfoabmxm;tm; zGHUNzdK;ap&ef BudK;pm;yg/
tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;? vlrsm;ESifhajymqdk&mü rdbrsm;onf c&pf,mefyHkoufaojyo&ef
*½kpdkuf&rnf/
tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh rdom;pkcsif;? rdwfaqGjzpf&ef tcGifhta&;rsm;½SmazGyg/
]]oif\toif;awmfü}}
vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m or®musrf;pmyg or®mw&m;a[majym? oifMum;jcif;tm;jzifh toif;awmfonf
rdrdwdkU\todkif;t0dkif;wpfckvHk;ü yHkoufaojyoEdkifonf/
toif;awmfwGif; 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;? rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh trIaqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;ü "r®opf
toif;awmfrsm;ü vlrsKd;cGJjcm;rIrjyKcJhMuonfenf;wl vlwdkif;twGuf vrf;zGifhay;jcif;½Sdr½Sd
aocsmapyg/ ({zuf? 2;11-22/ *vmwd? 3;26-29)
]]aeUpOftoufwmü}}
 urÇmay:tvkyfvkyfudkif&mü vlrsKd;cGJjcm;jcif; udpö&yftm;vHk; atmifjrifausmfvTm;Edkif&ef ulnDyg/
 wdkufcdkuf&efrSmvlrsKd;a&;jyóemjzpfNyD;? vlyk*¾dKvfr[kwfaMumif; owd&vsuf vlrItzGJUtpnf;
rsKd;pHkü tvkyfvkyf&mwGif wef;wlnDrQaomtcGifhta&;ESifh tcGifhaumif;rsm; aocsmxdef;xm;yg/
&nf½G,fcsufrSm em;vnfrIjr§ifhwif&efjzpfNyD;? cg;onf;rIzefwD;&ef r[kwfacs/
 vlkrsKd;csif;qufqHa&;wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? vlxktwGif; taxGaxGynmay;&efESifh wdusaomvkyfaqmif
rIrsm;jyK&ef? todkif;t0dkif;twGif; qufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm; yGifhvmap&ef &nf½G,fcsufxm;
½Sdvsuf? aMumifhuspdk;&drfrI½Sdolrsm;yg0ifonfh txl;aumfrDwDwpfcktm; tqifajyrnfqdkygu
zGJUpnf;yg/
 vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m w&m;rQwrItm;jr§ifhwif&efESifh EkdifiHa&;tjrwfxkwf&ef rsufESmvdkufrIrsm;tm;
toHk;csolrsm;udk qefUusifonfh Oya'jyXgef;jcif;ESifh Oya'jyKolrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;yg/
 Oya'twnfjyKolrsm;onf cGJjcm;jcif;r½SdbJ twnfjyKEdkif&ef Oya'twnfjyKolt&m½Sdrsm;tm;
axmufcHtm;ay;yg/
 Oya'ygtcsuftvufrsm;onf cGJjcm;rItm;jr§ifhwifrnfh olrsm;vufxJü vufeufozG,fjzpfr
vmap&ef c&pf,mefEdkifiHom;wpfOD;taejzifh rdrdvkyfEkdiforQt&mtm;vHk;vkyfum? tMurf;zufrI
tm;a½Smifvsuf? w&m;Oya' ½dkaoav;pm;rItm; jr§ifhwifyg/
 vlom;csif; qufqHa&;u@wdkif;ü c&pfawmf\pdwf0dnmOfESifh oabmxm;tm; erlem,lyg/
105
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomusrf ; / 2;12-16
12
ynwfw&m;udkrodbJ jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf ynwfw&m;rJh ysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufMuvdrfh
rnf/ ynwfw&m;vufatmufü jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf ynwfw&m;\pD&ifjcif; cH&Muvdrfhrnf/
13
taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;Mum;emolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifha½SUü ajzmifhrwfonfr[kwf/ ynwf
14
w&m;udkusifhaomolonfomvQif ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufvdrfhrnf/ ynwfw&m;r½Sdaom omoemyvl
wdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmfüygaomt&mrsm;udk tvdktavsmufusifhaomtcg? ynwfw&m;r½Sdaom
olwdkUtwGuf xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkU\ynwfw&m;yifjzpfonf/ 15olwdkU\ udk,fudkudk,foda ompdwf
onf oufaocHojzifh olwdkU\tawG;onf rdrdwdkUtm; tjypfwifvdkuf? tumtuG,fay;vdkufjzifh
wvSnfhpDjzpfae&m? ynwfw&m;awmf\tvkyftm; olwdkYESvHk;om;xJa&;om;xm;aMumif;jyonf/
16
ig\{0Ha*vdw&m;ESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifonf w&m;pD&ifawmfrlaomaeUü vlwdkU\vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;udk
c&pfawmfa,½Itm;jzifh pD&ifawmfrlvwHh/
2;12 ]]ynwfw&m;udkrodbJ? jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf/}}"r®a[mif;usrf;(0g)c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;udk rMum;
bl;olrsm;yifjzpfap? vlom;tm;vHk;ü wm0ef½Sdonf[k bk&m;ocifrSwf,layvdrfhrnf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf
zefqif;aomt&mrsm;rSwpfqifh (1;19-20/ qmvH 19;1-6 ESifh yifudktm;jzifh udk,fusifhw&m;udk odwwfjcif;
(2;14-15) rsm;rSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhqdkifaom todtjriftcsKdU&Muonfomjzpf\/ 0rf;enf;p&maumif;
onfrSm vlwdkif;rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;w&m;tm; wrifoufoufazgufzsufaeMuonf/ (1;21-23/ 3;9? 19? 23/
11;32/ *vmwd 3;22)

]]ynwfw&m;awmf/}}ynwfw&m;awmf ]]law}}qdkaoma0g[m&ü]]the}}qdkonfh wpHkw&mtm; oD;oefY&nf
nTef;onfh toHk;tEIef;r½Sdacs/ odkUaomf a&mrMo0g'pmü aygvk\toHk;tEIef;rSm]]the law}}[líjzpfNyD; atmuf
ygwdkUudk &nfnTef;onf/
1/ a&mrw&m; Oya'
2/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;
3/ vlrIa&;qdkif&m a,bk,st,ltq
þpum;vHk;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm;jzifh tav;teufjyKMuonfrSm vlwdkif;ü rdrd
pdwfESvHk;rsm;txJ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdoabm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyaomodjrifrItcsKdU½SdaMumif;yifjzpfonf/
(i,f15)
2;13 ]]taMumif;rlum;? ynwfw&m;Mum;emolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifha½SUü ajzmifhrwfonfr[kwf}}
]]Mum;emolrsm;}}[laom a0g[m&onf (1) ynwfawmfusrf; oifMum;olrsm;ESifhqdkifaom oD;oefUtoHk;tEIef;
odkUr[kwf (2) w&m;Z&yfrsm;ü or®musrf;pmzwf½Ionfudk Mum;emcJholrsm;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
"r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf Koine *&dpum;jzihfa&;um a[NAJtawG;jzifh awG;ac:olrsm;jzpfaMumif; owd&
yg/ xdkUaMumifh pum;vHk;pDppfrIonf *&dtbd"gefr[kwfbJ Septuagint ("r®a[mif; *&dvdkbmomjyefusrf;)jzifh
tpjyK&ayrnf/
]]ajzmifhrwfonf}}(0g)]]ajzifhrwfapjcif;cH&onf}}[laoma0g[m&onf (dikē) aygvk\"r®oabmw&m;ü
tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ (3;4? 20?24? 26? 28? 30/ 4;2?5/ 5;1?9/ 6;7/ 8;30?33)/ ]]ajzmifhrwfonf}}(just)?
]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(justify)]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}(justification)?]]rSefonf}}(right)?]]rSefuefjcif;}}(righteousness)?
106
wdkUtm;vHk;rSm dikaios rSvmonf/ (jrefrmusrf;pmürl justificationESihf righteousness ESpfckpvHk;tm;]]ajzmifhrwf
&mü wnfaponf^wnfapjcif;[lí awGU&onf)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; 1;17üMunfh
yg/ a[NAJpum;vHk;(tsadag, BDB 843)\rl&if;rSm tkwfeH&Hrsm;? jcHpnf;½dk;rsm;wdkif;wm&ef csdefoD;tjzpfoHk;aom
½Snfíajzmifhwef;onfh(15-20ay)usLvHk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf w&m;pD&if&mpHtjzpf bk&m;ociftaMumif;
wifpm;azmfjyrItwGuf toHk;jyKaomt&mjzpfvmonf/
aygvk\ta&;tom;ü ¤if;a0g[m&wGif tcsufESpfck½Sdonf/ wpf? bk&m;ocifü½Sdaom ajzmihfrwfjcif;
tm;? c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tcrJhvufaqmiftjzpf tjypf½Sdolvlom;udkay;tyfonf/ ¤if;udk oGwf
oGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif;(0g)w&m;Oya'qdkif&m ajzmifhrwfjcif;[kac:onf/ ¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfawmfrlol
bk&m;ocif\a½SUawmfarSmufü w&m;Oya'qdkif&m &yfwnfrItm;&nfnTef;onf/ ¤if;onf aygvk\emrnf
ausmf ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapjcif;}}ac: w&m;\rl&if;jzpfonf/
ESpftcsufrSm tjypf½Sdaomvlom;tm; rdrd\o@efawmftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfvmapaom bk&m;ocif\
vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ (urÇmOD;? 1;26-27)odkUr[kwf c&pfawmfESifhwlvmapjcif;jzpfonf/ þtcef;i,fonf
,HkMunfolrsm;tm; w&m;emolrsm;omvQifr[kwfbJ? w&m;twdkif; jyKusifholrsm;jzpfvm&ef awmif;qdkaom
usrf;ydk'frsm;ESifhwlonf/ ¤if;wdkUrSm róJ? 7;24/ vkum? 8;21ESifh11;28/ a,m[ef? 13;17/ ,mukyf? 1;22?
23?25wdkUjzpfonf/ oGwfoGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif;onf ajzmifhrwfaomtoufwm(oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)udk
jzpfyGg;ap&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypfom;rsm; tjypfvTwf½kHrQomr[kwfbJ? ajymif;vJoGm;aponfh
aygvk\ þtoHk;tEIef;rSm w&m;Oya'qdkif&mESifh usifh0wfw&m;qdkif&m ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGufjzpfonf/ y#dnmOf
w&m;opfonf vlom;rsm;tm; w&m;Oya'qdkif&m&yfwnfrIudkomru bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf½Sifjcif; yHkpH
rsKd;udkvnf;awmif;qdkonf/ ¤if;rSm tcrJhjzpfaomfvnf; wefbdk;BuD;rm;vSygbd\!

]]ynwfw&m;twdkif; usifhaomol}}/ bk&m;ocifonf emcHwwfaomtouf½Sifjcif;yHkpHrsKd; awmif;qdk
onf/ (0wfjyK 18;5/ róJ 7;24-27/ vkum 8;21/ 11;28/ a,m[ef 13;17/ ,mukyf 1;22-25/ 2;1428)/ þt,ltqonf a[NAJa0g[m& shema (BDB 1033)ESifh rsm;pGmqifwlum? Mum;onfhtwdkif;vkyf&ef
[laomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ (w&m;a[m 5;1/ 6;4/ 9;1/ 20;3/ 27;9-10)
2;14
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
]]ynwfw&m;r½Sdaom omoemyvlwdkUonf ynwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;udk tvdkt
avsmufusifhaomtcg? ynwfw&m;r½SdaomolwdkUtwGuf? xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkUüynwf
w&m;yif jzpfoGm;onf/}}
]]ynwfw&m;r½SdaomomoemyvlwdkUonf ynwf w&m;üyg½Sdaomt&mrsm;udk obm0tm;jzifh
usifhonfhtcg? ynwfw&m;r½SdMuaomfvnf; xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkUü ynwfw&m;yifjzpf
oGm;onf/
]]ynwfw&m;rydkifqdkifaom omoemyvlwdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmif;qdkaomt&mudk tvdk
tavsmufusifhaomtcg ynwfw&m;r½SdMuaomfvnf; xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkUü ynwfw
&m;yifjzpfoGm;onf/
]]omoemyvlwdkUü ynwfw&m;r½Sdaomfvnf;ynwfw&m;\ynwfcsufrsm;udk rdrdwdkUoabm
jzifh vGwfvyfpGmusifhMuonfhtcg? olwdkUüynwfw&m;r½Sdaomfvnf; ? ¤if;wdkUonf olwdkUü
ynwfw&m;yif jzpfoGm;onf/
107
NJB
]]om"utm;jzifh ynwfw&m;rMum;cJhbl;ol omoemyvlrsm;onf rdrd\aMumif;usKd; qifjcif
rI\vrf;jyrIjzifh ynwfw&m;\ynwfcsufrsm;udk usifhMuaomtcg? ynwfw&m;udk wu,f
wrf; rydkifqdkifMuaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkUudk ynwfw&m;[kajymEkdifonf/
vlrsKd;wdkif;ü vlrIa&;pHxm;&mjzpfaom? t&if;cHudk,fusihfw&m;½SdMuonf/ olwdkUü rdrdwdkU&½Sdaomtvif;
w&m;tay: wm0ef½SdMuonf/ (1aum 9;21)/ rdrdwdkUvlrsKd;\ ,Ofaus;rItvif;w&m;twdkif;usifhygu bk&m;
ocifESifhrSefuefEdkifonf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkUyifudk,ftm;jzifh bk&m;ociftm; od½Sd&jcif;
tay:wm0ef½SdMuonf/
2;15 ]]olwdkU\ udk,fudkudk,fodaompdwfonf oufaocHojzifh olwdkU\tawG;onf rdrdwdkUtm; tjypf
wifvdkuf? tumtuG,fay;vdkufjzifh wvSnfhpDjzpfae&m}}þae&mü udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&mtwGif; tZöKwå
toH[lí½Sdonf/ odkUaomf or®musrf;pmtm; 0dnmOfawmf\em;vnfoabmaygufapjcif;onfomvQif
tjynfht0,HkMunfpdwfcs&onf/ tjypfxJusqif;jcif;onf uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fudkudk,fodwwfjcif; (MowåyÜ
pdwf)udk xdkcdkufcJhjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ rnfodkUjzpfap vltcsKdUwdkUonf zefqif;jcif;(1;18-20)ESifh udk,fusihf
w&m;qdkif&m twGif;tZöKwåtoH(2;14-15)tm; ydkifqdkifxm;Muonf/ *&dpum;vHk; ]]udk,fudkudk,f odwwf
aompdwf}}(0g) ]]tqdk;taumif;cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaom pdwf}}ac:MowåyÜpdwf}}(syneidesis)ESifhwlnDaom a[NAJ
pum;vHk;r½Sdacs/ tqdk;taumif; cGJjcm;odwwfjcif;wnf;[laom udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m vdyfjympdwf t,ltq
taMumif; *&dawG;ac:½Sif stoic *dkPf;om;rsm;(csKyfwnf;onf;cHjcif; t,l0g')u rMumcPaqG;aEG;Muonf/
aygvkonf *&d awG;ac:½Sifrsm;taMumif; wm½INrdKUü ynmoifMum;pOf aumif;pGm oduRrf;cJhonf/ (Clenthes
tm; wrefawmf 17;28/ Menandar tm; 1aum 15;33 ESifh Epimenides tm; wdwk 1;12 wdkUü &nfnTef;
onf)/ olarG;zGm;&m wm½INrdKUrSm *&dvlrsKd;wdkU\ w&m;a[mjcif;twwfynmESifh *&d'óeduynmoifausmif;
rsm; taumif;qHk;½Sd&mt&yf[k emrnf&onf/
2;16 ]]aomaeUü}} 2;5 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
]]iga[majymaom
{0Ha*vdw&m;ESifhtnD}}aygvka[majymonfhzGifhjyrIrsm;ukd &nfnTef;aMumif;? usrf;p
um;tquftpyfjzifhjyoonf/ ]]ig}}[laompum;vHk;onf olUtm;tyfESif;xm;onfh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
qkdif&m b@mxdef;t&mtm; aygvkem;vnfoabmaygufyHkudk xif[yfaponf/ (16;25/ 1aum 15;1/
*vmwd 1;11/ 1wd 1;11/ 2wd 2;8)/ tpöa&;r[kwfaom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfBuD;tjzpf?
a,½ItaMumif; or®mw&m;tm; *&d,Ofaus;rIvGrf;rdk;onfh a&mrtifyg,mtwGif; ysHUEHSUapa&;twGuf rdrdü
wm0ef½SdyHktm; tHhMowkefvIyfbG,f&mcHpm;yHkudk xif[yfaponf/
]]vl w d k U \vQKd U 0S u f c suf r sm;ud k
pD&ifawmfrlvwHh}} bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vHk;\pdwfESvHk;wdkUudk od½Sd
onf/(1"r® 2;7/ 16;7/ 3"r® 8;39/ 1&mZ0ifcsKyf 28;9/ 2&mZ0ifcsKyf 6;30/ qmvH 7;9/ 44;21/ 139;1-6/
okwåH 15;11/ 21;2/ a,&rd 11;20/ 17;10/ 20;12/ vkum 15;16/ wrefawmf 1;24/ 15;8/ a&mr 8;27/
Asm 2;23)/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onf om;awmf\udk,fpm;vS,f aqmif½GufrItm;jzifh vlwdkU\jyKrlvkyfaqmifrI
rsm;ESihf bmaMumifh xdkodkUjyKrlvkyfaqmifaMumif;tm; w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mtjrifjzifh jyefvnfpDppfvdrfhrnf/
(róJ 25;31-46/ Asm'dwf 20;11-15)/
108
]]c&pf a wmf a ,½I r S w qif h } }a,½Ionf
w&m;olBuD;tjzpfaqmif½Guf&ef <uvmcJhjcif;r[kwfacs/ (a,m[ef
3;17-21)crnf;awmfbk&m;tm;zGifhjy&ef? udk,fpm;jyKtaocH&efESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;vdkufem&ef Oyrmay;bdkU
<uvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ vlrsm;onf a,½Itm;jiif;qefMuonfhtcg rdrdudk,frdrd w&m;pD&ifMujcif;jzpfonf/
odkUwap a,½Ionf w&m;pD&if&mü crnf;awmfudk,fpm; aqmif½Gufvdrfhrnf[lívnf; "r®opfusrf;u
oGefoifonf/ (a,m[ef 5;22?27/ wrefawmf 10;42/ 17;31/ 2wd 4;1)/ a,½Ionf w&m;olBuD;avm?
u,fwifaomt½Sifavm[lonfh wif;rmrIudk a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü awGUEdkifonf/ (3;17-21/ 9;39)/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / /2;17-24
17
odkUaomfvnf; ,k'vl[k orkwfjcif;udkcHaomol? ynwfw&m;awmfudk udk;pm;aomol? bk&m;
18
ocifudktrSDjyKí? 0g<um;aomol tvdkawmfudkod½Sdaomol? ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifh oGefoifjcif;cH&
19
aomoljzpfum? r½Sdrjzpf ta&;BuD; t&mrsm;udk odaomoljzpfonfESifhtnD vluef;wdkUtm; vrf;jy
aomol? arSmifrdkufüaexdkifolwdkUudk vif;apaomol 20rdkufrJaomolwdkUudk qHk; raomol? r&ifhusuf
aomolrsm;\q&morm;? ynwfw&m;awmfrS todynmudkvnf;aumif;? or®mw&m;üyg½Sdaomt&m
wdkUudkvnf; aumif; od½Sdoltjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd rSwf,lonfrSefvQif 21olwyg;udk oGefoifaomoifonf
rdrdudk,frdrd roifoavm? rcdk;&[lí olwyg;udk oGefoifaomoifonf? rdrdudk,fwdkif cdk;,lxavmh?
22
olwyg;r,m;udk rjypfrSm;&[lí olwyg;tm;oGefoifa omoifonf rdrdudk,fwdkif olYr,m;udkjypfrSm;
oavm? ½kyfwkudk½GH½Smaomoifonf AdrmefawmfudkazgufxGif;cdk;,loavm? 23ynwfw&m;awmfudk trSD
jyKí 0g<um;aomoifonf ynwfw&m;awmfudkvGe fusL;ojzifh bk&m;ocif\*kPftoa&awmftm;
ysufjym;apoavm/ 24taMumif;rlum;? usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD bk&m;ocif\emrawmfonf oifwdkY
aMumifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;Mum;ü ½Iwfcsjcif;cH&\/
2;17 ]]rSefvQif}}(if )¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrifürSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;
jcif;(0g) ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ þtajctaeonf tcef;i,f20txdjzpfaomfvnf; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;rjyKojzifh
TEV onf ¤if;wdkUtm; a,½IjyKcJhjcif;tjzpfrSwf,lum twnf0gustjzpf bmomjyefonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf
rdrdwdkYrsKd;EG,f? "avhxHk;wrf;ESifhvkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtm;u,fwifjcif;ay;vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/
(róJ 3;9/ a,m[ef 8;33?37?39)/

]]bk&m;ocifudktrSDjyKí 0g<um;/}} *sL;vlrsKd;trsm;tjym; tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKMuonfrSm (1) tmjA[H\
trsKd;tEG,fjzpf&jcif;ESifh (2) bk&m;ocif\vufoifhcHrI&ap&ef arma½S\ynwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaom rdrdwdkU\
vkyfaqmifrIrsm;jzpfonf/ rnfodkUjzpfap ynwfawmftm;jzifh olwdkYudk,folwdkY ajzmifhrwfapjcif;w&m;onf
olwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS cGJxGufoGm;aponf/ (róJ 5;20/ *vmwd 3)aMuuGJbG,f&m ajymif;jyef
tusKd;oufa&mufrIygwum;!
aygvkonf 0g<um;jcif;oabmw&m;tm; 1aum&dEÅKMo0g'pmü touf0ifaponf/ aygvkonf rme
axmifvTm;aomtpöa&;ESifh*&dvlrsKd;wdkU\ ynmrmeESpfrsKd;vHk; &ifqdkifcJhonf/ tqHk;tjzwfay;aom tjzpfrSefrSm
bk&m;ocifrsufarSmufawmfü b,folrQ0g<um;p&m ½Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf[líjzpf\/
109
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 0g<um;jcif;
*&da0g[m&rsm;jzpfonfhkauchaomai,
kauchēma
ESifhkauchēsis
wdkUudk
aygvku
oHk;q,fhig;BudrfcefYoHk;cJh &m"r®opfusrf;ü tjcm;ESpfae&müoHk;onf/ (ESpfckpvHk; ,mukyf)¤if;tm; 1 ESifh
2aum&dEÅKMo0g'pmrsm;ü ydkí oHk;onf/
0g<um;jcif;ESifhqufpyfaom or®mw&m;ESpfck t"duawGU&onf/
 bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü rnfolrQ 0g<um;&vdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ (1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;9)/
 ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;ü 0g<um;&ayrnf/ (1aum 1;31/ a,&rd 9;23?24 udk &nfnTef;onfh
2aum 10;17)
xdkUaMumifh oifhavsmfaom0g<um;jcif;ESifh roifhavsmfaom0g<um;jcif; (Oyrm - rme)
u/ oifhavsmfaom 0g<um;jcif;
1/ bkef;wefcdk;awmftm; arQmfvifjhcif; (a&mr 4;2)
2/ ocifa,½Itm;jzifh bk&m;ocifaMumifh 0g<um;jcif; (a&mr 5;11)
3/ ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\vuf0g;uyfwdkifw&m;awmfaMumifh (aygvk\t"duOD;wnfcsufrSm 1aum
1;17-18/ *vmwd 6;14)
4/ aygvk0g<um;onfrSm
(u) tcaMu;aiGr,lbJ trIawmfaqmif½Gufjcif; (1aum 9;15?16/ 2aum 10;12)
(c) c&pfawmfay;aom rdrd\tcGifhtmPm (2aum 10;8?12)
(*) tjcm;olrsm;\vkyfaqmifrItm;jzihf r0g<um;jcif;(aum&dEÅKNrdKU½Sd vltcsKdUuJhodkU aum 10;15)
(C) rdrd\rsKd;½kd;tarGaMumifh (aum&dEÅKNrdKU½SdvltcsKdUuJhodkU-2aum 11;17/ 12;1?5?6)
(i) olpwifonfhtoif;awmfrsm;
(1) aum&dEÅK (2aum 7;4? 14/ 8;24/ 9;2/ 11;10)
(2) oufomavmed (2ouf 1;4)
(3) bk&m;ocif\ESpfodrfhrIESifh u,frjcif;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;/ (2aum 1;12)
c/ roifhavQmfaom 0g<um;jcif;
1/ *sL;jzpfjcif;aMumifh qufcH&½SdonfhtarGaMumifh (a&mr 2;17?23/ 3;27/ *vmwd 6;13)
2/ aum&dEÅKtoif;awmftwGif; vltcsKdU0g<um;MuonfrSm
(u) vlrsm;aMumifh (1aum 3;21)
(c) OmPfynmaMumifh (1aum 4;7)
(*) vGwfvyfoljzpfjcif;aMumifh (1aum 5;6)
3/ q&morm;twkta,mifwdkUonf aum&dEÅKtoif;awmftwGif; 0g<um;cGifh&½SdEkdif&ef BudKpm;Muonf/
(2aum 11;12)
2;18 ]]ESpfouf/}}(approve) ¤if;onf *&dBud,m dokimazŌ \ PRESENT
onf/ prf;oyfjcif;ESifhqdkifaom atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
110
ACTIVE INDICATIVE
yHkpHjzpf
txl;taMumif;t&m/
t"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm;
/prf;oyfjcif;twGuf *&da0g[m&rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\
&nf½G,fcsufwpfcktwGuf wpHkwa,muftm;prf;oyfjcif; (ppfaMumjcif;)[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdaom *&da0g[m&ESpf
vHk;½Sdonf/
1/ DokimazŌ, Dokimion, Dokimasia
þa0g[m&rSm owåKypönf;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD; wpHkw&m\ppfrSefrItm; rD;jzifhprf;oyfjcif;udk
vltm;&nfnTef;um wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/ rD;onf ypönf;wpfcktm; owåKppfppfjzpfaMumif;azmfjy
um tnpftaMu;? trIdufo½dkufrsm; avmifuRrf;(oefYpif)oGm;aponf/ ow¬Kypönf;üoHk;aom þvkyfxHk;
vkyfenf;onf bk&m;ocifESifhpmwefrm&fewf(0g)vlom;rsm;twGuf tjcm;olrsm;tm; prf;oyf? ppfaMum&ef
tm;ygvSaomtoHk;tEIef;wpfckjzpfvmonf/ þa0g[m&udk tjyKoabmprf;oyfrIjyKjcif;üom toHk;jyKNyD;?
vufoihfcHjcif;jyK&ef &nf½G,fcsufjzifh vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;udk "r®opfusrf;ü prf;oyfjcif;twGuf
toHk;jyKyHkwdkUrSm
u/ EGm;xD; - vkum 14;19
c/ rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif - 1aum 11;28
*/ rdrdwdkU\,HkMunfrI - ,mukyf 1;3
C/ bk&m;ociftm;f - a[NAJ 3;9
þprf;oyfrI (jrefrmusrf;pmü ]]pHkprf;? pHkprf;aESmifh,Suf? ppfaMumpHkprf;}} )rsm;\&vm'frSm taumif;buf
jzpf&ef arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 1;28/ 14;22/ 16;10? 2aum 10;18/ 13;3/ zdvdyÜd 2;27/ 1ay
1;7)/ xdkUaMumifh þa0g[monf wpHkwa,muftm; prf;oyfNyD;? auseyfESpfoufp&mjzpfapjcif; oabm
jzpfonf/
(u) xdkufwefrI½Sdap&ef
(c) aumif;rGefap&ef
(*) ppfrSefap&ef
(C) wefbdk;½Sdap&ef
(i) *kPfjyKjcif;cHap&ef
2/ PeirazŌ, Peirasmus
þa0g[m&onf tjypf½Sm&ef(0g)jiif;y,f&ef&nf½G,fcsufjzifh prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;[laom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
¤if;udk oJuEÅm&xJ a,½Itm;pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifhqufpyfí oHk;avh½Sdonf/
(u) ¤if;onf a,½Itm;axmifacsmufqif&ef tm;xkwfjcif;oabmudk azmfjyonf/ (róJ 4;1/ 16;1/
19;3/ 22;18?35/ rmuk 1;13/ vkum 4;38/ a[NAJ 2;18)
(c) þa0g[m& (peirazŌn)udk rm&fewf\emrnfwpfrsKd;tjzpf róJ 4;3/ 1ouf 3;5wdkUüoHk; onf/
(*) bk&m;udkprf;oyfjcif;(tpHktprf;jyKjcif;)rjyK&ef BudKwifowday;&mü a,½ItoHk;jyKonf/ (róJ 14;7/
vkum 4;12/ (0g)c&pfawmfudk-1aum 10;9)/ ¤if;tm; ½IH;edrfhcJhNyD;(0g)ratmif rjrifjzpfcJhaom
t&mwpfcktm; jzpfajrmufvm&ef tm;xkwfjcif;tm; azmfjy&efvnf;oHk;onf/ (wrefawmf 9;20/
20;21/ a[NAJ 11;29)/ ¤if;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;(trials)
ESifhqdkifíoHk;onf/ (1aum 7;5/ 10;9?13/ *vmwd 6;1/ 1ouf 3;5/ a[NAJ 2;18/ ,mukyf
1;2?13?14/ 1ay 4;12/ 2ay 2;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;xH &efoloHk;rsKd;(avmu? aoG;om;
ZmwdESifhrm&fewf)tm; wdusaomtcsdefESihfae&mü ay:vm&efcGifhjyKonf/
111
]]ynwfw&m;}}ti,f 17 onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;jzpfojzifh]]ynwfw&m;}}qdkonfrSm a[a½S\ynwf
w&m;udkqdkvdkonf/ ti,f 25 ü ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif;yg½Sdjcif;onf ¤if;udk twnfjyKonf/
2;18-20 *sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\vrf;(*sL;bmom)onf rSefaomvrf;? bk&m;ocifxHawmf oGm;&m
wpfckwnf;aomvrf;tjzpf ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ olwdkUonf bmoma&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;ü rSefuefaomq&m
rsm;tjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ (róJ 15;14)/ tcGifhxl;&jcif;onf wm0ef0wå&m;udkvnf; ,laqmif
vmonf/ (vkum 12;48)
tvm;wlpum;pkrsm;onf olwdkU\,HkMunfrIESihfqdkifonf (róJ 15;14/ 23;16?24/ vkum 6;39)
1/ rsufuef;rsm;tm; vrf;jyoli,f 19
2/ tarSmifxJ½Sdolrsm;twGuf tvif;? i,f 19
3/ rdkufrJolrsm;tm; oGefoifol? i,f 20
4/ r&ifhusufaomolrsm;twGuf q&morm;? i,f 20
5/ ynwfawmfü yg0ifaomtodynmESifh or®mw&m;tm; od½Sd&jcif;? i,f 20
2;21-24 rdrd\emcHEdkifrIudk tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKrnfqdkygu xdkemcHrIonf tjynfht0emcHjcif;jzpf&ygrnf/
(róJ 5;20?48/ *vmwd 3;10/ w&m;a[m 27;26ESifh ,mukyf 2;10)/ ¤if;rSm usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;
twGuf rjzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\*sL;vlrsKd;pm½Iolrsm;tm; ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;onf/ i,f
21-23
2;22 ti,f 22-23 ü aygvkrnfonfht&mtm; &nfnTef;aMumif;od½Sd&ef cufcJonf/ þa&;om; azmfjyrIonf
aygvkacwfumv *sL;vlrsKd;trsm;pkESihfrudkufnDojzihf? a,½Iu ynwfawmftm; róJ 5;20-48ü teufjyef
jcif;ay;aomyHkpHrsKd;jzifh 0dnmOfa&;&moabm toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ George Ladd onf rdrda&;om;jyKpk
onfh A Theology of the New Testament pmtkyfüajymonfrSm ]]bk&m;ocifESifhom xdkufwefonfh *kPfto
a&tm; rdrdwdkUtwGufvk,ljcif;? 0dnmOfa&;&mü tjcm;olrsm;\r,m;ESihfjypfrSm;ol enf;wljzpfjcif;? w&m;ol
BuD;uJhodkU rdrdwdkUudk,frdrd csD;ajr§mufum? bk&m;ocifüom jyK&rnfhqufuyfrItm; rxDrJhjrifjyKjcif;ESifh rdrdwdkU
enf;wl tzefqif;cHvlowå0gcsif;wdkUtay: t½Sifociftjzpf jyKrIjcif;wdkUtaMumif;tm; aygvk&nfnTef;ae
jcif;jzpf&ayrnf/}} pmrsufESm 505/
2;22]]½kyfwkudk½GHU½Sm}}ykyfodk;aomt&mwpfckqDrS vSnfhxGufoGm;jcif;onf þa0g[m&\t"dyÜg,f&if;jzpfonf/
]]Adrmefudk azgufxGif;cdk;,loavm}}¤if;onf rnfonfht&mtm;nTef;qdkaMumif; ordkif;aMumif;t& aocsm
rod&aomfvnf; ½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,fjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/
2;23 ]]0g<um;}}txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 0g<um;jcif; - 2;17 üMunfhyg/
2;24 ¤if;udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;\a[½Sm, 52;5 rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ y#dnmOfw&m;tm; apmifhxdef;jcif;
aMumifh tpöa&;vlrsKd;tm; bk&m;ocifaumif;csD;ay;jcif;onf (w&m;a[m 27-28)urÇmavmutwGuf
oufaowpf&yfjzpfonf/ odkUaomf tpöa&;onf xdky#dnmOfw&m;udk apmifhxdef;jcif; r½SdcJhbl;ojzifh? urÇmonf
bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;udkomvQif awGUjrifcJh&onf/ (a,Zausv 36;22-32)/ tpöa&;EkdifiHonf
112
,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;\ EdkifiHawmftjzpfwnf½Sdaeum? (xGuf? 19;5-6)wpfurÇmvHk;tm;
bk&m;ocif)udk ,HkMunfvmap&efjzpfonf/ (urÇm 12;3/ {zuf 2;11-3;13)
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREfkyf (Bob)\{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5 üMunfhyg/
YHWH
(xm0&t½Sif
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / / 2;25-29
25
oifonf ynwfw&m;udkusifhvQif ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;tm;jzifhtusKd;½Sd\/ odkUaomf ynwfw&m;udk
vGefusL;vQif? oif\ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf ta&zsm;rvSD;jcif;jzpfoGm;\/ odkUjzpfí ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
udkrcHaomolonf ynwfw&m;\awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk apmifha½SmufvQif? xdkol\ta&zsm;rvSD;jcif;
tjzpfudk ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;uJhodkU rSwf,l&vdrfhrnfr[kwfavm/ 27udk,fcE¨mta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk rcHaom
olonf ynwfw&m;udkapmihfa½SmufvQif usrf;pmESifht a&zsm;vSD;jcif;½Sdvsufyif? ynwfw&m;udkvGef
28
usL;aomoifhudk w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnfr[kwfavm/ taMumif;rlum; tjyifo@meftm;jzifh ,k'vljzpf
aomolonf ,k'vlrSefr[kwfonfenf;wl? tjyifo@mefaoG;om;ü ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf ta&zsm;
vSD;jcif;trSefr[kwf/ 29okdUaomf twGif;o@meftm;jzifh ,k'vljzpfaomolonf ,k'vltrSefjzpf\/
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onfvnf; usrf;a[mif;w&m;tm;jzifhr [kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfw&m;tm;jzifh pdwfESvHk;
ESifhpyfqdkif\/ olUudkcsD;rGrf;olrSm vlrsm;r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifjzpfownf;/
26
2;25 ]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;}}aygvkonf jypfwifa0zefjcif;yHkpHtokH;tEIef; qufvufoHk;aeao;onf/ wpfpHkwpf
a,mufaomolu ]]igwdkUonf tenf;qHk;taejzifhajym&ygu ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolawG r[kwfaybl;vm;}}[lí
ar;cGef;xkwfvmEkdifonf/ (urÇmOD; 17;10-11)/ igwdkUonf tmjA[H\tquftEG,frsm; jzpfMuonf[laom
*sL;vlrsKd;wdkU jrwfEdk;vSonfh tqdktm; yGifhvif;pGmESifh &Jwif;pGmjzifh cGgxkwfypfvdkufonf/ (róJ 3;7-10/
a,m[ef 8;31-59)
ygvufpwdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;uvTJvQif tpöa&;\tdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm;vHk; ta&zsm;vSD;Muonf/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;
oufoufonf t"dyÜg,fr½SdbJ? rdrd&½Sdxm;aom,HkMunfjcif;tm; qufvufxdef;odrf;jcif;onfomvQif ¤if;\
qdkvdk&if;jzpfonf/ (i,f 26-27/ w&m;a[m 10;16/ 30;6)/ bmoma&;qdkif&m vkyf½dk;vkyfpOftm;vHk; xdkenf;
wljzpfonf/ bmoma&;yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfw&m;üygaom rdrdwdkU\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk
ab;z,fxm;Muum? ¤if;tm;jzifh &½Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udkom vdkcsifMuavh½Sdonf/
2;25-26 ]]vQif...vQif...vQif}}/ ¤if;wdkUrSm wwd,wef;pmcRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;? tem*wfumvü vkyf
aqmifEkdifacs½Sdjcif;udk nTef;onf/ tcef;BuD; 2 üaygvkajymonfhtaMumif;t&m\aomhcsufrSm emcHjcif;(w&m;
a[m 27-30)jzpfaomfvnf; 3;21-31ürl xdkodkUr[kwfacs/ (*vmwd 3)/ emcHjcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\
tusKd;&vm'fjzpfaomfvnf;? aus;Zl;awmfrSm ¤if;\tajccHjzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-10)/
2;26-27 tcsKdUaomwpfyg;trsKd;om;(*sL;r[kwfol)wdkUonf rdrdwdkU&½Sdaomtvif;w&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIay;Mu
ojzifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ay;onf/ (ti,f 26 \tajztjzpf ]][kwfygonf}}tm; arQmfvifhxm;onf)/ ¤if;twGuf
or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh ay;Ekdifonfhwpfckwnf;aomOyrmrSm wrefawmf 10 u aumaevdjzpfonf/ olonf
bk&m;ocifudkaMumuf½GHUum? *sL;w&m;Z&yfü 0wfjyKoljzpfojzifh þusrf;ydk'fESifh oihfawmfjcif;r½SdvSacs/ *sL;vl
rsKd;rsm; u,fwifjcif;&½Sd&efvdktyfaMumif; aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm;twGuf þtcef;i,frsm;rSm trSefyif
nDnTwfrQwaomtaMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf c&pfawmfrygvQif 0dnmOfa&;&maysmufqHk;
113
olrsm;jzpfaMumif; a&mr 3;23ü tusOf;csLHUazmfjyonf/ zefqif;jcif;ESifh twGif;tZöKwåo@mefü½Sdaom vlYusihf
0wfqdkif&mtodtjriftwdkif; touf½Sifolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;½SdcJhrnfqdkvQif? olwdkUonf c&pfawmftm; wHkUjyef
Ekdif&ef tcGifhaumif;wpHkw&mtm;? enf;vrf;wrsKd;rsKd;jzifh? wpfcsdefcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/
2;28-29 ]],k'vlrSefr[kwf...,k'vltrSefjzpf\/}}þtcsufrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ taMumif;rSm acwf
opf"r®ynm½SiftkyfpktcsKdUonf "r®a[mif;acwfu bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;awmfESihf "r®opfacwfu bk&m;ocif\
vlrsm;udk cGJjcm;Ekdif&ef tm;xkwfMuonf/ y#dnmOfwpfrsKd;ESifh vlrsKd;awmfwpfrsKd;omvQif½Sdonf/ (a&mr 9;6/
*vmwd 3;7-9?29/ 6;16/ 1ay 3;6)/ y#dnmOfw&m;topf[lonf y#dnmOfw&m;ta[mif; wdk;wufum
jynfhpHkvmjcif;jzpfNyD;? wpfckaomt&m\tydkif;ESpfydkif;omvQifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;awmf[lonf
rsKd;½dk;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhomjzpfonf/ olwdkUonf]]ESvHk;om;vlrsKd;}}jzpfNyD; bmoma&;vkyf½dk;
vkyfpOf(0g) vlrsKd;a&;vlrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ aomhcsufrSm rdbr[kwfbJ ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ trSwftom;rSm
y#dnmOfw&m;\ trSwftom;r[kwfbJ? ¤if;\ pdwf"mwfomvQif jzpfonf/
 ]]aoG;om;}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/
2;29 y#dnmOfw&m;\ trSwftom;jzpfaomta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rSm (urÇmOD; 17;14)vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m;
ocifxHawmfodkUcsOf;uyf&ef vrf;yGifhaejcif;tm; wifpm;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;tm; wifpm;azmfjyrItrsKd;rsKd;½Sd&m
1/ ESvHk;om;ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (w&m;a[m 10;16/ 30;6/ a,&rd 4;4/ 9;24-25)
2/ em; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (a,&rd 6;10)
3/ EIwfcrf;ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (xGufajrmuf 6;12?30)/
ynwfw&m;awmf\oabmrSm rnfonfhtcgürS jyifyo@mefqdkif&m Oya'or[kwfcJhbJ? bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\p½kdufESifh uwdawmfrsm;tm; tm'H\om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;twGuf zGifhjy&mjzpfNyD;? xm0&t½Sifbk&m;ocif
(YHWH)ESihf aeYpOfqufpyfum? toufwmajymif;vJoGm;apaomw&m;jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ynwfw&m;awmftm; aygvk½IjrifyHk 13;9 üMunfhyg/

NASB ]]usrf ; a[mif ; w&m;tm;jzif h r[k w f b J ? 0d n mOf a wmf w &m;tm;jzif h ? pd w f E S v H k ; ES i h f p yf q d k i f \ /}}
NKJV ]]usrf ; a[mif ; txJ r [k w f b J ? 0d n mOfa wmf t xJ pd w f E S v H k ; ES i f h q k d i f \ /}}
NRSV ]]pd w f E S v H k ; ES i f h q d k i f a omt&mjzpf \ / ¤if ; onf yuwd t wd k i f ; r[k w f b J ? 0d n mOf a &;&mjzpf o nf / }}
TEV ]]¤if ; onf usrf ; a[mif ; w&m;r[k w f b J ? bk & m;ocif\ 0d n mOf a wmf tvk y f v k y f j cif ; jzpf o nf / }}
NJB ]]usrf ; a[mif ; w&m;r[k w f b J ? pd w f E S v H k ; xJ 0d n mOf a wmf E S i f h q d k i f o nf / }}
þpum;pkonf *&dusrf;ü t"dyÜg,froJuGJacs/ tcsKdUbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü ¤if;udk0dnmOfa&;ESifh aoG;om;
ZmwdwdkY \qefUusifbufjzpfaeyHktm; &nfnTef;csuftjzpf ,lxm;Muonf/ (NRSV, The Twentieth Century
New Testament, Knox\bmomjyefusrf;? Peshitta u Lamsa bmomjyefusrf;? Williams \bmom
jyefusrf;ESifh New Berkeley Version)/ tjcm;aombmomjyefusrf;rsm;onf oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh
(&;6/ 2aum 3;6 wdkUü tvm;wlzGJUpnf;yHkrsKd;wpfck awGU&onf) tu©pmvHk;jzifha&; aomusrf;pm (NASB,
NKJV, NEB, NIV ESifhTEV pojzifh) wdkU\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;tjzpf ½IjrifMuonf/ The Jerome Biblical
Commentary ac: teufzGifhusrf;\pmrsufESm 299ü 2aum 3;6 udktajcjyKum? ¤if;onf y#dnmOfw&m;
a[mif;ESifh y#dnmOfw&m;topfwdkUtm; &nfnTef;aomaygvk\wifpm;rI ta&;tom;rsKd;jzpfNyD;? yxrazmfjy
114
csufonf jyifyo@mefjzpfaom ynwfw&m;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,azmfjycsufonf topfaomtwGif;pdwfo@mef
ESifh 0dnmOfawmfacwfopfü oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfay;onfh topfaom0dnmOfjzpfonf[kqdkygonf/
tcsKdUaomwpfyg;trsKd;om;wdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ociftm; auseyfrIjyK
aumif;jyKEkdifMuaMumif; aygvkaqG;aEG;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&mrSefuefcJhrnfqdkvQif? cE¨mudk,fta&zsm;
udkomvSD;olrsm;(*vmwdNrdKUom;rsm;)xuf bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkonf vlrsKd;EG,f*sL;rsm;xuf ydkrdkus,fjyefU
onf/ (urÇmOD; 3;15/ 12;3/ xGufajrmuf 19;5)/ a,mb? arvcdaZ'uf? a,oa&m? umvuf? &mcyfESifh
½kowdkUrSm *sL;vlrsKd;r[kwfMuacs/ {z&drfESifh rema½StrsKd;rsm;onfyifvQif tD*spftrsKd;wpfydkif;jzpfMuonf/
(urÇm 41;50-52)/
aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm;?
rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;onfh
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifhoefU½Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;
olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaomþar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm;
pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ opömrJhjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudk rnfodkUxdcdkufoenf;? (3;3-4)
2/ *sL;jzpf&jcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\a½SUarSmufawmfü tusKd;aus;Zl;wpHkw&m½Sdygovm;? (3;1-8)
3/ a0zefjypfwifpm (diatribe)[lonf tb,fenf;?
4/ a&mr 3;5-8 twGif; a0zefjypfwifpm\t"dutcsufrSm tb,fenf;?
5/ vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ? aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&ygu vlonf rnfodkU
wm0efodpGm touf½Sifoenf;?
6/ vHk;0OókHysufpD;jcif; (total depravity)[laom "r®oabmw&m;rSm tb,fenf;? (3;10-18)
7/ arma½Synwfw&m;\ a,bk,s&nf½G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;? (3;20/ *vmwd 3;24-25)
8/ vlom;usqif;jcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh a&mr 1-3 twGif; tb,faMumifh pmwefudk razmfjyoenf;?
9/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\uwdawmfrsm;rSm cRif;csuftm;jzifh avm? odkUr[kwf cRif;csufrJhavm?
10/ (1)*sL;r[kwfolrsm;ESifh (2)*sL;rsm;\b0toufwmü arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf rnfonfh&nf½G,fcsuf½Sd
oenf;?
11/ 1;18-3;20 twGif; aygvk\aqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm; pmydk'ftvdkuf? rdrdpum;vHk;jzifh tusOf;csKHUa&;yg/
115
a&mr 3
UBS 4
*sL;rsm;ESihfynwfawmf
(2;17- 3;8)
3;1-8
NKJV
bk&m;ocif\w&m;
pD&ifjcif;udkumuG,f
ajymqdkjcif;
ajzmifhrwfolr½Sd
3;9-20
tm;vHk;tjypfjyKNyD
3;9-20
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifh
rwfjcif;
3;21-26
3;27-31
0g<um;p&mz,f½Sm;
3;27-31
NRSV
*sL;jzpf&jcif;
\tusKd;
3;1-8
tm;vHk;tjypf½Sd
3;9-18
3;19-20
ppfrSefaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
3;21-26
0g<um;p&mz,f½Sm;
3;27-31
TEV
NJB
*sL;rsm;ESifh
ynwfawmf
(2;17-3;8)
3;1-4
3;5-6
3;7-8
bk&m;ocif\
uwdawmfrsm;onf
olwdkUudk u,frnf
r[kwf
ajzmifhrwfolr½Sd
3;9-18
3;19-20
bk&m;ocifonf
vludk ajzmifhrwf
apyHk
3;21-26
tm;vHk;tjypf½Sd
3;9-18
3;19-20
bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifrItm;
zGifhjyjcif;
3;21-26
3;27-31
,HkMunfjcif;tvkyf
3;27-31
3;1-8
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm-xi ü½I)
rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif;
teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;
r[kwfacs/
þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\taMumif;
t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm
teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif;
t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
116
usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ ti,f 1-8 onf taMumif;t&mcsif; qufpyfaomfvnf; aygvkonf tjiif;tcHkjyKol wpfa,muf½Sdav
[efyHkpHjzifh a&;om;jcif;enf;oHk;aomaMumifh ol\wwåaA'tm; od½Sd&efcufcJonf/
c/ 2;17-29 tm; *sL;vlrsKd;tcsKdUrnfuJhodkU wHkUjyefEkdifaMumif;tay: aygvkvufOD;rI,lvdkufonfESifh wlyg
onf/ xkdUaMumifh olwdkUjyKrnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk oltajzay;xm;onf/ (Corley, VaughanwdkU\ Romans
pm 37-39)
1/ yxrar;cGef;/ *sL;rsm;twGuf trSefyiftusKd;rJhaeoavm? (i,f 1-2)
2/ 'kwd,ar;cGef;/ tcsKdUaom*sL;rsm;opömr½Sdjcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocifajympum;rsm; tusKd;rJhjzpfoGm;o
avm? (i,f 3-4)
3/ wwd,ar;cGef;/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdtusifhp½dkuftm;zGifhjy&ef *sL;rsm;udkoHk;cJhonfqdkvQif? *sL;wdkU
onf w&m;a&;oabmt& wm0ef½SdaeMuao;ygovm;? (i,f 5-8)
*/ ed*Hk;twGuf 2;11udk jyef,lonf/ bk&m;ocifü rsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sdacs/ vlom;wdkif;onf rdrdwdkU&½Sdonfh
tvif;w&m;(obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif;^txl;zGifhjyjcif;)ESifh wvJTpDtouf½SifaeMujcif;twGuf
wm0ef½SdMuonf/
C/ ti,f 9-18ü *sL;rsm;\tjypfrsm;udk aMumfjimaom"r®a[mif;usrf;rsm;yg½Sdonf/
i/ ti,f 19-20onf tpöa&;\0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaeESifh "r®a[mif;usrf;\&nf½G,fcsufudk tusOf;csLHU
azmfjyonf/ (*vmwd 3)
p/ ti,f 21-31onf 1;18-3;20tm; tusOf;csLHUonf/
¤if;wdkUrSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ yxrOD;qHk;aom"r®oabmw&m;jzpfonf/ (a&mrMo0g'pm rdwfquf
acgif;pOfatmufu ]]t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; tusOf;csKyf}}pmüMunfhyg/)
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; / /3;1-8
1
odkUjzpfvQif ,k'vlwdkUü rnfonfht usKd;xl;½Sdoenf;? odkUr[kwf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf rnfonfh
tusKd;½Sdoenf; ? 2taxGaxGaom tusKd;rsm;pGm½Sdonf/ yxrOD;qHk;taejzifh bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwf
awmfrsm;udk olwdkUtm;tyfxm;onf/ 3odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf;? tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf r,HkMunfcJ h
Muygu? olwdkU\r,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\opömawmfudk y,fzsufvdrfhrnfavm? 4xdkodkU rnf
onfhtcgürQrjzpfEkdif! xdkodkUjzpfrnfhtpm;? vlwdkif;rkomajymMuaomfvnf; rdefUawmfrl&mü ajzmifhrwf
um? w&m;pD&if&mü atmifjrifapownf;[lí usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifum;? rSefuefyg
apownf;/ 5odkUaomf oif\rajzmifhrSefjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifh rSefawmfrljcif;udk xif½Sm;ay:
vGifaponfqdkvQif tb,fodk Uajym&vdrfhrnfenf;? trsufawmfxGufum? 'Pfay;awmfrlol bk&m;ocif
onf rajzmifhrSefoavm?(igonf vlom;oHk;aoma0g[m&jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf) 6rnfonfhtcgürS
xdkodkYrjzpfEkdif! xdkodkUjzpfvQifrl bk&m;ocifonf avmuudk rnfodkUw&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnfenf;? 7odkUaomf
ig\rkomonf bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;tm; wdk;yGg;apum? bkef;awmfxif½Sm;aponfrSefvQif? igonf
tjypfom;wpfa,muftjzpf tb,faMumifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ao;oenf; ? 8xdkUjyif (xdkodkU igwdkY
ajymonf[k vltcsKdUwdkUonfuJh&JUum ajymaeMuonfenf;wl)]]aumif;aomt&mjzpfvmap&ef raumif;
117
aomt&mjyKMuukeftHh}}[k tb,faMumifh rajymMuoenf;? olwdkUonf trSefyifjypf'PfpD&ifjcif;
cHxdkufay\/
3;1 ]]*sL;vlrsKd;wdkUü rnfonfhtusKd;xl;½Sdoenf; ?}}aygvkonf olajymvdkaomtaMumif;t&mtm; azmfjy&mü
jypfwifa0zefpmyHkpH(0g) jiif;cHkolwpfa,mufa,muf½Sdaeav[efjzifh a&;aom[efrsKd; qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpf
onf/ *sL;rsm;&½SdaomtusKd;xl;pm&if;tm; 3;2ESifh 9;4-5wdkUü Munfhyg/ þusrf;ydk'fü tcef;BuD;9-11 twGif;
aygvktus,fw0ifhazmfjyonf/
3;2 ]]yxrOD;pGm}}aygvku ti,f 1;8ü ]]yxrOD;pGm}}[lí ajymaomfvnf; 'kwd,tcsuf[lí razmfjycJhacs/
þae&müvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ aygvka&;om;onfh taMumif;t&mrSm jyif;xefonfhtjyif? ac:ay;í
a&;om;apjcif;jzpf&um? ol\o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkrSm rMumcP rjynfhrpHkjzpfavh½Sdonf/
]]bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmfrsm;udk olwdkUtm;tyfxm;onf}}bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyawmfrlrIrsm;tm; vufcH&
½Sdjcif;onf BuD;us,fvSaomtcGifhxl;wpf&yfjzpfonfenf;wl tHhMoxdwfvefUbG,f&m wm0efBuD;wpf&yfvnf;
jzpfonf/ (9;4-5)/ olwdkUrSm bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmiftm; xdef;odrf;pDrH&ol b@pdk;rsm;jzpfonf/
(AORIST PASSIVE 1ouf 2;4)/
pum;vHk; (logion-Asm'dwfawmf)udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint(Lxx)ü bk&m;ocifajymaompum;
tjzpftoHk;jyKum "r®opfusrf;udkqdkvdkonf/ (awmvnf 24;4? 16/ w&m; 33;9/ qmvH 107;11/ 119;67/
a[½Sm 5;24/ 28;13)/ "r®opfusrf;ü þtjrifjzifh wajy;nDoHk;EIef;onf/ (wref 7;38/ a[ 5;12/ 1ay
4;11)/
3;3 ]]odkUjzpfvQif}}¤if;onf yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufygaom 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk pma&;ol\tjrifü
rSefuefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif; odkYr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 5ESifh7 wdkUonfvnf; tvm;wl
0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
ti,f 3ürl ¤if;\o'´goHk;EIef;yHkt& ]]r[kwf}}[laomtajztm; arQmfvifhonf/

]]tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf r,HkMunf}}
]]tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf opömr½Sd}}
]]olwdkUtcsKdUonf opömr½SdcJhMu[kqdkvQif}}
¤if;onf tpöa&;vlrsKd;wpfOD;csif;\ (1) opömr½Sdjcif;? odkUr[kwf (2) YHWH (xm0&t½Sif bk&m;ocif)
tm; ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhjcif; wpfckcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif\ cRif;csufrJhaom uwdawmfrsm;
(Oyrm -usqif;aomvlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; a½G;EIwfjcif;)ESifh vlom;\wHkUjyefrIqdkif&m cRif;csufygaomapcdkif;
rIrsm;taMumif; ajymjy&efcufcJonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ y#dnmOfw&m;/ 9;4 üMunfhyg/ odkUaomf ¤if;rSm
or®musrf;pmenf;usjzpfonf/(3;4-5)/ rdrd\vlrsm;opömr½Sdaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifrSmrl opöm½Sdonfomjzpf
\/ (a[ma½S 1?3/ 2wd 2;13)/
NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB
TEV
]]y,fzsuf}} atmufyg]]txl;taMumif;t&m}}üMunfhyg/
118
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / y,fzsufonf/ uif;rJha ponf (KATARGEO)
þpum;vHk; (kkatargeŌ)onf aygvkESpfoufaompum;vHk;rsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ olonf ¤if;udk
ESpfq,fhig;BudrfcefY oHk;cJhaomfvnf;? tvGefus,fjyefUaoma0g[m& (semantic)jzpfonf/
u/ ¤if;\'@m&DyHkjyifqdkif&m tjrpfrSm argos [líjzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm
1/ rvIyf½Sm;? rwuf<u
2/ ysif;&d
3/ toHk;rjyK
4/ toHk;r0if
5/ tusKd;roufa&muf
c/ aygif;pyfpum;vHk;tjzpf kata ESihfwGJaomtcg t"dyÜg,frSm
1/ rvIyf½Sm;? rwuf<ujcif;
2/ toHk;r0ifjcif;
3/ y,fzsufaomt&m
4/ azsmufzsufypfaomt&m
5/ tusKd;oufa&mufjcif; vHk;0r½Sdaomt&m
*/ ¤if;udk vkumxJü toD;rJhjcif;tm;azmfjy&ef wpfcgoHk;onf/ xdkUaMumifh toHk;r0ifaomtyif[lí
jzpfonf/ (vkum 13;7)/
C/ aygvkonf ¤if;tm; wifpm;jcif;tjzpf t"dutm;jzifh toHk;jyKjcif;ESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; &efbufjyKaomt&mrsm;udk tusKd;roufa&mufap&efvkyfjcif;
(u) vlom;\tjypf½Sdjcif; obm0 a&mr 6;6
(c) ]]trsKd;tEG,fawmf}}(the seed)ESifhqdkifaom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;ESihfpyfqdkifonfh
arma½S\ynwfusrf;- a&m 4;14/ *vmwd 3;17/ 5;4?11/ {zuf 2;15/
(*) txGuftjrwftmPmwefcdk;rsm; (spiritual forces)- 1aum 15;24
(C) t"r®vl 2ouf 2;8
(i) cE¨mudk,faoqHk;jcif; - 1aum 15;26/ 2wd 1;16/ (a[NAJ 2;14)
2/ ta[mif; (y#dnmOfw&m;? acwfumv) udk topfjzifhtpm;xdk;
(u) arma½S\ynwfcsufqdkif&mrsm; - a&mr 3;3?31/ 4;14/ 2aum 3;7?11?13?14/
(c) xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;taMumif;jzifh ynwfw&m;tm; ½Sif;vif;jcif; - a&mr 7;2? 6/
(*) ,ckacwfumvESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm; - 1aum 13;8?10?11
(C) þudk,fcE¨m - 1aum 6;13
(i) ,ckacwfumvacgif;aqmifrsm; - 1aum 1;28/ 2;6
þpum;vHk;udk trsKd;rsKd;bmomjyefMuaomfvnf; ¤if;\t"dut"dyÜg,frSm wpfpHkwpfcktm; oHk;r&jzpfoGm;
aponf/ y,fzsufí uif;rJhoGm;aponf/ tusKd;oufa&mufjcif;r½Sd jzpfoGm;aponf/ wefcdk;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf
[líjzpfonf/ odkUaomf rwnf½Sdjcif;? zsufqD;jcif;(0g)tpazsmufypfvkdufjcif; oabmum;roufa&mufacs/
 ]]bk&m;ocif\opömawmf}}þor®mw&m;rSm (1aum 1;9/ 10;13/ 2aum 1;18) bk&m;ocifonf
atmufygt&mrsm;tm; (w&m; 7;9/ a[½Sm 49;7),HkMunfudk;pm;jyKjcif;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/
1/ rajymif;rvJaomp½dkufrsm;
119
2/ xm0&uwdawmfrsm;
udk,fawmfonf zefqif;jcif;? zGihfjyjcif;(Asm'dwfawmf)? y#dnmOfw&m;ESifh ar½Sd,tm;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjy
awmfrlonf/ vlom;rsm;rnfrQyif opömrJhaeaomfvnf; udk,fawmfrSmrlopömwnfNrJwnfaeonf! (2wd 2;13)/
3;4
]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpfEkdifyg}}
]]rjzpfEkdifaMumif; aocsmonf}}
]]rnfonfhenf;ESihfrQ rjzpfEkdif}}
]]t"dyÜg,fr ½Sdaom pum;jzpfvdrfhrnf}}
¤if;onf toHk;enf;aom OPTATIVE MOOD jzpfNyD; qE´wpfck(0g)qkawmif;csufwpfcktm; azmfjyjcif;jzpf
ojzihf]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpfEkdifacs}}[lí bmomjyef&ayrnf/ ¤if;onf a[NAJtD'D,HwpfckESifh vnf;
qifwlEkdifonf/ ]]aMumufvefUbG,f&mr,HkMunfrI}}/ þpum;pkudk aygvkrMumcPtoHk;jyKonf/ taMumif;rSm
tjiif;tcHkjyKolwpfa,mufa,muf½Sdav[efjzifh a&;onfhjypfwifa0zefpmyHkpHrSm ol\pma&;[efyifjzpfonf/
(3;4?6?31/ 6;2?15/ 7;7?13/ 9;14/ 11;1/ 1aum 6;15/ *vmwd 2;17/ 3;21/ 6;14)þonfrSm twnf
ajymqdkcsufwpf&yftm; tav;teufjyKum? jiif;qefjcif;jyKae[ef ol\pma&;enf;jzpf onf/
½Sdaeav[efjyKaom jiif;qefol\ar;cGef;rsm;ESifhtqdkrsm;tm; aygvkjiif;qefjcif;yHkpHudkvnf; rSwfom;yg/
1/ ]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgürS jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwf}}/ i,f 4?6
2/ ]]vlwdkif;rkomajymMuaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocifum; rSefuefygapownf;}} i,f 4
3/ ]](vlom;\a0g[m&jzifh igajymaejcif;jzpfonf)}} i,f? 5
4/ ]](igwdkUajymonf[k vltcsKdUuJh&JUajymMuonfenf;wl)}} i,f? 8
NASB
NKJV, TEV
NRSV
NJB
]]vlwdkif; rkomajymMuaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocifum; rSefuefygapownf;}}¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE
IMPERATIVEjzpfonf/ þyHkpHo'´gzGJUpnf;rIrSm taMumif;t&mwpfck qufvufjzpfay:aejcif;udk tajcjyKonf/
bk&m;ocifonf opöm½Sdum? rSefuefonf (txl;taMumif;t&m-1;18 üMunfhyg)/ vlom;rsm;onf opömrJhNyD;?
vdrfnmolrsm;jzpfMuonf? ¤if;onf qmvH 116;11 tm; &nfnTef;csufwpfckjzpfNyD;? a,mbod½SdcJhonfht&m
ESifhvnf;qifwlonf/ 32;2/ 40;8/
wpfavmuvHk;tjypf½Sdjcif;taMumif;tm; pas (wdkif;? tm;vHk;)pum;vHk;toHk;jyKum aygvkwifjyxm;
aomfvnf; i,f 4? 9? 12? 19? 20? 23?24 bk&m;ocifonf wavmuvHk;tm; u,fwifjcif; ay;aejcif;aMumifh
(3;22) udk,fawmftm; csD;rGrf;&aMumif; rSwfom;yg/
]]usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD}} twdtusrSm ]]a&;om;cJhNyD;jzpfum? qufvufa&;om;jcif;cHaeonf}}[líjzpf
onf/ ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVEjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm or®musrf;udk bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmf
rljcif;jzpfaMumif;ajym&ef toHk;tEIef;jzpfvmonf/(róJ 5;17-19)/ ¤if;onf *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint
(LXX) rSvmaom qmvH 51;4 udk owd&aponf/
3;5-6 þtcef;i,frsm;xJ aygvk\azmfjyrIrsm;onf wavmuvHk;tm; qufoG,f&efenf;vrf;tjzpf bk&m;
ocifonf tpöa&;tm; txl;a½G;cs,faMumif; ajymjyonf/ (urÇm 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü
]]a½G;cs,frI}}onf txl;tcGifhta&;wpf&yfr[kwfbJ? trIaqmif½Gufjcif;udknTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkU
ESifhy#dnmOfw&m;wpfckjyKonf/ bk&m;ocifrSm uwdopömwnfonf/ olwdkUü opömw&m;r½Sdacs/ (ae[ 9)/
120
opömrJhaomtpöa&;tm; bk&m;ocifw&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;onf udk,fawmfajzmifhrwfaMumif; taxmuftxm;
jzpfonf/
tpöa&;rSm *sL;r[kwfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm;qufoG,f&ef bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ olwdkU
ysufuGufcJhMuonf (3;24)! tpöa&;ysufuGufcJhjcif;aMumif; wpfavmuvHk;tm;u,fwif&ef bk&m;ocif\
&nf½G,fcsufrxdcdkufacs/(urÇm 3;15)/ trSefrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\rlvy#dnOfw&m;tay: uwdopöm
wnfrItm; a&mr 9-11ü twnfjyKonf/ r,HkMunfoltpöa&;rsm;onf jiif;y,fcHMuaomfvnf;? ,HkMunfol
tpöa&;rsm;onf a½G;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m bk&m;ocif\tpDtpOftm; NyD;qHk;oGm;apMuvdrfhrnf/
aygvk\ i,f 5-6u a0zefpmonf i,f 7-8ESifhwlonf/
3;5 ]]vQif}}¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefuefonf[k ,lqxm;
onfh(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 3 ESifh 7 wdkUonfvnf; yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
]]igwdkU\rajzmifhrwfrIonf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhr wfawmfrljcif;udk ay:vGifxif½Sm;aponf}} ]]igwdkU}}
[laomemrfpm;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk;tm; jcHKí&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf&ayrnf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17ü
Munfhyg/
]]tb,fodkUajym&vdrfhrnfenf;}}aygvkonf a0zefpm[efrsKd;yif qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (3;5/
7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14?39)/ aygvkonf jiif;cHkol½Sdaeav[efrsKd;oHk;um? rdrd\wifjycsufudk ½Sif;vif;csufay;ae
jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmvcd 1;2?6?7?12?13/ 2;14?17 (2 cg)/ 3;7?13?14)/

]](igonf vlom;oHk;aom a0g[m&rsm;jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf)}}
]](igonf vlwpfa,mufuJhodkU ajymonf)}}
]](igonf vlwpfa,mufpum;ajymjcif;rsKd;jzifh ajymonf)}}
]](igonf þae&mü vluJhodkU ajymonf)}}
]]...vlwpfa,muf\cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif; yHkpHrsKd;oHk;onf...}}
aygvkonf rdrd\ "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m tusKd;tjypfazmfjyrIrsm;ü vl\wuúaA'ynmudk
oHk;avh½Sdonf/ (6;19/ 1aum 9;8/ *vmwd 3;15)þae&mü ¤if;onfjiif;cHkol\acsyrIrsm;udk jiif;qefjcif;
tjzpfoHk;onf/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
3;7-8 ti,f 5 ESifh 7wdkUü ay:vGifonfhqifwlrI½Sdonf/ (ESpfckpvHk; ei dei ESihfponf)/ aygvkonf atmuf
ygwdkYteuf wpfckckjzpfonf/
1/ jiif;qefolwpfa,muf½Sdav[efjzifh? a0zefpma&;[efrsKd; qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (3;5? 7/
7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14? 30)
2/ ,HkMunfjcif;wpfckwnf;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufonfqdkaom ol\a[mMum;rItm; a0zefol
rsm;udkwHkUjyefjcif;/ (i,f 8)
aygvkonf tqdkygpGyfpGJrIudk tao;pdwf½Sif;vif;jcif;(0g) ajzqdkjcif;rjyKbJ?tqdkygpGyfpGJrIudk jyif;xefpGm
jypfwifonf/ xdkufwefrI½Sdír[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½SdrIonf bk&m;w&m;rJhrI
rsm;(0g)opömrJhaomremcHrIrsm; jzpfyGg;aprnf[kqdkum? jiif;qefjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfonf
121
topfaompdwfESvHk;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufaomtoufwm ydkifqdkifjcif;rSwqifh c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwlvmapvdrfhrnf
[kaygvk,HkMunfonf! *sL;rsm;? *&dudk,fusihfw&m;orm;rsm;ESihfaygvk tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf rdrdwdkUaMumifh
ajymif;vJvmolwdkUudk udk,fusihfw&m;ESifhavsmfnDpGm touf½SifapvdkMuonfomjzpf\! odkUaomf ¤if;onf
vl\jyify½Sd Oya'owpfckESifhtnD usifhMuHjyKrljcif;tm;jzifhr&½SdbJ? topfaompdwfESvHk;? topfaomtwGif;
0dnmOftm;jzifhom&½Sdonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-36)/
3;7 ]]vQif}}¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD; (ti,f 3 ESihf 5) pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefonf[k
,lqonf (0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/
]]wdk;yGg;aponf}} txl;taMumif;t&m -15;13 üMunfhyg/
]]bkef;awmf}} 3;23 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
9
odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf;? igwdkUonf olwdkUxufomoavm? vHk;0omonfr[kwf/ taMumif;
rlum; ,k'vlrsKd;? *&dvlrsKd;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf tjypfvufatmufü tm;vHk;½SdMuonf[k igwdkUqdkcJhMuNyD/
10
usrf;pmvmonfum; ]]ajzmifhrwfaomolr½Sd? wpfa,mufrQr½Sd/ 11em;vnfaom olr½Sd? bk&m;ocifudk
½Smaomolr½Sd/ 12tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf vrf; vTJcJhMuNyD? twlwlcsnf; yif oHk;r&aomolrsm;jzpfaeMu
NyD/ aumif;aomt&mjyKolr½Sd? wpfa,mufrQr½Sd/ 13olwdkY\vnfacsmif;onf zGifhxm;aomocsFKdif;wGif;
jzpf\/ olwdkY\vQmjzifh qufvufvSnfhpm;Muonf/ a>rqdk;tqdyfonf olwdkUEIwfcrf;atmufü½Sd\/
14
olwdkU\EIwfonf BudrfqJjcif;? cg;onf;jcif;ESifh jynfh\/ 15olwdkU\ajconf taoG;oGef;&ef vsifjref
onf/ 16olwdkU oGm;&mvrf;ü zsufpD;jcif;ESifh BuD;pGmaom'ku©qif;&J½Sd\/ 17Nidrfoufjcif;vrf;udk olwdkU
rod½SdMu/ 18olwdkU\rsufvHk;rsm;ü bk&m;ociftm; aMumuf½GHUjcif;ray:acs/
3;9 ]]igwdkUonf olwdkUxufomoavm}}þtcsufü o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkrSm oJuGJjcif;r½Sdacs/ þusrf;ydk'f\
t"duor®mw&m;rSm vlom;wpf&yfvHk;\ vdktyfcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfjzpfonf[laom tcsufjzpf
\/(3;9? 19? 23/ 11;32/ *vmwd 3;22)/ odkUaomf &nfnTef;&mtwdtusrSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;avm (aygvkESifh
olUtrsKd;) odkUwnf;r[kwf c&pf,mefrsm; (aygvkESifhbk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfcHpm;&ol ,HkMunfolrsm;)avm
qdkonfrSm raocsmacs/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf tusKd;aus;Zl;;ydkí cHpm;cJhMuaomfvnf; (i,f1-2/ 9;4-5) ¤if;
omvGefaomtusKd;aus;Zl;onf ¤if;wdkU\wm0ef ydkrdkBuD;rm;oGm;aponf (vkum 12;48)/ vlom;tm;vHk;
0dnmOfa&;&mü vrf;aysmufaeMuum? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfrSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUtwGuf vdktyfonf/
]]ydkíomonf-better}}qdkaoma0g[m&udk usrf;pmynm½Sif tenf;pkwdkUonf MIDDLE xuf PASSIVE
VOICE (tjyKcHBud,m)tjzpf em;vnfMuonf/ odkUjzifh ¤if;rSm ]]omvGefapjcif; cH&onf}}(0g)]]tusKd;rJhapjcif;
cH&onf}}[lí jzpfvmonf/
a&mrMo0g'pmrSm aygvka&;aompmrsm;teuf a'oEÅ&qdkif&mMum;ae oabmtqefqHk;jzpfonf[k qdkMu
avh½Sdonf/ aygvkay;pmtrsm;pkonf a'oEÅ&wpfckck\vdktyfrI(0g) ta&;BuD;taMumif;t&mwpfckckaMumifh
a&;jcif;jzpfavh½Sdonf/ a&mrNrdKU toif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol*sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ,HkMunfolwpfyg;
trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; remvdkrIonf tcef;BuD; 1-3 ESifh 9-11wdkU\ aemufcHtaMumif;t&mjzpfEkdifonf/
122
]]taMumif;rlum; ,k'vlrsKd;? *&dvlrsKd;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf tjypfvufatmufü tm;vHk;½SdaeMuonf[k
igwdkUqdkcJhMuNyD}}/ þBud,m (AORIST MIDDLE [deponent] INDICATIVE)udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomvQif
awGU&onf/ aygvkonf 1;18? 2;29u rdrdajymcJhonfh taMumif;t&mtm; qufvuf&nfnTef;aejcif;jzpfonf/
]]tjypfvufatmufu}}aygvkonf]]tjypf}} (Jerome Biblical Commentary, p.300)tm; usqif;aom
vlom;rsKd;EG,ftay: tkyfpdk;aeonfhaumuf uspfpOf;vJaom uRefacgif;wpfa,muftvm; wifpm;xm;onf/
(6;16-23)
3;10-18]]usrf;pmvmonfum;}}þpum;pkudk tcef;i,f4 üvnf;awGU&onf/ atmufyg"r®a[mif;usrf;
azmfjycsufrsm;rSm vlom;\usqif;rI tav;teufjyK&ef vl\udk,ft*Fgrsm;jzifh wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/
1/ i,f 10-12/ a' 7;20 (0g) qmvH 14;1-3
2/ i,f 13/ qmvH 5;9 ESihf 140;3
3/ i,f 14/ qmvH 10;7
4/ i,f 15-17/ a[½Sm 59;7-8 ESifh okwåH
5/ i,f 18/ qmvH 36;1
aygvku a[½Sm 53;6 tm; roHk;onfrSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/
19
ynwfw&m;ajymorQpum;wdkUonf ynwfw&m;vufatmufü ½Sdaeolrsm;tm; ajymjcif;jzpf
aMumif; igwdkUonfodMu\/ EIwftm;vHk;ydwfypfjcif;cHum avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ociftay: wm
0ef½Sdolrsm;jzpfvmaponf/ 20ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifa½SUawmfü tb,folrQ ajzmifh
rwf&modkUra&muf&m/ taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;rSwpfqifh 'kp½dkuftjypfudk od½Sd&Mu\/
3;19 ]]igwdkUonf odMu\}}2;2 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
]]ynwfw&m;awmf}} þusrf;ydk'fü þpum;vHk;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;wpfckvHk;tm; &nfnTef;jcif; jzpf&yg
rnf/ (i,f 21)/ taMumif;rSm ti,f 10-18 twGif; ynwfawmfusrf;ac: "r®a[mif;usrf;\ yxrqHk;usrf;
ig;usrf;xJu wpfcsufudkrS owfowfrSwfrSwfazmfjyjcif; r½Sdíjzpfonf/ aygvkonf]]tjypf}}enf;wl(6;16-23)
]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}ukdvnf; ouf½Sdvl om;uJhodkU wifpm;azmfjyonf/
]]ynwfw&m;vufatmufü½Sdaeolrsm;}} þpum;onf ajymif;vJjcif;&½Sdol *sL;vlrsKd;ESifhwpfyg; trsKd;
om;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ &nfnTef;toHk;jyKaom "r®a[mif;usrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;onf wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
tm; ajymqdk&nfnTef;onfrSefaomfvnf; vlom;tm;vHk;tjypf½SdMuonf/ tjypftukodkvfom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
(3;23)!
123

NASB
]]EIwftm;vHk; ydwfypfjcif;cHum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; ocifbk&m;ay: wm0ef½Sdolrsm; jzpfvm
Muaponf/}}
NKJV ]]EI w f t m;vH k ; &yf w H h a pjcif ; cH u m? avmuD o m;tm;vH k ; bk & m;ocif h a ½S U awmf ü tjypf ½ S d o l r sm;
jzpfvmMu\/}}
NRSV ]]EI w f t m;vH k ; wd w f q d w f a pjcif ; cH u m? avmuD o m;tm;vH k ; bk & m;ocif a y: wm0ef ½ S d o l r sm;
jzpfvmMuonf/}}
TEV
]]vlom;\qifajctm;vHk; &yfwHhum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrIatmufü
ydkYaqmifonf/}}
NJB
]]odkUaomf ¤if;onf vlwdkif;tm; wdwfqdwfoGm;apum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ocif\
w&m;pD&ifjcif; cH&rnfholrsm;jzpfvmaponf/}}
¤if;rSm 1;18- 3;20 tm; tusOf;csLHUxm;onfh t"duOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/
]]EIwftm;vHk;}}ti,f 19-20 twGif; vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;tm; &nfnTef;onfhpum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;½Sdyg
onf/
1/ ]]EIwftm;vHk;}} i,f 19
2/ ]]avmuDom; tm;vHk;}} i,f - 19
3/ ]]b,folrQ}}(ZmwdaoG;om;)- i,f 20
3;20]]ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifha½SUawmfü tb,folrQajzmifhrwf&modkUra&muf&m}}
¤if;onf qmvH 143;2 tm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ (a,mb 4;17/ 9;2/ 25;4/ qmvH 130;3/ okwåH
20;9/ a' 7;20/ 3"r® 8;46/ 2&m 6;36)/ odkUaomf tzGifhpum;pkwpfck aygif;xnfhxm;ygonf/ ¤if;rSm
aygvka[monfh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ t"dursufESmpmjzpfonf/ (*vmwd 2;16/ 3;11)/ aygvkonf
qufuyfonfh zg&d½SJ(bmoma&;orm;)wpfOD;yDyD bmoma&;pdwftm;xufoefrIESihf xdkufwefrI&½Sdap&ef vkyf
aqmifrIwdkUonf twGif;Nidrfoufjcif;tm; aqmifMuOf;ay;Edkifjcif;r½SdaMumif; aumif;rGefpGmod½Sdxm;ygonf/
]]ZmwdaoG;om;taMumif;}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/

NASB, NRSV
NKJV
TEV
]]ynwfw&m;rS wqifhtjypfw&m;udk od½Sd&\}}
]]taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh tjypfw&m;udk od½Sd&\}}
]]ynwfw&m;vkyfonfht&mrSm vlonf tjypfjyKcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif;tm; od½Sdap&ef
jzpfonf/}}
NJB
]]ynwfw&m;\wpfckwnf;aomtvkyfrSm tjypf½Sdaomt&mrSm rnfonfht&mjzpf
aMumif; igwdkUudkajymjy&efjzpfonf/}}
¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\&nf½G,fcsufrsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 13;9 ü Munfhyg/
¤if;onf usqif;cJhNyDjzpfaom vlom;xH u,fwifjcif;,laqmifvmap&ef &nf½G,fcsufr½SdcJhbl;acs/ ¤if;\
&nf½G,fcsufrSm tjypf½SdaMumif;zGifhjyum? vlom;tm;vHk;tm; t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocif YHWH xHawmfodkU
armif;ydkU&efjzpfonf/ (4;15/ 5;13? 20/ 7;7/ *vmwd 3;19-22? 23-29)/
124
rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGifwm0ef½Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;onfh
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf; a&;om;
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm;
1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ opömrJhjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudk rnfodkUxddcdkufoenf;? (3;3-4)
2/ *sL;vlrsKd;jzpf&jcif;aMumifh tusKd;aus;Zl; wpHkw&m½Sdygovm;? (3;1-8)
3/ a0zefjypfwifaompm (diatribe)[lonf tb,fenf;? (i,f 5-8)
4/ vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ? aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&ygu vlonf
rnfodkUwm0efodwwfpGm touf½Sifoenf;? (3;8)
5/ vHk;0OókHysufpD;jcif;[laom "r®oabmw&m;(uJvfAift,l0g')tm; t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkyg/ (3;10-18)
6/ arma½S\ynwfw&m; a,bk,s&nf½G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;? (3;20/ *vmwd 3;24-25)
7/ vlom;usqif;jcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh a&mr 1-3twGif; tb,fhaMumifh pmwefudkrabmfjy oenf;?
a&mrMo0g'pm 3;21-31 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ a&mr 3;21-31
1/ 1;18- 3;20tm; tpGrf;ukeftusOf;csLHUjcif;
2/ 1;16-17\qdkvdkcsuf
3/ tcef;BuD; 4-8(txl;ojzifh 3;28)\rdwfquf
c/ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&müwnfapjcif; Mo0g'\tpGrf;ukef tusOf;csLHU
udk tv,facwf jyefvnfjyifqifa&;orm;rsm;(Reformers rmwifvlomESifh tvm;wl yk*¾dKvfrsm;)u
azmfjycJhMuonf/
1/ rmwifvlom - ]]þMo0g'pmESifh or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;\t"dutcsufESihf A[dkcsufrjzpf
onf/}}
2/ *RefuJvfAif - ]]c&pfawmftxJü ay:vGifaombk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm; þusrf;ydk'f
xuf ydkíxif½Sm;pGm azmfjyaomusrf;csufonf or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;ü r½Sdoavmufjzpf
onf/}}
*/ ¤if;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; c&pf,mefrsm;\"r®oabmw&m; tESpfom&jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'f
tm;em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;jzpfonf/
a,m[ef 3;16 onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; usrf;csufwpfcsufwnf;jzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf
enf;wl ¤if;onf pmydk'fESpfydk'fjzifh azmfjyaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;tm; aygvkwifjyjcif;\ toJESvHk;ESifhtoufjzpfonf/
teufjyefrItwGuf aomhcsufar;cGef;oHk;ckrSm
1/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}[laom a0g[m&onf rnfonfht&mudk qdkvdkoenf;?
125
2/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}[laom pum;pkonf rnfonfht&mudk qdkvdkoenf;?
3/ ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; (faith)ESifh ,HkMunfjcif; (believe)a0g[m&ESpfvHk;wdkUonf rnfonfht&m
udkqdkvdkoenf;?
C/ uREkfyfonf ti,f 22 (i,f 29)u ]]tm;vHk;}}qdkaom pum;vHk;ESifh]]vufaqmif}}(5;15?17/ 6;23)
qdkonfhpum;vHk;rsm;aMumifh bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifygonf/
21
,ckrlum; ynwådusrf;ESifhya&mzufusrf;rsm; oufaocHonfESifhtnD ynwfw&m;ESifhrpyfqdkifbJ?
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onf xif½Sm;ay:vGifvmcJhNyD/ 22¤if; rSm ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;twGuf
jzpfaom? a,½Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rS&½Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;jzpfonf/
23
taMumif;rSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNyDjzpfí bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudk rrSDMuacs/
24
c&pfawmf a,½ItxJü½Sdaom a½G;EIwfjcif;rSwqifh? aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfapjcif;cHcJh
MuNyD/ 25bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmf\taoG;awmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh tjypfajz&m,Zftjzpf
xdkt½Siftm; vlxka½SUarSmufü jyocJhonf/ ¤if;rSm ,cifu usL;vGefcJhNyD;aomtjypfrsm;udk rSwfawmf
rrlbJ? onf;cHawmfrl&mü bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;tm; ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap&efjzpf
onf/ 26ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap&ef[kqdk&mü bk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm;,HkMunfoludk ajzmifhrwfapolESifh
(xdkodkYjyK&mü) ajzmifhrwfawmfrlap&ef ,ckvuf½Sdumvü(ay:vGifxif½Sm;aom) ol\ajzmifhrwfawmfrl
jcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/
3;21 ]],ckrlum;}}aygvkonf y#dnmOfw&m;a[mif;ESihf y#dnmOfw&m;topf? acwfa[mif;qefUusifykefuefrI
ESifh acwfopfajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;wdkUtm; EIdif;,SOfjyaejcif;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh ]],ckvuf½Sdumv}}onf (i,f
26 ESifh]],ckrlum;}} - 6;22/ 7;6)ESifh wlnDaomusrf;NydKifrsm;jzpfMuonf/
]]ynwfw&m;ESifh rpyfqdkifaom}}aygvkonf arma½S\ynwådusrf;udk &nfnTef;jcif;avm (NASB)
odkYr[kwf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mw&m; (law)tm;vHk;udkjcHKí nTef;jcif;avm(NRSV, TEV, NJB, NIV) þtzGifh
tcef;BuD;rsm;xJü aocsmajym&efcufcJonf/ þusrf;csufürl aygvk\ajymyHkrSm *sL;ynwådusrf;tm; &nfnTef;
aMumif; taumif;qHk;ajymEkdifonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf csrSwforQ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mESifh vlUtzGJUtpnf;
qdkif&mw&m;Oya'(law)rsm;udk pdwftm;jzifhjzpfap? jyifyvkyfaqmifrItm;jzifhjzpfap azgufzsufMuonf/
usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;taejzifh uRefawmfwdkU\jyomemrSm rdrdwdkU\twå? rdrdtwåudk A[dkjyKaompdwfqE´
rsm;(urÇm 3)uvTJvQif rnfonfhvrf;nTefrIudkrS rvdkvm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,aeUacwf taemufwdkif;\
woD;yk*¾v0g'ü txift½Sm;awGU&onf/

NASB
NKJV, NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}
]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}
]]vlrsm;rdrdESifh rSefuefap&ef bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;}}
]]bk&m;ocif\u,fwifaomw&m;rQwrI}}
126
]]ajzmihfrwfjcif;}}pum;vHk;ü oD;oefU&nfnTef;rIjyaom(the)ryg½Sdacs/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\p½dkufvu©
Pm udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? tjypf½Sdvlom;rsm;tm; tjypfvGwfjcif;ESifh vufoifhcHjcif;enf;vrf;udkajymygonf/
þpum;pkudkyif a&mr 1;16-17\"r®oabmw&m; OD;wnfcsuftjzpfoHk;onf/ ½Sif;vif;pGm zGifhjyxm;onfh
,EÅ&m;rSm vuf0g;uyfwdkifay:wifowfjcif;cHol a,½Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 22?
24-26)
þpum;vHk;(dikaiosonē)ESifh ¤if;rS qif;oufvmaom pum;vHk;rsm;(2;13\rSwfcsufüMunfhyg)rMum
cP oHk;yHkudkMunfhvQif ¤if;\t"dyÜg,fjynfh0yHkudkjyonf/ (1;17/ 3;5? 21? 22? 25? 26/ 4;3? 5? 6? 9? 11?
13? 22/ 5;17? 21/ 6;13? 16? 18? 19? 20/ 8;10/ 9;28? 30? 31/ 10;3? 4? 5? 6? 10? 17)/
þ*&da0g[m&rSm ]]pHcsdefwpfck}}(0g)]]wdkif;wmp&musL;pvHk;wpfvHk;}}(1;17 \txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg)
tm; wifpm;toHk;jyKonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;pum;vHk;(tsadak)rSvmonf/ xdkpHcsdefrSm bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkifjzpf
onf/ þa0g[m&onf usqif;aomvlom;tm; c&pfawmfrSwqifh tcrJhay;onfh bk&m;ocif\p½kduf
vu©Pmudk ay:vGifaponf/ (tcef;BuD; 4/ 2aum 5;21)rdrdwdkU\vdktyfrIudk0efcHum? bk&m;ocif\ tcrJh
vufaqmiftm;vufcH &efrSm rmeBuD;aom? twåA[dkjyKaomvlom;rsm; txl;ojzifh enf;Oya'oorm;rsm;?
bmoma&;orm;rsm;twGuf edrfhus&musvGef;vsuf½Sdonf/
]]xif½Sm;ay:vGifvmcJhNyD}}þpum;pkrSm 1;17ESifhqifwlonf/ odkUaomf Bud,m\TENSE rSmuGJjym;onf/
þae&mü xdkBud,mudk]]tvGef½Sif;vif;pGm xif½Sm;ay:vGifcJhNyD; qufvufay:vGifaeonf}}[k bmomjyefEkdif
onf/ þae&mü PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVEjzpfNyD;? tvm;wl 1;17ü PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; "r®a[mif;usrf;(tcef;BuD; 4)ESifh a,½ItxJESpfckpvHk;ü
½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjycJhNyDjzpfonf/
]]ynwådusrf;ESifhya&mzufusrf;rsm; oufaocHonfESifht nD}} ¤if;onf tydkif;oHk;ydkif;½Sdaom a[NAJusrf;
(ynwådusrf;? ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ESifhpmayrsm;)teufESpfcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ þyxrESpfrsKd;tm; wpfck
vHk;udk&nfnTef;&efoHk;onf/ (3;19 \rSwfpkESifh róJ 5;17 wdkUudkMunfhyg)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;oabmyg0ifaMumif; þtcsufu xif½Sm;pGm jyaeygonf (vkum 24;27? 44/
wrefawmf 10;43)/ ¤if;rSm aemufrSay:vmaomtawG;? pDrHcsuf]]c}}(0g) ta&;ay:tavmwBuD;jzifh tm;oGef
vkyf&aom aemufqHk;ydwf tpDtpOfrsKd;r[kwfacs/ (1;2)
3;22 ]]a,½Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rS}}¤if;rSm vHk;aphywfaphtm;jzifh ]]a,½Ic&pfawmfESifhqdkifaom
,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}}[líjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm o'´goabmt& ydkifqdkifjcif;jyaomyk'frsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;ukd *vmwd
2;16/ zd 3;9/ a&mr 3;26/ *vmwd 2;16? 20/ 3;22wdkUrSm enf;wltoHk;jyKonf/ t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;½SdEkdif onf/
1/ a,½I\,HkMunfjcif; (0g)? opöm½Sdjcif; (SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE)
2/ uRefawmfwdkU ,HkMunf&mtaMumif;w&m;jzpfola,½I (ORJECTIVE GENITIVE)
tvm;wlo'´gzGJUpnf;yHkjzpfaom *vm 2;16 t&#2 rSm taumif;qHk;jzpfonf/
¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;taMumif; t"dursufESmpmudkazmfjyonf/ vlwpfa,muf\b0
toufwmxJ ouf0ifvIyf½Sm;onfrSm bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfrSwqifh tcrJhay;
aom bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfonf/ (4;5/ 6;23)/ ¤if;udk ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&rnfjzpfNyD;
({zuf 2;8-9) uRefawmfwdkU\toufwmü touf½Sifay:vGifvmonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/
127
]]tm;vHk;twGuf}}{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf vlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ a[ 53;6/ a,Z
18;23-32/ a,m[ef 3;16-17/ 4;42/ 2wd 2;4/ 4;10/ wdwk 2;11/ 2ay 3;;9/ 1a,m 2;1/ 4;14)/ BuD;rm;
vSaomor®mw&m;ygwum;! ¤if;onf or®musrf;enf;us or®mw&m;jzpfaom a½G;cs,fjcif;ESihfvdkufavsm
nDaxG½Sd&ayrnf/ bk&m;ocif\a½G;cs,fjcif;tm; pdwfydkif;jzwfjcif;0g'qdkif&m tpövrft,l0g'tjrifrsKd;(0g)
vGefuJaomuJvfAif0g'rsKd;uJhodkUrjrifbJ? y#dnOfjyKjcif;qdkif&mtjrifrsKd;jzifh jrif&ygrnf/ "r®a[mif;acwfü
a½G;cs,f jcif;onf trIaqmif½Gufjcif;twGufjzpfNyD;? tcGifhxl;r[kwfacs! usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udku,f&ef
bk&m;ocifuwday;cJhonf (urÇm 3;15)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wpf&yfvHk;tm; tpöa&;rSwqifh ac:zdwf
onf/ (urÇm 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh a½G;cs,fonf/
u,fwifjcif;udpöü bk&m;ocifonf tpjyKaqmif½Gufavh½Sdonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)/ "r®oabmw&m;t&
Mo*pfpwifESifhuJvfAifwdkU txl;jyKcJhMuonfh BudKwifcefUxm; jcif;0g'twGuf {zuf 1ESifh a&mr 9wdkUrSm cdkifrm
rIt½SdqHk; or®musrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk u,fwifjcif;(ajzmifhrwfapjcif;) twGufomvQifr[kwfbJ? oefU½Sif;
pifMu,fjcif;twGufyg a½G;cs,fonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ aum 1;12)/ ¤if;ESifhqufpyfEkdifonfrSm
1/ c&pfawmftxJ igwdkU\taetxm; (2aum 5;21)
2/ rdrdom;orD;rsm;txJrS rdrd\p½dkufvu©Pm jyefvnfxif½Sm;apvdkonfh bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´
(a&mr 8;28-29/ *vmwd 4;19/ {zuf 2;10)/ rdrdom;orD;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf
rSm wpfaeUaomtcg aumif;uifEkdifiHawmfESifh ,ckvuf½Sdü c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpf
onf/
BudKwifcefUxm;jcif;\yef;wdkifrSm oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfNyD; ({zuf 1;4) txl;tcGifhta&; r[kwfacs!
bk&m;ocif\a½G;cs,frIrSm tm'H\om;orD; tenf;tusOf;rQomr[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;udka½G;cs,fonf! ¤if;onf
bk&m;ocif\p½dkufvu©Pmtm;ydkifqdkif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf 2;13)/ BudKwifa½G;
cs,fcefUxm;jcif;tm;? oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tpm;? "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m t,l0g'wpfrsKd;jzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm
vl\"r®oabmw&m; pHepf\tjzpfqdk;wpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkU\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m abmif
cwfrIrsm;onf or®musrf;pmudk yHkyef;ysufjym;oGm;apavh½Sdonf!
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ a½G;cs,fjcif;^BudKwifcefUxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabmw&m; csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyf
jcif;-8;33 üMunfhyg/
]],HkMunfolrsm;}}a,½ItaocHcJhonfrSm vlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;ü u,fwifjcif;
&½Sd&ef tvm;tvm½Sdonf/ a,½I\ajzmihfrwfjcif;tm; rdrdb0twGufjzpfvmaponfrSm (1;16/ a,m[ef
1;12/ 3;16/ 20;31/ a&mr 10;9-13/ 1a,m 5;13) vlom;\vufcHrIyifjzpfonf/ (PRESENT PARTICIPLE
10;4 \txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg)/ ajzmihfrwfoltjzpf owfrSwfjcif;cH&ef vdktyfaompHEIef;ESpfck or®m
usrf;pmü azmfjyxm;&m ,HkMunfjcif;ESihftjypftm;aemifw&jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16?19/
20;31 ESifh 1;5 \rSwfcsufudkvnf;Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;udk vlom; xkwpf&yfvHk;tm; ay;prf;aeaomfvnf;
tjzpfqdk;ESifhvQKdU0SufcsufrSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf u,fwifjcif;r&aMumif; þusrf;ydk'fü ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjy
onf/
]]taMumif;rlum; jcm;em;jcif;r½Sd}}vlom;rsm; (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;) u,fwifjcif;&Ekdif&ef wpfOD;
wnf;aom yk*¾dKvfESifhvrf;wpfvrf;wnf;om½Sdonf/ (a,m? 10;1-2? 7/ 11;25/ 14;6)/ c&pfawmftm;
128
udk;pm;,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh b,folrqdk? vlwdkif;u,fwifjcif;&Ekdifonf/ (1;16/ 4;11?16/ 10;4?12/ *vmwd
3;28/ aum 3;11)/
3;23-26 ¤if;onf *&drl&if;pmü 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/
3;23
NASB, NKJV
NRSV
]]taMumif;rSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNyDjzpfí? bk&m;ocif\
bkef;awmfudk rrSDMuacs/
TEV
]]vltm;vHk;wdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNyDjzpfí...rStvSrf;a0;cJhMuNyD/
NJB
]]tjypfjyKí? tqHk;cHcJhMuNyD}}
¤if;onf 1;18-3;20tm; tusOf;csLHUjcif;jzpfonf/ vlwdkif;c&pfawmftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&½Sd&ef vdktyf
onf/ (3;9? 19/ 11;32/ *vmwd 3;22/ a[½Sm 53;6) ]]tjypfjyKcJhonf}}qdkonfrSm AORIST ACTIVE
INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? ]]qufvufí...rrSDMu}}qdkonfrSm PRESENT MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/
þpum;pk\ jzpfEdkifajc½Sdaom&nfnTef;csufrSm (1) vlom;onf tm'Hü wpfwpfaygif;wnf;usqif;jcif;
(5;12-21) ESifh (2)vlom;wpfOD;csif;\ qufvufykefuefqefUusifaom tjyKtrljzpfonf/ acwfopft*Fvdyf
bmomjyefusrf; wpfusrf;urS þuGJjym;jcm;em;rIudk xif[yfazmfjyjcif; r½Sdacs/
þti,fonf "r®oabmtm;jzifh ti,f 21 ESifhqufpyfum? ti,f 24 ESifhwdkuf½kdufqufpyfjcif;
r½Sdacs/
]]bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf}} vlom;wdkUudk bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfESihftnD zefqif;jcif;jzpfNyD; (urÇm
1;26-27)tjcm;rnfonfh tzefqif;cHowå0gürS xdkodkUr[kwfacs/ vlom;rsm;onf bkef;awmf½Sif bk&m;ocif
ESifhrdwfom[,jyKum? ol\p½dkufawmftm; xif[yfay:vGifaeap&efjzpfonf/ tjypfonf þo@mefawmf
tm; zsufpD;ypfcJhaomfvnf; c&pfawmf\aojcif;w&m;rS xajrmufjcif;rSwqifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh
,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif;onf tqdkygo@mefawmfudk e*dkaejyefíjzpfay:aponf/ (aum 3;10)
"r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ]]bkef;awmf}} glory twGuf a[NAJpum;vHk; (kbd) rSm rl&if;tm;jzifh ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m&]csdefcGif}}[líjzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm]]tav;pD;}}onf[líjzpf\/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ bkef;awmf^bkef;wefcdk;awmf
or®musrf;vm]]bkef;wefcdk;}}glory \oabmtm; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf&efcufcJonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\
bkef;awmf[lonfrSm olwdkUonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ESihf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudk em;vnfMujcif;jzpfNyD;
olwdkYudk,fwdkifü bkef;wefcdk;r½Sdacs/ (a,&? 9;23-24)
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]]glory-bkef;awmf}}(kbd, BDB 217)twGuf oHk;aoma[NAJpum;vHk;rSm rl&if;tm;jzifh
ukefonfa0g[m&jzpfNyD; (tav;pD;onf)rS t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ av;aomt&mrSm wefbdk;BuD;rm;onf(0g)yif
udk,fwefbdk;½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\crf;em;x,f0grItm; azmfjyaompum;vHk;tjzpfoHk;&mü xGef;vif;awmuf
yjcif;oabmaqmifaom t,ltqay:vGifap&ef jznfhpGuftoHk;jyKavh½Sdonf/ (xGuf 19;16-18/ 24;17/
a[½Sm 60;1-2)olwpfyg;wnf;omvQif xdkufwefum? *kPfjyKxdkufawmfrlonf/ olonf tjypfjyKaomvlom;
rsm;Munfh½I&ef awmufyvGef;vSonf/ (xGuf 33;17-23/ a[½Sm 6;5) t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocif (YHWH)tm;
c&pfawmfrSwqifhtm;jzifhom ppfrSefpGm odEdkifonf/ (a,m 14;8-11 aum 1;15/ a[NAJ 1;3/ ,mukyf 2;1)/
129
]]bkef;awmf}}(glory)[laoma0g[m&rSm t"dyÜg,froJuGJacs/
1/ ¤if;onf ]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}}ESifh tvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/
2/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\]]oefU½Sif;awmfrljcif;}}(0g)]]pHkvifjynfh0awmfrljcif;}}tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/
3/ ¤if;onf vlom;tm; zefqif;&mjzpfonfh bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfukd &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdif
onf/(urÇm 1;26-27/ 5;1/ 9;6)odkUaomf ¤if;rSm qefUusifykefuefrIaMumifh aemufydkif;ü
ysuf,Gif;oGm;cJh&onf/ (urÇm 3;1-22)/ t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocif(YHWH)onf rdrd\vlrsKd;awmf
ESihftwl½Sdaejcif;tm;azmfjy&ef xdkpum;vHk;tm; yxrOD;qHk;toHk;jyKonfrSm (oJuEÅ&xJ vSnfh
vnfoGm;vmpOfumvüjzpfonf/ xGuf 16;7? 10/ 0wf 9;23/ awm 14;10)
3;24 ]]aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfjcif;cHcJhMuNyD}}¤if;onf PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpf
onf/ ¤if;rSm {0Ha*vd owif;aumif; tpjyK&mjzpfaom? ajzmihfrwfjcif;&½Sdaponfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfjzpfonf/ (5;15-17/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}[laom*&da0g[m& (dikaioŌ)onf
]]ajzmihfrwfjcif;}}(dikaiosunē 1;17\txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg)ESihf tjrpfwlpum;vHk;rS qif;oufvmjcif;
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tpjyKjcif; jyKavh½Sdonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)
ti,f 24-25 ü u,fwifjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&mü oHk;aomwifpm;rI oHk;ck½Sdonf/
1/
]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}¤if;onf w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;rjyK}}(0g)
]]tjypf½Sdoltjzpf ausmnmjcif;rjyK}}[líjzpfonf/
2/
]]a½G;EIwfjcif;}}¤if;onf uRefaps;üoHk;aoma0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]jyefí0,f,lonf}}(0g)]]vTwfvdkuf
onf}}[líjzpf\/
3/
]]tjypfajzjcif;}}¤if;onf ,ZfylaZmfjcif; pHepfrSvmaoma0g[m&jzpfNyD;? zHk;tkyf&m(0g)]]aMuat;
jcif;jyK&mae&m}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf tjypfajz&maeUü ,ZfylaZmfaom,Zfaumif\
taoG;udkzsef;&mae&mjzpfaom y#dnOfaowåmawmf\tzHk;tm; &nfnTef;onf/(0wf 16/ a[NAJ
9;5)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;&aMumif; "r®opfusrf;taxmuftxm;
¤if;onf a,½ItxJ y#dnOfw&m;opfay: tajcjyKonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-38)
1/ crnf;awmf\p½kdufvu©Pm (a,m[ef 3;16)om;awmf\tvkyf (2aum 5;21)ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\
aqmif½Gufjcif;(a&mr 8;14-16)jzpfNyD; vlom;\vkyfaqmifrI? emcHrIaMumihf&½Sdaom usoifhonfh
tbdk;tcr[kwf? bmoma&;wpf&yftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rQomr[kwfacs/
2/ ¤if;rSm vufaqmifwpfckjzpfonf (a&mr 3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;5? 8-9)
3/ ¤if;rSm topfaomtouf? topfaomurÇmUtjrifwpfckjzpfonf/ (,mukyfESifh 1a,m[ef)
4/ ¤if;rSm od½Sdjcif;?({0Ha*vdowif;aumif;)rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;? (a,½Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh a,½IESifh
twl½Sdaejcif;)? topfaomtouf½Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfck(0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifjcif;jzifh c&pfawmfESifhwl
jcif;) oHk;rsKd;pvHk;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;wdkUteuf wpfckckrQomr[kwfacs/
5/ ppfrSefaomu,fwifjcif;tm; ppfaq;jcif;udk 1a,m 2;3/ 3;3ü usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh
&aom tjrifjzifhMunfhyg/
130
]]vufaqmif}}aygvkonf þoabmtm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aoma0g[m&rsm;oHk;um tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;
rsm;oHk;onf/
1/ dŌrean ADVERB ]]tcrJh}}
2/ dŌrea NOUN ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}}
3/ dŌro NOUN ]]vufaqmif}} ({zuf 2;8)
4/ charisma NOUN ]]ta<u;aMu ]]tcrJhrsufESmom}} (1;11/ 5;15? 16/ 6;23/ 11;29/ 12;6)
5/ charisomai VERB ]]tcrJhrsufESmomtjzpf cGifhjyKay;oem;onf}} (8;32)
6/ charis NOUN ]]tcrJhrsufESmom}} (0g) ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}} (4;4? 16/ 11;5?6/ {zuf 2;5? 8)
]]c&pfawmfa,½ItxJü½Sdaom a½G;EIwfjcif;}}uREfkyfwdkU\u,fwifjcif;,EÅ&m;rSm a,½I\udk,fpm;jyK
taocHjcif;ESifh jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtvdkus t"dutcsufrSm rnfrQay;qyfcJhNyD(0g)
rnfoltwGuf ay;qyfonfr[kwfbJ(Mo*pfpwif;) tjypfuif;aomol\tpm;xdk;rIaMumifh vlom;onf tjypf
aMumihf tjypf½Sdjcif;ESifh jypf'PfrSu,fvTwfcHcJhNyD[laom tjzpfrSefomvQifjzpfonf/ (a,m 1;29? 36/ 2aum
5;21/ 1ay 1;19)/
tqdkygusrf;ydk'fi,fonf urÇm 3;15udkvnf; t&dyft>rufjyygonf/ a,½Ionf usdefqJjcif;udkxrf;um
(*vmwd 3;13) usqif;aomvlom;rsKd;EG,f\udk,fpm;? taocHcJhonf/ (2aum 5;21)/ u,fwifjcif;udk tcrJh
&Ekdifaomfvnf;? ¤if;rSm trSefpifppf aps;csKdíum;r[kwfacs!
txl;taMumif;t&m/
I.
/a½G;EIwfonf
"r®a[mif;usrf;
u/ þoabmaqmifaom w&m;Oya'qdkif&m rlva[NAJa0g[m& ESpfvHk;½Sdonf/
1/
c/
]]wef&mwefbdk;ay;ívTwfonf}}[líjzpfonf/
aygif;pyfaoma0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;OD;\(aqGrsKd;om;csif;?a½G;EIwfol) Mum;
0ifaqmif½GufrIoabmudkjyonf/ "avhxHk;pHt&0w¬Kypönf;rsm;? wd&pämefrsm;? ajr,mrsm;
(0wf 25?27)odkUr[kwf aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;tm; (½ko 4;15/ a[½Sm 29;22) a½G;EIwfydkifcGifhudk
"r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocifYHWH utpöa&;tm; tD*spfEdkifiHrS u,fEIwf
jcif;tm; azmfjyajymqdk&mü ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKonf/ (xGuf 6;6/ 15;13/ qmvH 74;2/
77;15/ a,& 31;11)/ bk&m;ocifrSm ]]a½G;EIwfaomt½Sif}}jzpfvmonf/ (a,mb 19;25/
qmvH 19;14/ 78;35/ okwåH 23;11/ a[½Sm 41;14/ 43;14/ 44;6?24/ 47;4/ 48;17/
49;7? 26/ 54;5? 8/ 59;20/ 60;16/ 63;16/ a,& 50;34)/
2/ Padah (BDB 804)/ ¤if;\tajccHrSm ]]u,fvTwfonf}}-]]to deliver}}odkUr[kwf]]u,fq,f
onf}}-rescue[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
(u) om;OD;tm;a½G;EIwfjcif; (xGuf 13;13? 14/ awm 18;15-17)
(c) udk,fcE¨ma½G;EIwfjcif;rSm 0dnmOfa&;&ma½G;EIwfjcif;ESihfrwl uJGjym;jcm;em;onf/(qm 49;7?
8? 15)
(*) YHWH onf tpöa&;tm; olwdkUtjypfESihf awmfvSefykefuefrIrsm;rS a½G;EIwfvdrfhrnf
(qmvH 130;7-8)
"r®oabmw&m;t& qufpyfaomt,ltqtawmfrsm;rsm; yg0ifonf/
Ga'al
(BDB
145,1)¤if;\rlvt"dyÜg,frSm
131
1/ vdktyfcsufwpf&yf? uRefcHrIwpfck?odrf;,lcHjcif;wpf&yf tusOf;uscHjcif;wpfck½Sd&ef vdktyfonf/
(u) udk,fum,ü
(c) vlrIa&;ü
(*) 0dnmOfa&;ü (qmvH 130;8)
2/ vGwfvyfjcif;? jznfvTwfjcif;ESifhe*dkaejyefjzpfapa&;twGuf wef&mwefbdk;wpfckckay;qyf&ef
vdktyfonf/
(u) tpöa&;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifhqdkifí (w&m; 7;8)
(c) vlwpfOD;csif;ESihfqdkifí (a,mb 19;25-27/ 33;28)
3/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf Mum;0ifaqmif½GufolESihfaus;Zl;jyKol apwem½Siftjzpfaqmif
½Guf&efvdkonf/ Gaal [laoma0g[m&t& þwpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf rdom;pk0ifwpf
a,muf(0g) eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;wpfa,mufjzpfavh½Sdonf/ (Oyrm? go'el BDB)
4/ YHWH onf rdrdudk,frdrd rdom;pkqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;jzifh azmfjyavh½Sdonf/
(u) zcif
(c) vifa,musfm;
(*) eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;om;csif;^jypf'Pfay;ol/ (Avenger)a½G;EIwfjcif;tm; YHWHudk,f
wdkif\ udk,fpm;vS,ftvkyftm;jzifh&avh½Sdonf/ wef&mwefbdk;udkay;acsum? a½G;EIwf
jcif;tm; aqmif½GufNyD;pD;aponf/
II.
"r®mopfusrf;
u/ þtaMumif; "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh azmfjyaom a0g[m&tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf
1/
(1aum 6;20/ 7;23/ 2ay 2;1/ Asm 5;9/ 14;3-4)/ ¤if;onf ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m &jzpfNyD; wpfpHkwpf&m\wefbdk;tm; ay;acsjcif;udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/
uREfkyfwdkUonf
rdrdwdkUb0udk
rdrdrxdef;csKyfaomol?taoG;tm;jzifha½G;0,fjcif;
cHolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmf wdkUudk c&pfawmfuykdifqdkifonf/
2/ ExagorazŌ (*vmwd 3;13/ 4;5/ {zuf 5;16/ aum 4;5)/ ¤if;onfvnf; ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m&jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf uRefawmfwdkUudk,fpm; a,½I\tpm;xdk; taocHjcif;udk ay:vGif
aponf/ a,½Ionf ynwfw&m;\aqmif½GufrIwpfrsKd;jzpfaom ]]usdefqJjcif;}}udk xrf;cJh
onf/(arma½S\ynwådusrf;/ {zuf 2;14-16/ aum 2;14)/ ¤if;rSm tjypf½Sdolvlom;rsm;
raqmif½GufEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ olonf xdkusdefqJjcif;udk(w&m; 21;23) uRefawmfwdkU
tm;vHk;twGuf(rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)xrf;ay;onf! bk&m;ocif\w&m;rQwrIESifh
cspfjcif;arwåmonf a,½ItxJü tjynfht0tjypfvTwfjcif;? vufcHESifhcsOf;uyfjcif;tjzpfodkU
ajymif;vJoGm;onf!
3/ LuŌ ]]vTwfajrmufaponf}}
(u) Lutro]]ay;acsxm;aomwefbdk;}}(róJ 20;28/ rmuk 10;45)rdrdrwifonfh tjypf
a<u;tm;qyfay;jcif;jzifh? avmu\u,fwif½Sifjzpfvm&ef rdrd<uvmjcif;\&nf½G,f
csufESifhqdkifvsuf a,½I\EIwfrSxGufvmaom wefcdk;BuD;pum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonf/ (a,m
1;29)
(c) LutroŌ ]]jznfvTwfonf}}
AgorazŌ
132
(1)
(2)
(*)
4/
tpöa&;udk a½G;EIwf&ef (vk 24;21)
vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tm;a½G;EIwf&ef rdrdudk,frdrday;qyfum oefUpifap&ef (wdwk
2;14)
(3) tjypfuif;pifaom tpm;xdk;&mtjzpf (1ay 1;18-19)
Lutrosis ]]a½G;EIwfjcif;}} ]]u,fEIwfjcif;}} (0g) ]]vGwfajrmufapjcif;}}
(1) a,½ItaMumif; Zmc&d\ya&mzufpum;? vkum 1;68
(2) a,½IaMumifh tEéu bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;/ vkum 2;38
(3) wpfcgwnf;ESifhtjywfjzpfaom? ydkíomvGefonfh a,½I\,ZfylaZmfjcif;? a[NAJ
9;12
ApolytrŌis
(u) 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf<uvmcsdefü a½G;EIwfjcif; (wrefawmf 3;19-21)
(1) vkum 21;28
(2) a&mr 8;23
(3) {zuf 1;14/ 4;30
(4) a[NAJ 9;15
(c) c&pfawmftaocHjcif;ü a½G;EIwfjcif;
(1) a&mr 3;24
(2) 1aum 1;30
(3) {zuf 1;7
(4) aumavmoJ 1;14
5/ Antilytron (1wd 2;6)/ ¤if;onf wdwk 2;14 uJhodkU tvGefta&;BuD;aomusrf;csufjzpf&m
olonf vufoifhcHEkdifbG,f&mwpfckwnf;aom ,ZfylaZmf&mjzpfol ]]cyfodrf;aomolwdkY}}twGuf
taocHoljzpfonf/ (a,m 1;29/ 3;16-17/ 4;42/ 1wd 2;4/ 4;10/ wdwk 2;11/ 2ay 3;9/
1a,m 2;2/ 4;14)
c/ "r®opfusrf;rS "r®oabmw&m;tjrifrSm
(1)
(2)
vlom;onf tjypf\uRefjyKjcif; cHaeonf (a,m 8;34/ a&mr 3;10-18/ 6;23)
vlom;onf tjypf\aus;uRefjzpfjcif;tm; "r®a[mif;u arma½S\ynwådusrf;ESihf
(*vmwd 3) a,½I\awmifay:a'oemawmf (róJ 5-7)tm;jzifh ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap
onf/ vlom;\aqmif½GufrIonf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfvmonf/ (aum 2;14)
(3) tjypfESifhuif;pifaom bk&m;ocif\odk;oli,fa,½Ionf uRefawmfwdkU\ae&mü tpm;
xdk;taocH&ef <uvmcJhNyD/ (a,m 1;29/ 2aum 5;21)/ uRefawmfwdkUonf bk&m;ocif
udktapcHEkdif&eftvdkUiSg? tjypfvufatmufrS a½G;0,fjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 6)
(4) YHWH ESifh a,½IwdkUrSm uRefawmfwdkUbufrSaeum aqmif½Gufay;ol]]eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;
om;csif;}} jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;ukd rdom;pkqdkif&m wifpm;aoma0g[m&rsm;jzifh qufvuf
azmfjyonf/ (zcif? vifa,musfm;? om;? nDtpfudk? eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;om;csif;)/
(5) a½G;EIwfjcif;[lonf pmwefxHay;acsonfh usoifhaomwefbdk;r[kwfbJ(tv,facwf
"r®ynm) bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGwfpum;awmfESifh bk&m;ocif\w&m;rQwrIwdkUtm; bk&m;
ocif\arwåmawmfESihf c&pfawmf\tjynfht0axmufyHhrIwdkYjzifh o[mZmwjzpfapjcif;
133
6/
jzpfonf/ vuf0g;uyfwdkifü Nidrfoufjcif;jyefvnf&½Sdonf/ vlom;\awmfvSefykefuefrI
tm; tjypfvTwfonf/ vlom;txJu bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfonf &if;ESD;aom
rdwfo[m,tm;jzifh wzefjyefí tjynfht0½Sifoefvmonf!
uRefawmfwdkU\ ½Sifjyefxajrmufaom udk,fcE¨mrsm;tm;jzifh oHk;yg;wpfqlESifhyk*¾dKvfcsif; &if;ESD;
uRrf;0ifrI yg0ifaomtem*wfa½G;EIwfjcif;[lí ½Sdaeygao;onf/ (a&mr 8;23/ {zuf 1;14/
4;30)/ ½Sifjyefxajrmufaom uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fcE¨mrsm;onf ocifbk&m;\udk,fcE¨mawmf
uJhodkUjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ olü ½kyfcE¨m½Sdaomfvnf; twdkif;tqrSm xl;uJonf/
qefUusifbufoabmESpfrsKd;tm; azmfjyaom 1aum 15;12-19ESifh 1aum 15;35-58wdkUtm;
owfrSwfcsufay;&ef cufcJonf/ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m ajrBuD;cE¨mwpfckESifh aumif;uifqdkif&m
0dnmOf cE¨mwpfck½SdonfrSm xif½Sm;onf/ a,½Iü ESpfrsKd;vHk;½Sd\/
3;25
]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdkt½Siftm; vlxka½SUarSmufü jyocJhonf}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdkt½Siftm; jyocJhonf}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdkt½Siftm; axmufcHcJhonf}}
]]bk&m;ocif ay;vSLcJhonf}}
]]xdkt½Sifudk bk&m;ocifcefUtyfcJhonf}}
¤if;onf protithemi \ AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; (a&mr 1;13 ESifh {zuf 1;9ü ¤if;onf
a&mr 8;28u NOUN enf;wl]]&nf½G,fonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf) bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ESvHk;ESifh&nf½G,fcsuf
tm; c&pfawmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrlonf[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ({zuf 1;9/ *vmwd 3;1) bk&m;
ocif\a½G;EIwfjcif; tpDtpOfawmfü (wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29/ 26;22 ESifh txl;taMumif;t&m
1;5) a,½I\,ZfylaZmfjcif; yg0ifonf/ (a[½Sm 53;10/ Asm 13;8)/ 9;11 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]xif½Sm;ap&ef}}þ*&da0g[m& endeiknumai (endeixix 3;25?26)tm; a&mrMo0g'pmü tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;
onf/ (2;15/ 9;17? 23/ LXX xGuf 9;16) ¤if;\tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ay:vGifaponf(0g) cif;usif;jyoonf
[líjzpf\/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\a½G;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m &nf½G,fcsuf? pDrHcsufESihfajzmihfrwfjcif;w&m;wdkUudk
vlom;wdkYtm; ½Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfapvdkonf/ þpmydk'fonf or®musrf;pmenf;us urÇmUtjrifjzpfaom
atmufygwdkUudkazmfjyonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\tusifhp½kduftaMumif;
2/ c&pfawmf\tvkyftaMumif;
3/ vlom;\vdktyfcsuftaMumif;
4/ a½G;EIwfjcif;\ &nf½G,fcsuftaMumif;
bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkUudkem;vnfod½Sdapvdkonf! þusrf;ydk'fonf c&pf,meftaMumif; aumif;pGm
em;vnfod½SdEkdif&ef tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ tcsKdUpum;vHk;rsm;ESifhpum;pkwdkUrSm t"dyÜg,foJuGJjcif;r½Sd(0g) trsKd;
rsKd;jzifh em;vnfEkdifjcif;rsm;½Sdaomfvnf;? usrf;ydk'fwpfckvHk;\t"dutcsufrSm tvGef½dk;pif;½Sif;vif;onf/
þusrf;ydk'fonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;twGuf "r®oabmw&m; "l0HMu,fyifjzpfonf/

NASB
]] taoG;awmftm; ...tjypfajz&mtjzpf}}
134
]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh tjypfajzp&mjzpfap&ef}}
]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh tjypfzHk;tkyfaom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;tjzpf}}
]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh vlrsm;\tjypfrsm; vTwf&jcif;taMumif;jzpfvmap&ef}}
]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfap&ef rdrdtouftm;ay;vSL&ef}}
*&d,Ofaus;rI vTrf;rdk;aoma&mrurÇmü þpum;vHk;onf pdrf;um;aomewfbk&m;wpfyg;ESifh ay;qyfaom
wef&mweffbdk;tm;jzifh jyefvnfrdwfo[m,jzpfjcif; oabmudkaqmifonf/ odkUaomf bmomjyef *&d"r®a[mif;
usrf; Septuagint (LXX) ü þt"dyÜg,fjzifh roHk;acs/ ¤if;pum;vHk;udk Septuagint ESifh a[NAJ 9;5 ü]]aus;Zl;
awmfyv’if}}-mercy seat tjzpf bmomjyefonf/ (xGuf 25;21-22/ 0wf 16;12-15)/ ¤if;rSm toefU½Sif;qHk;
iSgeawmftxJ xm;½Sdaomaowåmawmf\tzHk;yifjzpfNyD;? tajz&maeUü(0wf 16) wpfrsKd;om;vHk;twGuf tjypf
zHk;tkyfjcif;tm; xdkae&mrS&½Sdonf/ aygvkonf tpöa&;\ ,ZfylaZmfjcif; enf;Oya'orsm;xJuyif(0wf 1-7)
,ZfylaZmfjcif;qdkif&m wifpm;aompum;vHk;rsm; oHk;aejcif;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ þwifpm;aompum;vHk;
rsm;jzpfonfh (tjypfajzjcif;? a½G;EIwfc? ,ZfylaZmfjcif;)ponfwdkUudk "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu bk&m;ocif\
Asm'dwfawmfrsm;ESifhqufpyfíom em;vnfEdkifonf/ xdkUaMumifh aygvkonf ¤if;wdkUrSm vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf
jzpfaMumif; ½Sif;vif;&rnfjzpfonf/ YHWH onf rdrdukd,frdrd tmjA[H^tpöa&;tm; zGifhjyjcif;rSm tm;vHk;aom
vlom;wdkUtm; rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjy&efyifjzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf udk,fawmf\o@mefawmftm; aqmif
xm;Muonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf awmfvSefykefuefcJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf c&pfawmf
(*sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ar½Sd,)tm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh u,fwifjcif;&½SdEdkifonf/
tjypftay: bk&m;ocif\cufxefrIudk ravsmhusapbJ? tjypfom;rsm;tay:tjyKoabmjzihfa½G;EIwfjcif;
pdwfaeoabmxm;tm; twnfjyK&ef þa0g[m&udk toHk;jyK&ayrnf/ þtaMumif; aumif;rGefaomaqG;aEG;
rItm; James \A Man in Christ pmtkyfpmrsufESm 214-224üawGU&onf/ þaqG;aEG;rItm; tqHk;owfap&ef
enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;rSm þpum;vHk;tm; c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\tvkyfudk xif[yfaponfha0g[m&rsm;jzpf
aom]]tjypfajzaom,ZfylaZmfjcif;}}(0g)]]tjypfajzonfh wefcdk;ESifhqdkifaom}}ponfjzifh bmomjyef&efjzpfonf/
]]taoG;awmfü^tm;jzifh}}qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocif\tjypfuif;pifaom odk;oli,fjyKonfhudk,fpm;jyK ,ZfylaZmfrI
tm; &nfnTef;aoma[NAJtoHk;tEIef;jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef 1;29)/ þoabmudk tjynfht0em;vnfoabm
ayguf&ef 0wfjyK 1-7onf tcef;BuD; 16u tjypfajz&maeUuJhodkU tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ taoG;[lonf
tjypf½SdoltwGuf ay;qyfaomtjypfuif;onfhtouftm; &nfnTef;onf/a[½Sm 52;13- 53;12)/wpfa,muf
aomolonf tm;vHk;aomolwdkUtwGuf taocHonf/ (5;12-21)!
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}}¤if;onfvnf; a,½I\udk,fpm;jyKtaocHawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh b,folrqdkESifh
vlwdkif; udk,fpD&Ekdifaom tusKd;aus;Zl;&Ekdif&m ,EÅ&m;jzpfonf/ (1;17/ 3;22? 25? 26? 27? 28? 30)/
a½S;acwfwGif pmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifhoma&;aom vufa&;rl&if;rsm;jzpfonfh 5&mpkESpfu Chrysostom oHk;cJh
onfh vufa&;usrf;pm A tygt0ifjzpfonf)ESifh 12&mpku a&;onfhpmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzpfaom MS(2127)wdkUü
þpum;pkudk csefxm;cJhMuonf/ tjcm;a½S;a[mif;*&d vufa&;usrf;rsm;tm;vHk;ü ¤if;pum;pk yg0ifonf/
tcsKdUü DEFINITE ARTICLE the yg½SdNyD; ]]the faith}}[líjzpfum (MSS p40, B1, C3, D3)tcsKdUwdkUürl ryg½Sd
aomfvnf;(MSS Aleph, C*, D*, F, G) ¤if;onf qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fum; xdcdkufjcif;r½Sdacs/ UBS3 onf
¤if;\yg½SdrIudk ]]B}}tqifhowfrSwfonf/(aocsmoavmuf)
]]ajzmihfrwfawmfrljcif;tm; ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap&ef}}bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\p½kdufvu©PmESifh rdrdajymp
um;tay: opömwnfae&ygrnf (rmv 3;6)/ "r®a[mif;acwfü tjypfjyKol aoqHk;&onf/ (urÇm 2;17/
135
a,Z 18;4? 20)/ tjypf½Sdoludk rdrdrvTwf[k bk&m;ocifajymcJhonf/ (xGuf 23;7)/ usqif;olvlom; tay:
bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfrSm BuD;rm;vSojzifh olonfvlwpfa,mufjzpfvm&ef? ynwådusrf;tm; jynfhpHkap&ef
ESifh usqif;aomvlom;\ae&mü taocH&efqE´½Sdonfhtxdjzpfonf/ (5;12-21)/ bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;
arwåmESifhw&m;rQwrI (opömw&m;)onf a,½ItxJ qHkqnf;cJhMuonf/ (i,f 26)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]],cifu usL;vGefcJhNyD;aomtjypfrsm;udk rSwfawmfrrlbJ}}
]]twdwfumvü onf;cHum? vlrsm;\tjypfrsm;udk vpfvsL½Ionf}}
]]tjypfrsm; 'Pfay;jcif;rcH&aom twdwfumvtwGuf}}
]]ausmfoGm;onf}}-passed over (rrSwf)[laoma0g[m& paresis udk"r®opfusrf;ü þae&mwGif wpfBudrf
omoHk;NyD;? Septuagint (*&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;)ürl roHk;cJhbl;acs/ *&dzcifBuD;rsm;ESihf Jerome (at'D
4&mpk)wdkUonf vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,f ]]ta<u;wpfcktm; aMuat;apjcif;}}[lí bmomjyefqdkMuonf/
Milligan, p. 493)/ odkUaomf ¤if;\Bud,m pariēmi \t"dyÜg,frSm]]ab;ü
(Moulton ESifh
jzwfoGm;aponf}}(0g) ]]ajzavsmhonf}}[líjzpfonf/ (vkum 11;42)
okdUjzifh ar;p&mar;cGef;rSm bk&m;ocifonf tem*wfü c&pfawmfjyKrnfhtvkyftm; arQmfMunfhjcif; tm;jzifh
twdwfumvu tjypfrsm;udkvTwfcJhjcif;avm(0g) c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf tjypfjyomemtm; ajz½Sif;
vdrfhrnfudk od½Sdxm;um? tjypfrsm;udk ½kd;½dk;av;yif rSwfawmfrrlcJhjcif;avm[líjzpfonf/ &vm'frSm twlwlyif
jzpfonf/ vlom;\twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifhtem*gwftjypftm; c&pfawmfjyKonfh,ZfylaZmfjcif;jzifh ajz½Sif;ay;onf/
¤if;rSm c&pfawmfjyKaomtvkyftm; arQmfMunfhum? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf twdwfumvü jyKcJh
aomt&m(wref 17;30/ a&mr 4;15/ 5;13)jzpfonfenf;wl? vuf½SdypöKyÜefumvESifh tem*wfumvwnf;
[laomumvoHk;yg;pvHk;ü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifcJhNyD;? vkyfaqmifaeqJESifh vkyfaqmifvwåHaomt&mjzpfonf/
(i,f 26)/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypftm; ayghayghwefwefoabmxm;onf r[kwfaomfvnf; a,½IjyKcJhaom
,ZfylaZmfrItm;? ykefuefawmfvSefaomvlom;udk tjynfht0ESifh aemufqHk;a½G;EIwfjcif;tjzpf vufcHawmfrl\/
zefqif;jcif;\&nf½G,f&if;jzpfaom (urÇm 1;26-27)rdrdudk,fwdkifESifh vlom;wdkU&if;ESD;pGm rdwfo[m,jzpf
a&;twGuftjypfrSm twm;tqD;wpf&yfrjzpfawmhacs/
3;26 ti,f 25 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}[laom a0g[m&\rl&if;tm; pDppfavh&m&mü ]]ajzmihfrwfonf}}ESifh
]]ajzmifhrwfapol}} i,f 26[laom a0g[m&ESpfvHk;ESifh qufpyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\p½kdufvu©Pm
tm; c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfolrsm;\b0toufwmxJüay:vGif xif½Sm;apvdkonf/ a,½I
onf uRefawmfwdkU\ajzmihfrwfjcif;jzpfvmonf (2aum 5;21)rSefaomfvnf; ,HkMunfolrsm;onfudk,fawmf\
ajzmifhrwfjcif;? udk,fawmfESifhwlnDjcif;rsm; ½Sdvm&OD;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ (8;29/ róJ 5;48/ 0wfjyK 19;2)
txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17 üMunfhyg/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]a,½Itm; ,HkMunfol}}
]]a,½Itm; ,HkMunfolwdkif;}}
]]a,½Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;½Sdolwdkif;}}
136
REB
NET
]]rdrd\,HkMunfjcif;tm; a,½Iüxm;olrnfolr qdk}}
]]a,½I\opöm½SdrIaMumifh touf½Sifol}}
*&drl&if;ü ]]a,½I\,HkMunfjcif;\vl}} the one of faith of Jesus [líjzpfonf/ tcuftcJrSm ydkifqdkif&m
jyyk'f GENITIVE xyfaejcif;jzpfonf/ (G.B Caird \The Language and Imagery of the Bible, p. 99)
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkwdkUonf ¤if;tm; vlwpfa,mufu a,½Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;? udk;pm;jcif;tjzpf
½Ijrifonf/ NET bmomjyefusrf;\tvdkt& ¤if;onf 3;22tm; nTef;onf[k rSwf,lxm;onf/ rnfodkUjzpfap
ti,f 22onf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;&nfnTef;onf/
1/ a,½I\opöm½SdrI (faithfulness-,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI)
2/ ,HkMunfol\udk;pm;rI (believer's faith)
u,fwifjcif;[lonf vufcH&,l&efjzpfonfh a,½I\,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif; rS&½Sdaom&v'fjzpfonf/ (i,f 30)
27
od k U jzpfv Qif 0g<um;p&mum; tb,f e nf ; ? 0g<um;p&mtaMumif ; ud k y ,f N yD ? tb,f w &m;tm;jzif h
y,f o enf ; ? tusif h w &m;tm;jzif h y,f o avm ? r[k w f y g/ ,H k M unf j cif ; w&m;tm;jzif h y ,f N yD /
28
xd k U aMumif h vl w pf a ,muf o nf ynwf w &m;ES i f h q d k i f a om tusif h r ygbJ ? ,H k M unf j cif ; tm;jzif h
29
ajzmif h r wf a pjcif ; cH & onf [ k igwd k U tcd k i f t rmqd k M uonf / od k U r[k w f bk & m;ocif o nf *sL;wd k Y \
bk & m;omvQif jzpfa wmfr l oavm ? wpf y g;trsKd ; om;wd k U \ bk & m;vnf ; jzpf a wmf r l o nf r[k w f a vm ?
[k w f a yonf / wpf y g; trsKd ; om;wd k U \ bk & m;vnf ; jzpf a wmf r l \ / 30pif p pf r l u m; ta&zsm;vS D ; jcif ; cH
ol w d k Y t m; ,H k M unf j cif ; tm;jzif h ajzmif h r wf a pawmf r l o l E S i f h ? ta&zsm;vS D ; jcif ; rcH o l w d k Y t m; ,H k M unf j cif ;
tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapawmfrlol bk &m;ocifwpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\/
3;27 ]]od k U jzpf v Qif 0g<um;p&mum; tb,f e nf ; ? }} ]]0g<um;p&m}} pum;pkü ARTICLE yg½Sdaejcif;onf
*sL;vlrsKd;\rmetm; xyf[yfay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (2;17?23)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rSm ESdrfhcsíaejcif;
jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;) rdrdudk,frdrd ru,fEdkifacs/ ({zuf 2;8-9)
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif; - 2;17 üMunfhyg/
apmapmu wifjycsuftm; aemufxyftenf;i,f½Sif;vif;&ef jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\
cspfjcif;arwåmESifh tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf xdkufwefjcif;r&Ekdifaomfvnf; u,fwifjcif;&&ef olwdkUtydkif;u@
r½Sd[k qdkvdkjcif;um; r[kwfacs/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrd\tjypftm; od½Sdumc&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocifay;prf;
onfht&mudk vufcH&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf usqif;aomvlom;tm; ]]y#dnOfw&m;}}jzifhqufqHonf/
uRefawmfwdkUonf wHkUjyefrIjyKum? qufvufwHkUjyefoGm;&efjzpfonf/
1/ tjypftm; aemifw&jcif;
2/ ,HkMunfjcif;
3/ emcHjcif;
4/ pGJNrJjcif;
bk&m;ocifESifhqufqH&mü rdrdwdkU\tydkif;rSm tjywfqHk;jzwfay;aomu@ jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkUonf
wHkUjyef&olrsm;jzpfonf! xdkYaMumifh wHkUjyefrIjyK&efvdkonf! vGwfvyfaomqEónf tcsKyftjcmtmPmenf;wl
137
tjywfqHk;jzwfrIay;aom or®musrf;pmvm Mo0g'jzpfonf/ ta½SUwdkif; usrf;wpfusrf;jzpfaom or®musrf;pm
onf or®mw&m;tm; wif;rmrIESpfrsKd;ygaomtwGJrsm;jzifhazmfjyonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /ta½SUwdkif;pmayyHk&dyfBuD;
yHk&dyfBuD;or®musrf;pmawmfvm qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef azmfjyrIrsm;
1/ or®musrf;pmtm; bk&m;ocifajympum;tjzpf jrwfEdk;udk;pm;olwpfa,muftaejzifh þtjrifonf
uREfkyftm; trsm;qHk;axmufuljyKygonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; eufeJpGmcH,l&ef tm;xkwfonfhtcg
uGJjym;jcm;em;aom usrf;ydk'frsm;onf or®mw&m;tm; txl;a½G;cs,fazmfjyjcif;ESifh enf;pHepfususjzifh?
tpDtpOfusus azmfjyonf r[kwfaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'f
onf? tvm;wl0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom or®mw&m;wpf&yftm; y,fzsufjcif; (0g) ½Iwfcsjcif;jyK
vdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ or®mw&m;udk or®musrf;pmwpf&yfvHk;tm; od&jcif;rS&½SdNyD; (or®musrf;pm
onf wpfcsKdUwpf0ufudkom 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfbJ? wpfckvHk;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;
jzpfonf/ 2wd 3;16-17)usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'fwnf;&nfnTef;½kHjzifh or®mw&m;r&½Sdacs/ (usrf;csufwpf
csufwnf;jzifhtwnfjyKjcif;- proof-texting)!
2/ or®musrf;pm\or®mw&m;rsm; (ta½SUwdkif;pmay)tm; usKd;aMumif;azmfjyrI (0g)qefUusifwufjzpfae
[eftcsufESpfcsufygaom twGJrsm;tm;jzifh wifjyavh½Sdonf/ ("r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;rSm vkumrS
vTJvQif trsm;oHk;*&dpmjzifh a&;om;um? a[NAJtawG;jzifh awG;olrsm;jzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ ynmqdkif
&musrf;rsm;ESifh uAsmtvuFmusrf;rsm;onf or®mw&m;udk twGJvdkufazmfjyavh½Sdonf/ wpfckESihf
wpfck qefYusifaomyHkpHtwGJrsm;onf qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef wifjyyHk (paradox)rsm;ESifhwlonf/
aygif;pyfaomtwGJrsm;onf usrf;NydKifrsm;ESifhtvm;o@mefwlonf/) xdkazmfjyrIESpfzufpvHk; olYt
wdkif;twmESifh olrSefuefMuonf! qefYusifbufjzpfae[efwifjyrIrsm;onf rdrdwdkYpdwfBudKuf?
vG,fulpGm em;vnfvdkjcif;ESifhrudkufnDacs/
u/ BudKwifa½G;cs,fcefUxm;jcif;onf vl\vGwfvyfaomqEÉSifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
c/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ vHkjcHKrIonf pGJNrJrIvdktyfjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
*/ ADZtjypfonf pdwfqE´tavsmuf jyKaomtjypfESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
C/ bk&m;jzpfaom a,½IESifhvljzpfaoma,½IrSm tNydKifjzpfonf/
i/ a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifhbkef;awmf nDwljzpfjcif;onf a,½Iu crnf;awmftm; tapcHjcif;ESifh
tNydKifjzpfonf/
p/ or®musrf;pmonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfjcif;rSm a&;om;olvlom;jzpfjcif;ESifh
tNydKifjzpfonf/
q/ tjypfuif;pifjcif; (pHkvifjynfh0jcif;0g'? a&mr 6)onf tjypfenf;EdkiforQenf;jcif;ESifh
tNydKifjzpfonf/
Z/ ppcsif; wpfcgwnf;ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefU½Sif;pifMu,frIrSm ydkíydkí oefU½Sif;pifMu,foGm;jcif;
ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
p/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmihfrwfjcif;onf (a&mr 4)tvkyf^tusifhtm;jzifh twnfjzpfaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif; (,mukyf 2;24-26)ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
n/ c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrIonf (a&mr 14;1-23/ 1aum 8;1-13/ 10;23-33)
c&pf,mef\wm0ef½SdrIESifh (*vmwd 5;16-21/ {zuf 4;1) tNydKifjzpfonf/
138
#/
X/
bk&m;ocif\omvGefxl;uJrIonf vl\twGif;tpÆKwåo@mefESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ociftm; t<uif;rJhoduRrf;EdkifrI r½Sdjcif;onf or®musrf;pmESifh c&pfawmftm;jzifh
oduRrf;jcif;ESifhtNydKifjzpfonf/
!/ u,fwifjcif;twGuf aygvk\wifpm;azmfjyrI (metaphor)rsm;pGmwdkUrSm
(1) om;t&mücefUjcif; (arG;pm;jcif;)
(2) oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;
(3) ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
(4) a½G;EIwfjcif;
(5) bkef;BuD;apjcif;
(6) BudKwifa½G;cs,fcefUxm;jcif;
(7) jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;
O/ bk&m;ocif\ypöKyÜefEdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfü¤if;\ NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
P/ bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfaom aemifw&jcif;onf u,fwifjcif;&&ef wHkUjyefrItwGuf
trdefUjzpfaom aemifw&jcif;(rmuk 1;15/ wref 20;21)ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/
w/ "r®a[mif;usrf;rSm tNrJtouf0ifaeonf[k qdkjcif;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;rSm acwfukefoGm;NyD;?
ysufjy,fqdwfokOf;oGm;cJhNyD (róJ 3;17-19 tNydKif 5;21-48/ a&mr 7 tNydKif *vmwd 3) [k
qdkjcif;ESifhtNydKifjzpfonf/
x/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tapcHrsm;ûRefrsm;jzpfonfqdkjcif;ESifh
om;orD;rsm;^tarGcHrsm;jzpfonfqdkjcif;wdkUrSm tNydKifjzpfonf/
 ]]0g<um;p&mtaMumif;udky,fNyD}} þa0g[m& (ek [out] kleio [shut])wdkU aygif;pyfjcif;udk þae&mESifh
*vmwd 4;17 üomoHk;onf/ vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]tvkyfydwfonf}}[líjzpfonf/
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh}} bk&m;ocif\y#dnOfw&m;topf a, 31;31-34/ (a,& 36;22-38)onf
vkyfaqmifrItay: tajcjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ aus;Zl;*½kPmESifhjynfhaom p½dkufawmfESifhuwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;?
udk;pm;jcif;jzpfonfh trust/ faith/ belief wnf;[laom (pistis )udk tajcjyKonf/ y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh
topfESpfrsKd;vHk;rSm usqif;cJhNyD;aom vlom;tm; bk&m;ocif\p½kdufawmf (ajzmifhrwfjcif;Oyrm 0wf 19;2/
róJ 5;48/ a&mr 8;29) twkdif; ajymif;vJoGm;ap&efjzpfonf/
3;28 ]]vlwpfa,mufonf ynwfw&m;\tusifhrygbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;cH&
onf[k igwdkUtckdiftrmqdkMuonf}} ¤if;onf 3;21-26tm; tusOf;csLHUjcif;ESifh tcef;BuD; 4-8wdkUtm;
wiful;í t&dyfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ (2wd 1;9/ wd 3;5)/ u,fwifjcif;onf c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhonfh tvkyfrSwqifh
tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaomfvnf; (3;24/ 5;15?17/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9) &ifhusufjcif;rSmrl emcHaom?aqmif½Guf
aom? 0wfjyKudk;uG,faomtoufwmjzpfonfh ]]t&mcyfodrf;}}tm; ¤if;\wefbdk;tjzpf ay;qyf&onf/ (*vm
wd 5;6/ {zuf 2;10/ zdvdyÜd 2;12 ESifh 1;5 \rSwfcsufrsm;üMunfhyg/
3;29 bk&m;ocif\&nf½G,fcsufrSm o@mefawmftwkdif; zefqif;cJhonfh vlom;tm;vHk; a½G;EIwf&efjzpfonf/
(urÇm 1;26? 27/ 5;1/ 9;6)/ a½G;EIwfjcif;uwdawmfjzpfonfh urÇm 3;15rSm tm'H\om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;
139
twGufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf urÇmtm; a½G;cs,f&eftvdkUiSg? tmjA[Hudka½G;cs,fcJhonf/ (urÇm 12;31/
xGuf 19;4-6/ a,m 3;16)/
þtcef;i,fonf 3;9enf;wl a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;acgif;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum;
wif;rmrItm; ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ *sL;rsm;\0wfjyKudk;uG,frItm; wm;qD;aom Nero bk&if\trdefU
awmfaMumifh *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf a&mrNrdKUrS xGufcGgoGm;MuNyD;? ¤if;wdkUae&mwGif wyg;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm;tpm;xdk;0ifvmonf/ tcef;BuD; 9-11onfvnf; þwif;rmrIudkyif ajymaejcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
3;30
]]pifppfrlum; bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\}}
]]bk&m;ocif wpfql½Sd\}}
]]bk&m;ocifrSm wpfqlwnf;jzpf\}}
]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfqljzpf\}}
]]bk&m;ocif wpfqlwnf;½Sdawmfrl\}}
¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufygaom0gusjzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefuefaomt&mtjzpf rSwf,ljcif;
(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;t,l0g'rSefonfqdkvQif? xdkt½SifrSm vlom;tm;vHk;\
bk&m;yifjzpfayrnf/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ bk&m;wpfqlwnf;om½Sdonf[laom t,l0g'
tpöa&; (tmjA[H 2000 bD? pD)twGufrSmrl ]]bk&m;trsm;xJu}}tqifhjrifhbk&m; high good- odkUr[kwf
t>rmbk&m;jzpfaom (Zoroastrianism)? aumif;jrwfonfh Iranian bk&m;rQomvQifr[kwfbJ? wpfql
wnf;omvQifjzpfaom bk&m;onfom tppftrSefjzpfonf/ ½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg; cRif;csufwpfa,muf tD*spfEdkifiHü
wpfcPom½SdcJhbl;onf/ (Akhenatan tjzpfvnf; od½Sdxm;Muonfh pwkw¬Kajrmuf Amenhotep IV jzpfonf/
1367-1350 (0g) 1386-1361 bD? pD)
þt,l0g'udk "r®a[mif;usrf;ü pum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh azmfjyonf/
1/ ]]igwdkU\ Elohim jzpfaom YHWH ESifhwlaomolwpfa,mufrQr½Sd/}}xGuf 8;10/ 9;14/ w&m;
33;26/ 3"r® 8;23/
2/ ]]olUtjyiftjcm;r½Sd}}? w&m; 4;35? 39/ 32;39/ 1"r® 2;2/ 2"r® 22;32/ a[½Sm 45;21/ 44;6? 8/
45;6? 21/
3/ ]] YHWH onf wpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\}}/ w&m; 6;4/ a&mr 3;30/ 1aum 8;4? 6/ 1wd 2;5/
,mukyf 2;19/
4/ ]]udk,fawmfuJhodkUaomolr½Sd}} 2"r® 7;22/ a,& 10;16/
5/ ]]udk,fawmfomvQif bk&m;jzpfawmfrl\/}} qm 86;10/ a[½Sm 37;16/
6/ ]]igha½SUrSm zefqif;&mxJu tb,fbk&m;ocifrQr½Sd? ighaemufrSmvnf; tb,fbk&m;ocifrQr½Sd}}
a[½Sm 43;10/
7/ ]]igwyg;wnf;om.../}} a[½Sm 45;5? 6? 22/
8/ ]]xdkbk&m;rSwyg;? tjcm;bk&m;r½Sd}} a[½Sm 45;14? 18/
9/ ]]igrSwyg;tjcm;aombk&m;r½Sd}} a[½Sm 45;21/
10/ igrSwyg;? iguJhodkUaomtjcm;bk&m;r½Sd}} a[½Sm 46;9/
140
tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aom þt,l0g'tm; wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh zGifhjycJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; 0efcH&ayrnf/
ueOD;azmfjycsufrsm;rSm ]]xm0&bk&m;ocifonf tjcm;bk&m;wdkU\txG#ftxdyfjzpfonf}} (henotheism)
odkUr[kwf vufawGUtm;jzifhrl wpfqlwnf;aombk&m; t,l0g'jzpfonf[k em;vnfxm;&efjzpfonf/
(tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;½Sdaomfvnf;? igwdkUtwGufrSmrl wpfqlwnf;omvQifjzpfonf/ xGuf 15;11/ 20;2-5/
w&m; 3;28/ 5;7/ 6;4? 14/ 10;17/ 32;12/ 3"r® 8;23/ qm 83;18/ 86;8/ 136;1-2)
yxrqHk;tBudrf{u0kpf(tenf;)udef;jzifh azmfjyaomusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm apmapmuyifjzpfonf/ (xGuf 8;10/
9;14/ w&m; 4;35? 39/ 33;26)/ tjynfhtpHk tNydKifjzpfaom tqdkrsm;udk a[½Sm, 43-46 twGif;
awGU½Sd&onf/ (43;11/ 44;6? 8/ 45;7? 14? 18? 22/ 46;5? 9)/
"r®opfusrf;onf w&m;a[m 6;4 tm; a&mr 3;30/ 1aum 8;4? 6/ {zuf 4;6/ 1wd 2;5 ESifh ,mukyf
2;19 wdkUünTef;onf/ a,½Ionf ¤if;tm; ynwådusrf;\tBuD;qHk;tcsuftjzpf róJ 22;36-37/ rmuk
12;29-30/ vkum 10;27 wdkUü azmfjynTef;qdkonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;enf;wl? "r®opfusrf;onfvnf;
tjcm;aomeH0dnmOfrsm;½SdaMumif; cdkifrmpGm azmfjyaomfvnf; (ewfqdk;rsm;? aumif;uifwrefrsm;) zefqif;½Sif^
a½G;EIwfaomt½Sif xm0&t½Sifbk&m;ocif YHWH (urÇm 1;1) wpfqlwnf;udkomvQif tckdiftrmazmfjyonf/
or®musrf;pmvm wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;½Siftm; xif½Sm;atmif azmfjyrIrsm;rSm
1/ xm0&bk&m;½Sifonf wpfqlwnf;ESifhtppftrSefjzpfonf/ (,xmblwoabmaqmifaomfvnf;
twdtusr[kwfacs)
2/ xm0&bk&m;½SifrSm yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf (urÇm 1;26-27/ 3;8)
3/ bk&m;ocifonf udk,fusihfw&m;ESifhqdkifonf/ (xGuf 34;6/ ae[rd 9;17/ qmvH 103;8-10)
4/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;udk rdrdESifhrdwfo[m,jyKap&ef (#2) rdrd\o@mefawmfESifhtnD
zefqif;onf/ (urÇm 1;26-27) olonf o0efwdkwwfaombk&m;jzpfonf/ (xGuf 20;2-3/
tjypf½Sdonf[k xifvG,folô0efwdkwwfol)
"r®opfusrf;xJwGif
1/
2/
3/
bk&m;ocifü xm0&jzpfaom? yk*¾dKvftm;jzifh ay:vGifrIoHk;ck½Sdonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
oHk;qlbk&m; - 8;11 üMunfhyg)/
bk&m;ocifonf pHkvifjynfh0pGmjzifh a,½ItxJ zGifhjycJhonf/ (a,m 1;1-14/ aum 1;15-19/
a[NAJ 1;2-3)
usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; a½G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ xm0&tpDtpOfrSm? ol\wpfyg;wnf;
aomom;awmfonf ,Zfaumiftjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd ay;vSLylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[½Sm 53/ rmuk
10;45/ 2aum 5;21/ zdvd 2;6-11/ a[NAJ)
 ]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkUtm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapawmfrlonf}} ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}
[laom *&dpum;vHk;rSm ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}pum;ESifh rl&if;twlwlyifjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m- 1;17
üMunfhyg/ bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuef&ef enf;vrf;wpfckwnf;omvQif½Sdonf/ (a&mr 9;30-32)/ u,fwifjcif;
twGuf owfrSwfaompHEIef;ESpf&yfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifw&jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/
20;21/ 1;5 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/) ¤if;onf *sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGufrSefonf/
 ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh...,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}}þpum;pkESpfrsKd;rSm tvm;wljzpfaMumif;odomonf/
0dbwfjzpfaom ek ESifh dia wdkUudk tjyeftvSefoHk;NyD;? uGJjym;jcm;em;aomoabm &nf½G,fjcif;r½Sdacs/
141
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om)bmomjyef u srf ; /
/ 3;31
31
odkUjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfukd y,fzsufMuoavm ?
xdkodkUrnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfEkdifacs! xdkodkUjzpf&rnfhtpm; igwdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmfudk cdkifNrJap
Mu\/
3;31
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]odkUjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfudk y,fzsufcJhMu
oavm?}}
]]odkYjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfukd
qdwfokOf;oGm;apcJhMuoavm?}}
]]odkUjzpfvQif? igwkdUonf þ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmftm;
arSmufvSefcJhMuoavm?}}
]]igwdkUonf þ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfudk z,f½Sm;cJhMuonf[k qdkvdk
oavm?}}
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;onf ynwfw&m;awmfudk taMumif;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf[k qdkvdkoavm}}
"r®opfusrf;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aomenf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;jzifh wifjyonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifay;aom zGifhjyrIjzpfNyD;? rnfonfhtcgürQ ysufpD;oGm;
rnfr[kwfacs/ (róJ 5;17-19/ a&mr 7;12? 14? 16)
2/ ¤if;onf a[mif;EGrf;í? ukefvGefcJhNyD(a[NAJ 8;13)
aygvkonf ]]ysufjy,f}}(nullify)pum;vHk;udk tBudrfaygif;ESpfq,fhig;Budrfwdkif oHk;cJhonf/ ¤if;pum;vHk;
tm; ]]ysufjy,fí qdwfokOf;oGm;aponf}} ]]wefckd;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]tusKd;oufa&mufrIr½Sd jzpfoGm;aponf}}
[lí bmomjyefMuonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 3;3 üMunfhyg/ aygvktqdkrSmrl ynwfw&m;awmfrSm txdef;
awmf(*vm 3;23)ESihf q&m (*vm 3;24)jzpfaomfvnf; xm0&toufudkrl ray;Ekdifacs/ (*vm 2;16? 19/
3;19) vlom;tm; jypf'PfpD&if&mü ¤if;udktajcjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (*vm 3;13/ aum 2;14)/ ]]tqdk;taumif;cGJ
jcm;odjrif&mtyif}}enf;wl arma½S\ynwådusrf;onfvnf; zGifhjyjcif;ESifh vl\usifh0wftm;prf;oyfrIjzpfonf/
ynwfw&m;[kqdk&mü aygvk\qdkvdk&if;rSm roJuGJacs/
1/ *sL;bmom\ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkif&menf;pHepf
2/ c&pfawmftxJ u,fwifjcif;&&ef wyg;trsKd;om;,HkMunfolrsm; jzwfoGm;Mu&rnfh tqifhwqifh
(*vmwdtoif;awmfwGif;½Sd *sL;bmom0ifrsm;)
 ]]ynwfw&m;awmfudk cdkifNrJapMu\}}aemufu pum;pkudkMunfhygu? þpum;pk\t"dyÜg,frSm
tb,fenf;? jzpfEkdifacsrSm
1/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf u,fwifjcif;&&ef vrf;r[kwfbJ? qufvufapmifhxdef;oGm;&ef
udk,fusihfw&m; vrf;jyjzpfonf/
2/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} 3;21/ 4;3 Mo0g'tm; oufaocHonf/ (urÇm 15;6/ qmvH
32;1-2? 10-11)
3/ ynwfw&m;\tm;enf;rI (vlom;\qefUusifykefuefrI a&mr 7/ *vm 3)tay: bk&m;ocif
142
auseyfrIudk c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;u jynfhpHkaponf 8;3-4/
4/ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;\&nf½G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfudk vlom;txJjyefvnfazmfaqmif&ef
jzpfonf/
w&m;Oya'qdkif&m ajzmifhrwfjcif;oabmtm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfonf ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;^
c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif;twGuf vrf;jywpfckjzpfvmonf/
txl;taMumif; t&m/ / arma½S\ynwådusrf;tay: aygvk\tjrif 13;9 üMunfhyg/
xdwfvefUbG,f&maumif;onfh qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef rSefaomt&mwpfckrSm bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
jcif;wnfNrJap&ef ynwfw&m;onf rpGrf;aqmifEkdifcJhaomfvnf;? ¤if;\ysufjy,foGm;rIrS wpfqifh c&pf,mef
onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh ajzmifhrwfaom? bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom
b0jzifh touf½SifoGm;Muonf/ ynwfw&m;awmf\yef;wkdifrSm atmifjrifoGm;cJhNyD jzpfonf/ odkUaomf vlom;
\aqmif½GufrItm;jzifh r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmftxJ? bk&m;ocif\tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf aMumifhomjzpfygownf;!
4;1-12 ]]cd k i f N rJ a ponf } }a0:0g[m&tm; txl ; taMumif ; t&m/ /&yf w nf o nf 5;2 üMunf h y g/
rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;onfh
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaomþar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm;
1/ a&mr 3;21-31tm; rdrdpum;jzifh tusOf;csLHUyg/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf twdwfumvuvlom;wdkU\tjypfrsm;udk tb,faMumifhvpfvsL½IcJhoenf;? (i,f
25)
3/ "r®a[mif;acwf,HkMunfolrsm; rnfodkUrnfyHktjypfrS u,fwifjcif;&cJhMuoenf;? (3;25)
4/ a,½Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;onf ynwfw&m;awmfukd rnfodkUcdkifNrJapoenf;? (3;31)/
143
a&mr 4
UBS4
NKJV
tmjA[H\Oyrm
tmjA[Honf ,HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf
apjcif;&
4;1-12
4;1-4
'g0d'fonftvm;wl
or®mw&m;udkjy
4;5-8
tmjA[Honfta&zsm;
rvSD;rDajzmifhrwfapjcif;&
4;9-12
,HkMunfjcif;
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh uwdawmf
tm;jzifhuwdawmf twdkif;ay;oem;
udk&½Sdap
4;13-25
4;13-25
NRSV
TEB
tmjA[Honf
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
ajzmifhrwfjcif;&
tmjA[H\Oyrm
4;1-8
4;1-8
4;9-12
tmjA[H\ppfrSefaom
tEG,frsm;
4;9-12
bk&m;ocif\
uwdawmftwdkif;&
4;13-15
4;16-25
4;13-15
4;16-25
zwfvnfzwf½I\ tausmhoHk;(pmrsufESm
Xi
NJB
tmjA[Honf
,HkMunfjcif;tm;
jzihfajzmifhrwf
apjcif;&
4;1-8
ta&zsm;rvSD;rD
ajzmifhrwfap
jcif;&
4;9-12
ynwfawmf
vdkufemí
ajzmifhrwfonf
r[kwf
4;13-17
tmjA[H\
,HkMunfjcif;
onfc&pf,mef
,HkMunfjcif;\Oyrm
4;18-25
-Munfh)
rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;
r[kwfacs/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
144
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
pmtquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;tm; arma½S\ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh vHk;0r[kwfbJ? tcrJhvufaqmif
tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefoltjzpf ausnmay;jcif;cH&onf[k tckdiftrmqdkaom aygvk\
xdwfvefUbG,f&m oGefoifcsuftm; 3;21-31üazmfjyonf/ aygvk\pdwfxJü *sL;bmomtm;
qefYusifaomoabm½SdaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ ,ckaygvkonf rdrda[monfh {0Ha*vdowif;
aumif;rSm rdrdtqef;xGifjcif;r[kwfaMumif;tm; (3;21) "r®a[mif;usrf;rS tmjA[HESifh'g0d'fwdkUtm;
jzifh Oyrmay;um oufaojyonf/ (ti,f 6-8)
c/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmihfrwfjcif;Mo0g'twGuf udk;um;aomtaxmuftxm;rsm;udk arma½S\
ynwådusrf;jzpfonfh urÇmOD;usrf;rS w&m;a[m&musrf;wnf;[laom yxrusrf;ig;wdkUrS,lum
a&mr 4 üwifjyxm;onf/ þtaMumif; 3;21-31ü tusOf;csKHUazmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wpfOD;twGuf
qdkygrl arma½S\usrf;rsm; udk;um;azmfjyjcif;? txl;ojzifh *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\zcifBuD;tjzpf ½Ijrifjcif;
cH&ol tmjA[HESifhqdkifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;tm; udk;um;azmfjyjcif;onf "r®oabmw&m;t&
txl;t"dyÜg,fjynfh0onf/ 'g0d'ftm; <uvmvwHhaom ar½Sd,\yHkpHtjzpf ½Ijrifxm;Muonf/
(2"r®&mZ0if 7)
*/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGuf ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrI
aMumifh þtaMumif;tm; aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;onf olwdkU
tm;ae;½dk; (Nero)bk&ifBuD;u a&mrNrdKUtm; pGefUcGgxGufajy;apvdkonf[k cHpm;cJhMuonf/ (olu
*sL;rsm;\bmoma&;yGJawmfrsm; tm;vHk;y,fzsufonf)/ toif;awmftwGif; olwdkU\ae&mudk
wpfyg;trsKd;om;c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm; tpm;xdk;ae&m,lMuonf/ yxrtokwf jyefvmolrsm;
aMumifh acgif;aqmifae&m rnfol,l&rnftaMumif;ESifh tjiif;yGg;rIjzpfyGg;vmcJhonf/
C/ usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;onf rdrdwdkU&½Sdaom0dnmOfa&;&mtvif;w&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIjyKum?
bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf aemifw&jcif;rSwqifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh u,fwif
jcif;&cJhMujcif;jzpfaMumif; a&mr 4 uazmfjyonf/ (urÇm? 15;6/ a&mr 4;3)/ topfaomy#dnOf
w&m;onf enf;vrf;aygif;rsm;pGmjzifh y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ESifh jywfjywfxifxif uGJjym;jcm;onf
r[kwfacs/ a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-38)
i/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufjcif;tm; vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf
vrf;zGifhay;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? ueOD;,HkMunfjcif; zcifBuD;rsm;(0g)tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;twGufomvQif
r[kwfacs/
p/ aygvkonf ,cifu *vmwd 3üazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; tmjA[HtaMumif;udktajcjyKum rdrd\"r®o
abmw&m;qdkif&m wifjyrItm; þae&mü tus,fw0ifhazmfjyonf/
q/ uREfkyfonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; c&pf,mefwpfOD;taejzifh a&mr 3;21-31/ 4;1-25/ 5;1-21 ESifh
*vmwd 3wdkUrSm tqHk;tjzwfay;aomusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf[k 0efcHygonf/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'frsm;onf
145
c&pf,meftaMumif;tm; uRefawmfem;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonfhenf;jzihf
uRefawmf\ajrmfvifhjcif;onf atmufygwdkUtay: tajcwnfaeygonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf
2/ c&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmf
3/ or®musrf;pm\ ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI
4/ aygvk\ ½Sif;vif;aompmrsm;
½Sif;vif;ay;ygonf/
pum;vHk;ESihf pum;pkavhvmrI
1
xdkodkUjzpfvQif? igwdkUbdk;ab;tmjA[Honf aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh b,ftusKd;&oenf;/ 2tmjA[H
onf tusihftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufonfrSe fvQif 0g<um;p&mtaMumif;½Sd\/ odkUaomf bk&m;
ocifha½SUawmfü xdkodkUr[kwf/ 3usrf;pmü tb,fodkUvmoenf; tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifukd,HkMunf
onfjzpfí ol\,HkMunfjcif;udk ajzmifhr wfjcif;uJhodkU rSwf,lawmfrl\/ 4tusifh½Sdaomolrnfonfum;
5
rsufESmomay;rItm;jzifh tusKd;cHpm;&onfr[kwf/ &xdkufaomt&mtm; &½Sdjcif;jzpf\/ tusifhr½Sd
aomolrnfonfum; bk&m;w&m;r½Sdaomoltm; ajzmifhrwfapaomoludk ,HkMunfvQif? ol\,HkMunf
jcif;udk ajzmifhrwfjcif;uJhodkUrSwf,l\/ 6xdkUtwl tusihfudkraxmufbJ? bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfap
awmfrljcif; cH&ol\aumif;csD;taMumif; 'g0d'fonfvnf; ajymonfhtwdkif; 7w&m;rJhaomtjyKtrlrsm;
tm; tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&um? ¤if;wdkU\tjypfzHk;tkyfay;jcif;cH&olwdkUonf r*Fvm½SdMu\/ 8xm0&bk&m;
\ jypfwifawmfrljcif;ESifhvTwfaomolonf r*Fvm½Sd\/
4;1 ]]igwdkUbdk;ab;tmjA[H}}tmjA[H\emrnft"dyÜg,frSm ]]vlrsm;pGmwdkU\zcif}}[líjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1618)/ ol\rlvemrnf ]]tmjAH}}onf ]]csD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&aomzcif}}[lí t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
þae&müoHk;onfh pma&;[efrSm jypfwifa0zefpmrsKd;jzpfonf/ (4;1/ 6;1/ 7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14?30)
tmjA[Htm; Oyrmxm;&jcif;rSm (urÇm 11;27-25;11)
1/ *sL;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUtrsKd;\rlvtjzpf xdkodkUaom*kPf,lrIrsm;½Sdjcif;aMumifh (róJ 3;9/ a,m[ef
8;33? 37? 39)
2/ oludk,fwdkif\ ,HkMunfjcif;onf y#dnOfw&m; yHkpHESihftvm;wlaejcif;aMumifh (urÇm 15;6)
3/ ol\,HkMunfjcif;onf arma½S\ynwådusrf;ay;jcif;xuf t&ifusaomaMumihf (xGuf 19-20)
4/ olUtm; rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;rsm; toHk;jyKjcif;aMumifh (,k'bmom0ifrsm; Oyrm -*vmwd
NrdKUom;rsm;)
ueOD;usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf taMumif;&if;tcsKdUaMumifh atmufygpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;wdkYtm; a,mif0g;0g;oHk;
cJhMuonf/
1/ bdk;ab; (forefather MSS a*2)A, C*
2/ tb? MSS a 1, C3, D, E, G
xdkodkUjzpf&jcif;rSm tmjA[Honf tpöa&;vlrsKd;wdkU\bdk;ab; (Oyrm-acgif;aqmifaygvkonf toif;awmf
wGif;½Sd *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;udk&nfnTef;onf) tjzpfESifhxdktmjA[Honfyif bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;tm; usifhoHk;ol
146
tm;vHk;wdkU\ zcifjzpfjcif;ESpfrsKd; (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;\zcif urÇm 2;28-29)tNydKifjzpfaejcif;
ESpfrsKd;tMum; cGJa0&cufaeMujcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
 ]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/
4;2 ]]vQif}}¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;(A.T Robertson \ Word Pictures twGJ 4/ pm?
350 üMunfhyg/) pma&;ol\tjrifrS rSefuefonf[k ,lqrI(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tppftrSef
r[kwfaomfvnf; "r®oabmw&m;\tcsufwpfcsuftm; &nfnTef;aejcif;oabmjzpfaom yxrtrsKd;tpm;
cRif;csuf0gusrsm;twGuf Oyrmaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/ (i,f 14)/
Joseph A. Fitzmyer onfol\ The Anchor Bible twGJ 33? pm 327 üajymonfrSm xdk0gusonf
a&maESmaomcRif;csufjzpfum (tmjA[Honf tusihftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufonfrSef]]vQif}}[kqdk&mü xdk
odkYr[kwfojzifh tjzpfrSefESifhqefYusifaeonf/ 'kwd,ydkif;onf yxrwef;pm;jzpfonf/
 ]]tusihftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&muf}} ¤if;onf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmf
aMumifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifhqefUusifbufjzpfonf/ þenf;jzifh vl\tm;xkwfrItm;jzifh(4;4)u,fwifjcif;&Ekdif
cJhrnfqdkvQif c&pfawmf\vkyfaqmifrI vdktyfvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ ynwfw&m;awmf\tusifhrsm;tm;jzifh
ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufjcif;udk *sL;&AÁq&mBuD;rsm;pGmu tmjA[HESifh qdkifí tckdiftrmazmfjyMuonf/ (Wisdom
10:5; Ecclesiasticus 44:20-21; IMac. 2:52; Jubilees 6:19-20; 15:1-2) aygvkonf &AÁdq&mBuD; oifwef;
wufcJholwpfOD;yDyD þusrf;ydk'f;rsm;udk aumif;pGmodxm;vdrfhrnfomjzpf\/
rnfodkUjzpfap usqif;cJhNyDjzpfaomvlom;onf bk&m;ocif\y#dnOfqdkif&mtvkyfrsm;udk aqmif½GufEkdif
pGrf;r½Sdjcif;aMumifh "r®a[mif;usrf;onf usdefqJjcif;wpfrsKd;? ao'PfpD&ifcsufwpfckjzpfvmonf/ (*vmwd
3;13/ aum 2;14)/
*sL;"r®ynm½Sifrsm;onf arma½S\ynwådusrf;rwdkifrD tmjA[Htouf½SifcJhaMumif; od½SdcJhMuaomfvnf; olonf
ynwfawmfudkwiful;od½SdNyD; apmifhxdef;vdkufemonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ (Ecclesiasticus 44:20 ESifh
Jubilees 6:19-20; 15:1-2)
 ]]0g<um;p&m½Sd\}}þtoHk;tEIef;udk aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü rMumcPawGU&onf/ olü zg&d½SJwpfa,muf
jzpfcJhaomaemufcHordkif;½Sdojzifh þjyóemudk olcHpm;od½Sdonf/ (3;27/ 1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ txl;
taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif;taMumif; 2;17 üMunfhyg/
4;3
NASB, NKJV
NRSV, TEV
NJB
]]tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfonf}}
]]tmjA[Honf rdrd\,HkMunfjcif;udk bk&m;ocifüxm;½Sdonf}}
¤if;rSm urÇm 15;6 rSaumufEkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þpum;udk þtcef;BuD;ü oHk;cgoHk;NyD;
(4;3?9? 22) u,fwifjcif;taMumif;tm; "r®oabmw&m;t& aygvkem;vnfrIü rnfrQta&;BuD;aMumif;
ay:vGifonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]],HkMunfjcif;}}a0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm opömapmifhjcif;? uwdwnfjcif;(0g)
,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;jzpfNyD; bk&m;ocif\oabmobm0tm;azmfjyonf/ uRefawmfwdkUvlom;rsm;tm; azmfjy
147
jcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;onf a[jAJa0g[m& (emun, emunah)rSqif;oufNyD; ]]aocsmonf odkUr[kwf cdkifNrJonf}}
[laomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom ,HkMunfjcif;rSm
1/ pdwftm;jzifh oabmwljcif; (or®mw&m;udkodjcif;)
2/ pdwfqE´tm;jzifh qufuyfjcif; (qHk;jzwfjcif;)
3/ usifhMuHjyKrljcif; (touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH)
4/ rlvtm;jzifh awmfpyfrI (vlwpfa,muftm; vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;)
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ,HkMunf? udk;pm;jcif;ESifh opöm½Sdjcif;(Believe, Trust, Faith
and Faithfulness)taMumif; 1;5 üMunfhyg/
txl;owdjyK&efrSm tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;onf tem*wfumv ar½Sd,ür[kwfbJ? olYüom;a,musfm;
wpfa,mufxGef;um;NyD;? tquftEG,frsm;½Sdrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
(urÇm 12;2/ 15;2-5/ 17;4-8/ 18;14)/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ociftm; udk;pm;jcif;jzifh þuwdawmfudk
wHkUjyefcJhonf/ ¤if;uwdawmfjynfhpHkvm&ef q,fhoHk;ESpfwdkifMumcJhojzifh olüoHo,rsm;ESifh? uwdawmfESifhqdkif
aomjyóemrsm;½SdcJhonfomjzpf\/ rnfodkUjzpfapol\ rpHkvifaom,HkMunfjcif;udkyif? bk&m;ocifonf
vufcHcJhonf/ vlom;onf tjypftemtqmESihfjzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESihf rdrd\uwdawmfrsm;
tm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkUjyefolrsm;ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfvdkNyD;? olwdkU\,HkMunfjcif;onf rkefnif;apht½G,frQyif
jzpfapumrl vufcHawmfrl\/ (róJ 17;20)/
4;3? 4? 5? 6? 8? 9? 10? 22? 23? 24
NASB, NRSV ]]rS w f , l a wmf r l \ }}
NKJV
]],lqawmfrl\}}
TEV
]]bk&m;ocifonf olUtm;vufcHawmfrl\}}
NJB
]]xdk,HkMunfjcif;udk...,lqonf}}
rSwf,lonf-reckoned (logizomia)3;28ESifh tcef;BuD; 4 ü 11BudrfoHk;onf)qdkonfrSm pm&if;Z,m;
qdkif&ma0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]wmcsay;onf}} ]]wpfpHkwpfa,muf\pm&if;ü aiGoGif;onf}} (LXX urÇm 15;6/ 0wf
7;18/ 17;4)[líjzpf\/ tvm;wlor®mw&m;udk 2aum 5;21ESifh*vmwd 3;6 wdkUü vSypGmazmfjyonf/ urÇm
15;6 ESifh qmvH 32;2wdkUü pm&if;Z,m;qdkif&ma0g[m&]]aiGoGif;onf}}pum;vHk;oHk;ojzifh aygvkonf ¤if;
usrf;ydk'fESpfckpvHk; aygif;pyfoHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ þuJhodkUaygif;pyfoHk;EIef;jcif;rSm &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;oHk;onfh
teufzGifhjcif;qdkif&m ed,rwpfckjzpfonf/
*&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX)ürl aiGpkjcif;qdkif&ma0g[m&roHk;bJ? pmtkyfxdef;odrf;jcif;qdkif&m
a0g[m&toHk;jyKNyD; 'Ha,v 7;10/ 12;1 wdkUü azmfjyaompmtkyfrsm;ESifh qufpyfrI½SdEkdifonf/ wifpm;azmfjyrI
jzpfaom þpmtkyfESpftkyf (bk&m;ocif\rSwfwrf;) rSm
1/ usifhMuHjyKrljcif;qdkif&mpmtkyf (qmvH 56;8/ 139;16/ a[½Sm 65;6/ rmv 3;16/ Asm 20;12-13)
2/ toufpmapmif (xGuf 32;32/ qmvH 69;28/ a[½Sm 4;3/ 'H 12;1/ vk 10;20/ zd 4;3/ a[NAJ
12;23/ Asm 3;5/ 13;8/ 17;8/ 20;15/ 21;27)
tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;tm; ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf bk&m;ocifa&;om;azmfjy&m pmtkyfrSm]]toufpmapmif}}ü
jzpfonf/
4;3? 5? 6? 9? 10? 11? 13? 22? 25 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf}}¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf; a0g[m&jzpfaom
]]wdkif;wm&musL;vHk;}}(tsadak)udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmftm;azmfjy&ef wif
148
pm;toHk;jyKonfh aqmufvkyfa&;qdkif&ma0g[m&jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ajzmifhrwfNyD;? vlom;tm;vHk; rSm
aumufauG;Muonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü ¤if;pum;vHk;udk bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHudk arQmfvifh
aomt"dyÜg,fjzifh &yfwnfcsufESifhqdkifaom w&m;Oya'(w&m;pD&ifa&;)qdkif&mt"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mef
wdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ajrmfvifhjcif;rSm rdrd\p½dkufawmfyifjzpfNyD;? wpfenf;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;
jzpfonf/ (8;28-29/ *vmwd 4;19)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; - 1;17 üMunfhyg/
4;5 ,HkMunfjcif;\tESpfom&rSm rdrdukd,frdrd zGifhjyawmfrlol bk&m;ociftm; rdrd\tm;xkwfrI(0g)xdkufwefrI
tay: tm;xm;jcif;vHk;0rjyKbJ? wHkUjyefjcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcgu,fwifjcif;&um? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfvmcJhNyD
qdkvQif rdrdwdkU\touf½Sifjcif; yHkpHta&;BuD;r[kwfawmhacs[laom oabmr[kwfacs/ c&pf,mef\yef;wdkifrSm
wrvGefb0ü aumif;uifbHktm; tarGcHjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,ckvuf½Sdü c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmf
wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh u,fwifjcif;? ajzmifhrwfapjcif;rsm;&½Sdonfr[kwf/ uRefawmfwdkU\
vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;jzifh rSefuefaom&yfwnfjcif;&½SdMuonf r[kwfaomfvnf;? aumif;aomt&mrsm;jyK&ef
a½G;EIwfcHMujcif;jzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-9 ESifh 10/ ,mukyfESifh1a,m[ef)/ toufwmajymif;vJcJhNyD;? ajymif;vJ
vsuf½Sdaejcif;rSm vlwpfa,muf u,fwifjcif;&aMumif;\taxmuftxm;jzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf
oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfay:aponf/
 ]],HkMunfonf}}¤if;rSm
Munfhyg/
PRESENT
ACTIVE
PARTICIPLEjzpfonf/
atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /,HkMunfonf? udk;pm;onf FAITH,
TRUST, Pistis (emrf ) PisteuŌ (Bud , m) Pistos (emr0d a ooe)/
u/
c/
*/
BELIEVE, OR
or®musrf;pmü ¤if;\ta&;BuD;yHkudk a[NAJ 11;1? 6 üawGU&onf/ ¤if;rSm a,½I\ueOD;a[m
Mum;onfhtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/ (rm 1;15)/ y#dnOfw&m;opfü tenf;qHk; awmif;qdkrIESpfck
½Sd&m aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1;15/ wrefawmf 3;16? 19/ 20;21)/
¤if;\rlvZpfjrpfrSm
1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]],HkMunfjcif;}}-faith \t"dyÜg,frSm opöm½Sdjcif; uwdopömapmifhjcif;(0g)
,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\obm0tm; a&;om;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ vl\obm
0tm; azmfjy&efroHk;acs/
2/ ¤if;onf a[NAJa0g[m& (emun, emunal)rS qif;oufvmNyD;]]aocsmonf odkUr[kwf ckdifcHh
onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom ,HkMunfjcif;(faith)onf pdwfykdif;qdkif&m
or®mw&m;udpö&yfrsm;? toufwmqdkif&m udk,fusihfw&m;ESifh rlvawmfpyfrI(vlwpfOD;tm;
vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;)ESifh tqdkygvlyk*¾dKvfü pdwfqE´tm;jzifh qufuyfrI(qHk;jzwfjcif;)jzpfonf/
¤if;a0g[m&tm; "r®a[mif;usrf;ü toHk;jyKyHkudk txl;azmfjy&efrSm tmjA[H\,HkMunfrIonf
tem*wf ar½Sd,ü r[kwfbJ? olonf om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufxGef;um;NyD;? tquftEG,frsm;
½Sdrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 12;2/ 15;2-5/
17;4-8/ 18;14)/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ociftm; udk;pm;jcif;jzifh wHkUjyefrIjyKonf/ tqdkyg
uwdawmftwdkif;jzpfvm&ef ESpfaygif;wq,fhoHk;ESpfwdkif Mumanmif;cJhojzifh olüvnf; oHo,
149
rsm;ESifh jyóemrsm;½Sdonfomjzpf\/ rnfodkUjzpfap ol\rpHkrvifaom,HkMunfjcif;udkyif
bk&m;ocifvufcHawmfrlonfomjzpf\/ vlom;onf tjypftemtqmESifhjzpfaomfvnf;?bk&m;
ocifonf rdrdESifhrdrd\uwdawmfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkUjyefolrsm;ESifhtwl? tvkyfvkyf
vdkNyD; olwdkU\,HkMunfjcif;onf rkefnif;apht½G,frQyifjzpfygap vufcHay;awmfrl\/ (róJ
17;20)/
C/ ¤if;tm; "r®opfusrf;ü toHk;jyKyHk
]],HkMunf}}-belief qdkaom a0g[m&onf *&da0g[m&(pisteuo)rSjzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfonf-belief
odkUr[kwf]]udk;pm;onf}}-trust (0g)faith tjzpf bmomjyefEkdifonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh emrfjzpfonfh
faith udk a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü roHk;aomfvnf; Bud,mjzpfonfh belief or trust udk rMumcP
oHk;onf/ a,m[ef 2;23-25üvltkyfBuD;onf emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Itay: ar½Sd,tjzpf
qufuyfrIrSm tppftrSef[kwfr[kwf raocsmay/ þtay:,H]],HkMunf}}-belief a0g[m&
twGuf tjcm;aomOyrmrsm;rSm a,m[ef 8;31-59 ESifh wrefawmf 8;13? 18-24 wdkUjzpf
onf/ or®musrf;tvdkt& ppfrSefaom,HkMunfjcif;onf tpjyKwHkUjyefvdkuf½Hkxuf ydkrdkonf/
¤if;tm; wynfhawmfjzpfjcif;u vdkufygvm&ygrnf/ (róJ 13;20-22/ 31-32)/
i/ ¤if;tm; 0dbwfrsm;ESifhwGJí oHk;EIef;yHk
1/ eis onf ]]txJodkU}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\udk;pm;rI trust/faith tm;
a,½ItxJ xm;½Sdonf[ktxl;jyKonf/
(u) emrawmfxJü (a,m 1;12/ 2;23/ 3;18/ 1a,m 5;13)/
(c) udk,fawmf\txJü (a,m 2;11/ 3;15? 18/ 4;39/ 6;40/ 7;5? 31? 39? 48/ 8;30/
9;36/ 10;42/ 11;45? 48/ 17;37? 42/ róJ 18;6/ wref 10;43/ zd 1;29/ 1ay
1;8)/
(*) ightxJü (a,m 6;35/ 7;38/ 11;25? 26/ 12;44? 46/ 14;1? 12/ 16;9/ 17;20)/
(C) om;awmftxJü (a,m 3;36/ 9;35/ 1a,m 5;10)
(i) a,½ItxJü (a,m 12;11/ wref 19;4/ *vm 2;16)
(p) tvif;awmftxJü (a,m 12;36)
(q) bk&m;ociftxJü (a,m[ef 14;1)
2/ en onf a,m 3;15/ rmuk 1;15/ wref 5;14wdkUrSm enf;wl]]txJ-in}}[lí t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
3/ epi onf róJ 27;42/ wref 9;42/ 11;17/ 16;31/ 22;19/ a&mr 4;5? 24/ 9;33/ 10;11/
1wd 1;16/ 1ay 2;6 wdkUrSm enf;wl]]txJ}}odkUr[kwf tay:(upon)[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
4/ 0dbwfrygbJ? uwåm;yk'f DATIVE CASE tjzpf awGU&onfrSm *vmwd 3;6/ wref 18;8/
27;25/ 1a,m 3;23/ 5;10/
5/ hoti \t"dyÜg,frSm ]]aMumif;tm; ,HkMunf}}[lít"dyÜg,f½SdNyD; ,HkMunf&rnfht&mrSm
(u) a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\oefU½Sif;awmfrloljzpfaMumif; (6;69)
(c) a,½Ionf]]ig}}qdkoljzpfaMumif; (a,m 8;24)
(*) a,½Ionf crnf;awmftxJü½SdNyD;? crnf;awmfonf a,½ItxJ½SdaMumif;(a,m10;38)
(C) a,½IrSm ar½Sd,jzpfaMumif; (a,m 11;27/ 20;31)
(i) a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif; (a,m 11;27/ 20;31)
(p) a,½Iudk crnf;awmfapvTwfaMumif; (a,m 11;42/ 17;8? 21)
150
(q) a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifhwpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfaMumif; (a,m 14;10-11)
(Z) a,½Ionf crnf;awmfxHawmfrS <uvmaMumif; (a,m 16;27? 30)
(ps) a,½Ionf crnf;awmf\y#dnOfcHemrawmfjzpfaom ]]igjzpfonf}}[laomemrawmfESihf
olUudk,fol xyfwljyKaMumif; (a,m 8;24/ 13;19)
(n) igwdkUonf olESifhtwl touf½SifaexdkifMuvdrfhrnftaMumif; (a&mr 6;8)
(#) a,½Ionf taocHí jyefxaMumif; (1ouf 4;14)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV, NJB
]]ol\,HkMunfjcif;}}
]]xdkuJhodkUaom ,HkMunfjcif;}}
]]¤if;rSm þ,HkMunfrIyifjzpfonf}}
tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;udk olUtwGuf ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwf,lay;vdkufonf/ ¤if;rSm tmjA[H\
vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh r[kwfbJ? ol\wHkUjyefrIaMumifhjzpfonf/ ol\tjyKtrlonf ol\,HkMunfrIudk twnf
jzpfaponf/ (,mukyf 2;14-26)/
]]oGif;ay;onf?wmcsay;onf}}-reckoned [laompum;udkvnf; awmvnf 25;11-13udknTef;onfh
qmvH 106;31 u zded[yfESifhqdkifí *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;(LXX)ü toHk;jyKonf/ þae&mü urÇm15;6u
tmjA[HuJhodkUr[kwfbJ? zded[yf\tjyKtrludk tajcjyKum oGif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
 ]]bk&m;w&m; r½dkaoaomoltm; ajzmifhrwfapaomoludk,HkMunfvQif? ol\,HkMunfjcif;udk?
ajzmifhrwf jcif;uJhodkU rSwf,l\/}} ¤if;rSm xdwfvefUp&maumif;aom azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ ti,f 3 u tmjA[H
taMumif;ESifhqifwlonf(urÇm 15;6)/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf vlUvkyfaqmifrI\&vm'fr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif
\qkvufaqmif(3;24 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg)jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;7 üMunfhyg/
 ]]'g0d'f}}tmjA[Honf vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh pHkvifjynfh0olr[kwfaomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif
ESifh rSefuefoljzpfonfhtwdkif;? 'g0d'fvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (qmvH 32 ESifh 51)/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifh
("r®a[mif;) rdrd\om;awmf("r®opf)tm; ,HkMunfrIazmfxkwfum? usqif;cJhNyD;ol vlom;rsm;udkcspfí (urÇm 3)
xdkodkUaomolrsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfonf/
4;6 ]]tusihfudkraxmufbJ}}aygvkonf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; &nfnTef;azmfjyjcif;rjyKrD (qm 32;1-2) þ
pum;pkukd txl;jyKMum;n§yfazmfjyonf/ vlom;onf c&pfawmf\zsefajzrI aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh vlyk*¾dKvf\
bmoma&;vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfrItm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefrI&½Sdonf/ (3;21-31/ {zuf
2;8-10)
4;7-8/¤if;rSm qmvH 32;1-2 tm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 7 ½SdBud,mESpfckjzpfonf! ]]tjypfvTwfjcif;cHcJh
NyD}}ESifh]]zHk;tkyfay;jcif;cHcJh&NyD}} ESpfrsKd;pvHk;rSm AORIST PASSIVE jzpfonf/ vkyfaqmifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfonf
[kqdkvdkonf/ ti,f 8 ü cdkifrmaomtjiif;oabmESpfckyg½Sdonf/ ]]rnfonfhtajctaeürqdk}}rrSwf,l?
r,lq? oGif;ay;vdrfhrnfr[kwf}}[líjzpfonf/ þusrf;nTef;üyg½Sdaom Bud,moHk;ckudk rSwfom;yg/ ¤if;wdkY
tm;vHk;onf tjypftm; w&m;aovTwfvdkufaMumif;azmfjyonf/
151
4;7 ]]tjypfrsm; zHk;tkyfay;jcif;cH&ol}}¤if;rSm qmvH 32;1 rSjzpfonf/ ]]zHk;tkyfay;jcif;}}oabmrSm tpöa&;wkdU
,ZfylaZmfjcif; bmom\tESpfom&jzpfonf/ (0wf 1-7)/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypftm;zHk;tkyfjcif; (AORIST
PASSIVE INDICATE)tjypftm; rdrdjrifuGif;rS z,f½Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (a[½Sm 38;17/ rdu©m 7;19/ Brown,
Driver, Briggs, p.491)þoabmudkyif tjcm;a[NAJpum;vHk;wpfvHk;jzpfonfh ]]zHk;tkyfjcif;}}-(caphar)twGuf
tjypfajz&m^zHk;tkyf&maeU tcef;tem;üoHk;onf/ ¤if;rSm tpöa&;\tjypfrsm;udkzHk;tkyfonfh ]]aus;Zl;yv’ifawmf}}
mercy seat jzpfNyD;? ¤if;tay:taoG;yufjzef;onf/ (0wf 16)/ tjcm;or®musrf;enf;us wifpm;oHk;EIef;rI
wpfrsKd;rSm wpfa,muf\tjypftm;zsufypfonf (a[½Sm 1;18/ 43;25) odkUr[kwf z,f½Sm;onf(wref 3;19/
aum 2;14/ Asm 3;5)[líjzpf\/
4;8 ]]xm0&bk&m;\jypfwifawmfrljcif;ESifh vTwfaomolonf r*Fvm½Sd\}}/¤if;rSm qmvH 32;2 rSudk;
um;jcif;jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]rSwf,lonf}}(reckon)]]oGif;onf}}(impute)odkUr[kwf]]wpfa,muf\pm&if;xJ
aiGoGif;onf}}[laoma0g[m&tm; tjiif;oabmjzifh oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfol\
0dnmOfa&;&maiGpm&if;ü tjypfudkroGif;ay;acs/ (tjiif;oabmESpfck xyfoHk;onf)/ ¤if;tpm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk
oGif;ay;ygonf/ ¤if;onf vlom;\*kPfj'yf? vkyfaqmifrI(0g)xdkufwefrIudk tajccHjcif;r[kwfbJ? bk&m;
ocif\aus;Zl;*½kPmawmfjzpfaomp½dkufawmf? tcrJhvufaqmifESifh xkwfazmfausnmrIudkom tajcjyKonf!
9
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkcHaomolwdkUomvQif xdkr*Fvmudk&Muoavm/ odkUr[kwf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk
rcHaomvlwdkUonfvnf; &Muoavm/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ,HkMunfjcif;udk tmjA[Hü ajzmifhrwfjcif;
uJhodkU rSwfawmfrlonf[k igwdkUqdkMu\/ 10xdkodkUqdkaomf tb,fodkUrSwfoenf;/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk
cHNyD;rS rSwfoavm/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHrD rSwfoavm/ cHNyD;rSrSwfonfr[kwf/ rcHrD rSwfownf;/
11
xdkYjyif ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHbJ? ,HkMunfaomolwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;oGif;ay;jcif;cHum? olwdkU
tm;vHk;\tbjzpfapjcif;iSg? rdrdta&zsm;vSD;jcif; rcHrDu? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfrI\
wHqdyfjzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;udk cH,lcJh\/ 12olonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkUomru?
igwdkUtbtmjA[Honf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rcHrDu ½SdcJhaom,HkMunfjcif;ajcvSrf;rsm;tm;vdkufavQmuf
olwdkY\tbvnf;jzpf\/
4;9-12 ,k'q&mwdkUonf u,fwifjcif;&½Sd&ef ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;vdktyfonf[k a[mMujcif;aMumifh (*vmwd
Mo0g'pmESihf a,½k½SvifaumifpD-wrefawmf 15)aygvkonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif; xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;
jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
aygvkonf *sL;usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;\teufzGifhjcif; twwfynmtm; oifMum;cJholjzpfojzifh *v 15;6
ESifh qmvH 32;2 wdkYrSm yHkpHwlBud,mjzpfaMumif; od½SdcJhonfomjzpf\/ (a[NAJrl&if;ESifh*&dbmom jyefusrf;
LXX ESpfrsKd;pvHk;)þtcsufonf þusrf;ydk'frsm;\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m&nf½G,fcsuf aygif;pyfxm;&mjzpf
ayvdrfhrnf/
4;9 ti,f 9 uar;cGef;onf]]r[kwf}}[laomtajzudk arQmfvifhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wpfyg;vlrsKd;rsm;yif
jzpfap? vlom;tm;vHk;udk ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vufcHonf/ urÇm 15;6 udkjyefíudk;um;onf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\
tbtmjA[HrSm ajzmifhrwfoltjzpf rSwf,lcH&oljzpfonf/ (urÇm 15)¤if;rSm arma½S\ynwådusrf;rwdkifrDESifh
(ti,f 13)olta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rcHrDujzpfonf/ (urÇm 17)
152
4;10-11 ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfrI\wHqdyfjzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;trSwftom;udk
cH,lcJh\/}}tmjA[Honf ac:zdwfjcif;ESifh ajzmifhrwfoltjzpfrSwf,ljcif;cHNyD; aemufü? bk&m;ocifonf y#dnOf
w&m;\trSwftom;jzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkay;onf/ (urÇm 17;9-14)/ ygvufpwdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;rSty
usefa½S;a[mif;ta½SUtv,fydkif;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk;wdkU ta&zsm;vSD;Muonf/ ygvufpwdkif; vlrsKd;wdkUrSmrl
at*sifyifv,f½Sd uRef;pkrsm;rS aygufzGm;vmcJhMuNyD;? ¤if;wdkU\rlvblwrSm *&djzpfonf/ olwdkUtwGuf ta&
zsm;vSD;jcif;[lonf uav;t½G,frS vlBuD;b0odkU ul;ajrmufjcif;\yGJwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ *sL;wdkUtwGufrSmrl
y#dnOfcHtzGJU0ifjzpfjcif;\ bmoma&;trSwftom;wpf&yfjzpfum? arG;zGm;NyD; ½Spf&ufajrmufaomaeUü jyKvkyf
onf/
þtcef;i,fü ]]trSwftom;}}(sign)ESifh ]]wHqdyf}}(seal)ESpfrsKd;vHk;oHk;NyD;? ESpfckpvHk;onf tmjA[H\
,HkMunfjcif;udknTef;qdkonf/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;[lonf bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfrIudk usihfoHk;oltm; jrifEkdif
aomtrSwftom;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}qdkonfh GENITIVEpum;pkudk ti,f
13ü oHk;BudrfoHk;cgjyefoHk;onf/ oefU½Sif;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefoltjzpf aMumjimorkwfcH&&ef
aomhcsufrSm ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
4;11 ]]...ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHbJ? ,HkMunfolwdkY....tm;vHk;\tbjzpfapjcif;iSg}}? a&mrMo0g'pmudk
*vmwdMo0g'pma&;NyD;aemuf a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ *sL;rsm;rnfonfht&mudktm;udk;aMumif; aygvkaumif;pGm
od½Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm olwdkU\rsKd;½kd;(róJ 3;9/ a,m[ef 8;33? 37? 39)ESifh arma½S\y#dnOfw&m;tm; t"dyÜg,f
zGifhqdkum vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ (EIwftm;jzifh vufqifhurf;aom xHk;wrf;pOfvm odkUr[kwf a½S;a[mif;vlwdkU
\xHk;wrf;pOfvmjzpfNyD;aemufydkif;ü pmaytu©&mwif a&;om;jyKpkum Talmud usrf;[kac:onf)/ odkUjzpfí
tm;udk;&mjyKjcif;jzifh (by faith),HkMunfrIjyKol (believe)wdkif;\Oyrmtjzpf tmjA[Hudk aygvktoHk;jyKazmfjy
onf/ (olonf ta&zsm;vDS;jcif;r½Sdaomfvnf; ,HkMunftm;xm;jcif;jyK olwpfyg;trsKd;om;wdkU\tbjzpf
onf/ 2;28-29/ *vmwd 3;29)/
 ]]wHqdyf}}/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ wHqdyf
wHqdyf[lonf a½S;acwfumvü wpHkw&mtm; azmfjyjcif;enf;wpfrsKd;jzpfEkdifonf/
1/ or®mw&m; (a,m 3;33)
2/ ydkifqdkifrI (a,m 6;27/ 2wd 2;19/ Asm 7;2-3)
3/ vHkjcHKrI (0g)umuG,frI (urÇm 4;15/ róJ 27;66/ a&m 15;28/ 2aum 1;22/ {zuf 1;13/ 4;30)/
4/ bk&m;ocifuwday;onfh vufaqmif\ppfrSefrItm;jyonfh trSwftom;wpfckvnf;jzpfEkdifonf/
(a&m 4;11/ 1aum 9;2)
þwHqdyf\&nf½G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;onf trsufawmfrcH&ap&ef olwdkUtm; trSwftom;
jyKbdkUjzpfonf/ pmwef\wHqdyfonf bk&m;ociftrsufawmfxGuf&jcif;taMumif;jzpfaom pmwef\vlrsm;udk
azmfjyonf/ Asm'dwfusrf;ü ]]qif;&J'ku©}}tribulation (thlipsis)onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udkn§Of;qJaom r,HkMunf
olrsm;udkajymjcif;jzpfavh½Sd&m? trsufawmf (orgē or thumos)onf r,HkMunfolrsm; tjypfudk aemifw&um?
c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfvmMuapa&;twGuf olwdkYay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;tm; ajymavh½Sdonf/ tjyK
153
oabmjzpfaom þw&m;pD&ifrI\&nf½G,fcsuftm; usdefqJjcif;ESifhaumif;csD;r*Fvmqdkif&m y#dnOfw&m;wGif
w&m;a[m&musrf;' 27-28 üawGU&onf/
4;12 ]]ajcvSrf;rsm;twdkif; vdkufavQmuf}}¤if;rSm ppfwyfoHk;a0g[m& (stoicheŌ)jzpfNyD; ppfom;rsm;
a½SUaemufwpfwef;wnf; csDwufoGm;jcif;twGufoHk;onf/ (wref 21;24/ *v 5;25/ 6;16/ zd 3;16) þ
ti,fü aygvkonf ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm; (ta&zsm;vSD;olrsm;\tb)udkajymonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh ol\uwd
awmfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;udk usifhoHk;olwdkif;twGuf tmjA[HrSmtbjzpfonf/
þ'kwd,tjrifjzpfonfh (]]ajcvSrf;rsm;twdkif;vdkuf}})onf[kqdk&mü the (tois) ESpfvHk;oHk;jcif;aMumifh
wpfcg,HkMunfvdkufjcif;rsKd;tm; ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH(PRESENT
MIDDLE) [deponent] PARTICIPLE oabmudk xyfqifhvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf qHk;jzwfcsuf
wpfckcs vdkuf½kH(0g)pdwfq´tm;jzifh pwifvIyf½Sm;rIjyK½kHrQomr[kwfbJ? qufvufjzpfay:aeaomawmfpyfrI?
qufpyfrI½Sd aejcif;jzpfonf/
/ 4;13-15
13
taMumif;rlum; þavmutm; tarGqufcHoljzpfaprnf[laomuwdawmfudk tmjA[H odkUr[kwf
ol\tquftEG,frsm;onf ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh &Muonfr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;\ajzmifhrwfjcif;
tm;jzifh&Mu\/ 14taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;ESihfqdkifaomolwdkUonf tarGcHMuonfqdkvQif ,HkMunf
jcif;w&m;udk tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapum? uwdawmfudkvnf; y,fzsufcHaponf/ 15ynwfw&m;awmfonf
trsufa'gojzpfapaomfvnf;? ynwfcsufr½Sdygu? vGefusL;jcif;[lívnf;r½Sdacs/
4;13 ]]uwdawmfudk tmjA[H odk Ur[kwf ol\tquftEG,frsm;onf}}bk&m;ocifonf ]]jynfawmfESifh
tquftEG,f}}tm; tmjA[Hudk uwday;cJhonf/ (urÇm 12;1-3/ 15;1-6/ 17;1-8/ 22;17-18) "r®a[mif;
onf jynfawmf(ygvufpwdkif;)udk t"dutajcjyKaomfvnf; "r®opfrlum;]]tquftEG,f}}udk t"duxm;onf
(ar½Sd,t½Sifa,½I/ *vm 3;16? 19)odkUaomf þae&mü ]]tquftEG,f}}onf ,HkMunfjcif;vlrsm;tm; nTef;yg
onf/(*vm 3;29)/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;\ ,HkMunfudk;pm;rItajccHjzpfonf/
(*vm 3;14? 17? 18? 19? 21? 22? 29/ 4;28/ a[NAJ 5;13-18)/
 ]]þavmutm; tarGqufcHoljzpfaprnf[laom}}wpfavmuvHk;tm; azmfjyajymqdkrIonf tvGef
t"dyÜg,fay:vGifvSaMumif; jyqdkaomusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm urÇm 12;3/ 18;18/ 22;18 ESifh xGuf? 19;5-6 wdkUjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;zdwfac:&ef tmjA[Hudkzdwfac:onf/ (urÇm 1;26-27/ 3;15)
tmjA[HESifh olUtquftEG,frsm;rSm wpfurÇmvHk;odkU zGifhjyawmfrljcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfap&efwnf;/ ¤if;rSm
urÇmajray:u bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (róJ 6;10)
 ]]ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh &Muonfr[kwfbJ}}/ arma½S\ynwådusrf;ray;&ao;acs/ *&drl&if;\0gusü þ
pum;pkudk yxrxm;um? ¤if;\ta&;ygyHkudkjyoonf/ vl\tm;xkwfrIESifh aus;Zl;awmfw&m;wdkU\ uGJjym;
jcm;em;rItm; tav;teufjyK&ef þtcsufrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/(3;21-31)/ aus;Zl;awmfonf ysufjy,f
oGm;cJhNyD;jzpfaomynwfw&m;awmfudk u,fwifjcif;twGuf vrf;jzpfoGm;aponf/ (a[NAJ 8;7?13)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / arma½S\ynwådusrf;tay: aygvk\tjrif 13;9 üMunfhyg/
154
4;14 ]]vQif}}¤if;onf pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif;jzpfonfh yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg 0gus
rsKd;odkUr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;rItwGuf þtHh
tm;oifhp&majymqdkrIudk toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm w&m;a[mjcif; twwfynmt& rdrdtav;teufjyKvdk
aomtcsuftwGuf toHk;jyKonfh yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;twGuf Oyrmaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/
olonf þtqdkudk trSef[kr,HkMunfaomfvnf; ¤if;\rrSefuefrIay:vGifvmap&ef xdkodkUajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf/
(i,f 2)
jrifEdkifaomta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;ydkif½Sif*sL;rsKd;EG,frsm;onf avmutm; tarGqufcHrnfholrsm;
r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifh EIwfuywfawmfü ,HkMunfjcif;tm; usifhoHk;olwdkUuomvQif urÇmudk
tarGqufcHMurnfholrsm;jzpfonf/ (2;28-29)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;udk tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapum}}
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm y,fjcif;cH&onf}}
]]vl\,HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm bmrQr[kwf[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf}}
]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm tcsuftvufrJhjzpfoGm;onf}}
¤if;onf kenoŌ \PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? tajcusaeaom tajctaewpf&yftm;
tav;teufjyKonfh *&dBud,mwpfckjzpfum]]AvmjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]tajccHtkwfjrpfrJhjzpfaMumif; jyoonf}}
[lít"dyÜg,f½SdNyD;]]rSm;,Gif;}}onf[líyifqdkvdkonf/(1aum 1;17)/þa0g[m&udkyif aygvkonf 1aum 1;17/
9;15/ 2aum 9;3 ESifh zd 2;7 wdkUüoHk;onf/

NASB
NKJV
NJB
]]uwdawmfudkvnf; y,fzsufcHaponf}}
]]uwdawmfudk tcsnf; ESD;jzpfoGm;aponf}}
]]uwdawmfrSm wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;onf}}
¤if;onfvnf; PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; tajcusaomtajctaewpf&yftm; tav;teuf
jyKonfh jyif;xefaom*&dBud,mwpfckjzpfonf/ ]]AvmjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]zsufodrf;onf}} ]]qHk;cef;wdkifaponf}}
[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonfhjyif ]]zsufqD;onf(0g)tpazsmufypfvdkufonf}}[líyif qdkvdkonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m
&udkyif a&mr 3;3? 31/ 6;6/ 7;2? 6/ 1aum 2;6/ 13;8/ 15;24? 26/ 2aum 3;7/ *vm 5;4/ 2ouf 2;8
wdkUüvnf;oHk;onf/ þtydk'fi,füay:vGifaom tvm;wloabmwpfck½Sdonf/ u,fwifjcif;enf;vrf;ESpfck½Sd
onfr[kwfacs/ aus;Zl;awmf\y#dnOfw&m;topfonf tusifh(work-vkyfaqmifrI)ESifhqkdifaom y#dnOfw&m;
ta[mif;ukdy,fzsufí tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;aponf! txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ y,fjyufqdwfokOf;oGm;apjcif;
tm; 3;3 üMunfhyg/
4;15 ]]ynwfw&m;awmf...ynwfcsuf}}þa0g[m&tm; yxroHk;&mü (the)yg½SdNyD;? 'kwd,ajrmufoHk;&mü
ryg½Sdacs/ *&drl&if;ü(the)yg½Sdjcif;? ryg½Sdjcif;tm; tm½kHpdkufvGef;jcif;rSm tEÅ&m,f½SdonfrSefaomfvnf; þudpöü
aygvkonf þa0g[m&tm; t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzpf oHk;aejcif;jzpfaMumif; ay:vGifap&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfEdkifygonf/
1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUu,fwifjcif;&a&;twGuf tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKaeMuonfh arma½S\ynwåd
usrf;ESifh ¤if;\EIwfyg;pyftm;jzifh vufqifhurf;aomxHk;wrf;pOfvm
155
2/ ynwfcsufqdkif&m a,bk,st,ltq
ydkíus,fjyefUaom þ'kwd,t"dyÜg,faumuf,lrIü wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\Zmwdajzmifhrwfjcif;yg0ifonf/
¤if;rSm udk,fusifhw&m;(0g) bmoma&;yGJvrf;obifqdkif&m rdrdwdkU\½dk;&mOya'toD;oD;jzpfNyD;? ewfbk&m;rsm;
onf rdrdwdkU\tqdkygvkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk tajcjyKumrdrdwdkYtm; vufoifhcHjcif;jyKonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
 ]]ynwfw&m;awmfonf trsufa'gojzpfap...}}¤if;rSm xdwfvefUbG,f&majymqdkrIjzpfonf/ (3;20/ *v
3;10-13/ aum 2;14)/arma½S\ynwådusrf;rSm u,fwifjcif;&apaom vrf;wpfvrf;jzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,fr½Sd
cJhbl;acs/ (*vm 3;23-29)/ ¤if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd; rnfolrqdk(odkUr[kwf enf;Oya'oorm;rsm;)twGuf em;vnf
oabmayguf&ef(0g)vufcH&ef tvGefcufcJaomor®mw&m;jzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;rSm aygvkjyKaomajymqdkrI\
tajccHtcsufjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 13;9 üMunfhyg/
 ]]odkUaomf ynwfcsufr½Sdygu? vGefusL;jcif;[lívnf;r½Sdacs/}}bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wdkUtm; rdrdwdkU
&½Sdonfhtvif;w&m;tay: wm0ef½Sdonf[k oabmxm;onf/ wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkUrMum;cJhbl;
aom arma½S\ynwådusrf;tm;jzifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyrI
tay: olwdkUü wm0ef½Sdonf/ (1;19-20/ 2;14-15)
aygvk\usKd;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rIü þor®mw&m;onf aemufwpfqifh ajcvSrf;wpfckvSrf;vdkufjcif;jzpf
onf/ arma½S\ynwådusrf;onf bk&m;ociftm; ½Sif;vif;pGm zGifhjyjcif;rjyKrDumvü udk,fawmfonf vlom;
rsm;\usL;vGefrIrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;wifjcif;rjyKacs/ (3;20? 25/ 4;15/ 5;13? 20/ 7;5? 7-8/ wref 14;16/
17;30/ 1aum 15;56)/
16
xdktaMumif;aMumifh uwdawmftm; ynwfw&m;awmfESifhqdkifaom trsKd;udkomru? tmjA[H\
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaomol tm;vHk;wdkUudkvnf; ay;oem;awmfrlap&eftvdkUiSg? aus;Zl;awmfESifh
tnDjzpfapa&;twGuf? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sd\/ 17xdktmjA[Hum;(igonf oifhudk
vlrsKd;trsm;wdkU\tbjzpfapNyD[k usrf;pmvmonfESihft nD) aovGefNyD;aomolwdkUudk touf½Sifap
awmfrlxaom? rwnfr½Sdaomt&mudk wnfaeonf? ½Sdaeonf[kqdkbdol? rdrd,HkMunfaom
18
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü igwdkUtm;vHk;\tbjzpfownf;/ ]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkUjzpf
vdrfhrnf[k ajymcJhNyD;onfhtwdkif;? olonf vlr sKd;trsm;wdkU\tbjzpfEkdif&ef ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefUusif
19
bufjzpfaeaomfvnf;? olonfarQmfvifhvsuf ,HkMunf\/ rdrdtoufonf tESpfwpf&mavmuf½Sd
ojzifh rdrdukd,fonf aoNyD;ouJhodkUjzpfaMumif;ESifh? pm&m\0rf;onfaoaeaMumif;tm; qifjcifum
20
,HkMunftm;enf;jcif;uif;\/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudkav;pm;vsuf? r,HkMunfrIjzifh ,drf;,dkif
raebJ? bk&m;ocifukdcsD;rGrf;vsuf? ,HkMunfjcif;ü ydkícdkifrmvmum 21bk&m;ocifonf rdrduwdjyK
onfht&mtm; aqmif½GufwwfpGrf; Ekdifonf[k tjynfht0pdwfcsvsuf½Sd\/ 22xdkUaMumifh ¤if;udkyif
ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwfawmfrl\/ 23ol\tqdkyg ,HkMunfjcif;tm; ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf
24
rSwfawmfrlonf[k usrf;pmüa&;xm;jcif;rSm olUtusKd;twGufomr[kwfbJ igwdkU\ t½Si fa,½Itm;
aojcif;rS xapawmfrloltm; ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf þ,HkMunfjcif;udkyif ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf
rSwfay;rnftaMumif;? igwdkUtusKd;twGufvnf; a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ 25xdkt½Si fonf igwdkU\vGef
usL;jcif;rsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum? igwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sd&ef xawmfrlapjcif;cH&\/
156
4;16 ¤if;onf ti,f 14 rS aygvk\tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;rItm; vSypGmtusOf;csKHUjcif; wpfckjzpf
onf/
1/ vlom;rsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkUjyefrIjyKMu&rnf
2/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;uwdawmf
3/ xdkuwdawmfonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm; usifhoHk;olrsm;jzpfonfh tmjA[H\tquftEG,frsm;
tm;vHk; (*sL;ESifhwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;)twGuf aocsmonf/
4/ tmjA[Honf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;ESifhpyfqdkifoltm;vHk;twGuf Oyrmjzpfonf/

NRSB, NRSV
TEV, NIV
NKJV
REB
NET
]]ay;oem;awmfrljcif; cH&onf}}
]]pdwfcs&onf}}
]]w&m;0ifonf}}
]]aocsmonf}}
atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ tmrcHonf
¤if;rSm *&da0g[m& bebaios jzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,fyGg;oHk;rsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ pdwfcs&aom? aocsmaom(0g)rSDcdkí&aom (a&mr 4;16/ 2aum 1;7/ a[NAJ 2;20/ 3;6? 14/ 6;19/
2ay 1;10? 19)
2/ wpHkw&m\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItm; jyoaom(0g)wnfaqmufaomvkyfenf;vkyfxHk; (a&mr 15;8/
a[NAJ 2;2/ Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, Vol. 1, pp. 340,
377, 670 )
3/ yk&ydkufpmayrsm;ü ¤if;onf w&m;Oya'qdkif&m tmrcHay;jcif;twGuf oHk;aomenf;ynmoHk;
a0g[m&jzpfvmonf/ (Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament,
pp.107-8 )
¤if;onf ti,f 14 \qefUusifbufpum;jzpfayrnf/ bk&m;ocifay;aomuwdawmfrsm;udk pdwfcs&yg
onf/
 ]]tm;vHk;...tm;vHk;}}¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkUudk &nfnTef;onf(*sL;vlrsKd;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;)
4;17-23 aygvkonf tmjA[Htm; OD;pm;ay;tcsuf ESpfcsuftm;azmfjy&ef aemufwzeftoHk;jyKonf/ (1)
bk&m;ocifonf aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh tpjyKuwdawmfay;jcif;(y#dnmOfw&m;)ESifh (2) vlonf ,HkMunfjcif;
tm;jzifh tpjyKwHkUjyefrIjyK&efESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufvufwHkUjyef&efvdktyfonf/ (1;5 \rSwfcsuf?
y#dnmOfw&m;ü Munfhyg/) y#dnmOfw&m;ü ESpfOD;ESpfzufvkyfaqmifrI yg0ifavh½Sdonf/
4;17 ]]vlrsKd;trsm;wdkU\tb....usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD}}¤if;onfurÇm 17;5 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/
*&d"r®a[mif;(LXX)ü ]]wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;}}(Gentiles)[kyg½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[H\tquft
EG,frsm;omrubJ? tm'H\tquftEG,ftm;vHk;a½G;EIwf&ef tvdkawmf½Sdaeusjzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15)tmjAH
(Abram)\emrnfopfrSm tmjA[H(Abraham)jzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm]]vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkU\tb}}[líjzpfonf/
157
¤if;wGif udk,fcE¨mtquftEG,frsm;udkomrubJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tquftEG,frsm;yg0ifaMumif; ,cktcguRef
awmfwdkYod½SdMu\/
 ]]aovGefNyD;aomolwdkYudk touf½Sifapawmfrlxaom}}usrf;pum;tquftpyft& ¤if;onf tmjA[H
ESihfpm&m wdkU\ umrpGrf;tm; topfjyefvnfarG;zGm;jcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 19)
 ]]rwnfr½Sdaomt&mudk wnfaeonf? ½Sdaeonf[kqdkbdol}}usrf;pum;tquftpyftaMumif;oabm
t& ¤if;onf pm&mu£Zuftm; udk,f0efaqmifjcif;udk&nfnTef;aomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif;onf tjrwfqHk;jzwf
aomt&mjzpfjcif;oabmudkyg nTef;qdkonf/ (a[NAJ 11;1)
4;18
NASB
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]arQmfvifh&ef qefUusifbufjzpfaeaomolonf? ajrmfvifhvsuf,HkMunfonf}}
]]ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefUusifum arQmfvifh&if; olonf,HkMunf\}}
]]tmjA[Honf arQmfvifhae&ef taMumif;r½Sdonfhtcgüyif ,HkMunfum? arQmfvifhonf}}
]]ajrmfvifhjcif;r½SdouJhodkUjzpfaomfvnf;? olonf arQmfvifhum,HkMunfonf}}
]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}taMumif;txl;taMumif;t&mudk 12;12 üawGU&onf/ þa0g[m&onf ta½SUtv,f
ydkif;bmom&yfqdkif&m us,fjyefUaomoabm½Sdonf/ Harold K.Moulton, The Analytical Greek Lexion
Revised, p.133 üoHk;EIef;yHk tcsKdUay;xm;onf/
1/
2/
3
4/
5/
ajrmfvifhjcif;\tajccHt"dyÜg,f (a&mr 5;4/ wref 24;15)
ajrmfvifhjcif;\taMumif;w&m;(a&mr8;24/*vm5;5)
ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jyKpkol(0g)rlv&if;jrpf(aum1;27/1wd1;1)
tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;? ,HkMunfpdwfcsjcif; (1ay 1;21)
tmrcHjzifhvHkjcHKrI (wref 2;26/ a&mr 8;20)
þtydkif;ü ajrmfvifhjcif;udk uGJjym;aomt"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/ vlom;\pGrf;tm;ESifh wefcdk;ü
ajrmfvifhrIrSm (i,f 19-21) bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh NydKifbufjzpfonf/ (i,f 17)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkYjzpfvdrfhrnf[k}}
]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkYrsm;jym;vdrfhrnf[k}}
]]oif\tquftEG,frsm; rsm;jym;vdrfhrnf}}
]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm;onf Mu,frsm;uJhodkYrsm;jym;vdrfhrnf}}
¤if;udk om;a,musfm;wpfa,muf (xGef;um;rnftaMumif; tmjA[Htm;ay;onfh uwdawmf\aocsmrI
tm; tav;teufjyKonfh urÇm 15;5 rSudk;um;onf)/(i,f 19-22)/ £Zuftm; atmufygtaMumif;t&m
wdkYjzpfysufNyD;aemufü arG;zGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; odxm;yg/
1/
2/
uwdawmfay;NyD;wq,fhoHk;ESpfjynfhNyD;aemuf
tmjA[Honf pm&mtm; prf;oyfNyD;aemuf (ESpfcgjzpfonf/ urÇm 12;10-19/ 20;17)
158
3/
4/
tmjA[Honf pm&m\tapcH tD*spftrsKd;orD;[m*&ESifh om;a,musfm;wpfa,muf&NyD;aemuf
(urÇm 16;1-16)
pm&mESifh(urÇm 18;12)tmjA[HESpfa,mufpvHk;wdkYonf (urÇm 17;17)xdkuwdawmftm; &,fcJh
MuNyD;aemuf? tmjA[HESifhpm&mESpfa,mufpvHk;ü pHkvifjynfh0aom ,HkMunfjcif;½SdcJhMuonf
r[kwfacs/ u,fwifjcif;onf pHkvifjynfh0aom,HkMunfjcif;ukdrawmif;qdkbJ? rSefuefaom
taMumif;w&m;udk ("r®a[mif;ü bk&m;ocifESifh "r®opfü om;awmftm;)omvQif awmif;qdkae
jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifvSyg\/
4;19 ]]qifjcifum}}þbmomjyefcsufonf MSS Aleph, A, B, Cudkvdkufonf/ odkUaomf tcsKdUa½S;a[mif;
vufa&;pmrlpmvHk; BuD;rsm;onf tjiif;oabmtjzpf toHk;jyKaom(ou)udk aygif;xnfhonf/ D, F, G.
UBS4onf (]]C }}tqifhxm;vsuf) qHk;jzwfcsufrcsEkdifaomfvnf; ydkrdkwdkawmif;aomrl&if;pmukd yHkESdyfonf/
NET bmomjyefusrf;onfvnf; ydkrdkwdkawmif;aomrl&if;pmudk axmufcHonf/
4;20 tpydkif;ü tmjA[Honf xdkom;rSm pm&mrS arG;zGm;vdrfhrnfqdkaom uwdawmfudk aumif;pGmem;rvnfcJh
acs/ tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;udkvufcHum? ¤if;tm;jzifhjyKrljcif;rSm udk,fawmfonf rpHkvifrjynfh0ol vlom;rsm;
udkcspfawmfrlaomaMumifhwnf;/
 ]]r,HkMunfrIjzihf ,drf;,dkifraebJ}}þBud,mjzpfonfh diakrinŌ udk a,½Iu róJ 21;21/ rmuk 11;23
wdkUüoHk;onf/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifajymonfhpum;(uwdawmf)tm; ar;cGef;xkwf&ef taMumif;&if;rsm;
½Sdaeaomfvnf;? (i,f 19) olonf xdkodkYjyK&rnfhtpm; ydkípGrf;tm;aumif;vmonf/
ti,f 20½Sd Bud,mESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ jyKvkyfol uHyk'frSm
bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;? tjyKcHBud,m PASSIVE ujyoaomfvnf; tm;jA[Honf wefcdk;awmftm; rdrdudkcGeftm;
jynhfap &ef cGifhjyKbdkY (y#dnmOfjyKjcif;)vdktyfonf!
 ]]bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;vsuf}}txl;taMumif;t&m 3;23 üMunfhyg/
4;21
NASB
NKJV, NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]tjynfht0 pdwfcsvsuf½Sd\/}}
]]tjynfht0 oabmaygufvsuf½Sd\/}}
]]vHk;0pdwfcsvsuf½Sd\/}}
]]tjynfht0oabmayguf\/}}
¤if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICLE jzpfNyD;? wpfpHkwpf&m(vk 1;1/ aum 4;12)odkUr[kwf wpfpHk
wpfa,muf (a&mr 4;21/ 14;5)taMumif;tm; tjynfht0pdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;udkjyonf/ ¤if;pum;vHk;\emrfyk'ftm;
tjynfht0pdwfcsjcif;twGuf aum 2;2 ESifh 1ouf 1;5wdkUüoHk;onf/ bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf? EIwfuywfawmf
ESihfwefcdk;awmfwdkUtm; pdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;onf vlom;rsm;tm; vufawGUvkyfaqmif&ef wwfpGrf;aponf/
]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrduwdjyKonfht&mtm;aqmif½Guf&ef wwfpGrf;Ekdifonf}}/¤if;onf PERFECT
MIDDLE (oufaoxGufqdkcsuf)jzpfNyD; twdwfumvu jyKcJhaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck NyD;pD;oGm;cJhum? wnf½Sdae
onf[kqdkvdkonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;\tESpfom&rSm bk&m;ocif\p½kdufawmfESifhuwdawmfrsm;udk wpfa,mufaom
159
olu tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzpf (16;25/ {zuf 3;20/ ,k' 24)um? vlom;\vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfacs/
,HkMunfjcif;onf uwday;olbk&m;½Sifawmfudk udk;pm;jcif;jyKonf/ (a[½Sm 55;11)
4;22 ¤if;onf urÇm 15;6 (i,f 3)tm; t&dyft>rufazmfjyjcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocifonf tjypf½Sdolvlom;rsm;
tm; rdrd\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk rnfuJhodkUay;aMumif; aygvk\tusKd;oifh?taMumif;oihf azmfjyaqG;aEG;rI\ "r®o
abmw&m;qdkif&maomhcsufjzpfonf/
4;23-25 þtcef;i,frsm;onf *&drl&if;ü 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ tqifhqifhjzpfaeyHkudk odrSwfxm;yg/
1/
tmjA[H\tusKd;twGuf (i,f 23)
2/
,HkMunfoltm;vHk;\tusKd;twGuf (i,f 24)
3/
bk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm; xapjcif;jzifh (i,f 24)
4/
a,½Ionf igwdkUtjypfaMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum(a,m
twGuf (ajzmifhrwfapjcif;)xajrmufapjcif;cH&onf/ i,f 25/
3;16)igwdkU\tjypfrsm;vTwfap&ef
4;24 tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;onf ol\ppfrSefaomtquftEG,frsm;tm;vHk;vdkufem&ef yHkpHjzpfvmonf/
tmjA[Honf om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh tquftEG,ftm; uwday;jcif;tay: bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfcJh
onf/(txl;taMumif;t&m 4;5 üMunfhyg)/ usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tay: bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf tm;vHk;
wdkU\jynfhpHkjcif;rSm ar½Sd,a,½IjzpfaMumif; y#dnOfw&m;opf,HkMunfolrsm; ,HkMunfMuonf/
om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;[laompum;ESpfvHk;wdkUrSm]]seed}}rSqif;oufvmNyD; tenf;jy
udef;ESifh trsm;jyudef;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGuf oHk;jcif;jzpfonf/
 xonf? xapjcif;cH&onf (raised )twGuf 8;11 üMunfhyg/
4;25 ]]igwdkU\vGefusL;jcif;rsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum}}¤if;rSm w&m;Oya'a0g[m&jzpfNyD;]]wpfa,muf
aomoltm; jypf'PfcH&eftyfESHonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ti,f 25onf *&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf;(LXX)
\ a[½Sm 53;11-12tm;ay:vGifaponfhc&pfawmftaMumif; tHhMobG,f&mazmfjyrIwpfckjzpf onf/
 ]]igwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;&½Sd&ef xawmfrlapjcif;cH&\/}} ti,f 25 u 0gustydkif;ESpfydkif;pvHk;
tNydKifjzpfaeaomfvnf; (0dbwfwpfrsKd;wnf;jzpfNyD; ESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf) ¤if;rSm
"r®oabmw&m;twGufr[kwfbJ? pma&;[efoufoufjzpfonf/ (5;9-10/ 2aum 13;4)/ Frank Stagg \
bmomjyefrIü(New Testament Theology, p.97)]]igwdkU\vGefusL;rIrsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum? igwdkUonf
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;cHolrsm;jzpfap&ef [laomtjrifjzifh xapjcif;cH&onf}}[kqdk&m tvGefqDavsmfonf/ þbm
omjyefcsufü ajzmifhrwfaponf-justify [laompum;vHk;tm; aygvkoHk;jcif;\tjrifESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh (1)w&m;
½kH;awmfÔya'ydkif;qdkif&m&yfwnfrIESihf (2) c&pfawmfESihfwlaom b0toufwm ESpfrsKd;pvHk;yg0ifonf/ 1;17
\txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
a,½I\jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;onf aygvktwGuf "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m or®mw&m;\A[dkcsufrjzpf
onf/ (1;3-4/ 4;24-25/ 6;4? 9/ 7;4/ 8;11? 34/ 10;9; 1aum 6;14/ 15;3-11? 20-23/ 2aum 1;9/
4;14/ 5;15/ 13;4/ *vm 1;1/ {zuf 2;20/ aum 2;12/ 1ouf 1;10/ 2wd 2;8)/ ocsKØif;*lrSm vGwfvsuf½Sd
aeonf odkUr[kwf c&pf,mefrSm vdrfnmrIBuD;wpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf[lí wpfckckjzpf&ayrnf/ (1aum
15;12-19)!
160
þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pm
tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sd
xm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh
oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;
a&;om;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\ þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;
tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/
1/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ þtydkif;onf tb,faMumifh tvGefta&;BuD;&oenf;?
2/ aygvkonf tmjA[HESifh 'g0d'fwdkYtm; Oyrmrsm;tjzpf tb,faMumifhoHk;oenf;?
3/ atmufygaomhcsufpum;vHk;rsm;udk aygvk\oHk;EIef;yHktwdkif; (oif\t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufr[kwf)
t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufay;yg/
(u) ajzmifhrwfjcif; - righteousness
(c) rSwf,lonf - reckoned
(*) ,HkMunfjcif; - faith
(C) uwdawmf - promise
4/
*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf tb,faMumifhtvGefta&;BuD;oenf;?(i,f 912)
5/
ti,f 13 ESifh 16 wdkUü ]]trsKd;tEG,f}}[k qdk&mwGif rnfolUudk &nfnTef;oenf;?
161
a&mr 5
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\pmydk'fcGJrsm;
UBS4
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
\&v'frsm;
NKJV
TEV
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\
tusKd;qufrsm;
bk&m;ESifhrSefuef
jcif;
5;1-5
5;1-5
5;6-11
5;6-11
5;6-11
tm'HESifhc&pf
tm'Hüaojcif;
tm'HESifhc&pfawmf
tm'HESifhc&pfawmf
awmf
c&pfawmfütouf½Sifjcif;
qifwlrIESifhjcm;em;rI
5;12-14
5;12-21
5;12-14
5;1-11
,HkMunfjcif;onf
'ku©cH&müatmifjrif
NRSV
5;1-5
NJB
,HkMunfjcif;
onfu,fwif
jcif;udktmrcH
5;1-11
igwdkUae&mudkc&pfawmf,l
tm'HESihfa,½I
c&pfawmf
5;12-14
5;12-14
5;14-17
5;15-21
5;15-17
5;15-21
5;18-21
5;18-19
5;20-21
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm-8
xi
Munfh)
rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
r[kwfacs/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
162
4/ ... pojzifh
usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ *&drl&if;ü ti,f 1-11rSm 0guswpfckjzpfonf/ ]]aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh ajzmifhrwf
apjcif;}}[laom aygvkt,l0g'\tcsuftjcmudk þtcef;i,frsm;u ay:vGifaponf/ (3;21- 4;25)
c/ ti,f 1-11 udk atmufygtwdkif; tusOf;csKHUEkdifonf
ti,f 1-5
ti,f 6-8
ti,f 9-11
1/ u,fwifjcif;\tusKd;aus;Zl;
1/ u,fwifjcif;twGuftajccH
2/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\ pdwfydkif;
qdkif&mtawGUtMuHK
3/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
4/ vlom;taMumif; avhvmrI
2/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;tm; jrif&yHk
3/ wdk;wufjzpfay:aomajzmifhrwfapjcif;
4/ bk&m;taMumif; avhvmrI
*/
1/ aocsmaomtem*wfu,f
wifjcif;
2/aocsmaomtem*wf
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
3/ bkef;wefcdk;cHpm;jcif;
4/ tem*wfü jzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;
ti,f 12-21onf a,½Itm; 'kwd,tm'Htjzpf aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 15;21-22? 45-49/ zd
2;6-8)¤if;onf vlyk*¾dKvftvdkuf tjypfESifhwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaom tjypf½Sdjcif;qdkif&m "r®oabm
w&m;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ tm'HtxJ vlom;usqif;jcif;(ESifhzefqif;jcif;)tm; aygvky:vGifap
yHkrSm xl;jcm;vSNyD; *sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;ESihfuGJjym;onf/ (olwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\tjypfqdkif&mMo0g'udk
urÇmOD; 6 rS,lMuonf)/ odkUaomf ol\wpkwaygif;wnf;tjrifrSm &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\oGefoifrIESifh
rsm;pGmwlonf/ aygvkonf a,½k½SvifNrdKUwGif *gravsvvufatmufü oifwef;wufpOf rdrdoifMum;
cJh&onfhor®mw&m;wdkUudk(wref 22;3) toHk;jyK&ef(0g)jznfhpGuf&eftwGuf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;rI
tm;jzifh wwfpGrf;EkdifyHkudkjyonf/
jyefvnfjyifqifaomacwfumv {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\tjypftaMumif; Mo0g'udk Mo*wfpwif;ESifh
uJvfAifwdkUu urÇmOD; 3 rS,lcJhMuonf/ ¤if;\tajccHtqdkrSm vlom;onf ADZtm;jzifh tjypfom;tjzpf
arG;zGm;vmonf(t<uif;rJhysufpD;jcif;)[laomtcsufjzpf\/ "r®a[mif;usrf; taxmuftxm;usrf;ydk'frsm;tjzpf
qm 51;5/ 58;3 ESifh a,mb 15;14/ 25;4 wdkUudk,lonf/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\a½G;cs,frIrsm;ESihf
rdrdwdkU\b0uHMur®mtwGuf ydkíwdk;íaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fusifhw&m;ESihf 0dnmOfa&;&mwdkYtm;jzifhvnf;
aumif; wm0ef½Sdonf[laom wvSnfh"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m&yfwnfcsufudk Pelagius ESifhArminius wdkUu
azmfaqmifcJhMuonf/ olwdkU\tjriftwGuf tcsKdUaomtaxmuftxm;wdkUrSm w&m;a[m 1;39/ a[½Sm 7;15
ESifh a,me 4;11/ a,m[ef 9;41/ 15;22? 24/ wref 17;30/ a&mr 4;15 wdkUjzpfonf/ "r®oabmw&m;
qdkif&m þ&yfwnfrI\t"dutcsufrSm uav;wdkUonf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mwm0ef½Sdonfh t½G,frwdkifrD
txd tjypfuif;Muonf[laom tcsufyifjzpfayvdrfhrnf/ (&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;twGuf ¤if;t½G,frSm a,musfm;u
av;rsm;ü 13 ESpfESifh rdef;uav;rsm;ü 12 ESpfjzpfonf)
arG;&mygtm;jzifh qdk;0g;rI0goemygvmjcif;ESifh udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m wm0ef½Sdaom touft½G,f
ESpfrsKd;vHk; rSefuefonf[laom pOf;pm;qifjcifonfh&yfwnfrIwpfck½Sdonf/ qdk;0g;jcif;onf wpfpkwpfaygif;
163
wnf;tm;jzifhomr[kwfbJ? yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;onf tjypfjyK&ef ydkíydkíqdk;0g;vmMujcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ (vl\
b0onf bk&m;ocifESifh ydkíydkí uGJuGmoGm;onf)/ þtaMumif;t&mrSm vlom;\qdk;,kwfrItaMumif;
r[kwfbJ (urÇm 6;5? 11-12? 13/ a&mr 3;9-18? 23) rnfonfhtcsdefu qdk;,kwfoenf;? arG;zGm;csdefüavm?
odkUwnf;r[kwf aemufydkif;toufwmüavm! qdkonfhtcsufjzpfonf/
C/ ti,f 12 taMumif; oDtdk&DtcsKdU½Sdygonf/
1/
vlom;tm;vHk;tjypfjyK&ef a½G;cs,fMuojzifh vlom;tm;vHk;aoqHk;onf/ (Pelagius)
2/
tm'H\tjypfonf zefqif;jcif;wpf&yfvHk;tm; ul;pufojzifh? tm;vHk;aoqHk;onf/ (18-19/
Augustine)
3/
trSeftm;jzifh ADZtjypfESifh qE´tavsmufjyKaom tjypfESpfrsKd;aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfEkdifygonf/
i/ ti,f 12 üponfh ]]onfenf;wl}}[laom EIdif;,SOfrIonf ti,f 18 txd rNyD;qHk;ao;acs/ ti,f
13-17 onf aygvk\pma&;[efjzpfaom Mum;n§yfcsufwpfckrsKd; oabmjzpfonf/
p/ aygvk\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; wifjyyHkudk owd&yg/ 1;18-8;39txdonf qufvufí tusKd;oifh
taMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;csufwpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf/ tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk aumif;rGefpGmteufjyefum?
wefbdk;xm;Ekdif&ef wpfckvHk;tm; jcHKíjrifwwf&ygrnf/
q/ rmwifvlomonf þtcef;BuD; 5 tm; ]]atmifyef;o&zlqGwfcl;aom þusrf;ydk'fESifh wef;wltjcm;
tcef;BuD;wpfck or®musrf;wpftkyfvHk;ü ½SdcsifrS½Sdayvdrfhrnf}}[lí ajymcJhbl;onf/
1
xdkUaMumifh igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&um? igwdkU\ocifa,½I c&pf
awmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESihf Nidrf;csrf;rI&Mu\/ 2igwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\&yfwnf&mjzpfaom þaus;Zl;
awmftxJodkU ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh pwif&jcif;tm; xdkt½Siftm;jzifh&½SdMuum? bk& m;ocif\bkef;wef
cdk;awmftm; arQmfvifhvsuf tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/ 3xdkrQomvQifr[kwf? 'ku©qif;&Jonf pGJNrJjcif;
4
jzpfyGg;apaMumif;od½Sdum? 'ku©qif;&JcH&müvnf; tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/ pGJNrJjcif;onf oufaocdkif
5
vHkaponf/ oufaockdifvHkjcif;onf ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfyGg;aponf/ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf pdwfy sufp&m
rjzpfapacs/ taMumif;rSm igwdkUudkay;aom oefU½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;
arwåmawmfudk igwdkU\pdwfESvHk;xJodkU oGef;avmif;awmfrlcJhNyD/
5;1]]xdkUaMumifh}}þpum;vHk;tm;jzifhtcsufjyavh½SdonfrSm
1/
þae&mtxd "r®oabmw&m;aqG;aEG;rItm; tusOf;csKHUjcif;
2/
"r®oabmw&m;wifjyrItm; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;
3/
topfaomor®mw&m;wpf&yftm; wifjyjcif;/ (5;1/ 8;1/ 12;1)
164
 ]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&onf}}¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICLEwpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunf
oludk ajzmifhrwfapcJhNyDjzpf\/ þtcsuftm; tav;teufjyKjcif;tjzpf *&d0guswGif a½SUydkif;üxm;onf/ (i,f
1-2)/ ¤if;ü tcsdefumvqdkif&m tpDtpOfwpfck ti,f 1-11 ü ½Sdae[efwlonf/
1/
i,f 1-5/ ,ckvuf½Sdü aus;Zl;awmfawGUMuHKcHpm;&yHk/
2/
i,f 6-8/ igwdkUtwGuf c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyf
3/
i,f 9-11/ tem*wftwGuf igwdkU\ajrmfvifhjcif;ESihf u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI
usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;tydkif;(c)\tusOf;csKHUüMunfhyg/
]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(dikaioŌ)[laom a0g[m&\"r®a[mif;aemufcHrSm ("r®opfusrf;a&;om; olrsm;onf
a[NAJvlrsKd;uJhodkUawG;NyD;? *&daeUpOfoHk;pum;jzifh a&;om;olrsm;jzpfonf)]]ajzmifhwef;aomtpGef;tem;}}odkYr
[kwf]]wdkif;wm&musLvHk;[líjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ociftaMumif; wifpm;azmfjy&mü oHk;aoma0g[m&jzpf
vmonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m//ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; 1;17 üMunfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\p½dkuf? oefU½Sif;jcif;
onfomvQif w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;\ pHjzpfayrnf/ (LXX \0wfjyK 24;22 ESifh"r®oabmw&m;t& róJ
5;48)/ a,½Ionf ,ZfaumiftjzpfESihf tpm;xdk;&mtjzpf taocHjcif;aMumifh(a[½Sm 53) ,HkMunfolrsm; onf
bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü w&m;Oya't& &yfwnf&mwpf&yf&½SdMuonf/ (5;2 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/)
,HkMunfolü tjypfuif;oGm;onf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,ckacwftac:jzifh vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;jcif;
rsKd;jzpfonf/ tjcm;aomyk*¾dKvfwpfpHkwpfa,mufonf jypf'Pfudkay;acsoGm;cJhíjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;21)/
,HkMunfolonf tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&NyD[k xkwfazmfaMumfjimjcif; cH&onf/ (i,f 9?10)
 ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}} ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifatmiftm; vufcH&mvufjzpfonf/
(i,f 2/ a&mr 4;1)/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf ,HkMunfol\ qufuyfrI(0g)qHk;jzwfrI\'D*&D (0g)twdkif;twmtm;
tajcrjyKbJ (róJ 17;20)bk&m;ocif\p½kdufESifh uwdawmfay:tajcjyKonf/({zuf 2;8-9)/ ]],HkMunfjcif;}}
[laom"r®a[mif;pum;vHk;onf rl&if;tm;jzifh wnfNidrfpGmrwfrwf&yfaeaom udk,faeudk,fxm;udk &nfnTef;
onf/ ¤if;onf vlwpfa,muf\opöm½SdrI? tm;xm;xdkufrIESifh ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItm; wifpm;azmfjy&efoHk;onfh
pum;vHk; jzpfvmonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf uRefawmfwdkU\opöm½SdrI(0g),HkMunfpdwfcs&rIudk tajcrjyKbJ?
bk&m;ocifudkom tajcjyKonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ,HkMunfjcif; 4;5 üMunfhyg/
 ]]Nidrf;csrf;rI&Mu\/}} uGJjym;jcm;em;aom *&dvufa&;rl&if;wpfck½Sdonf/ þBud,monf PRESENT
ACTIVE SUBJECTIVE (echomen, MSS a*, A, B*, C, D) odkUr[kwf PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
2
(echomen,MSS Aleph B , F, G)jzpfonf/ þuJhodkUaom o'´goabmt& t"dyÜg,f roJuGJrIrsm; ti,f 1? 2
ESifh 3 wdkUüvnf; awGU½Sd&onf/
1/
¤if;onfSUBJUNCTIVEac:pdwfqE´wpfck &nfnTef;rIjzpfygu ]]Nidrf;csrf;rItm; qufvufcHpm;
MuygpdkU}} odkUr[kwf]]Nidrf;csrf;rI&½Sdjcif;tm; xdef;xm;MuygpdkU}}[lí bmomjyef &vdrfhrnf/
2/
tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyrIjzpfonfh INDICATIVEjzpfygrI ]]Nidrf;csrf;rIudk igwdkU&½SdMu\}}[lí
bmomjyef&efjzpfonf/
ti,f 1-11 rSm wdkufwGef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfolrsm;üjzpfaeonfht&m(0g)c&pfawmfrSwqifh
olwdkU&cJhNyD;jzpfonfht&mjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh þBud,mrSmPRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVEjzpfonfh
]]Nidrf;csrf;rIudk igwdkU&½SdMu\}}[lí omjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ xdkUaMumifh UBS4 onf ¤if;tm; pdwfBudKuf ]]A}}tqifh
(aocsm)ay;onf/
165
uRefawmfwdkU\ a½S;acwf*&dvufa&;usrf; trsm;tjym;wdkYudkjyKvkyfyHkrSm wpfa,mufuzwfNyD;tjcm;t
awmfrsm;rsm;u rdwåLa&;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ toHxGufwlnDaompum;vHk;wdkUrSm rMumcPa&maxG;aewwf
onf/ xdkUaMumifh usrf;pum;tquftpyfESihfwpfcgwpf&H pma&;[efESihf pma&;oloHk;aeusa0g[m&wdkYonf
rnfodkY teufjyef&rnfudkqHk;jzwf&mü ydkrdkvG,fulaponf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ Nidrfoufjcif; (t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;)
þ*&da0g[m&onf rl&if;tm;jzifh ]]usKd;yJhcJhNyD;onfudk yl;ícsnfonf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü
peace ac:þpum;vHk;tm; t"dyÜg,foHk;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/
yuwdtjrifESifhjzpfNyD; c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;&jcif; (aum 1;20)
2/
pdwfydkif;qdkif&mtjrifhESifhjzpfNyD; bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefrI&jcif; (a,m 14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)
3/
,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;ESpfrsKd;pvHk; c&pfawmfrSwqifh topfaomcE¨mudk,f
wpfckxJ bk&m;ocifu aygif;pnf;vdkufjcif;/ ({zuf 2;14-17/ aum 3;15) bk&m;ocifESifh
wpfcgNidrf;csrf;rI&NyDqdkvQif? ¤if;onf tjcm;olrsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;rIjzpfay:ap&rnfjzpfonf/
a'gifvdkuftjzpf rSefonfhtvsm;vdkuftjzpfrSefjzifh ay:vGifae&ygrnf/ (wpfOD;csif;ESifh bk&m;
ociftMum;rSm a'gifvdkufqufqHa&;jzpfNyD;? tvsm;vdkufqufqHa&;qdkif&mrSm vltcsif;csif;
qufqHa&;udkqdkvdkygonf)
Newman ESifh Nida wdkYa&;om;jyKpkonfh A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans,
p.92 ü]]Nidrf;csrf;jcif;}} -peace taMumif; rSwfcsufaumif;wpfck½Sdonf/
]]"r®a[mif;ESifh"r®opfusrf;ESpfckpvHk;wGif]]Nidrf;csrf;jcif;}}-peace [laompum;vHk;ü us,fjyefYaom
t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ tajccHtm;jzifh ¤if;onf vlwpfa,muf\b0toufwmtvHk;pHkü aumif;rGeftqifajy
aejcif;udkazmfjyonf/ ¤if;udk *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf EIwfqufpum;tjzpf (shalom)yif toHk;jyKMuonf/ ar½Sd,\
u,fwifjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&ef *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY toHk;jyKEkdifavmufatmif ¤if;a0g[m&ü av;eufvSonfh
t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefaomqufEG,fawmfpyfrI}}tm;azmfjyonfh t"dyÜg,fwl
pum;vHk;tjzpf toHk;jyKonfhtcgvnf;½Sdonf/ þae&mürl bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; rdrdESihfrSefuef
apjcif;tay: tajccHonf/ vlom;ESihfbk&m;ociftMum; o[mZmwjzpfonfh qufEG,fawmfpyfrItm; a&;om;
azmfjy&ef toHk;jyKaMumif;ay:vGifonf/ (pmrsufESm 92)
 ]]igwdkY\ocifa,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESihf}}/ a,½IrSm bk&m;ocifESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;&apol
udk,fpm;vS,fawmfjzpfonf/ (i,f 2? 9? 11? 17? 21/ ti,f 5ü0dnmOfawmf) a,½Ionf bk&m;ocifESihf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;&Ekdif&ef wpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfonf/ (a,m 10;7-8/ 14;6/ wref 4;12/ 1wd 2;5)/
]]ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf}}[laom bGJYemrawmfüygaom a0g[m&rsm;udk 1;4\ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
5;2 ]]pwif0if&jcif;tm;...&½SdMu}}þBud,mrSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ twdwfü NyD;pD;cJhNyD;
aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIonf ,ckwnf½SdaeaMumif;tm;ajymonf/
]]pwif}}- introduction }}[laom a0g[m&onf vHk;aphywfaphtm;jzifh ]]csOf;uyfwdk;0ifjcif;}} odkYr[kwf
]]cGifhjyKjcif;}}[kqdkvdkonf/ (prosagŌgē {zuf 2;18/ 3;12)/ ¤if;udk atmufygt"dyÜg,frsm;jzifh wifpm;oHk;EIef;
onf/
1/ rif;rsKd;rif;EG,frsm;odkY vludk,fwdkif rdwfqufcH&jcif;
166
2/ qdyfurf;wpfckodkY vHkjcHKpGm ,laqmifoGm;rIcH&jcif; (1ay 3;18)
þpum;pkü *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü uGJjym;rIwpfckyg0ifonf/ tcsKdYa½S;acwfvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü
]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}pum;pkudk aygif;xnfhonf/ (a2, C tcsKdUaom Old Latin, Vulgate, Syriac ESifh Coptic
usrf;uGJ rsm;) tjcm;vufa&;usrf;rsm;ü ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}qdkonfh pum;pkü 0dbwf ]]to}} jznfhpGufonf/
(a, A ESifhtcsKdUaomVulgate usrf;uGJrsm;)rnfodkYjzpfap pmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifha&;onfh vufa&;usrf; B, D,
FESifhG wdkYurl ¤if;udk csefxm;Muonf/ 5;1 ESifh 4;16 (ESpfcg)? 19ESifh20 wdkYtvm;wljzpfaejcif;aMumifh ¤if;udk
jznfhpGuf vdkufjcif;jzpf[ef½Sdonf/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}[lonf aygvk rMumcPoHk;aom t"dutcsufBuD;
jzpfonf/
 ]]þaus;Zl;awmftxJodkY}} þa0g[m& (charis)onf rxdkufrwefaom? BudK;csnfrxm;aom? rwlrwef
aom bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmftm;qdkvdkonf/ ({zuf 2;4-9)/ ¤if;udk tjypfjynfhaomvlom;twGuf
c&pfawmftaocH&mü ½Sif;vif;pGmjrif&onf/ (i,f 8)
 ]]rdrdwdkY &yfwnf&mjzpfaom}}¤if;rSm tjcm;aom PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/
]]igwdkY&yfwnfaeum? qufvuf&yf wnfonf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf c&pfawmftxJ ,HkMunfolrsm;\
"r®oabm&yfwnfrIESihf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qufvufqufuyfoGm;MurItm; ay:vGifaponf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;
ocif\tcsKyftjcmtmPmESifh (1aum 15;1)vl\vGwfvyfaomqE´ ({zuf 6;11? 13? 14)wdkY\qefYusif
bufjzpf[ef½Sdaom or®mw&m;tm; aygif;pnf;xm;onf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /&yfwnfonf ( hisēmi)
toHk;rsm;aom þa0g[m&udk "r®opfusrf;ü t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/ wnfaqmif&ef
u/ "r®a[mif;ynwåd? a&m 3;31
c/ vlwpfa,muf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;? a&mr 10;3
*/ y#dnOfw&m;opf? a[NAJ 10;9
C/ trdefYwpfck? 2aum 13;1
i/ bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;awmf? 2wd 2;19
2/ 0dnmOfa&;ü ckcH&ef
u/ rm&fewftm;? {zuf 6;11
c/ w&m;pD&if&maeYü? Asm 6;17
3/ rdrd\ajcjzifh ajrjyifay:&yfum ckcHjcif;
u/ ppfbufqdkif&m wifpm;rI? {zuf 6;14
c/ t&yfbufqdkif&mwifpm;rI? a&mr 14;4
4/ or®mw&m;ü taetxm;wpfck? a,m[ef 8;44
5/ aus;Zl;awmfü taetxm;wpfck
u/ a&m 5;2
c/ 1aum 15;1
*/ 1ay 5;12
167
6/ ,HkMunfjcif;ü taetxm;wpfck
u/ a&m 11;20
c/ 1aum 7;37
*/ 1aum 15;1
C/ 2aum 1;24
7/ rmeaxmifvTm;aom taetxm;wpfck 1aum 10;12
þa0g[m&onf y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m aus;Zl;awmfESifhtcsKyftjcmjzpfol bk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmf
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;azmfjyonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;ü ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ¤if;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyK&efESifh ¤if;ü,HkMunfjcif;tm;
jzifh wG,fuyfae&efjzpfaMumif;udkygjyonf/ ESpfrsKd;pvHk; or®musrf;enf;us or®mw&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY
ESpfckpvHk; qkyfudkifxm;&efjzpfonf!
 ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}þo'´gzGJYpnf;yHktm; em;vnfEkdifonfrSm (1) PRESENT MIDDLE (oufao
xGufqdkcsuf)INDICATIVE ac:tjzpfrSeftm;azmfjyjcif;]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}[lívnf;aumif; (2) PRESENT
MIDDLE (oufaoxGufqdkcsuf) SUBJUNCTIVE ac: pdwfqE´tm; azmfjyjcif;tjzpf ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMupdkY}}
[líESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/ þa½G; cs,frIü usrf;pmq&mrsm;tjrif uGJjym;onf/ tjzpfrSeftm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonfh
INDICATIVEtjzpf ti,f 1ü ,lum ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}[kqdkygu xdktwdkif; ti,f 3txd wajy;nD
jzpf&ygrnf/
]]tvGef0rf;ajrmuf}}-exult pum;vHk;\tjrpfrSm ]]0g<um;jcif;}}-boasting jzpfonf/ (NRSV, JB)txl;
taMumif;t&m 2;17 üMunfhyg/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYaMumihf 0rf;ajrmufMujcif;r[kwfbJ(3;27)olwdkY
twGuf udk,fawmfvkyfay;cJhNyD;aomt&maMumifhjzpfonf/ (a,&rd 9;23-24)/ þ*&drl&if;udkyif ti,f
3ESihf11 wdkYü xyfíoHk;onf/
 ]]tm;arQmfvifhvsuf}}aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,fcsif;qufpyfvsuf trsKd;rsKd;oHk;onf/ txl;
taMumif;t&m 4;18üMunfhyg/ ¤if;udk ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif; NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;odkYa&mufjcif;ESihfqdkifí oHk;avh
½Sdonf/ ¤if;udk azmfjyyHkwdkYrSm bkef;wefckd;? xm0&touf? u,fwifjcif;\jynfhpHkjcif;? 'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf
<uvmjcif;ponfwdkYjzpf\/ NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;[lonf aocsmaomt&mjzpfaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfü
½SdNyD;? rod½Sd&acs/ ¤if;onf ]],HkMunfjcif;}}(faith)ESihf]]cspfjcif;arwåm}}wdkYESifh qufEG,favh½Sdonf/ (1aum
13;13/ *v 5;5-6/ {zuf 4;2-5/ 1ouf 1;3/ 5;8)/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHkwdkYteuf tcsKdYrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpf
onf/
1/ 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;? *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ wd 2;13
2/ a,½Ionf igwdkY\ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1
3/ ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifxH qufojcif;cH&rnf/ aum 1;22-23/ 1ouf 2;19
4/ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf aumif;uifbHkü odkxm;vsuf½Sdonf/ aum 1;5
5/ tqHk;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
6/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf? a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
7/ u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI? 1ouf 5;8-9
8/ xm0&touf? wdwk 1;2/ 3;7
9/ c&pf,mef&ifhusufrI\ tusKd;&v'frsm;? a&mr 5;2-5
10/ zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk;wdkYudk a½G;EIwfjcif;? a&mr 8;20-22
168
11/ bk&m;ocif\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;? a&mr 15;13
12/ om;t&mü cefYxm;jcif;\pHkvifjcif;jynfh0rI a&muf½Sdjcif;? a&mr 8;23-25
13/ "r®opfacwf ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf vrf;nTefwpfckjzpfonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;? a&mr 15;4
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ pdwfcsrI
u/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdkYu,fwifjcif;&aMumif; od½SdEkdifygovm; (1a,m 5;13)1a,m[efusrf;ü
c/
*/
prf;oyfrI(0g)taxmuftxm;oHk;ck½Sdonf/
1/ Mo0g'qdkif&mtm;jzifh (,HkMunfrI-belief) (i,f 1? 5? 10/ 2;18-25/ 4;1-6? 14-16/ 5;11-12)
2/ touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH (emcHrI) (i,f 2-3/ 2;3-6/ 3;1-10/ 5;18)
3/ vlrIa&;tm;jzifh (cspfjcif;arwåm) (2-3/ 2;7-11/ 3;11-18/ 4;7-12? 16-21)
u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIonf *dkPf;*eqdkif&m Mo0g'wpfckjzpfvmonf/
1/ *RefuJvfAJif-John Calvin onf pdwfcs&rIudk bk&m;ocif\a½G;cs,frItay: tajcjyKonf/ þb0ü
rdrdwdkYpdwfcsrI rnfonfhtcgürQ ½SdEkdifMurnfr[kwf[kqdkonf/
2/ *Ref0DpvD John Wesley onf pdwfcs&rIudk bmoma&;tawGYtMuHKay: tajcjyKonf/ odvsufom;
ESifh tjypfjyKjcif;rjyKbJ? touf½SifEkdifpGrf; igwdkYü½Sdonf[k ol,HkMunfonf/
3/ a&mrumodkvpfESifhChurch of Christ ac:c&pfawmf\toif;awmfwdkYonf pdwfcs&rItm;? tcGihftm
Pm½Sdaom toif;awmfwpfyg;ay: tajcjyKonf/ rnfonfhtzGJYujzpfonf[laomtcsufrSm pdwfcs
&rIaomhcsufjzpfonf/
4/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; toif;awmftrsm;pkonf pdwfcs&rItm; or®musrf;pm\uwdrsm;tay:
tajcjyKum? ,HkMunfol\b0toufwmxJ 0dnmOfawmftoD;oD;jcif;ESihf qufpyfMuonf/ (*v
5;22-23)
usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;\ pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\p½kdufvu©PmESifh qufpyfvsuf½Sd
onf[k uRefawmf,HkMunfonf/
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;\arwåmawmf
(u) a,m 3;16/ 10;28-29
(c) a&mr 8;31-39
(*) {zuf 2;5? 8-9
(C) zdvdydÜ 1;6
(i) 1ay 1;3-5
(p) 1a,m 4;7-21
2/ om;awmfbk&m;\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;
(u) igwdkYtwGuf taocHjcif;
1^ wref 2;23
2^ a&m 5;6-11
3^2aum 5;21
4^ 2a,m 2;2/ 4;9-10
(c) ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ qkawmif;jcif;(a,m 17;12)
(*) qufvufí Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;aejcif;
169
1â&m 8;34
2â[NAJ 7;25
3^1a,m 2;1
3/ 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;\ trIaqmif½Gufjcif;
(u) ac:zdwfjcif; (a,m 6;44? 65)
(c) wHqdyfcwfjcif;
1^2aum 1;22/ 5;5
2^{zuf 1;13-14/ 4;3
(*) pdwfcsvsuf½Sdaejcif;
1â&mr 8;16-17
2^1a,m 5;7-13
C/ odkYaomf vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifay;prf;onfh y#dnOfw&m;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyKMu&ygrnf/ (tpjyKjcif;
ESifh qufvufoGm;jcif;)
1/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypfrSjyefvSnfhum (aemifw)a,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh (,HkMunf-faith)
bk&m;ocifxHvm&ygrnf/
(u) rmuk 1;15
(c) wref 3;16? 19? 20;21
2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocifay;prf;onfht&mudk vufcH&ygrnf/
(u) a,m[ef 1;12/ 3;16
(c) a&mr 5;1/ (tvm;wltm;jzifh 10;9-13)
(*) {zuf 2;5? 8-9
3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;ü qufvufoGm;Mu&ygrnf/
(u) rmuk 13;13
(c) 1aum 15;2
(*) *vmwd 6;9
(C) a[NAJ 3;14
(i) 2ay 1;10
(p) ,k' 20-21
(q) Asm'dwf 2;2-3? 7? 10? 17? 19? 25-26/ 3;5? 10? 11? 21/
4/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf prf;oyfrIoHk;rsKd; &ifqdkifonf/
(u) Mo0g'ydkif;qdkif&mü (i,f 1?5? 10/ 2;18-25/ 4;1-6? 14-16)
(c) touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHü (i,f 2-3/ 2;3-6/ 3;1-10)
(*) vlrIa&;ü (i,f 2-3/ 2;7-11/ 3;11-18/ 4;7-12/ 16-21/
i/ pdwfcs&&ef cufcJ&jcif;rSm
1/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf or®musrf;pmxJ ay;xm;onfhuwdrsm;r[kwfbJ? tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh
½Smavh½SdMujcif;
2/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf owif;aumif;udk jynhfpHkpGm em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; r½SdMujcif;/
170
3/
4/
5/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf acgif;rmpGmjzifh qufvuftjypfjyKMujcif; (1aum 3;10-15/ 9;27/ 1wd
1;19-20/ 2wd 4;10/ 2ay 1;8-11)
tcsKdUvlyk*¾dKvfrsm; (Oyrm- tjypfuif;jcif;0g'rsm;)onf bk&m;ocif\cRif;csufrJhESifharwåm
tm;jzifh vufcHrIjyKawmfrljcif;tm; rnfodkYrQ rvufcHEkdifMuacs/
,HkMunfoljzpfygonf[k twkta,mif 0efcHolrsm;or®musrf;pmü awGY&jcif;/ (róJ 13;323/ 7;21-23/ rmuk 4;14-20/ 2ay 2;19-20/ 1a,m 2;18-19)/
 ]]bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf}}þpum;pkrSm bk&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvftm;jzifh twl½SdaeaMumif;twGufoHk;aom
"r®a[mif;usrf; toHk;EIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ a,½Ionf ½SifjyefxajrmufaomaeYü jyifqifay;onfh (2aum 5;21)
,HkMunfajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\a½SYawmfarSmufü ,HkMunfol\&yfwnfrItm; &nfnTef;onf/
¤if;udk "r®oabmjzihf ]]bkef;awmftm;jzifh csD;jr§ifhjcif;}}-glorification(i,f 9-10/ 8;30)[k ac:avh½Sdonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf a,½IESifhwljcif;&½SdMuvdrfhrnf/ (1a,m 3;2/ 2ay 1;4)? txl;taMumif;t&m/
/
bkef;wefcdk;awmf 3;23üMunfhyg/
5;3
]]þrQomvQifr[kwf ...&müvnf;}}
NKJV
]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf ...&müvnf;}}
NRSV
]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf...&müvnf;}}
TEV
csefxm;onf
NJB
]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf}}
aygvkonf aygif;pyfaom þa0g[m&rsm;ukd tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (5;3? 11/ 8;23/ 9;10 ESifh
2aum 8;19)
NASB

]]'ku©a0'emBuD;rsm; cH&müvnf; igwdkYtvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}
]]'ku©a0'emBuD;rsm; cH&müvnf; *kPf,lMu\}}
]]'ku©cH&müvnf; igwdkY0g<um;Mu\}}
]]'ku©a&mufonfhtcgvnf; igwdkY0g<um;Mu\}}
]]igwdkY\cufcJrIrsm;üvnf; tvGef0rf;ajrmufMuygpdkY}}
þavmuonf a,½Iudk rkef;wD;onfqdkvQif olYaemufvdkufrsm;udkyg rkef;wD;vdrfhrnf/ (róJ 10;22/
24;9/ a,m[ef 15;18-21) vlYpum;jzifhajym&rnfqdkvQif a,½Ionf rdrdcHpm;cJhonfh 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;tm;jzifh
&ifhusufwnfMunfrI&onf/ (a[NAJ 5;8)/ 'ku©qif;&Jonf tm;ukd;&jcif;ESifh &ifhusufwnfMunfrIjzpfaponf/
c&pfawmfESihfwlnDrIonf ,HkMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ pDrHcsufjzpfonf/ 'ku©qif;&JrSm ¤if;\tpdwf
tydkif;jzpfonf! (8;17-19/ wref 14;22/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-19)
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
171
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /c&pf,mefrsm;tb,faMumifh'ku©qif;&JcHMuoenf;/
1/
2/
3/
4/
rdrdwdkY\tjypfaMumifh
(,m,Dw&m;pD&ifjcif;)/
jyóemESifhtysufoabmaqmifaom
tajctaewdkif;onf tjypfaMumifh[laom oabmr[kwfacs/ (a,mb/ qmvH 73/ vkum
14;1-5/ ae 9/ wref 5;1-11/ 1aum 11;29-30/ *vm 6;7)
c&pfawmfESifhydkíwlvmap&ef (a[NAJ 5;8)/ vlYpum;tm;jzifh ajym&vQif a,½IyifvQif
&ifhusufrIvdktyfonfenf;wl olYaemufvdkufrsm;vnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (a&mr 5;3-4/
8;28-29/ 2aum 12;7-10/ zd 3;10/ a[NAJ 12;5-12/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 1;7)/
oufaocH&mü ydkíwefcdk;ygum? ydkíxda&mufrI½Sdap&ef (róJ 5;10-12/ a,m 15;18-22/
1ay 2;18-21/ 3;13-17)/
uyfumvtopfarG;zGm;ay:xGef;vmrnfhtaMumif; edrdwfvu©Pmwpf&yftjzpf (róJ 24;6/
rmuk 13;8)
 ]]od½Sdum}}/ ¤if;onf ]]oida}}PERFECT PARTICLEjzpfonf/ yHkpHtm;jzifh PERFECT (jzpfcJhNyD;) jzpfaomf
vnf;PRESENT TENSE (jzpfqJ)[laom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\or®mw&m;udk ,kHMunfol
rsm;em;vnf&jcif;aMumifh ab;'ku©awGYMuHK&onfhtcg b0udk 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIjzifh &ifqdkifEkdif
apNyD;? ¤if;onf tajctaeay: rlwnfjcif;r[kwf? n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufcHpOfüyif xdktwdkif;jzpfonf/ (zd 4;4/
1ouf 5;16? 18)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ]]'ku©qif;&Jrsm;aMumifh}}r[kwfbJ? ]]¤if;wdkYtxJü}}0rf;ajrmufMujcif;
jzpfonf!
5;3]]'ku©a0'em}} atmufygtaMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 'ku©a0'em
þa0g[m& (thlipsis)tm; toHk;jyK&mü aygvkESifha,m[efwdkYü "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m uGJjym;jcm;em;
rI½SdaMumif; od½Sd&efvdktyfonf/
u/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHk (a,½I\oHk;EIef;yHkudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf)
1/ jyóemrsm;? 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;? usqif;cJhNyD;aom þavmu\qdk;oGrf;rIrsm; yg0ifonf/
(u) róJ 13;21
(c) a&mr 5;3
(*) 1aum 7;28
(C) 2aum 7;4
(i) {zuf 3;13
2/ jyóemrsm;? 'ku©qif;&Jrsm; r,HkMunfolrsm;aMumifhjzpfaom qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;
(u) a&mr 5;3/ 8;35/ 12;12
(c) 2aum 1;4? 8/ 6;4/ 7;4/ 8;2? 13
(*) {zuf 3;13
(C) zd 4;14
(i) 1ouf 1;6
(p) 2ouf 1;4
172
c/
3/ jyóemrsm;? 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;? aemufqHk;aomumvqdkif&m qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;
(u) róJ 24;21/ 29
(c) rmuk 13;19? 24
(*) 2ouf 1;6-9
a,m[ef\oHk;EIef;yHk
1/ a,m[efonf thlipsis ESifhorgē (0g) thumos (trsufawmf)ESpfrsKd; Asm'dwfusrf;ü cGJjcm;toHk;
jyKonf/Thlipsis r,HkMunfolrsm;u? ,HkMunfolrsm;tay:jyKonfht&mjzpfum? Orge ESifh thumos
wdkYrSm bk&m;ocifu r,HkMunfolrsm;tay: jyKaomt&mjzpfonf/
(u) thlipsis - Asm 1;9/ 2;9-10? 22/ 7;14
(c) orgē - Asm 6;16-17/ 11;18/ 16;19/ 19;15
(*) thumos - Asm 12;12/ 14;8? 10? 19/ 15;2? 7/ 16;1/ 18;3/
2/ a,m[efonf þa0g[m&udk ol\c&pf0ifusrf;üvnf; toHk;jyKNyD;? acwfumvwdkif;ü ,HkMunfol
rsm;&ifqdkif&onfhjyóemrsm;udk ay:vGifaponf/ a,m[ef 16;33
5;3?4]]pGJNrJjcif;}}þa0g[m&onf ]]apwemESifhjyKonf}} ]]wuf<uonf}} ]]NrJjrHcdkifMunfonf}} ]]Mum½SnfcHonf}}
(onf;cHonf)[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm vlrsm;ESihfqdkifívnf;aumif;? tajctaersm;ESihfqdkifívnf;aumif;
onf;cHEkdifjcif;? onf;cHjcif;ESihfqdkifonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 8;25 üMunfhyg/
5;4
]]tusihfpm&dwåckdifvHkaponf}}
]]tusifhpm&dwå}}
]]bk&m;ocif\auseyfrI}}
]]prf;oyfcHaomtusifhpm&dwåjzpfaponf}}
*&d"r®a[mif;usrf;-(LXX)\urÇm 23;16/ 3"r® 10;18/ 1&mZ0if 28;18 wdkYü þa0g[m&tm;
owåKypönf;rsm;\ oefYpifrIESifh ppfrSefrIwdkYtm; prf;oyfjcif;twGufoHk;onf/ (2aum 2;9? 8;2/ 9;13/ 13;3/
zd 2;22/ 2wd 2;15/ ,mukyf 1;12)/ bk&m;ocif\prf;oyfrIrsm;onf cdkifcHhapa&;twGuf jzpfavh½Sdonf/
(a[NAJ 12;10-11)! txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ prf;oyfppfaq;jcif; 2;18 üMunfhyg/
NASB
NKJV, NRSV
TEV
NJB
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ c&pf,mefBuD;xGm;jcif;
a&mr 5;3-4
*vmwd 5;22-23
'ku©qif;&JaMumifh
0dnmOfawmftoD;
*ZGJ½Sdaponf
*cspfjcif;
*oufaoxif½Sm;ap *0rf;ajrmufjcif;
*ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfay:ap *Nidrfoufjcif;
(i,f 2)
*pdwf½Snfjcif;
*aus;Zl;jyKjcif;
*aumif;jrwfjcif;
*opömapmifhjcif;
,mukyf 1;3-4
prf;oyfrIaMumifh
*cHEkdif&nf½Sd
*&ifhusuf
(1)pGJNrJjcif;
(2)pHkvifjynfh0
173
2ay 1;5-7
vHkYv0D&d,toHk;csjcif;
*taumif;qHk;udk,fusifhw&m;
*todynm
*rdrdudk,frdrdxdef;Edkifjcif;
*ZGJ½Sdjcif;
*aumif;jrwfjcif;
*nDtpfudkcsif;arwåm
(philadelphia)
*El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;
*c&pf,mefarwåm
*umr*kPfcsKyf
(agapē)
wnf;jcif;
5;5 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;onf pdwfysufp&mrjzpfapacs}}¤if;onf a[NAJ idiom (Oyrm-t½SufwuGJjzpfjcif;qmvH 25;3? 20/ 31;1?17/ 119;116/ a[½Sm 28;16 (a&mr 9;33ü udk;um;onf)? zdvdydÜ 1;20)udk;um;jcif;
jzpfEkdifonf/
 ]]bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmawmfudk igwdkY\pdwfESvHk; xJodkY oGif;avmif;awmfrlcJhNyD}}
¤if;onfPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; ]]bk&m;½Sif\arwåmawmfonf oGef;avmif;cJhNyD;? qufvuf
oGef;avmif;onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ þBud,mudk oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfü oHk;avh½SdNyD;(wref 2;17? 18/
33/ 10;45 ESifhwdwk 3;6) ¤if;onf a,mv 2;28-29 (a[½Sm 32;15)tm; xif[yfjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
GENITIVE PHRASE jzpfaom]]bk&m;ocifESifhqdkifaomarwåmawmf}}(the love of God)[lonf o'´genf;
us &nfnTef;EkdifonfrSm (1) bk&m;ociftm; igwdkYcspfonfharwåm odkYr[kwf (2) igwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifcspf
onfharwåmawmf wpfckckjzpfEkdifonf/(a,m 3;16/ 2aum 5;14)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmt& eHygwf
ESpfudka½G;cs,f&rnfjzpfonf/
 ]]igwdkYudkay;aom oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf}}¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocif udk,fwdkif\vkyfaqmifrItm; azmfjy&mü tjyKcHBud,mjzpfonfh PASSIVE VOICEoHk;avh½Sdonf/ ,HkMunf
olrsm;ü aemufxyfoefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf rvdktyf[kqdkvdkonf/ olwdkYü 0dnmOfawmf½Sdonf odkYr[kwf olwdkY
rSm c&pf,mefr[kwf(8;9)[líwpfckckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfay;jcif; (oGef;avmif;jcif;)onf acwfopfjzpfaom
(a,mv 2;28-29)y#dnOfw&m;opf (a,&rd 31;31-34/ a,Zaus 36;22-32)\ edrdwfvu©Pmjzpfonf/
 þusrf;ydk'fxJüoHk;yg;wpfqlrS yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg½SdaMumifh odrSwfyg/
1/ bk&m;ocif? i,f 1? 2? 5? 8? 10
2/ a,½I? i,f 1? 6? 8? 9? 10
3/ 0dnmOfawmf? i,f 5
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oHk;yg;wpfql bk&m; 8;11üMunfhyg/
6
taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaepOf? oifhawmfaomtcsdefü c&pfawmfonf
rw&m;aomolwdkYtwGuf taocHawmfrl\/ 7ajzmifhrwfaomoltwGuf taocHrnfhol½SdcJ\/ olawmf
aumif;twGuf taocH0Hhol½Sdaumif;½Sdvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ 8odkYaomf igwdkYonf tjypf½SdpOfyif c&pfawmf
onf igwdkYtwGuf taocHawmfrl&mü? bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtm; rdrd\arwåmawmfudk xif½Sm;pGm
9
jyawmfrl\/ xdkYxufru taoG;awmf tm;jzifh ,ckajzmifhrwfapjcif;&cJhMuum? bk&m;ocif\trsuf
awmfrS xdkociftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Muvdrfhrnf/ 10taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf &efolrsm;jzpfaepOf?
om;awmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESihf jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif; cHcJhMuonfqdkvQif? xdkYxufru
jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? toufawmftm;jzifh igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ 11þrQ
174
omvQifr[kwfbJ? igwdkYt½Sifa,½I c&pfawmfrSwqifh jyefvnf oifhjrwfapjcif;tm; ,ck&½SdMuojzifh
vnf; xdkociftm;jzifh igwdkYonf bk&m;ocifü tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/
5;6
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;ukd;&mrJhjzpfaepOf}}
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf cGeftm;rJhvsuf ½Sda eMupOf}}
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;enf;vsuf ½Sda eMupOf}}
]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaeonfhtcsdefü}}
]]igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaeonfhtcsdefü}}
þBud,mrSm PRESENT PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;ü½Sdonfh tm'H\Zmwdoabmudk
nTef;qdkonf/ vlom;ütjypfudk qefYusif&efwefcdk;uif;rJhonf/ emrfpm;jzpfonfh ]]igwdkY}}onf ti,f 6u
]]rw&m;aomol}} ti,f 8 u ]]tjypf½Sdolrsm;}}ESifh ti,f 10u ]]&efolrsm;}}wdkYudkyif ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkYESihf
tvm;wljzpfonf/ ti,f 6 ESihf 8 wdkYonf "r®oabmESifh wnfaqmufyHktm;jzifh qifwljzpfonf/ tvm;wl
tNydKifjzpfaeyHkudk odrSwfyg/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
i,f 6/
(1)
igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfcJhMuonf
i,f 8/
igwdkYonf tjypf½SdpOfyif
i,f 9/
............
(2)
rw&m;olrsm;twGuf
c&pfawmf taocHcJhonf
igwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmf
taocHcJhonf
taoG;awmftm;jzifh
i,f 10/
igwdkYonf &efolrsm;jzpfaepOf
om;awmf taocH
(3)
.........
.........
taoG;awmftm;jzifh
,ckajzmifhrwfapjcif;
&cJhMuumjyefvnf
oifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJh
Muonf
t"duor®mw&m;rsm;udk xyfíazmfjyjcif;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
1/ igwdkY\vdktyfrI
2/ c&pfawmf\ axmufrrI
3/ igwdkY\ topfaom&yfwnfrI

]]oifhawmfaomtcsdefü}}
]]tcsdefwefonfhtcg}}
]]bk&m;ocif a½G;cs,fonfhtcsdefü}}
]]a½G;cs,fawmfrlonfh tcdkuftwHhü}}
ordkif;aMumif;t& jzpfEkdifaom ¤if;\&nfnTef;&mrSm
1/ a&mrwdkY\ Nidrf;csrf;rI (ESifhvrf;rBuD;rsm;)aMumifh c&D;oGm;vmí&jcif;
2/ uGJjym;jcm;em;aom ,Ofaus;rIbmompum;rsm;tMum; *&dbmompum;jzifh ajymqdkquf
oG,fí&jcif;
NASB, NRSV
NKJV
TEV
NJB
175
3/ *&dvlrsKd;ESifh a&mrvlrsKd;wdkY\ ewfbk&m;rsm; ½IH;edrfhjcif;onf arQmfvifhjcif;ESihf? urÇmBuD;tm;
0dnmOfa&;t& qmiwfrIjzpfay:aponf/ (rmuk 1;15/ *vm 4;4/ {zuf 1;10/ wdwk
1;3)/
vl0ifpm;jcif;^vljzpfvmjcif;onf "r®oabmt& pDrHcsufwpf&yf? bk&m;qdkif&mtjzpftysufwpfckjzpf
onf/(vkum 22;22/ wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ {zuf 1;11)/
5;6? 8? 10 ]]rw&m;aomolrsm;twGuf taocHonf}}¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/
¤if;onf a,½I\b0toufwmESifh taocHjcif;udk wpfckwnf;aomtjzwfjzifh ½Ijrifonf/ ]]a,½Ionf rdrd
rwifaomta<u;udkay;qyfcJhum? igwdkYonf rdrdwdkYray;acsEdkifaom ta<u;wpfckwif½SdcJhMuonf}}(*v 3;13/
1a,m 4;10)
c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;rSm aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü xyfcgwvJvJ awGY&aomt"dutcsufwpf&yfjzpf
onf/ olonf a,½I\udk,fpm;jyKtaocHjcif;tm; &nfnTef;onfh uJGJjym;jcm;em;aom a0g[m&ESifhpum;pk
tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/
1/ ]]taoG;awmf}} (3;25/ 5;9/ 1aum 11;25? 27/ {zuf 1;7/ 2;13/ aum 1;20)/
2/ ]]rdrdudk,frdrday;tyf}} ({zuf 5;2? 25)
3/ ]]ay;tyf}} (a&mr 4;25/ 8;32)
4/ ]],ZfylaZmf}} (1aum 5;7)
5/ ]]taocH}} (a&mr 5;6/ 8;34/ 14;9? 15/ 1aum 8;11/ 15;3/ 2aum 5;15/ *v 5;21/ 1ouf
4;14/ 5;10)
6/ ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkif}} (1aum 1;17-18/ *v 5;11/ 6;12-14/ {zuf 2;16/ zd 2;8/ aum 1;20/
2;14
7/ ]]um;pifwifí owfjcif;}} (1aum 1;23/ 2;2/ 2aum 13;4/ *v 3;1)
þtcsufü 0dbwf huper \qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,frSm
1/ ]]igwdkYbufü}} udk,fpm;jyKjcif;
2/ ]]igwdkYae&mü}} tpm;xdk;jcif;
omreftm;jzifh huper \tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ydkifqdkifrIGENITIVE oabmjzifh]]igwdkYbufü}}[líjzpf
onf/ (Louw and Nida)¤if;onf vlrsm;twGuf jzpfxGef;vmaomtusKd;aus;Zl;tcsKdYtm; azmfjyonf/ (The
New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, vol. 3.p.1196) rnfodkYjzpfap huper ü]]anti}}
qdkonfht"dyÜg,f½SdNyD;]]ae&mü}}(tpm;)qdkonfht"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ¤if;onf tpm;xdk;jcif;tjzpf
udk,fpm;ay;avsmfjcif; (tjypfajzjcif;)tm; "r®oabmt& nTef;qdkonf/ (rmuk 10;45/ a,m[ef 11;50/
18;14/ 2aum 5;14/ 1wd 2;6)/ M.J.Harris (NIDNTT, vol. 3, p. 1197)u ajymonfrSm ]]'gayrJh aygvk[m
c&pfawmfonf anti hēmŌn (igwdkYudk,fpm;)taocHcJhonf[k tb,faMumifh ajymcJhbl;jcif;r½Sd&oenf;?(1wd
2;6ü ¤if;ESifhteD;pyfqHk;ol oHk;EIef;cJhonfrSm-antilutron huper pantŌn [líjzpfonf) xdkodkYroHk;EIef;&jcif;rSm
0dbwf huper onf anti ESifhrwlbJ wifjyjcif;ESifhtpm;xdk;jcif;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm; azmfjyEdkifíjzpfEkdifygonf/}}
M.R.Vincent \ Word Studies, vol. 2 ü ajymonfrSm]]huper}}ac: ]]bufü}}onf anti ac:]]tpm;}}
ESifhoabmwlnDjcif;½Sdr½Sd jiif;cHkrIrsm;pGm½Sdonf/ tqifhjrifhpma&;q&mrsm;onf xdkpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;wdkY\
t"dyÜg,frsm;ukd tjyeftvSef t"dyÜg,fwltjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifyHktm; Oyrmrsm;jycJhMuonf/ þpmydk'fürl þodkYoHk;
EkdifaMumif; taxmuftxm;aumif;pGmr½SdaMumif; tvGefaocsmonf/ þ0dbwfü aoqHk;oloyfoyfESifhqdkif
176
aomt"dyÜg,frsKd;om½SdEkdifonf/ þpmydk'frsm;\t"dyÜg,fudk aocsmaygufrajymEkdifacs/ aocsmaygufajymEkdif
onfhtcsufwpfckrSm huper ü anti \t"dyÜg,fESifhqufpyfaomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf[líjzpf\/]]tpm;}}-instead of
tm; tajccH0g'ydkif;qdkif&mü us,fjyefYpGmoHk;onf/ usrf;ydk'ftrsm;pkü ¤if;\t"dyÜg,frSm]]tusKd;tvdkYiSg}}(for
the sake of)]]...\bufü}} (on behalf of)jzpfaMumif; aocsmonf/ rSefuefaom½Sif;vif;csufrSm t"dutm;jzifh
ar;cGef;xkwfrIrsm;? Twdtusajym&vQif c&pfawmftaocHjcif;ESifh qufpyfaomar;cGef;xkwfrIrsm;ü *v 3;13/
a&mr 14;15/ 1ay 3;18wdkYuJhodkYaom usrf;ydk'frsm;wGif huper onf]]bufüc&pfawmftaocHonf}}[laom
tqdkjyKcsuftm; twdtusr[kwfaom? a,bk,soabmjzifhazmfjyum? rnfol\bufüjzpfaMumif;tm; twd
tusqHk;jzwfcsufrjyKbJ? tjcm;usrf;ydk'frsm;jzifh qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef xm;xm;cJhonf/ ]]tpm;}}-instead of \
t"dyÜg,frSm ¤if;üyg0ifEkdifonfqdkaomfvnf; ,lqrIrQomjzpfonf}}(p.692)
5;7 þti,fonf vlom;\arwåmukdjyoum? i,f 8 url bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfukdjyonf

NASB, NKJV
TEV
NRSV
NJB
]]ajzmifhrwfoltwGuf}}
]]ajzmifhrwfaomolwpfa,muftwGuf}}
]]vlaumif;wpfaumiftwGuf}}
þa0g[m&tm; aem{ESihfa,mbwdkY uJhodkYajzmifhrwfonf(0g)tjypfwifp&mr½Sd[laom tvm;wl
t"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ ¤if;onf tjypfuif;pifjcif;oabmtm; qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m
1;17 üMunfhyg/
5;8]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\arwåmawmfukd...xif½Sm;pGmjyawmfrl\/}}¤if;rSmPRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
(3;5)jzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf om;awmfudkapvTwfonf/ (8;3? 32/ 2aum 5;19)/ bk&m;ocif\arwåm
awmfrSm pdwfvIyf½Sm;rIr[kwfbJ? tjyKtrludk tajcjyKum? (a,m 3;16/ 1a,m 4;10) wnfwHhckdifNrJonf/
 ]]igwdkYonf tjypf½SdpOfyif}}bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfonf bk&m;w&m;udkif;½Idif;olrsm;(0g)txl;vlrsKd;
wpfrsKd;tm;r[kwfbJ awmfvSefykefuefolrsm;jzpfonfh ]]tjypfom;rsm;tm;}}xif½Sm;pGmjyawmfrlaMumif;od&onf
rSm xdwfvefYbG,f&mjzpfonf/ *kPfj'yftqifhtwef;r[kwfbJ? aus;Zl;w&m;rSm tajccHor®mw&m;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;ESifhrdwfo[m,jyKvsuf ½SdaevdkqJjzpfaeao;onf/ ¤if;rSm igwdkYtm; Nidrfoufjcif;
ESifhajrmfvifhjcif;ay;aom rajymif;rvJonfhp½kdufawmfjzpfonf/ (xGuf 34;6/ ae 9;17/ qm 103;8/ 145;8)/
5;9 ]]xdkYxufru}}¤if;rSm aygvkESpfoufaomtoHk;tEIef;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (10? 15? 17)/ bk&m;ocifonf
,HkMunfolwdkYtm; tjypfom;rsm;jzpfcJhMupOf xdkrQcspfawmfrlcJhonfqdkvQif ,ckolwdkYonf rdrd\om;orD;rsm;
jzpfvmMuojzifh ydkírnfrQcspfawmfrlvdrfhrnfenf;? (5;10/ 8;22)/
]],ckajzmifhrwfapjcif;&cJhMuNyD}}¤if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfNyD; ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
onf NyD;pD;cJhNyDjzpfaom bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfaMumif; txl;jyKonf/ aygvkonf tcef;i,f 1u
or®mw&m;udkyif jyefíazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(i,f 9)ESihf ]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfaponf}}(i,f
10-11) a0g[m&ESpfvHk;\qifwlrIudkvnf; odrSwfyg/
177
 ]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh}}¤if;onf ,Zfaumiftjzpf c&pfawmftaocHawmfrljcif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfckjzpf
onf/ (3;5/ 4;25/ rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)/ tjypfjyKaomtoufwpfckae&mü tpm;xdk;&ef
tjypfuif;aomtoufwpfcktm; ay;qyfjcif;taMumif; 0wfjyK&musrf; 1-7awGY&NyD;? xGufajrmuf&m 12
u(yócg odk;oli,f)yifjzpfEkdifum? "r®oabmtm;jzifh a[½Sm, 53;4-6u a,½Itm;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
¤if;udkyif a[NAJMo0g'pm (9-10)ü c&pfawmfESifhqdkifaom t"dyÜg,ftjzpf xyfrHazmfjyonf/ a[NAJMo0g'pm
onf "r®a[mif;ESifh"r®opfusrf;wdkYudk tcsuftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh xda&mufpGmEIdif;,SOfjyonf/
 ]]igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;&Muvdrfhrnf}}¤if;onf FUTURE PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? tem*wfü
igwdkY tay:jzpfysufrnfhjzpf&yfrSefwpfcktm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 10)/ ¤if;onf igwdkY\tqHk;pGefaom
u,fwifjcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]bkef;BuD;apjcif;}}[kac:onf/ (i,f 2/ 8;30/ 1a,m 3;2)
"r®opfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;udk umvjyBud,mtm;vHk;jzifh azmfjyonf/
1/ NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (AORIST)wref 15;11/ a&mr 8;24/ 2wd 1;9/ wdwk 3;5
2/ twdwfu vkyfaqmifcJhNyD;? ,ckvuf½Sdü tusKd;oufa&mufaeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (PERFE–
CT ) {zuf 2;5?8
3/ qufvufí wdk;wufjzpfay:aeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (PRESENT) 1aum 1;18/ 15;2/
2aum 2;15/ 1ouf 4;14/ 1ay 3;21/
4/ tem*wfü tqHk;owfrnfhvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (FUTURE) a&mr 5;9?10/ 10;9/
txl;taMumif;t&m 10;4üMunfhyg/ u,fwifjcif;onf tpjyKqHk;jzwfrIjzifh tpjyKaomfvnf; (10;913/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16)wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif tqHk;owfvwHhaomwpf'*FNyD;wpf'*Fqufvufwdk; wufjzpf
ay:aeonfh vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ þoabmudk "r®qdkif&ma0g[m&oHk;vHk;jzifh ½Sif;vif;a&;om;avh½Sdonf/
1/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;onf ]]tjypf\'PfrS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
2/ oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;onf ]]tjypf\wefcdk;rS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
3/ bkef;BuD;apjcif;onf ]]tjypf½Sd&mt&yfrS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefY½Sif;apjcif;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfoludk
ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;*½kPmawmfvkyfaqmifrIjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;xdkufonf/ rnfokdYjzpfap oefY½Sif;
pifMu,fapjcif;qdkonfrSm c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;ü qufvufwdk;wufjzpfay:aeaomt&mjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
"r®ynm½Sifrsm;onf þtaMumif;tm; ]]&yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefY½Sif;apjcif;}}[lívnf;aumif; ]]wdk;wufjzpfay:
aeaom oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;}}[lívnf;aumif; ac:Muonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf½Sifjcif;
ESihfqufpyfaom? vQKdY0SufzHk;uG,fxm;onfh tcrJhu,fwifjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4üMunfhyg/
 ]]bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfrS}}¤if;rSm tem*wfü jzpfysufrnfht&mESifh qufpyfaomt&mwpfckjzpfonf/
¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\BuD;rm;aom? rxdkufwefaom? *kPf&nfrwefaom arwåmawmfjzpfaomfvnf;? bk&m;
ocifonf tjypfESifhawmfvSefykefuefrItm; wpfpdkufrwfrwf qefYusifrIudkvnf; ½Sif;vif;pGmajymjyonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf u,fwifjcif;ESihf tjypfvTwfjcif; vrf;wpfvrf;tm; c&pfawmfrSwqifh jyifqifay;xm; aomfvnf;?
olYtm;jiif;qefolrsm;rSmrl trsufawmfatmufü½Sdonf/ (1;18-3;20) ¤if;rSm vlom;uJhodkYajymjcif; (txl;
taMumif;t&m 1;18üMunfhyg/) jzpfaomfvnf; tppftrSefudk azmfjyonf/ a'goxGufaom bk&m;ocif\
vufawmfxJus&efrSm aMumufvefYbG,f&mjzpfonf/(a[NAJ 10;31)/
178
5;10]]vQif}}¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[kcH,lxm;jcif;(0g)
ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tqHk;pGefaom zefqif;&mvlom;rSm (urÇm 1;26-27)bk&m;ocif\
&efoljzpfvmonf/ vlonf xdef;csKyfvdkaomqE´? bk&m;jzpfvdkaomqE´½Sdvmonf/ (urÇm 3;5)/

]]bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuonf...jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;}}¤if;rSm
AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE ESifh AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLEESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf/ ]]jyefvnfoihfjrwf
onf}}(1aum 7;11/ 2aum 5;18? 19? 20ESifh aum 1;20)qdkaomBud,monf rl&if;tm;jzifh ]]tvJtvS,fjyK
onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf igwdkY\tjypfudk a,½I\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh tvJtvS,fjyKay;
vdkufonf/ (a[½Sm 53;4-6)/ Nidrf;csrf;a&; jyefvnf&½Sdaponf/ (i,f 1)!
 ]]om;awmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh}}tjypfvTwfjcif;owif;aumif;onf atmufygwdkYudktajcjyKonf/
1/ bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmf (a,m 3;16)
2/ c&pfawmfvkyfonfhtvkyf (8;32/ *v 1;4/ 2;20)
3/ 0dnmOfawmf\ydk;yef;jcif; (a,m 6;44? 65)
4/ vlwpfOD;csif;\,HkMunfjcif;âemifwtm;jzifhwHkYjyefjcif;/(rmuk 1;15/ a,m 1;12/ wref 20;21)
bk&m;ocifESifhjyefvnfoifhjrwf&ef tjcm;vrf;r½Sdacs/ (10;1-2? 7-8/ a,m 14;6/ wref 4;12/ 1wd 2;5)
u,fwifjcif;pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\p½dkufay:tajcjyK(xGuf 34;6/ ae 9;17/ qm 103;8/
145;8)jcif;jzpfNyD;? vl\vkyfaqmifrIay:wGif r[kwfacs! qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef rSefaomt&mwpfckrSm
u,fwifjcif;&jyD; vl\vkyfaqmifrIrSm tcrJhu,fwifcH&aMumif;\ taxmuftxm;wpfckjzpfonf/ (,mukyf
ESihf 1a,m)
 ]]igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf}} "r®opfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;tm; twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifh
tem*wfjzpfaMumif;ajymonf/ þae&mü tem*wfonf igwdkY\tqHk;pGefaomu,fwifjcif;jzpfonfh 'kwd,
tBudrf<uvm csdefü NyD;pD;vdrfhrnfjzpfaom u,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ ti,f 9rSwfcsufESihf
10;13\ txl;taMumif;t&mwdkYudkMunfhyg/
 ]]toufawmftm;jzifh}}touftwGuf *&da0g[m&rSm zoa jzpfonf/ a,m[ef\usrf;rsm;ü þa0g[m&
onf jyef½Sifxajrmufaomtoufwm? xm0&touf(0g)EdkifiHawmfxJtoufudk &nfnTef;avh½Sdonf/ aygvk
onfvnf; þoabmjzifhoHk;onf/ þtaMumif;\t"dutcsufrSm ,HkMunfoltm; tjypfvTwfEdkif&ef bk&m;
ocifonf þrQBuD;jrifhaomwefbdk;ay;qyfcJhNyD;jzpfojzifh ¤if;tm; xda&mufap&ef aocsmqufvufoGm;ay
rnf/
]]touf}}onf atmufygwdkYteuf wpfckcktm;&nfnTef;Ekdifonf/
1/ a,½I\jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif; (8;34/ 1aum 15)
2/ a,½I\udk,fpm;jyK qkawmif;ay;jcif; (8;34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 1a,m 2;1)
3/ igwdkYtxJc&pfawmfukd yHkazmfaeol0dnmOfawmf (a&mr 8;29/ *v 4;19)
a,½I\csD;ajr§mufcHaomtouf(aumif;uifbHkodkYjyefwufjcif;-wref 2)enf;wl ajrBuD;ay:toufwm
ESifhtaocHjcif;wdkYrSmvnf; igwdkY\jyefvnfoifhjrwfaprItwGuf tajccHjzpfaMumif; aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/
5;11 ]]þrQomvQif r[kwfbJ}} ti,f 3 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
179
 ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}5;2\rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ¤if;onf þusrf;ydk'fü ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf}}
(0g<um;onf) pum;vHk;tm; oHk;BudrfajrmuftoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/
1/ bkef;awmfudk arQmfvifhítvGef0rf;ajrmufonf/ i,f-2
2/ 'ku©qif;&JcH&mü tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf -i,f 3
3/ jyefvnfoifhjrwf&mü tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf -i,f 11
tysufoabm0g<um;jcif;udk 2;17ESifh23wdkYüawGY&onf/
 ]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfa pjcif;tm; ,ck&½SdMuonf}}¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfNyD;?
NyD;jynfhpHkcJhNyD;aom vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\jyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif; (tvJtvS,fjyKjcif;)udk
ti,f 10ESifh2aum 5;18-21/ {zuf 2;16-22/ aum 1;19-23wdkYüvnf; aqG;aEG;onf/ þodkYjzifh ]]jyefvnf
oihfjrwfjcif;}}onf "r®oabmt&]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}ESifh t"dyÜg,fwlpum;jzpfonf/
NASB
(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/
/ 5;12-14
12
xdkUaMumifh tjypfonf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifh avmuodkY0ifa&mufvmum? tjypfrSwqifh
aojcif;w&m;0ifa&mufvmonf/ xdkodkYjzifh tm;vHk; aomolwdkYonf tjypfjyKMuojzifh aojcif;w&m;
onf vlom;rsm;tm;vHk;okdY jyefYESHYoGm;onf/ 13taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;rwdkifrD avmuü tjypf½Sd
cJhaomfvnf; ynwfw&m;r½SdpOf tjypfudk rrSwf,lacs/ 14odkYaomfvnf; tm'HjypfrSm;onfhtwdkif;
rjypfrSm;olrsm;ukdyifvQif aojcif;w&m;onf tm'HrS arma½Swdkifatmiftkyfpdk;\/ xdktm'Honf <uvm
vwHhaomol\yHkOyrmjzpfownf;/
5;12 ]]xdkYaMumifh}}a&mrMo0g'pmü ]]xdkYaMumifh}}qdkonfhoHk;EIef;yHktrsm;tjym;½Sdonf(5;1/ 8;1/ 12;1) teuf
jyef&mü ¤if;wdkYonf rnfonfht&mESifhqufpyfaMumif; ta&;BuD;onf/ ¤if;wdkYonf aygvkajymonfht&m
tm;vHk;udk nTef;jcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ aocsmonfrSm urÇmOD;usrf;ESifhqufpyfaeum? a&mr 1;18-32tm;
jyefvnfnTef; qdkjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
 ]]tjypfonf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifh avmuodkY0ifa&mufvmum}}ti,f 12½SdBud,mrsm;tm;vHk;
AORIST ac:NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjyonfh Bud,mrsm;jzpfonf/ tm'H\usqif;rIonf aojcif;
w&m;,laqmifvmonf/ (1aum 15;22)/ or®musrf;pmonf tjypftaMumif; #DumcsJYí ra&;om;acs/ tjypf
onf aumif;uifwrefrsm; e,fy,füvnf;jzpfay:onf/ (urÇm 3ESifh Asm 12;7-9)/ rnfodkYrnfyHkESifh rnfonfh
tcsdefüjzpfaMumif;wdkYrSmrl aocsmjcif;r½Sdacs/ (a[½Sm 14;12-27/ a,Z 28;12-19/ a,mb 4;18/ róJ
25;41/ vkum 10;18/ a,m 12;31/ Asm 12;7-9)/
tm'H\tjypfü rsufESmpmESpfrsKd;yg0ifonf/ (1) twdtusay;xm;aom trdefYwpf&yftm; remcHjcif;
(urÇm 2;16-17) ESifh (2) twåA[dkjyKaomrme (urÇm 3;5-6)/ ¤if;onf a&mr 1;18-32 upNyD; urÇmOD; 3
tm; qufvuf&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/
¤if;onf tjypfqdkif&mü aygvktm; *sL;usrf;pmq&mBuD;rsm;ESifh xif½Sm;pGm cGJxGufoGm;aponf/
*sL;usrf;pmq&mBuD;rsm;onf urÇmOD; 3ukd tajcrjyKbJ? ¤if;tpm; vlwdkif;ü ]]&nf½G,fcsufESpf&yf}} (yetzer)½Sd
onf[kqdkMuonf/ olwdkY\xifay:ausmfMum;aomtqdkrSm ]]vlom;wdkif;\ESvHk;om;xJü acG;rJwpfaumifESifh
180
acG;jzLwpfaumifpD½Sdonf/ rdrdauR;arG;jyKpkaomtaumifrSm tBuD;qHk;jzpfvmonf}}[líjzpf\/ aygvkurl
tjypfonf oefY½Sif;awmfrlol bk&m;½SifESifh rdrdzefqif;jcif;tMum; t"dutwm;tqD;jzpfonf[kjzpfonf/
aygvkonf systemetic theologian ac:"r®ynmtm; enf;pHepfjzifh ½IjrifoltrsKd;tpm;r[kwfacs/ (James
Steward \ A Man in Christ) olonf tjypf\rlv&if;jrpf tcsKdUazmfjyonf/ (1) tm'H\usqif;rI (2)
pmwef\aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;rIESifh (3) vlom;\tqufrjywfawmfvSefykefuefrI ({zuf 2;2-3)ponfwdkYjzpf
onf/
"r®oabmw&m;ü tm'HESifhc&pfawmftMum; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIESifhwlnDrIjzpfEdkifonfh oabmoufa&mufrI
ESpf&yf½Sdonf/
1/ tm'Honf yuwdppfrSefaomordkif;0if yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufjzpfonf/
2/ a,½IrSm yuwdppfrSefaomvlom;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/
þor®mw&m;ESpf&yfonf rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifrIrsm; rsufarSmufü or®musrf;pmudk twnfjzpfap
onf/ ]]vlwpfa,muf}} (one man)odkYr[kwf ]]wpfa,mufaomol}}(the one)[líxyfcgwpfvJvJ oHk;EIef;yHkudk
odrSwfyg/ tm'HESifha,½IwdkYtm; &nfnTef;onfh þenf;vrf;ESpfckudk þusrf;ydk'fü wpfBudrfoHk;onf/
 ]]vlwpfa,muf}} trsKd;tpm;jyaom þpum;pk (henos anthropou)udk tm'H (i,f 12? 16? 17? 18? 19)
odkYr[kwf a,½I (i,f 15-ESpfcg? 17-ESpfcg? 18? 19)tm; udk,fpm;jyKoHk;EIef;onf/ olwdkYonf vlwpfpk (0g)
vlYtzGJYtpnf;wpf&yf (]]rsm;pGm}} i,f 15-ESpfcg? 19-ESpfcg? ]]tm;vHk;}} i,f 12? 13? 18-ESpfcg)pDudk
udk,fpm;jyKMuonf/
 ]]tjypfrSwpfqifh aojcif;w&m;}} ADZtjypf-original sin (rl&if;tjypf)qdkaoma0g[m&udk Augustine
(A.D 354-430)u yxrqHk; topfwDxGifonf/ ¤if;onf tm'H^{0wdkY jyKcJhonfhurÇmOD; 3u a½G;cs,frI\
tusKd;qufrsm;ukd ½Sif;vif;azmfjyonf/ olwdkY\ykefuefrIonf zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk;xdcdkufonf/ vlom;
wdkYudk atmufygwdkYu xdcdkufonf/
1/ usqif;aom avmued,rwpf&yf
2/ aoG;aqmifol yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf
3/ usqif;aom obm0wpf&yf
ADZtjypfonf (12-14? 16?17)wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypfESifh wGJzufygvmum (12? 16)vlom;tm;vHk;
tjypf½Sdaponf/ tjypfonf ]]aojcif;w&m;}}tm; jzpfay:aponf/ (1;32/ 6;13? 16? 21? 23/ 7;5? 9? 10?
11? 13? 24/ 8;13)
Jerome jyKpkonfh Biblical Commentary ac:teufzGifhusrf; (pm 308)ü azmfjyonfrSm *sL;usrf;pm
q&mBuD;rsm;onf urÇmYordkif;ü umvBuD;oHk;yg;½Sdonf[lí tpOftvmtm;jzifh rSwf,lxm;Muonf[kqdk
onf/
1/ tm'HrS arma½S
2/ arma½SrS ar½Sd,
3/ ar½SdrS tem*wf (eschaton)
aygvkpdwfxJü þtydkif;vdkuf cGJjcm;rIrsm;½SdcJhonfqdkvQif atmufygtwdkif;jzpfayrnf/
1/ tm'HrS arma½S (rlvtjypf? ynwfw&m;r[kwfbJ? aojcif;w&m;jzpfonf)
2/ arma½SrS ar½Sd, (wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypf? ynwfw&m;tm; usL;vGefjcif;)
3/ ar½Sd, (aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ynwfw&m;^ynwfcsufrS vGwfajrmufjcif;)
181
 ]]aojcif;w&m;onf vlom;rsm;tm;vHk;odkY ysHUESHYoGm;onf}}þusrf;ydk'f\t"duOD;wnfcsufrSm tjypf\
aemufqufwGJjzpfaomaojcif;w&m;onf pMuFm0#mwpfckvHk; xdcdkufonf[líjzpf\/ (i,f 16-19/ 1aum
15;22/ *v 1;10)
1/ 0dnmOfaojcif; - urÇm 2;17/ 3;1-24/ a[½Sm 59;2/ a&mr 7;10-11/ {zuf 2;1/ aum 2;13/
,mukyf 1;15/
2/ cE¨mudk,faojcif; - urÇm 3;4-5/ 5;1-32
3/ xm0&aojcif; - Asm 2;11/ 20;6? 14/ 21;8
]]tm;vHk;aomolwdkYonf tjypfjyKMuojzifh}}vlom;tm;vHk;onf tm'HtxJü wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; tjypf
jyKonf/ (Oyrm-tjypf½Sdaomtaetxm;ESifh tjypfbuf,drf;,dkifjcif;tm; ADZtjzpftarGqufcHonf)xdkYaMumifh
vlom;wdkif;onf tjypfjyK&ef rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif a½G;cs,fMuNyD;? xyfcgwvJvJ xdkodkYjyKMuonf/ vlom;wdkif;
onf wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ESifh wpfOD;csif;tvdkuf tjypf½Sdolrsm;jzpfaMumif; or®musrf;pmu tav;teuf
azmfjyonf/(3"r® 8;46/ 2&mZ0if 6;36/ qm 14;1-2/ 130;3/ 143;2/ okwåH 20;9/ a' 7;20/ a[½Sm 9;17/
53;6/ a&m 3;9-18? 23/ 5;18/ 11;32/ *v 3;22/ 1a,m 1;8-10)/
þusrf;ydk'frsm; wpfckvHk;u txl;azmfjyonfrSm (i,f 15-19)tjyKtrlwpfckonf (tm'H)aojcif;jzpf
ay:apum? tjcm;tjyKtrlwpfckonf (a,½I)touf½Sifjcif;jzpfay:apaMumif;udk wpfzufüawGY&onf/ rnfodkY
jzpfap bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifhvlom;\qufpyfrItm; vlom;\]]aysmufqHk;jcif;}}ESifh]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}rsufESm
pmay: wnfaqmufonf/ vlom;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\tem*wfuHMur®mtm; zefwD;&mü rdrdwdkY\pdwfqE´ tm;jzifh
yg0ifaeMuonf! olwdkYonf tjypf(0g)c&pfawmftm; qufvufa½G;cs,fMuonf/ olwdkYonf þa½G;cs,frI
ESpf&yftm; tusKd;oufa&mufapEkdifjcif;r½SdMuaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkYonf ¤if;ESpfrsKd;teuf rnfonfht&mESifhqdkif
aMumif; rdrdwdkYpdwfqE´t& qufvufjyoaeMuonf!
]]taMumif;rlum;}}-because [líbmomjyefaompum;vHk;rSm trsm;oHk;(0g)oHk;aeusjzpfaomfvnf;
¤if;\t"dyÜg,fudk tjiif;yGg;Muavh½Sdonf/ aygvkonf eph'ho tm; 2aum 5;4/ zd 3;12 ESifh 4;10ü ]]tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf^taMumif;rlum;}}[laom t"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ xdkYaMumifh vlom;wdkif;onf tjypfxJyg0if
ygwfouf&efESifh bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuef&ef rddrdwdkYudk,fwdkif a½G;cs,fMuonf/ tcsKdUonf txl;zGifhjy
jcif;(or®musrf;pmâ,½I)tm;jiif;y,fMujcif;jzpfNyD;? tm;vHk;aomolwdkYurl obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif;
tm;jzifh jiif;qefMuukef\/ (1;18-3;20)
5;13-14 þor®mw&m;udkyif a&mr 3;20/ 4;15ESifhwref 17;30 wdkYüvnf; oGefoifonf/ vlom;wdkYü
wm0ef½SdonfrSm rdrdwdkY&Edkifonfht&m? aqmif½GufjyKvkyfEkdifonfht&may:üomvQifjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fonf
obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyrItm;qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ (qmvH 19;1-6/ a&mr 1;18-23/ 2;11-16)txl;zGifhjy
rI("r®a[mif;usrf;? a,½I? "r®opfusrf;)udkom qdkvdkonf/
ti,f 12onf ¤if;\ed*Hk;csKyfjzpfonfh ti,f 18-21ESifh ½Snfvsm;aomMum;jzwftaMumif;t&m i,f
13-17wdkYESifhrwl? oD;jcm;jzpfaMumif; NKJV uodxm;onfudk rSwfom;yg/
5;14
NASB, NKJ
NJB
]]aojcif;w&m;onf tkyfpdk;\}}
182
]]aojcif;w&m;onf pdk;rdk;jcif;jyK\}}
]]aojcif;w&m;tkyfcsKyfonf}}
NRSV
TEV
aojcif;onf bk&ifBuD;wpfyg;tvm; tkyfpdk;onf/ (i,f 17ESifh21)/ aojcif;ESifhtjypfwdkYtm; rif;qdk;
rif;npfuJhodkY vlyk*¾dKvftjzpf wifpm;oHk;EIef;yHktm; þtcef;BuD;ESifh tcef;BuD; 6wdkYwavQmufvHk;ü awGY&onf/
wurÇmvHk;ü aojcif;w&m;tm; awGYMuHK&jcif;onf wurÇmvHk;½Sdvlom;tm;vHk;ü tjypf½SdaMumif;tm; twnf
jzpfaponf/ ti,f 17ESifh21wdkYü aus;Zl;awmfukd vlyk*¾dKvftjzpf wifpm;azmfjyonf / aus;Zl ;awmf rS m
pdk;pHaeonf! vlom;rsm;ü aojcif;w&m; odkYr[kwf aus;Zl;awmftm; a½G;cs,f&ef½Sdonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü
aojcif;w&m; odkYr[kwf touf½Sifjcif;qdkonfh vrf;ESpfvrf;azmfjyonf/ w&m;a[m 11;26/ 30;1? 19)/
oifhb0tm; rnfonfht&mu tkyfpdk;aeoenf;?
 ]]tm'HjypfrSm;onftwdkif; rjypfrSm;aomolrsm;udkyifvQif}} tm'Honf bk&m;ocifay;onfh trdefYawmf
tm;csKd;azmufonf/ (urÇm 2;15-17)/ {0rSmrl xdkodkYr[kwfacs/ xdkopfyiftaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS
olrwdkuf½kdufMum;cJh&jcif ;r[kwfbJ? tm'HrSwqifhom Mum;cJh&onf/ tm'HrS arma½S\acwfumvtxd
vlom;rsm;ukd tm'H\awmfvSefykefuefrIonf tusKd;oufa&mufxdcdkuf\/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS
trd e f Y awmf w pf p H k w pf & m&½S d c J h N yD ; ¤if ; tm; usL;vG e f c J h M ujcif ; r[k w f a cs/ od k Y aomf v nf ; þ"r® o abm
\tpdwftykdif;wpfckyifjzpfaom 1;18-32ü olwdkYonf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkY&½Sdxm;aom
tvif;w&m;tm; usL;vGefazgufzsufMuojzifh awmfvSefykefuefjcif; (0g)tjypftwGuf bk&m;ocifay: wm0ef
½SdMuonfqdkonfh or®w&m;udkazmfonf/ tm'Hü½Sdaom tjypfjyK&ef ,drf;,dkifrIonf olYtquftEG,fwpfck
vHk;odkYjyefYESHYonf/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV
]]<uvmvwHhaomol\ yHkOyrmjzpfownf;}}
TEV
]]tm'Honf <uvmvwHhaomolwpfa,muf\ o@mefwpfckjzpfonf}}
NJB
]]tm'Honf <uvmvwHhaomolwpfa,muftm; BudKwifay:vGifaponf}}
þazmfjyrIonf tm'H-c&pfawmfyHkyrmjzpfjcif;tm; tvGefckdifcJhaponf/ (1aum 15;21-22? 45-49/ zd
2;6-8)/ olwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;udk jzpfpOfwpf&yf\yxr? rsKd;½dk;wpfck\rlvtptjzpf awGYjrif&onf/ (1aum 15;45
-49)/ tm'HrSm "r®opfusrf;wGif]]yHko@mef}}wpfcktjzpf azmfjyonfhwpfOD;wnf;aom "r®a[mif;usrf;rS yk*¾dKvf
jzpfonf/ (tpöa&;taMumif; 1aum 10;6üMunfhyg)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /yHko@mef(form-Tupos) tm;
6;17 üMunfhyg/
NASB
15
/ 5;15-17
odkYaomf tcrJhvufaqmifonf usL;vGefjcif;uJhodkYr[k wf/ taMumif;rlum; wpfa,mufaom
ol\usL;vGefjcif;tm;jzifh trsm;aomolwdkYonf aoqHk;cJhMuonfqdkvQif wpfa,mufaomoljzpfaom
a,½Ic&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh vufaqmifawmfonf trsm;aom
olwdkYwGif ydkí<u,f0 onf/ 16vufaqmifawmfonf tjypfjyKolwpfa,muftm;jzifh a&muf½Sdvmaom
t&muJhodkYr [kwfacs/ taMumif;rlum; wpfckaomusL;vGefrIonf jypf'PfuscHaponfh w&m;pD&ifrI
jzpfyGg;apaomfvnf;? tjcm;wbufürl usL;vGefjcif;rsm;pGmrS jzpfay:aomtcrJhvufaqmifonf
183
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sdaponf/ 17taMumif;rlum; wpfa,mufaomol\usL;vGefjcif;tm;jzifh aojcif;
w&m;onf xdkwpfa,mufolrSwqifh tkyfpdk;onfqdkygu? <u,f0aomaus;Zl;awmfESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;
vufaqmif vufcH&½Sdolrsm;onf wpfa,mufaomol a,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh touf½Sifum? ydkípdk;pH
Muvdrfhrnf/
5;15-19 ¤if;onf tvm;wlpum;pkrsm;jzifh usKd;aMumif;jyum? qufvufaqG;aEG;rIwpf&yfjzpfonf/ NASB,
4
NRSV ESifh TEVwdkYonf usrf;ydk'fudk ti,f 18ü pmydk'fcGJonf/ odkYaomf UBS , NKJVESifhJB wdkYonf pmydk'f
wpfydk'ftjzpf bmomjyefonf/ rl&if;pma&;ol\&nf½G,fcsuftm; teufjyef&efaomhcsufrSm pmydk'fwpfydk'fpDü
t"duor®mw&m;wpfckpDjzpfaMumif;tm; owd&yg/
ti,f 15ESifh19wdkY½Sd ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}}[laompum;onf ti,f 12ESifh18wdkUü½Sdonfh]]tm;vHk;}}ESifh
t"dyÜg,fwljzpfaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ a[½Sm, 53;11-12ESifh ti,f 6wdkYüvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ þa0g
[m&ESpfcktm; "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m uGJjym;jcm;em;rI (uJvfAif\a½G;aumufjcif;jzpfonf[laomtqdkESifh
a½G;aumufjcif;r[kwf[laom tqdkESpf&yf)tjzpf,l&efr[kwfacs/
5;15]]tcrJhvufaqmifawmf}} þusrf;ydk'f½Sd ]]vufaqmif}}pum;vHk;ü *&dpum;vHk;ESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh charisma
i,f 15? 16(6;23)ESifh dorea ^dorama i,f 15? 16? 17(3;24\rSwfcsufüvnf;Munfhyg)wdkYoHk;aomfvnf;
t"dyÜg,fwljzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm u,fwifjcif;owif;aumif;ppfppfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;udkay;
onfh a,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh(3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8?9)bk&m;ocifay;aom tcrJhvufaqmifawmfjzpfonf/
]]vQif}}¤if;onf yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufygaom0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\½IYawmifhrS rSefonf[krSwf,laom
t&m odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ tm'H\tjypfonf vlom;wdkif;xH aojcif;w&m;,laqmifvmonf/
¤if;onf ti,f 17ESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/
]]<u,f0}}txl;taMumif;t&m 15;13üMunfhyg/
5;16 ]]jypf'PfuscHapjcif;...ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}þa0g[m&ESpfckpvHk; w&m;½kH;awmfESifhqdkifaom Oya'a0g
[m&rsm;jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf ya&mzufwpfyg;\w&m;a'oemtm; w&m;cGifoabmjzifh wifjyavh
½Sdonf/ aygvkonf þoabmudkyifoHk;onf/ (a&mr 8;1? 31-34)/
5;17]]vQif}}¤if;onf pma&;ol\½Iaxmifhü trSef[krSwf,lxm;aomt&m odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonfh
tjcm;aomyxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ tm'H\usL;vGefrIonf vlom;tm;vHk; aoqHk;oGm;ap
onf/
]]vufcH&½Sdolrsm;onf...ydkí}}ti,f 18-19rSm "r®moabmt& [efcsufrnDacs/ þpum;pkudk a&mr 18 xJ yg½SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrS oD;jcm;cGJxkwfír&onfh tjyifvlom;tm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;&½Sdvdrfhrnfqdkaom
Mo0g'twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpfvnf; oHk;í&onfr[kwfacs/ vlom;onf c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif
ay;prf;onfht&mudk vufcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf/ (i,f 17)/ u,fwifjcif;onf vlwdkif;&Ekdifaomt&mjzpfaomf
vnf;? wpfOD;csif;taejzifh vufcHrIjyK&efjzpfonf/ (a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/
tm'HjyKonfhwpfckaom awmfvSefykefuefrIonf vlom;tm;vHk; t<uif;rJawmfvSefykefuefrIjzpfyGg;ap
onf/ wpfckwnf;aom tjypf½SdonfhtjyKtrlonf tus,fcsJUjcif;cH&onf/ odkYaomf wpfckaomajzmifhrwfonfh
184
,Zfaumiftjzpf ylaZmfaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckonf wpfOD;csif;\tjypfrSmenf;wl wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;aom
tjypf\tusKd;oufa&mufrI c&pfawmftxJ zHk;tkyfjcif;&½SdoGm;aponf/ c&pfawmf\ ]]ydkíomvGefaom}}vkyf
aqmifrIudk tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 9? 10 ?15? 17)/ aus;Zl;awmfrSm ydkí<u,f0onf/
5;17]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmif&½Sdolrsm;onf touf½Sifvsuf...pdk;pHMuvdrfhrnfh...toufESifh,SOfaom
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}a,½Ionf usqif;aomvlom;tm;vHk;\0dnmOfa&;&m vdktyfrIrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\
vufaqmifESihfaxmufyHhrIjzpfonf/ (1aum 1;30)/ tvm;wljzpfaom þusrf;NydKifrsm;\ jzpfEkdifaomt"dyÜg,f
rsm;rSm
1/ tjypf½Sdaomvlom;tm; bk&m;ocifESifhqkdifaom rSefuefonfh&yfwnfcsufudk c&pfawmf\NyD;pD;cJh
aomtvkyfrSwqifh ay;tyfNyD;? ¤if;onf ]]bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom toufwm}}udk jzpfay:aponf/
2/ þpum;pkrSm ]]xm0&touf}}ESifh t"dyÜg,fwljzpfonf/ usrf;pum;qufpyfrIoabmonf eHygwf
wpfudkaxmufcHonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;taMumif; pum;vHk;avhvmrItm; txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17
üMunfhyg/
]]pdk;pH}}[laomBud,mudk þusrf;ydk'fü t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzihfoHk;onf/
1/ ]]aojcif;w&m;onf tm'HrSarma½Swdkifatmif pdk;pHonf/}}i,f 14/(AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE )
2/ ]]aojcif;w&m;onf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifhpdk;pHonf}}i,f 17 (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
3/ ]]<u,f0aomaus;Zl;awmfESihf ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmif&½Sdolrsm;onf touf½Sifvsufydkípdk;pHMu
vdrfhrnf}}i,f 17 (FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
4/ ]]tjypfw&m;onf aojcif;w&m;tm;jzifh pdk;pH\/}}i,f 21 (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
5/ ]]aus;Zl;w&m;onf pdk;pHvdrfhrnf}}i,f 21 (AORIST ACTIVE SUBJECTIVE)
6/ ]]tjypfw&m;udk tpdk;r&apMuESifh}} 6;21 (AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE)
aygvkonf tjypfw&m;ESifh aojcif;w&m;wdkYtm; aus;Zl;awmfESihftNydKif azmfjy&mü ouf½Sdtvm;wif
pm;rIrSm "r®or®mw&m;tm; azmfjy&mü tm;ygvSaomazmfjyrI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;
c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;[lonf ]]bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf}}[laom ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh "r®oabm\
tpdwftydkif;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;\ppfrSefaombk&ifjzpfonf (1"r® 8;7)qdkonfh
"r®a[mif;usrf;t,ltq\tqufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,k'qdkonfhrsKd;EG,fwpfckESifh (urÇm 49;10)
a,½SJ\rdom;pk (2"r® 7)trSwftom;jzifh tkyfcsKyfonf (1"r® 8;7/ 10;17-19)/
a,½IrSm ar½Sd,ESifhqkdifaom "r®a[mif;usrf;\uwdawmf jynfhpHk&mjzpfonf/ olonf AufvifNrdKUü
vlYZmwdcH,l(vltjzpf0ifpm;)jcif;ESifhtwl bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\
EkdifiHawmfonf a,½Ia[mMum;onfh w&m;pum;\yifrwdkifBuD;jzpfvmcJhonf/ EkdifiHawmfonf olYtxJü
tjynfht0a&muf½Sd vmcJhonf/ (róJ 10;7/ 11;12/ 12;28/ rmuk 1;15/ vkum 10;9? 11/ 11;20/ 16;16/
17;20-21)/
odkYaomf EkdifiHawmf[lonf tem*wfvnf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk pwifzGifhvSpfcJhaomfvnf; tqHk;rowfcJh
acs/ (róJ 6;10/ 8;11/ 16;28/ 22;1-14/ 26;29/ vkum 9;27/ 11;2/ 13;29/ 14;10-24/ 22;16? 18)/
a,½Ionf tpyxrü 'ku©qif;&JcHpm;aom tapcHwpfa,muftjzpf (a[½Sm 52;13-53/ 12)ESdrfhcspGm
<uvmcJhonfrSef aomfvnf; (Zm 9;9) olonf bk&ifwumwdkY\bk&ifBuD;tjzpf jyefvnf<uvmOD;rnfjzpf
185
onf/ (róJ 2;2/ 21;5/ 27;11-14)/ ]]pdk;pHjcif;}}[laomoabmonf þ]]EkdifiHawmf}}ac: "r®oabm\tpdwf
tydkif;wpfckjzpf aMumif; aocsmonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þEkdifiHawmftm; a,½I\aemufvdkufrsm;udk ay;tyf
cJhNyD;jzpfonf/(vkum 12;32üMunfhyg/)
a,½IESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;qdk&mü tjrifESifhar;cGef;trsKd;rsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; ]]EkdifiHawmf}}udk c&pfawmfrSwpfqifh ay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf[kqdk&mü
]]pdk;pHjcif;}}udk &nfnTef;ygovm;? (róJ 5;3? 10/ vkum 12;32)
2/ *sL;vlrsKd;ESifhqdkifaom yxr&mpktwGif; rlvwynfhawmfrsm;udkajymonfh a,½I\pum;rsm;onf
,HkMunfolrsm;tm;vHk;udkyg &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfygoavm? (róJ 19;28/ vkum 22;28-30)
3/ ,ckb0ü pdk;pHjcif;tm; tav;teufjyKonfh aygvk\azmfjyrIonf txufygusrf;ydk'fESifh qefYusif
aeygovm; (0g)yHhydk;ygovm;? (a&mr 5;17/ 1aum 4;8)
4/ 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif;ESifh pdk;pHjcif;wdkY rnfuJhodkYqufpyfoenf;? (a&mr 8;17/ 2wd 2;11-12/ 1ay
4;13/ Asm 1;9)
5/ Asm'dwfusrf;ü jyefay:vmonfh OD;wnfcsufrSm c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; xdkpdk;pHrIrSm
(u) ajrBuD;ay:wGifjzpfonf 5;10
(c) tESpfwpfaxmifqdkif&mjzpfonf 20;5? 6
(*) xm0&jzpfonf 2;26/ 3;21/ 22;5ESifh 'H 7;14? 18? 27/
NASB
(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 5;18-21
18
xdkYaMumifh wckaomusL;vGefjcif;rSwqifh vltaygif;wdkYonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH&onfenf;
wl? wpfckaomajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfaqmifrIonf vltaygif;wdkYtm; touf½Sifjcif; ESifh,SOfaom ajzmifh
rwfapjcif;&½Sdaponf/ 19taMumif;rlum;? wpfa,mufaomol\em;raxmifrIonf vltrsm;wdkYudk
tjypfom;rsm;jzpfaponfenf;wl? wpfa,mufaomol\em;axmifjcif;onf vltrsm;wdkYudk ajzmifhrwf
olrsm;jzpfapvdrfhrnf/ 20usL;vGefrI BuD;xGm;vmap&ef ynwfw&m;awmf0ifvmaomfvnf;? tjypf
BuD;xGm;onfwGif aus;Zl;awmfrSm ydkí<u,f0 \/ 21taMumif;rSm tjypfw&m;onf aojcif;tm;jzifh
tpdk;&onfenf;wl aus;Zl;awmfonf igwdkYo cifa,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh xm0&touf&½Sdapaom
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;rSwqifh tpdk;&vdrfhownf;/
5;18
]]...onfenf;wl? wpfckaomajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfaqmifrIonf vltaygif;wdkYtm; touf½Sifjcif;
ESifh,SOfaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;&½Sdaponf/}}
NKJV ]]...onf e nf ; wl wpf a ,muf a omvl \ ajzmif h r wf a omvk y f a qmif r I t m;jzif h tcrJ h v uf a qmif o nf
vlom;tm;vHk;odkYa&muf½Sdonf/}}
NRSV ]]od k Y j zif h wpf a ,muf a omvl \ ajzmif h r wf a omvk y f a qmif r I o nf vl w d k i f ; tm; ajzmif h r wf a pjcif ;
ESifhtouf½Sifjcif;odkY OD;aqmifvrf;jyonf}}
TEV ]]xd k e nf ; twk d i f ; wpf c k a omajzmif h r wf j cif ; onf vl o m;tm;vH k ; vG w f a jrmuf a pum? ol w d k Y u d k
toufay;onf}}
NJB ]]od k Y j zif h wpf a ,muf a omol \ aumif ; aomvk y f a qmif r I o nf vl w d k i f ; tm; touf ½ S i f a pum?
olwdkYudk ajzmifhrwfaponf}}
NASB
186
vlwdkif;u,fwifjcif;&rnf (universalism)[kqdkvdkjcif;um; r[kwfacs/ þtcef;i,fwpfckwnf;udk
omuGufí,lum? a&mrMo0g'pmwpfusrf;vHk;tm; þusrf;ydk'f\taMumif;t&mESifh wpfjcm;pDcGJvsuf teuf
jyef&ef um;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;onf a,½I\touf^taocHjcif;ESifh jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif; tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;
&EdkifaMumif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ ay;prf;aom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk vlom;onf aemifw&jcif;ESifh
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyK&ygrnf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19? 20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf
tpjyKavh½SdonfrSefaomfvnf; (a,m 6;44? 65)vlwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf wkHUjyefrIjyKMu&efjzpfonf/ (róJ
11;28-29/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16 ESifha&mr 10;9-13)/ olonf wpfurÇmvHk;udk ay;urf;onfrSef aomfvnf;
(1wd 2;4? 6/ 2ay 3;9/ 1a,m 2;2)zHk;uG,faeaomtjypfrSm vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkY wHkYjyefrIrjyKMu jcif;jzpfonf/
]]ajzmifhrwfaomvkyfaqmifjcif;}}[kqdk&mü atmufygwdkYteufwpfckckjzpfonf/
1/ a,½I\toufwmwpf&yfvHk;ESifh crnf;awmfbk&m;\tjynfhtpHk zGifhjyaomoGefoifrI
2/ tjypf½Sdaomvlom;udk,fpm; ol\taocHjcif;/
vlwpfa,muf\toufwmonf (*sL;vlrsKd;tm;vHk; tm;xdcdkuf-a,½I 7)tm;aomolwdkYtm; xdcdkuf
onfenf;wl? tjypfuif;pif olwpfa,muf\toufwmonf tm;vHk;aomolwdkYtm; tusKd;oufa&mufonf/
(0wfjyK 1-7? 16)þvkyfaqmifrIESpf&yfwdkYrSm tvm;wljcif;omjzpfNyD;? nDwljzpfae jcif;r[kwfacs/ tm'H\
toufwmonf vlom;tm;vHk; xdckdufaomfvnf; a,½I\toufwmurl tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;tm; vufcHolrsm;udkomvQif vufawGYtusKd;jyKonf/ a,½I\tjyKtrlonfvnf; olYtm;
,HkMunfum? vufcHoljzpfonfh twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifhtem*wfvlom;tm;vHk;\tjypftm; tusKd;oufa&muf
onf!
5;18-19]]vltaygif;wdkYonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH...vltaygif;wdkYonf touf½Sifjcif;ESifh,SOfaom
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&...trsm;aomolwdkYudk ajzmifhrwfolrsm;jzpfapvdrfhrnf}}/ ¤if;wdkYrSm ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}}
[lonfha0g[m&onf uefYowfrIr[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;udkjcHKí ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyonfhtvm;wl pum;pk
rsm;jzpfonf/ tvm;wlusrf;ydk'fudk a[½Sm 53;6 ]]tm;vHk;}}ESifh a[½Sm 53;11? 12 ]]trsm;aomol}}wdkYü
awGY&onf/ ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}}[lonfha0g[m&tm; u,fwifjcif;udk vlom;tm;vHk;odkY bk&m;ocifay;urf;
jcif;tm; uefYowfonfht"dyÜg,fjzifh toHk;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ (uJvfAJ'f\a½G;cs,fjcif;ESifh a½G;cs,fjcif;[lír½Sd
[laom pifNydKifoGefoifrI)
tqdkygBud,mwdkYrSm tjyKcH (PASSIVE)Bud,mrsm;jzpfaMumif; odrSwfyg/ ¤if;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\vkyf
aqmifrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmfwpfck(csKd;azmufcHaom pHcsdefwpfck)twGif; vlonf
tjypf½Sdoljzpfum? bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmfwpfck(tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf)twGif; olwdkYonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½SdMu
onf/
5;19]]wpfa,mufaomol\em;raxmifjcif;...wpfa,mufaomol\em;axmifjcif;}}/aygvkonf"r®a[mif;
usrf;\wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif; "r®oabmtm; toHk;jyKonf/ vlwpfa,muf\tjyKtrlonf vlYtzGJY
tpnf;wpfckvHk; xdcdkufonf/ (a,m½I 7utmcefY)? tm'HESifh{0wdkY\pum; em;raxmifjcif;onf zefqif;aom
t&mtm;vHk;ay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;oufa&mufaponf/ (urÇmOD; 3)/ tm'H\awmfvSefykef
uefrI tusKd;qufonf zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk; xdckdufonf/ (8;18-25)/ urÇmajrBuD;rSm cgwdkif;uJhJodkY
r[kwfawmhNyD/ aojcif;w&m;onf urÇmajrBuD;ay: touf½SiforQt&mcyfodrf;ay: a&muf½SdvmcJhygNyD/ (urÇm
5)/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif&nf½G,fxm;onfh urÇmrsKd;r[kwfawmhNyD!
¤if;enf;wl wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;aom oabmt"dyÜg,fjzifh a,½I\emcHaom? vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpf
onfh um&meDukef;ay:u vkyfaqmifcsufonf (1) acwfopfwpfck (2) topfaomvlrsKd;wpfrsKd;ESifh (3)
187
y#dnOfw&m;opfwpf&yftm; jzpfyGg;aponf/ udk,fpm;jyKaom þ"r®oabmukd ]]tm'H-c&pfawmfyHkaqmifjcif;}}
(the Adam-Christ typology)[kac:onf/(zd 2;6)/ a,½IrSm 'kwd,ajrmuf tm'Hjzpfonf/ olonf usqif;cJh
NyD;aom vlom;rsm;\ topfaomtpjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
]]ajzmif h r wf o l r sm;jzpf a pvd r f h r nf } }txl;taMumif;t&m
1;17 Munfhyg/
5;20
NASB ]]usL;vG e f r I B uD ; xG m ;ap&ef ynwf w &m;0if v m}}
NKJV ]]xd k Y j yif tjypf y G g ;ap&ef ynwf w &m;0if v monf } }
NRSV ]]od k Y a omf ynwf w &m;0if v mum? tusKd ; quf t jzpf vG e f u sL;jcif ; yG g ;rsm;vmaponf } }
TEV ]]rS m ;,G i f ; aomtjyKtrl r sm; wd k ; yG g ;ap&ef ynwf a wmf p wif 0 if v monf } }
NJB ]]ynwf a wmf 0 if v monf h t cg ¤if ; rS m usqif ; jcif ; tcG i f h t a&;tm; wd k ; yG g ;ap&ef j zpf o nf } }
ynwfawmf\&nf½G,fcsufrSm rnfonfhtcgürQ vlom;tm; u,fwif&efr[kwfcJhbJ? usqif;aom
vlom;\vkdtyfcsufESihf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaejcif;tm; jyo&efjzpfNyD;? ({zuf 2;1-3)xdkodkYaomtm;jzifh olwdkYudk
c&pfawmfxH ydkYaqmif&efjzpfonf/ (3;20/ 4;15/ 7;5/ *v 3;19? 23-26)/ ynwfw&m;rSm aumif;rGefonf
rSefaomfvnf; vlom;rSmrl tjypfESifhjynfhvsuf½Sdonf! (a&mr 7)
]]aus;Zl;awmfonf ydkí<u,f0\}}/ ¤if;onf þu@mefaygvk\t"du wGef;tm;jzpfonf/ tjypfonf
pufqkwfzG,f&maumif;pGm jyefYESHYaeaomfvnf; aus;Zl;awmfonf <u,f0vsuf½Sdum? aoqHk;rIjzpfyGg;apaom
¤if;\vTrf;rdk;rIxuf vGefuJonf! ¤if;onf awmifyHaygufump yxrwpf&mpktoif;awmftwGuf cGeftm;&
p&mjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf c&pfawmfxJü atmifEkdifolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (5;9-11/ 8;31-39/ 1a,m 5;4)/
¤if;rSm ydkítjypfrsm;rsm;vkyf&ef vdkifpifr[kwfacs! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm;
aygvktoHk;jyKyHk 1;30üMunfhyg/ ti,f 15ütoHk;jyKonfh a&mr 15;13u qufpyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;
(taMumif;-about)tm; ¤if;\txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
5;21]]tjypf}}ESifh]]aus;Zl;awmf}}ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm; bk&ifrsm;tjzpf vluJhodkYwifpm;xm;onf/ tjypfonf wpfurÇm
vHk;qdkif&m aojcif;w&m;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;onf/ (i,f 14? 17)/ aus;Zl;awmfonf oGufoGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwf
jcif;w&m;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;onf/ xdkajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;rSm a,½Ic&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhonfhtvkyf ,HkMunfolonf
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIrSwqifh &½Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;awmf topfjzpfaom? c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtjzpfjzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;onfvnf;
c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHMuonf/ (5;17/ 2wd 2;12/ Asm 22;5)/ þt&mudk ajrBuD;ay:ü(odkY) tESpfwpfaxmif
tkyfpdk;rIü awGYjrif&onf/ (Asm 5;9-10/ 20)/ or®musrf;pmonfvnf; EkdifiHawmfudk oefY½Sif;olrsm;tm;
ay;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif; or®mw&m;tm; tcdkiftrmajymygonf/ (róJ 5;3? 10/ vkum 12;32/ {zuf 2;5-6)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;taMumif;tm; 5;17? 18üMunfhyg/
aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;
tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;
188
onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh
1/ bk&m;ocif\]]ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}}tm; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufay;yg/
2/ ]]&yfwnfcsufqdkif&m oefY½Sif;apjcif;}} ESifh ]]wdk;wufjzpfay:aomydkifqdkifjcif;}}wdkY\"r®oabmw&m;t&
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrSm tb,fenf;?
3/ igwdkYu,fwifjcif;&onfrSm aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhavm(odkY) ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhavm? ({zuf 2;8-9)
4/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf tb,faMumifh 'ku©qif;&JcHMuoenf;?
5/ igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;&cJhMuNyD (odkY)u,fwifjcif;&aeMuqJjzpfonf(odkY)u,fwifjcif;&½SdMuvdrfhrnf[k
qdk&mü rnfonfht&menf;?
6/ igwdkYonf tjypfjyKí tjypfom;rsm;jzpfaeMujcif;avm (odkY) tjypfom;rsm;jzpfaeMujcif;aMumifh tjypfjyK
7/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}} ]]u,fwifonf}} ESifh]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfaponf}}qdkonfh a0g[m&rsm;onf þoifcef;
pm 5twGif; rnfuJhodkY qufpyfaeoenf;?
8/ bk&m;ocifonf vGefcJhaomESpfaygif;axmifESifhcsDumvü touf½SifcJhol? tjcm;aomvlwpfa,muf\tjypf
aMumifh uREfkyftm;wm0ef½Sdonf[k tb,faMumihf qGJoGif;&oenf;? (i,f 12-21)
9/ tm'HrS arma½StMum;umvü tjypfudktjypf[k rrSwf,lcJhbl;qdkvQif ¤if;umvtwGif; vlwdkif;tb,f
aMumifh aoqHk;cJhMuoenf;? (i,f 13-14)
10/ ]]tm;vHk;}}ESifh]]trsm;}}wdkYonf t"dyÜg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;[kwfygovm;? (i,f 18-19/a[½Sm 53;6? 11 12)
189
a&mr 6
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vdkufcGJjcif;
UBS4
tjypftwGuf
aoaomfvnf;
c&pfawmfxJ½Sif
6;1-11
6;12-14
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
\uRef
6;15-23
NKJV
NRSV
tjypftwGufao?
bk&m;twGuf½Sif
c&pfawmfESifhtwl
aojcif;ESifh½Sifjcif;
6;1-14
6;1-4
6;5-11
tjypf\uRef
tjzpfrSbk&m;
\uReftjzpfodkY
6;15-23
TEV
tjypftwGuf
aoaomfvnf;
c&pfawmftxJ½Sif
6;1-4
6;5-11
6;12-14
uRefcHjcif;
ESpfrsKd;
6;12-14
ajzmifhrwfjcif;
\uRef
6;15-19
6;15-19
6;20-23
6;20-23
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm
xi
NJB
AdwåZH
6;1-7
6;8-11
oefY½Sif;jcif;?
tjypftm;
ocifwif&ef
tjypfrjyK
6;12-14
c&pf,mef
onftjypf\
uReftjzpfrS
vGwf
6;15-19
tjypf\tc
ESifhajzmifhrwf
jcif;\tc
6;20-23
Munfh)
r[kwfacs/
þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ...pojzifh
190
u/ tcef;BuD; 6;1-8;39onf pdwful;tpkwpfckjzpfum? c&pf,mefESifhtjypf\qufpyfrI (oefY½Sif;pifMu,f
apjcif;)taMumif;jzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\rxdkufwef
aom tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfukd tajcjyKjcif;jzpfojzifh (3;21-5;21)txufygtaMumif;t&mrSm tvGefta&;
BuD;onf/ odkYjzifh tjypfonf ,HkMunfoludk rnfodkYxdckdufoenf;? tcef;BuD; 6 onf t,ltqESpfckjzpf
onfh ti,f 1ESifh15udk tajcjyKonf/ ti,f 1onf 5;20ESifhqufpyfum? ti,f 15onf 6;14 ESifh
qufpyfonf/ yxrt&m\tjypfESifhqufpyfrIrSm touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH (PRESENT TENSE-ypöyÜef)jzpfNyD;?
'kwd,t&m\ tjypfESifh qufpyfrIrSm wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypf (AORIST TENSE)jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif ti,f
1-14 onf ,HkMunfolrsm; tjypf\pdk;rdk;rIrS vGwfajrmufrIudkajymNyD;? ti,f 15-23onf bk&m;ocif
tm; tapcH&ef ,HkMunfolrsm;\ vGwfajrmufrIudkazmfjyum? olwdkYonf ,cifu tjypftm; t<uif;rJh?
tjynfhtpHkESifh pdwfygvufyg tapcHcJhMuonfhtwkdif;yifjzpfaMumif; ajymygonf/
c/ oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;onf atmufygESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4üMunfhyg)
1/ &yfwnfcsufwpfck (ajzmifhrwfjcif;enf;wl u,fwifjcif;&csdefü oGyfoGif;ay;onf-3;21-5;21)
2/ c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwljcif;
(u) þor®mw&m;udk 6;1-8;39ü "r®oabmw&m;jzifh azmfjyonf/
(c) 12;1/15;13 ü þt&mudkyif vufawGYusifhoHk;rIjzifhazmfjyonf/(txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 üMunfhyg/
*/ teufzGifholrsm;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;wdkY\ or®musrf;enf;
ust"dyÜg,frsm; ydkrdkem;vnfEkdifap&ef ¤if;wdkYtm; "r®oabmw&m;jzifh cGJjcm;avh½SdMuonf/ trSefrSm
¤if;wdkYonf aus;Zl;awmf\wpfNydKifeufwnf;jyKaom (&yfwnfrIqdkif&m-1aum 1;30/ 6;11)vkyfaqmifrI
jzpfonf/ ¤if; wdkY\vkyfaqmifrI,EÅ&m;rSm twlwlyifjzpfNyD; a,½I\toufwm? taocHjcif;ESifhjyef½Sif
xajrmufjcif;^jyefwufjcif;wdkYtm;jzifh ay:vGifonfhbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfjzpfum? ¤if;udk ,HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&½Sd onf/ ({zuf 2;8-9)
C/ þtcef;BuD;ü c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\om;wdkYonf pHkvifjynfh0pGm &ifhusufEdkifpGrf;½SdyHkudk oGefoif
onf/(1a,m 3;6?9/ 5;18)/ tcef;BuD; 7ESifh 1a,m 1;8-2;1onf,HkMunfolrsm; qufvufí trSefyif
tjypfuif;pifvsuf touf½SifMuyHktm;jyonf/
tjypfvTwfjcif;taMumif; aygvk\tjriftm; trsm;qHk;wdkufcdkufMuonfrSm (aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfaprI&½Sdjcif;)udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&müjzpfonf/ *sL;rsm;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifh
tnD aocsmayguf touf½Sifjcif;jzpfapvdkMuojzifh topfajymif;vJvmolrsm;tm; arma½S\ynwfw&m;
udk vdkufusifhapvdkMuonf/ aygvk\tjrifudk vltcsKdUonf tjypfjyK&ef cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpif tjzpf½Ijrifxm;
Muum? xdkodkY trSefyifjyKoltcsKdUvnf;½SdaMumif; todtrSwfjyK&rnfomjzpfonf/ (1? 15/ 2ay 3;1516)/ aygvk ,HkMunfonfrSm jyifyef;o@mefjzpfonfh Oya'otm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfjcif;
tm;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom? c&pfawmfESifhwlonfh aemufvdkufrsm; arG;xkwfvdrfhrnf[líjzpfonf/
trSefrSm ¤if;onf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;(w&m;a[m 27-28)ESifh y#dnOfw&m;opf (a,&rd 31;31-34/
a,Z 36;26-27)wdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIjzpfonf/
i/ &epfr*Fvmonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ôefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;\ 0dnmOfydkif;ppfrSefrItm; ½kyfypönf;tm;jzifh
xif½Sm;pGmjyorIwpfckjzpfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmü &yfwnfrIqdkif&moefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (ajzmifhrwfaprI
&½Sdjcif;)ESifh? vufawGYtm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;(c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;)ESpfrsKd;vHk;tm; tav;teufjyK
191
azmfjyonf/]]twloN*ØKvfcHjcif;}}(i,f 4)onf ]]vuf0g;uyfwkdifü twl½kdufxm;cHjcif;}}(i,f 6)ESifh tvm;
wljzpfonf/
p/ c&pf,meftoufwmü pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifh tjypftm;atmifjrif&ef aomhcsufrsm;rSm
1/ oifonf c&pfawmftxJü rnfolrnf0gjzpfaeaMumif; od½Sdyg/ oifhtwGuf c&pfawmfrnfonfht&m
vkyfay;cJhaMumif; odxm;yg/ oifonf tjypfrSvGwfajrmufaeoljzpfonf! oifonf tjypfbufü^t
jypftwGuf vlaojzpfaeayNyD!
2/ rdrdaeYpOftoufwm\ tajctaersm;ü c&pfawmftxJ rdrd\&yfwnfrIESifhudkufnDpGm touf½Sifyg/
3/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk t&ifyxrcspfawmfrlcJhum? uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf olYudk,folay;tyfol
t½Sifay: aus;Zl;wifum? cspfaomtm;jzifh olYtm;tapcHMu&ygrnf!
4/ c&pf,meftoufwmrSm obm0vGeftoufwmjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;uJhodkYyif bk&m;ocif
onf c&pfawmftxJay;aom vufaqmifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ¤if;udktpjyKay;um? ¤if;\
wefcdk;udk axmufyHhjyifqifay;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf tpjyK&müvnf;aumif;? aeYpOfüvnf;aumif;
aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKMu&ygrnf/
5/ tjypfudk upm;p&moabmjzifh prf;oyfrupm;&/ ¤if;tm; t½Sdtwdkif;jrifxm;yg/ ¤if;udka½Smif½Sm;yg/
¤if;xHrS xGufajy;yg/ pHkprf;aoG;aqmif&mae&mü oifhudk,foif ae&mrcsygESifh/
6/ ,HkMunfoltxJ tjypfonf t&ufaopmcGJjcif;uJhodkYjzpfí &onfrSefaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyKEkdif&ef {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;? 0dnmOfawmf\usdef;0yfjcif;wdkYtm; odrSwf&efvdktyfum? tcsdef? tm;xkwfrIESifh pdwfqE´
½SdrIrsm;vdktyfonf/
pum;vHk;ESihfpum;pkavhvmrI
1
odkYjzpfvQif? tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf; ? aus;Zl;awmfwdk;yGg;ap&ef? qufvufítjypfjyKMuOD;
rnfavm? 2xdkodkY rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpf&/ tjypfüaocJhNyD;ol uRefawmfwdkYonf tjypfjyKvsuf
¤if;txJ rnfodkYtouf½Sifum aeMuOD;rnfenf; ? 3odkYr[kwf c&pfawmfa,½ItxJodkY AdwåZHjyKjcif;
cHcJhNyD;ol igwdkYtm;vHk;onf ol\taocHawmfrljcif;üvnf; AdwåZHjyKjcif;cHcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif; oifwdkY rod
Muoavm? 4odkYjzpfí ol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü olESifhtwl AdwåZHjyKjcif; cHjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf
olESifhtwl oN*ØKvfjcif;cHcJhMu\/ crnf;awmf\ bkef; wefcdk;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf vlaorsm;teufrS
xawmfrlonfenf;wl? igwdkYonfvnf; topfaomb0 toufwmü avQmufvSrf;EdkifMuap&efjzpf\/
5
taMumif;rlum; olaoqHk;ouJhodkY aoqHk;oltjzpf olESifhtwl aygif;pyfcJhMuNyDqdkvQif? oiftouf
jyef½Sifí xonfenf; wl igwdkYonfvnf; {ueftrSefjzpfMuvdrfhrnf/ 6tjypfESifhqdkifaom igwdkY\
cE¨mudk,fonf zsufpD;cHjcif;iSg? igwdkY\Zmwda [mif;onf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm taoowf
jcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;tm;od½Sdvsuf igwdkYonf tjypftm; aemufxyfuRefcHjcif; rjyKMurnftaMumif;
7
wnf;/ taMumif;rlum; aoqHk;cJhNyD;olonf tjypfrSvGwfajrmuf\/
192
6;1
NASB ]]aus;Zl ; awmf w d k ; yG g ;ap&ef quf v uf í tjypf j yKMuOD ; rnf a vm ?}}
NKJV ]]aus;Zl ; awmf < u,f 0 ap&ef quf v uf í tjypf j yKMuOD ; rnf a vm ?}}
NRSV ]]aus;Zl ; awmf < u,f 0 ap&ef quf v uf í tjypf j yKMu&OD ; rnf a vm ?}}
TEV ]]bk & m;ocif \ aus;Zl ; awmf wd k ; yG g ;ap&ef tjypf t xJ quf v uf t ouf ½ S i f M u&OD ; rvm; ?}}
NJ
]]aus;Zl;awmfonf ydkrdkBuD;rm;aomtcGifhaumif; &½Sdap&ef igwdkYonftjypfxJ qufvuf½SdaeMu
&rnf qdkonfhoabmyJjzpfygovm;?}}
¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE ac: pdwfqE´tm; azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ xkwfvdkaomar;cGef;
trSefrSm c&pf,mefwdkYonf ]]tjypfü tNrJ½Sdae&ef}}avm? (0g)tjypftm;]]ayGYydkuf&ef}}avm?[líjzpfonf/ þ
ar;cGef;onf 5;20udk aemufjyefvSnfhMunfhonf/ aus;Zl;awmftm; tvTJoHk;pGJEkdifonfh tvm;tvm (1a,m
3;6? 9/ 5;18)ESifhpyfvsOf;í aygvkonf jiif;qdkol (a0befjypfwifol)½Sdav[efyHkpH a&;om;rIrsKd;oHk;onf/
bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh *½kPawmfonf awmfvSefykefuefaomtoufwmü usifvnf&ef vkyfydkifcGifh
vdkifpifr[kwfacs/
c&pfawmfaMumifh aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhay;aom u,fwifjcif;vufaqmifjzpfonfh aygvk\tcrJh
owif;aumif;onf ajzmifhrwfaomtouf½Sifjcif;qdkif&mudpöü ar;cGef;rsm;pGmjzpfay:aponf/ tcrJhvuf
aqmifonf udk,fusihfw&m;tm; rnfuJhodkYajzmifhrSefapoenf;? ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifhoefY½Sif;apjcif;wdkYudk cGJjcm;
&efr[kwfacs/(róJ 7;24-27/ vkum 8;21/ 11;28/ a,m 13;17/ a&mr 2;13/ ,mukyf 1;22-25/2;14-26)
þae&mü F.F Bruce \ Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free pmtkyfrS udk;um;azmfjyyg&ap/
]]c&pf,mefrsm;\ a&ESpfr*Fvmonf topfarG;zGm;jcif;r½Sdonfh ¤if;wdkY\wnf½Sdaeaom vla[mif;ESifh
c&pfawmftxJ ¤if;wdkY\topfaomb0tMum; e,fjcm;rSwfwdkifpdkufxlvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ a&ESpf
r*FvmcHNyD;ol c&pf,mefwpfa,muf tjypfqufvuf&efqdkonfrSm vGwfvyfcGifhay;cJhNyD;aomuRefwpf
a,muf ,cifolYocifxH qufvufuRefcHouJhodkYvnf;aumif; (a&mr 6;1-4/ 15-23)? rkqdk;rwpf
a,mufonf ]]olYa,musfm;ESifh w&m;Oya'\csnfaESmifjcif;atmufü qufvuf½Sdaejcif;}}uJhodkY (p.281
-82. a&mr 7;1-6)vnf;aumif; jzpfaeayrnf/
James S. Stewart \A Man in Christ pmtkyfüola&;om;onfrSm
]]þae&mtxd wrefawmfBuD; ajymcJhorQü MoZmtBuD;qHk;pdwful;udk a&mrtcef;BuD; 6xJü awGY&
onf/ ¤if;ü aygvkonf cefYnm;aomtm;ESifh tm;xkwfum pdwfESvHk;ESifh cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaomtwGif;pdwfxJ
ajymonfrSm a,½IESifhol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü ,HkMunfolrsm;onf olESifhaygif;pyfonf[kqdk&mü ,HkMunfol
onf tjypfESifhtNyD;tjywf cGefESifh tm;ESifh cGJxGwfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ (p. 187-88)
6;2]]xdkodkY rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpf&}}¤if;onf pdwfqE´(0g)qkawmif;jcif;ESifhqdkifaom o'´goHk;EIef;yHkü
½Sm;yg;onfhOPTATIVE toHk;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm jiif;qefolwpfa,muftm; tajzay;jcif;yHkpHjzpfonfh
aygvk\ pma&;[ef(a[NAJ tD'D,HoHk;EIef;yHk)jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf r,HkMunfolrsm;onf aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;
em;vnfrIvTJrSm;yHkESifh ¤if;tm; wvTJtoHk;jyKMujcif;tay: aygvkwkefvIyfxdwfvefYrdyHkESifh pufqkyf½GH½SmyHkudk
azmfjyonf/ (3;4? 6)/
]]tjypfüaoqHk;cJhNyD;ol igwdkYonf}}¤if;onf ACTIVE INDICATIVE NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom tjzpfrSefwpf&yfudkjy
onfhyk'frsKd;jzpfNyD; ]]igwdkYaoqHk;cJhMuNyD}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ þtcef;BuD;xJü ]]tjypf}}tm; tenf;udef;jzifh
193
azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf tm'HrS tarGqufcH&½Sdonfh ]]ADZtjypf}}(a&mr 5;12-21/ 1aum 15;21-22)udk
nTef;aeonfESifhwlonf/ ,HkMunfolESifh a,½I\topfaomawmfpyfrIudkjy&ef aygvkonf aoqHk;jcif;oabm
tm;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ olwdkYonf tjypftm; t½Sifociftjzpf remcHMuawmhacs/
]]¤if;txJ touf½Sif}}¤if;rSm vHk;aphywfaphtm;jzifh]]vrf;avQmufonf}}[líjzpfonf/ ¤if;wifpm;rIudk
,HkMunfjcif;ü touf½Sifaejcif;yHkpH ({zuf 4;1/ 5;2? 15) odkYr[kwf tjypfxJ touf½Sifaejcif;yHkpH ({zuf
4;17)wpfckcktm; txl;jyKazmfjy&ef oHk;avh½Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolonf tjypfxJ aysmfydkufvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs
6;3-4]]AdwåZHjyKjcif;cHcJhNyD;...oN*ØKvfjcif;cHcJhNyD}}ESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE ac:jyKjcif;cHcJhNyD;
aomtjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyaomyk'frsKd;jzpfonf/ þo'´goabm oHk;EIef;yHktm; jyifyrSvkyfaqmifolwpfOD;
tm;jzifh vkyfaqmifNyD;pD;cJhjcif;tm; azmfjy&moHk;avh½SdNyD;? þae&mürl vkyfaqmifolrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/
¤if;ESpfrsKd;onf þusrf;ydk'fü tvm;wljzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/AdwåZHr*Fvm
\ Acts pmtkyfü pdwf0ifpm;p&matmifajcrSwfpkwpfck p.28 ü½Sdonf/
]]AdwåZHjyKjcif;cHonf}}pum;vHk;\*&dpum;vHk;rSm third person imperative ac:apcdkif;jcif; toHk;tEIef;
rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]aemifw}}[laom pum;vHk;rSmsecond person imperative ac:tvm;wl oHk;EIef;rIrsKd;jzpfNyD; ydkrdk
wdkuf½kdufajymjcif;oabmaqmifonf/ AdwåZHjyKjcif;cH&onf qdkonfhtoHk;tEIef;rSm ydkrdkaysmhajymif;rI½SdNyD;
ayw½ku xdkpum;vHk;tm;oHk; &mü t"duawmif;qdkrIrSm aemifw&&efjzpfonf/
þoabmudkyif ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[ef (róJ 3;2)ESifh a,½I (róJ 4;17)wdkY txl;jyKa[majymrIrsm;ü
awGY&onf/ aemifw&jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&maomhcsufjzpfNyD;? a&ESpfr*Fvmonf 0dnmOfa&;&majymif;vJrItm;
jyifyo@mefü azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü ESpfjcif;rcHaom,HkMunfol[lí r½Sdacs! ueOD;toif;awmfü
ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm; vlod½SifMum; 0efcHrIjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;twGuf
,EÅ&m;r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmftxJ ,HkMunfjcif;tm; tay:wif0efcHonfhtjzpftysufjzpfonf! ayw½k\ 'kwd,
ajrmufw&m;a'oemü aemifw&jcif;tm;azmfjyaomfvnf;? a&ESpfr*FvmudkrlrajymcJhaMumif; owd&&efvdk
onf/ (3;19/ vkum 24;17)/ ESpfjcif;r*FvmrSm a,½Iudk,fwdkif erlemjycJhonfht&mwpfckjzpfonf/ (róJ
28;19)/ ,ckacwfü u,fwifjcif;&&ef a&ESpfr*Fvmvdktyfonf[laom ar;cGef;xkwfrIudk "r®opfusrf;ü rajym
acs/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; a&ESpfr*FvmcH,l&ef arQmfvifhonf/ odkYaomf toif;awmfqdkif&m ,EÅ&m;wpf&yf tjzpf
usifhoHk;jcif;udkrl qefYusif&rnfomjzpfonf! u,fwifjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;udpöjzpfNyD; ae&mrSefuefjcif;?
rSefuefaompum;vHk;? rSefuefaomtoif;awmf\usifh0wfqdkif&m udpör[kwfacs!
Curtis Vaughan
]]c&pfawmf a,½ItxJodkY}}tvm;wl ]]txJodkY}}eis(into) tm; róJ 28;19 r[mapcdkif;jcif;üoHk;&m? topf
aom,HkMunfolrsm; crnf;awmf? om;awmfESihf oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\emrawmftxJodkY-eis(into)ESpfjcif;
cHMuonf/ xdk0dbwfudkyif 1aum 12;13ü 0dnmOfawmfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;ukd c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mxJodkY
AdwåZHay;jcif;tm; jy&müoHk;onf/ þusrf;ydk'foHk;ydk'füoHk;onfh eis onf ti,f 11uen (c&pfawmftxJ)ESifh
t"dyÜg,fwljzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; &nfnTef;&mü aygvkESpfoufonfh oHk;EIef;yHkwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf
wnfae&mESifhqdkifonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJtouf½Sifonf/ vIyf½Sm;um? jzpfwnfaeMu
onf/ þ0dbwfrsm;onf &if;ESD;aomaygif;pyfrI? rdwfo[m,jzpfrIu@? pyspfEG,fESifh tcuftvufwdkY\
qufpyfyHkwdkYudkazmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl ol\taocHjcif; (6? 8;17)? ol\touf
194
½Sifí jyefxjcif;(i,f 5)? bk&m;ociftm;emcHum trIawmfaqmif½Gufjcif;ESifh ol\EkdifiHawmfponfwdkYü
c&pfawmfESifh xyfwlxyfrQjyKMuonf!
 ]]ol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü...igwdkYonf olESifhtwl oN*ØKvfjcif;cHcJhMu\/}} a&xJESpfum? AdwåZHcHjcif;
onf aojcif;ESifhoN*ØKvfjcif;udk ½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/ (i,f 5ESifh aum 2;12)a,½Ionf ol\taocHjcif;
tm;azmfjy&ef AdwåZHr*FvmudkoHk;onf/ (rmuk 10;38-39/ vkum 12;50)/ þae&m tav;teufjyKvdkonf
rSm AdwåZHqdkif&m Mo0g'r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;?oN*ØKvfjcif;wdkYESifh c&pf,mef\topfaom &if;ESD;
uRrf;0ifonfh qufqHa&;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\AdwåZH? ol\p½dkufvu©Pmawmf? ,Zfaumiftjzpf rdrdudk,f
rdrday;vSLjcif;? r[mapcdkif;awmfrljcif;wdkYü ,HkMunfolwdkYrSm xyfwlxyfrQjzpfMuonf/ tjypfonf olwdkYay:
wefcdk;r½Sdawmhacs!
6;4]]ol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü olESifhtwl AdwåZHjyKjcif;cHjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf olESifhtwl oN*ØKvf
jcif;cHcJhMu\/}}aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;tm;vHk;rSmenf;wl þtcef;BuD;xJüvnf; sun (with)tm; aygif;pyfpum;
vHk;tjzpf trsm;tjym;oHk;onf/ ({zuf 2;5-6 üoHk;cgawGY&onf)/
1/ sun + haptŌ = twloN*ØKvf? i,f 4/ aum 2;12/ i,f 8üvnf;Munfhyg/
2/ sun + phuŌ = twlpdkufysKd;? i,f 5
3/ sun + stauroŌ = vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm twl½kdufowfcH? i,f 6/ *v 2;20
4/ sun + zaŌ = twlwnf½Sd? i,f 8/ 2wd 2;11/ (twlao? twlpdk;pH)
]]igwdkYonf topfaomb0toufwmü avQmufvSrf; EkdifMuap&efjzpf\/}}¤if;rSm AORIST ACTIVE
SUBJUNCTIVEac:pdwfqEázmfjyrIrsKd;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfukd
c&pfawmfrSwqifh &½SdcJhMuum? 0dnmOfawmf\usdef;0yfawmfrljcif;vnf; &cJhMuNyD;jzpfojzifh olwdkY\b0touf
wmrSm ajymif;vJae&rnfjzpfonf/ igwdkY\topfaomtoufwmaMumifh(zoe)u,fwifjcif;&Muonfr[kwfbJ?
¤if;rSm u,fwifjcif;\tusKd;&v'fjzpfonf/ (i,f 16? 19/ 8;4/ 13;13/ 14;15ESifh {zuf 1;4/ 2;8-9? 10/
,mukyf 2;14-20)/ ¤if;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;avm? vkyfaqmifrIavm[lí ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;r[kwfbJ? aemufquf
wGJ&v'fwpfckjzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;
tjypfom;rsm;onf aemifwESifh,HkMunfjcif;jzifh a,½IbufvSnfhvmMuonfhtcg csufjcif;yif
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; cHMuonf/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmftxJ olwdkU\topfaom &yfwnfrI
jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;udk olwdkUtwGuf oGyfoGif;ay;vdkufonf/ (a&mr 4)/ olwdkUonf
rSefuefí oefU½Sif;olrsm;tjzpf aMumfjimay;jcif;cHMuonf/ (w&m;½kH;awmfoabmjzihf bk&m;½Sif\vkyfaqmifrI)
odkUaomf "r®opfusrf;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk oefU½Sif;pifMu,f&ef awmif;qdkonf/ ¤if;onf a,½I
c&pfawmf NyD;pD;chJaomtvkyfxJü "r®oabmt& &yfwnfcsufjzpfonfhjyif? ol\pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifhwl&ef
zdwfac:rIvnf;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;rSm tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfum? touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHtvHk;pHkESifhtrQ wefbdk;½Sd
onfenf;wl oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
tpjyKwHkUjyefrI
wref 20;23/ 26;18
a&mr 15;16
c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwljcif;
a&mr 6;19
2aum 7;1
195
1aum 1;2-3/ 6;11
2ouf 2;13
a[NAJ 2;11/ 10;10? 14/ 13;12
1ay 1;12
{zuf 1;4/ 2;10
1ouf 3;13/ 4;3-4? 7/ 5;23
1wd 2;15
2wd 2;12
a[NAJ 12;14
1ay 1;15-16
]]topfaomtoufwm}}/ þ ]]topf}}onf tcsdefumvtm;jzifh topfjzpf½kHrQomr[kwfbJ? ta&twGuf
udkqdkvdkonf/ ¤if;tm; ar½Sd,,laqmifvmonfhtjrpfygvSefaom tajymif;tvJtm;ajym&ef enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh
"r®opfüoHk;onf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm
1/ topfaomy#dnOfw&m;? vkum 22;20/ 1aum 11;25/ 2aum 3;6/ a[NAJ 8;8?13/ 9;15/
2/ topfaomapcdkif;rI? a,m 13;34/ 1a,m 2;7? 8/ 2a,m 5/
3/ topfaom zefqif;jcif;? 2aum 5;17/ *vm 6;15/
4/ topfaom toufwm? a&mr 6;4/
5/ topfaom 0dnmOf? a&mr 7;6/
6/ topfaomvl? {zuf 2;15/ 4;24/
7/ topfaomaumif;uifrsm;ESifh ajrBuD;? 2ay 3;13/ Asm 21;1/ (a[½Sm, 66;22)
8/ topfaomemrnf? Asm 2;17/ 3;12 (a[½Sm 62;2)
9/ topfaom a,½kpvif? Asm 3;12/ 21;2/
10/ topfaom aw;oDcsif;? Asm 5;9/ 14;3 (a[½Sm, 42;10)
]]c&pfawmf}}...xawmfrlonf...}}þusrf;ydk'fü om;awmfajympum;rsm;ESifh tvkyfrsm;udk crnf;awmfvufcH
um? auseyfaMumif; BuD;rm;aomtjzpftysufESpfrsKd;jzifhjyonf/
1/ vlaorsm;teufrS a,½Ixjcif;?
2/ crnf;awmf\vusfmawmfbufü a,½Iwufjcif;?
vlaorsm;\e,fy,frS a,½Itm; xap&mü oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\ yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; yg0ifvkyfaqmif
onf/ ti,f 9 ESifh 8;11 wdkU\ rSwfcsufrsm;ü tjynfhtpHkMunfhyg/
]]crnf;awmf\bkef;wefcdk;}} ]]bkef;wefcdk;}}taMumif; txl;taMumif;t&m 1;7 üMunhfyg/
6;5]]vQif}}/ ¤if;onf yxrwef;pmcRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;aom
t&m odkUr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf pmzwfolrsm;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;tjzpf oabmxm;onf/
]]olESifhtwl aygif;pyfcJhMuNyD}} ¤if;onf PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ac: tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjy
rIrsKd;jzpfum? ]]olESifhtwl aygif;pyfjcif;cHcJhMuNyDjzpf&m? qufvufí aygif;pyfMuOD;rnfjzpfonf}}(odkU)]]olESifh
twl pdkufysKd;jcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? qufvufí olESifhtwl pdkufysKd;Muonf}}[k bmomjyefEkdifonf/ þor®mw&m;
onf "r®oabmw&m;t& a,m[ef 15 u ]]wnfaejcif;}}-abiding ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;
onf a,½I\aoqHk;jcif;ü xyfwlxyfrQjzpfcJhMuNyDqdkvQif (*vm 2;19-20/ aum 2;20/ 3;3-5) ol\½Sifjyef
xajrmufaomtoufwmü xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfMu&rnfrSm "r®oabmw&m;enf;usjzpfonf/ (i,f 10)
196
a&ESpfr*Fvmtm; aoqHk;jcif;tjzpf Oyrmwifpm;jcif;rSm atmufygwdkUudk jyo&efjzpfonf/
1/ igwdkUonf toufwma[mif;? y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ü aocJhMuNyD
2/ igwdkUonf 0dnmOfawmfy#dnOfw&m;opfü touf½SifcJhMuNyD
xdkUaMumifh c&pf,mef a&ESpfr*Fvmonf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ aemufqHk;ya&mzufjzpfol ESpfjcif;q&m
a,m[ef\ a&ESpfr*FvmESifhrwlacs/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf ueOD;toif;awmfü ,HkMunfoltopfrsm;onf
rdrdwdkU\,HkMunfrItm; tay:wif0efcHjcif;jyK&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ ESpfjcif;cHrnfholvdkufqdk&ef ueOD;
tapmqHk;umvrsm;ü oHk;onfhtqdkrSm ]]a,½Ionf ocifjzpfaMumif; tuREfkyf,HkMunfyg\}}[líjzpfonf/
(a&mr 10;9-13)/ þuJhodkU tay:wifaMumfjimjcif;rSm apmapmu jzpfysufawGUMuHKcJhonfht&mtm; tcef;t
em;jzifh vufawGUjyojcif;?w&m;0ifjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf ,EÅ&m;? u,f
wifjcif;(0g)0dnmOfawmf <ua&mufvmjcif;r[kwfbJ? vlod½SifMum; t"dXgefjyKjcif;ESifh 0efcHjcif;tcgor, jzpf
onf/(wref 2;38)/ odkUaomf ¤if;rSm pdwfBudKufr[kwfacs/ xdkodkUjyK&ef a,½Iapcdkif;cJhonf/ (róJ 28;1920)/ OyrmjyocJhum? róJ 3/ rmuk 1/ vkum 3) ¤if;onf wrefawmfrsm;\a[majymrIrsm;ü wpfu@tjzpf
yg0ifNyD;? wrefawmf0w¬Kü qufvufusifhoHk;onf/
6;6
]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf olESifht wl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;
od½Sdvsuf}}
NKJV
]]igwdkY\vla [mif;onf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif; od½Sd
vsuf}}
NRSV
]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf olESifht wl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;
igwdkYod½SdMu\}}
TEV
]]igwdkYod&onfrSm igwdkY\tjzpfa[mif;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl? ol\vuf0g;uyfwdkif
rSm aoqHk;apjcif; cHcJhNyD}}
NJB
]]igwdkY\,cifZmwdonf olESifht wl vuf0g;uyfwdki frSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;
oabmayguf&ygrnf}}
¤if;rSm jzpfNyD; ]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyD}}[lí
jzpf\/ tjyKcHBud,m onf bk&m;\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfaMumif;jyonf/ þor®mw&m;rSm atmifjrifaomc&pf
,meftoufwmtwGuf tqHk;tjzwfay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypfESifh rdrdwdkY\qufpyfrI
topfudk oabmayguf&ygrnf/ (*v 2;20/ 6;24)/ vlom;\usqif;aom Zmwda[mif;onf (tm'HrS&aom
obm0)c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhNyD/ (i,f 7/ {zuf 4;22 ESifh aum 3;9) ,HkMunfolrsm;taejzifh rlvtpOf
tm'HjyKcJhonfenf;wl tjypfESifhqdkifí a½G;cs,fp&mwpfck½Sdonf/
NASB

NASB, NKJV ]]tjypf E S i f h q d k i f a om igwd k Y \ ud k , f c E¨m onf zsuf o d r f ; jcif ; cH a p&ef t vd k Y i S g }}
NRSV
]]tjypfESifhqkdifaom udk,fcE¨monf zsufqD;cHapjcif;iSg}}
TEV
]]tjypfESifhjynhfaom Zmwd\wefcdk;onf zsufqD;cH&eftvdkUiSg}}
NJB
]]tjypfESifhjynfhaom udk,fcE¨mtm; zsufqD;&ef}}
aygvkonf ]]udk,fcE¨m}}body (soma)pum;vHk;tm; ydkifqdkifjcif;jypum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;ESifhwGJoHk;onf/
1/ tjypfESifhqdkifaom udk,fcE¨m? a&mr 6;6
197
2/ aojcif;ESifhqdkifaom udk,fcE¨m? a&mr 7;24
3/ aoG;om;ESihfqdkifaom udk,fcE¨m? aum 2;11
aygvkajymonfrSm tjypfESifhawmfvSefykefuefjcif; þuyfumv\½kyfcE¨mjzpfonf/ a,½I\jyef½Sifx
ajrmufaom udk,fcE¨mrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif; uyfumvopfqdkif&m udk,fcE¨mjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;17)/ ½kyfcE¨mrSm
jyóem (*&dawG;ac:ynm) r[kwfyJ? tjypfESifh ykefuefawmfvSefjcif;rSm jyóemjzpfonf/ cE¨mudk,frSm
qdk;,kwfonfr[kwfacs/ c&pf,mefonf ½kyfcE¨mjzifh xm0&ae&rnf[laom,HkMunfrIudk twnfjyKonf/
(1aum 15)/ odkUaomf ½kyfcE¨monf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;? tjypfESifhZmwd (twå)wdkU\ ppfajrjyifjzpfonf/
¤if; AORIST PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE onf pdwfqE´tm; azmfjyrItoHk;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]zsufodrf;}}
done away with qdkonfrSm ]]tvkyfrvkyf EdkifatmifjyKonf}} ]]wefckd;rJhaponf}} (0g)]]xkwfvkyfjcif;rjyKatmif
jyKonf}}[líjzpfNyD; ]]zsufqD;onf}}qdkonfht"dyÜg,f r½Sdacs/ ¤if;rSm aygvkESpfoufonfh pum;vHk;jzpfum
tBudrfESpfq,fhig;BudrfausmfoHk;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ysufjy,fí qdwfokef;onf(katargeŌ)ü
Munfhyg/ 3;3/ igwdkU\½kyfcE¨monf Mum;aejzpfaomfvnf; tqufrjywfaom0dnmOfwdkufyGJ\ ppfajrjyifjzpf
onf/ (i,f 12-13/ 5;12-21/ 12;1-2)
6;7 ]]aoqHk;cJhNyD;olonf tjypfESifhvGwfonf}}¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE ESifh PERFECT
PASSIVE INDICATIVE ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfum]]aocJhNyD;olonf tjypfrSvGwfcJhNyD;jzpf&m qufvufívGwfonf}}
[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ topfzefqif;jcif;cHolrsm;jzpfMuojzifh tjypfESifh? tm'H
usqif;&mrS tarGqufcH&½Sdaom twå\uRefjyKjcif;rS u,fvGwfjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? qufvufí u,fvGwf
jcif;cHMuonf/ (7;1-6)
]]vGwfajrmufonf}}qdkonfhpum;vHk;tm; bmomjyef&m *&da0g[m&rSm tpydkif;tcef;BuD;rsm;ü
]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}tjzpf bmomjyefonfhpum;vHk;yifjzpfonf/ (ASV)/ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]vGwfajrmufap onf}}
(NKJV,NRSV)u ydkít"dyÜg,f½Sdaponf/ (¤if;ESifhqifwl oHk;EIef;rItm; wref 13;39 üMunfhyg)/ pum;vHk;\
t"dyÜg,fudk tqHk;tjzwfay;onfrSm pmtquftpyfyifjzpfNyD; tbd"gefrsm;(0g)o'´genf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m
t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;r[kwfaMumif; owd&yg/ pum;vHk;rsm;onf 0gusrsm;tm;jzifhom t"dyÜg,f½Sdum?
0gusrsm;onf pmydk'frsm;tm;jzifhom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
8
igwdkUonf ,ckc&pfawmfESihftwl aoqHk;cJhMuNyDqdkvQif? olESihftwl touf½SifMurnf[kvnf;
,HkMunfMu\/ 9c&pfawmfonf aojcif;rS jyefxcJhNyD; aojcif;ESifhtpOf uif;vGwfawmfrlonfudk
od½Sd&Mu\/ aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfudkrtkyfpdk;/ 10taMumif;rlum;? udk,fawmf
taocHawmfrl&mrSm tjypfaMumifh wpfcgwnf;ESifhtNyD;wdkiftwGuf taocH\/ touf½Sif&mrSm
11
bk&m;ociftbdkU touf½Sifawmfrl\/ odkUjzpfí oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí vla otjzpf
vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifESifhqkdifí c&pfawmfa,½ItxJü touf½Sifoltjzpfvnf;aumif; udk,fudk
udk,frSwf,lMuavmh/
6;8 ]]vQif}}¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfum? pma&;ol\tjrifü trSef[krSwf,ljcif;(0g)
ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol\a&ESpfr*Fvmonf c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhaMumif;tm; jrifEdkifaom
Oyrmjzifh jyojcif;jzpfonf/
198
]]igwdkUonf olESihftwl touf½SifMurnf}}/þtaMumif;t&monf ]],ckae&m? ,cktcsdef}}udk ajymjcif;jzpf
NyD;(1a,m 1;7) tem*wfoufoufrQomr[kwfacs/ ti,f 5 onf c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;udk igwdkUa0rQ
&½SdyHk taMumif;ajymNyD;? ti,f 8 ürl udk,fawmf\touf½Sifjcif;tm; igwdkUa0rQ&½SdMuyHk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftaMumif; or®musrf;enf;ust,l0g'ESifh wpfrsKd;wpfpm;wnf;jzpfonf/
¤if;onf þae&m? þtcsdefESpfrsKd;üjzpfaomfvnf;? tem*wfumvü ½Sdaeao;onf/ tcrJh aus;Zl;awmfonf
rdrdudk,frdrd xdef;csKyfrIjzpfay:apNyD;? vkyfydkifcGifhvdkifpifr[kwfacs/
6;9 ]]aojcif;rS xcJhNyD;}}¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfNyD; ]]aojcif;rS xapjcif;cHcJhNyD}}[líjzpf
onf/ (AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE taMumif; 6;4 üMunfhyg)/
a,½Iaojcif;rSjyefx&mü oHk;yg;wpfql bk&m;\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg0ifaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ü
twnfjyKonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmf (a&mr 8;11)
2/ om;awmf (a,m 2;19-22/ 10;17-18)
3/ crnf;awmfukdrl rMumcPazmfjyavh½Sdonf/ (wref 2;24? 32/ 3;15? 26/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30?
33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr 6;4? 9)
crnf;awmf\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;rSm a,½I\touf½Sifjcif;? taocHjcif;ESifhoGefoifrIwdkUudk olvufcH
awmfrlaMumif; twnfjyKay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm wrefawmfrsm;\ ueOD;w&m;a'oem\ t"dutcsufjzpf
onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ueOD;toif;awmfa[majymaomt&m(kerygma) 1;2 üMunfhyg/

NASB
]]aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfukd ocifrvkyf}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]aojcif ; w&m;onf aemuf w zef ud k , f a wmf u d k rtk y f p d k ; }}
TEV
]]aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfudk rtkyfcsKyf}}
NJB
]]aojcif;w&m;onf udk,fawmftay: wefcdk;r½Sdawmhacs}}
Bud,m kurieuŌ onf kurios(i.e, Lord- t½Sif) a0g[m&rSvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]ydkif½Sif}} ]]ocif}} ]]cifyGef;
onf}} (0g)]]t½Sif}}[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ a,½Ionf ,cktcg aojcif;w&m;ay: t½Sifocifjzpfonf/ (Asm
1;18) a,½Ionf jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;\ tOD;oD;jzpfonf/ vltcsKdUwdkUrSm
1/ touf½SifvsufESifhyif aumif;uifbHkodkU ,laqmifjcif;cHcJhMuonf/ ({aemESifh{vd,)
2/ cE¨mtoufjyef&cJhMuonf/ (odkYaomf vlY"r®wmtwdkif; jyefíaoqHk;oGm;Muonf)
a,½IomvQif uyfumvtopf cE¨mudk,fESifh toufjyef½SifolwpfOD;wnf;aomyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ a,½I
onf aojcif;w&m;\wefcdk;tm; yxrqHk; zsufqD;oljzpfonf/ (1aum 15)
6;10 ]]taMumif;rlum;? udk,fawmftaocHawmfrl&mrSm tjypfaMumifh...taocH\}}a,½Ionf tjypfESifh
jynfhaomavmuü touf½SifcJhaomfvnf; tjypfrjyKbl;cJhacs/ tjypfESihfjynfhaomavmuonf olUudk vuf0g;
uyfwdkifay:owfonf/ (a[NAJ 10;10)/ vlom;rsKd;EG,fbufü a,½Itpm;xdk; taocHjcif;onf ynwfw&m;
\awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk acszsufum? ¤if;wdkUtay: atmifjriftEdkif,lcJhonf/ (*vm 3;13/ aum 2;13-14)/
]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;wdkiftwGuf}}þusrf;ydk'fü aygvkonf a,½Ium; pifwifcHjcif;tm; tav;teu
jyKazmfjyonf/ tjypftwGuf wpfcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;wdkiftwGuf ol\taocHjcif;onf ol\aemufawmfvdkuf
rsm;tm; tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí aoaomolrsm;jzpfaponf/
199
a,½Ionf ,Zfaumiftjzpf wpfcgwnf; taocHjcif;rSm tqHk;wdkiftwGufjzpfaMumif; a[NAJMo0g'pm
üvnf; tav;teufjyK azmfjyonf/ þwpfcgwnf;ESihftNyD;wdkif u,fwifaomtjypfvGwfjcif;onf
tpOftNrJ tNyD;tjywfjzpfonf/ (wpfcg (ephapax) 7;27/ 9;12/ 10;10 ESifh ]]tNrJwrf;^tNyD;tjywf}} (hapax)
6;4/ 9;7? 26? 27? 28/ 10;2/ 12;26? 27)
]]touf½Sif&mrSm? bk&m;ociftwGuf touf½Sifawmfrl\/}}ti,f 10\ AORIST ESpfrsKd;wdkUonf
ti,f 10 \aemufqHk;tydkif;u PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ESpfrsKd;wdkUESifh qefUusifbufjzpfonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ociftwGuf
touf½Sifonf (*vm 2;19-20)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\yef;wdkifrSm tjypfvGwfjcif; (ajzmifhrwfapjcif;)
rQomvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ociftm; tapcHjcif; (oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;) jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkUudk
u,fwifjcif;rSm tapcH&efjzpfonf!
6;11 ]]odkUjzpfí oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí vlaotjzpf...udk,fudkudk ,f rSwf,lMuavmh}}
¤if;onf PRESENT MIDDLE(usrf;usdefí xGufqdkcsuf) IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufay;
onfh qufvufvsuf½Sdaom? tusifhoabmjzpfaom apcdkif;jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkUtwGuf c&pfawmfvkyfay;
onfht&mtm; c&pf,mefu odrSwfjcif;onf aeUpOftoufwmtwGuf tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aomt&mjzpf
onf/ ]]rSwf,l}}-consider (4;4? 9) a0g[m&rSm pm&if;udkifjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfum ]]aocsmpGm wGufcsuf}}
NyD;aemuf ¤if;twdkif;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 1-11 onf c&pfawmftxJ vlwpfa,muf\&yfwnf
csuf(&yfwnfcsufqdkif&m oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)udk todtrSwfjyKum? ti,f 12-13 onf udk,fawmfESifhtwl
avQmufvSrf;jcif;(wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefU½Sif;jcif;)udk txl;jyKonf/ ti,f 4 u txl;taMumif;t&mudk
Munfhyg/

NASB, NRSV
TEV, NJB
]]c&pfawmf a,½I}}
NKJV
]]igwdkU\ ocifc&pfawmf a,½I}}
ydkí wdkawmif;aomyHkpHudk MSS P46, A, B, D, F, G wdkUüoHk;onf/ UBS4 onf ¤if;udk ]]A}}tqifh
(aocsm)owfrSwfonf/ jznfhpGufaompum;pkrSm (MSS P94, Aleph, C) ydkíapmjzpfaomfvnf; usrf;a&;ul;
olwpfOD;u ti,f 23 rS jznfhpGufjcif;jzpf[ef½Sdonf/ BuD;rm;onfh vufa&;usrf;uGJtrsm;pkenf;wl ¤if;onf
rl&if;t"dyÜg,ftm; tenf;tusOf;rQom uGJjym;jcm;em;aponf/
NASB
12
/ 6;12-14
xdkUaMumifh oifwdkU\aowwfaomudk,fcE¨mwyfrufjcif;tvdkodkU vdkuf&onftxd? tjypf
13
w&m;tm; oifwdkUudk,fcE¨mudkrtkyfpdk;apESifh/ oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk raumif;rIwefqmyvmrsm;
tjzpf? tjypfw&m; tm;qufvufí rqufoMuESifh/ odkUaomf aojcif;rStouf½Sifvmolrsm;taejzifh?
oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;tm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;wefqmyvmtjzpf bk&m;ociftm; qufuyfMuavmh/
14
taMumif;rlum; oifwdkUonf ynwfw&m;vufatmufü½Sdonfr[kwfbJ? aus;Zl;awmfw&m;vuf
atmufü½SdMuonfjzpfí tjypfw&m;onf oifwdkUtay: ocifrvkyf&/
200
6;12 ]]xdkUaMumifh...tjypfw&m;tm; oifwdkUudk,fcE¨mudk rtkyfpdk;apESihf}}¤if;onf PRESENT ACTIVE
IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE wGJxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; qufvufjzpfay:aeaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck
tm; &yfwHhvdkufonf[kqdkvdkonf/ ]]tkyfpdk;}}[laom a0g[m&onf 5;17-21 ESifh 6;23 wdkUESifhqufpyfonf/
aygvkonf "r®oabmw&m;tawmfrsm;rsm;tm; vltjzpfwifpm;onf/
1/ aojcif;w&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf (5;14? 17/ 6;23)
2/ aus;Zl;awmfw&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf/ (5;21)
3/ tjypfw&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf/ (6;12? 14)
ar;cGef;rSm rdrdtoufwmü tkyfpdk;olrnfolenf; [líjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;üa½G;cs,f&ef tpGrf;
wefcdk;c&pfawmfü½SdMuonf! wpfOD;csif;? a'oEÅ&toif;awmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf\0rf;enf;bG,f&m
rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;onf aus;Zl;awmfw&m;udkajym&if;jzifh twåESifhtjypftm; a½G;cs,fonfhtcgüjzpfonf!
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;taMumif; 5;17? 18 üMunfhyg/
6;13 ]]oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk tjypfw&m;tm; qufvufírqufoMuESifh}}/ ¤if;rSm PRESENT
ACTIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE wGJxm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? qufvufjzpfay:aeaomvkyfaqmif
rIwpfcktm; &yfwhHapjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;\toufwmü tjypfxJqufvufoGm;Edkifjcif;
tvm;vmtm;azmfjyonf/ (7;1/ 1a,m 1;8 2;1)/ odkUaomf tjypfjyK&efvdktyfrIonf ,HkMunfolESihf c&pf
awmf\awmfpyfrI (qufpyfrI)topfxJü okwfoifz,f½Sm;jcif; cHcJh&NyDjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1-11)/
]]wefqmyvmrsm;tjzpf}}þa0g[m& (hoplon)onf]]ppfom;rsm;\vufeufrsm;}} udknTef;qdkonf/ (13;12/
a,m 18;3/ 2aum 6;7/ 10;4)/ uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fcE¨monf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;twGuf ppfajrjyifjzpf
onf/ (12-13/ 12;1-2/ 1aum 6;20/ zd 1;20)/ uRefawmfwdkU\touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHonf {0Ha*vdowif;
aumif;udk vlod½SifMum; cif;usif;jyoonf/
]]bk&m;ociftm; qufoMuavmh}}¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfNyD;? qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef
zdwfac:jcif;jzpfonf/ (12;1)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ¤if;udku,fwifjcif;&pOfu jyKcJhaomfvnf;? rdrd\b0
wavQmufvHk;ü qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;&ygrnf/
þusrf;ydk'f½Sd tvm;wl pmom;rsm;udk rSwfom;yg/
1/ Bud,mtwlwljzpfNyD;? ESpfckpvHk; apcdkif;aprIjzpfonf
2/ wdkufyGJtm; wifpm;oHk;EIef;rIrsm;
(u) raumif;rI vufeufrsm;
(c) ajzmifhrwfjcif; vufeufrsm;
3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\udk,fcE¨mrsm;udk tjypfw&m;tm;jzpfap? bk&m;ociftm;jzpfap quf
oEkdifonf/ þusrf;csufi,fonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;&nfnTef;NyD; a½G;cs,frIqufvufonf?
wdkufyGJ qufvufjzpfyGg;onf[kqdkvdkonf/ (6;12? 19/ 1aum 6;18-19/ {zuf 6;10-18)
6;14 ]]tjypfw&m;onf oifwdkUtay: ocifrvkyf&}} ¤if;rSm FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE (qmvH
19;13) ac:tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyrIrsKd;jzpfNyD;? IMPERATIVE ac:cdkif;apjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfum ]]tjypfw&m;
onf oifwdkUtay: rtkyfpdk;&}}[líjzpfonf! tjypfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;ay: ocifrvkyf&acs! taMumif;rSm
¤if;onf c&pfawmf\ocifr[kwfaomaMumifhwnf;/ (i,f 9/ a,m 16;33)
201
NASB
15
odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf;? igwdkUonf ynwfw&m;atmufür½SdbJ? aus;Zl;awmfw&m;
16
atmufü½SdaomaMumifh tjypfjyKMurnfavmh? rnfonfhtcgürQrjzpf&/ tMuifoltm; emcHaomuRef
tjzpf oifwdkU udk,foifwdkU0ifaomtcg oifwdkUonf aojcif;udkjzpfyGg;apaom tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí
jzpfap? ajzmifhrwfjcif; udkjzpfyGg;apaom emcHjcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifíjzpfap? oifwdkUemcH&aomol\aus;
17
uRefrsm;jzpfMuonfudk rodMuoavmh? oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;\uRefjzpfcJhMuaomfvnf;? oifwdkU
udk tyfESHaomoGefoifrIyHkpHudk pdwfESvHk;yg vsufem;axmifMuonfjzpfí bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifyg
onf/ 18oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufap jcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm;
jzpfvmMu\/ 19oifwdkU\ZmwdyuwdOmPf enf;yg;ojzifh igonf vl\a0g[m&tm;jzifh ajymaejcif;
jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh oifwdkYonf rdrdwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk npfnrf;jcif;ESifh t"r®trIü uRefcHapcJh
Muum? aemufxyft"r®trIrsm; jzpfyGg;aponfenf;wl? ajzmifhrwfjcif;ü uRefcHapum? oefU½Sif;pif
Mu,fjcif;udk jzpfyGg;apMuavmh/
6;15 ¤if;rSm ar;cGef;xkwfolwpfOD; ½Sdae[efjzifha&;aom (a0zefjypfwifpm) 'kwd,ajrmufpmjzpfNyD; 6;1
ESifhqifwlonf/ ESpfckpvHk;onf c&pf,mefrsm; tjypfjyKjcif;ESifhqdkifaom uGJjym;onfhar;cGef;rsm;udk tajzay;Mu
onf/ ti,f 1 onf tjypfjyKcGifh&aom vdkifpiftjzpf toHk;rjyKonfh aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;jzpfNyD;? ti,f
15url c&pf,mefonf tjypfESihfqdkifaomvkyfaqmifrIwdkif;tm; wdkufcdkuf&ef(0g)ckcH&ef vdktyfaMumif;ajym
onf/ wpfcsdefwnf;üyif ,HkMunfolonf ,cifu tjypftm;tapcHcJhonfh pdwftm;xufoefrIrsKd;jzifhyif ,ck
tcg bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&efjzpfonf/ (6;14)

NASB, NKJV
]]tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm}}
TEV
NRSV
]]tjypfjyKcJhMuOD;rnfavm}}
NJB
]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKvdku jyKEkdif&efvGwfajrmuf}}
Williams ESifh Phillips wdkU\ bmomjyefusrf;ESpfrsKd;ü þ AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE
tm;
PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE tjzpf ti,f 1 rSmenf;wl bmomjyefMuonf/ ¤if;rSm qDavsmfjcif; r½Sdacs/
atmufygtvm;wl bmomjyefrIrsm;udkMunfhyg/
1/ KJV, ASV, NIV ]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm}}
2/ The Centenary Translation]]igwdkUonf tjypf½SdaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck usL;vGefMuOD;rnfavm}}
3/ RSV ]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKMu&efavm}}
þar;cGef;rSm *&dbmomü tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfNyD; tajzrSm]][kwfygonf}}[kjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm or®m
w&m;tm;ajymjy&mü aygvkoHk;onfh tjiif;tcHkjyKol ½Sdav[efa&;om;rIrsKd;jzpfonf/ þtcef;i,fü rSm;,Gif;
aomMo0g'wpf&yftm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf! olonf ¤if;tm; tajzay;&mü olUenf;twkdif;]]rnfonfhtcgürQ
xdkodkUrjzpf&}}[lí tajzay;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfjzpfonfh tjrpfygvSefí ajymif;vJypfvdkuf
onfh aygvk\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;rsm;pGm em;vnfrIvTJrSm;um? rSm;,Gif;pGm
toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/
202
6;16 þar;cGef;onf ]][kwfygonf}}[laomtajzudk arQmfvifhonf/ vlom;rsm;onf wpfpHkwpf&m(0g)wpfpHk
wpfa,mufudk tapcHMuonf/ oifhb0udk rnfoltkyfcsKyfoenf;? tjypfw&m;uvm;? bk&m;ocifuvm;?
vlom;rsm;emcHjcif;jyKonfht&monf rnfolUtm; olwdkUtapcHaMumif;jyonf/ (*vm 6;7-8)
6;17 ]]bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifygonf}}aygvkonf rMumcPyif bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh
jynfhavh½Sdonf/ ola&;onfhpmrsm;onf ol\qkawmif;rIrsm;rS pD;qif;vmum? ol\qkawmif;csufrsm;onf
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; oduRrf;&mrS pD;qif;vmonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aygvk\qkawmif;rI?
csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;rsm;taMumif; 7;25 üMunfhyg/
]]oifwdkU...cJhMuum...Muonfjzpfí...}}twdwfutjypfudk uRefcHcJhMuNyD;? ,ckürl olwdkUonf qefUusif
ykefuefrIrjyKawmhaMumif;tm; azmfjyonf/
]]Mo0g'yHkpHudk pdwfESvHk;ygvsuf em;axmifMuonf}}/ þae&mü azmfjyonfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sdjcif;onf aeUpOfc&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwlvmjcif;odkU OD;wnfaeap&vdrfh
rnfjzpfonf/
oGefoifrI(teaching)qkdonfh a0g[m&onf wrefawmfrsm;\ oGefoifrIrsm;(0g){0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
udk&nfnTef;onf/
]]pdwfESvHk;}}-heart txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ ESvHk; 1;24 üMunfhyg/

]]oifwdkUudk tyfESHaom oGefoifrIyHkpH}}
]]oifwdkUudk ay;tyfaom Mo0g'yHkpH}}
]]oifwdkUudk ,HkMunftyfESHaom oGefoifrIyHkpH}}
]]oifwdkUvufcH&½Sdaom oGefoifrIü awGU&onfh or®mw&m;}}
]]oifwdkUtm; ac:aqmifoGm;&m oGefoifrIerlem}}
¤if;onf 1aum 15;1 ESifhtvm;wljzpfum? þ,HkMunfolrsm;Mum;odcJhMuNyD;? vufcHcJhMuonfh
{0Ha*vdor®mw&m;rsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;[lonf
1/ vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;jyK&ef vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;
2/ ,HkMunf&efjzpfonfh xdkyk*¾dKvftaMumif; or®mw&m;
3/ xdkyk*¾dKvftm;vdkufum touf½Sifjcif; yHkpHwpfck
NASB
NKJV
NRSV, NIV
TEV
NJB
]]yHkpH}} atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/yHkpH
(TUPOS)
jyóemrSm tupos pum;vHk;oHk;EIef;yHk trsKd;rsKd;½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
1/ Moulton ESifh Milligan wdkU\ The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, p. 645 ü
(u) erlem (pattern)
203
(c)
(*)
(C)
(i)
pDrHudef; (plan)
yHkpH (odkU) pma&;[ef (form or manner of writing)
pD&ifcsuf (0g) qHk;jzwfcsuf
a&m*gaysmufuif;apaom ewfbk&m;wpfyg;tm; t"dXgefjyKum ay;vSLjcif;tjzpf vlom;\
udk,fcE¨merlem
(p) Oya' (law - ynwfawmf) qdkif&mtcsufrsm;tm; twnfjyK&ef oHk;onfhBud,m
2/ Louw ESifh Nide wdkU\ Greek – English Lexion, vol. 2, p. 249
(u) trm½Gwf (a,m[ef 20;25)
(c) ½kyfwkqif;wk (wref 7;43)
(*) yHkpH (a[NAJ 8;5)
(C) Oyrm? om"u (1aum 10;6/ zd 3;17)
(i) rlvyHkpH (a&mr 5;14)
(p) trsKd;tpm; (wref 23;25)
(q) yg0ifaomt&mrsm; (wref 23;25)
3/ Harold K. Moulton \The Analytical Greek Lexion Revised, p. 411
(u) xdk;ESufcsuf? wHqdyfcwfESdyfjcif;? trSwftom; (aum 20;25)
(c) tao;pdwfcs,frIef;jcif;
(*) ½kyfwkwpfck (wref 7;43)
(C) yHkaoenf; (udef;) wpfck? MuHpnfcsufwpfck (a&mr 6;17)
(i) yHkpH? qdkvdkcsuf (wref 23;25)
(p) toGifo@mef? tazmftzuf (1aum 10;6)
(q) BudKwifíjyKaomtoGifo@mef? trsKd;tpm; (a&mr 5;14/ 1aum 10;11)
(Z) erlemyHkpH (wref 7;44/ a[NAJ 8;5)
(ps) udk,fusihfw&m;erlem (zd 3;17/ 1ouf 3;7/ 2ouf 3;9/ 1wd 4;12/ 1ay 5;3)
þusrf;ydk'ftwGuf txufyg#ps rSmtaumif;qHk;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ü Mo0g'ESifh
touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHoabm ESpfrsKd;pvHk;oabmyg0ifonf/ c&pfawmftxJ tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom u,fwif
jcif;onf c&pfawmfuJhodkU touf½Sifjcif;udkvnf; awmif;qdkonf!
6;18 ]]tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD}}/ ¤if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf c&pfawmfvkyfonfhtvkyfrSwqifh 0dnmOfawmf\udk,fpm;vS,f vkyfaqmifrItm;
jzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;udk vGwfajrmufaponf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypf\'PfrSvGwfajrmufapjcif; (ajzmifhrwf
apjcif;)ESifh tjypf\ pdk;rdk;rIrS vGwfajrmufapjcif; ESpfrsKd;pvHk; &½SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ (oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;?
ti,f 7 ESifh wpfaeUaomtcgusvQif olwdkUonf tjypf½Sdae&mt&yfrSf vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/
(bkef;BuD;apjcif;? 8;29-30)/
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm; jzpfvmMu\}}/ ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; ]]oifwdkU
onf ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm;jzpfapjcif; cHMu&NyD;jzpfonf}}[líjzpf\/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/
1;17 üMunfhyg/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk tapcH&eftvdkUiSg tjypfrSvGwfajrmufMuNyDjzpfonf! (14?
204
19? 22/ 7;4/ 8;2)/ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf\yef;wdkifrSm bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom toufwmjzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfap
jcif;rSm w&m;Oya'qdkif&m xkwfazmfausnmcsufenf;wl? vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;½Sdap&ef wGef;tm;
vnf;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkUudk u,fwifjcif;&½Sdapvdkum? tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; xdawGU
apvdkonf! aus;Zl;awmfonf ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;\u,fwifjcif;ESifh tqHk;owfjcif;rjyKacs/ (róJ 28;1820/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/
6;19 ]]oifwdkU\ ZmwdyuwdOmPfenf;yg;ojzifh igonf vl\a0g[m&jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf}}
aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU½Sd ,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrdMum;cJhonfh a'oEÅ&jyoem
(*sL;,HkMunf olrsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd; ,HkMunfolrsm;tMum; remvdkrI) taMumif;ajymjcif;avm? odkUwnf;r[kwf
,HkMunfol tm;vHk;ESifhqdkifaom or®mw&m;wpf&yftm; twnfjyKajymaejcif;avm? aygvkonf þpum;pkudk
apmapmüvnf; *vmwd 3;15 rSm enf;wl a&mr 3;5 üoHk;cJhonf/
tcef;i,f 19 onf tcef;i,f 16 ESifh qifwljzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m
t"dutcsufrsm;udk tav;teufjyK&ef xyfrHí azmfjyavh½Sdwwfonf/ odkUaomf ]]oifwdkU\ZmwdyuwdOmPf
enf;aomaMumifh}}[kqdk&mü þteufjyefjcif;ESifh udkufnDjcif;r½Sdacs/ uRefpHepfudk txl;ojzifha&mrNrdKUü
yxr&mpkESpf vlUtzGJUtpnf;ü tqdk;rjrifcJhMuacs/ ¤if;rSm xdkacwfumv\ omrefxHk;wrf;pOfvm wpf&yfom
vQifjzpfonf/
]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/
]]oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;udk jzpfyGg;ap/}} ¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\yef;wdkifjzpfonf/ (i,f 22)/ "r®opf
usrf;onf þa0g[m&udk u,fwifjcif;qdkif&m "r®oabmt"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/ &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfNyD; (yuwdwnf
½Sdaomt"dyÜg,f) u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcsdefü c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
ESifhtwlay;onf/ (wref 26;18/ 1aum 1;2/ 6;11/ {zuf 5;26-27/ 1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf
2;13/ a[NAJ 10;10/ 13;12/ 1ay 1;2)/
2/ qufvufjzpfay:aom oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onfvnf; oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfrS
wqifhbk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/,HkMunfol\toufwmonfoefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
tm;jzifh c&pfawmf\o@mefESifh&ifhusufrIqDodkU ajymif;vJapjcif;cH&onf/ (yuwdwnf½Sdaom
t"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/ 2aum 7;1/ 1ouf 4;3? 7/ 1wd 2;15/ 2wd 2;21/ a[NAJ 12;10? 14)
xl;taMumif;t&m/
/ oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif; - 6;4 üMunfhyg/
oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;onf vufaqmifESifhapcdkif;jcif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonf! ¤if;rSm &yfwnfjcif;ESifh vkyf
aqmifrI(touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH) ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf! ¤if;onfINDICATIVE (tjzpfrSefwpfcktm; azmfjyjcif;)ESifh
IMPERATIVE (apcdkif;jcif;)jzpfonf! ¤if;onf tpjyKcsdefü a&muf½SdvmonfrSefaomfvnf; tqHk;owfüom
jynfhpHk&ifhusufonf/ (zd 1;6/ 2;12-13)
NASB
20
oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;\uRefjzpfcJhMupOf? ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ESifh uif;vGwfMu\/ 21xdkU
aMumifh ,ckoifwdkU½SufMu&onfh xdkt&mrsm;xJ rnfonfhtusKd;aus;Zl;&cJhMuoenf;/ taMumif;rl
um; xdkt&mrsm;aMumifh jzpfvmonfht&mrSm aojcif;jzpf\/ 22odkUaomf ,ckürl tjypfw&m;rS vGwf
205
ajrmufum? bk&m;ocif\uRefjzpfvmjcif;aMumifh oifwdkU&½Sdonfh tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm oefU½Sif;apjcif;
jzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf xm0&toufjzpfaponf/ 23taMumif;rlum; tjypf\tcrSm aojcif;w&m;jzpfaomf
vnf;? bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifrSm igwdkU\ocifc&pfawmfa,½ItxJu xm0&toufjzpf
ownf;/
6;20-21/ ¤if;onf ti,f 18 ESifh 19 wdkU\qefUusifbuftm; ½dk;½dk;av; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol
rsm;onf ocifwpfOD;wnf;udkom tapcHEkdifonf/ (vkum 16;13)
6;22-23/ þtcef;i,frsm;onf wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; oltapcH&molu qyfay;onfh qufvufjzpfay:aom
tcrsm;udk azmfjyonf/ tjypftaMumif; þaqG;aEG;rIESifh aus;Zl;awmfukdpl;pdkufaom,HkMunfol\ tqHk;owf
wdkUaMumifh bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifonf! tpyxrü igwdkU\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrS&aomu,fwifjcif;
vufaqmifjzpfNyD;? ¤if; aemufüvdkufvmaom c&pf,meftoufwmonfvnf;? igwdkY\yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrSjzpf
vmonf/ ESpfckpvHk;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhaemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&½Sdaomvufaqmifrsm;jzpfonf/
6;22 ]]oifwdkY&½Sdonfh tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm oefY½Sif;apjcif;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf xm0&toufjzpfaponf/}}
]]tusKd;}}qdkonfrSm trSeftm;jzifh ti,f 21 üoHk;onfh ]]toD;}}-fruit yifjzpfNyD;? tjypf\tusKd;qufudk
ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ti,f 22 ürl bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&mrS jzpfvmaomtusKd;qufrsm;udk ajymjcif;
jzpfonf/ ,ckvwfwavmtusKd;aus;Zl;rSm ,HkMunfolonf c&pfawmfESifhwlvmjcif;jzpfonf/ tqHk;pGefaom
tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm ocifbk&m;ESifhwlae&jcif;ESifh? olESifhxm0&wlnDjcif;jzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ vwfwavm
tusKd;&vm'fr½Sdygu (ajymif;vJaomtoufwm-Oyrm ,mukyf 2) tqHk;pGefaom&v'fudk w&m;0ifar;cGef;
xkwfEkdifonf/(xm0&touf róJ 7)/ ]]toD;roD;ygu? tjrpfrygíjzpfonf/}}
6;23 ¤if;rSm þtcef;BuD;ajcmufwpfckvHk;\ tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ aygvkonf a½G;cs,f&rnfht&mudk
aq;tjzLtrJ okwfjyxm;onf/ a½G;cs,f&rnfrSm uRefawmfwdkYjzpfonf/ tjypfESifhaojcif;avm (0g) c&pfawmf
tm;jzifh tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfESifh xm0&toufavm? ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ynmqdkifusrf;rsm;xJ
azmfjyonfh ]]vrf;ESpfvrff;}}ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/ (w&m; 30;1-17/ qm 1/ okwåH 4/ 10-19/ róJ 7;1314)
 ]]tjypf\tc}}tjypfudk vlyk*¾dKvfuJhodkY wifpm;azmfjyyHkwdkYrSm (1) uRefydkif½SifwpfOD; (2) ppfAdkvfcsKyfBuD;
wpfOD; odkYr[kwf (3) tbdk;tcrsm;ay;tyfonfh bk&ifBuD;wpfyg;wdkYjzpfonf/ (3;9/ 5;21/ 6;9? 14? 17)/
]]bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifrSm...xm0&toufjzpfonf}} ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}}tjzpf bmomjyefaom
(charisma)rSm aus;Zl;awmfpum;vHk; (charis)rSvmjcif;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;rSm aus;Zl;awmfpum;vHk;rSvm
jcif;jzpfonf/ ( 3;24/ 5;15? 16? 17/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ 3;24 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;
206
1/
aumif;aomtvkyf (aumif;rIukodkvf)rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;? ({zuf 2;89? 10)
2/
,HkMunfolwpfa,muf qufvufítjypfvkyfaejcif;onf u,fwifjcif;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?
(1a,m 13;6?9)
3/
þtcef;BuD;ü ]]tjypfuif;pifaompHkvifjynfh0jcif;}}taMumif; oGefoifxm;ygovm;?
4/
tcef;BuD; 6onf tcef;BuD; 5ESifh 7 wdkYESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?
5/
a&ESpfr*FvmtaMumif; þae&mü rnfodkYaqG;aEG;oenf;?
6/
c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\obm0a[mif;(arG;&mygADZ)qufvuf½SdaeMuovm;? tb,faMumifhenf;?
7/
ti,f 1-14 twGif; ,ckypöKyÜefumvtaMumif; azmfjyonfhpum;vHk;rsm; vTrf;rdk;aeum? ti,f 1523twGif; NyD;pD;cJhNyD;jzpfaomt&m taMumif;ajymonfhpum;vHk;rsm; vTrf;rdk;aejcif;onf rnfonfht&m
udkqdkvdkygoenf;?
207
a&mr 7
acwfopf bmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vkdufcGJjcif;
UBS4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh
tvm;wljcif;
ynwfw&m;rS
vGwfajrmuf
xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh
tvm;wljcif;
xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh
½Sif;jyjcif;
7;1-6
txJü½Sdaom
tjypf\jyóem
7;1-6
tjypfonfynwf
w&m;aMumifhtcGifh&
7;1-3
ynwfw&m;awmf
ESifhtjypf
7;7-12
7;7-12
7;7-12
7;13-25
ynwfw&m;onf
tjypfrS ru,fEdkif
7;13-25
7;1-6
ynwfw&m;ESifh
tjypf
7;7-11
7;12-13
7;13
twGif;wdkufyGJ
vlxJuwdkufyGJ
7;14-20
7;21-25
7;14-20
7;21-25
7;25
7;25
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhoHk; (pm
xi
NJB
c&pf,mefonf
ynwfw&m;\
uRefjyKjcif;rS
vGwfajrmuf
7;1-6
ynwfw&m;
awmftvkyf
vkyfyHk
7;7-8
7;12-13
twGif;ydkif;
½kef;uefrI
7;14-20
7;21-23
7;24-25
7;25
Munfh)
teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmuf
oGm;&efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
wdkUrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom
yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
208
usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;/ ti,f 1-6tm;
u/ tcef;BuD;&tm; teufjyef&efrSm
1/ tcef;BuD; 6 txl;ojzifh ti,f 12-14tm; em;vnf&yHkudk tajcjyK&ef (3;20? 21-31/ 4;13-16/
5;20)
2/ tcef;BuD; 9-11ü awGY&onfha&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunf
ol*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;tMum; jzpfay:cJhaomwif;rmrIESifhvnf; qufpyf&efjzpfonf/
xdkjyóem\ oabmobm0tppftrSefudk aocsmrod&acs/ jzpfEkdifonfrSm
u/ arma½S\ynwfw&m; tajccHonfh ynwfw&m;0g'
c/ *sL;bmom0ifrsm;u c&pfawmfxuf arma½Stm; ydkítav;xm;jcif;
*/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf rnfokdYt"dyÜg,f½SdyHkudk em;vnfrIvTJrSm; jcif;
C/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh"r®opfusrf;\ qufpyfrItm; em;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif;
i/ a&mrNrdKUtwGif; *sL;bmoma&;tcef;tem;tm;vHk; &yfwHhaponfh tifyg,m½Sif\trdefY awmfumv
twGif; toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrIü tpm;xdk;0ifa&mufvmonfh wpfyg;trsKd; om;rsm;tay: *sL;vl
rsKd;acgif;aqmifrsm;\ remvdkrI/ xdkpOfu ,HkMunfol*sL;trsm;tjym;vnf; a&mrNrdKUrS xGufcGgoGm;
jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/
c/ a&mr 7;1-6ü c&pf,mefESifhol\toufwma[mif; qufpyfrItaMumif; wifpm;aompum;rsm;jzifh
qufvufazmfjyonf/ toHk;jyKaomwifpm;rIrsm;rSm
1/ aoqHk;jcif;ESihf tjcm;aomociftwGuf uReftjzpfrS vGwfajrmufjcif; (tcef;BuD; 6)
2/ aoqHk;jcif;ESifh xdef;jrm;jcif;qdkif&m 0wå&m;rsm;rS vGwfajrmufjcif; (tcef;BuD; 7)
*/ tcef;BuD; 6ESifh7 wdkYrSm pmvmtwdkif; qifwljzpfonf/ tcef;BuD; 6onf ,HkMunfolESifh ]]tjypf}}\
qufpyfrItaMumif;ajymum? tcef;BuD; 7onf ,HkMunfolESifh ]]ynwfw&m;}}\qufpyfrIudk ajymyg
onf/ aojcif;onf uRefwpfa,muftm;vGwfajrmufapjcif;ESifh(6;12-23)vlwpfa,mufaoqHk;onfhtcg
xdef;jrm;jcif;\csKyfaESmifrIrS vGwfajrmufoGm;yHk (7;1-6) wdkYrSm qifwljzpfonf/
tcef;BuD; 6
tcef;BuD;
6;1 ]]tjypf}}
7;1 ]]ynwfw&m;}}
6;2 ]]tjypfüao}}
7;4 ]]ynwfw&m;üao}}
6;4 ]]toufwmopfüavQmufvSrf;Ekdif&ef}}
7;6 ]]topfaom0dnmOfjzifh tapcHEdkif&ef}}
6;7 ]]aoqHk;olonf tjypfrSvGwfonf}}
7;6 ]]igwdkYudk csnfaESmifaomt&mü aoqHk;Muum?
6;18 ]]tjypfrSvGwfapjcif; &½SdMuNyD}}
ynwfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufapjcif;&½SdMuNyD}}
7;3 ]]ynwfw&m;rS vGwfajrmuf}}
(Carl C.Rassmussen bmomjyefonfh
7
Anders Nygren's Commentary on Romans, p.268
209
rS,lygonf)
C/ ynwfw&m;ESifh ¤if;\tqdktrdefYrsm;onf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk; ynwfw&m;vuf
atmufü jypf'PfpD&ifcH&onf/ (a&mr 6;14/ 7;4/ *v 3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)/ arma½S\
ynwfw&m;rSm usdefqJjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf!
i/ tcef;BuD; 7tm; teufjyefyHk t"duav;rsKd;cefY½Sdonf/
1/ aygvkonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (tw¬KyÜwåd)
2/ vlom;tm;vHk; udk,fpm;jyKajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (udk,fpm;jyKjcif;-Chysostom)
3/ tm'H\tawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (Theodore of Mobsuetia)
4/ tpöa&;\tawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
p/ a&mr 7 onf urÇmOD; 3ESifhrsm;pGmwlonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocifESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;olrsm;udkyif
awmfvSefykefuefrIonf atmufodkYqGJcsaMumif; jyoonf/ todynmonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udk
rvGwfajrmufapEkdifacs/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfESifh topf
aom0dnmOfuomvQif ¤if;udk wwfpGrf;Ekdifonf/ (y#dnmOfw&m;opf? a,&rd 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;2627)/ ¤if;aemufydkif;üyif qufvuf½kef;uefí oGm;&ygonf/ (6;12? 19/ 1aum 6;10-19/ {zuf 6;1018)!
pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;
/ 7;1-3
1
odkYwnf;r[kwf nDt pfudkwdkY? ynwfw&m;onf vludkolt ouf½Sifaeoa½GYom pD&ifydkifcGifh½Sd
onfudk rodMuoavm/ (ynwfw&m;awmfukd odolrsm;tm; igajymjcif;jzpfonf) 2taMumif;rlum;?
vif½Sdaomrdef;rudk ynwfw&m;onf olYviftouf½Sifa epOfüom csnfaESmifonf/ odkYaomf olYvif
aoygu? olYvifESifhqdkif aomynwfw&m;rS olronf vGwfajrmuf\/ 3odkYjzpfí olYvift ouf½Sif
aepOf tjcm;a,musfm;ESifhaygif;ygu olrudk arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k ac:Muvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf
olYvifaovQifrl? tjcm;a,musfm;ESifhaygif;aomfvnf; arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k rac:&bJ? ynwf
w&m;rSvGwfajrmuf\/
7;1 (ynwfw&m;awmfudk odolrsm;tm; igajymjcif;jzpfonf) ¤if;u &nfnTef;EdkifonfrSm
1/ ,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;udkomvQif
2/ a&mrtoif;awmfxJ ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; yXdyu©
3/ vlom;tm;vHk; wpfpkwpfpnf;wnf; ajymonfenf;wl ynwfw&m;tm; a,bk,stm;jzifhajymjcif;
(2;14-15)
4/ rdrdwdkY\topfaom,HkMunfjcif;taMumif; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS oif,l&mü yg0ifonfhwyg;trsKd;
om; ,HkMunfoltopfrsm; (ar;? ajzpHepfjzifh oifMum;jcif;? 6;17)
]]ynwfw&m;}}/ ¤if;rSm þtcef;BuD;\t"du OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1? 2? 4? 5? 6...pojzifh)
odkYaomf aygvkonf xdka0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/ (obm0ed,r? arma½S\ynwådusrf;?
vlrIa&;Oya'orsm;)/ aygvk\aqG;aEG;rIrSm 6;14udk tajccHjcif;jzpfyHk&onf/ ol\wifjyyHkrSm tcef;BuD;
6ESifhqifwljzpfaeonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&jcif; ]]*}} üMunfhyg/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;
210
onf c&pfawmftxJu y#dnmOfw&m;topfESifh rnfodkYqufpyfyHkudkvnf; 3;21-31ESifh 4;13-16wdkYü aqG;aEG;
xm;ygonf/

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]ynwfw&m;onf
]]ynwfw&m;onf
]]ynwfw&m;onf
]]ynwfw&m;onf
]]ynwfw&m;onf
vludk oltouf½Sifaeoa½GYom pD&ifydkifcGifh½Sdonf/}}
vludk oltouf½Sifaeoa½GYom tkyfpdk;onf}}
vltay:ü xdkoltouf½SifaepOfüom twnfjzpfonf}}
vludkoltouf½Sifaeoa½GUom tkyfcsKyfonf}}
vlwpfa,muftm; xdkoltouf½SifaepOfüom tusKd;oufa&mufonf}}
¤if;\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]ocifvkyfonf}}(kurieuo 6;9? 14)[líjzpf\/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf BuD;rm;
aomaumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpfonfenf;wl (qmvH 19/ 119)aMumufrufzG,f&m usdefqJjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ (*v
3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)/ cE¨mudk,faoqHk;onfhtcg ynwfw&m;ay: 0wå&m;vnf;&yfpJonf/
,HkMunfolonf tjypfüaoqHk;oljzpfaMumif;ESifhqdkifí tcef;BuD; 6ü þwifpm;rIrsKd;udkyifoHk;onf/
7;2 ]]vif½Sdrdef;r}}/ ¤if;udk ti,f 1-6twGif; Oyrmay;um ½Sif;vif;&mü aygvkt"duoHk;onf/tcef;BuD; 6
ü olonfvlwpfa,mufaoqHk;onfhtcg aus;uReftjzpfrS &yfpJoGm;jcif;tm; Oyrmtjzpf,lonf/ þae&mü
xdef;jrm;jcif;ESifh ¤if;\0wå&m;rsm;ay: qifjcifrIjyKonf/ þae&mü usef&pfolrkqdk;rjyefí xdrf;jrm;jcif;jyKEdkif
&ef olYvifaojcif;tm; Oyrmxm;um ½Sif;vif;jcif;rSm ajymif;jyefjzpfonf/ ¤if;ESifhqifwltjzpf aygvkazmfjy
onfrSm ,HkMunfolrSm aoqHk;oljzpfojzifh bk&m;ociftwGuf touf½Sifonf[líjzpf\/
]]olronf vGwfajrmuf\/}} ¤if;onf 6;6u Bud,mESifhtwlwlyifjzpfum ]]rvIyfr½Sm;EkdifatmifjyKonf}}
]]toHk;r&jzpfoGm;aponf}} odkYr[kwf ]]tvkyfrvkyfEdkifatmifjyKonf}}[líjzpf\/ ¤if;rSm 6;6ü AORIST
PASSIVE jzpfNyD;? þae&mürl PERFECT PASSIVEjzpfum t"dyÜg,frSm]]vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHcJhNyD;? qufvuf
vGwfajrmufapjcif; cHonf}}[líjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 3;3üMunfhyg/
7;3]]olrudk arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k ac:Muvdrfhrnf}}/¤if;onf w&m;a[m 24;1-4 tay: ShammaiESifh
Hillelac:*sL;usrf;pmausmif;awmfESpfrsKd;\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIESifh qufpyfonf/ txl;ojzifh ]]tcsKdUaomrzG,f
r&mrIrsm;}}ESifhqdkifíjzpfonf/ Hillel ausmif;awmfonf rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifhjzpfap vifr,m;uGm½Sif;rI
tm; cGifhjyKay;onfhacwfopf (liberal)tkyfpkjzpfonf/ Shammai ausmif;awmfrSmrl a½SY½dk;qefaomtkyfpk
(Conservative) jzpfNyD; vifr,m;uGm½Sif;rItm; vdifrIudpö azgufjyefrIudpö&yfrsm;tm;jzifhomcGifhjyKonf/ (róJ
5;32/ 19;9)/
4
xdkYaMumifh nDtpfudkwdkY oifwdk Yonfvnf; tjcm;aomolwnf;[laom aojcif;rSxajrmufaom
olESifhaygif;zufí? bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;EkdifrnftaMumif;? c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh
ynwfw&m;ü aoqHk;Mu\/ 5taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom;ü ynwfw&m;onf
tjypfESifhqdkifaom jyif;xefonfhpdwftvdkqE´rsm;udkvIHYa qmfí? igwdkY\udk,ft*Fgrsm;txJü tvkyfvkyf
um? aojcif;w&m;toD;udkoD;aponf/ 6odkYaomf ,ckürlum; usrf;a[mif;w&m;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ ?
topfaom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tapcHjcif;iSg? igwdkYonf aocJhMuNyDjzpfí? igwdkYtm; csnfaESmifaom
ynwfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufMu\/
211
7;4]]oifwdkYonfvnf;...aoqHk;Mu\}}/ ¤if;rSm þpmydk'f (ESifhtcef;BuD; 6)\t"duOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf tcef;BuD; 6 ü c&pf,mefrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifh]]twloN*ØKvfcHjcif;(6;4)ESifh}} vuf0g;uyfwkdifay:
twltaocHjcif;(6;6)aMumifh (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20) tjypfw&m;ü aoqHk;cJhMujcif;ESifh tvm;wlNyD;
qufpyfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf\ þacwfumvtopfü (2aum 5;17) c&pfawmftxJ
topfzefqif;aom owå0grsm;jzpfMuonf/ (6;4\rSwfcsuftjynfhtpHküMunfhyg)/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf
acwfumvta[mif;? vla[mif;ESifhacwfumvtopf? vlopfwdkYtMum; e,fedrdwfowfrSwfvdkufonf/
]]c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh}}/¤if;onf toif;awmfrSm c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mjzpfonf[laom "r®w&m;
qdkif&mtvdktm; &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ(1aum 12;12? 27) 6;3-11ü azmfjyouJhodkY c&pfawmf\½kyfcE¨mudk,f
udknTef;ygonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf a&ESpfr*Fvmtm;jzifh c&pfawmfESifh rdrdxyfwljyKvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh?
c&pfawmftaocHcJhpOf? olESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhNyDjzpfonf/ c&pfawmfaoqHk;jcif;onf? olwdkY\aoqHk;jcif;jzpf
onf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20)/ c&pfawmf\jyef½Sifaomtoufonf olwdkYtm; vGwfajrmufapNyD;?
¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifESifh tjcm;olrsm;tm; tapcH&efjzpfonf/
]]igwdkYonf bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;EkdifrnftaMumif;/}} ¤if;onfvnf; tcef;BuD; 6? txl;ojzifh
6;22 ESifhqifwlonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkYonf c&pfawmfü rdrdudk,frdrd csnfaESmifEdkif&ef? c&pfawmftm;jzifh ,ck
vGwfajrmufMuNyDjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf xdrf;jrm;NyD;aemuf qufvufaygif;azmfMujcif;ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/
c&pfawmfonf olwdkYtwGuf taocHonfenf;wl olwdkYonf ,cktcg tjypfüaoqHk;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/
(2aum 5;13-14/ *v 2;20)/ c&pfawmfjyefxonfenf;wl? olwdkYonfvnf; bk&m;ocifudkvnf;aumif;
(a&mr 6;22/ {zuf 2;5-6) tcsif;csif;udkvnf;aumif; (1a,m 3;16) tapcHEkdifMuap&ef 0dnmOfa&;&mtopf
aomb0jzifh jyefxMuonf/
7;5
]]taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom;ü ½SdcJhMucdkufwGif}}
]]taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom;ü½SdpOfwGif}}
]]igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom;ü touf½SifaecJhMuckdufwGif}}
]]taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\vlom;obm0ESifhtnD touf½SifcJhMupOfwGif}}
]]igwdkYrajymif;vJrDu}}
þti,fonf ti,f 4ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ti,f 4onf ,HkMunfolwpfa,muf\
tawGYtMuHKudk ti,f 6rSmenf;wl ajymjyonf/ ti,f 5onf bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfrygaom touf\
toD;taMumif; ½Sif;vif;a&;om;onf/ (*v 5;18-24)/ ynwfw&m;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; olwdkY\
tjypfudkazmfjyaomfvnf; (i,f 7-9/ *v 3;23-25) ¤if;tm; atmifjrifEkdif&ef tpGrf;wefcdk;ray;acs/
usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh od&onfrSm þpum;pkrSm ,HkMunfolonf tm'HrS tarGqufcH&½Sd
onfh usqif;aomtjypf½Sdjcif; ADZoabmudk &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 6;19)/ aygvku aoG;om;Zmwdqdkonfh
]]sarx}}a0g[m&tm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aomt"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;&m (1) tjypfobm0 (vla[mif;)ESifh (2)
½kyfudk,f cE¨m(1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5)jzpfonf/ þae&mü tysufoabmaqmifaomfvnf; a&mr 1;3/ 4;1/
9;3?5/ *v 2;20wdkYudk rSwfom;yg/ udk,fcE¨monf (sarx/soma)olYoabmESifhol qdk;npfonfr[kwfaomf
vnf; ¤if;onf vl\pdwfuJhodkY qdk;npfaom ,ckuyfumvtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkY
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufMu&m ppfajrjyifjzpfonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&tm; *&dpmayoabmjzifhroHk;bJ?*&dbmom
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
212
jyef"r®a[mif;usrf; (Septuagint)\oHk;EIef;yHkudkvdkufíoHk;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
aoG;om;Zmwd
(sarx)1;3/
]]ynwfw&m;onf...vIHYaqmfí}}? csKyfcs,frIrSeforQ twif;t"r®wkHYjyefavh½Sdaomvlom;\ awmfvSefykefuef
wwfonfh þobm0udk urÇmOD; 3ESifhvlom;tm;vHk;ü ½Sif;vif;pGmawGY&onf/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf
e,fedrdwfrsm; owfrSwfvdkufonf/ (i,f 7-8)/ xdke,fedrdwfrsm;rSm vlom;tm; umuG,f&efjzpfaomfvnf;?
vlom;onf ¤if;wdkYudk csnfaESmifrIESifhuefYowfrIrsm;tjzpf ½Ijrifonf/ tjypfygaomvGwfvyfonfh pdwf0dnmOf
udk bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfu vIHUaqmfEId;qGay;onf/ jyóemrSm tuefYtowfrsm;r[kwfbJ (i,f 12-13)
vl\rdrdudk,frdrd tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhtwåpdwfjzpfonf/
]]aojcif;w&m; toD;udkoD;aponf}}tvGefjyif;xefaomqefYusifbufjzpfonf/
1/ i,f 5 - bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;onf/
2/ i,f 6 - aojcif;w&m;toD;udk oD;aponf/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf aojcif;w&m;? tjypfw&m;ESifh ynwfw&m;awmfwdkYü aoqHk;cJhNyD;olrsm;jzpfum?
,cktcg bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftwGuf toD;oD;&ef touf½SifaeMuonf! aygvkonf tjzLESifhtrJuJhodkY
ay:vGifpGm aq;a&mifjc,fjyay;onf/ (8;2 \rSwfcsufuJhodkY y#dyu©oabmaqmifaomfvnf; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;[kwf
rSefaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf-para doxical) vlwpfa,mufonf tkyfpkESpfpkjzpfonfh tm'H\tkyfpk(0g)
a,½I\tkyfpkteuf wpfckckjzpfonf/ (5;12-21)/ a,½Iü½Sdaeolrsm;onf vGwfajrmufonf/ csnfaESmifonfh
t&mr½SdbJ? topfjzpfMuonf/ (*v 2;19-20)! ¤if;txJ qufvufavQmufvSrf;yg! arGYavsmfyg!
7;6 ]]odkYaomf ,ckürlum;}}Newman and Nida wdkY\ A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the
Romans ac:pmtkyfxJü pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m rSwfcsufwpfckawGY&onf/
]]ti,f 5ESifh6wdkY tvm;wljzpfaeMuyHkESifh? ¤if;wdkYESifh wpfqufwnf;azmfjyaomt&mwdkYESifh qufpyfrI
tm;od½Sd&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ ti,f 5onf c&pf,mefrjzpfrD tawGYtMuHKudk a&;om;azmfjyNyD;? ¤if;onf 725ESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/ ti,f 6url bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf acgif;aqmifrIatmuf½Sd ,HkMunfjcif;
toufwmudk azmfjyNyD;? 8;1-11ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (p. 130)
]]vGwfajrmufMu\/}} ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf IMPERFECT PASSIVE
INDICATIVE jzpfonfh ti,f 5 ESifhqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ynwfw&m;awmfxJ azmfjy
xm;onfhtwdkif; tjypf\csnfaESmifrI qufpyfcHMuonfrSefaomfvnf; {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;jzifh 0dnmOf
awmfonf olwdkYudk vGwfajrmufapcJhNyDjzpf\/þpum;vHk;udkyif ti,f 2 ½Sd vifa,musfm;aoqHk;cJhol rdef;rESifh
qdkifíoHk;onf/
]]aocJhMuNyDjzpfí...igwkdYtm;
csnfaESmifaom}}¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfum?
IMPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE wpfckvdkufvmonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;ukd c&pfawmftao
cHjcif;tm;jzifh vGwfajrmufaponfrSm
1/ "r®a[mif;\usdefqJrIrS
2/ ¤if;wdkY\tjypfjynfhaomtwGif; twåoabmrS
olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifzGifhjyxm;onfh tvdkawmftm; qefYusifykefuefrI? usqif;aomrdrdwdkY\obm0?
213
rdrdwdkYwpfOD;csif;\tjypfrsm;ESifh obm0xuf vGefuJaompHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;wdkY\csnfaESmifrI qufvufcH
pm;Muonf/ ({zuf 2;2-3)
]]topf...ta[mif;}}þ0dnmOfvrf;opfonf y#dnOfw&m;opftm; &nfnTef;aeonfESifhwl\/(a,&
31;31 -34/ a,Z 36;22-32)/ *&da0g[m& ]]topf}} (koinos-kainotes)udk aygvkoHk;onfrSm
1/ toufwmopf? a&mr 6;4 (6;4\rSwfcsufüMunfh&ef)
2/ 0dnmOfawmftopf? a&mr 7;6
3/ y#dnmOfw&m;topf? 1aum 11;2/ 2aum 3;6
4/ topfaomzefqif;jcif; (owå0g)? 2aum 5;17/ *v 6;15
5/ vlopf ? { 2;15/ 4;24
]]a[mif;}}qdkaoma0g[m&onf arma½S\ynwfw&m;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfNyD;]]vHk;0a[mif;EGrf;onf}}[k
t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ aygvkonf a[NAJMo0g'pm a&;om;olenf;wl (8;7ESifh13) y#dnmOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh
y#dnmOfw&m;topfwdkYtm; EIdif;,SOfjyjcif;jzpfonf/

NASB, NKJV ]]topf a om 0d n mOf a wmf t m;jzif h tapcH & ef } }
NRSV
]]igwdkYonf pmjzifha&;aomw&m;Oya'a[mif;\uRefrcH&bJ? topfaom0dnmOftm;jzifh}}
TEV
]]odkYaomf 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;opfjzifh}}
NJB
]]topfaom0dnmOfenf;vrf;jzifh tapcH&ef vGwfajrmufMu\}}
¤if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]0dnmOftopfü}}-in newness of spirit jzpfonf/ topfarG;zGm;aom
vlom;\0dnmOf(0g)oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOf b,f[mjzpfaMumif; raocsmay/ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkurl
oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukdnTef;um pmvHk;BuD;jzihfa&;Muonf/ ¤if;udk a&mr 8 xJü (15Budrf)awGY½Sd&mü 'Gd[
jzpf&m azmfjyrIrsm;teuf yxrqHk;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOf -[laoma0g[m&onf owif;aumif;ESifh0dnmOf awmf\
jyefvnfarG;zGm;apjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jznfhqnf;jcif; &½Sdxm;aomvlom;\0dnmOfukd &nfnTef;Edkifonf/ þa&mr
Mo0g'pmxJu usrf;csufrsm;rSm a&mr 1;4? 9/ 2;29/ 7;6/ 8;15/ 11;8/ 12;11/ 1aum 2;11/ 4;21/ 5;3? 4?
5/ 7;34/ 14;15? 16? 32/ 16;18/
aygvka&;om;aompmrsm;ü ]]aoG;om;^Zmwd}}(flesh)ESifh]]0dnmOf}}-spirit wdkYtm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh touf½Sifjcif;wdkYtm; EIdif;,SOfazmfjy&mü oHk;avh½Sdonf/ (7;14/ 8;4/ *v 3;3/ 5;16? 17?
25/ 6;8)bk&m;ocifrygaom ½kyfcE¨mtoufrSm ]](flesh)}}-aoG;om;^Zmwdjzpf(txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3ü
Munfh&ef)aomfvnf;? bk&m;ociftm;jzifhjzpfaomtoufrSm 0dnmOf-spirit/Spirit jzpfonf/ txJüusdef;0yfol
oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf (8;9? 11),HkMunftm; c&pfawmftxJü topfzefqif;aomowå0gtjzpfodkY
ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ (&yfwnfcsufESifh tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh)
a&mr 7;7-25tm; usrf;pum;tqufpyfjzihf em;vnf&jcif;/
u/ a&mr 7;7-25onf vlom;wpfa,muf\ZmwdrSefudk azmfjyonf/ u,fwifjcif;&onfjzpfap aysmufqHk;
aeoljzpfap vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYonf taumif;tqdk;\y#dyu©tm; rdrdwdkY\avmuESifh rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk;
rsm;xJ awGYMuHKcHpm;Muonf/ teufzGifhjcif;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rSm]]þusrf;ydk'fudk aygvkrnfuJhodkY em;vnf
apcsifoenf;}}? [líjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf usrf;pum;qufpyfrIoabmtm;jzihf 1;18-6;23ESifh 8;1-39 wdkY
214
ESihfqufpyf&ayrnf/ tcsKdUaomolwdkYonf ¤if;tm;vlom;tm;vHk;udk qdkvdkjcif;tjzpf jrifMuojzihf? Aygvk
\tawGYtMuHKtm; OyrmtjzpfjrifMuonf/ þt"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsuftm; ]]tw¬KyÜwådoDtdk&D}}[kac:onf/
aygvkonf ]]ig}}-I tm; vlyk*¾dKvfr[kwfaom t"dyÜg,fjzifh 1aum 13;1-3üoHk;onf/ ]]ig}}tm; vlyk*¾dKvf
r[kwfaomoabmjzifh oHk;EIef;jcif;tm; *sL;usrf;wwfq&mBuD;rsm;vnf; toHk;jyKaMumif; taxmuftxm;jy
Ekdifonf/ ¤if;twdkif; þae&mü rSefuefcJhrnfqdkvQif þusrf;ydk'frSm vlom;onf tjypfuif;pifjcif;rS
tjypfudkem;vnfod½Sdjcif;odkY ul;ajymif;rI (tcef;BuD; 8)tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ ]]udk,fpm;jyKaom
oDtdk&D}} (Oyrm Jerome Biblical Commentary, p.312)
rnfodkYjzpfap tjcm;olrsm;url þtcef;i,frsm;tm; ,HkMunfolwpfa,muf rdrd\usqif;aomvlom;
obm0ESifhaMumufrufbG,f&m tqufrjywf wdkufcdkufrItm; ajymjyjcif;tjzpf jrifMuonf/ (Oyrm
Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Karl Barth)ESvHk;uGJxGufavmufaom ti,f
24u atmfoHonf þtwGif;y#dyu©udkazmfjyonf/ ti,f 7-13twGif; AORIST ESifhIMPERFECT Bud,mrsm;
vTrf;rdk;aeum ti,f 14-25twGif;ürl PRESENT ESifh PERFECT Bud,mrsm;vTrf;rdk;aeygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
]]tw¬KyÜwådqdkif&moDtdk&D}} tm;,HkMunfvufcH&rnfhoabmjzpfum? aygvkonf rdrd\tawGYtMuHKjzpfonfh
tjypfuif;pifjcif;rSaeum? tjypftm; em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;? ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfaprIcH&jcif;ESifh y#dyu©
ESifhjynhfaom qufvufjzpfay:aeonfh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; c&D;vrf;Murf;BuD;tm; ajymjyaejcif;jzpfonf/
(ti,f 25½Sd ]]igudk,fwdkif-autos egŌ)
tjrifESpfrsKd;pvHk;vnf; rSefuefEdkifonfomjzpf\/ aygvkonf ti,f 7-13ESifh 25 (c)wdkYü tw¬KyÜwåd
oabmajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ti,f 14-25ürl a½G;EIwfu,fwifjcif;&½Sdol vlom;wpf&yfvHk;\ udk,fpm;tjzpf
rdrd\twGif;pdwfü tjypfESifhqdkifí ½kef;uefaomtawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjyjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap aygvk
onf topfarG;zGm;jcif; r&rD qufuyfonfh*sL;bmoma&;orm;wpfOD;jzpfojzifh þusrf;ydk'fwpfckvHk;tm;
ol\aemufcHum;csyfwpfcktjzpfvnf; jrifxm;&ayrnf/ aygvk\tawGYtMuHKrSm aygvkoufoufomvQif
jzpfonf/
c/ ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;rSvmonf/ bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnftm;
onfydk;NyD;? qufvufo,fydk;aeonf/ (7;7? 12? 14? 22? 25/ róJ 5;17-19)/ ¤if;onf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;^Nidrf oufjcif;(0g)u,fwifjcif; ray;Edkifacs/ (*vmwd 3)/ James Stewart onf rdrd\ A
Man in Christ pmtkyfxJ ü qefYusifaeoa,mifjzifh [kwfrSefaomaygvk\ pOf;pm;yHkESihf pma&;[efudk
azmfjyonf/
tawG;tjrifESifh Mo0g'enf;pepfwpf&yftm; rdrdudk,fwdkif csrSwfolwpfOD;onf rdrdoHk;onfh a0g[m&
rsm;\t"dyÜg,frsm;ukd wwfEkdiforQ wif;usyfpGJNrJpGm oHk;EIef;vdrfhrnf[k obm0tm;jzifh arQmfvifhMuayvdrfh
rnf/ rdrd\t"du pdwful;rsm;ukd pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh oHk;EIef;azmfjy&mü wdusrI½Sd&ef &nf½G,fvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifh
Muayrnf/ oif\pma&;olonf oD;oefYt"dyÜg,fwpfcktwGuf wpfcgoHk;onfhpum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm; wpf
avQmufvHk;wpforwfwnf; xdef;xm;oifhonf[kvnf; qdkMuayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf þyHkpHrsKd; aygvkoHk;jcif;½Sd
r½SdMunfh&onfrSm pdwfysufp&maumif;vSonf/ ol\pum;vHk;oHk;EIef;yHktrsm;pkrSm wnfNidrfjcif;r½Sd wif;usyfrI
uif;rJhonf.../]]ynwfw&m;awmfrSm oefY½Sif;onf/ uREfkyf\twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfudk
ESpfoufygonf}}[k a&;om;aomfvnf; (a&mr 7;12-13)ynwfw&m;\tjcm;rsufESmpmwpfckudkrl oluyif
]]c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtm; ynwfw&m;awmf\usdefqJjcif;rS a½G;EIwfcJhNyD}}[kqdkjyefonf/ (*v 3;13) (pm 26)
*/ ]]aygvkonf ti,f 14-25ü u,fwifjcif;&NyD;oludk ajymjcif;avm(0g)u,fwifjcif;r&oludk ajymjcif;
avm}}qdkonfh ar;cGef;twGuf usrf;csuftaxmuftxm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
215
1/ u,fwifjcif;r&oltm; &nfnTef;&mtjzpf
u/ ¤if;rSm *&dpum;ajymaomueOD;toif;awmf zcifBuD;rsm;\teufjyefrIjzpfonf/
c/ atmufygpum;pkrsm;onf þtjrifudk tm;ay;onf
(1) ]]igrlum; Zmwdyuwdjzpf\/}} i,f 14
(2) ]]tjypfw&m;vufü uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;cH&\/}} i,f 14
(3) ]]ightxJrSm aumif;aomt&mwpHkwckrQ rwnf½Sd}} i,f 18
(4) ]]ighudk,ft*Fgrsm;ü½Sdaom w&m;wyg;onf...igudk,ft*Fgrsm;ü½Sdaom tjypfw&m;vufodkY
ighudkbPf;csKyftyfESHonfudk igjrif\/}} i,f 23
(5) ]]igonf 'ku©qif;&JcH&oljzpfygonfwum;! þtaoaumifrS ighudkrnfol u,fvTwf
rnfenf;?}} i,f 24
*/ tcef;BuD; 6ESifhwqufwnf;ü igwdkYonf tjypf\uRefjyKjcif;rS vGwfajrmufNyD[k azmfjyonf/
¤if;\tquf tcef;BuD; 8onf ]]odkYjzpfí-so then}}jzifhponf/
C/ þusrf;ydk'f\tqHk;jzpfonfh ti,f25rwdkifrcsif; 0dnmOfawmf(0g)c&pfawmftm; azmfjyjcif;r½Sdacs/
2/ u,fwifjcif;&oltm; &nfnTef;&mtjzpf
(u) ¤if;rSm Augustine,Calvin ESifh jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;ac: Reformation acwfüoHk;onfh teufjyef
qdkrIjzpfonf/
(c) atmufygpum;pkwdkYonf þtjrifudkaxmufcHtm;ay;onf/
(1) ]]ynwfw&m;onf 0dnmOfyuwdESifhpyfqdkifonfudk igwdkYodMu\/}} i,f 14
(2) ]]ynwfw&m;ajzmifhonf[k ig0efcH\}} i,f 16
(3) ]]igonf usifhcsifaomtusifhaumif;udk rusifh/}} i,f 19
(4) ]]igonf twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk ESpfouf\/}} i,f 22
(*) a&mrMo0g'teufzGifholtrsm;pkonf tcef;BuD;7tm; oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;u@mefüxm;onf/
(C) ti,f 7-13twGif; Bud,myHkpHrsm; IMPERFECTESifhAORIST wdkYrS ti,f 14-24twGif;
ypöKyÜefum vjyBud,mrsm;odkY wqufwnf;ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKjcif;onf aygvktoufwmü
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIESifh u@opfwpfcktm;qdkvdkonf/ (Oyrm ol\ajymif;vJjcif;)
C/ ,HkMunfolwpfa,mufonf c&pfawmfESifhwl&ef ydkítm;xkwfav? rdrdütjypfrsm;aMumif; ydkíawGYMuHKcHpm;&
avjzpfonf/ qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa&mifjzifh rSefuefaom þtaMumif;t&monf þusrf;ydk'fESifh aygvk
\tjzpfESifhtvGefqDavsmfonf/ (,HkMunfoltrsm;pktwGufvnf; ta&;BuD;onf/ ¤if;ESifh qefYusifbuf
tjrifwpf&yfudk Gordon Fee \]]Paul, The Spirit, and the People of God}}pmtkyfüMunfhyg/
Henry Twells a&;pyfonfh Lutheran "r®oDcsif;pmtkyfü wpfckawGY&onfrSm
]]tdk? udk,fawmf½Sif? b,folrQpHkvifaomem;aejcif; r&Muyg/
tjypfESifhvHk;0uif;pifolr½SdaomaMumifhwnf;/
cGeftm;enf;um? rdrdtxJ trSm;ydkíawGYjrif&av/
udk,fawmftm; ydkítapcHMuavavyif/}}
aygvkonf rdrd\twdwfu zg&d½SJjzpfcJh&jcif;ESifh wdkufvSefaeqJjzpfcJhum? ]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}ESifh
]]tjypfaojcif;w&m;}}taMumif; wifjy&mü ¤if;tm; tajccHonf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/ odkYaomf uREfkyf
onf u,fwifjcif;&NyD;aemuf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifrItMum; rdrdudk,fwdkif ½kef;uefcJh&jcif;\xdckdufrIudkvnf; cHcJh
&onf/ ¤if;onf uRef\teufjyefjcif;tm; trSefyifta&mifwifay;ygonf/ Gordon Fee onf rdrd\ Paul,
216
pmtkyfü cdkifvHkrI½Sdaom tjcm;c&pf,meftawGYtMuHKESifh tjrifwpf&yftm;
wifjyonf[kxifygonf/ uRefawmfod½Sdonfh wif;rmrI(0g) y#dyu©wpfrsKd;jzpfonfh
1/ acwfa[mif; -acwfopf
2/ vla[mif;-vlopf
3/ ynwfcsuf-0dnmOfawmfonf c&pfawmftxJ udkifwG,fcJhNyDjzpfonf! atmifjrifrIudk igwdkYydkifqdkifMu
onf/ tcef;BuD; 7udk rnfonfh tcgürQ tm½kHrpdkuf&yg/ igwdkYonf olYtxJü atmifjrifrIudk
ydkifqdkifMuonf!
i/ a&mr 8 xJuaygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;/ (8;32u 0dbwf) sun-ESifhtwl
1/ i,f 16-sun (ESifhtwl with) + oufaocHonf
2/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + tarGcHol
3/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + 'ku©qif;&JcH
4/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + bkef;awmfcHpm;
5/ i,f 22-sun (ESifhtwl with) + nnf;nL
6/ i,f 22-sun (ESifhtwl with) + om;zGm;jcif; a0'emcH
7/ i,f 26-sun (ESifhtwl with) + ulnDrp
8/ i,f 28-sun (ESifhtwl with) + twl^yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif
9/ i,f 29-sun (ESifhtwl with) + yHko@mefajymif;vJ
þaygif;pyfpum;rsm;onf ]]ESifhtwlyl;wGJyg0ifonf}}(0g)]]twlyl;aygif;aqmif½Gufonf}}[kqdkvdkygonf/
the Spirit, and the People of God
/ 7;7-12
7
odkYjzpfí tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf; ? ynwfw&m;awmfü tjypf½Sdoavm ? rnfonfhtcgürQ
rjzpfEkdif! xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfvQif tjypfw&m;udk igrod&/
taMumif;rlum;]]avmbpdwfr½SdapESifh}}[laom ynwfw&m;awmfr½SdvQif avmboabmudkigrod/
8
odkYaomf tjypfw&m;onf ynwfcsuftm;jzifh tcGifhta&;,lum? igütrsKd;rsKd;aomavmbpdwfwdkYudk
jzpfyGg;ap\/ ynwfw&m;awmfr½SdvQif tjypfw&m;onfao\/ 9txufu ynwfw&m;awmfr½Sdojzifh
igonf touf½Sif\/ odkYaomf ynwfcsufa&mufvmaomtcg tjypfw&m;onf touf½Sifum?
10
igonf aoqHk;cJh&\/ touf½Sifapaomynwfcsufonf ightwGufaojcif;w&m;jzpfapaMumif; xif
½Sm;\/ 11taMumif;rlum; tjypfw&m;onf ynwfcsuftm;jzifh tcGifhta&;,lum? ighudkvSnfhjzm;vsuf
12
xdkw&m;tm;jzifh ighudkowf\/ odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh ynwfw&m;awmfonf oefY½Sif;um? ynwfcsuf
onf oefY½Sif;í? ajzmifhrwfum? aumif;jrwfonf/
7;7]]odkYjzpfí tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf;}}? aygvkonf oloHk;aeusa0zefjypfwifaoma&;[efudkyif jyefoHk;
onf/(6;1? 15/ 7;1? 13)/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmfü tjypf½Sdoavm}} qefYusifaeoa,muf½Sdaomfvnf; rSefuef
nDnGwfaomzGifhjyawmfrljcif;ü bk&m;ocifonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; aemifw&um? ,HkMunfjcif;½Sdvm
ap&ef (i,f 12-13/ *vmwd 3)ynwfw&m;awmf\ oefY½Sif;jcif;ESihfaumif;jrwfjcif;tm;? tjypfw&m;udk
azmfjyaom aMu;rHkrSefcsyfwpfckyrm toHk;jyKonf/ tHhMobG,f&myif ynwfw&m;awmfonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;
rjyKaomfvnf;? oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;twGufrl qufvufvkyfaqmifaeonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
arma½S\ynwfw&m;tay: aygvk\tjrif-13;9üMunfhyg/)
217
 ]]rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpfEdkif}}/ rSm;,Gif;aomtwnfajymMum;rIwpf&yftm; aygvkjiif;qdkyHk jiif;qdkenf;jzpf
onf/ (i,f 13/ 3;4? 6? 31/ 6;2? 15/ 9;14/ 11;1? 11/ *v 2;17/ 3;21)
 ]]xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm;/}} aygvkonf rdrdajymvdkonfhtcsuf ay:vGifap&ef jyif;xefaomqefYusifbuf
pum;rsm;ukd a&mrMo0g'pmüoHk;onfrSm ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ (3;4? 6? 31/ 6;2? 15/ 7;13/ 9;14/ 11;1?
11)
 ]]ig/}} tcef;i,f 7-25twGif; ]]ig}}(0g) ]]ig\}} ]]ightm;}}pum;vHk;tBudrfaygif; rnfrQygonfudk oif\
or®musrf;pmtkyfxJü rSwfom;yg/ thHMooGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ tBudrfaygif;av;q,fyif ausmfvGefonf/
 ]]ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfvQif? tjypfw&m;udk igrod&/}} arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf vlwpfOD;
csif;tm; tjypfudkazmfjyaom MunfhrSeftjzpf tvkyfvkyfonf[laom tqdkudkazmfjyaomusrf;ydk'frsm;teuf ¤if;
rSm wpfckjzpfonf/ (3;20/ 4;65/ 5;20/ *v 3;14-29 txl;ojzifh ti,f 24)/ ynwfw&m;awmftm;
wpfcgcsKd;azgufjcif;onf y#dnOfw&m;udk csKd;azgufjcif;yifjzpfum? ¤if;\tusKd;qufrsm;udk cH&efomjzpfonf/
(i,f 10 ESifh ,mukyf 2;10)!
 ]]ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifh r[kwfvQif/}}¤if;onf 'kwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0guswdkUjzpfjyD; ]]trSef
w&m;ESifh qefUusifbuf}}[kac:onf/aygvkonf tjypfw&m;taMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufonf/ ¤if;onf
þyHkpH o'´gtoHk;tEIef;tm; a&mr0g'pmüoHk;onfh wpfckwnf;aomOyrmjzpfonf/ aygvkonf 1aum2;8/
5;10/ 11;31 ESifh 2aum 12;11 wdkYrSmenf;wl *v1;10/ 3;21 wdkYüvnf;oHk;onf/
 ]]avmvpdwfr½SdapESifh/}} ¤if;onf ynwfawmfq,fyg;\ aemufqHk;ynwfcsuftm; &nfnTef;onf/
(xGuf? 20;17/ w&m;?5;21)/ þaemufqHk;aom ynwfcsufonf rSefuefaom pdwfaeoabmxm;udk azmfjy
jcif;jzpfum ¤if;wdkY tm;vHk;\ppfrSefaom oabmobm0vnf;jzpfonf/ (róJ5-7)/ ynwfw&m;awmf (The
law)udk ynwfcsuf–the commandment [kac:avh½Sdonf/ (i,f 8?9?11?12?13)/
]]avmbpdwf-covet}}/ pum;vHk;\t"dyÜg,frSm]]...tay:pdwfESvHk;xm;onf}}-to set one's heart on
odkYr[kwf ]]tjyif;txef wyfrufonf}}jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wdkYtwGuf (aysmufaeol rsm;ESifh
u,fwifjcif;&olrsm;) zefqif;jcif;rSwpfqifh aumif;aomt&m trsm;tjym;ay;xm;aomfvnf; vlom;wdkY
onf bk&m;ocifay;onfhrlabmifudk ausmfvGefum? bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifwdkYudk &,l&efMuH½G,f avh½SdMu
onf/ ]]b,favmufbJay;&? ay;& ightwGuf ydkíydkí}}qdkonfrSm olwdkY\&nf½G,fcsuf jzpfvmonf! twåpdwf
onf aMumufrufbG,f&m rif;qdk;rif;npfygwum;! txl;taMumif;t&m/ /13;8-9 üxGufajrmuf &musrf;
20;17 taMumif; rSwfpküMunfhyg/
7;8
NASB, NKJV ]]tcG i f ; ta&;,l } }
NRSV
]tcGifhta&;wpfck trdt&zrf;,l}}
TEV
]]tcGifhaumif;tjzpf ½Ijrif}}
NJB
]]¤if;tm;jzifh tjrwfxkwf}}
¤if;rSm ppfa&;a0g[m&jzpfum ]]urf;ajctajcpdkufpcef;}}(0g)]]ppfqifa&;XgecsKyf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/
(i,f 8 ESifh 11)/ þusrf;ydk'fü ¤if;udk vlom;uJhodkY wifpm;oHk;eIef;onf/(i,f 9?11)/ tjypftm; ppfa&;acgif;
218
aqmifwpfOD; uGyfuJonfh(i,f 11ESifh 17/ 6;12? 14? 16)ppfqifa&;wpf&yftjzpf a&;om;azmfjyonf/(i,f
11)/
 ]]ynwfw&m;awmfr½SdvQif tjypfw&m;onfao\/}} tjypf[lonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftm; qefY
usifykefuefjcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 4;15/ 5;13/ 1aum 15;56)/ þpum;pkü Bud,mrygojzifh
wpfvHk;jznfhpGufay;&efvdkonf/ jzpfqJjyBud,moHk;ygu wpfavmuvHk;twGuf ed,rw&m;wpfckjzpfoGm;vdrfh
rnf/ vkyfcJhNyD;aom twdwfumvjyBud,moHk;vQifrl aygvk\toufwmudkom &nfnTef;csufjzpfayrnf/
7;9]]txufu...igtouf½Sif\/}} ¤if;onf aygvktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifum (1) vlrSef;rodwwfrDt½G,f
(Bar Mitzvah rwdkifrD) odkYr[kwf (2) or®mw&m;jzpfaom owif;aumif;onf olESvHk;om;udk rxdk;azgufrDu
qufuyfaom zg&d½SJwpfa,muftaejzifh (wrefawmf 23;1/ zdvdydÜ 3;6/ 2wd 1;3)/ yxrtcsufonf
]]tw¬KyÜwåd oDtdk&D}}tm;jzifh tcef;BuD;7tm; teufjyefjcif;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf/ 'kwd,tcsufurl tcef;BuD;
7tm; ]]udk,fpm;jyKjcif; oDtdk&D}}tm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;udkjyonf/
 ]]ynwfcsufa&mufvmaomtcg tjypfw&m;onf touf½Sifum? igonf aoqHk;cJh&\/}} vlom;\
ykefuefwwfaompdwfukd wm;jrpfcsufrsm;u EId;qGay;onf/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfüyg½Sdaom ]]r...
ESifh}}onf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;\twåESifhrmeudk armif;wifay;vdkufonf/ (urÇm 2;16-17/ 3;1-6)/
5;21ESifh 7;8? 11? 17? 20wdkYrSmenf;wl tjypfw&m;tm; vlom;yHkpH qufvufwifpm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/
7;10]]touf½Sifapaom ynwfcsufonf ightwGuf aojcif;w&m;jzpfapaMumif; xif½Sm;\/}} ¤if;onf
0wfjyK 18;5/ w&m; 4;1(0g) a&mr 2;13 wpfckcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf rdrd
rwwfEdkifonfht&mtm; uwday;jcif;rSm ¤if;ü tjypfygír[kwfbJ? vlom;onf tm;enf;í? ykefuefwwf
oljzpfojzifh? ynwfw&m;awmfonf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfvmcJh&awmhonf/ (*v 3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum
2;14)/
7;11 ]]ighudk vSnfh jzm;vsuf? xdkw&m;tm;jzifh ighudkwwf\/}} þBud,mESpfckpvHk;vkyfcJhNyD;aomt&m
AORIST ACTIVE ESihfjzpf&yfrSefukd azmfjyaomBud,mESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfMuonf/ ]]vSnfhjzm;onf}}[laompum;vHk;
tm; urÇm 3;13ü {0udk a>ruvSnfhjzm;jcif;ü *&d"r®a[mif;-Septuagint(Lxx)wGifoHk;onf/ aygvkonf
þBud,mudk tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (a&mr 16;18/ 1aum 3;18/ 2aum 11;3/ 2ouf 2;3/
1wd 2;14)/ tm'HESifh{0wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; remcHjcif;jzifh 0dnmOfa&;ü aoqHk;oGm;cJh
Muonf/ (,ck ynwfw&m;awmfü zGifhjyonf/ 1aum 15;56)xdkenf;wl aygvkonfvnf; aoqHk;cJhum?
vlom;tm;vHk; wdkYvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfMu\/ (1;18- 3;20)
7;12 ¤if;rSm ynwfw&m;awmf aumif;jrwfaMumif; aygvk\twnfjyKcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm jyóemr[kwf
acs/ odkYaomf ]]tjypfw&m;}}taMumif; tcef;BuD; 6ESifh ]]ynwfw&m;}}taMumif; tcef;BuD; 7ü aygvktvm;wl
oHk;EIef;yHkwdkYudk a&mrtoif;awmf½Sd ,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd; Oya'oorm;wdkYtm; acgif;½IyfoGm;apvdrfhrnf/
(,HkMunftm;enf;olrsm;taMumif; 14;1-15;13)
219
NASB
/ 7;13
13
xdkYaMumifh aumif;jrwfaomt&monf ightwGuf aoapaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfvmoavm ?
rnfonfht cgürQ xdkodkYrjzpfEkdif! xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; tjypfonf tjypfjzpfaMumif;jyoap&ef? aumif;
aomxdkt&mtm;jzifh ig\aojcif;taMumif;jzpfay:apum? xdktjypfonf ynwfcsuftm;jzifh vHk;vHk;
tjypf½Sdap&efjzpfonf/
7;13
]]tjypfonf tjypfjzpfaMumif; jyoap&ef...tjypfonf ...vHk;vHk;tjypf½Sdvmap&ef}}
]]tjypfonf tjypftjzpfay:vmap&ef...tvGeftrif; tjypf½SdvmEkdif&ef}}
]]tjypfonf tjypfjzpfaMumif; jyoap&ef...rwdkif;wmEkdifavmufatmif tjypf½Sdap&ef}}
]]¤if;\ppfrSefaomoabmobm0udk tjypftjzpfESifhyif azmfxkwfap&ef}}
]]tjypfonf rdrdt\ta&miftqif;rsm;tm; jyoap&ef...¤if;\tjypf½Sdaomwefcdk;tm;vHk;jyK
EkdifpGrf;½SdcJh...}}
tjypf\qkd;aomobm0tm; ¤if;onf aumif;aomt&m? aumif;usKd;ay;aomt&mESifh arma½S\
ynwfw&m;rSmuJhodkY(qmvH 19? 119) bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDnTwfaomt&mjzpfae[ef½SdyHkESifh wpfcsdefwnf;ü
jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;ESifh aojcif;w&m;tjzpfodkY ajymif;vJoGm;jcif; ({zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)ü ½Sif;vif;pGmjrif&
onf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf bk&m;ocifay;orQ aumif;aomvufaqmifwdkif;tm; bk&m;ocifay;onfh
twdkif;twmudk ausmfvGefum,lcJhMuayNyD!
]]&ef}}-in order that; so that tjzpf bmomjyefaom hina (MuH½G,fcsuf)pum;pkESpfckwdkYudk rSwfom;yg/
0dbwfrsm;onf pma&;ol\&nf½G,fcsufudk xif½Sm;aponf!
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
 ]]vHk;vHk; tjypf½Sd}}txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk 1;30üMunfhyg/ qdk;
oGif;rI? raumif;aomt&m\oabmobm0onf vlyk*¾dKvfESifhwlaMumif;jyo&ef tjypf(w&m;)udk vluJhodkY
wifpm;azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / qdk;oGrf;rI\yk*¾dKvf 16;20 üMunfhyg/
NASB
14
/7;14-20
taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;awmfonf 0dnmOfESifhqkdifonfudk igwdkYodM uaomfvnf;? igonf
tjypf w&m;\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;jcif;cH&aom taoG;tom;ESifhqdkifoljzpfonf/ 15taMumif;
rlum; igjyKaomt&mudk igonfem;rvnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf igonf rdrdjyKvdkaomt&mudk
rusihfbJ? rdrdrkef;wD;aomt&m udkyifvkyfaeonf/ 16odkYaomf igonf rdrdrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkyif
vkyfonfqdkygu? ynwfw&m;aumif;jrwfygonf[k 0efcHum? ynwfw&m;awmfESifh oabmwlnDy g
onf/ 17xdkYaMumifh ,cktcg? xdkt&mudkjyKaeolonf igr[kwfbJ? ightxJaexdkifoltjypfjzpfonf/
18
taMumif;rlum;? ig\taoG;tom;jzpfaom ightxJü aumif; aomt&mbmrQ r½Sdonfudkigod\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vkyfvdkaomqEónf ightxJ½Sdaomfvnf; aumif;aomt&mvkyfjcif;onf r½Sd
acs/ 19tb,faMumihfqdkaomf igvkyfvdkaomaumif;onfht&mudk igrvkyfbJ? igrvkyfvdkaom qdk; onfh
t&mudkyif igusifh\/ 20odkYaomf igrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkyif igvkyfaeonfqdkvQif? ¤if;udkvkyfaeol
onf igr[kwfawmhbJ? ightxJaexdkifaomtjypfjzpfonf/
220
7;14]]ynwfw&m;awmfonf tjypfESifhqdkifonf/}} bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;jrwfonf/
¤if;ü jyóemr½Sdacs/ (i,f 12 ESifh 16)
 ]]igonf taoG;tom;ESifhqdkifoljzpfonf/}}aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk (1) ½kyfcE¨mudk,fudkqdkvdkjcif;jzpf
aom Mum;aet"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;jcif; (1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5) ESifh (2) tm'HtxJ vlom;rsKd;EG,f\usqif;aom
obm0udkqdkvdkjcif;t"dyÜg,fjzifh (i,f 5)toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ þae&mü rnfonfht"dyÜg,fudknTef;aMumif;
raocsmay/
 ]]tjypf\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;cH/}}¤if;onf PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfum ]]igonf
tjypf\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;jcif;cHcJhNyD;jzpfum? qufvufa&mif;cscHaeonf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ þae&m
ü tjypfudk uRefydkif½SifwpfOD;tjzpf wifpm;xm;onf/ jyKvkyfolrnfoljzpfaMumif; raocsmay/ pmwef? tjypf?
aygvk(0g)bk&m;ocifwpfrsKd;rsKd;jzpfEkdifonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü vlom;tm; rdrdxHawmfodkY jyefvnfqGJaqmifbdkY? bk&m;ocifoHk;aompum;vHk;rSm
a½G;EIwfonf(0g)? a½G;EIwf&efwefbdk;jzpfonf/ (tjcm;t"dyÜg,fwl pum;vHk;rsm;) ¤if;\rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm
]]jyefí0,f,lonf}}(ESifht"dyÜg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;udk txl;taMumif;t&m 3;24üMunfh yg)/ ¤if;\qefYusifbuf
oabmrSm þae&müoHk;onfhpum;pkjzpfaom ]]\vufüa&mif;cscH&aom}} jzpfonf/ (w&m;olBuD; 4;2/ 10;7/
1"r® 12;9)/
7;15-24/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;wpfa,mufü ]]bk&m;obm0 (2ay 1;4)½Sdaomfvnf; usqif;aomobm0
vnf;½Sdonf/ (*v 5;17)/ tjypftvkyfrvkyfEkdif&ef pGrf;tm;BuD;pGm jyKxm;aomfvnf; (a&mr 6;6)vlom;\
tawGYtMuHKonf a&mr 7 udkvdkufvmonf/ vlom;wdkif;\ESvHk;om;xJü acG;rJwpfaumifESifh acG;jzLwpfaumif
pD½Sdonf[k *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;qdkygonf/ rdrdtpmtrsm;qHk;auR;aom taumifrSm tBudD;qHk;jzpfvmonf/
þusrf;ydk'fudk uRefawmfzwf½I&if; obm0ESpfrsKd;wdkY\ aeYpOfwdkufcdkufrIudk aygvk½Sif;vif;onfhtwdkif;
ol\a0'emudk uRefawmf awGYMuHKcHpm;ygonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf usqif;aomrdrdwdkY obm0rS vGwfajrmuf
apjcif; cHcJhMuNyDjzpfaomfvnf;? ¤if;\aoG;aqmifrIudk uRefawmfwdkY qufvufcHaeMuonfrSm pdk;&drfbG,f&myif
jzpfonf/ jyif;xefaom0dnmOfwdkufyGJonf u,fwifjcif;&NyD;aemufrSom pwifavhonfrSm tHhMobG,fjzpf
onf/ &ifhusufjcif;[lonf oHk;ygwpfqlbk&m;½SifESifh wif;rmrIjynfhESufaom aeYpOfrdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh
qdk;oGrf;rI? aeYpOfwdkufcdkufryif jzpfayawmhonf/ (8;12-25? 26/ *v 5;16-18/ {zuf 6;10-18/ aum
3;5-10/ J. D. G. Dunn \ Jesus and the Spirit pmtkyfüMunfhyg/)
7;16?20]]vQif}}ESpfckpvHk; yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;jzpfum? pma&;oltjrifü trSef[kjrifxm;jcif;(0g)
ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/
7;18]]ig\taoG;tom;jzpfaom ightxJü? aumif;aomt&m bmrQr½Sdonfudk igod\/}} aygvktcdkif
trmajymaeonfrSm ½kyfcE¨mudk,fonf raumif;[lír[kwfbJ? ¤if;onf usqif;aomobm0ESifh bk&m;ocif
\0dnmOfawmfwdkY wdkufcdkuf&m ppfajrjyifjzpfonf[líjzpf\/ *&dvlrsKd;wdkYonf tjcm;aomt&mtm;vHk;enf;wl
vl\udk,fcE¨mrSm qdk;0g;onf[k qGJudkifxm;Muonf/ ¤if;onf rSm;,Gif;aom aemhpwpft,l0g'jzpfonfh
ESpfrsKd;0g'(dualistic)qdkaom t,l0g'jzpfay:aponf/ ({zuf? aumavmoJESifh a,m[efMo0g'pmrsm;)
*&dvlrsKd;wdkYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mjyóemrsm;twGuf ]]½kyfcE¨m}}udk tjypfwifMuonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&wdkY
tm; 0dnmOfa&;&mtjzpf r½ljrifacs/ olonf tjypfudkyk*¾dKvftjzpfwifpm;um? vlom;onf bk&m;½Sif\ynwf
w&m;awmfudk ykefuef&jcif;rSm raumif;aom xdkt&m(yk*¾dKvf)onf vlobm0tm; usL;ausmfwdkufcdkufrItjzpf
221
toHk;jyKonf/ aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;½Sd ]]taoG;tom;}}-flesh [laompum;vHk;onf (1)ukd,fusifhw&m;qdkif
&mü Mum;aejzpfaom½kyfcE¨m(1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5) ESifh (2) tm'HxHrS tarGqufcH&½Sdaom usqif;onfh
obm0 (i,f 5)wpfckckjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om; Zmwd (sarx)-1;3üMunfhyg/
7;20]]ightxJü½Sdaomtjypf}}a&mrMo0g'pmonf vlom;\tjypfudk tvGef½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyaomfvnf;
16;20 rwdkifrDpmweftm; razmfjyonfrSm pdwf0ifpm;p&mjzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\tjypfjyóem
twGuf pmwefudktjypfwifír&acs/ uRefawmfwdkYü a½G;cs,fydkifcGifh½Sdonf/ tjypfudk bk&ifwpfyg;? rif;qdk;
rif;npf? uRefydkif½SifwpfOD;tjzpf wifpm;onf/ ¤if;onf uRefawmfwdkYtm; bk&m;ay:rSDcdkrIuif;um? rnfrQyif
ay;qyf&onfjzpfap rdrd\twåudk a½SYwef;wif&ef zsm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifonf/ tjypfudkyk*¾dKvftjzpf aygvk
wifpm;jcif;onf urÇm 4;7u vlom;\a½G;cs,frItm; ay:vGifaponf/
aygvkonf ]]½Sd (aexdkif}}-dwell [laompum;vHk;udk þtcef;BuD;xJtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (i,f
17? 18?20)/u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcg tjypfjynfhaomobm0udk rzsufpD;(0g)z,f½Sm;vdkufjcif; rjyKaomfvnf;?
tvkyfrvkyfEkdifatmif pGrf;tm;BuD;pGm wm;qD;onf/ ¤if;onf qufvufí pGrf;tm;rJhjzpfoGm;a&;rSm rdrdwdkYtxJ
usdef;0yfaeol0dnmOfawmfESifh rdrdwdkY\ yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrIay:rlwnfonf/(8;9?11)/ bk&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvf
tjzpf wifpm;xm;olESifh yk*¾dKvfjzpfaom(pmwefESifh0dnmOfqdk;rsm;)tjypftm; wGef;vSefNzdKzsuf&ef vdktyforQudk
,HkMunfoltm; axmufyHh ay;tyfonf/ ¤if;rSm oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\twl½Sdaejcif;ESifh wefcdk;awmfjzpf
onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom u,fwifjcif;udkvufcHonfhtwdkif;?
bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ xda&mufpGmwm;qD;rIudkvnf; vufcHMu&
ayrnf/ u,fwifjcif;ESifh c&pf,meftoufwmrSm ,HkMunfol\aeYpOfqHk;jzwfrItm;jzifhyif tqHk;owfaom
aeYpOfqufvufjzpfay:aeonfht&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY\vdktyfrItm;vHk; axmufyHhay;
tyfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf(a&mr 8)? 0dnmOfvufeuftpHktvif ({zuf 6;11)? zGifhjyawmfrljcif;Âsm'dwf
awmf^{zuf 6;17ÊSifh qkawmif;jcif;({zuf 6;18)ponfwdkYjzpfonf/
þwdkufyGJonf jyif;xefaomfvnf; (a&mr 7)tEkdif&aomwdkufyGJjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8)/
NASB
21
aumif;aomtusihfudkusifhcsifaom uREfkyftxJü qdk;aomt&m½Sdaeonf[laom ed,rw&m;udk
22
igawGY\/ taMumif;rlum; igonf twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfESifh 0rf;ajrmuf
pGm oabmwlnDnTwfonf/ 23odkYa omf ig\pdwfxJuw&m;udk qefYusifwdkufcdkufí? ightm; rdrd\
udk,ft*Fgrsm;xJ½Sd tjypfw&m;\aus;uRefjzpfapaom? tjcm;qefYusifbufw&m;wpfck ig\udk,fcE¨m
t*Fgrsm;ü igjrif&\/ 24igonf 'ku©onfjzpfa eygaumvm; ! aojcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaom þcE¨mudk,f
rS ighudk b,folvGwfajrmufaprnfenf; ? 25igwdkY\ocifa,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;
awmfcsD;rGrf;yg\! odkYjzifh igonf wpfzufü rdrdpdwftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk tapcH
aomfvnf; tjcm;wbufürl? ig\taoG;tom;jzifh tjypfw&m;udktapcH\/
7;22 ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmf}}/ þpum;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf arma½S\ynwådusrf;udknTef;
onf[k em;vnfMuonf/ *sL;r[kwfolrsm;twGufrl
1/ obm0w&m;tm;jzifh oufaocHawmfrljcif; (a&mr 1;19-20/ qmvH 19;1-6)
2/ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mtwGif; MowåyÜpdwf (a&mr 2;14-15)
3/ vlrIa&;qdkif&mpHrsm; (0g)½kd;&m"avhrsm;
222

]]twGif;vltm;jzifh}}
]]twGif;bufvl\oabmtm;jzifh}}
]]ig\tqHk;pGefaomtwå^Zmwdü}}
]]ig\twGif;vl}}
aygvkonf vl\tjyifvl(½kyfcE¨m)ESifh twGif;vl (0dnmOfcE¨m)[lí 2aum 4;16ücGJjcm;onf/ þusrf;
ydk'fü þpum;onf aygvk\tydkif;(0g)bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifh ynwfawmfudkrSefaMumif; 0efcHonfhu,f
wifjcif;&aomvlom;udk &nfnTef;onf/
1/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmfrSm 0dnmOfa&;jzpfonf}} 7;14
2/ ]]igvkyfvdkaomt&m}} 7;15
3/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmf aumif;jrwfonf[k 0efcHum? ynwfw&m;awmfudk oabmwlonf}} 7;16
4/ ]]vkyfvdkaomqEíghtxJ½Sdonf}} 7;18
5/ ]]igvkyfvdkaomaumif;jrwfonfht&m}} 7;19
6/ ]]igrvkyfvdkaom qdk;onfht&mudkrS igjzpfaponf}} 7;19
7/ ]]igrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkrS igvkyfaeonf}} 7;21
8/ ]]aumif;aomt&mvkyfvdkol}} 7;20
9/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; 0rf;ajrmufpGm oabmwlonf}} 7;22
10/ ]]ig\pdwfxJuw&m;}} 7;23
11/ ]]rdrdpdwftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; tapcH}} 7;25
bk&m;ocifESifhEIwfuywfawmftm; oduRrf;rIonf rvHkavmufaMumif; tcef;BuD; 7u jyoonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;ü 0dnmOfawmfvdktyfonf (tcef;BuD; 8)!
NASB
NKJV
NRSV, NJB
TEV
7;23 wu,fhjcm;em;rIwpfck 6;2/ 8;2ESifh 7;23wdkYü½Sdonf/ ynwfawmf (nomos)tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;yHkudk þ
tcef;i,fonf ½Sif;vif;pGm ay:vGifapum (1) tjypfw&m; (8;21? 25)ESifh (2) bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmf
(i,f 22? 25)wdkYudk &nfnTef;onf/ apmapmydkif;u tcef;i,frsm;jzpfonfh ti,f 4? 5? 6? 7? 9ESifh 12wdkYü
aygvkonf þpum;vHk;udkoHk;&mü "r®a[mif;usrf;udkqdkvdkonf/ aygvkrSm "r®ynmü enf;pepform;r[kwf
acs/ olonf ]]ynwfawmf}}-law \oabmü tcuftcJawGYaeonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\
zGifhjyawmfrljcif;? vlom;twGuf tHhMobG,f&mtcrJhvufaqmifjzpfcJhaomfvnf;? tjcm;wbufü ¤if;onf
tjypfw&m;tm; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfum? usqif;aomvlom;rvdkufemEkdifonfh e,fedrdwfrsm; ½Sif;vif;pGm csrSwf
xm;aomt&mvnf;jzpfaeygonf/ xdke,fedrdwfwdkYrSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\zGifhjyrIomvQifr[kwfbJ (qmvH 19;7
-14/ 119)udk,fusihfw&m;vrf;nTefrItm;vHk;jzpfonfh obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrljcif; (qmvH 19;1-6/
a&mr 1;18- 3;31) (0g)vlrIa&;pHrsm;ESihf? "avhxHk;pHrsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkYb0toD;oD;udk rdrd
udk,frdrduom tjynfht0udk,fwG,fvdkol ykefuefolrsm;jzpfMuonf!
7;24 ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;&½Sdolwpfa,muf ajymjcif;jzpfEkdifygovm;? tcsKdUur[kwfyg[k ajymjcif;jzifh
þtcef;BuD;ckepfonf udk,fusihfw&m;? bmoma&;udk &nfnTef;um? u,fwifjcif;r&oludk ajymjcif;jzpfoGm;ap
onf/ tjcm;olrsm;url [kwfygonf[k ajymjyjcif;jzifh þtcef;BuD;onf owif;aumif;wif;rmrIjzpfonfh
,HkMunfolrsm;twGif;]]jzpfaeNyD;om;t&mESifh rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}udk&nfnTef;onf/ tem*wfumvü jzpfysuf
rnfht&mrsm; ,ckray:vGifao;acs/ þt&mESpfckMum; vSpf[maeyHkudk &ifhusufaom,HkMunfolonf pl;½SpGm
odjrifonf/
223

NASB
]]aojcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaom þcE¨mudk,f}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]aojcif ; ES i f h q d k i f a omcE¨ m ud k , f } }
TEV
]]ightm; aojcif;w&m;okdY ac:aqmifoGm;aom þudk,fcE¨m}}
NJB
]]aobdkY&ef pD&ifcsufcsxm;onfh þudk,fcE¨m }}
½kyfcE¨mESihfpdwfwdkYonf olwdkY[molwdkY qdk;oGrf;onfr[kwfacs/ ¤if;wdkYrSm þurÇmN*dKvfay:½Sd touf
twGufESifh rdrdESihf rdwfo[m,jyK&ef bk&m;ocifzefqif;aomt&mrsm;yifjzpfonf/ olwdkYudk ]]tvGefaumif;}}
aomt&mrsm;tjzpf zefqif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 1;31)/ odkYaomf urÇmOD; 3onf vlom;ESifhþN*dKvftm;
ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ þurÇmrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfapvdkaom urÇmr[kwfbJ? uRefawmfwdkYonfvnf; bk&m;o
cifMuH½G,fxm;onfh vlom;rsm;r[kwfMuawmhacs/ tjypfonf zefqif;jcif;tm; jywfjywfxifxif xdcdkufoGm;cJh
onf/ tjypfonf aumif;rGefaomt&mudk vlom;xHrS,lum? twåudktajcjyKonfh qdk;oGrf;aomt&mtjzpf
wGefYvdrfoGm; aponf/ cE¨mudk,fESihfpdwfrSm aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifhtjypfwdkY\ ppfajrjyifjzpfvmonf/ aygvkonf
xdkwdkufyGJudk pl;½SpGmcHpm;onf! olonf uyfumvtopf? udk,fcE¨mtopf? bk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;
wdkYudk awmifhwonf/ (8;23)/
7;25 ¤if;onf ydkrdkjrifhrm;aomtydkif;jzpfonfh a&mr 8 \tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtcef;BuD; 8
üyif ti,f 5-11ü awGU&aom tvm;wlqGJqefYrIrsKd;awGU&onf/
aygvkonf rnfolYtm; ajymaeoenf;qdkonfh ar;cGef;onf teufzGifhorm;rsm;tm; csmcsmvnfoGm;
aponf/
1/ olYudk,fwdkifESifh ,k'bmomtwGif; olYtawGUtMuHKrsm;
2/ c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vHk;
3/ vlom;rsm;\ Oyrmjzpfoltm'H
4/ tpöa&;ESihfynwfw&m;awmftm; oloduRrf;yHkESifh odonfhtwdkif; emcH&efysufuGufyHk
vlyk*¾dKvfESifhqdkifaom]]ig}}onf # 1(7-13? 25)ESifh #2(14-25)wdkYESifh qufpyfonf/ a&mr 7;7-25
tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&yHküMunfhyg/ tcef;BuD; 7\ emusifrIa0'emonf tcef;BuD;
8\ cef;em;x,f0grIESifh qufpyfNyD;? ¤if;udk ausmfvGefíyifoGm;ygonf!
 ]]bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zll;awmfcsD;rGrf;ygonf}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/aygvk\csD;rGrf;jcif;?qkawmif;jcif;ESifh bk&m;ocif
tm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;
aygvkrSm csD;rGrf;aomoljzpfonf/ olonf "r®a[mif;usrf;ukd oduRrf;onf/ qmvHusrf;\yxrtydkif;
av;ydkif;pvHk; bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;jzifh tqHk;owfonf/ (qmvH 41;13/ 72;19/ 89;52/ 106;48)/
aygvkonf bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;um? yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh txl;wvnf; csD;usL;jcif;jyKonf/
1/ ol\Mo0g'pmrsm;\ tzGifhed'gef;rsm;ü
u/ tzGifhaumif;csD;ay;jcif; (0g)EIwfqufpum;rsm; (a&mr 1;7/ 1aum 1;3/ 2aum 1;2)
c/ tzGifhr*Fvmpum;rsm; (eulogētos, 2aum 1;3-4/ {zuf 1;3-14)/
2/ yGifhxGufvmaom wdkawmif;onfhcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;
u/ a&mr 1;25/ 9;5
224
c/ 2aum 11;31
3/ bk&m;ociftm; csD;usL;jcif;rsm;(doxa-glory ac:bkef;awmfqdkonfh toHk;tEIef;ESifh]]xm0&}}qdkonfh
toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh awGY&onf)
u/ a&mr 11;36/ 16;25-27
c/ {zuf 3;20-21
*/ zd 4;20
C/ 1wd 1;17
i/ 2wd 4;18
4/ aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; (Oyrm eucharisteŌ)
u/ Mo0g'pmed'gef;rsKd;jcif;rsm; (a&mr 1;8/ 1aum 1;4/ 2aum 1;11/ {zuf 1;16/ zd 1;3/ aum
1;3? 12/ 1ouf 1;2/ 2ouf 1;3/ zdavrkef 4/ 1wd 1;12/ 2wd 1;3)
c/ aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;&ef ac:zdwfrIrsm; ({zuf 5;4? 20/ zd 4;6/ aum 3;15? 17/ 4;2/ 1ouf
5;18)/
5/ yGifhxGufvmaom wdkawmif;onfhaus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;
u/ a&mr 6;17/ 7;25
c/ 1aum 15;57
*/ 2aum 2;14/ 8;16/ 9;15
C/ 1ouf 2;13
i/ 2ouf 2;13
6/ tqHk;owfaumif;csD;ay;jcif;rsm;
u/ a&mr 16;20? 24
c/ 1aum 16;23-24
*/ 2aum 13;14
C/ *v 6;18
i/ {zuf 6;24
aygvkonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;tm; "r®oabmESifh tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifhyg od½Sdonf/ ol\Mo0g'pm
rsm;udk qkawmif;jcif;ESifh csD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;jzifh tpjyKavh½Sdonf/ ol\wifjyrIrsm;tv,fü *kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;
ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm; yGifhxGufvmavh½Sdonf/ rdrd\Mo0g'pmrsm; tqHk;owf&mü qkawmif;&ef?
*kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;&efESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;&ef owd&avh½Sdonf/ aygvk\pmta&;tom;rsm;onf qkawmif;
jcif;?*kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;jzifh touf½SLaeonf/ olonf bk&m;ocifudkodonf/
rdrdudk,frdrdodum? owif;aumif;udkod½Sdonf/
tm;? rdrdukd,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;
225
1/ tcef;BuD; 6onf tcef;BuD; 7 ESifh rnfuJhodkY qufpyfoenf;?
2/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ynwfw&m;onf "r®opfusrf; ,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;? (2aum 3;111/ a[NAJ 8;7? 13)
3/ rdrdwdkY\b0a[mif;ESifh rdrdwdkY\qufpyfrItm; ½Sif;vif;&ef aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 6ESifh 7wdkYü rnfonfh
OyrmESpfrsKd;jzifh ½Sif;vif;oenf;?
4/ c&pf,mefonf arma½S\ynwådusrf;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?
5/ a&mr 7;7-25tm; teufzGifh&mü tw¬KyÜwådoabmESifh udk,fpm;jyKjcif;oabmjzifh teufjyefjcif;ESpfrsKd;wdkY\
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIudk rdrdpum;jzifh ½Sif;vif;yg/
6/ a&mr 7\azmfjyrIrSm u,fwifjcif;r&aomolvm;? r&ifhusufaom,HkMunfolvm;? odkYr[kwf ,HkMunfol
tm;vHk;udkbJvm;?
226
a&mr 8
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vdkufcJGjcif;
UBS4
0dnmOfawmfxJtouf
NKJV
8;12-17
8;12-17
bk&m;\u,fwif
aomvkyfaqmifrI
8;1-4
aoG;om;xJESifh
0dnmOfawmfxJtouf
8;5-8
8;9-11
0dnmOfawmfESifhom;
t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;
8;12-17
vmvwåHUaom
bkef;wefcdk;
8;18-25
'ku©cHjcif;rSbkef;BuD;
jcif;odkY
8;18-30
pHkvifjcif;udkarQmf
vifhjcif;
8;18-25
arwåmawmf
xm0&arwåmawmf
8;28-30
arwåmawmftm;
8;31-39
8;31-39
8;31-39
8;1-11
txJusdef;0yfaom
tjypfrS vGwfajrmufjcif;
8;1-11
NRSV
tausmhvdkuf zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfoHk;(pm
Xi
TEV
NJB
0dnmOfawmf
xJtouf
8;1-8
0dnmOfawmfESifh
qdkifaomtouf
8;1-11
8;9-11
8;12-17
8;12-13
bk&m;\om;orD;rsm;
8;14-17
tem*wfü
igwdkY\yef;wdkif
bkef;BuD;jcif;
bkef;BuD;jcif;
8;18-25
8;18-25
bk&m;onf rdrd\
bkef;awmfudka0rQ&½Sd
&efigwdkYudkac:xm; onf/
8;28-30
8;28-30
c&pfawmfa,½I
arwåmawmfbGJU
,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; xJarwåmawmf
8;31-39
8;31-39
Munhf)
rl&if;pma&;ol\ &nf½G,fcsufudk pmydk'ftvdkuf em;vnfjcif;
¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&efrl
rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm;&efjzpfrnf/
or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;
jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd, pmydk'
4/ ... pojzifh
227
u/ þtcef ; BuD ; onf 1;18ü aygvk p wif a jymcJ h a omt&m\ txG # f txd w f j zpf o nf / ¤if ;\tprS m
]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif; rcH&}} (w&m;Oya'qdkif&m &yfwnfcsuf)[líjzpfNyD;? tqHk;rSm ]]rcGJjcm;Edkif}} (wpfOD;csif;
rdwfo[m,jyKrI)[líjzpfonf/ "r®oabmtm;jzifh ¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;rS oefY½Sif;apjcif;odkY
a½GYvsm;oGm;um? wzefoefY½Sif;apjcif;rS bkef;BuD;apjcif;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;onf/ (i,f 29-30)
c/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; rdrd\0dnmOfawmfay;jcif;ü "r®oabmtm;jzifh aqG;aEG;wif
jyrI tajctaewdk;wufjzpfay:yHkjzpfonf/ (½Sifa,m[ef\wifjyyHk a,m[ef 14;12-31/ 16;7-16)/
ti,f 14 \tjyKcHBud,m (PASSIVE VERB)ü vkyfaqmifolrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfum? usqif;cJhNyD;ol
vlom;rsm;\b0 toufwm xJ {0Ha*vdw&m; ouf0ifvIyf½Sm;yHkudk ajymjyonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf
olwdkYESifhtwl? aexdkifum? olwdkYtxJ usdef;0yfvsuf olwdkYtxJü c&pfawmfudk pwifyHkazmfoGm;rnfjzpf
onf/ þtcef;BuD; 8ü 0dnmOf[l aoma0g[m& 21BudrfausmfoHk;um? tcef;BuD; 7ürl xdkpum;vHk;ryg
acs/ (xdkenf;wl tcef;BuD; 3-6 twGif; xdkpum;vHk;rygbJ? tcef;BuD; 1-2twGif; oHk;Budrfomyg0if
onf / *&d p um; p n e u m a onf rnf o nf h a e&mü vl \ 0d n mOf j zpf N yD ; ? rnf o nf h a e&mü
oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk&nfnTef;aMumif; aocsm&efcufcJrI½Sdonf)
*/ b0toufwmü vlom;rsm;vdkufaomtjrifESpfrsKd; ESpfpm;ygavh½Sd&m (wpfOD;csif;\avmutjrifrsm;)
touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHESpfrsKd;? OD;pm;ay;ESpfrsKd;? vrf;ESpfvrf;(vrf;us,fESifhvrf;usOf;)pojzifh½SdNyD;? þae&mürl
aoG;om;ESifh oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ wpfrsKd;onf touf½Sifapum? tjcm;wpfrsKd;onf
aojcif;odkYydkYaqmifonf/ þt&mudkyif "r®a[mif;usrf;\ynmqdkif&musrf;rsm;ü xHk;pHtm;jzifh ]]vrf;ESpf
vrf;}}[kac:onf/ xm0&touf? 0dnmOftoufpojzifh odjrifem;vnfavmufaom xl;jcm;rIrsm;½Sdonf/
(aoG;om;aemuf vdkufjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfaemufvdkufjcif;wdkYrSm qefYusifbufrsm;jzpfonf/)
"r®oabmqdkif&m þtaMumif;t&mwpfckvHk; (a&mr 1-8)ü pmwefpum;vHk;rygaMumif; rSwfom;yg/
a&mr 16;20 rwdkifrcsif; olYtm; razmfjyacs/ pl;pdkufrIjyKonfrSm vlom;\tm'Hqdkif&m usqif;aomobm0
jzpfonf/ vlom;onf bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuefrItwGuf? obm0w&m;udk ausmfvGefaomtjzpftysuf
wpfckjzpfonfh {'ifO,smOfxJu aoG;aqmifjcif;udk (]]rm&fewfaMumifh igvkyfwm!}})[laom usqif;onfh
vlom;\taMumif;jycsufudk þenf;jzifh aygvkonf þjrifuGif;rS z,f½Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlom;ü wm0ef½Sd
onf/
C/ þtcef;BuD;ü or®mw&m;trsKd;rsKd;tm; taMumif;t&mtvdkuf tpkvdkufazmfjyjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? [dk[m
jyefazmfjy? onf[mjyefqJG,lum azmfjyjcif;jzpfojzifh tusOf;csKHU&ef vGefpGmcufcJonf/
i/ ti,f 12-17ü pdwfcs,HkMunfjcif;taMumif;tm; ,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajymjyonf/
1/ yxrqHk;tcsufrSm urÇmYtjrifajymif;vJvmyHkESifh 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh jzpfajrmufoGm;aom touf
½Sifjcif;yHkpHopfjzpfonf/
2/ bk&m;ocifudk aMumuf½GHUjcif;tpm; rdom;pkcspfjcif;arwåmonf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tpm;xdk;0if
vmonf/
3/ wwd,rSm uRefawmfwdkY\om;jzpfjcif;t&mtm; oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh twGif;bufrS
twnfjyKay;jcif;jzpfonf/
4/ pwkw¬tcsufrSm þtwnfjyKay;jcif;t&mrSm usqif;aomþavmujyóemrsm;ESifh ½kef;uefrIrsm;
tv,füyif rSefuefaocsmaejcif;jzpfonf/
228
p/ ti,f 31-39 rSm w&m;cGifyHkpHjzpfum? "r®a[mif;ya&mzufrsm;\ pma&;[efyHkpHjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifrSm
w&m;olBuD;? pmwefrSm w&m;vdk? a,½IrSm ckcHavQmufvJol (tusKd;aqmifa½SUae)ESifh aumif;uifwrefwdkY
rSm yGJMunfhy&dowfESifh ,HkMunfolvlom;wdkYrSm pmwef\pGyfpGJcHolrsm;jzpfMuonf/(a,mb 1-2/ Zmc&d 3)/
1/ w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;
u/ igwdkYwbufü (i,f -31)
c/ tjypfwif (i,f 33)
*/ ajzmifhrwf&müwnfap (i,f 33)
C/ jypf'PfpD&if (i,f 34)
i/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay; (i,f 34)
2/ w&m;pJGqdkjcif; ]]tb,fol}}(i,f 31? 33? 34 (3-cg)? 35
3/ c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\yHhydk;rprI (i,f 32? 34)
4/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS rcGJxkwfEdkif
u/ avmutajctaersm; (i,f 35)
c/ "r®a[mif;usrf;rS qmvH 44;22 (i,f 36)
*/ atmifjrifjcif; (i,f 37? 39)
C/ obm0vGef tajctaersm; (0g)taMumif;&if;rsm; (i,f 37-39)
pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;
1
xdkYaMumifh ,ckwGif a,½Ic&pfawmfxJ½Sdolrsm;twGuf 'PfpD&ifjcif;r½Sdawmhacs/ 2taMumif;rSm
c&pfawmfa,½ItxJu toufESifhqdkifaom 0dnmOfawmfw&m;onf tjypfESifhvnf;aumif;? aojcif;ESifh
vnf;aumif; qdkifaomw&m;rS oifwdkYudkvGwfajrmufapcJhNyD/ 3taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;awmfonf
aoG;om;ZmwdaMumifh tm;enf;um? rwwfEkdifaomt&mudk bk&m;ocifonf jyKawmfrlum? rdrd\
om;awmftm; tjypfESifhjynfhaom aoG;om;Zmwd\yHko@mefudkaqmifvsuf? tjypfylaZmf&mtjzpf
apvTwfum? tjypfudk aoG;om;Zmwdü jypf'PfpD&ifonf/ 4¤if;rSm aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkr vdkufbJ?
0dnmOfawmftvdktwdkif;vdkufaom igwdkYtxJü ynwfw&m;awmf\ awmif;qdkrIjynfhpHkap&efjzpfonf/
5
taMumif;rlum;? aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif;vdkufaom olrsm;onf aoG;om;ZmwdESifhqdkifaomt&m
rsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;Muaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmf\tvdktwdkif;vdkuf aomolrsm;onf 0dnmOfa wmfESifh
qdkifaomt&mrsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;Mu\/ 6taMumif;rlum;? aoG;om;Zmwdudk pGJvrf;jcif;onf aojcif;
7
jzpfaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmftm; pGJvrf;jcif;rSm touf½Sifjcif;ESifh Nidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf aoG;om;ZmwdpGJvef;jcif;onf bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifbufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/taMumif;
rSm aoG;om;Zmwdonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk remcHEkdif/ taMumif;rSm emcHjcif;vnf;
rjyKEkdif/ 8aoG;om;Zmwdü usifvnfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\pdwfawmfudk rawGYEkdifacs/
8;1
NASB
]]xdkYaMumifh ,ckwGif}}- Therefore there is now''
NKJ V, NRSV ''there is therefore now''
TEV
''There is''
229
]]xdkYaMumifh taMumif;&if;...}}the reason, therefore
¤if;onf aemufydkif;taMumif;t&mtm; jyefíajymjyonf/ tcsKdUonf 7;24-25tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf
[kqdkaomfvnf;? 3;21- 7;25tm; &nfnTef;jcif;ydkíjzpfEkdifonf/
NJB
 ]]r}}*&d0gusü]]r}}onf t&ifqHk;pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfü½Sdolrsm; (i,f 1-3)ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\tvdk
twdkif;vdkufaomolrsm; (i,f 4-11)tm; tav;teufjyK azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þae&mü y#dnOfw&m;opf\
rsufESmpmESpfrsKd;yg½Sdonf/
1/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmftxJu tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfonf
2/ ¤if;ü touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfckjzpfonfh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m wHkYjyefrIvdktyfonf/
ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapjcif;onf (5;1-11)jrif&onfht&m (tjzpfrSef- INDICATIVE)ESifh pdwfoEÅmefü
½Sdaomt&m(IMPERATIVE)ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ajymqdkazmfjycsufESifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpf
onf/
 ]]Jjypf'PfpD&ifjcif;}}þpum;vHk; katakrima udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ü oHk;avhr½Sdaomfvnf; vdkufemaqmif
½GufrIr½Sdjcif;twGuf usdefqJjcif;tr*Fvmudk xif[yfaponf/ w&m;a[m 27;26(w&m;a[m 27;26udk usdefqJ
jcif;ESifhtwljzpfaom *v 3;10üoHk;onf)/ ]]w&m;½kH;\pD&ifcsuftwdkif; jypf'Pfay;jcif;}}[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/
¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh qefYusifum w&m;½kH;awmf? w&m;Oya'ESifhqdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm aygvkoHk;aom
a0g[m&jzpfum (5;16? 18)"r®opfusrf;rS vTJvQifrnfonfhae&mürQ roHk;acs/
jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;oabmudk pmwefonf bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;tm; y#dnOfw&m;csKd;azgufonf[k pGyfpGJ
&müoHk;um? aemufydkif;ü tpöa&;vlrsKd;r[kwfaom a,mbuJhodkYaomolrsm;tm; pGyfpGJ&müoHk;onf/ (a,mb
1-2)/ odkYaomf ,cktcg ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ynwfw&m;bufü c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhMuNyDjzpf&um;
(a&mr 6) ynwfw&m;awmfyifjzpfap? pmwefyifjzpfap? pGyfpGJp&mtaMumif;r½Sdawmhacs/
King James Version bmomjyefusrf;onf ti,f 1ü]]aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf
tvdkaemufvdkufaomol}}pum;pktm; jznfhpGufonf/ a½S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf; trsm;tjym;wdkYwGif ti,f 1
ü þpum;pkrygacs/ UBS4onf ¤if;udkcsefxm;um]]A}}tqifh(aocsm)owfrSwfonf/ xdkpum;pkrSm ti,f 4
usrS omygonf/ ¤if;onf "r®oabmt& ti,f 1ESifhvHk;0roifhawmfaomfvnf; ti,f 4 ESifhrl vHk;0udkufnD
onf/ ti,f 1-3onf &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefY½Sif;pifMu,frI (tjzpfrSefudkazmfjyjcif;)jzpfNyD; ti,f 4-11 ürl
tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;(6;4\txl;taMumif;t&m) odkYr[kwf c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; (cdkif;ap
jcif;-8;29\ txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg)/ William R. Newell \Romans Verse by Verse (Moody,
1938) \pmrsufESm 289½Sd atmufajcrSwfpkudk rSwfom;yg/
]]bmomjyefusrf;wpfckjzpfaom Revised Version onf}}aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\
tvdkodkY vdkufaomol}}[laompum;pktm; rSefuefpGmcsefxm;onf/ vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 300ausmfu King
James bmomjyefaomtcsdefumvrSpí? ,ckuREfkyfwdkYü½Sdaom taumif;qHk;trSefqHk; *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;
jyefvnfawGY½SdvmcJhMuonf/ King James bmomjyefrSpí vufa&;jzifha&;ul;&mü ygvmaomrSm;,Gif;rIrsm;
tm; jyifqif&müMumanmif;um? ysif;&dNid;aiGYbG,f&maumif;vSaomfvnf; vGefpGmtusKd;BuD;vSaomtvkyftm;
bk&m;ocifudk ½kdaoudkif;½Idif;olrsm;onf qE´jyif;jypGmESifh wnfMunfpGmvkyfcJhMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;
odxm;Muonfhtwdkif; or®musrf;pm\rlv yxrrl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm; uRefawmfwdkYür½Sdawmhacs/ vlom;rsm;
yDyD½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,f&ef tNrJpdwf,dkifolvlom;rsm;vufxJ xdkrlvvufa&;usrf;rsm; ½Sdraeap&ef bk&m;
ociftvdk½Sdíjzpfonf/
230
a&mrtcef;BuD; 8 ti,f 1 ukd]]c&pfawmfa,½ItxJü}}pum;pkjzifh tqHk;owf&rSmjzpfNyD; ¤if;twGuf
taMumif;&if;av;ck½Sdonf/ (1) ]]aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\tvdkodkY vdkufaomol}}pum;pk
tm; tcef;i,f 1rS csefvSyfxm;&mü *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;\taxmuftxm; BuD;rm;pGm½Sdum? þpum;vHk;rsm;
tm; tcef;i,f (4)üxnfh&ef tm;vHk;u oufaoxlaeygonf/ (2) 0dnmOfoabmt& em;vnf&jcif;onf
vnf; oabmwlnDonf/ taMumif;rSm þpum;pkudk tcef;i,f 1ü xnfhygu igwdkY\vHkjcHKrIonf bk&m;o
cif\0dnmOfawmfay: rrlwnfawmhbJ? rdrdwdkY\avQmufvSrf;rIay:rlwnfjcif; jzpfoGm;aponf/ odkYaomf c&pf
awmfa,½ItxJ½Sdoltm;vHk; jypf'PfpD&ifcsufESifhvGwfuif;aMumif; þMo0g'pmwavQmufvHk;ü yGifhvif;pGm
oGefoifxm;onf/ odkYr[kwfygu igwdkY\vHkjcHKrIonf c&pfawmftxJ rdrdwdkY\taetxm;aMumifhr[kwfbJ?
igwdkY\vdkufavQmufrIay: rlwnfjcif;jzpfoGm;onf/ (3) þpum;pktm; tcef;i,f 4tqHk;üxm;&ef oifhawmf
yHkrSm ½Sif;vif;vSonf/ taMumif;rSm ti,f 4onf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;rS ,HkMunfolvGwfajrmufaMumif;tm;
½Sif;vif;a&;om;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfol\avQmufvSrf;yHkudk a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/(4)King Jamesbmom
jyefusrf;ü tcef;i,f 1tqHk;pum;vHk;rSm wpfrsKd;jzpfum? (usrf;pma&;ul;oltcsKdU\ atmufajcrSwfpk)¤if;
onf pvHk;BuD;jzifh a&;aomvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh Aleph, A, B, C, D, F, G, A, D(corr.) wdkYrSmenf;wl
tcsKdUaomaumif;rGefonfh pmvHk;ao;jzifha&;onfhpmrlrsm;ESifh a½S;a[mif;bmomjyefusrf;rsm; (Olshausen,
Meyer, Alford, J.FESifh Darby \ Synopsis, in loc ü xl;uJaomaqG;aEG; wifjyrI wdkYudkMunfhyg/) odkYaomf
w&m;Oya'udk aMumufjcif;aMumifh þgloss pum;enf;wl tjcm;aomaygif;xnfhjcif;rsKd;vnf; tjcm;usrf;ydk'f
rsm;üawGY&onf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm; bmomjyef&efESifh xdkbmomjyefusrf;rsm;onfvnf; rl&if;
pmrsm;enf;wl tcGifhtmPm½SdNrJ½SdapyHkudk a[NAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;tm; *&dbmomodkYjyefaom Septuagint (Lxx)udk
"r®opfusrf;ü &nfnTef;toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh od½Sd&onf/
bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtwGuf csefay;xm;cJhaom tqdkygvufa&;usrf;rsm;ukd av;eufpGmavhvm&mü
rdrdwdkY\b0wpfckvHk; qufuyftoHk;jyKcJhMuaomolwdkYaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYü½Sdaom þrQtHhMobG,f&m pHkvif
jynfh0onfh bmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;tm; uRefawmfwdkYudk ay;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifMu&rSm
jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkYaom usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd rmeaxmifvTm;aom acwfopf0g'rsm;-Modernist (odkYr[kwf
,cifu]]Higher Critics ac:olrsm;)rsm;ESifh t<uif;rJh? tNrJxm0&cGJjcm;od½SdMu&ayrnf/ taMumif;rSm xdkacwf
opf0g'orm;rsm;rSm bk&m;ocifajymcJhaomt&mtm; awGY½SdEkdif&ef euf½Idif;pGm ESdrfhcsNyD;pl;prf;½SmazG&rnfh tpm;
bk&m;ocifonf or®musrf;pmxJü þodkYajymoifhaMumif;tm; uRefawmfwdkYudkajymjy&ef wm0ef,lolrsm;jzpfMu
aomaMumif;wnf;/ (p.289)
 ]]c&pfawmfa,½ItxJ½Sdol}}aygvk\þxl;jcm;aompum;pkrSm ,ckacwfopftoHk;tEIef; ]]wpfOD;csif;quf
oG,frI}}ESifh twlwljzpfonf/ aygvkonf a,½Iudkodonf? cspfonf? tapcHum? olü0rf;ajrmufonf/ owif;
aumif;rSm ,HkMunf&efowif;pum;ESifh BudKqdk&ef yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ 'roufNrdKU oGm;&mvrf;ray: olESifh
awGYcJhaom? aojcif;rSxolc&pfawmfESifh (wref 9)ol\qufqHa&;rS touf½Sif&ef wefcdk;&½Sdonf/ aygvk\
a,½ItaMumif; "r®oabmw&m;rSm a,½IESifhawGYNyD;rS aygufzGm;vmonf/ olonf rdrd\tawGYtMuHKudk
½IyfaxG;aompsmefw&m;rS &½Sdjcif;r[kwfbJ? omoemvkyfief;tm; cGefESifhtm;ESifhvkyf&mrS &½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
(róJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/ ocifbk&m;udk oduRrf;&jcif;rSm olYudktapcH&efjzpfonf/
&ifhusufaomc&pf,mef rSm owif;pum;wpf&yf? yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;ESifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfckjzpfonf! (1;5\
rSwfcsufü Munfhyg)/
231
8;2]]toufESifhqdkifaom 0dnmOfawmfw&m;...tjypfESifhvnf;aumif;? aojcif;ESifhvnf;aumif;qdkifaomw&m;}}
¤if;\jzpfEkdifacs/ &nfnTef;csufrSm1/ tjypfESifhqdkifaomw&m; (a&mr 7;10? 23? 25)ESifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftopf(a&mr
7;6? 22? 25)wdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;
2/ ]]cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;}}(,mukyf 1;25/ 2;8? 12)\wzufNydKifbuf ]]arma½S\ynwådusrf;}}(7;612)/
3/ acwfa[mif;\wzufNydKifbuf acwfopf
4/ y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh y#dnOfw&m;topfwdkY NydKifbuf(a,& 31;31-34/ "r®opfusrf;\a[NAJ
Mo0g'pm)
þqefYusifbufyHkpHrSm qufvufjzpfay:aeonf/
1/ c&pfawmfxJu toufjzpfaom0dnmOfawmfw&m;\NydKifbuf-tjypfESifhaojcif;w&m;/ i,f 2
2/ aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk\NydKifbuf-0dnmOf\tvdk/ i,f 4ESifh 5
3/ aoG;om;ZmwdESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;/ i,f 5
4/ aoG;om;ZmwdESihfqdkifaomt&mrsm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;tm; pdwfpGJ
vrf;jcif;/ i,f 5
5/ aoG;om;Zmwdtm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmftm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;/ i,f 6
6/ aoG;om;Zmwd\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmf/ i,f 9
7/ aovljzpfaom udk,fcE¨m\NydKifbuf-touf½Sifaom0dnmOf/ i,f 10
8/ oifwdkYao&vdrfhrnf\NydKifbuf-oifwdkYtouf½Sifvdrfhrnf/ i,f 13
9/ uRefjzpfjcif;0dnmOfr[kwf\NydKifbuf-om;jzpfapjcif;0dnmOf/ i,f 15
NASB \or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;(pm? 1645)ü a&mrMo0g'pmxJü ynwfw&m;-law(Oya')pum;vHk;
oHk;EIef;yHkrsm;taMumif; pdwf0ifpm;p&m pm&if;wpfck½Sdonf/
1/ xdef;csKyfjcif;wefcdk;/ 8;2
2/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmf/ 2;17-20/ 9;31/ 10;3-5
3/ arma½S\ynwådusrf; (yxrusrf; ig;usrf;)/ 3;21
4/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wpfckvHk;/ 3;19
5/ Oya'owpfck/ 3;27

NASB, NRSV
NJB
]]oifwdkYudk vGwfajrmufapNyD}}NKJV, TEV ]]igh u d k vG w f a jrmuf a pNyD } }
ti,f 2-3onf tcef;BuD; 6 \"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m owif;pum;jzpfonf/ a½S;a[mif;*&d
vufa&;usrf;rsm;ü rwlaomemrfpm;tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/
1/ A,D, K&Pvufa&;rlrsm;ü ]]ightm;}}hhjzpfonf/
2/ Aleph, B,F&G wdkYü ]]oifwdkYtm;}}jzpfonf/
3/ aemufydkif;üjzpfaom pmvHk;BuD;jzifha&;onfh Shema ü]]igwdkY}}jzpfonf/
UBS4usrf;jyKolrsm;onf ]]oif}}tm;]]B}}tqifh(aocsmoavmuf)owfrSwfonf/ UBS3url]]D}}tqifh
(tvGefcufcJonf)ay;onf/
232
rluGJrsm;ü awGY&onfhemrfpm;]]igwdkY}} ]]oifwdkY}}(0g) ]]ightm;}} ]]igwdkYtm;}} wdkYonf aygvka&;om;aom
pmrsm;ü jyefíay:vmavh½Sdonf/
8;3]]ynwfw&m;awmfrvkyfEkdifonfht&m}}/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf aumif;jrwfí oefY½Sif;onfrSefaomf
vnf; vlom;onf tm;enf;í tjypfjynfhonf/ (7;12? 16)/ þae&m½Sd Bud,mrSm trSeftm;jzifh
emr0daooe adunaton jzpfum? ]]rjzpfEkdif}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdavh½Sdonf/ (róJ 19;26/ a[NAJ 6;4? 18/ 10;4/
11;6)/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf ]]cGeftm;r½Sd}}[kqdkvdkjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (wref 14;8/ a&mr 15;1)/ ynwfw&m;awmf
onf vGwfajrmufapjcif;rjyKEkdifacs/ (*v 3;21)/ ¤if;tpm; jypf'PfpD&if&m? aoqHk;ap&mESifh usdefqJ&mjzpf
oGm;onf/ (*v 3)
 ]]aoG;om;ZmwdaMumifh ¤if;onf tm;enf;}}/ ¤if;rSm tcef;BuD;7 üaygvkt"duaqG;aEG;onfht&mjzpf
onf/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;jrwfum oefY½Sif;aomfvnf; tjypf½Sdí? usqif;um? Ykefuef
wwfaomvlom;onf ¤if;\awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk raqmif½GufEkdifacs/ aygvkonf *sL;usrf;wwf&AÁdq&mBuD;
rsm;enf;wlr[kwfbJ? urÇmOD; 3\tusKd;qufrsm;ukd tav;teufjyKonf/ *sL;usrf;wwfq&mBuD;trsm;pkwdkY
onf þavmutwGif; tjypfudkvIHYaqmfonfrSm urÇmOD; 6rSjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/
 ]]bk&m;ocifonf jyKawmfrlum? rdrdom;awmftm;...apvGwf}} y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ü usqif;aom
vlom;rjyKEkdifcJhonfht&mudk y#dnOfw&m;opfü bk&m;ocifonf (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-36)
a,½Itm;jzifh jyKawmfrlcJhonf/ (a[½Sm 53/ a, 3;16)/ bk&m;ocifonf jyifyo@mefqdkif&m awmif;qdkrIrsm;
jyKjcif;tpm; twGif;o@mefqdkif&m 0dnmOfawmf? topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfwdkYudk yHhydk;ay;cJhonf/
þy#dnOfw&m;opfonf vlom;\aqmif½GufrIay: tajcrjyKbJ? aemifw&jcif;ESifh c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom
tvkyftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;rIay: tajcjyKygonf/ ({zuf 2;8-9)/ odkYaomf y#dnOfw&m;ESpfrsKd;vHk;wdkYonf
bk&m;w&m;ESifh avsmfnDaom touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHopftm; arQmfvifhonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/
 ]]tjypfESifhjynfhaom aoG;om;Zmwd\yHko@mefudkaqmifvsuf}} tvm;wlor®mw&m;udk zdvdyÜd 2;7-8ü
azmfjyonf/ a,½Iü vlom;ukd,fcE¨mppfppf½SdcJhonf/ (odkYaomf tjypf½Sdaomobm0r[kwfacs/ zd 2;7-8/
a[NAJ 7;26)/ olonf igwdkYppfppfyifjzpfonf/ olonf igwdkYenf;wl t&mtm;vHk;ü pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;
cHcJhaomfvnf;? tjypfrjyKcJhacs/ (a[NAJ 4;15)/ olonf uRefawmfwdkYay: em;vnfrI½Sdonf/ olonf uRefawmf
wdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/ (8;34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24)/
 ]]tjypfylaZmf&mtjzpf}}/]]ylaZmf&m}}pum;pkudk NJB ESifh NRSV wdkYü xnfhxm;onf/ þoabmudk 2aum
5;21 ESifh 1ay 2;24wdkYü awGY&onf/ a,½IrSm taocH&ef<uvmonf(a[½Sm 53;4-6? 10-12/ rmuk 10;45)/
a,½I\tjypfuif;pifaom touf(tjypfwifp&muif;aom)onf vlom;tm;vHk;\(a[NAJ 10;6? 8/
13;11)tjypfajz&mjzpfvmonf/ (a,m 1;29)/
 ]]tjypfudk aoG;om;Zmwdü jypf'PfpD&ifonf/}} a,½I\udk,fcE¨maoqHk;rIonf vlom;wpfOD;csif;jyK
aomtjypfrsm;(arma½S\ynwfw&m;jyKouJhodkY)omvQifr[kwfbJ? vlom;\tjypfobm0 jyóemav;euf
aMumif;jyoum? ajz½Sif;onf/ bk&m;ocif\xm0&a½G;EIwfjcif;&nf½G,fcsufudk NyD;pD;aponfrSm ol\b0
toufwm? ol\taocHjcif;? jyef½Sifjcif;ESifh aumif;uifbHkodkY jyefwufjcif;rsm;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 2;23/
233
3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29)/ olonf vlom;rsm; rnfodkYjzpfEkdifaMumif;ESifh rnfodkYjzpf&rnftaMumif;udkvnf;
uRefawmfwdkYudk jyocJhonf/ (a,m[ef 13;15/ 1ay 2;21)/
8;24 þti,fonf y#dnOfw&m;opftm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (a,& 31;33 ESifh a,Z
36;26-27)/ ¤if;onf uRefawmfwdkY\u,fwifjcif;ü u@ESpf&yfaqmif½Gufonf/
1/ a,½Ionf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;\awmif;qdkrIrsm;ukd jynhfpHkapum? olYtm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;
tm;jzifh ol\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf tcrJhvufaqmiftjzpf ajymif;vTJay;
onf/ xdkodkYjyK&mü ,HkMunfolwdkYü xdkufwefrI½Sdr½SdESifh roufqdkifay/ ¤if;udk ajzmifhrwf&mü
wnfapjcif;âjzmifhrwfapjcif;(odkY)&yfwnfrItm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,frI[k uRefawmfwdkYac:Mu
onf/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolwdkYudk topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfESifh topfaom0dnmOfay;
onf/ ,ckuRefawmfwdkYonf 0dnmOfawmftxJ avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfum? aoG;om;Zmwdü avQmuf
vSrf;jcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;udk wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;[kac:onf/
c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;rSm topfaomy#dnOfjyKjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfum? ¤if;ü tcGifhta&; (u,fwifjcif;vuf
aqmif)ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;(c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; 6;13)ESpfrsKd;pvHk;yg0ifonf/
Jerome \or®musrf;pmteufzGifhusrf; (pm? 315)ü o'´gydkif;qdkif&m pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom
aumufcsufcsrIwpfckjyKum? PRESENT PARTICIPLE udk]]ightm;}}qdkonfhpum;vHk;jzifh jznfhpGufvdkufjcif;jzpf
onf/ xdkokdYjyKjcif;aMumifh cRif;csufygaomazmfjyrIwpfck jzpfoGm;apum? xda&mufaomc&pf,meftoufwmrSm
AdwåZHjcif;tm;jzihf tvdktavsmufjzpfvmonfr[kwf[k qdkaomoabmaqmifoGm;aponf/ uRefawmfwdkYvlom;
rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;tm; a½G;cs,f&efjzpfonfenf;wl? c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif;udkvnf; a½G;cs,f&efjzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYudk OD;aqmifum cGeftm;ay;aeaomfvnf;? vdkufemaqmif½Guf&ef twif;t"r®r
jyKacs/
 ]]aoG;om;ZmwdtvdkrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmftvdktwdkif;vdkufaom}}tvm;wlqefYusifbufoabmudk
*v 5;16-25ü awGY&onf/ ajzmifhrwfonf[k w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&oltm; ajzmifhrwfaomb0toufwm
vdkufvm&rSmjzpfonf/ y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&m topfaomESvHk;ESifh pdwfrSmu,fwifjcif;twGufr[kwfbJ? ¤if;\
tusKd;qufjzpfay:ap&efjzpfonf/ xm0&toufü odom? jrifomaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;½Sdonf/ (róJ 7)!
8;5 aygvkonf ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}}ü touf½Sifjcif;ESifh ]]0dnmOfawmf}} ü touf½Sifjcif;wdkYudk i,f 5-8ü
EIdif;,SOfjyonf/ (aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk *v 5;19-21ESifh ]]0dnmOfawmftoD;}}- 5;22-25)/ 8;2 \rSwfcsuf
tjynfhtpHkMunfhyg/
8;6]]pdwfpGJvef;}}/rsufvHk;ESifhem;wdkYrSm 0dnmOf\jywif;aygufrsm;jzpfaMumif; *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYoabmaygufonf/
tjypfonf tawG;urÇmrS tpjyKonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\umvMum½SnfawGUonfhtwdkif; jzpfvmMu
onf/ (a&mr 12;1-2/ zd 4;8)!
aygvkonf vlom;rsm;txJ½Sdaom ]]&nf½G,fcsuf}}ESpfrsKd; (yetzers)ESifhqdkifí *sL;usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;\
a½S;½kd;pOfvmtjrifudk rvdkufacs/ aygvkajymonfrSm usqif;aomzefqif;cHvlom;txJü aumif;aom
&nf½G,fcsufr½SdbJ? ¤if;onf 'kwd,arG;jcif;&NyD;rS pwifonf[líjzpfonf/ twGif;0dnmOfwdkufyGJrSm oefY½Sif;
aom0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yf&mrS tpjyKvmonf[líjzpf\/ (a,m 16;7-14)/
234
 ]]touf}}/ touf(zoe)onf uyfumvtopfü½Sdaom toufjzpfonfh xm0&toufudk &nfnTef;onf/
 ]]Nidrfoufjcif;}}þa0g[m&\rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm]]usKd;yJhaomt&mudk ydk;ícsnfxm;onf}}[líjzpf\/ (a,m
14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /Nidrfoufjcif;-5;1üMunfhyg/ "r®opfusrf;ü Nidrfoufjcif;peace pum;vHk;toHk;jyKyHk oHk;rsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhuRefawmfwdkY&½Sdaom Nidrfoufjcif;jzpfonfh jrifEkdifaomor®mw&m;
(aum 1;20)
2/ bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefaeonf[k uRefawmfwdkYpdwfxJü cHpm;&jcif;â,m 14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)
3/ *sL;vlrsKd;ESifh tjcm;wyg;vlrsKd;wdkYtm; c&pfawmftm;jzifh topfaomcE¨mudk,fwpfcktxJ bk&m;o
cifaygif;pnf;ay;jcif; ({zuf 2;14-17/ aum 3;15)/
8;7-11/ bk&m;ocifxHrS uGJxGufaomvlom;udk aygvka&;om;azmfjyyHk trsKd;rsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ bk&m;ociftm; &efbufjyKjcif;- i,f 7
2/ bk&m;ociftm; remcHjcif; - i,f 7
3/ bk&m;ocif auseyfap&ef rwwfEkdifjcif;- i,f 8
4/ 0dnmOftm;jzifh aoaeum? xm0&aoqHk;jcif; jzpfoGm;ap- i,f 10-11
a&mr 5;6? 8ESifh10wdkY\ qifwlrIudkMunfhyg/
8;7
NASB, NRSV ]]aoG ; om;Zmwd p G J v rf ; jcif ; onf bk & m;ocif t m; qef Y u sif b uf j yKjcif ; jzpf o nf } }
NKJV
]]aoG;om;pdwfonf bk& m;ociftm; &efbufjyKjcif;jzpfonf}}
TEV
]]olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ &efolrsm;jzpfvmMuonf}}
NJB
]]tpDtpOftwdkif;r[kwfaom
vlYobm0\pdwfaeoabmxm;rSm
bk&m;ociftm;
qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf}}
þpum;pkonf ]]aoG;om;Zmwdpdwftm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;onf aojcif;jzpf\}}[laom ti,f 6ESifh
]]aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkvkdufí avQmufaomol}}qdkonfh ti,f 5u pum;pkwdkYESifh tvm;qifwljzpfaeyHkudk owd
jyKyg/ usqif;aomvlom;\obm0rSm pdwfpGJvrf;rI (urÇmYtjrif)ESifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH(7;5)ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpf
aMumif; rSwfom;yg/ txl;taMumif;t&m aoG;om;Zmwd (sarx)taMumif;1;3üMunfhyg/
 ]]taMumif;rSm emcHjcif;vnf;rjyKEkdif/}}usqif;aomvlom;onf bk&m;ocifudkvdkuf&ef a½G;cs,fjcif;rjyK
onf omru? bk&m;ocifudkvkdufjcif;iSgvnf; rwwfEdkifMuacs/ usqif;aomvlom;onf oefY½Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ulnDrIr&ojzifh 0dnmOfa&;&mudpörsm;tm; wHkYjyefrIrjyKEdkifacs/ (a[½Sm 53;6/ 1ay 2;24-25)/
bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkif tpjyKOD;avh½Sd&rSmjzpfonf/ (a,m 6;44? 65)/ ¤if;onf y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&m
a½G;cs,frIjyK&jcif;wdkYudk z,fxkwfjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; vlom;wdkYrSm wHkYjyefolrsm;jzpfNyD;? tpjyKolrsm;r[kwf
aMumif; ½Sif;vif;pGm a&;om;xm;onf/
8;8 ]]aoG;om;Zmwdü usifvnfolrsm;}} aygvkonf þpum;pkoHk;EIef;yHk ESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ ½kyfcE¨mudk,f (a&mr 1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5)
235
2/ bk&m;ocifrygyJ? vlom;\tm;xkwfrI (a&mr 7;5/ 8;4-5)
þae&mü #2yHkpHjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ykefuefaom? r,HkMunfaomvlom;rsKd;EG,fudk&nfnTef;onf/ txl;
taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om; Zmwd(sarx)-1;3üMunfhyg/
9
rnfodkYjzpfap oifwdkYtxJü bk&m;ocif\0dn mOfawmf trSefusdef;0yfaeygu oifwdkYonf
aoG;om; ZmwdxJür½SdbJ? 0dnmOfawmfxJü½SdMu\/ odkYaomf c&pfawmf\0dnmOfr½Sdaomolonf bk&m;
ocifydkifqdkif&m r[kwfacs/ 10oifwdkYtxJ c&pfawmf½Sdygu? cE¨mudk ,fonf tjypfaMumifh aoaomf
vnf; 0dnmOfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh touf½Sifonf/ 11odkYaomf a,½Iudk aoaomolrsm;teufrS
xapawmfrlol\0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtxJusdef; 0yfaeygu? c&pfawmfa,½Itm; aoaomolrsm;
teufrSxapolonf oifwdkYtxJusdef;0yfol rdrd\0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aowwfaomoifwdkY\
udk,fcE¨mudkyif touf½Sifapvdrfhrnf/
8;9]]vQif^ygu}}/ cRif;csuf0guswGJrsm; ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13(ESpfcg)? 17 (ESpfcg)wdkYüyg½Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkY
tm;vHk;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfum? pma&;ol\tjrifrSm trSef[krSwf,lxm;csufrsm; (0g)ol\
pma&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmfrS rdrd\pmudk zwf½Iem;axmifolrsm;tm; ,HkMunfolrsm;
tjzpfrSwf,lonf/ (i,f 9)
]]c&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmf/}}vlwdkYonf 0dnmOfawmf½Sdojzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;odkYr[kwf? 0dnmOfawmfr½Sdojzifh
0dnmOft&mü aysmufqHk;aeolrsm; wpfckckjzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;&csdef oefY½Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf&½SdMuonf/ olYtm; aemufxyfydk&½Sd&ef rvdktyfawmhacs/ oluomvQif uRefawmfwdkYudk aemufxyf
ydkí&½Sd&efvdktyfonf
ti,f 9 u]]0dnmOfawmf}} ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}}ESifh ]]c&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmf}}wdkYtm;vHk;rsm;
twlwlyifjzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/a,½IESifh0dnmOfawmf
0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfESifh om;awmf\tvkyfESpfrsKd;wdkYrSm yHkaoowfrSwfjcif;r½Sdacs/ G. Campbell
Morgan u0dnmOfawmf\ taumif;qHk;emrnfrSm ]]tjcm;aoma,½I}} jzpfonf[kqdkonf/ (odkYaomf olwdkYrSm
uGJjym; aom? xm0&oD;jcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfonf)/ atmufwGif om;awmfESihf0dnmOfawmfwdkY\tvkyfESifh
bGJYemrawmfwdkY udk ,SOfazmfjyonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmfudk ]]a,½I\0dnmOfawmf}} (odkY)tjcm;tvm;wljzifh azmfjyrIrsm; (a&mr 8;9/ 2aum
3;17/ *v 4;6/ 1ay 1;11/)
2/ ESpfyg;pvHk;wlnDaom a0g[m&jzihfac:onf
u/ ]]or®mw&m;}}
(1) a,½I (a,m 14;6)
(2) 0dnmOfawmf (a,m 14;17/ 16;13)
c/ tusKd;aqmifa½SUaeÔyZösm,fq&m
(1) a,½I (1a,m 2;1)
236
(2) 0dnmOfawmf (14;16? 26/ 15;26/ 16;7)
*/ oefY½Sif;
(1) a,½I (vkum 1;35/ 4;34)
(2) 0dnmOfawmf (vkum 1;35)
3/ ESpfyg;pvHk; ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;0yf
u/ a,½I (róJ 28;20/ a,m 14;20? 23/ 15;4-5/ a&mr 8;10/ 2aum 13;5/ *v 2;20/
{zuf 3;17/ aum 1;27
c/ 0dnmOfawmf (a,m 14;16-17/ a&mr 8;9? 11/ 1aum 3;16/ 6;19/ 2wd 1;14)
*/ crnf;awmf (a,m 14;23/ 2aum 6;16)
8;10]]vQif^ygu/}} ¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufrsKd;jzpfonf/ (ei ]]jzpfvdrfhrnf}}[krSwf,lrIjzpfaom
–TIVE Bud,m)/ aygvkonf ol\pmzwfolrsm; (a&mrNrdKUawmfu toif;awmf)rSm
1/ c&pfawmf usdef;0yf&molrsm;
2/ olwdkYtv,fü c&pfawmf½Sdae&molrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lonf/
INDICA
 ]]oifwdkYtxJü½Sdaom c&pfawmf}}/ c&pfawmf[laom a0g[m&rSm txJü usdef;0yfawmfrlol om;awmf^
0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ (a,m 14;16-17/ aum 1;27)/ vlwdkYü om;awmf^0dnmOf½Sdum? odkYr[kwfvQif
c&pf,mefrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ (1a,m 5;12)/ aygvktvdkt& ]]c&pfawmftxJ}}qdkonfrSm "r®oabmw&m;
t&]]0dnmOfawmftxJü}}ESifh twlwljzpfonf/
 ]]udk,fcE¨monf tjypfaMumifh aoaomfvnf;}}/ c&pf,mefrsm;yif jzpfaomfvnf; tm'H\tjypf usqif;
aomavmuESifh vlwpfOD;csif;\ykefuefrIaMumifh(5;12-21) udk,fcE¨monf aoqHk;oGm;&\/ tjypfonf olY
uHMur®mtwdkif; oGm;&onfomjzpf\/ 0dnmOft&mü aoqHk;jcif;onf (urÇm 3/ {zuf 2;1)udk,fcE¨mao
qHk;aponf/ (urÇm 5/ a[NAJ 9;27/ 8;13\rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/) ,HkMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfacwfopfxJ
touf½Sifaexdkif&onfenf;wl? tjypfESifhykefuefjcif; acwfa[mif;üyg touf½SifaexdkifMuonf/(i,f 21?35)
 ]]aomfvnf; 0dnmOfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;aMumifh touf½Sifonf}}/ þae&mü ]]0dnmOf}}onf
vlom;\0dnmOf (NASB, ASB, NIV, Willaims, Jerusalem Bible) odkYr[kwf oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf
(KJV, TEV, REB, Karl Barth, C.K. Barrett, John Murry ESifhEverett Harrison) &nfnTef;aMumif;ü
bmomjyef usrf;rsm;ESifh teufzGifholrsm; oabmxm;jcif;rwlMuacs/
þwdkawmif;aompum;pkudk ydkrdkus,fjyefYaompm tquftpyfrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnf&onf/ c&pfawmf
udk,HkMunfudk;pm;olrsm;yifvQif usqif;aom þavmuü touf½SifaexdkifMuojzifh aoqHk;oGm;Murnfom
jzpfonf/ odkYaomf a,½Itm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;&mrS &aomajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh olwdkYü xm0&touf½SdaeNyDjzpf
onf/ ({zuf 2;4-6)/ ¤if;rSm ]]½SdNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; tcsdefrusao;}}aom bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf twdkif;tq
jzpfonf/ acwfa[mif;ESifh acwfopfwdkYonf wpfckESifhwpfck xyfvsuf½Sdonf/
 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}/ þusrf;ydk'fü ¤if;pum;pk &nfnTef;onfrSm
1/ c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif; (a&mr 4)rSvmaom oGyfoGif;ay;onfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;(ajzmifhrwf&mü
wnfaeapjcif;ESifh &yfwnfrItm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)
237
2/ a½G;EIwfjcif;cH&aom touf\taxmuftxm;jzpfaom 0dnmOfawmftxJ topfaomtoufwm
(qufvufjzpfay:aeaom oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17üMunfhyg/
8;11]]vQif^ygu}}/ tcef;i,f 9 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
 ]]a,½It m; aoaomolrsm;teufrS xapol\0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtxJusdef;0yf}}/ oHk;yg;wpfql
rS rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;0yfoenf;? c&pf,meftrsm;pkonf]]0dnmOfawmf}}[k tajz
ay;Muvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;rSm rSefaomfvnf; trSefpifppf oHk;yg;wpfql\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;
0yfawmfrlonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmf/ a,m 14;16-17/ a&mr 8;11/ 1aum 3;16/ 6;19/ 2wd 1;14/
2/ om;awmf/ róJ 28;20/ a,m 14;20? 23/ 15;4-5/ a&mr 8;10/ 2aum 13;5/ *v 2;20/ {zuf
3;17/ aum 1;27
3/ crnf;awmf/ a,m 14;23/ 2aum 6;16
"r®opfusrf;onf a½G;EIwftvkyfrsm;ukd oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; yg0ifvkyfudkifaMumif; azmfjy
avh½SdyHkudkjyo&ef þpum;pkrSm tvGefaumif;rGefaom tcGifhaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onf a,½Iudk xaponf/ (wref 2;24/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30?
33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr 6;4/ 9/ 10;9/ 1aum 6;14/ 2aum 4;14/ *v 1;1/ {zuf 1;20/
aum 2;12/ 1ouf 1;10)
2/ om;awmfbk&m;onf olYukd,folxonf/ (a,m 12;19-22/ 10;17-18)
3/ 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;onf a,½Iudk xaponf (a&mr 8;11)tvm;wl oHk;yg;wpfqltm; tav;
teufjyKrIudk ti,f 9-11üvnf; awGYEkdifonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/oHk;yg;wpfql
oHk;yg;wpfql\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; aygif;pyfvkyfaqmifaomusrf;ydk'frsm;ukd rSwfom;yg/ ]]oHk;yg;wpfql}}
a0g[m&udk Tertullian-wmwlvsef;qdkol yxrqkH; xGifvdkufjcif;jzpfum? or®musrf;pm\pum;vHk; twdtus
r[kwfaomfvnf;? xdktaMumif; or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;üysHUESHYonf/
u/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
1/ róJ 3;16-17/ 28;19(ESifhtvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;)
2/ a,m[ef 14;26
c/ wrefawmf0w¬K-wref 2;32-33/ 38-39
*/ aygvk
1/ a&mr 1;4-5/ 5;1? 5/ 8;1-4? 8-10
2/ 1aum 2;8-10/ 12;4-6
3/ 2aum 1;21/ 13;14
4/ *v 4;4-6
5/ {zuf 1-3-14? 17/ 2;18/ 3;14-17/ 4;4-6
6/ 1ouf 1;2-5
7/ 2ouf 2;13
8/ wdwk 3;4-6
238
C/ ayw½k - 1ay 1;2
i/ ,k' - i,f 20-21
bk&m;ocifrSm trsm;jyudef;jzpfaMumif; "r®a[mif;usrf;ü t&dyft>rwfazmfjyonf/
u/ bk&m;ociftm; trsm;jyudef;jzifh azmfjyjcif;
1/ a[NAJpum;vHk; {avm[Jrf-Elohim rSm A[k0kpf(trsm;jyudef;)jzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifüoHk;onfh
tcg tenf;jyuddef;jzihfoHk;avh½Sdonf/
2/ ]]igwdkY}}- urÇm 1;26-27/ 3;22/ 11;7
c/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifwrefonf bk&m;\jrifEkdifaomudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf/
1/ urÇm 16;7-13/ 22;11-15/ 31;11? 13/ 48;15-16
2/ xGuf 3;2? 4/ 13;21/ 14;19
3/ w&m;olBuD; 2;1/ 6;22-23/ 13;3-22
4/ Zm 3;1-2
*/ bk&m;ocifESifh olY0dnmOfawmfwdkYudk oD;jcm;cGJxm;onf/ urÇm 1;1-2/ qm 104;30/ a[½Sm 63;9-11/
a,Z 37;13-14
C/ bk&m;ocif(YHWH)ESifh ar½Sd, (Adon)wdkYudk oD;jcm;cGJonf/ qm 45;6-7/110;1/Zm 2;8-11/ 10;9-12
i/ ar½Sd,ESifh 0dnmOfawmfukd oD;jcm;cGJonf/ Zm 12;10
p/ oHk;yg;pvHk;udk a[½Sm 48;16/ 61;1wdkYüazmfjyonf/
a,½Ionf bk&m;jzpfjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfjcif;wdkYaMumihf bk&m;wpfqlwnf; ½Sdonf[laom
t,ludk usyfwnf;pGm udkifpGJolueOD; ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf jyóemjzpfcJhonf/
1/ wmwl;vsef; (Tertullian)-om;awmfonf crnf;awmf\vufatmufcHjzpfonf/
2/ atmf&D*sif(Origen)-om;awmfESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkY\ tESpfom&rSm vufatmufcHbk&m;rsm;jzpf
onf/
3/ {&D;,m;pf (Arius)-om;awmfESihf0dnmOfawmfwdkY bk&m;r[kwf[k jiif;qefonf/
4/ armfemcsm0g' (Monarchianism)-bk&m;ocifonf crnf;awmftjzpf? om;awmftjzpfESifh aemuf
qHk;ü 0dnmOfawmftjzpf qufwdkufay:vGifxif½Sm;onf[k ,HkMunfonf/ oHk;yg;wpfqlrSm or®m
usrf;pmyg taMumif;t&mrsm;\ajymjyrIt& &mZm0ifESifhtnD wdk;wufjzpfaomwduspGm azmfjyrI
wpfckjzpfonf/
1/ a,½Ionf tjynfht0bk&m;jzpfaMumif;? crnf;awmfESifh wef;wljzpfaMumif;tm; at? 'D 325
Edkif;½Sm;aumifpD (Nicea Council)wGif twnfjyKonf/
2/ 0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvftjynfht0ESifh bk&m;jzpfaMumif;? crnf;awmfESifhom;awmfESifh wef;wljzpf
aMumif;wdkYtm; uGefpwifwDEdky,faumifpD (Constantinople) onf twnfjyKcJhonf/ (at? 'D
381)
3/ oHk;yg;wpfql t,l0g'udk atmf*pfpwif;\De Trinitate pmtkyfü tjynfhtpHkazmfjyonf/
¤if;rSm trSefyif eufeJqef;us,fonf/ odkYaomf xm0&yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;jzifh ay:vGifxif½Sm;aom bk&m;
wpfql\tESpfom&udk "r®opfusrf;u twnfjyKonf[kqdk&ayrnf/
 ]]aowwfaomoifwdkY\udk,fc E¨mudkyif touf½Sifapvdrfhrnf/}} Bud,mrSm tem*wf\tjzpfrSefwpf
&yfjzpfaom jyef½Sifxajrmuf&maeYudk azmfjyaom FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ a,½IESifh olYaemuf
vkdufolrsm;\ jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;rSm tqHk;tjzwfay;aom ta&;BuD;tcsufjzpfonf/(1aum 15;1/
239
2aum 4;14)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh xm0&umvü ½SdaeMurnfudk c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;u
twnfjyKajymqdkonf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ c&pfawmfukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh xaponfqdkygu (1aum 15;12-21)
olYaemufvdkufrsm;udkvnf; xapvdrfhrnf/ (i,f 23)

NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB
REB, NET ]]ol \ 0d n mOf a wmf t m;jzif h } }
NRSB
]]ol\0dnmOfaMumifh}}
TEV
]]ol\0dnmOfawmf½Sdaejcif;tm;jzifh}}
þpum;pk\ o'´gzGJYpnf;yHkESifhuGJjym;í azmfjyaomvufa&;rIwpfck½Sdonf/
1/ ydkifqdkifrIjyyk'f GENITIVE tjzpf MSS Aleph, A, C, Pc
2/ uwåm;yk'f (tjyKcHyk'f) ACCUSATIVE MSS B, D, F, G
4
UBS onf ydkifqdkifrIjyyk'f GENITIVE-''B"(aocsmoavmuf)tqifhüowfrSwfonf/
NASB
/ 8;12-17
12
odkYjzpfí nDtpfudkwdkY? igwdkYonf aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkt wdkif; touf½Sif&rnftaMumif;?
aoG;om;Zmwdü wm0ef½SdMuonfr [kwfacs/ 13taMumif;rlum; oifonf aoG; om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif;
touf½Sifygu aoqHk;vdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf udk,fcE¨mvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aoqHk;ap
ygu? touf½Sifvdrfhrnf/ 14taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifjcif; cH,lolrsm;
tm;vHk;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\om; rsm;jzpfMu\/ 15taMumif;rlum; oifwdkYonf aemufwzef aMumuf
½GHUapaom uRefpdwfwpfrsKd;&Muonf r[kwfbJ? ]]tAÁ? tz}}[líatmfac:&m om;rsm;jzpfapjcif;
pdwf&Mu\/ 16igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif; 0dnmOfawmfonf oludk,fwdkif igwdkY\
0dnmOfESifhtwl oufa ocH\/ 17om;jzpfygu tarGcHolrsm;? bk&m;ocif\tarGcHrsm;jzpfum? igwdkY
onf udk,fawmfESihftwl bkef;BuD;apjcif;udkvnf;cHEkdif&ef udk,fawmfESifhtwl wu,f'ku©cHygu?
c&pfawmfESifhtwl tarGcHabmf? cHbufrsm;vnf;jzpfMu\/}}
8;12 ]]odkYjzpfí}}aygvkonf ti,f 1-11½Sd rdrdwifjycsufonf bmudkqdkvdkaMumif; qufvuf½Sif;vif;oGm;
onf/
 ]]wm0ef½SdMuonf...}}/ ¤if;rSm c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrI\ tjcm;aomrsufESmpmwpfckjzpfonf/ (14;115;13)/ ¤if;rSm jzpf&yfwpfcktm;azmfjyjcif;(INDICATIVE)ESifh qufvufjzpfay:aeaomt&m (cdkif;apjcif;txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4üMunhhfyg)ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonfh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;taMumif;aqG;aEG;csuf ti,f 111 tm; ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf usqif;aomZmwda[mif;ESifh qufvufwdkufcdkuf
oGm;Mu&rSmjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; xif½Sm;pGmjyonf/ (6;12-19/ 7;7-24/ 1aum 6;18-19/ {zuf 6;10-19)/
þae&müjyKvkyf&ef a½G;cs,frI(tpjyK,HkMunfjcif;)ESifhjyKvkyf&ef qufvufa½G;cs,foGm;jcif;[lí½Sdygonf/
(touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH)!
240
8;13]]ygu}}/ ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13ESifh 17 (ESpfcg)wdkYü cRif;csuf0gusrsm; qufwdkufyg½Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkY
tm;vHk;rSm pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif;(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfaom yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf
0gusrsm;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\pmzwfolrsm;jzpfonfh a&mrNrdKUtoif;om;rsm;udk 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh
touf½Sif aomc&pf,mefrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lonf/ odkYaomf taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm jzpfay:vmonfht&mrsm;
vnf;½Sdayao;onf/ (Oyrm ,HkMunfolrsm;\yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrI^wHkYjyefrI)/
 ]]oifonf aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif; touf½Sif...aoqHk;vdrfhrnf}}ti,f 13½Sd Bud,mESpfckpvHk;rSm
ypöKyÜefumvjyjzpfNyD; qufvufjzpfay:aeaom vkyfaqmifrIudkajymonf/ or®musrf;pmonf aoqHk;jcif;
tqifhoHk;qifhazmfjyonf/
1/ 0dnmOfaojcif; (urÇm 2;17/ 3;1-7/ {zuf 2;1)
2/ udk,fcE¨maojcif; (urÇm 5)
3/ xm0&aojcif; (Asm 2;11/ 20;6? 4/ 21;8)/
þusrf;ydk'füajymonfrSm tm'H\0dnmOfaoqHk;jcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfNyD;(urÇm 3;14-19)¤if;\&v'f
aMumifh vlom;rsKd;EG,f\udk,fcE¨maoqHk;&onf/(urÇmOD; 5)
tm'H\tjypfonf vlom;tm; aojcif;w&m;udk awGYMuHKcHpm;aponf/ (5;12-21)/ uRefawmfwdkY
wpfOD;csif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYpdwfqE´tm;jzifh tjypfxJckef0if&ef a½G;cs,fMuonf/ ¤if;txJ qufvufaeoGm;&ef
a½G;cs,fcJhMuygu? ¤if;onf rdrdwdkYudk ]]xm0&}}taoowfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (Asm 20;6? 14 ]]'kwd,aojcif;}})
uRefawmfwdkY c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh tjypfbufESifh twå^Zmwdbufü c&pfawmfESifhxyfwlxyfrQ ,HkMunfjcif;
tm;jzifh aoqHk;Muum? bk&m;ocifü touf½SifMu&rnfjzpfonf/(a&mr 6)
 ]]cE¨mudk,fvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aoqHk;apygu touf½Sifvdrfhrnf}}/ ,HkMunf
olrsm;\u,fwifjcif;pdwfcs&rIudk olwdkY\c&pf,meftoufwmonf cdkifvHkapum(0g)? ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/
("r®opfxJu ,mukyfESifh1a,m[efMo0g'pmrsm;)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf þtoufwmtopfudk rdrdwdkY\
BudK;pm;rItm;jzifh touf½SifMuonfr[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\pGrf;tm;jzifhjzpfonf/(i,f 14)/ odkYaomf olwdkY
onf 0dnmOfawmftkyfxdef;rItm; aeYpOfemcH&ayrnf/ ({zuf 5;17-18/ 6;10-18)/
þusrf;ydk'fürl ]]udk,fcE¨mvkyfaqmifrIrsm;}}[kqdk&mü tjypfESifhjynhfaom þuyfumvta[mif;ESifh
qdkifaomb0toufwmtjzpf awGYjrif&onf/ (*v 5;19-21)/ udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh wnf½SdaerIudk xm0&jywf
awmufoGm;apjcif;r[kwfbJ?( 8;23)txJü usdef;0yfaom0dnmOfawmf (uyfumvtopf)ESifh tjypf(uyfumv
ta[mif;)wdkY rjywfrvyfwdkufcdkufaejcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
8;14]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifrI cH,lolrsm;tm;vHk;wdkYonf}}¤if;rSm 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrItm;
qufvufcH,loGm;jcif;udk azmfjyonfh PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf
uRefawmfwdkYudk c&pfawmfxHokdY ydk;yef;um(a,m 6;44? 65)NyD;vQif uRefwdkYtxJü c&pfawmfudkazmfaqmif
onf/ (i,f 29-30)/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckcsrSwf½kHxuf rsm;pGmydkygonf/ ¤if;onf
qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckjzifhtpjyKum(10;9-13/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16)qufvufí aemufvdkufwynfhawmfjzpfoGm;
jcif;jzpfonf/(róJ 28;19)/ ¤if;onf tcgBuD;aeY&ufrsm;? tcsdefrsm;(0g)trIawmfvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;
r[kwfbJ? aeYpOftouf½Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfonf/
241
 ]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}} trsm;udef;jyjzpfaom þpum;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;ü aumif;uifwm0efrsm;
ajym&müoHk;um? vlom;rsm;ajym&müoHk;cJonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; tifwmeufwGif (www.
freebiblecommentary.org) üMunfhyg/ tenf;jyudef;ukd tm'H? £oa&&(tpöa&;)? £oa&v\ &Sifbk&ifESifh
¤if;\ar½Sd,t&Siftm; ajym&müoHk;onf/ þae&mürl ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;vHk; &nfnTef;onf/ (*v 4;6-7)/
ti,f 14ü a0g[m& huioi (om;rsm;)oHk;um?ti,f16ü tekna (uav;rsm;)oHk;onf/ ¤if;wkdUudk þusrf;ykd'fü
t"dyÜg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;tjzpfoHk;onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf uRefrsm;r[kwfawmhbJ? rdom;pk0ifrsm;jzpfvmMu
onf/ (i,f 15-17/ v 4;7)8;15 ]]pdwfwpfrsdK;}}(a spirit )/ ¤if;onf ti,f 10uJhokdU t"dyÜg,fr&Sif;vif;
acs/ ¤if;onf a&G;EIwfjcif;cHaomvlom;\ c&pfawmftxJ0dnmOf topf(pdwftopf) okdYr[kwf oefU&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfESpfrsdK;tm; &nfnTef;Ekdifonf/ ti,f 6 ü ESpfrsdK;vHk;awGU&onf/
þo'´gzGJUpnf;yHktm; ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;txJ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfjzpfyGg;aponfht&mukd &Sif;vif;
&ef aygvka&;aompmtawmfrsm;rsm;üoHk;onf/ (t*Fvdyfa0g[m& spiritukd 0dnmOfESifhpdwfESpfrsdK; twGufokH;
um? soul ukdrl 0dnmOfESifhvlESpfrsdK;vHk;twGufoHk;onf/ þusrf;ykd'fürl q&mBuD;,k'oefonf]]oabm}}[laom
pum;vHk;oHk;onf-bmomjyefol)
1/ þae&mü ]]uRefpdwfwpfrsdK;r[kwf}}om;jzpfjcif;pdwf}} (ti,f 15)
2/ ]]El;nHhodrfarGUaompdwf}}1aum4;21
3/ ]],HkMunfjcif;}} (opöm&Sdjcif;)pdwf 2aum4;13
4/ ]]ynmESifh xkd;xGif;jcif;OmPf(pdwf)}} {zuf1;17
5/ ]]aMumufwwfaompdwf}} 2wd1;7
aygvkonf spirit pum;\rl&if;*&da0g[m& pneuma tm; txl;ojzifh 1aum&dEÅKxJü olUukd,fol&nf
nTef;&ef ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;üoHk;ao;onf/ (1aum2;11/ 5;3?14/ 7;34/ 16;8 ESifhaum2;5)/ þpmykd'fürl
ti,f 10ESifh15wkdUü toifhawmfqHk;oHk;xm;ygonf/
 ]]aemufwzef aMumuf½GHapaomuRef...}}Zmwda[mif;\Muifvu©PmrSm aMumuf½GHjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[NAJ
2;15) Zmwdtopf\ Muiftifvu©Pmukd i,f14-15 ü &Sif;vif;onf/
 ]]om;rsm;jzpfapjcif;...}}(arG;pm;jcif;-adoption)a&mrOya'ü om;tjzpfarG;pm;jcif;udpörSm tvGefusyf
wnf;(cufcJ)aomfvnf;? wpfcgarG;pm;cJhNyD;ygu tNrJjzpfonf/ (*v 4;4-6)/ þwifpm;rIonf ,HkMunfol\
vHkjcHKrIqdkif&m or®mw&m;tm; "r®oabmw&m;t& axmufcHcsufay;onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 5;2
üMunfhyg/) om;&if;wpfa,mufudk tarGjzwfydkifcGifhay;xm;aomfvnf; arG;pm;om;wpfa,mufudkrl xdkodkYjyKcGifh
rjyKacs/ ¤if;rSm u,fwifjcif;taMumif; ½Sif;jy&mü aygvkESpfoufvSaom vlodrsm;onfh wifpm;jcif;wpfrsKd;
jzpfonf/ (i,f 15? 23)/ a,m[efESifhayw½kwdkYonf tjcm;vlodrsm;aom wifpm;rIwpfrsKd;oHk;Muum ¤if;rSm
]]topfarG;zGm;jcif;}}-born again jzpfonf/ (a,m 3;3/ 1ay 1;3? 23)/ rSwfpktjynfhtpHkudk www.freebible
commentary.org wGif *vmwd 4;5 tusOf;csKyfüMunfhyg/
 ]]tAÁ}}þtm&rda0g[m&rSm uav;rsm; rdrdwdkYzcifudk tdrfüac:Mu&mjzpfonf/ (daddy or papa)a,½IESifh
wrefawmfwdkYonf tm&rdpum;ajymwwfMuonf/ (rm 5;41/ 14;36/ 1aum 16;22)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf
c&pfawmf\taoG;tm;jzifh oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf usdef;0yfjcif;rSwqifh cdkifrmaom,HkMunfjcif;ESihf rdom;pk
0iftjzpf pdwfcspGmyif oefY½Sif;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;odkY ,ckvmEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ (rm 14;36/ *v
242
4;6)/ usqif;olvlom;onf bk&m;ocifukd tz[kac:Ekdifjcif;ESifh xm0&oefY½Sif;awmfrlol t½Sifonf xdkodkY
ac:qdkrIudk vdktm;jcif;rSm tHhMoírqHk;EkdifbG,f&mjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / zcif- 1;7ü Munfhyg/
8;16]]0dnmOfawmfonf oludk,fwdkif}} *&dpum;vHk;ü 0dnmOf[lonf tzdk? tr r[kwfaomMum;aevdifjzpf
onf/ xdkYaMumifh KJV bmomjyefusrf;ü]]itself}}-¤if;udk,fwdkif[líoHk;aomfvnf; 0dnmOfawmfrSm yk*d¾Kvfjzpf
onf/ olonf 0rf;enf;pdwfemwwfonf({ 4;30/ 1ouf 5;19)/ xdkYaMumifh himself-oludk,fwdkifrSm ydkrdk
aumif;rGefaombmomjyefrIjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfjcif;- 8;27üMunfhyg/
 ]]igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;jzpfaMumif;...igwdkY\0dnmOfESifhtwl oufa ocH\/}}ti,f 13ü
odcJhMu&onfhtwdkif;yif ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;\ rsufESmpmwpfzufrSm ,HkMunfol\ajymif;vJcJhNyD;? ajymif;vJ
vsuf½Sdaeaom toufwmjzpfonf/ ("r®opfusrf;\,mukyfESihf 1a,m[efusrf;rsm;)/
bmomjyefusrf; RSVESifhNRSVwdkY\bmomjyefyHkudk *½kjyKyg/ ]]igwdkYonf tAÁ! tb![lí atmfac:
onfhtcg igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif; 0dnmOfawmfonf igwdkY\0dnmOfESifhtwl oufao
cHjcif;jzpfonf}}(*v 4;6)/ pdwfcsrI[lonf ,HkMunfolu bk&m;ociftm; 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ]]tz}}[kac:
Ekdifonfhtcg &½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/
0dnmOfonf txJrS oufaocHjcif;rSm em;jzifhMum;&jcif;r[kwfbJ? vufawGUjzpfonf/
1/ tjypfudk tjypftjzpfjrifjcif;
2/ c&pfawmfESihfwlvdkpdwf½Sdjcif;
3/ bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkESifhtwl ½Sdaevdkjcif;
4/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftm; qmiwfjcif;
5/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; jyefYyGg;ap&efvdktyfaMumif; cHpm;od½Sdjcif;
6/ c&pf,mef[lonf t½IH;cHíay;qyf&efvdktyfaMumif;tm; cHpm;od½Sdjcif;
¤if;wdkYrSm ajymif;vJaMumif;jyaom,HkMunfjcif; taxmuftxm;rsm;jzpfonfhtxJrS pdwfqE´trsKd;
tpm;rsm;jzpfonf/
u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIrSm *dkPf;*evdkufaom taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfoGm;onf/
1/ a&mrumodkvpftoif;awmfonf þb0ü pdwfcsrI&Edkifjcif;udk jiif;qdkum? rdrd\pdwfcsrItm;
]]ppfrSefaom}}toif;awmf\toif;om;jzpfjcif;tay: tajcjyKonf/
2/ *RefuJvfAJif John Calvin (toif;awmfjyKjyifa&;umv\ tpOftvmonf pdwfcsrIudk a½G;aumuf
jcif;(BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;)ay: tajcjyKaomfvnf;? þb0\tqHk;w&m;pD&ifawmfrl&maeYrwdkifrD
pdwfcsaMumif; rodEkdifacs/
3/ *Ref0Dpav-John Wesley (rufo'pftpOftvm)onf pdwfcs&rItm; pHkvifjynfh0aomcspfjcif;
arwåmay: tajcjyKonf/ (rdrdodorQtjypfrsm;ESifhuif;um touf½Sifjcif;)
4/ ESpfjcif;toif;awmftrsm;pkwdkYonf pdwfcs&rItm; tcrJhaus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh or®musrf;pmvm
uwdawmfrsm;ay: tajcjyKjcif;bufü ,drf;,dkifMuonf/ (odkYaomf owday;rIESihf qHk;rrIrsm;tm;vHk;
vpfvsL½I Muonf)
c&pf,mef\pdwfcsrItaMumif;tm; "r®opfusrf;ESifhqdkifí wifjy&mü qefYusifaeoa,mif½Sdaomfvnf;
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;trSefjzpfaom tEÅ&m,fESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/
1/ ]]u,fwifjcif;wpfcg&NyD;vQif? tNrJu,fwifjcif;jzpfonf}}
2/ ]]u,fwifjcif;qufvufxdef;odrf;&mü vl\vkyfaqmifrI txl;jyKvGef;jcif;}}
243
]]wpfcgtjyifbufa&mufygu? tNrJwrf;tjyifrSm}}jzpfaMumif; a[NAJMo0g'pmü ½Sif;vif;pGmoGefoif
onf/ vlom;\tm;xkwfrI (aumif;rIjyKjcif;)onf ,HkMunfolrsm;\u,fwifjcif;udk xdef;ay;onfr[kwfacs/
(*v 3;1-14)/ odkYaomf aumif;rIjyKjcif;rSm c&pf,meftoufwm\ yef;wdkifjzpfonf/ ({ 2;10)/ ¤if;wdkYrSm
bk&m;ociftm; MuKHawGYum? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yf&mrS olYtvkdvdk? obm0ususjzpfvmaom tusKd;&v'frsm;
jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm vlwpfa,mufppfrSefpGm ajymif;vJaMumif;\om"ursm;jzpfonf/
pdwfcs&rIonf oefY½Sif;&ef or®musrf;pm\ac:zdwfrIudk tm;aysmhoGm;ap&efr[kwfacs! "r®w&m;t&qdk
vQif pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\Muiftifvu©PmESifh vkyfaqmifrIay: tajcwnfonf/
1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;\cspfjcif;arwåmawmfESifh *½kPmawmf
2/ om;awmf\NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;tvkyf
3/ c&pfawmfxHodkY 0dnmOfawmf\ydk;yef;rIESihf
¤if;aemufydkif;wGif aemifw&aom,HkMunfoltxJ c&pfawmfudk azmfaqmifjcif;
þuJhodkYaom u,fwifjcif;\taxmuftxm;rSm urÇmYtjrifajymif;vJoGm;jcif;? ESvHk;om;ajymif;vJ
oGm;jcif;? touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;ESifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf! touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH
\om"urygbJ? twdwfwpfcsdefu pdwfcHpm;rItm;jzifhjyKaom qHk;jzwfcsufwpf&yfay: tajcjyKír&acs/
(Oyrmtao;- róJ 7;15-23/ 13;20-22/ a,m[ef 15)
pdwfcsrIonf u,fwifjcif;enf;wl? c&pf,meftoufwmenf;wl bk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmftm;
wHkYjyefrIjzifh tpjyKum? ¤if;wHkYjyefrIonf woufvHk;qufwdkufjzpfay:onf/ ¤if;rSm ajymif;vJrIwpf&yfjzpfNyD;?
,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m ajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf!
 ]]oufaocHonf}}¤if;rSm tjcm;aom syn ygonfh aygif;pyfa0g[m&wpfckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrSm
,HkMunfol\0dnmOfESifh oufaocHabmf? cHbufjzpfonf/ aygvkonf aygif;pyfaom þpum;vHk;udk 2;15/
8;16 ESifh 9;1 wdkYüoHk;onf/
8;17]]ygu^vQif}}ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13(ESpfcg)ESifh 17(ESpfcg)wdkYü cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;½Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYtm;vHk;
rSm pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[krSwf,lrIrsm; odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efoufoufjzpfonf/aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU
toif;awmf½Sd rdrd\pmzwfolrsm;udk c&pf,mefrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lxm;onf/
 þtcef;i,fü]]twlvufwGJyg0ifonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f&aom syn toHk;jyKonhf aygif;pyfpum;vHk;oHk;vHk;yg0if
onf/
1/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl tarGcHonf
2 ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESihftwl 'ku©cHonf
3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl bkef;BuD;Murnf
ti,f 22(ESpfcg)? 26? 28wdkYü syn ygaom aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; ydkíyg½Sdonf/ {zuf 2;5-6üvnf;
c&pfawmftxJu ,HkMunfol\touftm; a&;om;azmfjy&mü syn aygif;pyfpum;vHk;oHk;ck½Sdygonf/
]]tarGcHrsm;}}¤if;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; a&;om;azmf&mü toHk;jyKonfhrdom;pkESifh wifpm;aomtjcm;pum;
vHk;wpfckjzpfonf/ (4;13-14/ 9;8/ *v 3;29)/ atmufüazmfjyaom txl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/
244
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/,HkMunfolcH&aom tarGawmf
or®musrf;pmonf ,HkMunfolrsm;&½Sdaom tarGajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYtaMumif; ajymygonf/ (wref
20;32/ 26;18/ { 1;4/ aum 1;12/ 3;24)/ taMumif;rSm olwdkYonf t&mcyfodrf;tm; tarGcHol a,½IESifh
rdom;pkawmfpyfum (a[NAJ 1;2) olwdkYonf tarGcHazmfcHbufrsm;jzpfMu\/ (a&mr 8;17/ *v 4;7)/
olwdkYqufcH&½Sdonfh tarGrsm;rSm
- bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf (róJ 25;34/ 1aum 6;9-10/ 15;50/ {zuf 5;5/
- xm0&touf (róJ 19;29/ a[NAJ 9;15)
- bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm; (a[NAJ 6;12)
- uwdawmftwdkif; bk&m;ocif\umuG,frI (1ay 1;4-5)
]]tarGcHbufrsm;}}? ¤if;rSm sun ygaomaygif;pyfpum;vHk; aemufxyfwrsKd;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfESihf,HkMunf
olrsm;onf aojcif;ESifhtouf½Sifjcif;tm; twlcHpm;cJhMuaMumif; tav;teufjyK&ef aygvkonf þpum;vHk;
opfrsm;udk tcef;BuD; 8ü trsm;tjym;xGifíoHk;xm;onf/
1/ tarGcHbufrsm;? i,f 17
2/ 'ku©qif;&JcHbufrsm;? i,f 17
3/ bkef;BuD;abmf? bkef;BuD;bufrsm;? ti,f 17

]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl wu,f'ku©cHygu}}
]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl trSefyif 'ku©cHygu}}
]]c&pfawmf\'ku©qif;&Jrsm; a0rQcHpm;Muygu}}
]]udk,fawmf\'ku©qif;&Jrsm; a0rQcHpm;vsuf}}
'ku©cHpm;&jcif;qdkonfrSm usqif;cJhNyD;aomurÇmü ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf pHjzpfonf/ (róJ 5;10-12/
a,m 15;18-21/ 16;1-2/ 17;14/ wref 14;22/ a&mr 5;3-4/ 8;17/ 2aum 4;16-18/ zd 1;29/ 1ouf
3;3/ 2wd 3;12/ ,m 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-19)/ a,½Ionf erlemjyooGm;cJhNyDjzpf\/ (a[NAJ 5;8)/
þtcef;BuD;\ aemufydkif;ü þtaMumif;t&mudk qufvufazmfjyoGm;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/
c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumihf 'ku©qif;&JcHMuoenf;? - 5;3ü-½I)/
NASB, NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl bkef;BuD;apjcif;cHMu}}a,m[ef\ta&;tom;rsm;ü a,½Ionf rdrdtaocHjcif;t
aMumif;ajymonfhtcgwdkif;? olonf ¤if;udk ]]bkef;BuD;apjcif;cH&rI}}[k ajymavh½Sdonf/ a,½Ionf 'ku©qif;&JcH
jcif;tm;jzifh bkef;BuD;apjcif;cH&onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf &yfwnfrItm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifh
vnf;aumif; a,½Ib0uJhodkY jzpfysufcJhonfht&mrsm;udk a0rQ&½SdMuonf/ (a&mr 6)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;tm;- 5;17-18üMunfhyg/
NASB
18
/ 8;18-25
,ckrsufarSmufumv 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;onf igwdkYü ay:xGef;vwHhaombkef;BuD;jcif;ESifh
EIdif;,SOf&ef rxdkufwef[k igxif\/ 19taMumif;rlum; þavmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;wdkY
ay:xGef;jcif;udk vGefpGmawmifhwvsuf xufoefpGm apmifharQmfae\/ 20taMumif;rlum; þavmuonf
245
tedpöEkdifiHodkYvdkufaeonfrSm ajrmfvifhjcif;jzifh vkdufapolt½SifaMumifhomjzpf\/ 21¤if;rSm þavmu
onfvnf; azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;\ uRefjyKrIrS bk&m;ocifhuav;wdkY\vGwfajrmufjcif; bkef;awmfxJü
vGwfajrmufrnfhtaMumif;wnf;/ 22taMumif;rSm wavmuvHk;onf ,ckwdkifatmif om;zGm;jcif;
a0'emudk wnDwnf;cHpm;vsuf nnf;nLonf udkigwdkYod&Mu\/ 23xdkrQru 0dnmOfawmf\tOD;oD;udk
cHpm;&½Sdol igwdkYudk,fwdkifonfvnf; igwdkY\udk,fcE¨ma½G;EIwfjcif;jzpfonfh om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;
24
tm; xufoefpGmapmifharQmfvsuf igwdkYtxJü nnf;nLvsuf½SdMu\/ taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf
ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Mu\/ odkYaomf jrif&aomt&mudk arQmfvifhjcif;onf ajrmfvifhjcif;
rrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf? tb,folonf rdrdjrif&aom t&mudk arQmfvifhaevdrfhrnfenf;/
25
odkYaomf igwdkYonf rjrif&ao;aomt&mudk arQmfvifh aeonfqdkvQif pGJNrJvsuf xufoefpGmapmifharQmf
Mu\/
8;18]]xif\}}¤if;rSm pifppftm;jzifh ]]aygif;xnfhonf}}[líjzpf\/ ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE INDICATIVE
jzpfonf/ aygvkonf c&pf,mefcHpm;&onfh 'ku©qif;&JtaMumif;udkyif qufvufqifjcifaejcif;jzpfonf/
¤if;rSm pm&if;udkifjcif;â&wGufjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD;? *½kwpdkufpl;prf;½SmazGonfht&mwpfcktm; tqHk;
owfodkY a&muf½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a&mrMo0g'pmü xyfcgwpfvJvJ ay:aomOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/(2;3 \
rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/),HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYem;vnfoabmaygufonfh 0dnmOfa&;&mor®mw&m;\tvif;xJ
touf½SifMu&rnfjzpfonf/
]]'ku©qif;&Jrsm;}}c&pfawmftm; tapcH&mrS &½Sdaom'ku©qif;&JtcsKdUtm; 1aum 4;9-12/ 2aum 4;7-12/
6;4-10/ 11;24-27/ a[NAJ 11;35-38 wdkYü em;vnfod½Sd&onf/
]],ckrsufarSmufumv}}*sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf urÇmYordkif;udk uyfumvESpfyg;jzifh cGJxm;onf[k ,HkMunfMu
um? ,ckrsufarSmufqdk;,kwfaomumvESihf vmvwHhaom ajzmifhrwfonfhuyfumv[líjzpfonf/ (róJ
12;32/ rmuk 10;30)/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf þajzmifhrwfaomuyfumvtopf wnfaxmif&ef ar½Sd,t½Sif
<uvmjcif;udk arQmfvifhonf/ odkYaomf c&pfawmf\<uvmjcif;ESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh u,fwifaomoltjzpf (vlom;
tjzpf0ifpm;jcif;)ESifh t½Sifocif('kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;)tjzpf 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif;wdkYonf þuyfum
vESpfrsKd;tm;xyfvsuf om;jzpfoGm;aponf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfqdkif&m ]]jzpfaeNyD;
aomt&m}}ESihf ]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfck\ wif;rmrIMum;xJ touf½SifaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;
t&m/ / ,ckuyfumvESifh vmvwHhaom uyfumvtaMumif; 12;2üMunfhyg/
]]bkef;BuD;jcif;...xdkufwef/}}þa0g[m&ESpfckpvHk; "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tav;csdefqdkif&moabmESihfqufpyf
vsuf av;vHaomt&mü wefbdk;½Sdonfqdkonfh t,ltqjzpfonf/ ]]xdkufwef}}qdkonfrSm ukefonfoHk;
a0g[m&jzpfNyD;]]tav;csdefpD;EkdiforQpD;onf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ a[NAJa0g[m&]]bkef;BuD;onf}}-glory onfvnf;
]]av;onf}}[lonfhrl&if;rSqif;oufum a½TuJhodkY wefbdk;½Sdonfqdkonfht"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ rSwfpktjynfhtpHkudk
3;23 üMunfhyg/
aygvka&;om;onfh pmrsm;ürl ]]bkef;BuD;onf^bkef;wefcdk;}}-glory qdkonfh a0g[m&onf tem*wfü
jzpfvmrnfht&mudk &nfnTef;avh½Sdonf/ (2aum 4;16-18)/ ¤if;onf csD;ajr§mufjcif;cHaom? c&pfawmf\
bkef;BuD;aom'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf<uvmjcif;\ cef;em;x,f0grIESifh wefcdk;awmfukd &nfnTef;onf/ (aum
3;4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bkef;wefcdk;tm; 3;23üMunfhyg/
246
]]igwdkYüay:xGef;vwHhaom/}}¤if;rSm tjyKcHBud,m PASSIVE (deponent-usrf;usdefí xGufqdkrI)jzpfNyD;?
jyKvkyfolrSm bk&m;ocif(0g)0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm; þb0ü touf½SifonfrSm rsufpdtjrif
tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf½Sifjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ 1aum 2;9/ 13;12/ 2aum 5;7/
a[NAJ 11;1)
þpum;vHk;udk a&mrMo0g'pmxJ aygvktawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;um? vlom;rsm;\ ½SmazGawGY½SdrIr[kwfbJ?
bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;tm; tav;teufjyKonf/
1/ ¤if;pum;vHk;\Bud,m
u/ 1;17 - ay:xGef;(zGifhjy)cJhNyD;aom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfrI (PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE)
c/ 1;18 - ay:xGef;(zGifhjy)cJhNyD;aom bk&m;ocif\trsufawmf (PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE)
*/ 8;18 - zGifhjyvwHhaom (ay:xGef;vwHhaom)bkef;BuD;jcif; (AORIST PASSIVE INFINITIVE )
2/ ¤if;pum;vHk;\emrf
u/ 2;5 - trsufawmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfaom w&m;pD&ifrI ay:xGef;aomaeY
c/ 8;19 - þavmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm; ay:xGef;jcif;udk xufoefpGm apmifharQmfaeonf/
*/ 16;25 zHk;uG,fvsLdU0Sufaomt&mtm; zGifhjyawmfrljcif;ESifhtnD
8;19]]þavmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;wdkY ay:xGef;jcif;udk vGefpGmawmifhwvsuf xufoefpGmapmifharQmf/}}
zefqif;xm;aom ½kyfavmutm; vnfyif;qefYvsuf rsufpdwqHk; ½SmazGMunfh½Iaeaom vlwpfa,muftvm;
wifpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tm'HESifh{0wdkY\ykefuefrIonf þavmuudk qdk;usKd;ay;cJhonf/ (urÇm 3;17-19)/
ykefuefaomaumif;uifwrefrsm;? r,HkMunfolvlom;rsm;ESifh olwdkYtm; oD;jcm;cGJxkwf&ef jyifqifxm;&m
t&yfuvTJvQif zefqif;orQtm;vHk;wdkYonf tqHk;ü a½G;EIwfjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ (Bruce Corley and Curtis
Vaughan, Romans p. 95, atmufajc rSwfpk 46)
¤if;\Bud,mjzpfaom ]]xufoefpGmapmifharQmf}}(PRESENT MIDDLE[usrf;usdefíxGufqdkrI-deponent]
INDICATIVE)pum;vHk;rSm þpmydk'fü oHk;cgyg½Sdonf/
1/ i,f 19- þavmu (creation-zefqif;jcif;)onf uyfumvtopfudk xufoefpGmapmifharQmfonf
2/ i,f 23- ,HkMunfolrsm;onf udk,fcE¨mtopfudk xufoefpGm apmifharQmfMuonf
3/ i,f 25 - ,HkMunfolrsm;onf uyfumvtopfqdkif&majrmfvifhjcif;tm; xufoefpGm apmifharQmfMu
onf
aygvkonf þBud,mpum;vHk;udkyif tvm;wl t"dyÜg,fjzifh 1aum 1;7/ *v 5;5/ zd 3;20wdkYü
oHk;onf/ 'kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf aMumufp&mr[kwfbJ? rdom;pkjyefvnf
qHkqnf;&m tcgor,omvQifjzpfonf
txl;taMumif;t&m/
I.
/obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;
pum;csD
u/ zefqif;jcif;wpfckvHk;rSm bk&m;ocifonf vlom;ESifhtcspfZmwfvrf;cif;&m aemufcHum;csyf(0g)
pifjrifhBuD;jzpfonf/
c/ ¤if;onf vlom;\usqif;rItm; rQa0cHpm;&onfenf;wl (urÇm 3;17/ 6;1/ a[½Sm 24;3-8/
a&mr 8;18-20)tem*wfü jzpfvmrnfha½G;EIwfjcif;udkvnf; a0rQcHpm;ayrnf/ (a[½Sm 11;6-9/
a&mr 8;20-22/ Asm 21-22)
247
*/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;onf obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; rdrd\earmferJhEkdifaomavmbjzifh t"r®jyK
usifhzsufqD;onf/ atmufygpmydk'fudk Edward Capenter \The Canon of Westminster rS
aumufEkwf,lonf/
]]bk&m;ocifzefqif;&mjzpfaom wurÇmvHk;twdkif;twmrubJ? rdrdywfvnfpBuFm0Xmtm; tn§mt
wmuif;rJhpGm xdckdufaprI? vlom;npfnif;aponfhavxk? t&if;tjrpfrsm; vlom;tqdyfoifhapaomajrqDvTm?
oljyKef;wD; apaomopfawmrsm;? rnfolbmbJajymajym em;raxmifbJ?tirf;r&wdkufcdkufzsufqD;rIrsm;onf
a&½Snfqdk;usKd;rsm;jzpfxGef;aponf/ ¤if;rSm wppDjzifh? n§dEIdif;azmfr&aom wdkufcdkufrIjzpfonf/ obm0
ywf0ef;usif\ o[mZwjzpfrItm;xdef;odrf;&ef tenf;i,frQyif*½krpdkufbJ? vlom;rsKd;qufwpfckonf tjcm;
rsKd;quftay: wm0ef odwwfjcif; uif;rJhvGef;vSacsonf}}
C/ igwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ urÇmN*dKvftm; npfnrf;aprIESifh rw&m;toHk;csrI'Pfudk jyefí&dwfodrf;
aeMuonfomru? igwdkY\om;pOfajr;qufwdkYonf jyefvSnfhír&aom ydkrdkjiif;xefqdk;0g;onfh
tusKd;qufrsm; &dwfodrf;Mu&efom ½Sdayawmhonf/
II. or®musrf;pmvmtaMumif;rsm;
u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
1/ urÇmOD; 1-3
(u) þavmu (creation-zefqif;jcif;)onf vlom;ESifhrdrd rdwfo[m,jyK&ef ae&mtjzpf
bk&m;ocif txl;zefqif;&mae&mt&yfjzpfonf/ (urÇm 1;1-25)/
(c) zefqif;jcif;rSm aumif;rGefaomt&mjzpfNyD; (urÇm 1;4? 10? 12? 18? 21? 25) tvGef
w&maumif;ygonf/ (urÇm 1;31)/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ociftwGuf oufaoaumif;jzpf
onf[kqdkvdkonf/ (qmvH 19;1-16)
(*) vlom;tm; zefqif;jcif;\txG#ftacgifjzpfap&ef &nf½G,fonf/ (urÇm 1;26-27)
(C) vlom;[lonf bk&m;ocif\b@mxdef;tjzpf pdk;rdk;&ef (a[NAJpum; ]]ajcjzifh eif;&ef}})
jzpfonf/ (urÇm 1;28-30/ qmvH 8;3-8/ a[NAJ 2;6-8)/ bk&m;ocifonf
zefqif;jcif;\ t½Sifocifjzpfum? ¤if;tjzpf qufvufwnfNrJ onf/ (xGuf 19;5/
a,mb 37-41/ qmvH 24;1-2/ 95;3-5/ 102;25/ 115;15/ 121;2/ 124;8/ 134;3/
146;6/ a[½Sm 37;16)
(i) vlom;onf zefqif;jcif;\b@xdef;jzpfjcif;tm; urÇm 2;15 üawGY&onf/ ]]{'ifO,smOf
udkpdkufysKd;&ef?apmifha½SmufumuG,f&ef}}[líjzpfonf/ (0wfjyK25;23/ 1&m 29;14)/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf zefqif;jcif;txl;ojzifh wd&pämefrsm;udk cspfawmfrlonf/
(u) wd&pämefrsm;ukd aumif;pGmjyKrl&ef arma½S\ynwfcsufrsm;
(c) a*sa[m0g; (YHWH)onf v0doefESihf upm;jcif;(qmvH 104;26)
(*) wd&pämefrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif*½kpdkufyHk (a,me 4;11)
(C) aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;tm; azmfjy&mü obm0ywf0ef;usiftaMumif; yg0ifrI(a[½Sm
11;6-9/ Asm 21-22)/
3/ obm0onf twdkif;twmwpfckjzifh bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf xif½Sm;aponf/
(u) qmvH 19;1-6
(c) qmvH 29;1-9
(*) a,mb 37-41
248
III.
4/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\arwåmawmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;ay: opöm½Sdawmfrljcif;tm;jyo&mü obm0
ywf0ef;usifrSm wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/
(u) w&m; 27-28/ 3"r® 17
(c) ya&mzufusrf;rsm; wpfavQmufvHk;ü
c/ "r®opfusrf;
1/ bk&m;ocifukd zefqif;aomt½Siftjzpf awGU&onf/ oHk;yg;wpfqljzpfawmfrlaom? zefqif;
½Sifwpfyg;wnf;omvQif½Sdonf/ ({avm[Jrf-Elohim urÇm 1;1/ 0dnmOfawmf? urÇm 1;2 ESifh
a,½I? "r®opfusrf;) ¤if;wdkYuvTJvQif zefqif;cHrsm;jzpfonf/
(u) wref 17;24
(c) a[NAJ 11;3
(*) Asm 4;11
2/ bk&m;ocifonf zefqif;jcif;ü a,½Itm;jzifhjyKonf
(u) a,m[ef 1;3? 10
(c) 1aum 8;6
(*) aum 1;16
(C) a[NAJ 1;2
3/ bk&m;ocifonf obm0ywf0ef;usiftm; *½kpdkufaMumif; a,½Ionf rdrd\a'oemrsm;ü
wdkuf½kdufajymMum;cJhonf/
(u) avxJysHoef;aom iSufrsm;ESifh v,fuGif;jyifxJu awmESif;yef;rsm;taMumif;-róJ
6;26? 28-30
(c) pOfhuav;rsm;taMumif; -róJ 10;29
4/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;ociftm; od&orQtay: wm0ef
udk,fpD½SdMuaMumif; aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/ (obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrljcif;? a&mr 1;1920/ Asm 21-22)
ed*kH;csKyf
u/ þobm0ywf0ef;usifay: uRefawmfwdkYü wm0ef½Sdonf
c/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;onf bk&m;ocif\tjcm;aomaumif;rGefonfh vufaqmifrsm;tm; az:jycJh
Muonfenf;wl?
*/ þobm0ywf0ef;usifrSm acwå,m,Djzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm uG,faysmufoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (2ay
3;7) bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY urÇm\ordkif;tquftoG,ftm; z,f½Sm;ypfvdrfhrnf/ tjypf
w&m;onf olYvrf;aMumif;ü olajy;aernfjzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf ¤if;\abmiftm;
owfrSwfydkif;jzwfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ zefqif;jcif;onf a½G;EIwfjcif;cH&ayvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 8;18-25)/
 ]]ay:xGef;jcif;^zGifhjyjcif;}}þa0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm zGifhjy&ef(0g)taMumif;Mum;&ef ]]cef;qD;tm; aemuf
jyefqGJonf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ ¤if;rSm "r®opfusrf;\aemufqHk;usrf;jzpfaom ]]Asm'dwfusrf;}}(0g)zGifhjyawmfrljcif;
usrf;\emrnfvnf;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;tm; ay:xGef;awmfrljcif;[kvnf;ac:ygonf/ (1aum
1;7-8/ 1ay 1;13)
249
 ]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}}¤if;rSm c&pf,mefrsm;tm;azmfjy&ef toHk;rsm;onfh vlodrsm;aomwifpm;rI wpfck
jzpfonf/ (8;14? 16)/ ¤if;pum;vHk;onf bk&m;ociftm; zciftjzpfESifh a,½Itm; twktEIdif;rJhom;awmf
tjzpfajymonf/ (a,m 1;18/ 3;16? 18/ a[NAJ 1;2/ 3;6/ 5;8/ 7;28/ 1a,m 4;9)/
"r®a[mif;ü tpöa&;rSm bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfaomfvnf; (a[ma½S 11;1)¤if;\ ½Sifbk&ifrSmvnf;
bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfonf/ (2"r® 7)/ þoabmudk "r®opfusrf;wGif róJ 5;9 ü yxrOD;qHk;azmfjyonf/
(a,m 1;12/ 2aum 6;18/ *v 3;26/ 1a,m 3;1? 10/ Asm 21;7)/
8;20
NASB, NKJV
NRSV
]]taMumif;rlum;
TEV
]]taMumif;rlum;
NJB
]]þavmuonf
þavmuonf tedpöEkdifiHodkYvdkuf}}
þavmuonf wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;ap&ef jypf'PfpD&ifcHcJhonf}}
¤if;\&nf½G,fcsuftwdkif; rpGrf;aqmifEkdifatmifjyKjcif;cH&onfrSm
þavm u\trSm; wpHkw&maMumifhr[kwfacs/}}
jrefrmor®musrf;pm\ ]]tedpö}}pum;vHk;jzpfaom]]futility}}tm; *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ü t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;
jzifhoHk;&m t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhonf? wefbdk;rJhonf? oHk;r&? rSm;,Gif;aombk&m;rsm; (½kyfwkrsm;)ESifh [if;vif;Avm
jzpfjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifzefqif;orQt&mtm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifzefqif;jcif;\ &nf½G,fcsuftwdkif;
r[kwfbJ? oHk;r&jzpfoGm;cJhonfrSefaomfvnf; (urÇm 3;17-19/ a[½Sm 24;3-8)bk&m;ocifonf wpfaeYaom
tcgusvQif usqif;jcif;qdkif&m usdefqJrItm; z,f½Sm;vdrfhrnf/ (Asm 22;3)/ þurÇmrSm jzpfvm&efbk&m;ocif
&nf½G,fonfhurÇmr[kwfacs!
 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;jzifhvkdufapol t½SifaMumifhomjzpf\/}} Bud,mrSm tjyKcH AORIST PASSIVE jzpfNyD;?
jyKvkyfolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;odomonf/ (NASB, NKJV, TEV)olonf zefqif;onfh½kyfavmutm;
wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm
1/ vlom;\ykefuefrIaMumihf
2/ vlom;tm; rdrdxHawmfodkY jyefvSnfhvm&ef tm;xkwfrIwpfckjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 27-29)
&nf½G,fcsufygaom þwefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm arwåm,m,DomvQifjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 11;1132)/ a½G;EIwfcHvlom;ü uwdjyKxm;onfh tem*wf½kyfurÇm½Sdygonf/ (udk,fcE¨mESifhurÇm)/
bk&m;ocifonf tm'H\ykefuefrIudk BudKwifod½Sdonf/ olonf ¤if;tm; jzpfysufcGifhjyKvkdufum?
usqif;aomurÇmwGif usqif;aomvlom;ESifhtwl vkyfudkif&efa½G;cs,fonf/ þuJhodkYaomurÇmrSm jzpfvm&ef
bk&m;ocif&nf½G,fxm;onfh urÇmr[kwfacs/ þurÇmrSm wpfaeYaomtcg jzpfvwHhaomurÇmr[kwfacs/
(2ay 3;10/ Asm 21;1-3)/ 5;2u]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}taMumif;rSwfpküMunfhyg/
8;21]]þavmu(zefqif;jcif;)onfvnf;azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;\uRefjyKrIrS...vGwfajrmufrnfhtaMumif;
wnf;}}obm0ywf0ef;usifonf xm0&umv\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (a[½Sm 11;6-10)/ aumif;
uifbHkonf jyefvnfzefqif;aomurÇmodkY jyefvmvdrfhrnf/ (róJ 5;18/ 24;35/ 2ay 3;10/ Asm 21;1)/
tem*wfonf {'ifO,smOf\okccsrf;om jyefvmjcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;? vlwpfOD;
csif;? vlom;ESifhwd&pämefrsm;? vlom;ESifh urÇmajrwdkY\ rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;wnf;! or®musrf;pmonf
bk&m;ocif? vlom;ESifhwd&pämefrsm; (a[½Sm 11;6-9) O,smOfwpfckxJrdwfo[m,jzpfum? pnf;vHk;nDnTwf
aeMujcif;ESifhtpjyKvsuf (urÇm 1-2)tvm;wl yHkpHwpfrsKd;ESifhyif tqHk;owfxm;onf/ (Asm'dwf 21-22)/
250
 ]]azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;23üMunfhyg/
 ]]bk&m;ocifh uav;wdkY\(children)vGwfajrmufjcif; bkef;awmfxJü}}tcef;i,f 14ü ,HkMunfolwdkY
udk]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}}(sons)[kac:um? ti,f 16ürl ]]bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;(children)? ti,f 17ü
]]bk&m;ociftarGcHrsm;}}[kac:onf/ tem*wfü bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;odkY ay:vmrnf
[k ti,f 18 üajymonf/ þavmuonf bk&m;ocifhom;wdkY\ ay:xGef;jcif;udk apmifharQmfaeMuonf/
taMumif;rSm tem*wfbk&m;ocifhom;wdkY bkef;BuD;onfhtcg ¤if;udk olwdkYonf a0rQcHpm;Murnfjzpfaom
aMumifh(i,f 21)jzpfaMumif; ,ckti,f 19üajymygonf/ þuJhodkY zefqif;jcif; (þavmu)txl;ojzifh
vlom;rsm;tm; e*dkrlvtwdkif; jyefjzpfapjcif;onf zefqif;jcif;\e*dkrlv&nf½G,fcsuf jynfhpHkapvdrfhrnfjzpfNyD;
-bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;(o@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;xm;aom)tm; &if;ESD;pGm rdwfo[m,jzpfoGm;apvdrfhrnf/
 ]]wavmuvHk;(zefqif;jcif;wpfckvHk;) nnf;nLvsuf½Sdonf}}¤if;rSm]]twlnnf;nLonf}}qdkaom syn
ygonfh aygvk\aygif;pyfpum;vHk; aemufwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ olonf ¤if;udktajcjyKum pum;vHk;trsm;tjym;
xGifcJhayvdrfhrnf/ aygvkonf a,& 12;4? 11(w&m;a[m 27-29)wdkYudk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf[ef½Sdygonf/
xdkusrf;ydk'fü vlom;\ tjypfaMumifh vlqdwfnH&mjzpfrIaMumifh tpöa&;ajr idka<u;onf/
þusrf;ydk'fü ]]nnf;nL}}pum;vHk;oHk;BudrfoHk;aMumif; rSwfom;yg/
1/ ay:xGef;vmrnfhuyfumvtopfudk awmifhwí þavmu (zefqif;jcif;)nnf;nLonf/
(PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)i,f 22 (i,f 19-21)
2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\pHkvifaom u,fwifjcif;(udk,fcE¨mopf-2aum 5;2? 4)udk awmifhw
ínnf;nLonf/-i,f 23/
3/ uyfumvtopf\tOD;oD;tjzpf rdrdudk,frdrday;aom0dnmOfawmfonfvnf; nnf;nLonf/
(qkawmif;ay;onf PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)i,f? 26/
 ]]om;bGm;jcif;a0'emcHpm;onf}}*sL;todkif;t0dkif;ü ¤if;udk uyfumvtopf arG;zGm;jcif;\a0'em}} (uyf
umvtopf\ om;bGm;jcif;a0'em)[kac:onf/-rmuk 13;8/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfumvtopf\ eHeufrdk;
aomufcsdefonf jyomemtcuftcJuif;vdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ usqif;aom þurÇmN*dKvf\udk,fusifh
w&m;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;tajctaerSm qdk;oxufqdk;0g;vmvdrfhrnf/ (róJ 24/ rmuk 13/ vkum 21/ 2ouf
2;1-12 tygt0if Asm'dwf 5-18üawGY&aom wHqdyfckESpfck? wHydk;ckepfvHk;ESifhzvm;ckepfvHk;wdkYudkvnf;
rSwfom;yg/) rnfodkYjzpfap þom;zGm;jcif;a0'emwdkYrSm arG;zGm;vmrnfhuav;tm; arQmfvifhum? 0rf;omyDwd
jzpf&jcif;\ a0'emrsm;omjzpfMuonfenf;wl uyfumvtopfrSmvnf; xdkenf;wlomvQifjzpfygonf!
8;23]]igwdkYudk,fwdkif}}þemrfpm;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/
 ]]0dnmOfawmftOD;oD;}}þa0g[m& (aparche)rSm "r®oabmt& 2aum 1;22u ]]0dnmOfawmfwHqdyf}}
2aum 5;5ESifh{zuf 1;14½Sd ]]0dnmOfawmf\pm;&ef(p&H)}}wdkYESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;xJu tOD;oD;rsm;\oabmrSm aumuf&dwfcsdefa&mufawmhrnftaMumif; uwdu0wf
jyrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf &dwfodrf;orQaumufpyg;rsm;tm;vHk; ydkifqdkifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; yHkaqmif
onf/ (w&m; 26;1-11)a,½Ionf jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;\tOD;oD;jzpfonfenf;wl (1aum 15;20)
0dnmOfawmfrSm uyfumvtopf\tOD;oD;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;tjzpfjzifh
rdrdwdkYtxJü usdef;0yfum? rdrdwdkYESifhtwl aexdkifol0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ,ckyifvQif aumif;uifbHk\0rf;ajrmuf
251
rIokccsrf;omESifhqdkifaom t&mtcsKdUawGUMuHKcHpm;aeMuonf/ ¤if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm; em;vnfonfhxyfvsuf½dS
uyfumvESpfrsKd;\ ]]jzpfaeNyD;aomt&m}}ESifh]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfck\Mum; wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol
wdkYrSm aumif;uifEkdifiHom;ESifh þurÇmajray:aexdkifaom aumif;uifEdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfMu\!
 ]]igwdkYudk,fwdkif...igwdkYtxJü nnf;nLMu\/}}¤if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\xyfaeaomuyfumvESpfck\
]]jzpfaeNyD;aomt&m}}ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfckMum; wif;rmonfhtajctaetaMumif; ½Sif;vif;rIESifhwl
onf/ (Gordon Fee and Douglas Suart wdkY\ How To Read the Bible For All Its Worth, pp.145-148 ü
Munfhyg/) bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfwnfaxmifaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; tqHk;r[kwfao;acs/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf
jyef½Sifxajrmufaomtouf&½SdaeMuNyDaomfvnf;? olwkdY\udk,fcE¨mrSm ao&ef½Sdaeao;onf/ (2aum 5;24)/
tjypf(\'Pf)rS u,fwifjcif;&½SdNyD;jzpfMuaomfvnf; tjypfESifh½kef;uefwdkufcdkuf aeMuqJjzpfonf/ (a&mr 7/
{zuf 6;10-18)/
 ]]om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;tm; xufoefpGmapmifharQmfvsuf}}om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;}}(arG;pm;jcif;)
qdkonfrSm u,fwifjcif;tm; ajymjy&mü aygvkESpfoufvSonfh rdom;pkudpöjzifh wifpm;azmfjyrIwpfckjzpfonf/
(i,f 15)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\u,fwifjcif;rSm aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh tpjyKqHk;jzwfrIjzifhpwifum?
c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;odkY qufuyfBuD;xGm;aejcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ½Sifjyefxajrmuf&maeYrwdkif
rcsif; u,fwifjcif;tjynfht0&½SdMurnfr[kwfacs/ (i,f 30ESifh 1a,m 3;2)/
]]om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;ârG;pm;jcif;}}qdkonfh a0g[m&rSm tcsKdUaom*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü ryg½Sd
acs/ (MSSp46, D, F, GESifhtcsKdUaom a½S;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;a0g[m&
onf Aleph,A,B,CESifhtcsKdUa½S;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic ESifh tmareD;,ef
bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ürl yg½Sdygonf/ UBS4onf ¤if;tm; ]]A}}(aocsm)tqifhowfrSwfonf/
 ]]igwdkY\udk,fcE¨m tm; a½G;EIwfjcif;}}þa0g[m&t"dyÜg,frSm]]jyefí0,fonf}}[líjzpf\/ þoabmudk
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü wpHkwa,muftm; uReftjzpfrS rdrd\aqGrsKd;om;csif;wpfa,mufa,muf (go'el)rS vGwf
ajrmufapjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ þa0g[m&rSm usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; tjypf\aus;uRef
tjzpfrS bk&m;ocif\u,fvGwfjcif;tm; wifpm;azmfjy&ef toHk;jyKonf/ ay;qyf&aomwefbdk;rSm tjypfuif;
pifaom? vlom;jzpfvmol(vl0ifpm;)om;awmf\toufjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 3;24 üMunfhyg/
c&pf,mefonf *sL;bmomrSmenf;wl (a,mb 14;14-15/ 19;25-26/ 'H 12;2),HkMunfolrsm;onf
xm0&umvü ½kyfcE¨m(vlYb0rSmuJhodkY rvdktyfaomfvnf; 1aum 15;35-49)½SdMurnf[k ,HkMunfonf/
,HkMunfolrsm;\ eH0dnmOfcE¨mrsm;tm; uyfumvtopfxJ toufjzpfaom? bk&m;ocifESifhuRrf;0ifonfh
rdwfo[m,jzpfaom b0twGufpHkvifjynfh0pGm jyifqifxm;vdrfhrnf/
8;24]]igwdkYonf ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Mu\/}}¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE jzpfonf/ ti,f 23
onf igwdkY\tem*wfu,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;um? ti,f 24url 0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIjzifh igwdkY
&½SdcJhNyD;aomu,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ "r®opfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;udk a&;om;azmfjy&ef umvjy
Bud,mtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 10;4üMunfhyg/)
1/ AORIST- twdwfü tjywfjzpfcJh^vkyfcJhaomt&m^tvkyf/ wref 15;11(a&mr 8;24/ 2wd 1;9/
wdwk 3;5ESifh a&mr 13;11wGuf AORIST udk tem*wfOD;wnfcsufESifhwGJonf
252
2/
-twdwfüjzpfcJh^vkyfcJhNyD; ¤if;\tusKd;quf ,ckqufvufjzpf^½Sdaomtjzpftysuf^t
vkyf/ {zuf 2;5? 8
3/ PRESENT -,ckjzpfaeqJ? vkyfaeqJ/ 1aum 1;18/ 15;2/ 2aum 2;15/ 1ay 3;21/ 4;18
4/ FUTURE-tem*wfüjzpf^vkyfOD;rnft&m/ (umvjyBud,mrsm;odkYr[kwf pmtquftpyf\&nfnTef;
csufrsm;)/ a&mr 5;9? 10/ 10;9/ 1aum 3;15/ zd 1;28/ 1ouf 5;8-9/ a[NAJ 1;14/ 9;28
xdkYaMumifh u,fwifjcif;qdkonfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckESifhtpjyKum? qufvufjzpfay:
aeaom,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf½SifrIyHkpHwpfckjzpfum? wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif rsufarSmuffawGYjrif&jcif;jzifh
tqHk;owfrnfhjzpfay:rIjzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;2)
PERFECT
8;25]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ajrmfvifhjcif;
aygvkonf þa0g[m&ukd uGJjym;jcm;em;rI tawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh oHk;aomfvnf; t"dyÜg,frSm wpfckESifh
wpfckqufpyfonf/ ¤if;onf ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfrItqHk;ESifh tawmfrsm;rsm;qufpyfonf/ (Oyrm 1wd
1;1)/ ¤if;udkyif bkef;BuD;jcif;? xm0&touf? tqHk;pGefaomu,fwifjcif;? 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif;...pojzifh
vnf; azmfjyEkdifonf/ þtqHk;a&mufjcif;rSm aocsmaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfjzpfNyD;? rod½Sd&acs/
¤if;a0g[m&onf ]],HkMunfjcif;}}]]cspfjcif;arwåm}}pum;vHk;wdkYESifh vnf; qufpyfavh½Sdonf/ (1aum 13;13/
1ouf 1;3/ 2ouf 2;16)/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHktcsKdUwdkYrSm1/ 'kwd,<uvmjcif;/ *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ 4;4/ wdwk 2;13/
2/ a,½Ionf igwdkY\ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1
3/ ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifxH qufocH&rnf 1aum 1;22-23/ 1ouf 2;19
4/ ajrmfvifhjcif;udk aumif;uifbHkü odkxm;onf/ aum 1;5
5/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk ,HkMunfudk;pm;onf/ aum 1;23/ 1ouf 2;19/
6/ tqHk;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? aum 1;5/ 1ouf 4;13/ 5;8
7/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;wefcdk;awmf/ a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
8/ c&pfawmftm;jzifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;? aum 1;27
9/ u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI? 1ouf 5;8
10/ xm0&touf? wdwk 1;2/ 3;7
11/ c&pf,mef&ifhusufrI\&v'f? a&mr 5;2-5
12/ zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk; a½G;EIwfjcif;? a&mr 8;20-22
13/ om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;\tqHk;pGefa&mufjcif; a&mr 8;23-25
14/ bk&m;ocif\bGJYemrawmf? a&mr 15;13
15/ ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvk\awmifhwrI 2aum 1;7
16/ "r®opf,HkMunfolrsm;tm; vrf;nTefonfh"r®a[mif; a&mr 15;4
 ]]pGJNrJvsuf}}þa0g[m& hupomonē udk 5;3 ESifh 14;4-5 wdkYüvnf;oHk;onf/ ,HkMunfoltm;
u,fwifjcif;onf &ifhusufjcif;odkY qufvufoGm;aeum wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif tNyD;owfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
pGJNrJjcif;[l onf(Asm 2;8? 11? 17? 26/ 3;5? 12? 21/ 21;7)]]u,fwifjcif;\tOD;tp}}tm; txl;jyKazmfjyjcif;ü
253
o[m Zmwjzpfap&ef or®musrf;enf;us vdktyfcsufjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmawmfvm or®mw&m;trsm;pkwdkYudk
usKd;aMumif;azmfjyrIqdkif&m [dkbufonfbuf wif;rmrIudk,fpDygaomtwGJrsm;jzifh azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ (txl;
taMumif;t&m 3;27/ ta½SYwdkif;pmayüMunfhyg/)
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/pGJNrJ&efvdktyfrI
c&pf,meftoufwmqdkif&m or®musrf;enf;usMo0g'rsm; ½Sif;vif;&efcufcJ&jcif;rSm ¤if;wdkYudk twGJ
vdkufusKd;aMumif; azmfjyaomyHkaqmifcsufrsm;jzpfonfh ta½SYwdkif;pmay[efrsKd;jzifh wifjyxm;aomaMumifh jzpf
onf/ tqdkygtwGJwdkYrSm qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifxif&aomfvnf;? ESpfrsKd;pvHk; or®musrf;pmenf;us
omvQifjzpfonf/ taemufwdkif;c&pf,mefrsm;onf xdkor®mw&m;twGJwpfwGJ\or®mw&m;wpfzufudka½G;cs,f
um? tjcm;wbufu or®mw&m;wpfcktm; vpfvsL½I(0g)½IwfcsMuonf/ om"ujzifh ½Sif;vif;azmfjyyg &ap/
u/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;&ef tpjyKqHk;jzwfcsufwpfckavm(0g)
wynfhawmftjzpf wpfoufwmqufuyfjcif;avm?
c/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkif bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh a½G;aumufjcif;
avm(0g) bk&m;ocif\ay;prf;rItm; vlom;u ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifwjzifh wHkYjyefjcif;avm?
*/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf wpfcgvufcHcJhNyDqdkvQif r½IH;qHk;Edkifaomt&mavm(0g)ZGJ½Sd½Sd qufvuf
oGm;&ef vdktyfoavm? pGJNrJjcif;jyóemonf toif;awmfordkif;wavQmufvHk; qufvufjzpf
ay:onf/ xdkjyóemrSm "r®opfusrf;xJ½Sd qefYusifae[ef½Sdaom usrf;ydk'frsm;aMumifh pwifjzpf
ay:onf/
u/ pdwfcsrItaMumif;usrf;ydk'frsm;
(1) a,½I\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a,m 6;37/ 10;28-29)
(2) aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a&mr 8;35-39/ {zuf 1;13/ 2;5? 8-9/ zd 1;6/ 2;13/
2ouf 3;3/ 2wd 1;12/ 4;18)
(3) ayw½k\ajymMum;csufrsm; (1ay 1;4-5)
c/
pGJNrJ&efvdktyfaMumif; usrf;ydk'frsm;/
(1) a,½I\ajymMum;csufrsm; (róJ 10;22/ 13;1-9/ 24-30/ 24;13/ rmuk 13;13/ a,m
8;31/ 15;4-10/ Asm 2;7? 17? 20/ 3;5? 12? 21)/
(2) aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a&mr 11;22/ 1aum 15;2/ 2aum 13;5/ *vm 1;6/ 3;4/
5;4/ 6;9/ zd 2;12/ 3;18-20/ aum 1;23)/
(3) a[NAJMo0g'pma&;ol\ ajymMum;csufrsm;(2;1/ 3;6? 14/ 4;14/ 6;11)/
(4) a,m[ef\ajymMum;csufrsm; (1a,m 2;6/ 2a,m 9)
(5) crnf;awmf\ajymMum;csufrsm; (Asm 21;7)
or®musrf;pmvm u,fwifjcif;onf tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkif oHk;yg;wqlbk&m;\arwåmawmf? *½kPm
awmfESifhaus;Zl;awmfrS xGufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\tpjyKay;jcif;r½Sdygu rnfolrQ u,fwif
jcif;r&Ekdifacs/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)/ bk&m;ocifonf yxrOD;qHk; <ua&mufvmum? tpDtpOf
pwifonfrSefaomfvnf;? vlom;onf ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifwjzifhwHkYjyefum? tpjyKjcif;ESifh quf
vufoGm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;aygif;pyfyg0ifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf y#dnOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufpyfrIjzifh vlom;
ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfonf/ ¤if;ü txl;tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;[lí½Sdonf!
254
u,fwifjcif;udk vlom;wdkif;tm; ay;prf;onf/ usqif;aomzefqif;jcif;\tjypf jyóemudk a,½I\
taocHjcif;u ajz½Sif;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vrf;aMumif;wpfckjyifqifay;um? rdrd\arwåmawmfESifh
a,½ItxJ rdrdjyifqifay;rItm;? rdrdo@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;cJholvlom;wdkif;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyKapvdkonf/
þtaMumif;t&mudk uJvfAJift,l0g'r[kwfaom ½IapmifhrS ydkízwf½Iavhvmvdkygu atmufygpmtkyf
rsm;üMunfhyg/
1/ Dale Moody, The Word of Truth, Eerdmans, 1981(pp. 348-365)
2/ Howard Marshall, Kept by the Power of God, Bethany Fellowship, 1969
3/ Robert Shank, Life in the Son, Wescott 1961
or®musrf;pmonf þu@ü uGJjym;jcm;em;aomjyóemESpfrsKd;ajymonf/ (1) pdwfcs&rItm; toD;rJh
aom? Zmwdudkvdkufaomtouf½SifrItwGuf cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpif yrmoabmxm;um? touf½Sifjcif;ESihf (2) trI
awmfjrwfESifh rdrdtjypfaMumifh ½kef;uef'ku©a&mufaeolrsm;udk tm;ay;tm;ajrmufjyKjcif;/ jyóemrSm rSm;,Gif;
aomtkyfpkrsm;onf rSm;,Gif;aomtcsuftvufrsm;udk&,lum or®musrf;pmusrf; ydk'frsm;ukd tuefYtowfjzifh
zJh,lNyD;"r®oabmt,l0g'rsm; wnfaqmufMuonf/ tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm; twGuf pdwfcs&rItcsuftvufrsm;
ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaepOf? tjcm;aomoltcsKdUtwGufrSmrl cyfwif;wif;owday;rIrsm; vdktyfaeMuonf!
oifonf rnfonfhtkyfpküjzpfoenf;?
NASB
26
xdkenf;wlpGm 0dnmOfawmfonfvnf; igwdkY\tm;enf;rIrsm;ukdulnDonf/ taMumif;rSm
igwdkYonf igwdkYawmif;oifhonft wdkif; rnfodkY qkawmif;&rnfudk rodMuaomfvnf;? pum;vHk;jzifh
ajym&ef euf½Idif;vGef;aomnnf;nLjcif;jzifh 0dnmOfawmfukd,fwdkifonf igwdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;
ay;onf/ 27pdwfESvHk;rsm;ukd ½SmazGppfaq;olonf 0dnmOfawmf\pdwfoabmudk od½Sdawmfrlonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifhtnD oefY½Sif;olrsm;twGuf
qkawmif;ay;onf/
8;26]]xdkenf;wlpGm}}þpum;pkonf 0dnmOfawmf\Mum;0if qkawmif;ay;jcif;tvkyftm; ti,f 18-25xJ
azmfjyonfh ]]nnf;nLjcif;ESifh ajrmfvifhjcif;}}wdkYESifh qufpyfay;onf/
]]0dnmOfawmfonfvnf;...ulnDonf}}¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDL (deponent) INDICATIVE jzpfonf/
þBud,mü aygif;pyfpum;vHk;ESpfck syn (i,f 28)ESifh anti ESpfckyg0ifonf/ taumif;qHk;bmomjyefrIrSm
]]qkyfxm;onf}}[líjzpf\/ þa0g[m&udk þae&mESifh vkum 10;40üom awGY½Sd&onf/ oHk;yg;aomwpfql
bk&m;\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf om;awmftm; vlom;udk,fpm;
taocH&ef apvTwfum(a,m 3;16)olonf ,cktcgüvnf; uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;
ay;aeonf/ (i,f? 34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 2;1)/ 0dnmOfawmfonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udk
c&pfawmfxHac:aqmifoGm;um? c&pfawmfudkolwdkYtxJ azmfaqmifonf/ (a,m 16;8-15)/ rnfodkYjzpfap
]]ulnD}}[laomBud,m\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; qkyfudkifxm;onf}}[líjzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfolrsm;\
u@rSmvnf; 0dnmOfawmf\rprI (qkawmif;ay;jcif;)tm; wefbdk;xm;&efjzpfonf/
255
]]tm;enf;csuf}}aygvkonf þemrfudk t"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhoHk;onf/ (BAGD,p.115)
1/ udk,fcE¨mtm;enf;rI(0g)zsm;emrI/ 2aum 11;30/ 12;5?9? 10/ *v 4;13/ 1wd 5;23
2/ vlom;\tajctae 1aum 15;43/ 2aum 13;4/
3/ Oyrmtjzpf
(u) ½Sufudk;½Sufuef;jzpfjcif;(owådaMumif)? 1aum 2;3
(c) w&m;pD&ifjcif;? a&mr 6;19
(*) bmoma&;tjrif csKdUwJhjcif; a&mr 8;26
Bud,mudkvnf; xdkenf;wloHk;onf
1/ udk,fcE¨mtm;enf;rI? zd 2;26-27/ 2wd 4;20
2/ vlom;\tajctae? a&mr 8;3/ 2aum 11;21/
3/ Oyrmtjzpf
(u) bmoma&;(0g)udk,fusifhw&m;tm;enf;rI- a&mr 14;2/ 2aum 8;11-12
(c) ,HkMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;jcif; - a&mr 4;19/ 14;1
(*) pdwftm;avsmhum aMumuf½GHUjcif;? 2aum 11;29
t"dyÜg,fudk usrf;pum;tquftpyfuomvQif qHk;jzwfEdkifaMumif; owd&yg/ tbd"gefwdkYonf
t"dyÜg,frsm;ESifh oHk;EIef;yHkrsm;udkom pm&if;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/
 ]]0dnmOfawmfukd,fwdkifonf pum;jzifhajym&ef euf½Idif;vGef;aom nnf;nLrIjzifh igwdkYtwGuf
Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onfh}},HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\½IH;qHk;rIrsm;twGuf nnf;nLMuum? 0dnmOfawmf
onf ¤if;wdkY twGuf qkawmif;ay;&mü nnf;nLonf/ a½G;EIwfcHolrsm;txJ½Sd 0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYtwGuf
qkawmif;ay;um? bk&m;ocif\vusfmawmfbuf½Sd a,½Ionfvnf; olwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;onf/ (i,f
27? 34/a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 2;1)/ þMum;0ifqkawmif;ay;rIonf ,HkMunfoludk qkawmif;&ef
cGeftm;ay;onf/ (i,f 15/ *v 4;6)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyft& þusrf;csufonf? tjcm;aombmom
pum;jzifhajymjcif; 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfonf ,HkMunfolbufrSaeum? crnf;
awmfxH qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]pum;vHk;jzifhajym&ef euf½Idif;vGef;}}
]]EIwfjzifh r>rwfqdkEkdifa om}}
]]pum;vHk;jzifh razmfjyEkdifaom}}
]]pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh rajymEkdifaom}}
þpum;vHk;rSm ]]pum;ajymonf}} ]]bmompum;}} (1aum 13;1)pum;vHk;rsm;twGuf ALPHA
PRIVATIVE jzifh trsm;oHk;pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;udk"r®opfusrf;ü þae&mwGifomawGY&onf/ þ
pum;vHk;udkyif tjcm;yHkpHwpfrsKd;jzifh rmuk\c&pf,mefusrf;wGif pum;têm;rMum;olrsm;tm; ajym&müoHk;
onf/ (7;37/ 9;17? 25)/
NASB, NRSV
NKJV
TEV
NJB
]]Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/}}txl;taMumif;t&m/
yHk 1;30 üMunfhyg/
256
/
Huper
aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;
8;27]]pdwfESvHk;udk½SmazGppfaq;ol}}¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;xJrS jyefay:vmaompum;jzpfonf/ (1"r® 2;7/
16;7/ 3"r® 8;39/ 1&m 28;9/ 2&m 6;30/ qmvH 7;9/ 44;21/ okwåH 15;11/ 20;27/ 21;2/ a,& 11;20/
17;9-10/ 20;12/ vkum 16;15/ wref 1;24/ 15;8) bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk tppftrSeftwkdif;
odawmfrlaeum? uRefawmfwdkYudkcspfNrJcspfaeoljzpfonf/ (qmvH 139)/
]]olonf oefY½Sif;olrsm;twGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/}} 0dnmOfawmf\wm0efrsm;udk a,m 16;215 ü ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/ ¤if;wdkYteufwpfckrSm qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]oefY½Sif;olrsm;}}[laom a0g[m&udk trsm;jyudef;jzifh azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ zd 4;21ürl ,HkMunfolrsm;
tm;vHk;udk&nfnTef;um tenf;jyudef;jzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\rdom;pk0ifrsm;? c&pfawmf
\udk,fcE¨m? ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;jzifh yg0ifaqmufvkyfxm;aom Adrmefawmftopfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm taemuf
wdkif;(tar&duef)wpfudk,fawmf^wpfOD;csif;0g'tm; o[mZwjzpfap&ef "r®csdefcGifjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;
t&m/ / oefY½Sif;olrsm; 1;7üMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfaMumif;
"r®a[mif;usrf;wGif ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}}(Oyrm? ruach)rSm YHWH \&nf½G,fcsufudk taumif
txnfazmfaqmifaom pGrf;tm;jzpfaomfvnf; yk*¾dKvfjzpfaMumif; azmfjyrIt&dyfta&mifr½Sdacs/ ("r®a[mif;
wpfqlbk&m;)rnfodkYjzpfap "r®opfusrf;ü[k 0dnmOfawmfrSm yk*¾dKvftjynfhtpHkESifhyk*¾dKvfjzpfaMumif; rSwfwrf;
wifxm;onf/
1/ olYudk uJh&JUjypfrSm;Edkifonf/ (róJ 12;31/ rmuk 3;29)
2/ oGefoifonf (vkum 12;12/ a,m 14;26)
3/ oufaocHonf (a,m 15;26)
4/ tjypfudkjyonf? vrf;jyonf (a,m 16;7-15)
5/ ]]ol}}[kac:onf (hos) ({zuf 1;14)/
6/ pdwfemusnf;apEdkifonf ({zuf 4;30)
7/ Nidrf;apEkdifonf (1ouf 5;19)
oHk;yg;wpfqlqdkif&m usrf;ydk'frsm;onfvnf; yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;taMumif;ajymonf/
1/ róJ 28;19
2/ 2aum 13;14
3/ 1ay 1;2
0dnmOfawmfukd vlom;enf;wlvkyfaqmifoltjzpf azmfjyonf/
1/ wref 15;28
2/ a&mr 8;26
3/ 1aum 12;11
4/ {zuf 4;30/
wrefawmf0w¬KwGif ppcsif;0dnmOfawmf\u@udk tav;teufjyKonf/ yifawukawåonf 0dnmOf
awmf\tpr[kwfbJ? ¤if;\u@opfwpf&yfjzpfonf/ a,½Iü 0dnmOfawmftNrJ½Sdonf/ ol\a&ESpfr*FvmcH,l
jcif;onf 0dnmOfawmftvkyf\tpr[kwfbJ? ¤if;\u@opfwpfckjzpfonf/ vkumonf xda&mufonfh
trIawmfvkyfief;u@opfwpf&yftwGuf toif;awmfudk jyifqifay;onf/ a,½Ionf t"dupl;pdkuf&mjzpfae
257
qJjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf xda&mufaomwefqmyvm(means-enf;vrf;)jzpfaeqJjzpfum? crnf;awmf\
arwåmawmf? tjypfvGwfawmfrljcif;ESifh vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYtm; rdrd\o@mefawmftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfapvmap
jcif;rSm ol\yef;wdkifawmfjzpfygownf;!
258
NASB
(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;28-30
28
bk&m;ocifudk cspfaom olrsm;? rdrdMuH&G,fcsufESifhtnD ac:zdwfaom xdkolwdkY aumif;usKd;twGuf
t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk bk&m;ocifvkyf apaMumif; igwdkY od&\/ 29 taMumif;rSm olonf rdrdMudKwifodESifhcJhaom
olrsm;udkyif rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefawmf aqmifvmapjcif;iSg MudKwifcefYxm;awmfrl\/ taMumif;rSm
om;awmfonf nDtpfudk trsm;xJü om;OD;jzpfap&efwnf;/ 30MudKwifcefYxm;aom olrsm;udkyif ac:awmfrl\/
ac:awmfrlaom olwdkYudkf ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapawmfrl\/ ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapaom olrsm;udkvnf;
bkef;BuD;apawmfrl\/
8;28 ]]igwdkYodMu\}} Bud,m (oida) onf þusrf;ydk'fü av;Budrf yg0ifonf/
1/ zef;qif;aom t&mtm;vkH;nnf;nIaMumif; ,kHMunfolrsm; od&Sdtm;Muonf/ (i,f 22)
2/ rnfodkY qkawmif;&rnfudk ,kHMunfolrsm; rod&SdMu (i,f 26)
3/ vlom;rsm;\ ESvkH;ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ pdwfudk crnf;awmf od&Sdonf/ (i,f 27)
4/ aumif;usKd;twGuf tm;vkH;twlvkyfaMumif; ,kHMunfolrsm; od&SdMuonf/ (i,f 28)

NASB, TCNT ]]bk&m;ocifonf
t&mtm;vkH;....aponf}}
NKJV, NRSV
NET
TEV, NIV
]]t&mtm;vkH;}}
]]t&mtm;vkH;ü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmif}}
usrf;pum;qufpyfrIt& ar;cGef;rSm (Theos or Theon) ]]bk&m;}} pum;vkH; þ ti,fü ygoavm[lí jzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaomolrsm;}} qdkonfh pum;pkü uJGjym;jcm;em;rI &Sdonf/
1/ tcsKdUvufa&; usrf;rsm;ü xdkBud,maemufü "ho Theos" jznfhpGufMuonf/ P46, A, B, 81 ESifh tcsKdUaom
Coptic ESihf Ethiopian h bmomjyefusrf;rsm;
2/ Aleph, C, D, F, G ESifh Vulgate, Peshitta, Armenian
bmomjyefusrf;ponfh trsm;pk
4
vufa&;usrf;rsm;onf ¤if;udk csefxm;Muonf/ UBS onf ¤if;udk "B" tqifh (aocsmoavmuf)
owfrSwfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vkyfqmifrI txl;wvnf;jyK&ef NASB onf ¤if;udk xnfhoGif;onf/
usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmjzifh Munfhonfhtcg 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIudk ajymvdkjcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/ (i,f 27/ NEB, REB)
 ]]aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfaqmifonf}} ¤if;rSm
tjcm;aygif;pyfpum;vkH;wpfck
jzpfonf/
jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm syn ygaom
¤if;\ qdkvdk&if; tppftrSefrSm
PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
(i,f
26)/
259
xdkYaMumifh
]]aumif;usKd;twGuf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYonf tcsif;csif; yl;aygif;um qufvufvkyfaqmifaeMuonf}} [lí jzpf\/
qdk;oGrf;í 'ku©qif;&JcHaeaom þurÇmwGif ¤if;rSm rSmcufcJaom oabmwpfck jzpfonf/
(þtaMumif;t&mtwGuf yHhydk;aompmtkyf ESpfrsKd;rSm Wenham a&;om;onfh The Goodness of God ESifh Hannah
Whithall Smith a&;onfh The Christian Secret of a Happy Life jzpfonf/) aumif;usKd;qdkonfh t&mudk ti,f
29 ü t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfcsufay;um ]]rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefudk aqmifvmap&ef}} [lí jzpfonf/
c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;rSm ukHvkH<u,f0jcif;r[kw?f usef;rma&;r[kwf? emrnfxifay: ausmfMum;rIr[kwfbJ?
,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf rajymif;rvTJEdkifaom bk&m;ocif\ pDpOfrIjzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaom olrsm;? rdrdBuH&G,fcsufESifhtnD ac:zdwfaom xdkolwdk}Y } ¤if;wdkYrSm
PRESENT ACTIVE
ESpfckjzpfonf/ þwnfjrJaom tajctaeESpf&yfwdkYonf ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; ajymif;vJaom
tajctaersm; rnfodkY jzpfapb0toufwmtm; tjyKoabmbufrS qufvuf½Ijriffaponf/ (i,f 15)/ xdkYjyif
y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m rsufESmpm ESpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ vl\ vGwfvyfrI (]]cspf}}) ESifh bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm
(]]ac:xm;aom}}) wdkYudkvnf; aemufxyf *½kjyKyg/
bk&m;ocif\ xm0& pDrHcsufESifh qdkifaom ]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} a0g[m&tm; a&mr 9;11 {zuf 1;11/ 3;11
ESifh 2wd 1;9 wdkYü awGU&onf/ bk&m;ocifü usqif;aom vlom;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef xm0& BuH&G,fcsuf&Sdonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREkfyf Bob \ {0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5ü Munfhyg/
PARTICIPLE
8;29-30 þti,frsm;ü &Sdaom Bud,mrsm;rSm vkyfaqmifcJhjyD;aom jzpf&yfrSefjyonfh Bud,mrsm; (AORIST ACTIVE
INDICATIVE) jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tcsdefumv [lí r&SdrDESifh? tcsdefumvr&Sdawmhaom tcsdef wdkY\ qufpyfrI
wpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk od&Sdaeonf/ udk,fawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf jzpfaeqJESifh?
uRefawmfwdkYtm; olESifhtwl &SdapvdkqJ jzpfonf/ þodkY qdk&mü vlom;tm; wpkwaygif;wnf;oabmjzifh
ajymjcif;jzpfjyD;? wpfOD;csif;tm; qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfaMumif; usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabm t& enf;vnf&onf/
aemufqkH;bkef;BuD;apjcif;rSm? tem*wfüyif &Sdaeao;aomfvnf;? þusrf;ydk'fürl jzpfysufcJhjyD;aom t&m
wpfcktjzpf azmfjyygonf/
8;29/ ]]BudKwifod&SdESihf}} aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk ESpfcgokH;&m þae&mESifh 11;2 wdkYü jzpfonf/ 11;2 onf
tcsdefumv [lí r&SdrDuyif bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;wdkYtm; y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&mjzifh cspfaMumif;
&nfnTef;onf/ a[jAJ pum;ü ]]odonf}} qdkaom a0g[m&rSm vlwpfa,muftaMumif;tjzpf tysufrsm;udk
ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? vlwpfOD;csif; qufqH&mü &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIudk qdkvdkaMumif; owd&yg/ (urÇm 4;1/ a,&
1;5)/ þae&mürl tjzpftysufrsm;\ uGif;qufwpfck yg0ifonf/ (i,f 29-30) þa0g[m&onf
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap bk&m;ocif\ BudKwifod&SdrIonf a&G;aumufjcif;\
tajccHtaMumif;w&m r[kwfacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkodkY qdkygu a&G;aumufjcif;onf usqif;aom
vlom;\ tem*wf umvü jyKrnfwkHYjyefrIay: tajcjyKjcif;jzpfoGm;um? ¤if;udpörSm vlom;\
vkyfudkifaqmif&GufrIjzpfoGm;ayrnf/ þa0g[m&udk wref 26;5/ 1ay 1;2?20 ESifh 2ay 3;17 wdkYüvnf;
awGU&ygonf/
260
]]BudKwifcefYxm;}}
]]BudKwifyg&Sdonf}} (proginŌskŌ) odkYr[kwf ]]BudKwifcefYxm;onf}}
(proorizŌ)
a0g[m&ESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm 0dbwf ]]rD}} - before (pro) ESifh aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfjyD; ]]rDuod&Sdonf}}
]]rDuabmifcsxm;onf}} odkYr[kwf ]]rDtrSwftom;jyKonf}} [lí bmomjyef&ef jzpfonf/
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;taMumif;wdusaocsmaom "r®opfusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm a&mr 8;28-30/ {zuf 1;3-14
ESifh a&mr 9 wdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tcsKyftcsm jzpfaMumif;þusrf;ydk'frsm;ü xif&Sm;pGm
tav;teufjyKxm;onf/ olonf vlUordkif; tygt0ift&m cyfodrf;t<uif;rJh xdef;csKyfonf/ ¤if;ü
tcsdefwefonfhtcg taumiftxnfazmfonfh bk&m;&Sifwiful;csrSwfxm;onf a&GUEIwfjcif; pDrHcsuf wpfck&Sdonf/
rnfodkYjzpfap þpDrHcsufrSm igwaumaumjzpfh (0g) vufa&G;0ifjyKjcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\
tcsKyftcsmESifh BudKwifod&Sdxm;rIudk omvQif tajcjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwÅm? *½kPmawmfESifh
xdkufwefjcif;r&Sdaom? aus;Zl;awmfwdkYudkyg tajcjyKonf/
uREkfyfwdkY\ taemufwdkif; (tar&duef) wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif; 0g'odkYr[kwf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
jyefYESHUapvdkaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwftm;xufoefrItm;jzifh þthHMobG,f&m or®mw&m;tm; ta&mifcs,fjcif; udk
owdxm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif¤if;or®mw&m;tm;ordkif;qdkif&m? "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m tjiif;yGg;rIrsm;
jzpfonfh Mo*wfpwif;ESifh yJv*D;&m;pf (0g) uJvfAif 0g'ESifh tmrD;eD;pf 0g'rsm;xJodkY OD;vSnfhoGm;apjcif; rjyK&ef
owdxm;Mu&ayrnf/
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf? aus;Zl;awmfESifh *½kPmawmfwdkYtm; uefYowf&ef
(0g) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf vltcsKdUtm; z,fxkwfvdkufjcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; olwdkY\
avmutjrifudk ykHoGif;jcif;jzifh cGeftm;&Sdap&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf jzpfonf/
(a,m 3;16/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;xdef;csKyf aeonf/ rnfolrnf0g?
rnfonfht&monf igwdkYtm; txHawmfrS cJGxkwfEdkifrnfenf;¿ (a&mr 8;31-39) BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf
vlwpfa,muftm; b0tjrifESpfrsKd;teuf wpfrsKd;jzpfay:aponf/ bk&m;ocifonf ordkif;wpfckvkH; ypöKyÜeftjzpf
½Ijrifonf/ vlom;wdkYudk tcsdefqdkonfht&monf csKyfaESmifxm;\/ uRefawmfwdkY\ oabmxm;tjrifrsm;ESifh
pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkYrSm tuefYtowfESifh jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom
pdwfqE´wdkYü qefYusifbufoabmr&Sdacs/ ¤if;rSm y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m zJGUpnf;ykHjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm
wif;rmaomaMumif;usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrI
ykHpHjzifhay;xm;onfh
or®musrf;pmawmfvm
or®mw&m;\
tjcm;Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ta&SUwdkif; pmay 3;27ü Munfhyg/) or®musrf;pmvmMo0g'
rsm;udk uJGjym;jcm;em;aomtjrifrsm;jzifh wifjyxm;avh&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef ykHpHrsKd;jzifh
awGU&avh&Sdonf/ or®mw&m;[lonf qefYusifbufjzpfae[eftwJG wpfwJG\ tMum;ü jzpfonf/ xdkor®mw&m;
rsm;teuf wpfckudk aumuf,lum? xdkwif;rmrItm; rz,f&Sm;&acs/ or®musrf;pmvm or®mw&m;wpf&yftm;
wdusonfhtaMumif;t&m qufpyfrIr&SdbJ? "r®oabmw&m;enf;pHepfwpf&yfxJ oD;jcm;oGwfoGif;jcif; rjyK&acs/
xdkYjyif a&G;aumufjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm aoqkH;jyD; aumif;uifbkHa&muf&ef rQomr[kwfbJ? ,ckvuf&Sdü
c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfaMumif; ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10) udkvnf; jznfhpGuf&ef ta&;MuD;onf! uRefawmfwdkYudk
]]oefY&Sif;í tjypfwifjcif; uif;&ef}} a&G;aumufxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk
ajymif;vJoGm;ap&efESifh? xdkajymif;vJrIudk tjcm;olrsm;jrifum? c&pfawmftm;jzifh olYudk ,kHMunfrIESifh wkHUjyefrI
jyKvmMuap&ef &nf&G,fonf/ BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf txl;tcGifhta&;wpf&yfr[kwfbJ? y#dnOfjyKjcif; qdkif&m
wm0ef0wÅ&m;wpf&yf jzpfygownf; !
 ]]rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefawmfaqmifvmap&ef}} ¤if;rSm þpmydk'f\ t"duusaom or®mw&m;wpf&yfjzpfjyD;
c&pf,mef\ yef;wkdifjzpfonf/ (8;9/ 2aum 3;118/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 2;10/ 4;13/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/
1ay 1;15)/ oefY&Sif;jcif;onf ,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\
261
a&G;aumufjcif;onf c&pfawmfESifh wlnDrIjzpfjyD; ({zuf 1;4) txl;&yfwnfcsuf wpfckr[kwfacs/ zefqif;csdefü
vlom;udk ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ ykHo@mefawmfudk (urÇm 1;26/ 5;13/ 9;6) ed*dkaetwdkif;
jyef&ap&efjzpfonf/ (aum 3;10)/ 8;21\ rSwfcsufESifh txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ac:zdwfonf 1;6ü Munfhyg/
]]om;awmfonf nDtpfudk trsm;xJü om;OD;jzpfap&efwnf;}} qmvH 89;27 t& ]]om;OD;}} [lonf
ar&Sd,t&Sif \ bJGUemrawmf wpfyg; jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;xJü om;OD;onf tBuD;jrwfqkH;ESifh
tcGifhxl;&&Sdol jzpfonf/ aum 1;15ü okH;aom a0g[m&onf zefqif;jcif;xuf a,½Ionf ydkí
BuD;jrwfaMumif;jyo&efjzpfum? Asm 1;5 onf &Sifjyefxajrmuf&mü tBuD;jrwfqkH;jzpfaMumif; jyo&efjzpfonf/
þpmydk'fü ,kHMunfolwdkYudk udk,fawmf\ BuD;jrifhrIxJodkY olYrSwpfqifh ,laqmifoGm;onfudk awGU&onf/
þa0g[m&rSm a,½Ionf vlom;jzpfvmjcif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? vlrsKd;EG,ftopfwpfck\
OD;acgif;tjzpf &nfnTef;onf/ (5;12-21)/ jzpfpOf wpfck\ yxr? uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;\
tOD;tp? ,kHMunfjcif;rdom;pktwGuf crnf;awmf\ aumif;csD;r*Fvm pD;qif;&mvrf;aMumif; jzpfonf!
atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / om;OD;
þpum;vkH; ]]om;OD;}} (prototokos) udk or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,f trsKd;rsKd;jzifh okH;onf/
1/ ¤if;\ "r®a[mif;usrf; aemufcHrSm rdom;pkwpfck\ om;OD;tjzpf tBuD;jrwfqkH;jzpfaMumif;
&nfnTef;onf/ (qm 89;27/ vkum 2;7/ a&mr 8;29/ a[jAJ 10;28)
a,½I
nf zefq
if;jcifmusrf
;ü ;yxrjzpf
aMumif
; ajymonf
aumcdk;}} 1;15
xdkpum;vkH;h okazmf
H;&m?jyavh
¤if&;Sdo
onf
8;302/ ]]bk
ef;BuDo;aponf
}} or®
pmwGif bk
&m;ocif
udk ]]bkeh f;wef
[laomü a0g[m&jzif
nf/
"r®
a
[mif
;
usrf
;
ok
w
Å
H
8;22-31
tm;
&nf
n
T
e
f
;
jcif
;
ok
d
U
r[k
w
f
bk
&
m;ocif
o
nf
ol
Y
t
m;jzif
xdkpum;vkH;rSm ukefonf okH;a0g[m& ]]av;vHonf}} [k t"dygÜ ,f&Sdaom rl&if;pum;rS vmum a&TuJhoh dkY
zef;q
if;aMumif
;tm;
nTef;;jcif
; jzpfE;dkit&m
fonf3;23
/ (a,m
1;3/hy1aum
aum 1;15-16/
1;2)/
wefbdk;BuD
onf
[k qdkv
dkonf&nf
/ txl
taMumif
ü Munf
g/ "r®o8;6/
abmw&m;tm;jzif
h bka[jAJ
&m;ocif
onf
3/
xd
k
p
um;vk
H
;
ud
k
a,½I
t
m;
aoaom
ol
r
sm;teuf
r
S
yxrOD
;
qk
H
;
arG
;
zG
m
;ol
t
jzpf
aum
1;18/
1aum
ti,f 29-30 ü azmfjyonfh qifhrsm;tm;jzifh usqif;cJhjyD;jzpfaom vlom;udk a&G;EIwfjcif; jzpfonf/
&nf;}}nTejzpf
f;onf
aemufq15;20
kH;tqif(ES
hrSmifh þ
]]bkeae&mü)
f;BuD;apjcif
onf/ / ¤if;onf ,kHMunfol\ u,fwifjcif;jyD; jynfhpkHrIjzpfayrnf/
4/ ¤if&S;onf
d,ES&imfh qdaeYkifí
;usrfxd;üktok
bJGUemrawmf
kjzpfdkY\onf
/ mOf
(qmvH
89;27/
¤if;onf
ifjyefxar&S
ajrmuf
ü "r®
jzpfaa[mif
y:um?
csdeH;aom
fü ,kHMunf
olwdkYtm;wpfolcw
0dn
cE¨mud
k,frsm;
a[jAJ
1;6/
12;23)/
¤if
;
onf
u@trsKd
;
rsKd
;
ü
a,½I
o
nf
tBuD
;
jrwf
q
k
H
;
ES
i
f
h
A[k
d
c
suf
j
zpf
a
Mumif
ay;rSmjzpfNyD;
(1aum
15;50-58)
okH;yg;wpfql
bk&m;&SifESifhvnf;aumif;;?
;pyf;jcsif
yo&m
ckjzpfohtnf
/ þpmyd
fü m3;Muvd
ESifh 4rfhrwdnfkYE/Sifh (1ouf
udkufnDr4;13-18/
It&SdqkH;jzpf1a,m
onf/ 3;2)/
,kHMunfaygif
oltcsif
;onfbJvGUemrawmf
nf;aumifw; pftjynf
0aygif
;pnfk';oG
ti,f 29-30ü azmfjyonfh jzpfpOfrsm;udk "r®oabm trskd;rskd;jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/
1/ ajzmifhrwf&müwnfapjcif;? i,f 30 – tjypf\ 'PfrS vGwfajrmufapjcif; (om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;?
tarGcHrsm;? i,f 16-17)
2/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (Oyrm? ]]om;awmf\ o@mefawmftwdkif; ajymif;vJoGm;apjcif;? ykHoGif;jcijf;}}) i,f
29- tjypf\ wefcdk;rS vGwfajrmufapjcif; (c&pfawmfenf;wl touf&Sifjcif;)
3/ bkef;BuD;apjcif; i,f – 30/ tjypf&Sd&m t&yfrS vGwfajrmufapjcif;/ (þavmurS – aumifuifbkHodkY)
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;31-39
31
odkYjzpfvQif þt&mrsm;ü tb,fodkY ajym&rnfenf;¿ bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtwGuf jzpfvQif
igwwbufü rnfolaeoenf;¿ 32rdrdom;awmfudkyif ESajrmjcif; r&SdbJ? igwdkYtm;vkH;twGuf tyfESHawmflrI
olonf
om;awmfESifhtwl
t&mcyfodrf;udk
igwdkYtm;
tcrJh
ray;bJ?
aeOD;rnfavm¿
262
33
bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufawmfrIaom
olwdkY wbufü tb,foltjypfwifvdrfhrnfenf;¿ ajzmifhrwf&mü
wnfapawmfrl olrSm bk&m;ocifjzpf\/ 34jypf'PfpD&ifolrSm rnfolenf;¿ c&pfawmf a,½Ionf
aoqkH;oGm;olomru? jyef&Sifxajrmufum? bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbufü aeum? uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf
qkawmif;ay;oljzpfonf/ 35igwdkYudk c&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwÅmrS b,folcJGxkwfrnfenf;¿'ku©qif;&J?
aomua0'em? nTef;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;? iwfrGwfjcif;? t0wftpm;uif;rJhjcif;? ab;tEÅ&,fESifh"g;wdkYonf
cGJxkwfEdkifOD;rnfavm¿ 36udk,fawmftwGuf uREfkyfwdkYonf wpfaeYwmvkH; taoowfjcif; cH&Mu\/
uRefawmfwdkYudk owfbdkU xm;aom odk;uJhodkY oabmxm;Mu\ [lí a&;xm;onfhtwdkif; jzpf\/ 37odkYaomf
igwdkYudk
cspfawmfrlolrSwqifh
þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay:
igwdkYonf
tBuD;tus,fatmifEdkifMu\/
38
taMumif;rlum; aojcif;jzpfap? touf&Sifjcif;jzpfap? aumif;uifwrefrsm;jzpfap? txG#ftjrwfrsm;jzpfap?
39
vuf&Sdt&mrsm;jzpfap?
aemuftem*wft&mrsm;jzpfap?
tmPmwefcdk;rsm;jzpfap?
tjrifhjzpfap?
euf½dIif;aomt&mjzpfap? zefqif;onfhtjcm;t&m wpfpkHwpfckjzpfap igwdkY\ ocifc&pfawmftxJ&Sd
bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh igwdkYudk ruGmapEdkifaMumif; igoabmayguf\/
8;31 ]]odkYjzpfvQif þt&mrsm;ü tb,fodkY ajym&rnfenf;¿}} ¤if;onf aygvkESpfoufvSaom pum;pk
wpfckjzpfum? jypfwifpmykHpH ol\ wifjyrIudk ay:vGifaponf/ (3;5/ 4;1/ 6;1/ 7;7/ 9;14? 30)
þar;cGef;onf ay;xm;cJhaom or®mw&mrsm;ESifh qufpyfonf/ ¤if;onf aemufydkif;azmfjycJhonfh
t&mrsm;rnfrQxdnTef;qdkaMumif; raocsmay/ ¤if;onf 3;21-31 (0g) 8;1 (0g) 8;18 tm;&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/ 8;1 ü tokH;jyKcJhaom ]]xdkYaMumifh}} pum;vkH;ESifh 8;18 \ taMumif;t&mwdkYonf þcefYrSef;jcif;
rSefuefaMumif;jyorI jzpfEdkifonf/
]]vQif}} ¤if;rSm yxrwefpm; cRif;csuf 0gusrsKd;jzpfjyD;? pma&;oltjrifü trSef[k rSwf,ljcif; (0g) ol\
pma&;[efjzpfonf/ igwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ tjypfESifh þrQ&kef;uefaeonfh Mum;xJ thHMop&maumif;onfrSm
bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtwGuf jzpfaejcif;yif!
]]igwdkYwbufü rnfolaeoenf;}} emrfpm; ]]rnfol}} pum;vkH;udk ti,f 33? 34?35 wdkYü xyfrHazmfjyonf/
¤if;rSm pmwefjzpfonf/ (16;20 rwdkifrcsif; emrnftm;jzifh razmfjyacs/) þpmydk'fjzpfonfh 31-39 ü "r®a[mif;
ya&mzufrsm;\ pmaya&;[efudk okH;jyD;? w&m;cGif oabmjzpfonf/ (rdu©m 1;6)/ YHWH onf
rdrdvlrsKd;awmftm; olwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;umr½kPfazgufzsufrIaMumifh w&m;cGifodkY ac:oGm;onf/ ¤if;onf
a[&Sm, 50;8-9udk nTef;onf/
w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;jzpfonfh ]]wbufü}} jypf'PfpD&ifonf}} i,f 34 ESifh
]]Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;onf}} i,f 34wdkYudk rSwfom;yg/ bk&m;ocifrSm w&m;olMuD;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfrSm
ckcHavQmufvJcsuf ay;ola&SUae (w&m;;cH tusKd;aqmif) jzpfonf/ pmwefrSm w&m;vdk a&SUaejzpfonf/ (odkYaomf
oljidrfí aeonf)/ aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf apmifhMunfhavhvmolrsm;tjzpf wpfcef;vkH; jynfhaeonf/ 91aum
4;9/ {zuf 2;7/ 3;10)/
8;32 ]]rdrdom;awmfudkyif rESajrmaomol}} bk&m;ocifonf usqif;aom vlom;tm; rdrd\ taumif;qkH;udk
ay;cJhjyD/ udk,fawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk ,ckusrS tenf;i,fudk omvQif ay;vdrf.rnfr[kwfacs/
(a,m3;16/a&mr 5;8) "r®a[mif;usrf;xJutmCwBuD;rm;aom bk&m;ocifqdkonfh t,ltqonf arwÅ&Sif
a,½IESifh rnfrQuJGvTJbdoenf;! tqkH;pGefaom þvufaqmifonf tmjA[HxH bk&m;ocifazmfjyonfh.... urÇmOD;
263
22;12? 16 udk ay:vGifapygonf/ *sL;&AÁq&mBuD;rsmonf
tquftEG,ftwGuf tpm;xkd;&m tjypfajzjcif;twGuf okH;cJhMuonf/
þ"r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'ftm;
tmjA[H\
]]igwdkYtm;vkH;twGuf tyfESHawmfrlonf}} ]]tm;vkH;}} [laom þusrf;ydk'fxJu pum;vkH;rSm t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
a,½Ionf avmu\ tjypfrsm;twGuf taocHonf/ (vkum 2;10-11/ a,m 3;16/ 4;42/ 11;51/ 1wd
4;10/ 1a,m 2;2/ 4;14)/ ¤if;onf 5;12-21 u tm'H c&pfawmfykHaqmifcsufrsm;udk xif[yfaponf/ a,½I\
taocHjcif;onf tjypfjyóemudk ajz&Sif;onf/ ,ck ]],kHMunfí vufcHyg}} qdkonfrSm jyóemjzpfonf/
]]t&mcyfodrf;udk igwdkYtm; tcrJhay;}} ]]þBud,monf aus;Zl;awmf [laom pum;vkH; qif;ouf&m
*&dpum;vkH; jzpfonf/ t&mcyfodrf;}} [k qdk&mü tcef; 7 udk &nfnTef;onf/ 3;24 rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/
]]tjypfwif}} .... ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfap .... jypf'PfpD&if ... Mum;0if awmifyefay; (qkawmif;ay;)}}
þpum;vkH; tm;vkH;wdkYrSm w&m;Oya' pum;vkH;rsm; jzpfonf/ ti,f 31-39 rSm aumif;uifbkHw&m;cGif\
jrifuGif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf a[&Sm, 50;8-9 udk nTef;qdkEdkifonf/
8;33 ]]bk&m;ocif a&G;aumufawmfrlaom olwd}kY } a,½Ionf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf bk&m;ocif\
a&G;aumufawmfrlol jzpfonf/ (Barth) þor®mw&m;twGuf "r®opfusrf;xJu t&Sif;qkH;? tjynfhpkHqkH;
usrf;ykd'frsm;rSm {zuf 1;3-4 ESifh a&mr 9;14-16 wdkY jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vkH;udk a&G;csuf&ef? crnf;awmfonf
a,½Iudk a&G;cs,fonf? usqif;aom vlom;udk bk&m;ocifu ]]r}} [k qdkjcif;twGuf a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\
]][kwf}} jzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / a&G;aumufjcif;? BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabm
w&m;csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyfrI/
a&G;aumufjcif;onf tHhMop&maumif;aom Mo0g' wpf&yfjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf
rsufESmomay;í rsufESmvdkuf&efr[kwfbJ? vrf;aMumif;wpfck? wefqmyvmwpfck (0g) tjcm;olrsm;tm;
a&G;EIwf&ef enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;üþpum;vkH;udk trIawmfudpötwGuf t"du
tokH;jyKum? "r®opfusrf;ürl u,fwifjcif;twGuf rlvtm;jzifh tokH;jyKjcif;jzpfjyD;? ¤if;onf
trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;udk jzpfay:aponf/ or®usrf;pmonf qefYusifbufjzpf[ef&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
tcsKyftcsmtmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qE´wdkYudk o[mZmwjzpfap&ef ndSEdIif;jcif;rjyKcJhbJ? ESpfckpvkH;
twnfjyKonf! or®musrf;pmawmfvm þwif;rmrItwGuf aumif;rSefaom OyrmwpfckrSm a&mr 9 u
bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmESifh a&mr 10 u vlom;\ wkHUjyefrI vdktyfjcif;taMumif;wdkY jzpfonf/
(10;11? 13)/
þ"r®oabmw&m; wif;rmrI\ aomhcsufudk {zuf 1;4 ü awGU&SdEdkifonf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif
a&G;aumufaom vlom;jzpfum? vlom;tm;vkH;rSm olYtxJü tvm;tvmaumif;pGm a&G;cs,fonf/ (Karl Barth)
usqif;cJhaom vlom;\ vdktyfrItwGuf a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\ ]][kwfuJh}} jzpfonf/ (Karl Barth)
264
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm aumif;uifbkHr[kwfb?J oefY&Sif;jcif; (c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif;) jzpfaMumif;
{zuf 1;4 onf twnfjyKum? &Sif;vif;oGm;&ef yhHydk;ay;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\
tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;üom tm½kHa&mufum? ¤if;\ wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;udk vpfvsL½Irdavh&SdMuonf! bk&m;ocif\
ac:zdwfjcif; (a&G;cs,fjcif;) onf xm0&twGuf jzpfonf enf;[ktcsdef umvtwGufvnf; jzpfonf !
Mo0g'rsm; [lonf wpfckaom or®mw&m;? qufpyfrI r&Sdaom or®mw&m;rsm;ESifh r[kwfbJ?
or®mw&m;tm;vkH;ESifh qufpyfonf/ aumif;rGefpGm rsKd;uJGqifwlrIwpf&yfonf Mu,fpk wpfpkESifh Mu,fwpfvkH;yrm
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf or®mw&m;rsm;udk wifjy&mü taemufwdkif;pmay[efjzifh r[kwfbJ? ta&SUwdkif;
pmay[efjzifh wifjyonf/ Mo0g' qdkif&m or®mw&m;rsm;tm; twJGvdkuf tusKd;taMumif; jyrIrsm;jzifh
wifquf&mrS jzpfay:vmaom wif;rmrIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;jcif;rjyK&acs/ (¤if;wdkUrSm qefYusifaeoa,mif
xif&aomfvnf; xdkodkY r[kwfaom wifjyrI wpfrsKd; Paradoxical jzpfonf/)
1/ BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qEÉSifh tNydKif
2/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\ vkHjcHKrI onfpJGjrJ&ef vdktyfrIESifh - tNydKif
3/ ADZtjypfonfpdwfqE´jzifh jyKaom tjypfESifh – tNydKif
4/ tjypfuif;jcif;? pHkvifjynfh0rI 0g'onftjypf enf;EdkiforQ enf;jcif;ESifh - tNydKif
5/ ppcsif; csufjcif; ajzmifhrwfí oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;onf jzpfay:wdk;wufaeaom oefY&Sif;pifMu,f
rIESifh - tNydKif
6/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIonff c&pf,mef wm0ef 0wÅ&m;ESifh – tNydKif
7/ bk&m;ocifonf (vlom;tm;) ausmfvGefrIonfftwGif; tpÆswÅoEÅmefü &Sdaom bk&m;ocifESifh tNydKif
8/ vlom;rsm;tqkH;pGefxd rem;vnfEdkifol bk&m;jzpfjcif;onf or®musrf;pmxJü odEdkifol bk&m;
jzpfjcif;ESifh - NydKif
9/ ypöKyÜefumv bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfumvü jynfhpkHrIESifh - tNydKif
10/ aemifw&jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfckjzpfjcif;rSm y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m vlom;\
wkHYjyefrItjzpf aemifw&&ef vkdtyfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif
11/ a,½Ionf bk&m;jzpfjcif;rSm a,½Ionf vlom;wpfa,mufjzpfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif
12/ a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifh nDrQjcif;rSm a,½Ionf crnf;awmf\ tapcHjzpfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif
]]y#dnOfw&m;}} [laom "r®oabmw&m;onf trdefYawmfcsrSwfum tcsKyftcsmjzpfol bk&m;ocif (tpjyKum?
tpDtpOfcsrSwfavh&Sdonf) tm; aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh qufvufwkHYjyefrI jyK&aom vlom;wdkYESifh
aygif;pnf;ay;onf/
qefYusifaeoa&mifjzpfaeaom
or®mw&m;twJGwpfck\
tjcm;wzufwnf;jzifh
twnfjyKum? tjcm;wzufudk ½Iwfcsjcif;tm; txl;owdxm;yg! rdrdpdwfBudKufMo0g' (0g) "r®oabmw&m;
pepfwpf&yftm; tom;ay;jcif;udk owdxm;yg!
8;34 tb,faMumifh jypf'PfpD&ifrcH&aMumif;\ taMumif;&if; tawmfrsm;rsm; þtcef;i,fü azmfjyonf/
(i,f 1)
1/ udk,fawmf taocHcJhonf
265
2/ udk,fawmfjyef&SifxajrmufcJhonf
3/ bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbufü udk,fawmf&Sdonf
4/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf udk,fawmf Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;onf/
a,½I\ taocHjcif;onf igwdkY tjypf\ jypf'Pfudk cHay;oGm;cJhonf/ (a[&Sm, 53/ rmuk 10;45/
2aum 5;21)/ a,½I\ jyef&SifxajrmufrIonf om;awmf jyKcJhonfh trIawmftm; crnf;awmf
vufcHawmfrIaMumif;
jyoum?
nSOf;yef;ESdyfpufcHjcif;ESifh
aoqkH;&mü
ajrmfvifhjcif;
ay;onf/
(tdrfaysmfaeolrsm;eufrS tOD;oD;)/ crnf;awmf\ vusfmawmfbufü a,½Itm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;ESifh
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;jcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh aumif;aom wdkufcdkufjcif; jyK&ef
owÅday;onf/
]]bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbuf}} ¤if;rSm vlom;uJhodkY wifpm;azmfjyrI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;
t&m/ / 1;18ü Munfhyg) bk&m;ocifü ½lyudk,fcE¨mr&Sdacs/ olonf ]]eH0dnmOf}} jzpf\/ þwifpm;rIonf
wefcdk;&Sdaom ae&mt&yf? tcGifhtmPmESifh tBuD;jrwfqkH;ae&mtm; ajymjyjcif; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf
þazmfjyrIudk rMucP rokH;acs/ ({zuf 1;30/ aum 3;1)/ aygvkonf ueOD; c&pf,mef,kHMunfrI wpfcktm;
ti,f 34 ü azmfjyjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf/ (zdvdyÜd 2;6/ 1wd 3;16)/
]]Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf}} a,½I\ trIawmfrSm qufvufaeqJ jzpfonf/ a,½Ionf 0dnmOfawmf
enf;wl (i,f 26-27) uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;aeonf/ (a[jAJ 4;4-16/ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 12;1)/
¤if;rSm OyZösm,fq&m paraclete qkdonfh a0g[m&jzpfjyD; a,m[ef 14;16 wGif 0dnmOfawmfü okH;um? 1a,m
2;1ü om;awmftjzpfokH;onf/ ¤if;onf 'ku©qif;&JcHol tapcH\ aw;oDcsif;tm; &nfnTef;rI
tjcm;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (a[m&Sm, 53;12)/
8;35 ]]c&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwÅm}} ¤if;rSm pdwfoEÅmefü &Sdaom t&m (SUBJECTIVE odkYr[kwf jrif&aomt&m
(OBJECTIVE) wpfckckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm (1) c&pfawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk cspfaom arwÅm odkYr[kwf (2)
,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfudk cspfaom arwÅmwpfckckjzpfEdkifonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü eHygwf 1ESifh ydkí
udkufnDygonf/ (2 aum 5;14)/ taMumif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm; c&pfawmf ay:xm;&Sdaom arwÅmrSm
oGm;vdkufjyefvdkufjzpfaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkY ay:c&pfawmf\ arwÅmrSm aocsmí wnfMunfonf/
þpum;pkü *&dvufa&;usrf;uJG wpfck&Sdonf/
1/ wpfckaom *&da&S;acwfü ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf}} [lí yg&Sdonf/ (MS Aleph)
2/ wpfckaom a&S;acwfvufa&;usrf;ü ESpfrsKd; aygif;pyfum ]]c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf}}
[k yg&Sdonf/ (MS \ B)
3/ UBS4 usrf;jyKolrsm;onf ]]c&pfawmf\ arwÅm}} udk ,lum "A" tqifh (aocsm) owfrSwfMuonf/
¤if;onf MSS \ C, D, F, D ESifh trsm;pk acwfa[mif; Latin, Vulgate ESifh Peshitta wdkYü yg&Sdonf/
266
]]'ku©qif;&J? aomua0'em? n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf þavmuü jyóem tcuftcJrsm;
awGU&vdrfhrnf jzpfaomfvnf; xdkjyóemcufcJrIrsm; (0g) qdk;oGrf;rI wefcdk;yg0grsm;onf olwdkYudk bk&m;ocifESifh
uJGuGmoGm;apEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 'ku©qif;&Jrsm; 5;3 ü Munfhyg/
8;36 ¤if;rSm qmvH 44;22rS azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þ qmvHusrf;ü bk&m;ocifudk 'Pf&m temw&cHpm;&aom
rdrdvlrsKd;tm; u,fvTwfrnfh ol[k ac:onf/
8;37
NASB
NRJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]odkYaomf þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf tBuD;tus,fatmifEdkifMu\/}}
]]odkYaomf þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydkí atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}}
]]xkdodkYr[kwf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydkí atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}}
]]xdkodkYr[kwf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf udk,fawmftm;jzifh t<uif;rJhatmifEdkifrI &&SdMu\/}}
]]¤if;wdkYrSm igwdkY atmifEdkifrI&&m ppfaMumrIrsm; jzpf\}}
¤if;rSm ]]atmifEdkifonf }} qdkaom a0g[m&tm; txl;wvnfjyKjcif;ykHpHwpfck jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&
(huper + nikao) udk aygvkwGif cJhjcif;jzpfayrnf/ ¤if;rSm thHMobG,f&m a&maESmwifpm;rI jzpfjyD; ]]atmifEdkifaom
odk;}} [lí jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS tqifh atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ (a,m 16;33/ 1a,m
2;13-14/ 4;4/ 5;4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm; aygvktokH;jyKykH 1;30 ü Munfhyg/
]]igwdkYudkcspfawmfrlolrSwqifh}} \ emrfpm;onf crnf;awmfbk&m; odkYr[kwfom;awmfudk &nfnTef;jcif;
jzpfEdkifonf/
8;38 ]]igoabmayguf\}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE
jzpfjyD;
oabmaygufapjcif;cHcJhjyD; jzpf&m qufvufí oabmaygufapjcif; cH&ayOD;rnf}} [k qdkvdkonf/
]]igonf
]]aumif;uifwrefrsm;}} *sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\ ,lqrIü aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf
pdwftm;BuD;um? vlom;rsm;udk *½kpdkufMuojzifh olwdkt
Y ay:&ef vdkMuonf[k qdkonf/ aemhpwpfac: vTJrSm;aom
q&morm;rsm;\ tvdkt& u,fwifjcif; [lonf &efvdkaom aumif;uifwrefrsm; avmu (0g) eons rsm;\
vQKdU0Sufpum;rsm;tm;jzifhom &Edkifaomt&mjzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/ (aumavmoJESifh {zuf Mo0g'pmrsm;)
aumif;uifwrefrsm; qdkonfhpum;vkH;twGuf aygvkokH;onfh a0g[m&rsm; taMumif;tusOf;csKyfrI wpfck
George Eldon Ladd \A Theology of the New Testament ü awGU&onf/
aygvkonf aumif;aom aumif;uifwref qdk;aomaumif;uifwref? pmwefESifh ewfqdk;rsm;udk
nTef;qdk½kHomru emrf0dnmOfjzpfaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;\ &mxl;tqifhtwef;rsm;udk yg&nfnTef;onfh tjcm;
pum;vkH; tkyfpkwpfckudkyg okH;avh&Sdonf/ tac:ta0grSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/
267
tkyfcsKyfonf (arche) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10
tkyfcsKyfolrsm; archai; RSV ]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;}} principalities {zuf 30;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/
a&mr 8;38
tmPmpuf (exousia) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10
tmPmydkifrsm; (exousiai; RSV, authorities) {zuf 3;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/
wefcdk; (dynamis) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/
wefcdk;&Sdolrsm; (dynameis) a&mr 8;38
&mZyv’ifrsm; (thronoi) aum 1;16
tpdk;&jcif; (kyriotes RSV, dominion tkyfpdk;jcif;) {zuf 1;21
tmPmpufrsm; (kyriotetes) aum 1;16
þarSmifrdkufavmuudk tpdk;w&jyKolrsm;? {zuf 6;12 aumif;uift&yfrsm;ü &Sdaom 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;? {zuf
6;12 arSmifrkduf\ wefcdk;tmPm? aum 1;13
rSnfhcJhorQ emrnf tm;vkH;? {zuf 1;21
aumif;uif? ajrBuD;ESifh atmuft&yf&SdowÅ0grsm;? zd 2;10 (p. 401 )
"r®a[mif;usrf;xJu usqif;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifh "r®opfusrf;uewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;\
qufpyfrItm; or®musrf;pmvm wdkuf&dkufazmfjyrI r&Sdacs/ ¤if;wdkYrSm twlwlyif jzpfonf[k trsm;tm;jzifh
rSwf,lxm;Muonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ aemifwGif jzpfysufrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;qdkif&m pmaywdkYü ewfqdk;wdkYrSm
aumif;uifwrefwydkif;? vlwydkif; jzpfaom urÇmOD; 6 ü azmfjyonfh ezdvdrf Nephilim ac: vlYbDbl;BuD;rsm;\
0dnmOfrsm;jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIuyfab;BuD;onf olwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mrsm;udk zsufqD;cJhojzifh
olwdkYonf udk,fcE¨mESifh aep&mt&yf &SmazGMuonf[k qdkonf ! ¤if;rSm pdwful;jzifh rSef;qrIrQom jzpfonf/
rlvtprsm;qdkif&m uRefawmfwdkY\ ar;cGef;tm;vkH; or®musrf;pmü tajzray;acs/ ¤if;\ MuH&G,fcsufrSm
vlom;tm; a&G;EIwfjcif;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? olwdkY\ od&SdpyfpkvdkrIrsm;twGuf r[kwfacs !
 ]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;.... tmPmwefcdk;rsm;}} ¤if;u &nfnTef;onfrSm (1) aumif;uifwrefrsm; (0g)
þuyfumv ewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm; ({zuf 2;2/ 6;12/ 1aum 15;24/ aum 1;16) odkY r[kwf (2)
usqif;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; bk&m;ocif tay:rSDcdkudk;pm;rI uif;vGwfoGm;aponfh? usqif;aom
þavmu\ udk,fcE¨mrJht&mrsm; jzpfaom (bmoma&;? tpdk;&rsm;? ynma&;? aq;0g;? azsmfajza&;vkyfief;rsm;...
pojzifh) jzpfEdkifygonf/ (Hendrickus Berkhoff, a&;om;onfh (Principalities and Powers) 13;1\ rSwfcsufü
Munfhyg/
268
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ARCHE
e,fy,f? ykdifeuf (domain) rSm *&da0g[m& arche jzpfjyD; t"dyÜg,frSm wpfpkHwpfck\ ]]tp}} odkYr[kwf
]]rlv}} jzpfonf/
1/ zefqif;jcif;\ tp (a,m 1;11/ 1a,m 1;1/ a[jAJ 1;10)
2/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ tp (rmuk 1;1/ zd 4;15/ 2ouf 2;13/ a[jAJ 2;3)
3/ yxrrsufjrif oufaorsm; (vkum 1;2)
4/ edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;\ tp (xl;qef;aom edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;? a,m 2;11)
5/ rlvtajccH w&m;rsm; w&m;Ek (a[jAJ 5;12)
6/ owif;aumif;or®mw&m;ay: tajcjyKonfh pdwfcs&rI\ tp (a[jAJ 3;14)
7/ tptOD;? aum 1;18/ Asm 3;14
¤if;udk ]]tkyfcsKyfonf}} (0g) ]]tcGifhtmPm^tmPmpuf}} tjzpf tokH;jyKvmcJhonf/
1/ tkyfcsKyfaom vlom;t&m&Sdrsm;/
(u) vkum 12;11
(c) vkum 20;20
(*) a&mr 13;3/ wdwk 3;1
2/ tmPmydkif aumif;uifwrefrsm;
(u) a&mr 8;38
(c) 1aum 15;24
(*) {zuf 1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12
(C) aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15
(i) ,k' 6
rSm;,Gif;ol þq&morm;wdkYonf avmuD? avmukwÅ&m tmPmydkifrsm;tm;vkH; txifao;Muonf/ olwdkYrSm
bmomt,l0g'udk qefYusifonfh pm&dwÅrJh0g'rsm; jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxuf? aumif;uifwrefrsm;?
vlrItmPmydkifrsm;ESifh toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;xuf olwdkYudk,folwdkY yxrt&mü xm;Muonf/
8;39 ]]tjrifhjzpfap? euf½Idif;aomt&mjzpfap}} þa0g[m&wdkYtm; vlom;wdkY\ b0wdkYudk xdef;csKyfol
bk&m;rsm;tjzpf ,kHMunfcJhMuonfh Mu,frsm;\ ta0;qkH;wnfae&mESifh teD;qkH;wnfae&mwdkYudk azmfjy&ef
tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ aemufydkif;wGif aemhpwpfac: rdpäm0g'D rsm; okH;aom eons ac: ynm&yfqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;
269
jzpfvmMuum? oefY&Sif;aom bk&m; (god) ESif hqdk;oGrf;aom t&mrsm; zefwD;olydkrdk wefcdk;enf;yg;aom bk&m;
(god) tMum; aumif;uifwreftqifhtwef;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfvmonf/
]]zefqif;onfhtjcm;t&m wpkHwck}} ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,ftppftrSefrSm tjcm;owÅ0gtrsKd;tpm; (heteros)
jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tjcm;wefcdk;BuD;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;udk &nfnTef;aMumif;pm tquftpyf oabmu
jyaeygonf/ *&d0dbwf heteros onf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom tjcm; trsKd;tpm; wpfckudk azmfjyum? allos onf
wlnDaom tjcm;rsKd;tpm; wpfckudk jyonf/ ¤if;pum;wdkYrSm Koine Greek (trsm;okH; *&dpum;) ü r&Sdaomfvnf;
þusrf;ydk'fü wpfrsKd;wzkHjzifh azmfjyyg&Sdaeonf/
]].... jzpfap .... bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh igwdkYudk ruGmapEdkif ....}} BuD;rm;vSaom pdwfcsrI ygwum;!
þtcef;BuD;onf rnfonfh jypf'PfpD&ifrIrS r&SdaMumif;ESifh tpjyKum? ruGmapEdkif[laom pum;ESifh
tqkH;owfxm;onf/ ,kHMunfol\ u,fwifjcif;udk rnfolurS rvk,lEdkifacs/ odkYaomf tpjyK wkHUjyefrIESifh
(3;21-31) qufvufwkHYjyefrI (tcef;BuD; 4-8) &S&d ayrnf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf aomhcsufjzpfaomfvnf;
trdefYawmftm;jzifh jyKonfh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m wkHUjyefrI [lí &Sdygonf/ emcHjcif;ESifh pJGjrJjcif;rsm; vdktyfonf
enf;wl aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif;wdkYvnf; vdt
k yfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/ 20;21) !
þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm;
rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom
tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf;
a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
þusrf;pm\
þtydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm;
Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/
1/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 7 rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿
2/ jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;r&Sdygu? ,kHMunfol\ toufwmü tjypfonf rnfodkY tusKd;oufa&mufoenf;¿
3/ ,kHMunfolrsm;xJ usdef;0yfonfrSm 0dnmOfawmf (0g) a,½Irnfolenf;¿ (i,f 9)
4/ vl\ tjypfonf obm0avmuudk rnfodkY xdcdkufcJhoenf;¿ (i,f 19-22)/ obm0 avmuonf
aumif;uifbkH\ tpdwftydkif;jzpfvmOD;rnfavm¿ (a[&Sm, 11;6-10)
5/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf rnfuJhodkY qkawmif;ay;oenf;¿ (i,f 26-27)/ ¤if;onf ]]tjcm;aom
bmomjzifh ajymjcif;}} udk nTef;qdkygovm;¿
6/ þuJhodkY qdk;oGrf;aom avmuwGif t&mcyfodrf;onf aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfonf[k or®musrf;pmü
tb,faMumifh ajymEdkif oenf;¿ (i,f 28)/ ]]aumif;}} [laom pum;vkH; (i,f 29) udk t"dyÜg,f
owfrSwfyg/
270
7/ ti,f 30&Sd "r®oabmw&m; uGif;qufxJü tb,faMumifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; rygoenf;¿
8/ ti,f 31-39 udk tb,faMumifh w&m;cGifjrifuGif;jzpfonf[k ajym&oenf;¿
9/ a,½ItaMumif; tcef;i,f 34ü azmfjyonf tcsufav;csufudk azmfjyyg/
271
a&mr 9
acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;
UBS4
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
bk&m;\a&G;
aumufjcif;
9;1-5
c&pfawmfudktpöa&;
wdkYjiif;y,fjcif;
9;1-5
tpöa&;\jiif;qef
rIESifhbk&m;\
&nf&G,fcsuf
9;6-13
tpöa&;\r,kHMunf
jcif;jyóem
9;1-5
tpöa&;ay:uwd
awmfrysufuGuf
bk&m;ESifh vlrsKd;
awmf
9;1-5
tpöa&;\tcGifhxl;rsm;
9;6-13
9;6-9
9;10-13
tpöa&;\jiif;qef
rIESifh bk&m;\
w&m;rQwrI
9;14-29
bk&m;\a&G;
cs,fydkifcGifh
9;6-13
9;14-18
trsufawmfESifh
*½kPmawmf
9;19-29
tpöa&;ESifh
tpöa&;\
{0Ha*vdw&m; vuf&Sdtjcae
9;30-10-10;4
9;14-18
9;14-18
trsufawmfESifh
*½kPmawmf
9;19-21
9;22-29
9;19-26
9;27-29
ppfrSefaomajzmifh
rwfrI,kHMunfrIjzifh&
9;30-104
272
tpöa&;ESifh
{0Ha*vdw&m;
9;30-10;4
9;1-5
bk&m;onfuwd
awmfapmihfxdef;
9;6-13
bk&m;onfr
ajzmifhrwfol
r[kwf
9;14-18
9;19-21
9;22-24
t&mcyfodrf;"r®
a[mif;ü BudKí
ajymcJhjyD/
9;25-29
9;30-33
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm
xi Munfhyg)
rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm; em;vnfjcif;
þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/
t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf
em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
tcef;BuD; 9-11 ESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY qufpyfykH
u/ þpmpkESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk em;vnfoabmaygufykH ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/
1/ þpmpk\ taMumif;t&mrSm vkH;0oD;jcm;jzpfjyD;? "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m Mum;n§yf xnfhoGif;rI
wpfckjzpfonf/
(u) 8;9 ESifh 9;1 wdkYonf tBuD;tus,fqefYusifbufjzpfum? ¤if;wdkYü qufpyfrIr&Sd/
(c) ¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; ordkif;0if
wif;rmrIESifh wdkuf&dkufqufpyfonf/ ¤if;rSm toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrIü wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\
u@ydkí BuD;xGm;vmjcif;ESifh qufpyfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
(*) tpöa&; (ESifh ynwfw&m;awmf) ESifh qdkifaom aygvk\ a[majymrIESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
twGuf ol\ wrefawmft&mwdkYaMumifh (tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfay;prf;awmfrljcif;) olYtay:
em;vnfrI vTJrSm;jcif;&Sdojzifh olonf þtaMumif;t&mudk þtydkif;ü aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfonf/
2/ ¤if;rSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk aygvkwifjy&mü txG#ftxdyfESifh wuúaA'enf;us ed*Hk;csKyf
jzpfonf/
(u) aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 8udk ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh ruGmapEdkif}} [laom uwdpum;ESifh
ed*kH;csKyfonf/ y#dnOfcH vlrsKd;awmftwGif; r,kHMunfolrsm; rnfodkY jzpfrnfenf;¿
(c) tpöa&;\ r,kHMunfrIESifh oufqdkifaom {0Ha*vdw&m;\ qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef or®mw&m;\
tajzudk a&mr 9-11 ü tajzay;onf/
273
(*) aygvkonf þtaMumif;udkyif þMo0gpmwpfavQmufvkH;ü ajymcJhjyD;? ajymaeqJvnf; jzpfonf/
(1;3? 16/ 3;21? 31 ESifh 4;1)
(C)bk&m;ocifonf rdrdEIwfuywfawmfay: opöm&SdaMumif; aygvkajymonf/ "r®a[mif;ü
tpöa&;twGuf bk&m;ocifajymonfh EIwfuywfawmfrSm rnfodkYenf;¿ tqdkyguwdawmf
tm;vkH;zsufjy,fí qdwfnOf;oGm;cJhjyDavm¿
c/ þpmpkudk trsKd;rsKd;tusOf;csKyfEdkifonf/
1/ jiif;qefol&Sdav[ef aygvk\ pma&;ykH (a0zefpmrsddK;jzifh)
(u) 9;6
(c) 9;14
(*) 9;19
(C) 9;30
(i) 11;1
(p) 11;11
2/ a&mr 9-11 rSm pmpkwpfckjzpfonf/ (tcef;MuD;? tcef;i,fjzifh ydkif;jcm;rIrSm 0dnmOfawmf
rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwf?
rl&if;pmrsm;ü
rygbJ?
aemufydkif;üom
xnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfonf/)
wpfckvkH;jcHKMunfhum teufjyef&efjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap tenf;qkH; t"dutaMumif;t&m tydkif;
okH;ydkif; &Sdygonf/
(u) 9;1-29 (bk&m;ocifrSm tcsKyftcsmNzpfaMumif;)
(c)9;30-10;21(vlom;\ wm0ef0wÅ&m;&SdykH)
(*)11;1-32 (bk&m;ocif\ tm;vkH;yg0ifaom xm0&a&G;EIwfNcif;tMuHawmf)
3/t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; jzifh avhvmjcif;/ / a&mrMo0g'pm\ þtydkif;twGuf aumif;rGefaom
tusOf;csKyf Thomas Nelson ykHESdyfwufrS xkwfaponf NKJV \ pmydk'fcJGrsm;ü awGU&onf/
(u) c&pfawmfudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;1-5
(c) bk&m;ocif &nf&G,fcsufudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;6-13
(*) bk&m;ocif\ w&m;rQwrIudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;14-29
(C) tpöa&;\ vuf&Sd tajctae/ 9;30-33
(i) tpöa&;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;/ 10;1-13
(p) {0Ha*vdw&m;udk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 10;14-21
(q) tpöa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf t<uif;rJhr[kwf/ 11;1-10
(Z) tpöa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf aemufqkH;r[kwfao;/ 11;11-36
274
*/
þtydkifonf ESvkH;om;xJrS idka<u;oHjzpfonfrQtrQ pdwfxJrS wifjyjcif;vnf; jzpfonf
(t"dutcsufrsm;udk wuúaA'enf;us azmfjyjcif;) ¤if;onf a[ma&Stem*wÅdusrf; 11;1-4/ 8-9enf;wl
ykefuefaom tpöa&; tay: bk&m;ocif\ pdwfESvkH;aMuuJGykHtm; owd&aponf/
tcef;BuD; 7 ü azmfjyonfh ynwfw&m;awmf\ a0'emESifh aumif;jrwfrIrsm;onf tcef;BuD; 9-10ESifh
wlnDrIrsm;pGm &Sdonf/ ESpfae&mpvkH;ü bk&m;ocifay;onfh ynwfawmfonf toufay;&rnfhtpm;
aojcif;w&m; ,laqmifvmrItay: aygvkESvkH;aMuuJGcJh&\/
C/ aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 9;11twGif; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS 25Budrf udk;um;azmfjyykHudk axmuf½Iygu
tod&cufaom (paradox) tpöa&;taMumif;tm; vwfwavm tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifhomr[kwfbJ?
tcef;BHuD; 4rSm enf;wl "r®a[mif;usrf;jzifh taxmuftxm;jyum? &Sif;vif;vdkaom aygvk\ qEúdk
jyoonf/ tmjA[H\ aoG;om;tquftEG,ftrsm;pkwdkYonf twdwfumvüyifvQif bk&m;ocifudk
jiif;qefcJhMuonf/ (wrefawmf&/ ae[rd 9)/
i/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;onf {zuf 1;3-14 enf;wl vlom;tm;vkH; a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ xm0&
tMuHawmfudk azmfjyonf/ ½kwfw&ufzwfvdkufonfhtcg bk&m;ocifonf vlyk*¾dKvftcsKdUa&G;cs,fum?
tjcm;olrsm;udkrl jiif;y,faMumif;a&;om;azmfjyonfpkESifh wlaomfvnf; (Supralapsarian Calvinism
tpGef;a&mufuJvfAift,l0g') uREkfyf\ tvdkt& ¤if;rSm vlwpfOD;csif;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ
a&G;EIwfjcif;ESifh qdkifí bk&m;ocif\ xm0&tMuHtpnfawmfudk pl;pkdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15/
12;3/ wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28 ESifh 13;29/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 8;28 ü Munhfyg/)
Joseph A. Fitzmyer ESifh Raymond E. Brown wdkYwnf;jzwfonfh The Jerome Biblical Commentary,
twJG 2ü ajymonfrSm
]]aygvk\ tjrifrSm tpueOD;u pí wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaMumif; oabmayguf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
olonf vlwpfOD;csif;\ wm0ef&Sd ykHudk aqG;aEG;aejcif;r[kwfacs/ aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ BudKwif
cefYxm;jcif;taMumif; azmfjyaeonfqdkygu ¤if;onf vlwpfOD;csif;tm; bkef;wefcdk;cHpm;ap&ef BudKwifcefY
xm;onf[k qdkjcif;ESifh rnfodkYrQroufqdkifacs/ (pm? 318)
tcef;BuD; 9 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/
u/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 9 tMum; pdwfaeoabmxm; tBuD;tus,fajymif;vJoGm;ykH
c/ tcef;BuD; (9-11) pmpkü yg0ifaom "r®oabmw&m;rSm
(1) u,fwifjcif;taMumif;tajccH
(2) a&G;aumufjcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsuf
(3) r,kHMunfaom tpöa&;\ opömrJhjcif; tjydKif- YHWH \ opöm&Sdjcif;
(4) a,½I\ a&G;EIwfjcif;ü vlom;tm;vkH; yg0ifykH
*/ tcef;BuD; 9 rSm bk&m;ocifonf tcsKyftcsmjzpfaMumif; "röopfusrf;ü tcdkifrmqkH; azmfjyaom
usrf;ydk'fwpfckjzpfonf/ (tjcm;usrf;ydk'fwpfckrSm {zuf 1;3-14)/ wpfzufürl tcef;BuD; 10 onf
vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom pdwfqE´taMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmESifh xyfcgwvJvJ azmfjyonf/ (]]vlwdkif;}} i,f
4/ ]]rnfolrqdk}} i,f 11? 13/ ]]tm;vkH;}} i,f 12 (ESpfcg)/ aygvkonf þ"r®oabmw&m;wif;rmrIudk
275
o[mZmwjzpfap&ef tm;xkwfjcif; rjyKcJhbl;acs/ ESpfrsKd;pvkH; ¤if;twdkif;? rSefuefonfμ
or®musrf;pmawmfvm Mo0g'trsm;pkwkdYudk qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mif (0g) jiif;qefol&Sdaeoa,mif
twJGrsm;jzifh wifqufonf/ "r®oabmw&m;enf; pepftrsm;pkwdkYrSm wuúaA'enf;us (Logical)
aomfvnf; usrf;ydk'f wpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKcsuf,lrI (proof-text) uomvQifor®musrf;enf;us
or®mw&m;\ tjcm;wzufaom rsufESmpmudk omvQif ,lonf/ Mo*pfwif0g'ESifh uJvfAif0g' –
tjydKif- yJvm*if0g'Dwpfydkif;ESifh tbmrDeD0g' (Augustinianism ESifh Calvinism versus Semi-Pelagianism–
and Arminianism) ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ü or®mw&m;ESifh rSm;,Gi;f aomw&m; a&maESmyg0ifonf/ tuGufcsxm;aom
teufjyefrIqdkif&m
BudKwift,ltqwpfckxJodkY
or®musrf;pmtm;
twif;wGef;ydkYaom?
usrf;ydk'fwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKrI? w,loef0g'? usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrIESifh "r®oabmw&m;enf;
pepfwdkYxuf Mo0g'qdkif&m wif;rmrIonf ydkí ESpfoufp&maumif;ygonfμ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
ta&SUwdkif;pmay – 3;27ü Munfhyg/
C/ 9;30-33onf tcef;BuD; 9tm; tusOf;csKHUjcif;ESifh tcef;BuD; 10\ OD;wnfcsuf jzpfonf/
i/ aygvkonf (rdrd\ usKd;aMumif;jy aqG;aEG;rItwGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; rnfodkY okH;aMumif; rSwfom;yg/
¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKU&Sd *sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wiful;rSef;qjcif;jzpfonf/
(1) i,f 7 – urÇm 21;12
(2) i,f 9 – urÇm 18;10? 14
(3) i,f 12 – urÇm 25;31
(4) i,f 13 – rmv 1;2-3
(5) i,f 15 – xGuf 33;19
(6) i,f 17 – xGuf 9;16
(7) i,f 25 – a[ma&S 2;23
(8) i,f 26 – a[ma&S 1;10
(9) i,f 27 – a[&Sm 10;22
(10) i,f 28 – a[&Sm 10;23
(11) i,f 29 – a[&Sm 1;9
(12) i,f 33 – a[&Sm 28;16 ESifh 8;14
tcef;BuD; 19 ESifh 11wdkYü tjcm;"r®a[mif;usrf; udk;um;rItrsm;tjym;&Sdaeygao;onfμ
276
pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI
1igonfrSom pum;rajymbJ? c&pfawmfü or®mw&m;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ ig\ rdrdudk,f
rdrdodaom pdwfonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfEiS fhtwl oufaocHonfrSm 2igonf tvGef0rf;enf;um?
rdrdpdwfESvkH;xJü rjywfrvyfemusnf;vsuf&Sd\/ 3taMumif;rSm ig\nDtpfudkrsm; aoG;om;Zmwdü ig\
trsKd;om;csif;rsm; tusKd;twGuf igudk,fwdkif c&pfawmfESifh uGmum? usdefqJjcif;cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif
cHvkdygonf/ 4olwdkYrSm om;rsm;t&mü csD;ajr§mufcHolrsm; bkef;wefcdk;awmf? y#dnOfw&m;rsm;ESifh
aomfvnf;aumif;? ynwfw&m;awmf? Adrmefawmfü trIawmfaqmif&u
G fjcif;rsm;ESifh uwdawmfrsm;
tyfay;jcif;wdkYESifhvnf;aumif; oufqdkifaom tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfMu\/ 5olwdkYonf bdk;ab;rsm;
jzpfMuum? aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf olwdkYrS qif;oufvm\/ xdkt&Sifonf t&mcyfodrf;
tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? xm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;&aom bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif/
NASB
9;1-2 ti,f 1 ESifh 2 onf *&dvdk 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ rdrdor®mw&m;ajymjcif; jzpfaMumif; olwdkY
(a&mrjrdKU toif;awmf) od&SdEdkif&eftaMumif;&if; trsKd;rsKd;jzifh azmfjyonf/
1/ olESifh c&pfawmf\ aygif;pnf;rI? i,f 1
2/ ol\ MowÅyÜpdwfü 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifrI i,f 1
3/ tpöa&;twGuf ol\ euf½dIif;aom cHpm;rI i,f 2
9;1 ]]igonfrSom pum;rajymbJ? c&pfawmfü or®mw&m;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\
rSefuefrItm; þykHpHjzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (2aum 11;10/ *v 1;20/ 1wd 2;7) odkYr[kwf bk&m;ocifudk rdrd\
oufaotjzpftvm;wl azmfavh&Sdonf/ (a&mr 1;9/ 2aum 1;23/ 11;31/ zd 1;8/ 1ouf 2;5? 10)/ olonf
rdrdoGefoifrIESifh a[majymrIrsm; ppfrSefykHudk twnfajym&mü ¤if;rSm olYenf;jzpfonf/ 'roufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:
tawGUtMuHKonf t&mcyfodrf;ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/
 ]]rdrdudk,frdrdodaompdwf}} ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifay;onfh 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifrItm;jzifh
udk,fusifhw&m; odwwfjcif; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf tcGifhtmPm\
aomhcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudk em;vnf
oabmaygufum? uRefawmfwdkY\ pdwfxüJ tokH;jyKvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ (1wd 1;5? 19) jyóemay:vmonfrSm
,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh r,kHMunfolrsm; ESpfrsKd;pvkH; EIwfuywfawmfESifh 0dnmOfawmfudk jiif;qifonfhtcgü jzpfonf/
xdkodkYjzpfvmonfhtcg rdrdtjypftm; tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifhí &Sif;vif;csufay;vmMuonf/ (1wd 4;2)
rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwf (vdyfjympdwf) onf ,Ofaus;rI"avhxkH;pHESifh tawGUtBuKHwdkYudk vkdufwwfygonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / rdrdudk,frdrdodaompdwf qdk;aumif;cJGjcm;wwfaompdwf MowÅyÜpdwf
aygvkonf aum&dEÅK Mo0g'rsm;ü ]]BowÅyÜpdwf}} [laom þa0g[m&rMumcPoHk;ygonf/ (1aum 4;4/
8;7? 10? 12/ 10;25? 27? 28/ 2aum 1;12/ 4;2/ 5;11)/ ¤if;rSm oifhawmfjcif;&Sdr&Sdtm; twGif;pdwfjzifh
odwwfjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (wref 23;1)/ rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk rdrdwdkY twdwfumv touf&SifykHrsm;?
277
rdrdwdkY\ nHhzsif;aom a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf tusKd;oufa&mufEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm
tjypftemuif;aom vrf;jyr[kwfaomfvnf;? wpfOD;csif;\ ,kHMunfjcif; e,fedrdwfudk qkH;jzwfay;onf/
xdkYaMumifh rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwf (vdyfjympdwf? twGif;pdwf) rSm rSm;,Gif;onfjzpfap? tm;enf;onfjzpfap ¤if;tm;
azgufzsufusL;vGefjcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;\ t"du usaom jyóemwpf&yfjzpfonf/
,kHMunfol\ MowÅyÜpdwfrSm bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ydkí
ydkí ykHoGif;cH&ef vdktyfonf/ (1wd 3;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf ,kHMunfolwdkYudk olwdkY&&Sdonfh tvif;w&m;ay:
(tm;enf;onfjzpfap? tm;aumif;onfjzpfap) pD&ifrnfjzpfaomfvnf;? tvif;w&m; ydkí &&Sd&efESifh
t&Sifa,½Ic&pfawmftm; oduRrf;rIü BuD;xGm;ae&ef or®musrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmftwGuf uRefawmfwdkY tm;vkH;
wHcg;zGifhxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ ydkrdkjynfhpkHaomrSwfcsufudk 2aum 10;25 \ ]]MowÅyÜpdwf}} ü Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]tm;enf;jcif;}} udk Munfhyg/

NASB, NKJV ]]oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfonf ightwGuf oufaocHonfrSm}}
NASV ]]¤if;udk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftwnfjyKonf}}
TEV ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf tkyfcsKyfonf}}
NJB ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifh aygif;pnf;í igrSefonf[k rSwf,lonf}}
rdrdü c&pfawmf\ txl;wvnfac:zdwfrIESifh trdefYawmf&Sdonf[k aygvk,kHMunfonf/ (wref 9;1-22/
*v 1;1)/
Mwd,m VERBAL (PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE, 2;15) rSm sun ygaom aygif;pyfpum;vkH;
jzpfonf/ (aygvkokH;aeusjzpfonf)/ olonf rdrd\ topfaom em;vnf;oabmaygufrIrSm atmufygwdkYudk
tajccHonf[k od&Sdxm;onf/
1/ c&pfawmf\ zGifhjyrI
(u) 'rmoufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:ü
(c) tma&AsEdkifiHü oGefoifrI (Nabetean)
2/ 0dnmOfawmf\ twGif;oufao
olonf wrefawmf wpfyg;jzpfum bk&m;ay;aom tcGifhtmPmjzifh pum;ajymonf/ (1aum 7;25? 40)/
olonf tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;\ r,kHMunfrIESifh bk&m;ocif\ pdwfemrIudk rQa0cHpm;onf/ (i,f 2)/ olwdkYonf
tcGifhaumif;rsm;pGm &&Sdxm;Mu\/ (i,f 4-5)
278
9;3
NASB, NKJV
]]cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
TEV ]]olwdkYtusKd;twGuf cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif
NJB ]]ig...qE´&Sdayvdrfhrnf}}
aygvkonf rdrdvlrsKd; tpöa&;twGuf jyif;jypGm cHpm;um? rdrdcJGxkwfcHjcif;tm;jzifh olwdkY yg0ifvm Muí
&cJhrnfqdkvQif? cJGxkwfcHvdkonf/ i,f 3/ þ 0gusonf o'´gzJGUpnfykHt& txl;jyKrI jyif;xefykHrSm (IMPERFECT
MIDDLE INDICATIVE ESifhtwl autos ESifh ego ESpfckpvkH;tjyif PRESENT INFINITIVE vnf;yg0ifonf)
jyif;xefí pdwfav;vSaom þqkawmif;csufonf xGuf 32;30-35 ü tjypfjynfhaom tpöa&;twGuf arma&S\
Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;aom qkawmif;csufESifh rsm;pGm wlonf/ ¤if;rSm tjzpfrSefr[kwfbJ? pdwfqE´
azmfjyrIwpfcktjzpf taumif;qkH;em;vnf&ygonf/ ¤if;rSm *v 4;20 ü okH;onfh IMPERFECT TENSE
tokH;tEIef;ESifh qifwlonf/
NRSV
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;
I.
ed'gef;
u/ qkawmif;jcif; ta&;BuD;ykH a,½I\ Oyrmjzifh od&onf/
(1) rdrdtwGuf qkawmif;jcif;? rmuk 1;35/ vkum 3;21/ 6;12/ 9;29/ 22;29-46/
(2) Adrmefawmf&Sifvif;jcif;/ róJ 21;13/ rmuk 11;17/ vkum 19;46/
(3) qkawmif;jcif; erlem/ róJ 6;5-13/ vkum 11;24/
c/ yk*¾dKvfjzpfaom? *½kpdkufí uRefawmfwdkYESifhtwl &Sdaeol? rdrdESifh tjcm;olrsm;bufü aeum? uRefawmfwdkY\
qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh vkyfaqmifvdkí vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;&Sdol bk&m;ociftm;? rdrd,kHMunfjcif;onf
qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh xdawGUí &aom vkyfaqmifrIjzpfoGm;aponf/
*/ rdrduav;rsm;\ qkawmif;csufrsm;tm;jzifh vkyfaqmif&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,f rdrduefYowfrI jyK&m
u@rsm;pGm &Sdonf/ (,mukyf 4;2)
C/ qkawmif;jcif;\ t"du &nf&G,fcsufrSm okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;ESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh tcsdef,ljcif;
jzpfonf/
i/ qkawmif;jcif;\ jrifuGif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh qdkifaom wpkHw&m (0g) wpfpkHwpfa,muf jzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf ,kHMunfvsufwpfcg qkawmif;Edkifonf/ odkYr[kwf tawG;ESifh pdk;&drfrI
jyefay:vmjcif;ESifh tnD xyfcgwvJvJ qkawmif;Edkifonf/
p/ qkawmif;jcif;ü taMumif;t&m tcsKdUyg0ifEdkifonf/
(1) okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;tm; csD;rGrf;í &dkaoav;jrwfjcif;
(2) bk&m;ociftwl&Sdaejcif;? rdwfo[m, jyKjcif;ESifh rpyhHydk;jcif;rsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifjcif;
(3) twdwfESifh vuf&Sd rdrdwdkY tjypfrsm;tm; 0efcH awmif;yefjcif;/
279
(4) rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfrIrsm;ESifh pdwfqE´rsm;tm; awmif;avQmufjcif;
(5) tjcm;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;tm; crnf;awmf a&SUarSmufü Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif;/
q/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;onf vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m wpfckjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY qkawmif;ay;aom
olrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwdkY cspfonf xufrsm;pGm ydkcspfonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfwdkY\
qkawmif;rIrsm;onf tajymif;tvJwpf&yf? wkHUjyefrI (0g) vdktyfrIwpfcktm; rdrdwdkYü omru olwdkYüyg
jzpfyGg;apavh&Sd\/
II.
or®musrf;pmawmfvm qkawmif;rIrsm;
u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
1/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;\ OyrmtcsKdU
(u) aom'kHjrdKUtwGuf tmjA[H\ awmif;avQmufrI? urÇm 118;22
(c) tpöa&;twGufarma&S\qkawmif;rI
(1) xGufajrmuf&m 5;22-23
(2) xGufajrmuf&m 32;31
(3) w&m;a[m&m 5;5
(4) w&m;a[m&m 9;18? 25
(*) tpöa&;twGuf&SmarGv\qkawmif;csuf
(1) 1"r®&mZ0if 7;5-6? 8-9
(2) 1"r®&mZ0if 12;16-23
(3) 1"r®&mZ0if 15;11
(C) olYuav;twGuf'g0dwf\qkawmif;csuf? 2"r®&mZ0if 12;16-18
2/ bk&m;ocifonfMum;0ifqkawmif;rnfholrsm;udk&SmazGaeonf/ a[&S, 59;16
3/ od&Sdxm;NyD;? 0efcHawmif;yefjcif;rjyKaomtjypfrsm; (0g) aemifwr&aom pdwfaeoabmxm;onf
uRefawmfwdkY\qkawmif;csufrsm;udk xdckdufonf/
(u) qmvH 66;18
(c) okwÅH 28;9
(*) a[&Sm, 59;1-2? 64;7
c/ "r®opfusrf;
1/ om;awmfESifh0dnmOfawmf\Mum;0ifqkawmif;jcif;trIawmf
(u) a,½I
(1) a&mr 8;34
280
(2) a[NAJ 7;25
(3) 1 a,m 2;1
(c) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf? a&mr 8;26-27
2/ aygvk\Mum;0ifqkawmif;jcif;trIawmf
(u) *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf qkawmif;onf
(1) a&mr 9;1
(2) a&mr 10;1
(c) toif;awmfrsm;twGufqkawmif;onf
(1) a&mr 1;9
(2) {zuf 1;16
(3) zdvdyÜd 1;3-4? 9
(4) aum 1;3? 9
(5) 1 ouf 1;2-3
(6) 2 ouf 1;11
(7) 2 wdarmao 1;3
(8) zdavrkef i,f4
(*) olYtwGufqkawmif;ay;&ef toif;awmfrsm;udk aygvkarwÅm&yfcHonf/
(1) a&mr 15;30
(2) 2aum&dEÅK1;11
(3) {zuf 6;19
(4) aumavmoJ 4;3
(5) 1oufomavmed 5;25
(6) 2oufomavmed 3;1
3/ toif;awmf\Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; trIawmf
(u) tcsif;csif;twGufqkawmif;ay;Muavmh
(1) {zuf 6;18
(2) 1wdarmao 2;1
(3) ,mukyf 5;16
(c) txl;tkyfpkrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&ef arwÅm&yfcHjcif;
(1) igwdkY\&efolrsm;twGuf? róJ 5;44
281
(2) c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;twGuf? a[NAJ 13;18
(3) tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf? 1wdarmao 2;2
(4) zsm;emolrsm;twGuf? ,mukyf 5;13-16
(5) jyefíaemufqkwfoGm;olrsm;twGuf? 1a,m 5;16
III. qkawmif;csuftajz&&efvdktyfcsufrsm;
u/ c&pfawmfESifh0dnmOfawmfwdkYESifh rdrd\ qufqHa&;
(1) udk,fawmftxJwnfvsufaeyg/ a,m[ef 15;7
(2) emrawmfxJ wnfaeyg/ a,m 14;13? 14/ 15;16/ 16;23-24/
(3) 0dnmOfawmftxJwnfaeyg/ {zuf 6;18? ,k' 20
(4) bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfESifhtnD qkawmif;yg/ roJ 6;10/ 1a,m 3;22/ 5;14-15/
c/ pdwfaepdwfxm;rsm;
(1) pdwfysHUvTifhjcif;r&SdbJ? róJ 21;22/ ,mukyf 1;6-7
(2) ESdrfhcsjcif;ESifhaemifwjzifh? vkum 18;9-14
(3) vTJrSm;aomawmif;avQmufjcif;? ,mukyf 4;3
(4) wudk,faumif;qefjcif;? ,mukyf 4;2-3
*/ tjcm;rsufESmpmrsm;
(1) pGJjrJpGm^ZGJ&SdpGm
(u) vkum 18;1-8
(c) aumavmoJ 4;2
(2) qufvufqkawmif;jcif;
(u) róJ 7;7-8
(c) vkum 11;5-13
(*) ,mukyf 1;5
(3) tdrfawmifa&;ü rnDrnGwfrI? 1ayw½k 3;7
(4) odorQtjypfESifhuif;&Sif;&ef
(u) qmvH 66;18
(c) okwÅH 28;9
(*) a[&Sm, 59;1-2
(C) a[&Sm, 64;7
282
IV.
"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&med*Hk;csKyf
u/ tcGifhxl;jzpfonf/ tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ wm0efESifh 0wÅ&m;jzpfonf/
c/ a,½IonfigwdkY\ yHkoufaojzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrSm igwdkY\vrf;jyjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf
pdwfapmpGm apmifharQmfaeonf/
*/ 4if;onf oifhtm;? oifhrdom;pktm;? oifhrdwfaqGrsm;ESifh oif\urÇmBuD;tm; ajymif;vJoGm;apEdkifonf/

c&pfawmfESifhuGmum? usdefqjJ cif;cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
NKJV ]]c&pfawmf\usdefqJjcif;cHí&cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
NRSV ]]c&pfawmfESifhtqufjywfcHí? usdefqJcHí&cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
TEV ]]bk&m;ocif\ usdefqJrIatmufü&Sdum? c&pfawmfESifhuGmí &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}
NJB ]]jypf'PfpD&ifcHum? c&pfawmfESifhtqufjzwfjcif;cHvdkonf}}
]]oefY&Sif;}} [laom pum;vHk;\ rlvZpfjrpfrSm bk&m;ociftoHk;jyK&efoD;oefYcGJxm;onf[líjzpf\/
þt,ltqonf ]]usdefqJ}} (1aum 12;3/ 16;22/ *v 1;8-9) a0g[m&ESifhqufpyfonf/ wpfpHkwpf&m (0g)
wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ociftwGufoD;oefYcGJjcif;cH&onf/ 4if;onf usrf;pum;tquftpyfay:
rlwnfum tjyKoabm jzpfEdkifonfenf;wl (0wf 27;28/ vkum 21;5) tzsufoabmvnf; aqmifEdkifonf/
(a,m½I 6-7/ a&mr 9;3)
NASB
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / usdefqJjcif; (ANATHEMA)
]]usdefqJjcif;}} pum;vkH;twGuf a[jAJpum;vkH;tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ Herem (BDB 356) udk
bk&m;ociftwGuf ay;aom wpfpkHwpf&mtwGuf okH;um (LXX \0wf? 27;28 onf anathema uJhodkY
jzpfonf/ (BA 6D 54) zsufpD;&ef jzpfavh&Sdonf/ (w&m; 7;26/ a,m½I 6;17-18/ 17;12) ¤if;udk ]]oefY&Sif;
jrifhjrwfaom ppfyJG}} – holy war oabmtjzpf okH;onf/ cgeefvlrsKdd;rsm;ESifh a,a&acgjrdKUudk zsufpD;&ef
bk&m;ocif ajymonfrSm yxrqkH;aom tcGifhaumif;jzpfonfh ]]tOD;oD;rsm;}} jzpfonf/
"r®opfusrf;ü anathema jzpfjyD; ¤if;a0g[m&ESifh qufpyfaom ykHpHrsm;udk t"dyÜg,f trsKd;rsKd;jzifh
okH;onf/
1/ vufaqmifwpfck (0g) bk&m;ociftwGuf ylaZmfuúm (vkum 21;5)
2/ ao&efusdefqdkjcif; (wref 23;14)
3/ tusdefwdkufí usdefqdkjcif; (rmuk 14;71)
4/ a,½IESifh qufpyfaom usdefjcif;ykHpHwpfck (1aum 12;3)
5/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; (0g) zsufpD;jcif;cH&ef wpfpkHwpfa,muf (0g) wpfpkHwpf&mtm;
tyfESHjcif; (a&mr 9;3/ 1aum 16;22/ *v 1;8-9)/
]]aoG;om;Zmwdü ig\ trsKd;om;csif;rsm;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 1;3ü Munfhyg/
283
9;4-5 þemrfpum;pkrsm;onf tpöa&;&&Sdxm;aom tcGifhxl;rsm;udk odomay:vGifpGm &Sif;vif;oGm;aponf/
þwyef;omrIrsm;onf olwdkY\ r,kHMunfrIudk ydkí tjypfqdkp&mjzpfoGm;aponf/ rsm;rsm;ay;jcif; cH&olxHrS
rsm;rsm;jyef awmif;vdrfhrnf/ (vkum 12;48)μ
9;4 ]]tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;}} ¤if;rSm tmjA[mH\ tquftEG,ftwGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ y#dnOfcHemrnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifESifh t"duusaom rsufESmcsif;qdkifawGUqkHrIwpf&yftjyD;ü ,mukyf\ emrnfrSm tpöa&;tjzpf
ajymif;vJapjcif;cH&onf/ (urÇm 32;28)/ ¤if;rSm *sL;trsKd;om; tm;vkH;jcHKaom bJGUemrwpfckjzpfvmonf/
¤if;a0g[m&\ yif&if;rSm ]] El (bk&m;ocif) onf ZJGvkHUv&dSygap}} [lí jzpfEdkifjyD; ,mukyf\ aumufuspfrItm;
qdkvdkjcif;r[kwf&yg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tpöa&;
I.
xdkemrnf\ t"dyÜg,frSm raocsmacs/ (BDB 975)
u/ El onfZJGvkHUv&Sd\
c/ El onf ZJGvkHUv&Sdygap (JUSSIVE)
*/ El onf vkHjcHKpGm odrf;qnf;\
C/ El onf tcdkiftrm jydKifqdkifygap
i/ El onf BudK;ukwftm;xkwfonf
p/ bk&m;ocifESifh NydKifqdkifol (urÇm 32; 28)
II. "r®a[mif;xJu
tokH;tEIef;rsm;
u/ ,mukyf\ emrnf (vk,lol? zaESmifhqkyfudkifol? BDB, urÇm 25;26) onf ,Akwfacsmif;ü
eH0dnmOfwpfyg;ESifh eyrf;vkH;NyD;aemuf ajymif;vJoGm;onf/ (urÇm 32;22-32/ xGuf 32;13)/
rMumcPqdkovdkyif a[NAJemrnf t"dyÜg,frsm;rSm ZpfjrpfoabmrqefbJ jyZmwfqefqef jzpfonf/
(32;28)/ odkYjzifh olYemrnfrSm tpöa&;jzpfí vmcJhawmhonf/ (urÇm 35;10)
c/ ¤if;udk olYom; wq,fhESpfa,mufwdkYtwGuf wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; emrnftjzpf tokH;jyKvmonf/
(urÇm 32;32/ 49;16/ xGuf 1;7/ 4;22/ 28;11/ w&m; 3;18/ 10;6)
*/ ¤if;onf xGufajrmuf&musrf;rwdkifrD aemufydkif;wGif (w&m; 1;1/ 18;6/ 33;10) trsKd;
wpfq,fhESpfEG,fwdkY yg0ifaom vlrsKd;tm; &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfvmonf/ (urÇm 47;27/ xGuf 4;22/ 5;2)
C/ a&Smvk? 'g0d'fESifh a&Smvrkefbk&ifwdkY\ wpkwpnf;wnf; tkyfpdk;rI aemufydkif;wGif a&maAmifvufxufü
trsKd;tEG,frsm; uJGxGufoGm;cJhMuonf/ (3 "r® 12)
1/ woD;wjcm;jzpfrIonf w&m;0if ruJGxGufrDuyif tpjyKcJhjyD jzpfonf/ (2 "r® 3;10/ 5;5/ 20;1/
24/ 3 "r® 1;35/ 4;20)
2/ t½I&dvlrsKd;rsm; vufatmufodkY &Srm&drusrDtxd ajrmufydkif;rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (4 "r®
17)/
284
i/ ae&m tenf;i,fü ,k'udk okH;onf/ (a[&Sm 1;1/ rdu©m 1;15-16)
p/ tm½l&dESifh AmAkvkef uRef;cHjcif; umvaemufydkif;ü ,mukyf\ tquftEG,ftm;vkH;wpfpk
wpfaygif;wnf;\ emrnfjyefjzpfvmonf/ (a[&Sm 17;7? 9/ a,& 2;4/ 50;17? 19)/
q/ omrefvlxktm; ,ZJyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh uJGjym;jcm;em;apaom emrnftjzpf okH;onf/ (1 &m 9;2/ {Z&
10;25/ ae[rd 11;3)

]]om;rsm;t&mü
csD;ajr§mufcHolrsm;}}
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü
trsm;jyudef;
]]om;rsm;}}
[lonf
aumif;uifwrefrsm;udk &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ (a,mb 1;6/ 2;1/ 38;7/ 'H 3;25/ qmvH 29;1/ 89;6-7)
odkYaomf tenf;jyudef; ]]om;}} url
1/ tpöa&;vlrsKd; bk&ifudk nTef;onf (2"r® 7;14)
2/ vlrsKd;awmfudk nTef;onf (xGuf 4;22?23/ w&m; 14;1/ a[ma&S 11;1)
3/ ar&Sd,t&Sif (qmvH 2;7)
4/ vlom;rsm;udkvnf; nTef;Edkifonf/ (w&m; 32;5/ qmvH 73;15/ a,Z 2;1/ a[ma&S 1;10/ urÇm 6;2
rSm roJuJGacs/ tjcm;wpfckck jzpfEdkifonf/) "r®opfusrf;ürl ]]om;}} [laom tqdkyg a0g[m&onf
bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pk0if wpfa,mufa,mufudk &nfnTef;onf/
u,fwifjcif;twGuf aygvkokH;onfh t"du wifpm;csufrSm ]]om;t&mü csD;jr§ifhjcif; (arG;pm;jcif;) jzpfNyD;
(a&mr 8;15? 23/ *v 4;5/ {zuf 1;5) ayw½kESifh a,m[efwdkYurl topfarG;zGm;jcif; 'kwd,arG;jcif;
pum;vkH;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyMuonf/ xdkESpfrskd;pvkH;rSm vlodrsm;aom wifpm;jcif; pum;vkH;rsm; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm
*sL;rsm;\ wifpm;jcif; ykHpHr[kwfbJ? a&mrykHpHjzpfonf/ a&mr Oya'ü arG;pm;jcif;rSm tvGefaps;BuD;um?
umvMum&SnfpGm qufvufaqmif&Guf&aom w&m;Oya'qdkif&m vkyfxkH;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ wpfcg arG;pm;jcif;cH
&olyk*¾dKvfonf vlopftjzpf rSwf,ljcif; cHum? w&m;Oya't& pGefYvTwfjcif;rjyK&acs/ odkYr[kwf arG;pm;ol
zcifonfyif owfypfjcif;rjyK&acs/
]]bkef;wefcdk;awmf}} a[NAJpum;vkH;\ yif&if;rSm ]]av;vHonf}} [lí jzpfNyD;? wefbkd;BuD;t&mtm;
wifpm;jcif; jzpfonf/ þae&mürl þpum;vkH; &nfnTef;onfrSm
1/ odemawmifay:ürdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrl olbk&m;ocif (xGuf 19;18-19)
2/ oJuEÅm&twGif; tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm; vSnfhvnfoGm;vmcJhMupOf OD;aqmifaom bkef;awmf wdrfwdkifjzpfonfh
Shekinah (xGuf 40;34-38)? rdrdudk,f rdrdtpöa&;tm; twktEIdif;uif;pGm zGifhjyawmfrlol YHWH \
&Sdaejcif;udk ol\ bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifh jyqdkonf (3 "r® 8;10-11/ a,Z 1;28)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 3;23 ü Munfhyg/
]]y#dnOfw&m;rsm;}} *&da&S;a[mif; vufa&;usrf;rsm; jzpfonfh P46, B, F ESifh G wdkYü tenf;jyudef;jzifh
]]y#dnmOfw&m;}} [kyg&Sdonf/ odkYaomf trsm;jyudef;onf MSS Aleph, C, ESifh tcsKdUaom a&S;a[mif; vufwif
Vulgate ESifh Coptic bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü &Sdonf/ UBS4 onftrsm;jyudef;udk "B" (aocsmoavmuf) tqifh
owfrSwfonf/ odkYaomf "r®a[mif;usrf;ü trsm;jyudef;jzifh rokH;cJhbl;acs/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü y#dnOfw&m;rsm;
twdtus&Sd&m tm'H? aem{? tmjA[H? arma&S ESifh 'g0d'f wdkYESifh bk&m;ocifjyKaom y#dnOfw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/
285
ynwfw&m;awmf ay;tyfjcif;udkrl aygvkonf aemufrSom azmfjyykHudk axmufvQif tmjA[HESifh jyKaom
y#dnOfw&m;udk &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonf ¤if;udk tajccH tkwfjrpftjzpf ½Ijrifum (4;1-25/ *v
3;16-17) tBudrfaygif;tawmf rsm;rsm;azmfjyNyD; (urÇm 12? 15?17) tBudrfwdkif;wGif bkd;ab;rsm;teuf
wpfOD;pDudk cJGí azmfjyonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / y#dnOfw&m;
"r®a[mif; a0g[m& berith (BDB 136) rS qif;oufaom y#dnOfw&m; pum;vkH;rSm t"dyÜg,f
owfrSwf&ef rvG,fulacs/ ¤if;ESifh wJGbufBud,m a[NAJpum;vkH; r&Sdacs/ þpum;vkH;\ Zpfjrpfudk t"dyÜg,f
&Sif;vif;&eftm;xkwfrI tm;vkH; &Sif;vif;jcif;r&Sdonf csnf;jzpf\/ rnfodkY jzpfapwpfckaocsmonfrSm xdkpum;vkH;
rnfodkY tvkyfvkyfaMumif; qkH;jzwfEdkifa&;twGuf xdkpum;vkH;okH;EIef;ykHudk avhvm&ef jzpfonf[k ynm&Sifrsm;
em;vnfxm;Muonf/
y#dnOfw&m;rSm ppfrSefNyD;? wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;onfh vlom;tm;
qufqHykHenf;vrf;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmawmfvmzGifhjyawmfrIjcif;udk em;vnfoabmayguf&efrSm y#dnOfw&m;?
oabmwlpmcsKyf (0g) oabmwlnDrI pum;vkH;wdkY\ oabmw&m;rSm ta&;BuD;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm
tmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfrIwdkYtMum; wif;rmrIudk y#dnOf oabmw&m;ü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/
tcsKdUy#dnOfrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif\ oabmESifh vkyfaqmifrI oufoufay: tajcjyKonf/
1/ zefqif;jcif; (urÇmOD; 1;2)
2/ tmjA[Htm; ac:zdwfjcif; (urÇmOD; 12)
3/ tmjA[HESifh y#dnOf jyKjcif; (urÇmOD; 15)
4/ aem{tm;vkHNcHKpGm xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh uwdawmf (urÇmOD; 6;-9)
rnfodkYjzpfap y#dnOfjyKjcif;\ oabmobm0rSm wkHUjyefrI vdktyfonfomjzpf\/
1/ tm'Honf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk emcHum? {'ifO,smOf tv,f&Sdopfyifudk rpm;&ef jzpfonf/
2/ tmjA[Honf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh rdrd\ rdom;pkudk pGefYcGgum? bk&m;ocifudk vkdufvsuf? ol\ tem*wf
tquftEG,frsm; taMumif;ü ,kHMunfrI&Sd&ef vdktyfonf
3/ aem{onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh BuD;rm;aom avSBuD;wpfpD;tm; a&ESifh a0;&mt&yfü wnfaqmufum?
wd&pämefrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef jzpfonf
4/ arma&Sonf tpöa&;vlrsKd;udk tD*spfEdkifiHrS odemawmifodkY ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh ac:xkwfum? uwdawmfrsm;ESifh
usdefqJjcif;rsm; ygaom bmoma&;ESifh vlrIa&;b0twGuf wdusaom vrf;nTef;rIrsm; vu©&&Sdonf/
(w&m;a[m 27-28)
bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; qufqHa&; yg0ifonfh tvm;wlwif;rsmrIrsKd; ]]y#dnOfw&m;topf}} ü
azmfjyyg&Sdonf/ a,Zausv 18udk a,Z 36;27-37 (YHWH \vkyfaqmifrI) ESifh EIdif;,SOfavhvmygu
þwif;rmrIudk &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ þy#dnOfw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ay:
tajcjyKaejcif;avm
(0g)
vlom;tm;
wkHUjyefrIjyK&ef
trdefYawmf
csrSwfjcif;avm¿
¤if;rSm
y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh topfü tvGefta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mjzpfonf/ ESpfckpvkH;\ yef;wdkifrsm;rSm
twlwlyifjzpfNyD; (1) YHWH onf urÇmOD; 3 u ½ªH;qkH;cJh&aom rdwfo[m,udk jyefvnf&&Sd&efESifh (2)
bk&m;ocif\ oabmudk xif[yfaprnfh ajzmifhrwfaom vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; xlaxmif&ef jzpfonf/
286
a,Z 31;31-34 &Sd topfaom y#dnOfw&m;onf vufoifhcHrI&&Sd&ef enf;vrf;tjzpf vlom;\
aqmif&GufrItm; z,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh tqdkyg wif;rmrIudk ajz&Sif;vdkufonf/ bk&m;ocif\ ynwfawmfrSm
vl\ jyifyw&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'tpm; vl\txJrS qEáwmifhwrI wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf/ yef;wkdifjzpfonfh
bk&m;w&m;&dkaoav;pm;aom?
ajzmifhrwfaom
vlrsKd;[lonf
,ciftwdkif;yif
jzpfaomfvnf;?
enf;pepfajymif;vJoGm;onf/ usqif;aom vlom;onf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; xif[yfapoljzpf
vm&ef oifhavsmfvkHavmufrIr&SdaMumif; olYudk,fol twnfjyKcJhayNyD/ bk&m;ocif\ y#dnOfw&m;ü jyóem&Sdí
r[kwfbJ? vlom;\ tjypfjynfhrIESifhtm;enf;rIrSm jyóemjzpfonf/ (a&mr 7/ *v wd 3)/
"r®a[mif;\ cRif;csufrJhESifh cRif;csufyg y#dnOfw&m;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrIonf "r®opfusrf;ü
qufvuf&Sdaeonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf a,½Ic&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom tvkyfü vkH;0tcrJhjzpfaomvnf;?
aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif; (tpjyKjcif;ESifh qufuyfoGm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;) awmif;qdkonf/ ¤if;rSm w&m;Oya't&
trdefYausnmrIESifh c&pfawmfESifh wlnD&ef ac:zdwfrI ESpfrsKd;pvkH;jzpfonf/ vufoifhcHaMumif; tjzpfrSeftm;
azmfjyrIESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,f&ef apcdkif;rIjzpfonfμ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm olwdkY\ vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh
u,fwifjcif;&&Sdonfr[kwfaomfvnf; emcH&ef u,fwifcH&jcif;jzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-10)/ bk&m;w&m;ESifh
nDaom touf&Sifjcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\ taxmuftxm;jzpfNyD;? u,fwifjcif;&&ef enf;vrf;r[kwfacs/
rnfodkYjzpfap xm0& toufü jrifEkdifaom Muiftifvu©Pmrsm;&Sdonfμ þwif;rmrIudk a[NAJMo0g'pmü
&Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/
]]ynwfw&m;awmfESifh Adrmefawmfü trIaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; tyfay;jcif;}} ¤if;\ &nfnTef;csufrSm
1/ odemawmifay:wGif arma&Su ynwfw&m;awmf vu©&&Sdjcif; (xGuf 19-10)
2/ oJuEÅm&xJ vSnfhvnfoGm;vmpOf umv&Sd wJawmf (xGuf 25-40 ESifh 0wfjyK&musrf;) wdkYjzpfonf/
]]uwdawmfrsm;}} bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ tem*wfpDrHcsufrsm; zGifhjycJhNyDjzpfonf/ (1;2/ wref 13;32/ wdwk
1;2/ a[NAJ 1;1)/
y#dnOfw&m;rsm;udk apmapmuyif azmfjycJhNyD; jzpfojzifh ]]uwdawmfrsm;}} [k qdk&mü ar&Sd,udk
&nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ 9i,f 5/ Oyrm urÇm 3;15/ 49;10/ w&m; 1;8;15? 18-19/ 2"r® 7/ qmvH
16;10/ 118;22/ a[&Sm, 7;14/ 9;6/ 11;1-5/ 'H 7;13? 27/ rdu©m5;2-5/ Zm 2;6-13/ 6;12-13/ 9;9/
11;12)/
þuwdawmfrsm;rSm (y#dnOfw&m;rsm;) cRif;csufrJhjzpfonfenf;wl? cRif;csufygvnf; jzpfMuonf/
bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrItydkif;ESifh qdkifí cRif;csufrJhjzpfonf rSefaomfvnf; (urÇm 15;12-21) vlom;\
,kHMunfrIESihf emcHrItydkif;vnf; vkdtyfonf jzpfí cRif;csufESifhvnf; jzpfaeao;onf/ (urÇm 15;6 ESifh a&mr
4)/ c&pfawmf r<uvmrDumvü tpöa&;uom bk&m;ocif\ rdrdudk,frdrdzGihfjyawmfrljcif; &&SdcJhonf/ (a,mbESifh
a,oa&m wdkYuJhodkYaom cRif;csufrsm;&Sdygonf)
9;5 ]]bdk;ab;rsm;}} ¤if;onf tmjA[H? u£ZufESifh ,mukyf? urÇmOD; 12-50 twGif;&Sd trsKd;\ ueOD;
zcifrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (a&mr 11;28/ w&m 7;8/ 10;15)/
287
]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmfonfvnf; olwdkYrS qif;oufvmonf}} ¤if;onfar&Sd,t&Sif\ cE¨mudk,f
rsKd;&dk;udk ajymonf/ (1;3/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ar&Sd,t&Sif – 1;4 ü Munfhyg)/ olonf bdodufcH&ol?
bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;ESifh pDrHcsufrsm;udk (10;6) NyD;pD;aprnfh bk&m;ocif txl;a&G;cs,faom tapcH
jzpfonf/
]]c&pfawmf}} [laom a0g[m&rSm a[NAJ bmompum; ]]bdodufcH,l&&Sdol}} Anoited One tm; *&dvdk
bmomjyefjcif; jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü oefY&Sif;aom qDjzifh avmif;um (cefYxm;aom) acgif;aqmif
okH;rsKd;&dSonf/
1/ tpöa&;&Sifbk&if
2/ tpöa&;\ ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;
3/ tpöa&;\ ya&mzufrsm;
xdkodkY jyKjcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ trIawmftwGuf olwdkYudk a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh wefqmyvmwyfqif
(t&nftcsif;ay;jcif;) ay;jcif;\ trSwftom;jzpfonf/ a,½Ionf bdodufcHaom þ½kH;awmfokH;yg;pvkH;NyD;
jynfhpkHoGm;apcJh\ (a[NAJ 1;2-3)/ olonf vljzpfvm (vl0ifpm;ol) bk&m;jzpfaomaMumifh? olonf
bk&m;ociftm; tjynfht0zGifhjcif; jzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 7;14/ 9;6/ rdu©m 5;2-5/ aum 1;13-20)/
txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} ü Munfhyg/

]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmf? t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? aumif;csD;r*Fvm xm0&cHpm;&aom
bk&m;ocif}}
NKJV ]]c&pfawmf <uvmonf t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? xm0&umvywfvkH; aumif;csD;r*FvmcHpm;&ol?
bk&m;ocif}}
NRSV ]]ar&Sd,t&Sif<uvmonf/ t&mcyfodrf; tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? aumif;csD;r*Fvm xm0&cHpm;&aom
bk&m;ocif}}
TEV
]]c&pfawmfonf vlom;wpfa,muftaejzifh olwdkY\ trsKd;jzpfawmfrl\/ t&mcyfodrf; tkyfpdk;awmfrlol
bk&m;ocifonf? tNrJxm0&csD;rGrf;jcif;cH&ygapaom}}
NJB
]]aumif;csD;r*Fvmxm0& cHpm;&ol bk&m;ocif? t&mcyfodrf;xuf BuD;jrwfawmfrlol c&pfawmf<uvm}}
o'´genf;t& ¤if;onf crnf;awmfudk csD;rGrf;aom bkefawmfbJGUjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; (TEV onf
*sL;tpOftvmvdkufonf) usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabmonf a,½IrSm bk&m;jzpfaMumif; aygvk\
twnfjyKcsufudk ydkí rsufESmomay;onf (aygvkonf LXX ü yg&Sdonfhtwdkif; YHWH \bkef;awmfbJGUjzpfaom
*sL;ykHpHrvdkufacs/ J. Mwoy, 11, pp. 245-248 ü Munfhyg/) aygvkonf a,½I pum;vkH;ü Theos udk
rMumcProkH;aomfvnf; wpfcgwpfavokH;ygonf/ (wref 20;28/ 2ouf 1;12/ wdwk 2;13/ zd 2;6)/
ueOD;toif;awmf zcifrsm;tm;vkH;onf þusrf;ydk'fudk a,½Itm;&nfnTef;csuftjzpf teufjyefMuonf/ Bruce
Metzger, "A Textual Commentary On the Greek New Testament, pp. 520-522, ü ajymonfrSm oabmuJGvTJrIonf
pmtjzwftawmuf oauFwrsm;csjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf[k qdkonf/ a&S;a[mif;vufa&; rlusrf;wdkYü
pmvkH;MuD;rsm;jzifh a&;om;&mwGif
1/ pmvkH;BuD;pmvkH;i,fr&Sd
2/ pmtjzwftawmuf oauFwr&Sd
NASB
288
3/ pmydk'fcJGjcif;r&Sd
4/ pmvkH;wpfckESifh wpfcktMum; uGufvyfae&myifcsefrxm;acs/
]]t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrIol}} ¤if;onfvnf; crnf;awmf bk&m; (0g) om;awmfa,½ItaMumif;a&;om;
azmfjy&mpum;pk jzpfEkdifonf/ ¤if;onf róJ 28;19 u a,½I\ azmfjycsufESifh aum 1;15-20u aygvk\
azmfjycsufwdkYudk xif[yfaponf/ cef;em;x,f0gvSaom þpum;pkonf emZ&ufjrdKUom;a,½Itm;
jiif;y,fcJhMujcif;\ rdkufrJrIrnfrQ qkd;0g;ykHjyoonf/
]]tNrJxm0&}} ¤if;rSm *&dtD'D,HtokH;tEIef;jzpfonfh ]]uyfumvrsm;}} unto ages jzpfonf/ (vkum 1;33/
a&mr 1;25/ 11;35/ *v 1;5/ 1wd 1;17)/ ¤if;rSm tvm;wl qufpyfonfh pum;pk tcsKdUteufwpfckjzpfonf/
(1) ]]uyfumv}} unto the age (róJ 21;19 (rmuk 11;14) vkum 1;55/ a,m 6;5? 58/ 8;35/ 12;34/ 13;8/
14;16/ 2aum 9;9) odkYr[kwf (2) ]]urÇmtqufquf}} of the age of the ages uyf umvrsm;\ uyfumv
(uyfumv
tqufquf)
({zuf
3;21)/
"Forever"
tNrJxm0&[laom
tokH;tEIef;ESifh
uJGjym;jcm;em;jcif;&Sd[efrwlacs/ a0g[m& "ages" uyfumvrsm; uyurÇmrsm;onf wifpm;rI oabmjzifh
trsm;jyudef;jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm cef;em;x,f0grIudk azmfjy&mü *sL;&dAÁd q&mBuD;rsm; okH;onfh
o'´gzJGUpnf;ykHwpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf ]]tjypfuif;apaom uyfumv age of innocence, ]]qdkd;qGrf;aom
uyfumv age of wickedness " vmvwhHaom uyfumv age to come, odkYr[kwf ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif; uyfumv}}
(age of righteousness) ponfh t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ ]]uyfumvrsm;}}- ages t,ltqudk &nfnTef;jcif;
jzpfEdkifonf/
]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m – 1;25 ü Munfhyg/
NASB
6
odkYaomf ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf ysufuGuf&m ra&mufacs/ taMumif;rSm tpöa&;rS
qif;oufoltm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs/ 7tmjA[H\ tquftEG,fwdkif; tmjA[H\ uav;rsm;r[kwfacs/
odkYaomf ]]u£Zuftm;jzifh oif\ tquftEG,frsm;[k rSnfhac:vdrfhrnf/}} 8¤if;rSm aoG;om;Zmwduav;wdkYonf
bk&m;ocif\ uav;rsm;r[kwfbJ? uwdawmf\ uav;rsm;udkom tquftEG,frsm;tjzpf rSwf,ljcif;jzpfonf/
9
taMumif;rSm ]]þtcsdefü ig<uvmum? pm&monf om;wpfa,mufxGef;um;vdrfhrnf}} qdkonfrmS
10
uwdpum;awmfjzpf\/
þt&müom
r[kwfa&Auúüvnf;
olonf
igwdkY\
tbjzpfaom
11
a,musfm;wpfa,muftm;jzifh
tjrTmudk,f0efaqmifcJhpOfu
tjrTmwdkYonf
rarG;zGm;&ao;?
taumif;tqdk;wpfpkHwpf&m rjyKrDuyif? bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifhqdkifaom tBuHtpnfawmfonf
tusifhrsm;aMumifhrwnfbJ? ac:awmfrIolaMumifhomwnfapjcif;iSg 12olrtm; ]]om;BuD;onf om;i,ftm;
tapcHvdrfhrnf[k ajym\/ 13¤if;rSm ]],mukyfudk igcspfaomfvnf;? {aomudk igrkef;\}} [k
usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD jzpfonf/
9;6 ]]bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf}} þusrf;ydk'fü þpum;pkonf "r®a[mif;\ y#dnOfw&m;vm
uwdawmfrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;rSm aocsmonf/ (awmfvnf 23;19/ a,m½I
21;45/ 23;14/ 4 "r® 10;10/ a[&Sm 40;8/ 55;11/ 59;21)/
289

NASB, NRSV
TEV, NJB ]]ysufuGufcJhonf}}
]]t&mra&mufjzpfcJh&NyD}}
þa0g[m& (ekpiptŌ) udk Septuagint (LXX) ü tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;okH;um wpfpkHwpf&m (a[&Sm
6;13) wpfpkHwpfa,muf (a[&Sm 14;12) usonfudk qdkvdk\/ þae&mü PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
jzpfNyD; Mum&SnfcHaomtusKd;oufa&mufrI jzpfaejcif; (odkYaomf ¤if;udk y,fzsufxm;onf) tajctaeudk jyonf/
bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmftm; pdwfcsaocsm &rIudk txufyg rSwfpkü Munfhyg/
NRJV
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
]]taMumif;rSmtpöa&;rS qifoufol tm;vkH;tpöa&; r[kwfacs}}
]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&;jzpfoltm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs/}}
]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&;tm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs/}}
]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&; vlrsKd;tm;vkH; bk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;r[kwfacs}}
]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&;rS qif;oufoltm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs}}
qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mif þazmfjyrIonf ]]tpöa&;}} a0g[m&\ or®musrf;pmawmfvm t"dyÜg,fudk
wpfywfaemufjyefvnfhypfvdkufonf/
1/ ,mukyf\ tquftEG,frsmudk qdkvdkaom tpöa&; (urÇm 32;22-32)
2/ bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufaom vlrsKd;udk qdkvdkaom tpöa&; (TEV)
3/ toif;awmfudk qdkvdkaom tpöa&;jzpfonfh 0dnmOfa&;&m tpöa&; (*v 6;16/ 1ay 2;8? 9/ Asm 1;6) –
tNydKif – yuwd tpöa&; (i,f 3-6)/
tmjA[H\ uav;rsm;teuf wpfcsKdUuomvQif uwdawmfESifh qdkifaom uav;rsm; jzpfonf/ (i,f 7)/
*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;yif olwdkY\ rsKd;EG,fudk tajcjyKí (i,f 7) bk&m;ocifESifh rSefjcif;r[kwfcJhMubJ? olwdkY\
,kHMunfjcif;udk tajcjyKonf/ (2;28-29/ 4;1/ a,m 8;31-59/ *v 3;7-9/ 4;23) bk&m;ocif\
uwdawmfrsm;udk cHpm;um? ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ¤if;wdkYtm;vdkufavQmufcJhMu olrsm;rSm (9;27/ 11;5)
,kHMunfolt<uif;tusefrsm;om jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 9;27-28 ü Munfhyg/)
tcef;i,f 6 onf rSef;qxm;aom jiif;qefrI tcsKdUESifh tpjyKonf/ (9;14/ 19? 30/ 11;1) ¤if;onf
aygvk\ a0zefpmykHpH qufvufjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm jiif;qefolwpfa,muf&Sdav[ef rsKd;jzifh or®mw&m;udk
ajymjyjcif; jzpfonf/ (rmv 1;2? 6?7 ESpfcg 12?13/ 2;14? 17 ESpfcg? 3;7? 13?14)/
9;7 þti,f\ yxrydkif;wpf0ufrSm urÇmOD; 21;12rS jzpfonf/ tmjA[H\ uav;tm;vkH;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\
y#dnOfw&m;uwdawmfESifh rqdkifMuacs/ (urÇm 12;1-3/ 15;1-11/17;1-21/ 18;1-15/ *v 4;23)/ ¤if;onf
ti,f 8-9u u£&SarvESifh ti,f 10-11u ,mukyfESifh {aomwdkY\ uJGjym;jcm;emrIrsm;udk jyonf/
290
9;8 þae&mü aygvkonf vlrsKd;a&; tquftEG,frsm;udk &nfnTef;&ef ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} [laom a0g[m&
okH;onf/ (1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5/ txl;taMumif;t&m – 1;3 ü Munfhyg)/ olonf tmjA[H\ obm0uav;rsm;
(9;3 u *sL;rsm;) ESifh tmjA[mH\ (uwdawmfESifh qdkifaom uav;rsm;) 0dnmOfuav;rsm; (bk&m;ocif\ uwd
ar&Sd,tm; ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh udk;pm;Murnfh olrsm; 2;28-29) udk EdIif;,SOfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf usqif;aom
vlom;tm; a&G;EIwfcHvlom;tm;EIdif;,smOfjyonf 8;4-11 ESifh rwlacs/
9;9 ¤if;rSm urÇmOD; 18;10? 12tm; udk;um;rI wpfckjzpfonf/ uwdxm;&muav; (]]trsKd;tEG,f}}) onf
bk&m;ocif\ tpjyKrIjzifh pm&mrS arG;zGm;vmvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;onf aemufqkH;wGif; ar&Sd,t&SifzGm;jrifjcif; tm;jzifh
NyD;qkH;oGm;vdrfhrnf/ u£Zufonf vGefcJhaom wpfq,fhokH;ESpfwmumvü urÇm 12;1-3wGif tmjA[Hudk
ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf txl;jynfhpkHvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
9;10 tmjA[H u£ZufESifh ,mukyfwdkY\ ZeD;rsm; jrHKcJhMuonf/ olwdkYudk,f0efraqmifEdkifcJhMuacs/
uav;&&efolwdkY rpGrf;EdkifjzpfMu&jcif;rSm ar&Sd,\ rsKd;EG,fESifh qdkifaom rdrd\ y#dnOfw&m; uwdawmfrsm;udk
rdrd xdef;csKyfaeaMumif; bk&m;ocifjyojcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
tjcm;enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;rSm ar&Sd,\ rsKd;EG,fonf bkd;ab;rsm;\ om;BuD;rsm;tm;jzifh qif;oufjcif;
r&SdcJhbl;acs/ (¤if;rSm "avhxkH;pHt& ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf)/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ (i,f 11-12)/
9;11-12/ ti,f 11-12rSm *&dvdk 0guswpfckwnf; jzpfonf/ þtcsufudk urÇm 25;19-34 rS
,ljcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSm (i,f 16) (1) vlom;rsKd;EG,frvdkuf (2) vlom;\ xdkufwefrI
odkYr[kwf pGrf;aqmifEkdifrI (i,f 16) rvdkufaMumif; oufaojy&ef þ Oyrmudk okH;onf/ ¤if;rSm
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ topfaom ,EÅ&m;? topfaom y#dnOfjzpfonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;2236)/ rnfodkY jzpfap bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSm tjcm;olrsm;udk z,fxkwf&ef r[kwfbJ? yg0ifap&ef jzpfonfμ
ar&Sd,onf vufa&G;pifrsKd;&dk;wpfckrS <uvmrnfjzpfaomfvnf; olonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf <uvmvdrfhrnf/
(,kHMunfjcif;udk usifhokH;oltm;vkH;/ 2;28-29/ 4;3? 22-25/ tcef;BuD; 10)/
9;11 ]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} ¤if;rSm pro taygif; tithemi yg0ifaom aygif;pyfa0g[m&wpfrsKd;jzpfum t"dyÜg,f
trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/
1/ a&mr 3;25 ü
(u) trsm;jynfoljrifomatmifjyKonf
(c) tjypfajz&m vufaqmif (ylaZmfouúm)
2/ wiful;í pDrHonf
(u) aygvk? a&mr 1;13
(c) bk&m;ocif? {zuf 1;9
291
¤if;\ emrfykHpH (prothesis) udk þae&mü ]]a&SUü xm;onf}} [laom t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onf/
1/ AdrmefawmfxJu a&SUawmfrHkUESifh qdkifí okH;onf/ róJ 12;4/ rmuk 2;26/ vkum 6;4/
2/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;EIwfjcif; &nf&G,fcsufjzpfaom BudKwifqkH;jzwfjcif;ESifh qdkifí okH;onf/ a&mr 8;28/
9;11/ {zuf 1;5? 11/ 3;1-/ 2wd 1;9/ 3;10
aygvkonf 0dbwf pro (a&SUü)ESifh wJGí aygif;pyf a0g[m& tawmfrsm;rsm;udk a&mr 8?9?10ESifh {zuf
Mo0g'pm wdkYü okH;onf/ (¤if;pum;vkH;wdkYonf bk&m;ocifpDrHxm;aom vkyfaqmifrIudk jyonf)
1/ proginŌskŌ (BudKí odonf) a&mr 8;29
2/ proorizŌ (tcsdefrwdkifrD ykHpHcsonf) a&mr 8;29 ({zuf 1;5? 11) 30 ({zuf 1;9)/
3/ prothesis (BudKwifqkH;jzwfaom &nf&G,fcsuf) a&mr 9;11
4/ proetoimazŌ (tcsdefrwdkifrD tpjyK) a&m 9;23
5/ prolego (,cifuajymcJhonf) a&mr 9;29
6/ proelpizŌ (tcsdefrwdkifrD arQmfvifhcJhonf) {zuf 1;12
9;12 ¤if;rSm {aomESifh ,mukyfwdkY taMumif; urÇm 25;23 ü &Sdaom tem*wÅdpum;udk ukd;um;jcif; jzpfonf/
a&AuúESifh ,mukyfwdkYonf aumif;BuD;ESifh qdkifí £Zuftm;vSnfhpm;cJh&mü olwdkY\ yk*¾dKvfa&; tusKd;twGuf
r[kwfbJ? tem*wÅdpum;awmfvmtwdkif; jyKrIcJhMujcif;jzpfaMumif; þusrf;ydk'ftm;jzifh jyoonf/
9;13 ]]odkYaomf {aomudk igrkef;onf}} ¤if;rSm rmvcd 1;2-3rS udk;um;csufjzpfonf/ ]]rkef;onf}} – hate
qdkonfrSm EdIif;,smOf&mü okH;aom a[NAJ pum;vHk;wGJ okH;EIef;ykH wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf jyif;xefaeoa,mif
xif&aomfvnf; urÇm 29;31-33/ w&m; 21;15/ róJ 10;37-38/ vkum 14;26 ESifh a,m 12;25 wdkYESifh
EdIif;,smOf avhvmMunfhyg/ vlom;uJhodkY ajymaom a0g[m&rsm;jzpfonf ]]cspfonf}} ESifh ]]rkef;onf]] wdkYrSm
þvlwpfOD;csif;wdkY tay: bk&m;ocif\ pdwfcHpm;rIESifh rqdkifbJ? ar&Sd,ESifh qdkifaom rsKd;EG,fESifh uwdawmf
tay: bk&m;ocif\ tmrcHcsufESifh qdkifonf/ ,mukyfonf urÇmOD; 25;23 u tem*wÅdpum;ay:
tajcjyKonfh uwdawmfom; jzpfonf/ {aomurl rmvcd 1;2-3 t& {'kHvlrsKd;udk nTef;onf/ ({aom\
tquftEG,f)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om; azmfjyjcif;/
(ANTHROPOMOPHIC LANGUAGE)
I. þyHkpHpum;toHk;tEIef;onf
"r®a[mif;usrf;ütvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ (OyrmtcsKdYrSm)
u/ cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm;
1/ rsufpd – u? 1;4? 31/ 6;8/ xGuf 33;17/ awm ? 14;14/ w&m;? 11;12/ Zm? 4;10
2/ vuf – xGuf 15;17/ awm 11;13/ w&m; 2;15/
292
3/ vufarmif; - xGuf 6;6/ 15;16/ awm 11;23/ w7m; 4;34/ 5;15/
4/ em;&Guf – awm 11;18/ 1"r® 8;21/ 4"r® 19;16/ qm 5;1/ 10;17/ 18;6/
5/ rsufESm – xGuf 32;30/ 33;11/ awm 6;25/ w&m; 34;10/ qm 114;7/
6/ vufacsmif;rsm; - xGuf 8;19/ 31;18/ w&m; 9;10/ qm 8;3/
7/ toH – urÇm 3;8-10/ xGuf 15;26/ 19;19/ w&m; 26;17/ 27;10/
8/ ajcaxmuf – xGuf 24;10/ a,Z 43;7/
9/ vlom;oP²mef – xGuf 24;9-10/ qm 48/ a[&Sm 6;1/ a,Z 1;26/
10/ xm0&bk&m;\aumif;uifwref – u 16;7-13/ 22;11-15/ 31;11? 13/ 48;15-16/ xGuf 3;4?
13-21/ 14;19/ w&m;ol 2;1/ 6;22-23/ 13;2-22/
c/ cE¨mudk,fjyKrlvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;
1/ zefqif;jcif; puf,EÅ&m;tjzpfpum;ajymjcif; - u 1;3? 6? 9? 11? 14? 20? 24? 26/
2/ {'ifO,smOfüvrf;avQmufjcif; (toH) – u 3;8/ 18;33/ [A 3;15/
3/ aem{\oabFmwHcg;ydwfjcif; - u 7;16
4/ rD;½IdUaom,Zfaumifrsm; teYHudk &SLjcif; - u 8;21/ 0wf 26;31/ tmrk 5;21
5/ qif;vmjcif; - u 11;5/ 18;21/ xGuf 3;8? 19;11? 18? 20
6/ arma&Sudk oN*ØK[fjcif; - w&m; 34;6
*/ vlom;\pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (Oyrm tcsdKU)
1/ aemifw& - u 6;6?7/ xGuf 32;14/ w&m;ol 2;18/ 1"r® 15;29? 35/ tmrkwf 7;3? 6/
2/ pdwfqdk; - xGuf 4;14/ 15;7/ awm 11;10/ 12;9/ 22;22/ 25;3? 4/ 32;10? 13? 14/ w&m; 6;5/
7;4/ 29;20
3/ o0efwdk (tjypf&Sdonf[k xifvG,f) – xGuf 20;5/ 34;14/ w&m; 4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/ 32;16? 21/
a,m½I 24;19/
4/ &GH&Sm – 0wf 20;23/ 26;30/ w&m; 32;19
C/ rdom;pka0g[m&rsm; (OyrmtcsdKY)
1/ zcif
(u) tpöa&;rsm;ESifhqdkifí – xGuf 4;22/ w&m; 14;1/ 39;5/
(c) &Sifbk&ifESifhqdkifí – 2"r®7;11-16/ qm 2;7/
293
(*) zcifuJhodkYjyKrloltjzpfwifpm;rIrsm; - w&m; 1;31/ 8;5/ 32;1/ qm 57;10/ ok 3;12/ a, 3;4?
22/ 31;20/ a[m 11;1-4/ rmv 11;1-4
2/ rdbrsm; - a[m 11;1-4
3/ rdcif – qm 27;10 (EdkYxdef;onfuJhodkY)? a[&Sm 49;15/ 66;9-13
4/ i,fcspfOD; -a[m 1-3
þyHkpHbmompum;oHk;&jcif;taMumif;&if;rsm;
u/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,frdrdvlom;rsm;tm; zGifhjy&ef xdkyHkpHvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf emrf0dnmOfjzpfí
rjrif&ojzifh bk&m;ociftm;vlom;tjzpf a&;om;azmfjyum a,mufsm;tjzpf ,lqjcif;rSm tvGefysYHESYHonf/
c/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;b0\t"dyÜg,ft&SdqHk; jrifuGurf sm;udk,lum usqif;aomvlom;tm; rdrdudk,frdrd
azmfxkwfjyo&ef toHk;jyKonf/ (zcif? rdcif? rdb? cspfjrwfEdk;ol)
*/ ½kyfcE¨myHkpHtrsdK;rsKd;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrduefhowf xkwjf y&ef vdktyfrI&Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyK&ef qE´r&Sdacs/ (xG 20/
w&m; 5)
C/ bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyjcif;\ txG#ftxdyfrSm a,½Itjzpfvl0ifpm;jcif;jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf ½kyfcE¨mwdkYxdí&aomol jzpfvmcJhonf/ (1a,m 1;1-3)/ bk&m;ocif\owif;pum;onf
bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf jzpfvmonf/ (a,m 1;1-18)/
II.
odkYjzpfvQif rnfodkY ajym&rnfenf;¿ bk&m;ocifü w&m;rQwrIr&Sdíavmh¿ rnfonfhtcgürQ xdkodkY
15
rjzpf&μ taMumif;rSm olonf ara&Stm; ig*½kPmvufudk oludk *½kPmoufum? oem;Muifemvdkaom oludk
oem; Muifemrnf}} [k qdkonf/ 16xdkaMumifh ¤if;onf tvdk&Sdol (0g) ajy;aom olay:tajcrjyKbJ?
bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfay:rlwnfjcif; jzpfonf/ 17or®musrf;pmajymonfrSm zg½dktm; ]]ig\ wefcdk;awmfudk
oifü vufawGUjyoum? ig\ emrawmf urÇmajrwpfavQmufü a<u;aMumfjcif; jzpfap&efwnf; [laom
þ&nf&G,fcsufjzifh oifhudk igcsD;ajr§mufonf}} [k qdk\/ 18xdkaMumifh olonf rdrd *½kPmudk oludk *½kPm
oufum? rdrdpdwfrmapvdk oludk pdwfrmaponf/
NASB
14
9;14 ]]odkYjzpfvQif rnfodkY ajym&rnfenf;}} aygvkonf þa0zefpmykHpHrsdK; rMumcPokH;onf/ (3;5/ 4;1/ 6;1/
7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14? 19? 30)
]]bk&m;ocifü w&m;rQwrIr&Sdíavm}} o'´goabmt& tajz ]]r]] udk arQmfvifhonf/ bk&m;ocif\
tcsKyftcsm tmPmtm;jzifh qkH;jzwfonf qdkvQif bk&m;ocifonf tb,faMumifh vlom;ü wm0ef&Sdonf[k
qdk&oenf;¿ (i,f 19)/ ¤if;rSm a&G;aumufjcif;\ vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&mjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü t"du
txl;jyK&m aomhcsufrSm vlom; (ykefuefol vlom;) ESifh qdkifí bk&m;ocifonf rdrdqE´twdkif;jyKEdkifcGifh &Sdonf
rSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmudk wefcdk;awmfjzifh tpdrf;vdkufazmfjyjcif; rjyKbJ
*½kPmawmftm;jzifh azmfjyonf (i,f 15 \ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/)
294
aemufxyfazmfjy&ef tcsufwpfcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmjzifh a&G;cs,frIonf tem*wfü
jyKrnfh vlom;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;tm; BudKwifod&Sdxm;rIay: tajcrjyKaMumif; jzpfonf/
þodkYjzpfcJhrnfqdkygu vlwpfOD;csif;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf tqkH;ü bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIrsm;twGuf tajccHjzpfvmayrnf/ (i,f 16/ 1ay 1;2)/ ajzmifhrwfolrsm; BuD;yGg;atmifjrifjcif; qdkif&m
*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\ tpOftvm ½IjrifykHrSm ¤if;twdkif; jzpfonf/ (w&m; 27-28/ a,mbESifh qmvH 73)/ odkYaomf
bk&m;ocifonf rxdkufrwefaom olrsm;udk ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh (vkyfaqmifrI tm;jzifh r[kwf 5;8)
aumif;csD;ay;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;od&Sdxm;aomfvnf; rdrda&G;cs,frIudk (1)
u½kPmawmftm;jzifh (2) uwdawmftm;jzifh uefYowfjcif;jyKonf/ vlm;\ wkHUjyefrIvdktyfonf rSefaomfvnf;?
bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,fum? a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;tm; b0toufwmajymif;vJjcif;onf vdkufygvmí
twnfjyKonf/
]]xdkodkYrnfonfhtcgürQ
rjzpf&}} &Sm;yg;aom OPATIVE FORM
jzpfNyD;? aygvkonf rdrd\
jiif;qefpm[efrsm;ü jiif;qefolonf vkH;0jiif;y,fvdkufjcif;tm; tav;teufjyK&ef rMumcPokH;onf/ (3;4?
6?31/ 6;2? 15/ 7;7? 13/ 11;1? 11ESifh 1aum 6;15/ *v 2;17/ 3;21/ 6;14)/ ¤if;rSm a[jAJ pum;vHk;wJG
toHk;tEIef; wpfckvnf; jzpfEkdifonf/
9;15 ¤if;rSm xGuf 33;19rS udk;um;jcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a&G;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m rdrd\
&nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&ef vGwfvyfrI&Sdonf/ arma&SyifvQif bk&m;ocif\ aumif;csD;rcHxdkufcJhacs/
(xGuf 33;20)/ olonf vlowform;wpfa,muf jzpfonf/ (xGuf 2;11-15)/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIrSm *½kPmawmftm;jzifh jzpfonf/ (i,f 16? 18-23/ 11;30?31?32)/
9;15-16 ]]*½kPm}} þ*&dpum; (eleos i,f 15?16?23/ 11;30?31?32) udk Septuagint (LXX) ü a[NAJ
txl;pum;vkH; hesed udk bmomjyef&ef okH;jcif;jzpfí t"dyÜg,frSm ]]wnfNrJaom? y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m opöm&SdrI}}
[lí jzpfonf/ ("r®opfusrf; a&;om;olrsm;onf a[NAJvdk awG;NyD;? *&daeYpOfokH;pum;jzifh a&;om;Mujcif;
jzpfaMumif; owd&yg/) bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfEiS fh a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;onf trsm;udef;?
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaMumif; tm; u£Zuf\ tquftEG,frsm;tm;vkH; jzpfonfh *sL;rsm;udk
a&G;cs,faomfvnf;? £&Sarv\ tquftEG,frsm;tm;vkH;jzpfonfh tm&yfvlrsKd;rsm;udk rIra&G;cs,fjcif;?
tpöa&;vlrsKd;jzpfonfh ,mukyf\ tquftEG,frsm;udk a&G;cs,faomfvnf; {aom\ tquftEG,frsm; jzpfonfh
{'kHwpfrsKd;vkH;tm; a&G;cs,fjcif;rjyKrIü awGU&onf/ odkYaomf ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwpfyg;
trsKd;om;rsm;udkrl (i,f 24) wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf a&G;cs,fonf/ ¤if;rSm BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;
a&G;aumufjcif; (wpfurÇmvkH; tm;a&G;EIwfjcif;) taMumif;\ vQKdU0SufeufeJrIudk zGihfaomaomh jzpfonf/
tcef;BuD; 9-11yg taMumif;t&m\ tjcm;aomhwpfckrSm ajymif;vJjcif; r&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\
Muiftifvu©Pmjzpfonfh - *½kPmawmfjzpfNyD; (9;15?16?18?23/ 11;30? 31?32) vlom;\
vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfacs/ a&G;cs,frIrS wpfqifhjzpfaom *½kPmawmfudk aemufqkH;wGif c&pfawmfudk
,kHMunfoltm;vkH; &&SdcHpm;Muayrnf/ xdkt&Sifonf tm;vkH;twGuf ,kHMunfjcif; wHcg;zGifh ay;oljzpfonf/
(5;18-19)/
295
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / cspfoem;awmfrljcif;
(HESED)
þa0g[m&ü pum;vkH; t"dyÜg,fajymif;vJrIqdkif&m us,fjyefYaom e,fy,f&Sdonf/ BDB onf ¤if;udk
þuJhodkY ay:vGifxif&Sm;aponf/ (338-339)
u/ vlom;rsm;ESifh qdkifí tokH;jyKykH
(1) rdrdtaygif;toif;rsm;udk oem;jcif; (1"r® 20;14/ 2&m 24;22)
(2) r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;udk oem;jcif; (rdu©m 6;8)
(3) ESpfoufjrwfEdk;jcif; (a,& 2;2/ a[ma&S 6;4)
(4) ½kyfwGif o@mef (a[&Sm 40;6)
c/ bk&m;ocifESifh qdkifí tokH;jyKcJhykH
1/ y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m opömESifh tcspf
(u) ]]&efolrsm;ESifh 'ku©rS a&G;EIwf&mü}} (a,& 31;3/ {Z& 27;28/ 9;9)
(c) ]]toufudk aoab;rS ab;uif;vkHNcHKap&mü}} (a,mb 10;12/ qm 86;13)
(*) ]]0dnmOf touf&Sifap&mü}} (qm 119;41? 76;88? 124? 149?150)
(C) ]]tjypfrS a&G;EIwf&mü}} (qm 25;7/ 51;3)/
(i) ]]y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;udk apmifhxdef;&mü}} (2&m 6;14/ ae[rd 1;5/ 9;32)
2/ bk&m;ocif\ *kPfyk'fudk azmfjy&mü (xGuf 36;4/ rdu©m 7;20)
3/ bk&m;ocif\ oem;MuifemrI
(u) ]]ayg<u,fonf}} (ae[rd 9;17/ qm 103;8)
(c) ]]twkdif;twm BuD;rmonf}} (xGuf 20;6/ w&m; 5;10/ 7;9)
(*) ]]tNrJxm0&}} (1&m 16;34/ 41/ 2&m 5;13/ 7;3?6/ 20;21/ {Z& 3;11)
4/ oem;Muifemjcif;tjyKtrlrsm; (2&m 6;42/ qm 89;2/ a[&Sm 55;3/ 63;7/ jrnfwrf; 3;22)
9;17-18/ ti,f 17 onf wurÇmvkH;udk vTrf;NcHKaom wefckd;BuD;rm;onfh udk;um;csufjzpfNyD/ xGuf 9;26 rS
,lonf/ ti,f 18 rSm xdkudk;um;rIudk ed*kH;csKyftjzpf tokH;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ zg½dkbk&iftm; olYpdwfolrmaMum
aponf[k xGuf 18;15?19? 32/ 9;34 wdkYü ajymonf/ aemufwpfcg olYpdwfudk bk&m;ocifrmaMumaponf[k
ajymaom usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm xGuf 4;21/ 7;3/ 9;12/ 10;20? 27/ 11;10/ wdkY jzpfonf/ þOyrmudk bk&m;ocif\
tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm; azmfjy&ef tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (i,f 18)/ zg½kdonf rdrda&G;csufrItwGuf wm0ef&Sdonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;twGuf rdrdtvdkawmfNyD;pD;oGm;ap&ef zg½dk\ armufrmrI? acgif;rmrIudk tokH;jyKonf/
(i,f 18)
zg½dkESifhqdkifí bk&m;ocif jyKrIykH\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm a&G;EIwfjcif;jzpfjyD; twdkif;twmtm;jzifh yg0ifonf
1/ bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfudk jyo&ef (urÇmOD; 1 ü AmAkvkef\ Mu,fw&m bk&m;rsm; enf;wl
tD*spfvlrsKd;rsm;\ obm0ESifh wd&pämef bk&m;rsm;ESifh tjydKif)
296
2/ tD*spftm; bk&m;ocifudk zGifhjyjcif;onf wurÇmvkH;tm; jyojcif; oabmjzpfonf (i,f 17)/
taemufwdkif; (tar&duef) \ tawG;ü vlwpfOD;csif;udk t"duxm;aomfvnf; ta&SUwdkif;\ tawG;ü
wpfckvkH;\ vdktyfrIudk tm½kHpdkufonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wurÇmvkH;\ vdktyfrItwGuf rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjy&ef
zg½dkudk okH;onf/ olonf r,kHMunfol tpöa&;udkvnf; xdkenf;wl jyKvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (tcef;BuD; 11)/
þoabmü wpfckvkH;\ vdktyfcsufxJü wpfOD;csif;\ vkdtyfrIrSm z,f&Sm;cH&onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; Oyrmrsm;udkvnf; owd&yg/
1/ bk&m;ocifESifh pmwefwkdY\ aqG;aEG;rIaMumifh a,mb\ rlvuav;rsm;aoqkH;oGm;cJhMuonf (a,mb
1-2)
2/ tm'H\ tjypfaMumifh tpöa&;ppfom;rsm; aoqkH;cJhMuonf/ (a,m½I 7)
3/ 'g0d'ftjypfaMumifh 'g0d'fESifh Amoa&Sb &aom yxruav; aoqkH;oGm;onf (2"r® 12;15)
tjcm;olwpfyg;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkH;udk xdcdkufonf/ þwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;
oabmudk "r®opfusrf;wGif a&mr 5;12-21 ü awGU&onf/
]]or®musrf;pmajymonfrSm}} or®musrf;pmudk vlom;uJhodkY ajymjcif;onf ¤if;\ touf&SifrIESifh qDavsmfrIudk
jyonf/ (10;6-8) aygvkonf ]]tjypf}} ESifh ]]aojcif;}} udkvnf; a&mr (6;-7) ü ouf&Sdvlom;uJhodkY ajymonfμ
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 9;19-26
19
odkYjzpfvQif ]]bk&m;ocif tb,faMumifh tjypfwifawmfrI&ao;oenf;¿ b,folonf tvdkawmfudk
wm;qD;cJhbl;oenf;¿
20
xdkodkY
jzpf&rnfhtpm;
bk&m;ocifudk
pum;wkHYjyefajymqdkoltoif
vlom;rSm
rnfolenf;¿
ykHoGif;aomt&monf ykHoGif;oltm; ]]tb,faMumifh oifonf ighudk þodkY vkyfoenf;¿ [k qdk&rnfavm/
21
odkYr[kwf tdk;xdef;onfonf &GHUap;wpfwkH;wnf;jzifh ydkaumif;aomt&mü okH;&efESifh omreftwGuf okH;&ef
ajrtdk;rsm; jyKvkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf r[kwfavm/ 22bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ rsufawmfxif&Sm;ap&efESifh
rdrdwefcdk;awmfudk odap&ef zsufpD;zdkY&ef jyifqifaom trsufawmfcH tdk;rsm;ay:onf;cHawmfrlvdkygu rnfodkY
qdk&rnfenf;¿ 23csD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&ef BudKwifjyifqifaom *½kPmawmfcHtdk;rsm;tm; rdrd\ bke;f awmf<u,f0rI
od&Sdap&ef xdkodkY jyKygu rnfodkY qdkrnfenf;¿ 24xdkolwdkYrSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;xJü omru?
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;xJuyg ac:awmfrlol igwdkyvnf; jzpfMu\/ 25a[ma&S\ usrf;pmü ajymonfrSm ig\
vlrsKd;r[kwfaom olrsm;udk ]]ig\ vlrsKd;rsm;}} [kac:um? rcspfaom trsKd;orD;udk ]]tcspf}} [k igac:rnf/
26
xdktcg ]]oifwdkYonf ig\ vlrsKd;r[kwf}} [kqdk&mü olwdkYonf touf&Sifaom bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;
jzpfonf}} [lí ac:jcif; cHMuvdrfhrnf [lí jzpf\/
9;19 ]]b,folonftvdkawmfudk wm;qD;cJhbl;oenf;}} ¤if;rSm twnfwusjzpfysufcJhNyD;aom tjzpfrSefwpf&yf\
tusKd;qufrsm; qufuyfjzpfay:aejcif;udk txl;jyKonfh PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ (2&m
20;;6/ a,mb 9;12/ qmvH 135;6/ 'H 4;35)/ a0zefpmykHpH qufvufawGU&onf/ aygvk\ a0zefpmykHpHtm;
wuúaA'enf;us em;vnfjcif;onf aygvk\ tawG;tm; tusOf;csKHU&efESifh em;vnfoabmayguf&ef
taumif;qkH;enf; jzpfonf/ þtcef;BuD;\ ed'gef; c/ 1ü Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk
297
tqifhESpfqifhjzifh jrifwwf&efvdkonf/ yxrtqifhrSm usqif;cJhNyD;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; a&G;EIwf&ef
tBuHtpnfawmfrsm; jzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15) þtBuHtpnfawmfrsm;udk vlom;wpfOD;wpfa,muf csif;\
a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf rxdcdkufEdkifacs/ odkYaomf tjcm;wbufwGif bk&m;ocifonf vlom;udk wefqmyvmtjzpf
tokH;jyK&ef a&G;cs,fxm;onf/ (xGuf 3;7-9 ESifh 10) vlrsm;udk rdrd\ pDrHcsufNyD;jynfhpkHap&ef a&G;cs,fonf
(tjyKoabmtwGuf arma&SESifh tzsufoabmtwGuf zg½dk .... pojzifh)/
9;20-21/ þpdwful;udk a[&Sm, 29;16/ 45;9;13/ 64;8 ESifh a,&d 18;1-12 wdkYrS &,ljcif; jzpfonf/
vlom;onf ajrrIefYrS vmjcif;jzpfojzifh (urÇm 2;7) bk&m;ocifudk zefqif;&Siftjzpf azmfjy&ef YHWH tm;
tkd;xdef;onftjzpf wifpm;azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ aygvkonf zefqif;&Sif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfudk olwyg;
em;vnfoabmayguf&ef &Sif;jy&mü ar;cGef;okH;ck okH;avh&Sdonf/ yxrqkH; ESpfrsKd;rSm tcef;i,f 20ü &SdNyD;?
wwd,wpfrsKd;rSm tcef;i,f 21ü &Sdonf/ aemufqkH; ar;cGef;udk tjyKoabmtwGuf arma&Sudk a&G;cs,fum?
tzsufoabmtwGuf zg½kdtm; a&G;cs,f&mü tvm;wl jyefawGU&onf/ þuJhodkY tvm;wl
qefUusifbuftwJGrsm;udk atmufygwdkYudkvnf; awGU&onf/
1/ £Zuf - £a&Sarv i,f 8-9/
2/ ,mukyf - {aom i,f 10-12/
3/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;ESifh {'HkvlrsdK; i,f 13/
tvm;wlqifwlrIonfaygvk
xdktcsdef&ifqdkif&aomtajctaejzpfonfh,HkMunfolESifh
r,HkMunf
ol*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYudkxif[yfaponf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ tjyKoabma&G;tyfcs,frIudk ,HkMunfolwpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;tm; a&G;cs,frIjzifh aemufqHk;azmfjyoGm;onf/ (i,f 24-29? 30-33)!
o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkt&m arQmfvifhonfrSm
1/ ti,f 20 ygar;cGef;twGuftajz ]] r}}
2/ ti,f 21 ygar;cGef;twGuf tajz ]][kwf}} jzpfonf/
298
9;22 ]]vQif^ygu}} 4if;rSmwpfpdwfwpfydkif; FIRST CLASS CONDITIONAL jzpfNyD;pma&;ol
tjrifütrSef[krSwf,lxm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; o'´genf;usxdkodkY,wdjywfrajymEdkifacs/ ti,f22-24
rSm*&dusrf;ü0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ ti,f 22onf bk&m;ocif\a&G;EIwfaomMuiftifvu©Pm
jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfw&m;rQwaomt&Sifjzpfonf/ olonfvlom;wkdYtm;rdrdwdkYtjyKtrItoD;
oD;twGufwm0efudk,fpD,laponf/ odkYaomfudk,fawmfonf*½kPm&Sifvnf;jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;
aoqHk;xdkufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (1;18-3;21)/ w&m;rQwrIrSmowif;aumif;r[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif
\Muiftifvu©PmrSmtrsufa'gor[kwfbJrlvtm;jzifh*½kPmjzpfonf/ (w&m; 5;9-10/ 7;9/
a[ma&S 11;8-9)/ ola&G;cs,forQrSma&G;EIwfjcif;twGufjzpfonf/ (a,Z 36;22-33)/ olonf
tjypfESifh jynfhaomvlom;ay:onf;cHawmfrlonf/ (a,Z 18)/ olonfrdrd\a&G;EIwfjcif;tBuH
tpnfawmftwGuf qdk;oGrf;rIudkyiftoHk;jyKonf/ (Oyrm pmwef? zg½dk? tifa':&NrdKUrSpkef;rBuD;?tm½I&d
vlrsdK;rsm;? aeAkc'faeZm? uk½krif;ESifh a&mrtcef;BuD; 11 ur,HkMunfaomtpöa&;ponfwkdYjzpfonf)!
NASB ]]trsuf a wmf x if & S m ;apvd k } }
NKJV ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef v k d v m;}}
NRSV ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef q E´ & S d } }
TEV ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef v d k v m;cJ h } }
NJB ]]trsuf a wmf j yo&ef tqif o if h j zpf } }
bk&m;ocifonfrdrdtrsufawmfudkxif&Sm;apjcif;rSm rdrdwefcdk;awmf(i,f22)ESifh rdrd\bkef;
awmf<u,f0rI (i,f 23) ESpfrsdK;pvHk;od&SdapvkdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tjyKtrIrsm;onf
a&G;EIwfjcif;twGuf tBuHtpnfawmf\tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzpfavh&Sdonf/ (r,HkMunfjcif;ESifh tjypftm;
aemufqHk;üz,f&SmrD;zkwf&mt&yfi&J Gehenna rSy)
]]trsufawmf cH tdk ;rsm;}} þa0g[m&onf ti,f 20ESifh 21 rS&GHUap;tm;jzifhwifpm;azmfjyrI
\tqufjzpfonf/ 4if;onfrdrd\a&G;EIwfjcif;tpDtpOfawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifaemufxyf toHk;jyK
aomr,HkMunfolvlom;rsm;udk &nfñTef;aMumif;xif&Sm;onf/
NASB, NKJV ]]jyif q if a om}}
NRSV ]]vk y f a om}}
TEV ]]ao'Pf c srS w f c H c J h a om}}
NJB ]]&nf & G , f x m;cJ h a om}}
4if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;udk (Moulton and
Milligan) wdkY\aypmüaypmwpfpHkw&mtm;4if;\tjynfht0uHMur®mtwGufjyifqifxm;jcif;twGuf
oHk;onf/ ykefuefaomr,HkMunfolonf 4if;twGufw&m;rQwaomtusdK;qufrsm;&&Sdrnfhae&Sdvdrfh
rnf/ rnfodkYjzpfapbk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ydkrdkus,fjyefYaomtm;vHk;udkNcHKaomrdrd\a&G;EIwf&ef&nf&G,f
csuftm; NyD;pD;ap&ef r,HkMunfolrsm;udk toHk;jyKbkdYa&G;cs,fcJhonf/
M.R. Vincent, Word Studies \twGJ 2 üajymonfrSm ]]bk&m;ocifzsufpD;jcif;cH&efroifh
awmfaomfvnf;¤if;\emr0daooet"dyÜg,frSmzsufpD;jcif;twGuftqifoifhjzpfaeonf? rSnfhaeonf
[líjzpfNyD;? ,cifujyKcJhNyD;aomt&m\vuf&Sdt&mjzpfaMumif; participle ujyaeaomfvnf;rnfodkY
rnfykHjyKcJhaMumif;t&dyft>rwfyifrazmfjyacs/}} (P – 716)
299
]]zsufpD;jcif;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 3;3 üMunfhyg/
9;23 ]]u½kPmawmfcHtkd;rsm;tm;rdrd\bk ef;awmf<u,f 0yHkud kodap&ef}} &nf&G,faMumif;jyaom
0gustydkif;onfbk&m;ocif\xm0&BuH&G,fcsuf(u½kPmawmf)udkjyonf/ Bud,mrSm AORIST SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\<u,f0rItm;a,½IudkapvTwfawmfrljcif;tm;jzifhjyonf/!
aygvk&nfñGef;avh&Sdaom<u,f0rIrsm;rSm
1/ oem;Muifemawmfrljcif;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHawmfrljcif; a&mr 2;4/
2/ u½kPmawmfcHtkd;rsm;tay:rdrd\bkef;awmf<u,f0rI a&mr 9;23/
3/ rdrd\aus;Zl;awmf {zuf 1;7/
4/ rdrdtarGawmf\bkef;wefcdk; 1;18/
5/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;c&pfawmftxJ oem;Muifemonfhaus;Zl;awmf {zuf 2;7/
6/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf c&pfawmf {zuf 3;8/
7/ rdrd\bkef;wefckd;awmf {zuf 3;16/
8/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;Mum;xJ bkef;wefck;awmf\vQdKU0SufeufeJrl/ 4if;rSm bkef;BuD;jcif;udk
arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfaom? oifwkdYtxJ&Sdc&pfawmfjzpfonf aum 1;27/
]]csD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&efBudKwifjyifqifaom}} þor®mw&m;udkyif a&mr 8;29-30 ESifh {zuf
1;4? 11 wkdYüazmfjyonf/ þtcef;BuD; 9 onfbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm;azmfjy&mü
"r®opfusrf;xJwGiftjyif;xefqHk;jzpfonf/ zefqif;jcif;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;udkbk&m;ocift<uif;rJhwm0ef
ay;tyfrIrSmtjiif;yGm;p&mtaMumif;r&Sdacs/! þBuD;rm;aomor®m
w&m;udkrnfolrQaysmhaysmif;
oGm;ap
vdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/
rnfodkYjzpfaprdrdoP²mefawmfjzifhzefqif;aomvlom;rsm;ESifh
qufqHjcif;enf; vrf;wpfcktjzpf y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;jyK&ef a&G;cs,fawmfrljcif;onf4if;ESifh
o[mZmwjzpfap&ayrnf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;jzpfonfh urÇmOD; 9; 8-17 ESifh 15;1221 wkdYuJhodkYaomftcsdKU "r®a[mif;acwfw&m;rsm;onfcRif;csufrJhjzpfum vlom;\ wm0efvHk;0
ryg0ifaomfvnf; tcsdKYy#dnmOf w&m;rsm; ({'if? aem{? arma&S? 'g0dwf) onfvlom;\
wHkYjyefrItm; cRif;csuftjzpfxm;&Sdonf/ bk&m; ocifürdrd\ zefqif;jcif;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef
tpDtpOfwpfck&Sd&m? þpDpOfrIudkrnfonfhvlom;urS xdckduf apEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocifonf
rdrd\ pDrHcsufrsm;txJyg0ifcGifhjyKrnfh wpfOD;csif;aomyk*¾dKvfwkdY udka&G;cs,fonf/ þyg0if&ef
tcGifhxl;onf tcsKyftcsmtmPm (tcef;BuD; 9) ESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyf aomqE´ (a&mr 10)/
ESpfckMum;tjcm;"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&mwif;rmrIwpfckjzpfonf/
or®musrf;pmawmfvmwif;rmrIwpfzufudk a&G;,lum? tjcm;wpfzufaomwif;rmrIudkvpfvsL
½I&efrSmoifhavsmfvHkavmufrIr&Sdacs/ ta&SUwdkif;om;rsm;onf or®mw&m;wpf&yfudka0zefpmyHkpHodkYr[kwf
wif;rmrIygaom twGJvkdufoabm jzpfhwifjyavh&SdMuojzifh or®musrf;pmygMo0g'wpfckESifh
wpfckMum; ü wif;rmrIrsm;&Sdaeonf/ 4if;rSmor®mw&m;rsm;udkrSefpDa&Tcsxm;onfESihfwlonf/
þae&mütod&cufcJaomvQdKU0Sufcsuf&SdonfrSmtrSefyif! r,HkMunfolrsm;udktrsufawmfcH&ef
(kataptizō) jyifqifxm;jcif;(i,f 22) ESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;udk csD;ajr§mufcH&ef (proetoimazō) jyifqif
xm;rIrsm;ü (i,f 23) aygvkonfwwåaA'enf;used*Hk;csKyfjcif;rjyKcJhacs/ bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frI
oufoufbJavm¿ (0g)bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIrSmvlwdkif;twGuf*½kPmawmfay:tajcjyKaomfvnf;?
tcsdKUaomolwdkYonfxdkay;prf;rIudkjiif;y,fcJhMuíavmh¿ vlom;wdkYrdrdwdkY\tem*wftwGufyg0ifrI
wpfpHkwpf&m&SdMuoavm¿ (9;30-10;21)/ 4if;üESpfbufpvHk;wGiftpGef;a&mufrIrsm;&Sdonf/ «Augus300
Mo*wfpwif;-yJvm*D;&m;(pf)» uREfkyf\tvdkt&y#dnmOfjyKjcif;oabmonf4if;tpGef;
ESpfzufpvHk;tm;bk&m;ocifay:txl;jyKjcif;jzifh aygif;pnf;oGm;aponf/ vlom;onfbk&m;ocif\
pjyKed'gef;ysdK;ay;jcif;tm;wHkYjyefrIjyK½HkomwwfEdkifonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44?65)/ uREfkyf\oabmrSm
bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmfrSmpdwful;ayguf&mxvkyfjcif;r[kwfbJ? *½kPmawmfESifhjynfh0jcif;jzpfonf/
olonfrdrd\oP²mefawmftwdkif;zefqif;aom todw&m;&Sdol vlom;tm;vHk;vufurf;onf (urÇm
1;26?27)/ þudpöüuRefawmftawmf'ku©a&mufygonf/ 4if;rSmt&Sdefwefcdk;BuD;rm;vSaomfvnf; tjzL
trJuJhodkYay:vGifxif&Sm;onf/ 4if;onfr,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;udkpl;pdkufrIjzpfNyD;? 4if;aMumifhwpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmonf/ (tcef;BuD; 11) odkYaomfbk&m;ocif\p½dkufvu©Pmudkþusrf;ykd'f
wpfckwnf;üazmfjyonfr[kwfacs/
]]bk ef; wef cdk ;awmf}} 3;23 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
9;24 bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf&nf&G,fcsufrSm tpöa&;rsdK;EG,fxufydkí us,fjyefYaMumif;þtcef;i,f
üazmfjyonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\*½kPmawmfudkrdrd\a&G;cs,frIay:tajccHumjyoonf/ urÇmOD;
3;15 onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifonf/ (tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf urÇmOD; 12 rwdkifrcsif; *sL;
vlrdsK;[lír&Sdao;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/)/ tmjA[Hudkac:zdwfjcif;onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkifonf/
urÇm 12;3 tpöa&;tm;,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;\EdkifiHawmftjzpfac:zdwfjcif;onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkif
onf/ (xGuf 19;5-6) 4if;rSmbk&m;ocifvQdKU0Sufxm;onfht&mjzpfaomfvnf; ,cktcgpHkvif jynfh0
pGmzGifhjycJhNyDjzpf\ ({zuf 2;11-3;13/ *vm 3;28/ aum 3;11)/
ti,f 24 &SdaygvktcdkiftrmjyKrIudk "r®a[mif;tudk;tum;tcsdKUwdkYonf &Sif;vif;oGm;apvdrfh
rnf/ (i,f 25-29)/
1/ ti,f 25 - a[ma&S 2;23
2/ ti,f 26 - a[ma&S 1;10
3/ ti,f 27/ a[&Sm, 10;22 ESifh ôdkYr[kwf a[ma&S 1;10
4/ ti,f 28/ a[m&Sm, 10;23
5/ ti,f 29/ a[&Sm, 1;9
9;25-26 pmtquftpyfoabmt& þusrf;ydk'frSm Septuagint (LXX) \a[ma&S 2;23
(qDavsmfatmifwpfpdwfwpfydkif;jyKonf) ESifh 1;10wkdYrS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfumajrmufydkif;tpöa&;rsdK;EG,f
wpfq,fwkdYudk&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; þa&mr 9;25-26 ürlaygvkonf4if;udkwpfyg;trsdK;om;
rsm;tm;&nfñTef;csuftjzpf,lxm;onf/ 4if;rSm"r®opfusrf;a&;om;olwkdY "r®a[mif;usrf;tm;oHk;yHk
oHk;enf;erlemjzpfonf/ olwkdYonftoif;awmftm;tpöa&;udkay;aomuwdawmfrsm;\jynfhpHkrItjzpf
jrifMuonf/ (2aum 6;16/ wdwk 2;14/ 1ay 2;5-6)/ pmtquftpyfoabmt&a[ma&Susrf;\
þusrf;ydk'fonf ,HkMunfjcif;r&Sdoltpöa&;udkñTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,fol
ajrmufydkif;rsdK;EG,fwpfq,fwkdYudke*dkaejyefvnfjzpfapEdkifonfqdkvQif 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\arwåmawmf
ESifh tjypfvTwfawmfrljcif;onf ½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,folwpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkvnf; wpfaeYusvQif
tusHK;0ifaprnfhtaxmuftxm;tjzpfaygvkjrifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
tine-Pelagius
NASB
(aemuf qH k;jyif qifaom) bmomjyef usrf ;/ / 9;27-29/
27
tpöa&;ESifhqdkifía[&Sm,a<u;aMumfonfrSm ]]tpöa&;trsdK;om;wdkYonfyifv,fork'´&m
28
oJvHk;uJhokdYrsm;aomfvnf;? t<uif;tusefwdkYuomvQifu,fwifjcif;&&Sdvdrfhrnf/ taMumif ;
rlum;bk &m;ocifonf rd rdajympum;udkajrBuD;ay:wGif tukeftpifESifhtvsiftjrefaqmif&Guf
301
awmfrlrnf/ 29 a[&Sm,uaumif;uifAdkvfajct&Si fxm0&bk&m;ocifonfigwkdYtwGuftquf
tEG,fwpfckrcsefxm;cJhyguigwdkYonf aom'HkNrdKUuJhodkYjzpfum? a*garm&NrdKUESif hwlcJhMuNyDjzpf
vd rhfrnf /
9;27
NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB ]]aomf v nf ; }}
TEV ]]vQif y if } }
4if;rSmwwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gusrsdK;jzpfum (ean ESifh SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD aygif;pyf
onf) jyKEdkifajctvm;tvm&Sdjcif;udkjyonf/
9;27-28 4if;rSmSeptuagint (LXX)\a[&Sm, 10;22-23 rSrodromudk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ Textus
Receptus onf Septuagint \a[&Sm, 10;23 ütqHk;owfpum;pkwpfckjznfhpGufaomfvnf;4if;onf
a&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh p46, Aleph, A ESifh B wkdYürygojzifh aemufydkif;wGif
usrf;pma&;ul;olwpfa,mufa,mufjznfhpGufvkdufjcif;jzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ UBS4 onfþcsef
xm;rIudk ]] A}} (aocsm) tqifhowfrSwfonf/
9;27 ]]yifv,fo rk'´ &moJv Hk;uJho dk Y}} 4if;rSm tmjA[Hudkay;aombk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;tm;
t"dyÜg,fav;eufay:vGifap&ef wrifcsJUum;azmfjyaomwifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 15;5/
22;17/ 26;4)/
]]t<uif;tusefwdkYuomvQif u,fwifjcif;&&Sdrnf}} "r®a[mif;usrf;\ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü
oHkYyef;tjzpfwdkif;wyg;odkY ydkYaqmifjcif;cH&aomfvnf; uwdawmfjynfodkYbk&m;ocifjyefvnfydkYaqmif
rnfhtpöa&;trsdK;om;wdkYudk &nfñTef;jcif;tjzpf ]]t<uif;tusef}} qdkaompum;vHk;rMumcPoHk;cJhMu
onf/ þa0g[m&udkaygvkoHk;&mü bk&m;ocifESifh ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufpyfrI&Sdaom*sL;vlrsdK;
rsm;ESifh ôdkYr[kwf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk Mum;odum? c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKol
rsm;udk&nfñTef;onf/
y#dnmOfcH tpöa&;vlrsdK;rsm;txJüyifvQif0dnmOfa&;&müoD;jcm;cGJxkwfrIjzpfay:umtcsdKUaom
tenf;i,fwkdYuomvQifbk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefcJhMuonf/ tpöa&;tm;a&G;aumufjcif;onfwpfpkwpf
aygif;wnf;jzpfNyD;? wpfO;D csif;urI,MkH unfjcif;tm;jzihw
f YHk jyefrIjyK&efvt
dk yfonf/ (a[&Sm, 1;16-20)/
aygvkonf þ"r®a[mif;usrf;pum;pkudk jynfESifh'PfcH*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;teuf ygvufpwdkif;odkY
jyefvmoltenf;i,fwdkYtm; yxrtpjyK&nfñTGef;onf/ 4if;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;Mum;&olwkdY
ukd&nfñTef;aomfvnf;trsm;pkwkdYonf c&pfawmfudkr,HkMunf rvufcHcJhMuacs/ yxr&mpkESpftwGif
Mum;cJh&ol (*sL;ESifh wpfyg;trsdK;) tenf;tusOf;wdkYuomvQifowif;aumif;udkwHkYjyefrIjyKcJhMuonf/
aygvkonfolwkdYudkt<uif;tusefrsm;[kac:onf/
302
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / t<uif;tusef t"dyÜg,foHk;rsdK;
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü
]]opöm&Sdaomt<uif;tusef}}
qdkonfhpum;&yfonf
ya&mzufrsm;xyfcg
wvJvJoHk;onfhtaMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfonf/
(txl;ojzifh
bDpD&Spf&mpkya&mzufrsm;ESifh a,&rd) 4if;udkt"dyÜg,foHk;rsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/ jynfESif'PfcH&mü usef&pfolrsm;(a[&Sm 10;20-23/ 17; 4-6/ 37;31-32/ a,&rd
42;15? 19/ 44;12? 14? 28/ tmrkwf 1;8)/
2/YHWH tay:qufvufopömapmifhodolrsm;/ (a[&Sm 4;1-5/ 11;11? 16? 28;5/
a,mv 2;32/ tmrkwf 5;14-15/ rdu©m 2;12-13/ 4;6-7/ 5;7-9/ 7; 18-20)/
3/tem*wfumvüjyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;ESifh jyefvnfzefqif;&müyg0ifMuaomolrsm;
(tmrkwf 9;11-15)/
þusrf;ydk'fürl bk&m;ocifonf*sL;'jynfodkYjyefvm&eft<uif;tusef (jynfESifh cH&mrS
touf&Sifusefaeao;ol) tcsdKUwkdYudkomvQif (tm;wwfoa&mopöm&Sdol) a&G;cs,fonf/ þ
tcef;BuD;txJapmapmuawG;cJhMuonfhtwdkif; tpöa&;\ vGefcJhaom umvrsm;üxyfcg wvJvJ
ay:aygufcJhonfh taMumif;t&mrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ wefckd;awmfaxmufyHhrIESifh
apmifha&SmufrIudkjyo&eft&nft wGufudkavsmhcs avh&Sdonf [laomtcsufjzpf\/ (*da'gif
w&m;olBuD; 6-7)/
9;28
NASB ]]tuk e f t pif E S i f h
tvsiftjref}}
NKJV ]]NyD ; pD ; ... wd k a wmif ; aponf } }
NRSV ]]tvsif t jref E S i f h t NyD ; tyd k i f } }
TEV ]]ol Y t rI u d p ö t jynf h tpH k u d k v sif j ref p G m ajz&S i f ; }}
NJB ]]aES m if h a ES ; jcif ; / Muef Y M umjcif ; r&S d } }
REB ]]tusOf ; csKH U ES i f h aemuf y d w f q H k ; jzpf v d r f h r nf } }
NIV ]]t&S d e f j zif h tqH k ; owf } }
NET ]]tjynf h t 0ES i f h tvsif t jref } }
*&dpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;yg0ifonf (aygvkpmrsm;ü sun aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;oHk;aeusjzpfonf)
303
1/
Suntelōn 4if;rSmatmufygpum;ESpfvHk;wdkY\ PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpfonf/
(u) sun
(c) teleō t"dyÜg,frSm ]]NyD;pD;onfh}} odkYr[kwf ]]tjynfht0oabmaygufonf}}
[líjzpf\/ (rmuk 13;4/ vkum 4;2?13/ wref 21;27/ a[NAJ 8;8)
suntemnōn 4if;rSmatmufygpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;\ PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
2/
jzpfonf/
(u) sun
(c) temnō t"dyÜg,frSm ]] wdkawmif;aponf}} (0g) ]]vsefjrefpGmaqmif&Gufonf/}}
(þae&momawGU&aomfvnf; qufpyfrIyHkpHwpfck wref 24;4 üawGU&onf/)
þtoHk;tEIef;rsdK;üpum;vHk;\Zpfjrpf (0g) tvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;tm;jzifhtaxmuftulrjzpf
bJpmtquftpyftaMumif;t&moabmtm;jzifhom em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ppfrSefaomvlrsm;udku,fwif&efESifh tjcm;olrsm;tm;vHk;w&m;pD&if&ef
&nf&G,fcsufESifh pDrHcsuf&Sdonf/
aemufydkif;usrf;pma&;ul;olwdkYonf 4if;\t"dyÜg,ftjzpfrdrd,lqonfhtwdkif;ay:vGifap&ef
pum;pkrsm;jznfhpGufvmcJhMuojzifhþtcef;i,frSm teufzGifh&efcufcJonf/ UBS4 onftwdkqHk;yHkpH
tm; ]]A}} (aocsm) toifhowfrSwfonf/
9;29 4if;rSm LXX \a[&Sm, 1;9 rSudk;um;aomtpöa&; trsdK;om;rsm;tjypfESifh jynfhaeyHktm;aMumf
jimjcif;jzpfonf/
]]aumif ;uif Adk vfajct&Sifxm0&bk&m;}} 4if;rSm YHWH twGuf"r®a[mif;usrf;\ bGJUemrawmf
wpfrsdK;jzpfum t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü ]] LORD of hosts}} [kyg&Sdavh&Sdonf/ (,mukyf 5;4)/
usrf;pum;tquftpyfudkvkdufum þa0g[m&onfbk&m;ociftm;ppfa&;oabmjzifh&nfñGef; um
]]aumif;uifbHkwyfrawmfrsm;\AdkvfcsKyfrif;}} (a,m½I 5;13-15) odkYr[kwftkyfcsKyfa&; t"dyÜg,f
jzifhoHk;jcif;jzpfNyD; AmAkvkefvlrsdK;wdkY\Mu,fwm&mESifh ewfbk&m;trsm;wkdYtm;udk;uG,frIESifh qufpyf
um ]]aumif;uifbHkt&Sifrsm;\ocif}} Lord of the heavenly bodies [líjzpfEdkifonf/ Mu,fwm
rsm;onfzefqif;cHt&mrsm;jzpfumbk&m;rsm;r[kwfMuacs/ 4if;wdkYonftjzpftysufrsm;udkzefwD;jcif;?
xdef;csKyfjcif;rjyKMuacs (urÇm 1;16/ qmvH 8;3/ 147;4/ a[&Sm, 40;26)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmfrsm;/
u/ E/ tJvf - E/ (BDB 42. KB 48)
1/ a&S;a[mif;a0g[m& trsdK;tpm;qdkif&mbk&m;-deity \ rlvteuft"dyÜg,frSm aocsm&Sif;
vif;jcif;r&Sdacs/ tcsdKUynm&Sifrsm;url Akkadian pum; ]]oefrmonf (0g) wefcdk;BuD;
onf}} rSqif;oufonf[kqdkMuonf (urÇmOD;17;1/ awmvnf23;19/ w&m;a[m
7;21/ qmvH50;1)/
2/ cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;\bk&m;ausmif;uefrsm;ütjrifhbk&m;rSm EI jzpfonf/ (Ras Shamra
usrf;ydk'frsm;)
3/ or®musrf;pmxJü EI udkwjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh rwGJzufacs/ atmufygwGJzufrIrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\p½dkuftm;azmfjyonf/
304
– tJvf - {vDtGef (tjrifhqHk;aombk&m; BDB 42 & 751II)? urÇmOD;
14;18-22/ w&m;a[m32;8/ a[&Sm,14;14/
(c)
EI – Roi – (]]jrifhaombk&m;}} (0g) ]]olUudk,folzGifhjyaombk&m;}} BDB 42 &
909)? urÇmOD;16;13/
(*) EI – Shaddai – ( ]]wefcdk;tBuD;qHk;bk&m;}} (0g) ]]tvHk;pHkaom *½kPm&Sif
bk&m;}} (0g) ]]awmifay:bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 994)? urÇmOD; 17;1/ 35;11/
43;14/ 49;25/
{zuf 6;3/
(C) EI – Olam – (xm0&bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 761)? urÇmOD; 21;33/
þa0g[m&onf 'g0d'ftm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf2"r® 7;13? 16
ESifh "r®ynmoabm t&qufpyfonf/
(u)
EI – Elyon
(i)
EI – Berit–
(]]y#dnmOfw&m;\bk&m;ocif}} BDB 42 & 136)? w&m;olBuD; 9;46/
4/ EI udkatmufyga0g[m&rsm;ESifh wef;xlxm;onf?
(u) YHWH qmvH85;8/ a[&Sm,42;5/
(c) Elohim urÇmOD; 46;3/ a,mb5;8/ ]]igonfoifhzcif\ EI jzpfol Elohim jzpf
onf/}} (I am EI, the Elohim of your father )
(*) Shaddai urÇmOD; 49;25/
kd wfo)l / xGu3f 4;14/ w&m;a[m
(C) ]]tjypf&o
dS nf[x
k ifv,
G o
f }l } (jealousy-o0efww
4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/
(i) ]]u½kPm}} w&m;a[m4;31/ ae[rd9;31/
(p) ]]wefckd;BuD;íaMumufrufbG,fjzpfaom}} w&m;a[m7;21/ 10;17/ ae[rd 1;5/
9;32/ 'Ha,v9;4/
(q) oAÁñkwOmPfawmf&Sif? 1"r® 2;3/
(Z) ]]ig\cdkifcHhaomcdkvIH&m}} 2"r® 22;33/
(ps) ]]ightwGufudk,fpm;acsay;ol}} 2"r® 22;48/
(n) ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,5;16/
(#) ]]wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,10;21/
(X) ]]uREfkyf\u,fwifjcif;}} a[&Sm,12;2/
(!) ]]BuD;jrwfíwefcdk;awmfESifhjynfhpHkol}} a,&rd32;18/
(O) ]]tusdK;tjypfudkay;ol}} a,&rd51;56/
5/ "r®a[mif;ü bk&m;ocif\emrnftm;vHk; a,m½I 22;22 üwaygif;wnf;awGU&onf/
(EI, Elohim, YHWH ESpfcgxyfíazmfjyonf/)
c/ Elyon (BDB 751, KB 832)
1/ 4if;\tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ]]jrifhaom}} ]]csD;ajr§mufxm;aom}} (0g) ]] jr§ifw
h ifxm;aom}}
[líjzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 40;17/ 3"r®9;8/ 4"r®18;17/ ae[rd 3;25/ a,&drd 20;2/
36;10/ qmvH 18;13)/
305
2/ 4if;udkbk&m;ocif\tjcm;aombGJUemrtawmfrsm;rsm;ESifhtvm;wltoHk;jyKonf/
(u) Elohim - qmvH47;1-2/ 73;11/ 107;11/
(c) YHWH - urÇmOD; 14;22/ 2"r® 22;14/
(*) EI - Shaddai - qmvH91;1?9/
(C) EI - awm24;16/
(i) Elah - 'Ha,v2-6 ESifh {Z7 4-7 wdkYü'Ha,v3;26/ 4;2/ 5;18? 21 wdkYü&Sdonfh
illair (Aramaic tm&rd-BuD;jrifhaombk&m;)ESifh qufpyfoHk;avh&Sdonf/
3/ tpöa&;r[kwfolrsm;tjzpfvnf; rMumcPoHk;Muonf/
(u) arvcdZ'uf – urÇmOD; 14;18-22/
(c) Amvrf – awm24;16/
(*) w&m;32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajym&mü arma&StoHk;jyKonf/
(C) "r®opfusrf;\vkumc&pf0ifusrf;üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;pma&;&mü4if;ESifh t"dygÜ ,f
wl*&dpum; Hysistos toHk;jyKonf/ (1;32? 35? 76/ 6;35/ 8;28/ wref7;48/
16;17)/
*/ Elohim (trsm;jyudef;) Eloah (tenf;jyudef;)/ rlvtm;jzifhuAsmtvFmrsm;üoHk;onf/
(BDD 43, KB 52)/
1/ þa0g[m&udk "r®a[mif;jyifyürawGU&acs/
2/þpum;vHk;onftpöa&;wdkY\bk&m;ocif(0g) wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ bk&m;rsm;tm;
ñGef;qdkEdkifonf/ (xGuf12;12/ 20;3)/ tmjA[H\rdom;pkrsm;onfewfbk&m;trsm;
udk;uG,folrsm;jzpfonf/ (a,m½I24;2)/
3/ tpöa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm;ñTef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (xGuf21;6/ qmvH82;6)/
4/ Elohim a0g[m&udktjcm;emrf0dnmOfrsm; (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? ewfqdkrsm;)ESifh qdkif
ívnf; w&m; 32;8 (LXX) qmvH 8;5/ a,mb 1;6/ 38;7 wdkYrSmuJhodkYtoHk;
jyKonf/
5/ or®musrf;pmü4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ yxrqH;k bGUJ emrawmfjzpfonf/(urÇmOD; 1;1)/
4if;udkurÇmOD; 2;4 ü YHWH ESifh yl;wGJroHk;rDtjcm;pum;vHk;ESifh ra&mbJoD;oefY
oHk;onf/ 4if;onftajccHtm;jzifh^"roabmw&m;t& bk&m;ociftm;zefqif;
ol? xdef;csKyfolESifh þurÇmN*dKvfay:owå0gtm;vHk;tm;axmufyHholtjzpf&nf
ñTef;onf/ (qmvH104)/
4if;onf EI ESifh t"dyÜg,fqifwlonf (w&m;32;15-19)/ 4if;onf qmvH
14 (Elohim) rSmuJhokdY YHWH ESifhtvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;bGJUemrrsm;
ajymif;vJvdkufjcif;uvTJvQif 4if;rSm qmvH 53 (YHWH) ESifhtwdtuswlonf/
6/ 4if;onftrsm;jyudef;jzpfumtjcm;bk&m;rsm;ü oHk;aomfvnf;þa0g[m&onf
tpöa&;\bk&m;ociftm;ñGef;qdkavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomfbk&m;wpfqlwnf;tm;azmf
ñGef;&eftenf;jyBud,moHk;avh&Sdonf/
306
7/ þa0g[m&tm;bk&m;\ emrawmftjzpftpöa&;r[kwo
f rl sm;\EIwfrv
S nf;xGuf
avh&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/
1/ arvcdZ'uf/ urÇmOD; 14;18-22
2/ Amvrf/
awm24;2
3/ w&m; 32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajymonfhtcgarma&StoHk;jyKonf/
8/ tpöa&;wkdY\wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;twGufemrnf trsm;jyudef;jzpfaejcif;rSm
xl;qef;onf/ aocsmr[kwfaomfvnf;oDtdk&DtcsdKU&Sdonf/
(u) a[NAJwYkd ütxl;jyKazmfjyjcif;twGuftrsm;jyude;f trsm;tjym;toH;k jyK
Muonf/ 4if;onfaemufydkif;üay:vmonfha[NAJo'´goabmw&m;
wpfrsdK;jzpfaom ]]cefYnm;x,f0gjcif;\ trsm;ude;f rsm;}}qdo
k nft
h &m
ESirhf sm;pGmeD;pyfonf/ 4if;oabmütrsm;jyudef;rsm;udt
k ,ltqwpfck
tm;tus,fcsJU&ef? csJUum;azmfjy&eftoHk;jyKonf/
(c) 4if;onfaumif;uifbHkübk&m;ocifqifhac:onfh
rdrd\qifhqdkrltm;vdkufem aqmif&Gufaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;
nDvmcHudk&nfñGef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf (3"r® 22; 19-23/ a,mb
1;6/ qmvH 82;1/ 89;5? 7)/
(*) 4if;onfyk*d¾KvfoHk;yg;aygif; bk&m;wpfqltaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ü
zGifhjyrI
udkxif[yfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
urÇmOD;
1;1
bk&m;ocifzefqif;onf/ urÇmOD; 1;2 ü0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;um
"r®opfusrf;ü
a,½Ionfcrnf;
awmf\
zefqif;jcif;
wefqmyvmjzpfonf (a,m[ef 1;3? 10/ a&mr 11; 36/ 1aum
8;6/ aum 1;15/ a[NAJ 1;2/ 2;10)/
C/ YHWH (BDB 217, KB 394)
1/
4if;rSmbk&m;ociftm;y#dnmOfw&m;jyKol? u,fwifol? a&G;EIwfol?
bk&m;tjzpfay:vGifapaombGJUemrjzpfonf/
vlom;onfy#dnmOfw&m;
rsm;udck sdK;azmufaomfvnf;bk&m;ocifrSmrlrrd ad jympum;?
rdrd\uwdawmf? rdrdy#dnmOf w&m;ay:opöm&Sdonf/ (qmvH103)/
þemrudk Elohim ESifh aygif;pyfíyxrqHk;urÇmOD; 2;4
üazmf jyonf/ urÇm 1-2 üzefqif;jcif; rSwfwrf; ESpfck&Sdjcif;
r[kwfbJ? txl; jyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1) ½kyf0w¬Kydkif;qkdif&m
pBuFm0|m zefqif;olbk&m; tjzpfESifh (2) bk&m;ocif tm;vlowå0g
zefqif;oltjzpftxl;azmfjyonf/ urÇm 2;4-3;24 onfvlom;\
txl;tcGifhta&;&aom taetxm;ESifh olYtm;zefqif;jcif;\
&nf&G,fcsuf enf;wltjypfjyóemESifh ykefuefrIonf twktEdIif;
uif;aomtaetxm;ESifh wGJzufaMumif;tm;pwifzGifhjyonf/
307
urÇm 4;26 ü]]vlrsm;onfxm0&bk&m;\emrawmfudktrSDjyKíudk;uG,f
pjyKMuav\}} (YHWH) [kqdkonf/ odkYaomfy#dnmOfcHueOD;vlrsm;
onf(bdk;ab;rsm;ESifh olwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;) bk&m;ocifudk EI – Shaddai
tjzpfomvQifod&SdcJhMuaMumif;xGuf 6;3 t&od&Sd&onf/
YHWH emrawmfudkxGuf3;13-16 txl;ojzifh ti,f14üwpf
BudrfomvQif&Sif;vif;xm;onf/ rnfodkYjzpfap arma&Sa&;aompmrsm;ürl
pum;;vHk; rsm;tm; vlodrsm;aom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh upm;um &Sif;vif;avh&Sd
NyD;pum; vHk;rsm;\rlvukdpdppfavhvmjcif;oabmrsdK;roHk;acs/ (urÇm 17;5/
27; 36/ 29;13-35)/ þbGJUemrawmf\ t"dyÜg,ftwGuf oDtdk&D
tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (IDB, Vol 2, pp.409-11) rS&,lonf/
(u) tm&yfrl&if;pum;rSqif;oufvmNyD; ]]jyif;jyaomarwåmjy&ef}}
(c) tm&yfrl&if;pum; ]]wdkufcwfonf (YHWH tm;rkefwdkif;bk&m;tjzpf)
(*) Ugartic ,l*g;wpfac:cgeefpum;rSqif;oufNyD;]]ajymqdkonf}}
(C) zdek D;&Se;f uAÁnf;ausmufpmwpfckt& ]]qufvufwnf&adS eapol}} (0g)
]]wnfNrJapol}}
(i) a[NAJ Qal Bud,myHkpH ]]&Sdaeol}} (tem*wftjrifü ]]&SdaeOD;rnfol}})
(p) a[NAJ Hiphi Bud,myHkpH ]]jzpfay:apol}}
(q) a[NAJrl&if; (urÇm 3;20) ]]touf&Sifonf}}/ t"dyÜg,frSm
]]tNrJtouf&Sifol}} ]]wpfyg;wnf;touf&Sifaeol}}
(Z) xGuf3;13-16 &]]igonfjzpfaeustwdkif;qufvufjzpfaernf}} (0g)
]]igonf^jzpfcJhí,ckwdkif^jzpfaeonfhtwdkif;qufvuf^jzpfaernf}}
(J.Wash Watt, A Survey of Syntax in the Old Testament, p.67) YHWH
\emrnftjynfhtpHkudktwdkaumufjzifh (0g) jzpfEdkiforQrl&if;yHkpHtm;jzifh
azmfjyavh&o
dS nf/
(1) Yah (Oyrm Hallelu-yah, BDB 219, xGuf15;2/ 17;16/
qmvH 89;9/ 104;35)
(2)
Yahu (“iah” ESifhqHk;aomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Isaiah)
(3)
Yo (“Jo” ESifhpaomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Joshua (or) Joel)
2/
3/
*sL;bmomü
aemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif
þy#dnmOfcHemrawmfrSm
oefY&Sif;vGef; ojzifh? xGuf20;7/ w&m; 5;11/ 6;13 wkdYüyg&Sdaom
ynwfcsufudkcsdK;azguf
&mra&mufap&ef*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf xdkemrawmfudk
rajym&JMuacs/ xdkYaMumifholwdkY onf ]]ydkif&Sif}} ]]q&mBuD;^master}} ]]cifyGef;onf}}
]]udk,fawmf}}- Lord [lít"dyÜg,f&Sdaoma[NAJpum;vHk; adon (0g) adonai
(uREfkyf\t&Sif) jzifh tpm;xdk;Muonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;zwf&if; YHWH
pum;vHk;ESifh wdk;rdaom tcgt&Sif (my Lord) [ktoHxGufMuonf/
xkdYaMumifht*Fvdyfbmomjyef usrf;rsm; ü YHWH udk LORD [lípmvHk;BuD;
rsm;jzifah &;om;jcif;jzpfonf/
308
4/
ESifhpyfvsOf; ítpöa&;wdkY\ y#dnmOfcHbk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;csuf
tcsdKUtm;tav;teufjyK&ef 4if;udktjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh wGJzufavh&Sdonf/
wGJzufa0g[m&rsm;pGm&SdEdkifaomfvnf; þae&mwGiftcsdKUazmfjyygonf/
(u) YHWH- Yireh a,a[m0g;- ,d&,f, (YHWH onf
jyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/ BDB 217 & 906)/ urÇm 22;14/
(c) YHWH- Rophekha a,a[m0g;-a&myufcg (YHWH onfoifhtm;
a&m*gaysmufuif;apoljzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 950 ) xGuf15;26/
(*) YHWH- Nissi a,a[m0g;- edpd (YHWH onfig\atmifvHawmf
jzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 651) xGuf 17; 15/
(C) YHWH- Meqaddishkem (YHWH onfoifhtm;oefY&Sif;apoljzpf onf/
BDB 217&872 Piel PARTICLE) xGuf 31;13/
(i) YHWH- Shalom (YHWH onfNidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB 217&
1022) w&m;olBuD; 6;24/
(p) YHWH- Sabbaoth (AdkvfajcwdkY\YHWH jzpfonf/ BDB 217&878)
1"r® 1;3? 11/ 4;4/ 15;2/ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü rMumcPawGU&onf/
(q) YHWH- Ro I (YHWH onfuREfkyftm;odk;uJhodkY xdef;ausmif;ol
jzpfonf/ BDB217&944 Qa/ PARTICLE)qmvH 23;1/
(Z) YHWH- Sidqenu (YHWH onfigwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/
BDB 217&841) a,&rd 23;6/
(ps) YHWH- Shammah (YHWH onfþt&yfü&Sdonf/ BDB 217&1027)
a,Zausv 48;35/
EI, YHWH
NASB ]]igwk d Y t wG u f t quf t EG , fw pf c k r csef x m;ygu}}
]]igwkdYtm;rsdK;aphwpfckrcsefxm;ygu}}
NRSV ]]touf & S i f v T w f a jrmuf o l r csef x m;ygu
TEV ]]igwk d Y tm;tquf t EG , f t csd K Urcsef x m;ygu}}
NJB ]]igwk d Y t m; touf & S i f v G w f a jrmuf o l tenf ; i,f r csef x m;ygu}}
a[&Sm, 1;9 \a[NAJrl&if;pmrSm ]]t<uif;tusef}} jzpfaomfvnf; Septuagint onf4if;udk
]]rsdK;aph}} [kbmomjyefonf/ (NKJV)bk&m;ocifonfh tpöa&;tm;w&m;pD&if&mü (1) ,HkMunfol
t<uif;tusefodkYr[kwf (2) ar&Sd,\tquftEG,fonf vTwfoGm;avh&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
trsm;aomolwdkYudk vufvSrf;rDDSEdkif&ef tenf;i,fwkdYtm;csefxm;avh&Sdonf/
]] aom'Hk ...a*garm&}} ti,f 28 onf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh qdkifonf/
þtenf;i,fonf bk&m;ocif\zsufqD;jcif;cHcJhonfhomoemyNrdKUESpfNrdKU wdkYudktxl;ojzifhazmfjyaomf
vnf;(urÇm19;24-26) xdNk rdKUESpfNrdKUrSmbk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;twGufoHk;EIef;aoma0g[m&wpfrsdK;
NKJV
309
jzpfvmonf/ (w&m; 29;34/ a[&Sm 13;19/ a,&rd 20;16/ 49;18/ 50;40/ tmrkwf 4;11)/
NASB
(aemuf qH k;jyif qifaom) bmomjyef usrf ;/ / 9;30-33/
odkYjzpfvQifrnfodkYajym&rnfenf;¿
ajzmifhrwf jcif ;r&S molwyg;trsdK;om;wkdYonf
30
31
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhajzmifhrwfjcif;&&SdMu\/
odkYaomfajzmifhrwfjcif;ynwfw&m;awmfudk
32
rSDatmifvdkufoltpöa&;onf xdkynwfw&m;acwfudkrrSD/ tb,f haMumifh enf ; ¿ taMumif; rSm
tusifhtm;jzifhrSDEdkifrnfhyHkjzifh ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh rvdkuf cJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ olwk dY
33
onf cvkwfwdkufapaomausmuf wHk;udkcvkwfwdkufvJcJhMu\/ 4if;rS m ]]Munfh ½I avmh /
igonfZdtkefNrdKUücvkwfwdkufapaomausmuf wHk;ESifhrSm;,Gif;jcif;ausmufaqmifudkcsxm;\/
olYudk,HkMunfolonf pdwfysufjcif;r&Sd&[lí usrf;pmajyonfhtwdkif;jzpf\/
9;30-31 4if;rSm bk&m;ocif\a&G;aumufjcif;qkdif&m thHMobG,fed*Hk;csKyfjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f
30-33 rSm tcef;BuD; 9tusOf;csKyfESifh tcef;BuD; 10 tm;ed'gef;ysdK;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh rSef
uefjcif;&olrsm;rSm,HkMunfolwpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;jzpfNyD;*sL;vlrsdK;tm;vHk;tukefr[kwfacs/ (i,f 6)/
bk&m;ocifonfy#dnmOfjyKjcif;vrf;aMumif;jzifhvlom;tm;vHk;qufqHonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
pwifítpjyKed'gef;ysdK;ay;um? tajccHtkyfjrpfrsm;csrSwfay;oGm;avh&Sdonf/ wpfOD;csif;wdkYonf
aemifwESifh,HkMunfjcif;? emcHjcif;ESifhcJGjrJjcif;jzifhwHkYjyefMu&ayrnf/ vlom;rsm;u,fwifjcif;&onfrSm
1/
bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmaMumifhavm/
2/
ar&Sd,NyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyftm;,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfaMumifhavm/
3/
wpfOD;csif;\,HkMunfjcif;vkyfaqmifrIaMumifhavm¿ ]]vdkufonf}} [laompum;vHk;
twGuf 14;19 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
9;30 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} þpum;vHk;tkyfpktwGuf 1;17 \txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ 4if;\
emrfpum;vHk;udkti,f 30 üoHk;BudrfESifh ti,f 31 üwpfBudrfawGU&onf/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} ESifh ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} wdkYudkEIdif;,SOfxm;onf/ xdkYjyify#dnOf
w&m;a[mif;ESifh y#dnOfw&m;topfwdkYrSmvnf;qefUusifbufjzpfonf/ y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;\
jyóem onf wpfurÇmvHk;twGuftcef;BuD; 11 ü{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;wHcg;zGifh ay;oGm;onf/
9;32 ]]tusifhtm;jzifh}} (work-tvkyf)/ Textus Receptus onf]]ynwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaom}}- of the
law udkjznfhpGufonf/ 4if;rSmaemufydkif;usrf;pmull;olwpfa,mufa,mufjznfhpGufvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
aygvkonf]]ynwfw&m;ESifhqkdifaomtusifh}} (tvkyf) qdkonfhþpum;pkrMumcPoHk;onf/ (3;20?
28/ *v 2;16/ 3;2?5?10)/ rnfodkYjzpfapa&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh P46,Aleph*, A, B,
F ESifh G wdkYüþa0g[m&tm;þti,fücsefxm;cJhMuonf/ UBS4 onfydkíwdkaomrl&if;pmudk]]
B}}tqifh (aocsmoavmuf)owfrSwfonf/
t"duaomhcsufrSmbk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonfvlom;\vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfbJc&pfawmf
rSwqifhbk&m;ocif\p½dkufESifhvufaqmifjzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonfusqif;cJhol vlom;&&Sd&ef
rjzpfEdkifaomt&mjzpfaomfvnf;? 4if;ukdkc&pfawmftm;,HkMunftm;xm;jcif;rS wqifhtcrJhay;prf;aom
310
vufaqmifjzpfonf/ (3;21-31)/ odkYaomf4if;udkvufcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf (i,f 33/ a,m[ef 1;12/
3;16/ a&mr 4;1/ 10;9-13/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ 4if;rSmppfrSef aombmomw&m;ukdif;½Idif;aom
udk,fusifhw&m;0g'D*sL;rsm; (ESifhOya'oorm;rsm;tm;vHk;) vufvTwfoGm;cJh&Muaomor®mw&m;jzpfonf/
George Eldon Ladd onfrdrd\pmtkyf A Theology of the New Testament ütcsufwpfck
azmfjyonfrSm]]ynwfw&m;awmftaMumif; aygvkoeG o
f if&mü*sL;&AÁq
d &mwpfO;D jzpfaom rdrdaygvku,
kd w
f idk f\
orkdif;\tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifh&aomtjrift&jzpfap? yxr&mpkacwfynwfawmfatmufu*sL;wpfa,muf
\erlemoabmjzifjh zpfapcsOf;uyfavh&o
dS nf/ rnfoYkd jzpfapaygvk\tjrifuo
kd l\0dnmOfa&;&mtw¬KyÜwdå
tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;? yxr&mpkESpfzg&d&SJ0g'tm;enf;Oya'0g'DwpfOD;\ azmfjyrItjzpfvnf;aumif;
jrif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;c&pf,mefawG;ac:&SifwpfOD;onf "r®oabmw&m;\ajzmifrh wfjcif;enf;vrf;ESpf
rsdK;jzpfonfhenf;Oya'o0g'ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;wdkYtm;jzifhteufzGifhqdkrIwpf&yftjzpfvnf; ½Ijrif&rnf
jzpfonf/}} ( p.495 )
9;33 4if;tm;a[&Sm, 28;16 ESifh 8;14 wdkYudkaygif;í,ljcif;jzpfonf/
]]Munfh½Iavmh? igonfZdtkefNrdKUüausmufwHk;wpfckcsxm;\/}} 28;16
]]cvkwfwdkufjcif;ESifhjypfrSm;jcif;ausmufaqmif}} 8;14
]]olYudk,HkMunfolonfpdwfrysuf&}} 28;16
þtcef;i,fwdkYudkþyHkpHjzifhaygif;pyfonfhtcg(&AÁdq&mBuD;wkdYvkyfaeusyHkpH) a[&Sm 28;16
t"dyÜg,fudktjyKoabmrStzsufoabmodkYajymif;ypfvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf"r®a[mif;usrf;
udkrdrd&nf&G,fcsuftwGufyg;eyfpGmtoHk;csavh&Sdonf/
1/
olonfrnfonfhbmomjyefcsufudkvkdufoenf;¿( LXX, MT, odkYr[kwf rdrdudk,fydkif
bmomjyef)
2/
tudk;tum;jyKrIrsm;udkolajymif;vJvkdufonf (jynfESif'PfcHolrsm;udkwyg;trsdK;om;
odkYajymif;vdkufonf)
3/
rl&if;usrf;rsm;udkolaygif;pyfonf
4/
bJGUemrawmfESifhemrfpm;rsm;ajymif;vJonf/ YHWH udka,½ItjzpfoHk;onf/
]]olYudk,HkMunfolonfpdwfrysuf&}} 4if;rSma[&Sm, 28;16 rSjzpfonf/ 4if;udka&mr 10;11 ü
vnf;udk;um;NyD; a&mr 10;13 üudk;um;onfha,mv 2;32 ESifhvnf;qifwlonf/ u,fwif jcif;
twGufaomhcsufrSm (1) ,HkMunfaomt&m (wkdufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf) ESifh (2) wpfa,mufcsif;udk,f
wkdifvufcHjcif;(olYtm;,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ,HkMunfyg-4;5 ü Munfhyg/
]]ausmufwHk;wpfwkH ;}} 4if;rSmrl&if;tm;jzifhbk&m;ocif\bJGUemrawmfwpfckjzpfaomfvnf; (qm
18; 1-2? 31? 46/ w&m; 32;18/ 1"r® 2;2/ qm 28;1/ 31;1/ 42;9/ 71;3/ 78;35) ar&Sd,\
bGJUemrawmfjzpfvmonf/ (urÇm 49;24/ qm 118;22/ a[&Sm 8;14/ 28;16/ 'H 2;34-35? 44;45/
róJ 21;42-44)/ bk&m;ocif\y#dnOfw&m;qkdif&muwdawmf\t"du aomhcsuf(ar&Sd,)udkem;
vnfrIvTJrSm;umjiif;y,fcJhMuonf/ (1aum 1;23)/ *sL;vlrsdK;wkdYonf ar&Sd,\&nf&G,fcsufudk
omrubk&m;ocif\ y#dnOfqkdif&mtajccHawmif;qdkrIudkygem;vnfrIvTJrSm;cJhMuonf/ c&pfawmf
onf*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;twGuf cvkwfwdkufrd&mtaMumif;jzpfvmcJhaomfvnf;(a[&Sm 8;14/ vkum 2;34)
*sL;ESifhwpfyg;trsdK;om;ESpfrsdK;pvHk;rS ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufrlolonfwdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmufjzpfvm
cJhonf/ (a[&Sm 28;16/ 1ay 2;6-10)
311
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / wd kufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf
1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;toHk;tEIef;rsm;
u/ ausmufwHk;\oabmrSmcdkifrmíMum&SnfwnfwHhojzifhtkwfjrpfaumif;wpfckjzpf
oGm;aponf/ 4if;udk YHWH tm;azmfjy&eftoHk;jyKonf/(qmvH 18;2)
c/
aemufykdif;ü4if;rSmar&Sd,\bJGUemrawmfjzpfvmonf/ (urÇm 49;24/ qm
118;22/ a[&Sm 28;16)
*/
4if;onfar&Sd,tm;jzifhbk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;udkudk,fpm;jyKonf/ (a[&Sm
8; 14/ 'H 2;34-35? 44-45)/
C/ 4if;onftaqmuftOD;tm;wifpm;azmfjyrIjzpfvmonf/
(1) tajccHtkwfjrpfausmuf/ 4if;udkyxrOD;qHk;csonf/ þtaqmuftOD;
wpfckvHk;twGufaxmifhpGef;rsm;owfrSwfay;um?
cdkifcHhrIudkygay;onf/
]]wdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf}} [kac:onf/
(2) 4if;onftkwfeH&HESpfbufudkNrJap&efaemufqHk;csaomausmufwHk;udkvnf;
ñTef;Edkifonf/ (Zm 4;7/ {zuf 2;20?21)/ 4if;udk]]txG#fausmufwHk;}}- the
capstone [kac:NyD;a[NAJpum; rush (OD;acgif;)rSvmonf/
(3) 4if;onf]]aomhcsufausmufwHk;}} udkvnf;ñTef;Ekdifonf/ 4if;rSmrkcfayguf
\tv,fü&Sad omausmufw;kH jzpfNyD;rkcfeH&Hwpfcv
k ;kH \ tav;csdeu
f x
dk ed ;f ay;
onf/
2/ "r®opfusrf;toHk;tEIef;
u/ a,½Ionfrdrdudk,frdrd&nfñTef;&effqmvH 118 udkrMumcPudk;um;onf/ (róJ
21; 41-46/ rmuk 12;10-11/ vkum 20;17/)
c/
aygvkonfqmvH 118 tm;ykefuefol,HkMunfjcif;uif;rJhaomtpöa&;udkYHWH
jiif; y,jfcif;ESifhqkdifíoHk;onf/ (a&mr 9;33)
*/
aygvkonfc&pfawmfudk&nfñTef;&ef]]wkdufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf}} oabmtm; {zuf
2; 20-22 üoHk;onf/
C/ ayw½konfa,½ItaMumif;üþoabmudkyif 1ay 2;1-10 üoHk;onf/ a,½Ionf
wkdufaxmifh tjrpfausmufjzpfum ,HkMunfolrsm;onf touf&Sifaom
ausmufwHk;rsm; jzpfNyD; (1aum 6;19 ü,HkMunfolrsm;udkAdrmefawmfrsm;tjzpf)
ocifbk&m;tay:xyf íwnfaqmufvsuf&SdMu\/ (a,½IrSmtopfaomAdrmef
awmfjzpfonf/ rmuk 14;58/ róJ 12;6/ a,m 2;19-20)/ *sL;wdkY
onfa,½Itm; ar&S,
d tjzpfjiif;y,fonfh tcgrdrw
d Ykd arQmv
f ifjh cif;\tajccHtkwfjrpf
udkjiif;y,fcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/
312
3/
"r®oabmw&m;tm;
u/ YHWH onf'g0d'fâ&SmvrkHtm;AdrmefawmfaqmufvkyfcGifhjyKonf/ olwdkYonf
y#dnOfw&m;udkapmifhxdef;Muyguaumif;csD;ay;umolwdkYESifh twl&Sdrnf(2"r®7)[k
ajymcJhaomfvnf;xdkodkYrjyKMuyguxdkAdrmefawmfysufpD;oGm;vdrfhrnf[kajymjyonf/
(3"r® 9;1-9)
c/
&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\ *sL;bmomonfyHkpHESifhbmoma&;yJGvrf;obifwdkYü tm½Hkpl;
pdkufum vludk,fwkdif\,HkMunfrIu@udkvpffvsL½Ixm;cJhMuonf/ (a,& 31;
31-34/ a,Z 36; 22-38)/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdo@mefawmfESifh tnDzefqif;
cJholrsm;ESifh aeYpOfoefY&Sif;aomaygif;oif;qufqHa&;jyK&efarQmfvifhonf/ (urÇm
1;26-27)/ róJ 5;20 ü*sL;bmomudkajymonfenf;wlvkum 20;17-18 ü
vnf;aMumufvefY bG,f&mw&m;pD&ifjcif;pum;rsm;yg0ifonf/
*/
a,½Ionfrdrd½kyfcE¨mudkudk,fpm;jyK&ef AdrmefawmfoabmoHk;cJhonf/ (a,m 2;
19-22) þoabmtwdkif;qufvufoGm;um a,½Itm;ar&Sd,tjzpfudk;pm;jcif;
onf YHWH ESifhqufqHjcif;\aomhcsufjzpfvmonf/ (a,m 14;6/ 1a,m 5;
10-12)
C/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf ysufpD;oGm;aombk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfudkvlom;txJ
jyefvnf&,ljcif;jzpfNyD; (urÇm 1;26-27 ESifh tcef;BuD; 3) bk&m;ocifESifhjyefí
rdwfo[m,jyKEdkif&efjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef\yef;wkdifrSmc&pfawmfESifh,ckwlaejcif;
jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onftouf&Sifaom ausmufwHk;rsm;jzpfvmMuap&ef
wnf;/ (c&pfawmf\yHkpHudkvdkufumolYay:aqmufvkyfxm;aomAdrmefawmfti,f
rsm;)
i/
a,½IonfuRefawmfwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;wkdufaxmifhtjrpfausmufESifh uRefawmfwdkY
\,HkMunfjcif;txG#fausmufwHk;jzpfonf/ (tmvzESifhMoar,) odkYaomfcvkwf
wkdufp&mausmufwHk;ESifh jypfrSm;p&mausmufwHk;vnf;jzpfonf/ olYtm;vuf
vGwfjcif;onf t&mcyfodrf;vufvTwfoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þae&mütv,f
tvwfvrf;pOf[líum;r&Sdygacs/
aqG;aEG;aomar;cGGef;rsm;
þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdk
onfrSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onf
rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®musrf;
pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSmy"getusqHk;jzpfonf/or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;
olrsm;tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaomþar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;\useftydkif;wGif yg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;
t&mrsm;tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&efyHhydk;bkdYjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJpOf;pm;qifjcifrItm;qGay;jcif;
omjzpfonf/
1/
tcef;BuD; 9 (BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;)ESifh tcef; 10 (vlom;\vGwfvyfaompdwfqE´)wdkYonf
rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;¿
313
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
tcef;BuD; 9;1-29 \t"duOD;wnfcsufrSmtb,fenf;¿
bk&m;ocifonftpöa&;udkay;onfhrdrduwdawmfudkcsdK;azmufcJhNyDavm¿
tpöa&;vlrsdK;rsm;cHpm;cJhMuonfhtxl;tcGifhta&;rsm;pm&if;jyKpkyg/ (9;4-5)
*sL;rsm;tm;vHk;bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefMuygovm;¿rSefuefMuonfqdkvQifbmaMumifh vJ¿
vlom;udkbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftwdkif;vkyf&eftwif;tMuyfjyKcJhonfqdkvQifvlüudk,f
usifhw&m;t&wm0ef0wå&m;[lí&SdygOD;rvm;¿
BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;twGufaomhcsufjzpfaom*½kPmawmfrSmrnfodkYenf;¿
(15?16?18?23/ 11;30-32)
314
a&mr 10
acwfopf bmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm;pmydk'fcGJjcif;
UBS4
tpöa&;ESifh {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;
NKJV
tpöa&;ü {0Ha*vd
owif;aumif;vdktyf
9;30-10;4
NRSV
ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwf
jcif;,HkMunfrIjzifh&
9;30-10;4
10;1-13
tm;vHk;twGuf
u,fwifjcif;
10;5-13
{0Ha*vdw&m;udk
tpöa&;jiif;
10;14-21
10;14-21
10;5-13
rdrd½IH;qHk;rI
twGufpöa&;ü
wm0ef&Sd
10;14-17
10;18-21
TEV
NJB
tpöa&;ESifh {0Ha*vd oefY&Sif;apolbk&m;
owif;aumif;
jzpfaMumif;tpöa&;
rjrifchJ
9;30-10;4
10;1-4
tm;vHk;twGuf
arma&S\oufao
u,fwifjcif;
cHcsuf
10;5-13
10;5-13
tpöa&;üqifajc
wufp&mr&Sd
10;14-17
10;18-21
10;14-15
10;16-17
10;18-21
ywfvnfz wf½Ijcif;taMumhoHk ; (pm xi ü Munfhyg)/
rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmykd'ftvdkuf &nf&G,fcsuftm; em;vnfjcif;
þpmtkyrf mS rnfuo
hJ Ykd teufzGi&hf rnftaMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdk
onfrSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/
uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onf
rdrd&½Sdaom tvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkifor®musrf; pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfwYdk rSmy"getusqH;k jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufziG jhf cif; tvkyu
f t
kd eufzGiu
hf sr;f a&;olrsm;
tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
þtcef;BuD;udw
k pfxikd w
f nf;ESihf zwfyg/ yg0ifonft
h aMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
rdrd\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyefusrf;ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;
onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsuf
jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonftaMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;?
pmydk'fütaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/
yxrpmydk'f
2/
'kwd,pmykd'f
3/
wwd,pmydk'f
4/
---- pojzifh
usrf;pum;tquft pyfjzifhe m;vnfjcif;
u/
c&pfawmftxJü YHWH \aus;Zl;BuD;pGmay;prf;aomu,fwifjcif;udkwHkYjyefrIay;&ef tpöa&;
\tcGifhaumif;rsm;taMumif;tcef;BuD; 10 wGifpl;pdkufonf/ urÇmudka&G;cs,f &ef&nf&G,f
csufaMumifh*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;udkbk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fjcif;taMumif;tcef;BuD; 9 üaqG;aEG;onf/
315
(urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ odkYaomf*sL;rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frItm;
vufcH&efjiif;y,fcJhMuonf/ (y#dnOfw&m;tm;emcHjcif;/ w&m;a[m&m usrf; 27-29)/
c/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;azmfjy&ef aygvkonf"r®a[mif;usrf;udk qufvufoHk;oGm;onf/
(tcef;BuD; 9 tm;usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzihfem;vnfjcif;eHygwf ]]i}} üMunfhyg)/ 4if;rSm
wrefawmfusrf;üwrefawmfrsm;a[maom w&m;a'oemrsm;\xl;jcm;rIjzpfum kerygma
(a[majymonfht&m) tjzpfod&Sdxm;Muonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / a[majymonfht
&m/ / 1;2 üMunfhyg/
*/
9;30-10;4 \t"duor®mw&m;rsm;rSm
1/
wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;onfc&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifhbk&m;ocif\ajzmifh
rwfjcif;&Muonf/
2/
*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onfc&pfawmfudkudk;pm;jcif;rjyKcJhMuojzifhbk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf
jcif;r&Mu/
3/
ynwfw&m;awmfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;ray;Edkif/ 4if;rSmc&pfawmfudkudk;pm;jcif;jyK&mrS
wqifhbk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmifjzpfNyD;vlom;\ vkyfaqmifrIjzifhr&&SdEdkif
(3; 21-31)/
C/ Bruce Corley ESifh Curtis Vanghan wkdYa&;om;um Zondervan pmtkyfwdkufu xkwfa0onfh
A Study Guide Commentary, Romans, pp.115-116 ü*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\tjypftaMumif;tusOf;
csKyfjcif;onftaxmuftuljyKygonf/
1/
bmoma&;rme/ 10;2 u
2/
0dnmOfrsufpduef;jcif;/ 10;2c?3u
3/
rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfapjcif;? 10;3c
4/
tavQmhray;pwrf;aomacgif;rmrI 10;4u
tcef;BuD; 10 taMumif;tcef;BuD; 9 tqHk;üolwdkYay;oGm;onfhrSwfcsufrsm;udkuRefawmf
vnf;oabmusygonf/ ]]vuf0g;uyfwkdif taMumif;a[majymjcif;ü a&G;aumufrIjzpfay:onf/
(1ouf 1;4-10)/ bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmjzifhcdkifrmpGm (u) tumtuG,fjyKrIudk (9;6-29)
(c) tBuD;rm;qHk;omoemjyK&mpmykd'frsm;jzifhrnfuJhodkYvkdufEdkifaMumif; (*) aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;ü
(10;1-21)&Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ (C) (10;1-21) &Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;
a[m&eftjrifhrm;qHk;aomtrdefY rSmxdkodkYa[mjcif;jzifhbk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftxJrdrda&G;aumuf
jcif;&nf&G,fcsufudkopöm&SdpGm aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf[líod&Sdxm;jcif;jzpfonf}} (p.114)/
i/
tcef;BuD; 9 enf;wl? tcef;i,f 10 ü"r®a[mif;usrf;rsm;pGmudk;um;xm;onf/
1/
ti,f 5-0wfjyK 18;5
2/
ti,f 6-w&m;a[m 30;12/ ed'gef;rSmw&m;a[m 9;4 qifwlonf
3/
ti,f 7-w&m;a[m 30;13 rSmqm 107;26 qifwlonf
4/
ti,f 8-w&m;a[m 30;14
5/
ti,f 11-a[&Sm, 28;16
6/
ti,f 13-a,mv 2;32
7/
ti,f 15-a[&Sm 52;7 (odkY) em[Hk 1;15
8/
ti,f 16-a[&Sm 53;1
316
9/
10/
11/
12/
ti,f 18-qmvH 19;4
ti,f 19-w&m; 32;21
ti,f 20-a[&Sm 65;1
ti,f 21-a[&Sm 65;2
pum;vHk;ES if hpum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / / 10;1-4
1
nDtpfudkwdkYighpdwfESvHk;awmifhwrIESifh bk&m;ocifxHqkawmif;csufrSm olwdkYu,fwif
jcif;twGufjzpfonf/ 2olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGufpdwf" mwfjyif;jyMuaomfvnf; ynmtm;
3
jzifh r[k wf acs/ taMumif;rlum;bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmf rljcif;udkrodbJolwdkY\ ajzmifh
4
rwfjcif;wnfap&efBudK;pm;Muojzifhbk&m;ocif\ajzmif hrwfjcif;udkremcHMuacs/ taMumif;rl
um;,HkMunfolwdkif;ajzmifhrwf ap&efc&pfawmfonfynwfw&m;awmf\tqHk;jzpfownf;/
10;1 ]]nDtpfudkwdkY}} aygvkonfþa0g[m&udktaMumif;t&mopfwpfcktpjyK&efoHk;avh&Sdonf/
(1;13/ 7;1?4/ 8;12)
]]ighpdwfESvHk;awmifhwrIESifhbk&m;ocifxHqkawmif;csufrSm olwdkY\u,fwifjcif;twGufjzpf
onf}} *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;u,fwifjcif;&EdkifaMumif;ESifh olwdkYtwGufqkawmif;ay;jcif;onfjcm;em;rIjzpfap
vdrfhrnf[kaygvk,HkMunfonf/ 4if;rSmBudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifhtHhtm;oifhp&mqefYusifbufjzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; 9;3 üMunfhyg/ ]]olwdkYtwGuf}} pum;vHk;
üvufa&;usrf;rluGJwpfck&Sdonf/ Textus Receptus onf ]]tpöa&;twGuf}} [laompum;vHk;jzifh
tpm;xdk;onf/ odkYaomfvufa&;usrf;taxmuftxm;onf]]olwdkYtwGuf}} udkydkrdkrsufESmomay;
onf/ (MSS P46, Aleph, B, C, D, F, G) UBS4 onf4if;udk ]] A}} (aocsm)tqifh owfrSwfonf/
10;2 ]]olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGufpdwf"mwfjyif;xefaomfvnf;}} pdwf&if;rSefjcif;ESifhpdwfxuf
oefjcif;&Sd½HkjzifhrvHkavmufacs/ (i,f 3-4)/ þtaMumif;aygvkaumif;pGmod&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf
9;1/ *vm 1;14/ zd 3;6)
10;2-3 ]]....aomf vnf ;ynmtm;jzifh r[k wfacs/ taMumif ;rlum;bk &m;ocif \ajzmifhr wfawmf
rl jcif;udk rodbJ}} þae&mwGif]]odonf}} [laoma0g[m&ü (i,f 2 epiginōskō) qdkvkdcsufESpfrsdK;
&SdEdkifonf/
1/
*sL;vlrsdK;wdkUonftcrJh{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;qdkonfudkem;rvnfMuacs/
(*&dtjriftm; jzifh ]]od}})
2/
*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onfbk&m;ocifESifh,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhqufoG,frIr&SdMuacs/ (a[NAJt
jriftm;jzifh ]]od}}/ urÇm 4;1/ a,& 1;5)
*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonf bk&m;ociftm;wHkYjyefrIjyK&efvkdtyfaMumif;rodolrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ (i,f
16?18?19) odkYaomfolwdkYonf,HkMunfjcif;udkvlom;\ vkyfaqmifrIESihftpm;xdk;vdkufMuonf/ xdkY
aMumifh4if;onfrme? 0ifh0grIESifhoD;oefY0g'jzpfvmonf/ (i,f 3)
317
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
od&Sdonf (Oyrmtjypf w&m;a[m&musrf;
tm;oHk;avh&Sdonf/)
a[NAJpum; ]]od&Sdonf}} (BDB)üt"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; (ta&SUtv,fydkif;bmompum;) udk Qal
Bud,mtrsdK;tpm;üawGU&onf/
1/
tqdk;taumif;em;vnfjcif; - urÇm 3;22/ w&m; 1;39/ a[&Sm 7;14-15/ a,me 4;11
2/
em;vnfjcif;tm;jzifhod&Sdjcif; - w&m; 9;2?3?6/ 18;21
3/
tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifhod&Sdjcif; - w&m; 3;19/ 4;35/ 8;2?3?5/ 11;2/ 10;10/ 31;13/
a,m½I 23;14/
4/
pOf;pm;jcif; - w&m; 4;39/ 11;2/ 29;16
5/
vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifhod&Sdjcif;
u/ vlyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf - urÇm 29;5/ xGuf 1;8/ w&m; 22;2/ 33;9
c/
bk&m;wpfql - w&m; 11;28/ 13;2?6?13/ 28;64/ 29;26/ 32;17
*/
YHWH - w&m; 4;35?39/ 7;9/ 29;6/ a[&Sm 1;3/ 56; 10-11
C/ vdifrItm;jzifh - urÇm 4;1? 17? 25/ 24;16/ 38;26
6/
oif,laomuRrf;usifrI (0g) todynm - a[&Sm 29;11? 12/ tm 5;16
7/
ynm&Sdoljzpfjcif; - w&m; 29;4/ ok 1;2/ 4;1/ a[&Sm 29;24
8/
bk&m;ocif\todynm(u) arma&SESihfqdkifí - w&m; 34;10
(c) tpöa&;ESifhqdkifí - w&m; 31;21/ 27;29
10;3 ]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}} tcef;BuD; 9-11 t&od&onfrSm4if;pum;pkonf
bk&m;ocifonfrdrdESifhrSefuefaom&yfwnfcsufü&Sdapjcif; (a&mr 4) tm;&nfñTef;NyD; xkdokdYvkyf
aqmif&jcif;rSm
1/rdrd\*&kPmawmfaMumifh
2/c&pfawmf\jyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyf
3/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;\aemifw/ ,HkMunfjcif;onfwkefYjyefrIay;umqufvufíemcH
umpGJjrJoGm;onf/
*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;udkrnfuJhodkUem;vnfrIvGJrSm;oGm;MuaMumif;
aumif;pGm oabmaygufem;vnfoabmaygufEdkifygonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf ynwfawmf
emcHjcif;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ (w&m;a[m 4;28-6;3?17?24-25)/ olwdkU *½krjyK
rdcJhMuonfrSm,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifww&m;wdkYcsdefcGifvQmnDrQa&;jzpfonf/ (w&ma[m 5;2930?6;5)/ bk&m;ocifonftpöa&; bufüaeumvkyfaqmifjcif;rSmolwdkY\ajzifhrwfrIaMumifhr[kwfbJ?
rdrd\tusifhp½dkufawmfaMumifhjzpf aMumif;w&m;a[m&musrf;ü½Sif;vif;az:jyonf/ (9;6?7?13?24?27?
10;12-22/ a,Z 36;22-38)/ cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;udk ESifxkwfjcifonfyif olwdkU\tjypfaMumifhjzpfum
318
(9;4-6/ urÇm 15;16) tpöa&;\ ajzifhrwfrIaMumifhr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
1;17üMunfhyg/
]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udkremcHMuacs}} Mud,mrSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE
jzpf aomfvnf; MODEL VOICE (TEV) tjzpfbmomjyefonf/ Koine Greek (t&yfoHk;*&dpum;)ü
MIDDlE VOICE \vkyfaqmifrIukdPASSIVE VOICE uxdef;csKyfonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf
oabmtm;jzifht"dyÜg,fqHk;jzwfonf/
emcH(submit)\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm twGJvdkufay;aomtrdefYwpfcktwGufoHk;onfhppf
a&;a0g[m&jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udktvkyf^tusifhjzihf&&Sd&efBudK;
pm;cJhMuaomfvnf;4if;rSmvufaqmifjzpfaeacsonf/ (3;24/ 5;15/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ aygvk
onf þor®mw&m;udk'rowfNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfvmcJhonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / emcHjcif ; (HUPOTASSO)
onfþa0g[m&udkuGJjym;jcm;em;aom a[NAJpum;vHk;wpfq,ftm;
bmomjyef jcif;twGufoHk;onf/
4if;\"r®a[mif;usrf;rlvt"dyÜg,frSm ]]trdefYay;onf}}
okdYr[kwf ]]trdefY\ tcGifhta&;^trdefYay;ydkifcGifh}} jzpfonf/ 4if;udkSeptuagint (LXX)
awGU&onfrSm1/
bk&m;ocifrdefYMum;onf/ (0wf 10;1/ a,me 2;1/ 4;6-8)
2/
arma&SrdefYMum;onf/ (xGuf 36;6/ w&m; 27;1)
3/
&Sifbk&ifrsm;rdefYMum;onf/ (2&m 31;13)
"r®opfusrf;ü þt"dyÜg,fjzifhqufvufoHk;&mwrefawmfwpfyg; trdefYay;&mwGif
wrefawmf10;48 üawGU&onfhyHkpHjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap"r®opfusrf;üt"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm;jzpfay:
vmonf/
1/
rdrd\pdwfqE´t&vkyfaqmifrIoabmjzpfvmonf/ (MIDDLE VOICE jzifhawGU&
avh&Sdonf)
2/
þodkYtrdrdudk,frdrduefYowfvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;a,½Iucrnf;awmf
tm;emcH&müawGU&onf/(vkum 2;51)
3/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;tusdK;r,kwfap&ef,HkMunfolrsm;onf
,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk; pHrsm;tm;emcHjcif;
(u) tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;({zuf 5;21)
(c) ,HkMunfolr,m;rsm;(aum 3;18/ {zuf 5;22-24/ wdwk 2;5/ 1ay
3;1)
(*) r,HkMunfoltpdk;&rsm;udk,HkMunfolrsm;emcHjcif;(a&mr 13;1-7/ 1ay
2;13)
,HkMunfolrsm;onfbk&m;ociftwGuf? c&pfawmftwGuf? bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmftwGuf?
tjcm;olrsm;\aumif;usdK;twGufcspfjcif;arwåmt&if;cHjzifhvkyfaqmifMuonf/(1)toif;awmf
onf (2) bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf ESifh (3) tjcm;olrsm;\vkdtyfcsufrsm; udktajccHum (4)
þa0g[m&tm; (5) (t*¾y,fcspfjcif;arwåm)enf;wl (6) topfaomt"dyÜg,f rsm;ESifhjynfh0
aponf/ trdefYaMumifhr[kwfbJrdrdudk,frdrday;tyfolbk&m;ocifESifh 4if;\ar&Sd,wdkYESifh topf
319
aomqufqHrIay:tajcjyKvsuf þa0g[m&onf
jrifhjrwfaomtwÅtopfwpfrsdK;t"dyÜg,f
aqmifvmonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf wpfckvHk;\aumif;usdK;ESifhbk&m;ocif\ rdom;pkaumif;
csD;twGufepfemrIcHumqufuyfonf/
Septuagint
10;4
NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]]taMumif ; rS m c&pf a wmf o nf y nwf w &m;\tqH k ; jzpf \ }}
]]taMumif;rSmc&pfawmfonfy nwfw&m;udktqHk;owfcJhNyD}}
NJB ]]od k Y a omf , ck tcgynwf w &m;onf c &pf a wmf j zif h tqH k ; owf o d k Y a &muf c J h NyD } }
þazmfjyrIonfróJ 5;17-18 ESifhwpfrsdK;wpfpm;wnf;jzpfonf/ ynwfw&m;awmf\&nf
&G,fcsufyef;wdkif(0g)tqHk; (telos) onfu,fwifjcif;r[kkwfbJoabmaygufapjcif;jzpfum?xkd&nf&G,f
csuftwdkif;qufvufoGm;onf/ (*v 3;24-25) þtaMumif;t&m\"r®opfusrf;pHjyusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm
*v 3;1-29 ESifh a[NAJMo0g'pmwdkYjzpfonf/
þtaMumif;aqG;aEG;&müusrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmjzifh tjywfqHk;jzwfcsuf,l&onf/
aygvkonf"r®a[mif;usrf;udkenf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,meftoufwmtaMumif;aqG;aEG;onfh
tcg"r®a[mif;usrf;rSmbk&m;ocif\zGifhjyrIjzpfonf/ (a&mr 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ odkYaomf
u,fwifjcif;taMumif;aqG;aEG;onfhtcgürl4if;rSmqdwfokOf;oGm;í ukefqHk;cJhNyDjzpfonf/ (a[NAJ
8;13)/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf"r®a[mif;usrf;rSmacwfa[mif;tm;wifpm;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ a,½ItxJ
,HkMunfjcif;ESifhqdkifaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rSm0dnmOfawmf\acwfopfjzpfonf/
ynwfw&m;
awmf\acwfumvrSmukefvGefcJhayNyD/ txl;taMumif;t&m / /
ara&S\ynwfw&m;tay:
aygvk\tjrifudk 13;9 üMunfhyg/
NASB, NKJV ]]taMumif ; rl u m;,H k M unf o l w k d i f ; ajzmif h r wf a p&ef } }
NRSV
]],HkMunfo lwdkif;twG ufajzmifhrwfjcif;&Sdap&ef}}
TEV
]],HkMunfo lwdkif;bk&m;ocifES ifh rSefuef ap&ef }}
NJB
]],HkMunfjcif;&Sdolwdkif;ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&&Sdap&ef}}
tcef;BuD; 9-11 udktm;vHk;aygif;íteufjyef&ayrnf/ tcef;BuD; 9 üjyif;xefpGmazmfjyonfh
bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm;txl;jyKjcif;udktcef;BuD; 10 ü,HkMunfoltm;vHk;udkac:zdwf
jcif;ESifh twlwif;rmpGmpGJudkifxm;&ygrnf/(i,f 4?9?11?13/ 3;22/ 4;11?16)
vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;udkbk&m;ocifcspfaMumif;ESifha&G;EIwf&ef&nf&G,fcsufudkurÇm 3;15 üazmf
jyum urÇm 12;3 ESifh xGuf 19;5-6 wkdYüjyif;xefpGmqkdvdkonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;ay:bk&m;ocif\
arwåmawmfESifhvlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;tm;aygif;pnf;&efpDrHcsufukdya&mzufrsm;rMumcPa[mcJhMuonf/
bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&Sdum vlom;tm;vHk;rdrdo@meftwkdif;zefqif;onf [laomtjzpfrSefonf
vlom;tm;vHk;u,fwifjcif;&&efac:zdwfrIjyKaponf/ rnfodkYjzpfapvsdKU0SufcsufrSm0dnmOfawmf\vkyf
aqmifrIryg&SdygurnfolrQwHkUjyefrIrjyKEdkif[laomtcsufjzpfonf/(a,m 6;44?65) 4if;aemufay:vm
onfhar;cGef;rSm]]bk&m;ocifonfvlwdkif;udku,fwifjcif;&&efqJGaqmifygoavm}} [líjzpfonf/ t
ajzrSm]][kwfygonf}} [líjzpf&ygrnf/ (a,m 3;16/ 4;42/ 1a,m 2;2/ 4;14/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;9)/
rMumcPay:vmaomtjypf\½l;rdkufjcif;? usqif;jcif;ESifh pmwefwdkYurlxkd]]odkYr[kwf}}[kkqkdMuonf/
aygvkw&m;a[monfhtcg *sL;tcsdKUwHkYjyefcJhMuNyD;tcsdKUurlrwHkUjyefcJhMuacs/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;wdkY
vnf;xdkenf;wltcsdKUwHkUjyef? tcsdKUaomolwdkYurlwHkUjyefjcif;rjyKcJhMuacs/
TEV
320
]],HkMunfonf}} [laom*&dpum;vHk; (pisteuo) udkt*Fvdyfpum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonfh ]]believe}}
]]faith}} ESifh ]]trust}} oHk;rsdK;jzifhbmomjyefMuonf/ 4if;rSmypöKyÜefumvjyBud,mjzpfNyD; qufvuf
,HkMunfoGm;jcif;udkac:onf/ 4if;rSmtjzpfrSefrsm;tm;todtrSwfjyKjcif;oufoufr[kwfbJ ("r®o
abmw&m;? ordkif;0iftao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;? owif;aumif;Mum;&jcif; c&pfawmfrSwpfqifh
bk&m;ocifay;onfh vufaqmifudkvufcHjcif;jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;rSmy#dnOfw&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;
ocifonftpDtpOfcsrSwfumvkdtyfaomwHkUjyefrIrsm;tpcsDaomfvnf;? vlwpfOD;csif;wkdYonftpjyK
,HkMunfjcif;ESifhaemifwjzifhwHkUjyef&rnfjzpfNyD; qufvuf,HkMunfumaemifw&oGm;&efjzpfonf/ emcH
jcif;ESifhpGJNrJjcif;wdkYonf ppfrSefjcif;&Sdr&SdqHk;jzwfonf/ c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif;ESifhtrIawmfwdkYrSmyef;
wkid jf zpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&dBud,mrsm;\umvjyyk'frsm;/
u,fwifjcif;[lonfxkwfvkyfvdkufaomt&mr[kwfbJqufqHa&;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/
u,fwif jcif;rSmvlwpfa,mufc&pfawmfudkrdrd\udk;pm;&mjyKvdkufonfESifhNyD;oGm;onfr[kwfacs/
4if;rSmtpjyK vdkufjcif;rQomjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmrD;tmrcHoabmrsdK; (odkY) aumif;uifbHkrSm
aexdkif&efvufrSwfrQom r[kwfbJ/c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;üBuD;xGm;aomtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfonf/
tar&duefütqdkwpf&yf&Sd&m
ZeD;armifESHwkdYtdrfaxmifouf&vmonfESifhtrQ
½kyfcsif;ydkí
qifwlvm Muonf[líjzpf\/ 4if;rSmu,f wifjcif;\yef;wkdifwnf;/
NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonfhu,fwifjcif; ( AORIST )
- wrefawmf 15;11
- a&mr 8;24
- 2wdarmao 1;9
- wdwk 3;5
- a&mr
13;11
(ESifhtem*wfudkOD;wnfcsufxm;onf)jzpfwnfaeaomtajctaewpf&yfjzpf
onfhu,fwifjcif;/ (PERFECT)
- {zuf 2;5?8 qufvufaeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonfhu,fwifjcif;(ypöKyÜef)
- 1aum&dEÅK 1;18/ 15;2
- 2aum&dEÅK 2;15
- 1ayw½k 3;21
tem*wfüNyD;jynfhpHkrnfhu,fwifjcif; (Bud,mjyyk'ftm;jzifh odkYr[kwf usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabm
tm;jzift
h em*wf)
- a&mr 5;9?10/ 10;9?13/ 1aum&dEÅK 3;15/ 5;5/ zdvdyÜd 1;28/ 1oufomavmed 5;89/ a[NAJ 1;14/ 9;28/ 1ayw½k 1;5?9
321
xkYd aMumifu
h ,fwifjcif;onf,MkH unfjcif;jzifh
qH;k jzwfjcif;
wpfcEk iS hf
tpjyKonf
rSefaomfvnf;
(a,m
1;12/
3;16/
a&mr
10;9-13)
,HMk unfjcif;tm;jzift
h ouf&iS af omyHpk v
H rf;pOfwpfcjk zpfay:ap&rnfjzpf (a&mr 8;29/ *v 3;19/
{zuf 1;4/ 2;10)um? wpfaeYaomtcgusvQifrsufjrifNyD;jynfph v
kH mvdrrhf nf/ (1a,m 3;2)/
þaemufq;Hk tqifu
h b
kd ek ;f BuD;apjcif;?
cs;D ajr§mufjcif;[kac:onf/
4if;udkatmufyg
twdkif;&Sif;jyEkdifonf/
1/
tpjyKbkef;BuD;apjcif;?csD;ajr§mufjcif;-ajzmifhrwfjcif;
(tjypf\'PfrSu,fwifjcif;)
2/
wdk;wufaeaomu,fwifjcif;-oefU½Sif;jcif;(tjypf\wefcdk;rSu,fwifjcif;)
3/
aemufqHk;u,fwifjcif;-bkefMuD;apjcif;(tjypf½Sd&mt&yfrSu,fwifjcif;)
5
taMumif;rlum;arma½Sa&;onfrSmynwfw&m;awmf ay:
tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwf
6
odkYaomf,HkMunf
jcif;udkusifhaomolonfxdkajzifhrwfjcif;tm;jzifhtouf½Sifvdrfhrnf/
jcif;ay:tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwfjcif;uajymonfrSm
]]aumif ;uifodkYb,folw ufvdrfhrnf
enf;[koifhESvHk; om;xJürajymESifh/ (4if;rSmc&pfawmfudkrnfol,laqmifvmrnfenf;[kqdk
7
vdkonf) odkYr[kwfeuf½Idif;&mt&yfxJokdYrnfolqif;vdrfhrnfenf;[krajymESifh/ (4if;rSm
c&pfawmf udkaoaom olrsm;teufrSrnfolxapvdrfhrnfenf ;[kqdkvdkonf) 8odkYaomf
4if;uyifrnfuJhodkYajymoenf;¿
EIwfuywf awmfonfoifwdkYESif h eD ;íoifw dk Y\EIw f E Si fh
oifw kd Y\ pdwfES vHk ;xJü&Sdo nf [kqkd\/ 4if;rSmigwdkYa[majymaom EIwfuywfawmfudkajym
jcif;jzpfonf/ 9a,½Iudkt&Sifociftjzpfoif\EIwftm;jzifh0efcHumbk&m;ocifonf olYudk
aoaomolrsm;teufrSxaponf[koifhESvHk;xJü
,HkMunfyguu,fwifjcif;&vdrfhrnf/
10
taMumif ;rSmvl wpf a ,muf onf
pdwfESvHk;jzifh,HkMunfyguajzmifhrwfapjcif;&umEIwf
11
jzifh0efcHyguu,fwifjcif;&aponf/ taMumif;rl um;or®musrf;pmajymonfrSm ]]olYudk
12
,HkMunfolwkdif;pdwfysufjcif;rcH&[líjzpf\/}} taMumif;rSm *sL;vlrsdK;ESifh*&dvlrsd K;tMum;
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdacs/ taMumif;rSmudk,f awmfukdac:aomol wdkif;twGuf aus;Zl;awmf
13
taMumif;rlum;udk,f
<u,f0awmfrlolt&SifonfyifolwdkYtm;vHk;\udk,fawmfjzpf\/
awmf\emrawmfudkac:aomolwkdif;u,fwifjcif;&vdrfhrnf/
10;5 þtcef;i,fü xGuf 18;5 udk&nfñTef;onf/ 4if;\uwdawmfrSmaocsmonf/ wpfpHkwpf
a,mufonfynwfw&m;awmfudkvdkufEdkifcJhrnfqdkvQifxkdoludkbk&m;ocifvufcHvdrfhrnf/
(vkum
10;28/ *v 3;12)/ jyóemrSm a&mr 3;9?10-18?19?23/ 5;18/ 11;32 üazmfjyrItrSefpifppfjzpfae
322
jcif;yif/ vlom;tm;vHk;tjypfjyKMuonf/ tjypfjyKol(soul )aoqHk;&vdrfhrnf/ (urÇm 1;17/ w&m;
30;18/ a,Z 18;4?20)/ þy#dnOfw&m;a[mif;vrf;tm;ydwfypfcJhNyDjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmao'PfpD&if
aomusdefqJjcif;wpf&yfjzpfvmcJhonf (7;10/ *v 3;13/ aum 2;14) /
10;6-8 4if;üSeptuagint (LXX) \w&m;a[m 30;11-14 tm;&nfñTef;onf/ aygvkonfxkdusrf;
ydk'fudkrdrd&nf&G,fcsuftwGufqDavsmfpGmoHk;onf/ þusrf;ydk'fudkynwfawmftm;&nfñTef;umarma&S
ajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ (þusrf;ydk'f\usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmonfcspfjcif;arwåmESihf ESvHk;om;
ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif;tm;pl;pdkufajymjcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;a[m30;6?16?20)/ odkYaomf4if;udk
þae&m wGifa,½I\vl0ifpm;jcif;? taocHjcif;ESifh jyef&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;tm;ajymjcif;tjzpf
oHk;onf/ (i,f 9/ {zuf 4;9-10) aygvkajymvdkaomtcsufrSm ar&Sd,t&Sifa,½Iudk
,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifhu,fwifjcif;&EdkifNyD[líjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 30;15-20)/ 4if;rSmvG,ful
onf/ &&SdEdkifonf/ tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ ara&S\w&m;pD&ifa&;ynwådusrf;ESifh vGefpGmuJGjym;
jcm;em;onf/
10;6 ]]odkYaomf,HkMunfjcif;ay:tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;u ajymonfrSm}} aygvkonf
apmapmü]]tjypf}}? ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} ESifh or®musrf;pmwkdUudkvluJhodkYwifpm;cJhNyD/ ,ckwpfcg ]],HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifhajzmifhrwfjcif;}} udkvnf;vluJhodkYwifpm;vkdufonf/ 4if;onf"r®a[mif;usrf;tm;udk;um;
onfhti,f 6?7 ESifh 8 wdkYüpum;ajymonf/
]]pd wfESvH k; }}ESvHk;onfvl\Zmwd^twåudkxif[yfaponf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;24 üMunfhyg/
]]wufonf...qif;onf}} vlom;wkdYonfc&pfawmfudkr&SmcJhMu/ bk&m;ocifonfolUudkvlom;
wkdif;twGuftrsm;jynfoltxJapvTwfcJhNyD/ vlom;rsm;\&SmazGrIrvdktyfacs/
10;8 ]]EIwfuywfawmfonfoifESifheD;onf}} 4if;üw&m;a[m 30;14 udkudk;um;onf/ w&m;a[m
30;11 ütav;teufajymonfrSmrdrd\vlrsdK;awmftpöa&;twGufYHWH \tvdkawmfrSmodEdkifaom
t&mjzpfonf[líjzpf\/ (i,f 12-13)/ aygvkonfþowif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm;csufjcif;&
EdkifyHkudktav;teufjyK&eftqdkygusrf;ydk'fudkoHk;onf/(i,f 11-14)
10;9 ]]vQif^ygu}} 4if;rSmwwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gustrsdK;tpm;jzpfum tem*wfüjyKEdkifajct
vm;tvm&Sad omvkyfaqmifru
I q
kd v
kd o
kd nf/ ti,f 9 rSm(hoti)pum;vHk;ygaomowif;pum;jzpfonf/
]]0efcH}} 4if;rSmaygif;pyfpum;vHk; homologeo jzpfNyD;rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm]]ajymonf}} ]]twlwl}} [lí
jzpfNyD;]]tay:wif^vlod&SifMum;oabmwlnDonf}} (tjcm;olrsm;Mum;Edkif&eftoHus,fpGmajymonf)
[kqdkvdkonf/ c&pfawmftm;,HkMunfaMumif;tay:wif0efcHjcif;rSmvGefpGmta&;BuD;onf/ (róJ
10;32/ vkum 12;8/ a,m[ef 9;22/ 12;42/ 1wd 6;12/ 1a,m 2;23/ 4;15) ueOD;toif;awmfü
vlod&SifMum;0efcHrIrSma&ESpfr*FvmcH,ljcif;jzpfonf/ ar;jref;cHolonfc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfudk;pm;
aMumif;tm; ]]a,½Ionft&SifjzpfaMumif;uREkfyf,HkMunfygonf}} [líEIwfjzifh0efcHjyoonf/ atmuf
tygtaMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif ;t&m/ / 0efcHjcif;
u/ 0efcHjcif; (0g) t"dXgefjyKjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&drl&if;pum;vHk; homolegeo ESifh
exomologe [lí&Sdonf/ aygif;pyfpum;vHk;yHkpHrSmtwlwuG[lít"dyÜg,f&Sdaom homo rSqif;ouf
onf/ lego ajymonfESifh ex (xJrS- out of )udkaygif;pyfonf/ rlvtajccHt"dyÜg,frSm
wlnDaomt&mudkajymonf/ oabmwlnDonf[líjzpf\/ trsm;oligodatmifaMumfjimjcif;
oabmtwGuf ex udk jznfhpGufonf/
323
c/
þpum;vHk;tkyfpkrsm;\t"dyÜg,frSm
1/
csD;rGrf;onf
2/
oabmwlonf
3/
aMumfjimonf (róJ 7;23)
4/
t"dXgefjyKonf
5/
0efcHonf
*/
þpum;vHk;tkyfpküqefYusifbufESifhwlaomtoHk;tEIef;ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
1/
bk&m;ocifudkcsD;rGrf;jcif;
2/
tjypfudk0efcHjcif;
þpum;vHk;wdkYonfvlom;ubk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;jcif;? rdrdonftjypfESifhjynfh
aMumif;cHpm;od&Sd&mrSay:aygufvmjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
wpfckudktodtrSwfjyKjcif;onfESpfck
pvHk;tm;todtrSwfjyK jcif;rnfayonf/
C/ þpum;vHk;tkyfpktm;"r®opfusrf;üoHk;EIef;yHkrSm1/
uwday;&eff(roJ 14;7/ wref 7;17/)
2/
wpfpHkwpfcktm;oabmwljcif;(a,m 1;20? vkum 22;6/ wref 24;14/
a[jAJ11;13)
3/
csD;rGrf;&ef(roJ11;25/ vkum10;21/ a&mr14;11/ 15;9/
4/
oabmwlonf(to assent to)
(u) vlwpfa,muftm;(roJ10;32/ vkum12;8/ a,m9;22/ 12;42/
a&mr10;9/ zd2;11/ 1a,m2;23/ Asm3;5)/
(c) or®mw&m;wpf&yf(wref23;8/ 2aum11;13/ 1a,m4;2)
5/
vlod½SifMum;aMumfjimonf
(w&m;Oya'qdkif&moabmrSbmoma&;twnfjyK
jcif;jzpfvmonf/
wref24;14/ 1wd6;16)
(u) tjypfuif;pifapjcif;(1wd6;12/ a[jAJ10;23)
(c) tjypftm;cGihfjyKjcif; (roJ3;6/ wref19;18/ a[jAJ4;14/ ,mukyf
5;16/ 1a,m1;9)
]]a,½Itm;t½Sifociftjzpf}}
NKSB ]]t½S i f o cif a ,½I } }
NASB
NRSV,TEV
NJB ]]a,½I o nf t½S i f o cif j zpf o nf / }}
4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmf\,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m0efcHrIESifha&ESpfr*FvmjyKjcif;wdkYüyg0ifaom
"r®oabmw&m;jzpfonf/ (a,mv2;32/ wref2;32-33/36/ 10;36/ 1aum 12;3/ 2aum4;5/
zd2;11/aum2;6) rSnfhac:aomemrnfa,½Ionfordkif;0ifvlom;jzpfjcif;twnfjyKonf/ (1a,m4;1324
3)/ xdktwnfjyKcsufonfwynfhawmfjzpf&efc&pfawmfESifh wlnD&efac:zdwfrItm;twnfjyKjcif;
oabmvnf;jzpfonf/
t½Sifocif- Lord tm;oHk;jcif;onf*sL;&AÁdq&mMuD;rsm;u or®musrf;pmzwf&mü YHWH tm;
/ bk&m;emrawmf 9;29üMunfhyg/
Adon [ktpmxdk;rIESifhqufpyfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
ti,f13ü½Sdonf/ a,v2;32 tmudk;um;jcif;onf4if;udktwnfjyKonf/
a,½Itm;wefcdk;MuD;aombGJUemrawmftawmfrsm;rsm;ay;tyfonf/
1/a,½IrSmar½Sd,^c&pfawmfjzpfonf-wref5;42/ 9;22/ 17;3/ 18;5?28/ 1aum1;23
2/a,½Ionfbk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfonf/ -roJ4;3?6/ wref9;20/ 13;33/ a&mr1;4/
3/a,½IrSmt½Sifocifjzpfonf-txufüMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ud k,fawmf\emrawmf
4if;onftoif;awmfüoHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;onf
yk*¾dKvftm;jzifhtwl½Sdaejcif;ESifhtvkyfvkyf
aomwefcdk;awmftwGuf"r®opfusrf;wpfckvHk;üoHk;aompum;pkwpfckjzpfonf/
4if;rSmbk&m;ocif \p½dkufawmfudkaz:jy&mpum;yHkjzpfonf/
þpum;pkonfa,½IrSmt½SifocifjzpfaMumif;&nfñTef;avh½Sdonf/ (zd2;11)
1/ a,½Itm,HkMunfaMumif;a&ESpfr*FvmcH&mü0efcHjcif;(a&mr 10;9-13/ wref2;38/8;12?
16/
10;48/ 19;5/ 22;16/ 1aum 1;13? 15/ ,mukyf 2;7)
2/ ewfqdk;armif;xkwf&mü (róJ 7;22/ rmuk 9;38/ vkum 9;49/ 10;17/ wref 19;13)/
3/ a&m*gaysmufuif;ap&mü (wref 3;6? 16/14;10/ 9;34/ ,mukyf 5;14)
4/ trIawmfjyK&mwpfckü (róJ 10;42/ 18;5/ vkum 9;48)/
5/ toif;awmfpnf;urf;Muyfrwf&mü (róJ 18;15-20)
6/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;a[majym&mü (vkum 24;47/ wref 9;15/ 15;17/ a&mr 1;5)/
7/ qkawmif;&mü (a,m 14;13-14/ 15;2? 16/ 16;23/ 1aum1;2)
8/ c&pf,mefrsm;tm;&nfñTef;jcif; (wref 26;9/ 1aum 1;10/ 2wd 2;19/ ,mukyf 2;7/
1ay4;14)/
9/ uRefawmfwYdk onfa[majymolrsm;taejzifjh zpfap? trIawmfaqmifrsm;taejzifjh zpfap? ulnDrp
olrsm;taejzifjh zpfap? tema&m*gaysmufuif;apolrsm;? ewfq;dk armif;xkwo
f rl sm; ... pojzifh
vkyfav&mwdik ;f üp½du
k af wmfwefc;dk awmf rpaxmufyHhawmfrljcif;wnf;[laomemrawmftm; jzifh
jyKMu\!
]]oif\ pdwfESvHk;xJü,HkMunf}} þpum;pkonf 0efcHjcif;ESifh tvm;wljzpfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;\
rsufESmpmwpfzufudkjyonf/ or®musrf;pmenf;us ]],HkMunfonf}} (pistis tm;txl;taMumif;t&m
4;3ESifh 4;5 wdkYüMunfhyg) pum;vHk;üatmufygwdkYyg0ifonf/
1/ vlyk*¾dKvfukd,fwdkifjzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif; (a[NAJ)
325
2/ todOmPfygifonf (*&d)
3/ qE´tavQmufqufvufaom qufuyftyfESHjcif; (w&m;a[m 30;20)
pdwfESvHk; (heart)[laoma0g[m&udk "r®a[mif;oabmjzifh vlyk*¾dKvfwpfckvHk; (cE©m? pdwf)
t"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ]]EIwf}} ESifh ]]pdwfESvHk;}} wdkYtm;þusrf;ykd'füoHk;jcif;rSm
ti,f 8 üudk;um;onfhw&m;a[m 30;14 udkyifudk;um;íjzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufonfu,fwif
jcif;&&eftoHus,fpGmqkawmif;&rnf[laomoabmr[kwfacs/
]]bk&m;ocifonfoludkvlaorsm;teufrSxaponf}} c&pf,mefonfa,½ItrSefpifppf&Sifjyef
xajrmufjcif; tay:tajcjyKonf/ (4;24/ 8;11/ 1aum 15)/ ¤if;rSmwrefawmfrsm;\a[majymcsuf
rsm;A[dkcsufor®mw&m;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ a[majymjcif; kerygma 1;2ü
Munfhyg/ wrefawmf 2;31-32/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30/ 37)/
om;awmftm;jyefxapjcif;rSm a,½I\b0toufwm? ol\oGefoifrIrsm;ESifh oljyKaomylaZmf
rIwkdYudkrdrdvufcHaMumif;twnfjyKoufaoxljcif;jzpfonf/ a,½I\jyef&SifxajrmufrlüoHk;yg;wpfql
\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg0ifaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ütwnfjyKonf/
1/ crnf;awmf wref 2;24/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30?33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr
6;4?9/ 8;11/ 10;9/ 1aum 6;14/ 2aum 4;14/ *vm 1;1/ {zuf 1;20/ aum 2;12/ 1ouf
1;10/
2/ 0dnmOfawmf - a&mr 8;11
3/ om;awmf-a,m 2;19-22/ 10;17-18/
10;10 ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}} ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;twGufbk&m;ocif\yef;wdkifrSm wpfaeYusvQif
aumif;uifbHkrSmae&efrQomr[kwfbJ? ,ckyifc&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf! BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;
taMumif;tjcm;cdkifrmaomusrf;ydk'fwpfckjzpfonf/ {zuf 1;3-14üti,f 4 wGif þor®mw&m;udk
wefcdk;BuD;pGmtcdkiftrmajymonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;udk oefY&Sif;ap&efESifh tjypfwifp&muif;ap&efa&G;
aumufjcif;jzpfonf!
a&G;aumufjcif;onfMo0g'r[kwfbJ
touf&SifyHk&Sifenf;jzpfonf/
(w&m;a[m 30;15-20)/
ti,f 10 onftav;teufjyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;yg0ifonhf r[mapckdif;jcif; (róJ 18;19-20) udk
xif[yfonf/ u,fwifjcif; (wjynfhawmfrsm;jzpfum)ESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; (oifwkdYudkigay;aom
ynwfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;vkdufem&efoGefoifyg)jzpfonf/ þuJhodkYaom tvm;wlo[mZmwjzpfrIudk
{zuf 2;8-9 üawGU&onf/ tusifhjyK&ef bk&m;ocif\ac:zdwfjcif;? {zuf 2;10 jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\ oP²mefawmfaqmifolrsm;ü tvdkawmfudkvnf;jrif&avh&Sdonf/
10;11 ¤if;rSm a[&Sm 28;16 tm;udk;um;NyD; ]]rnfolrqdk}} pum;pkudkaygvkjznfhpGufonf/ a[&Sm,
übk&m;ocif\wdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf (9;32-33) jzpfolar&Sd,udk udk;tpm;&mjyKjcif;tm;
&nfñTef;onf/ a&mr 9 onfbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmudktxl;jyKonfenf;wl tcef;BuD; 10
onf vlwpfOD;csif;wdkY\vkdtyfcsufjzpfaomrnfolrqdk? vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf c&pfawmf
tm;wHkYjyefrIjyK&eftxl;jyKajymonf/ wpfurÇmvHk;tm;ay;urf;aMumif;ti,f 4 &Sd ]]vlwdkif;}} ti,f
11?13 ü ]]rnfolrqdk}} ESifh ti,f 12 (ESpfcg) ]]tm;vHk;}} pum;vHk;rsm;onf &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf!
4if;rSm tcef;BuD; 9 &Sad &G;cs,jf cif; (BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;)ESihf "r®opfoabmt&csdecf iG v
hf Qm
nDaejcif;jzpfonf/
326
]]ol Yu dk,H kMunf}} 4if;rSm0dbwf epi ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ (4;24/
9;33/ 1wd 1;16)/ ,HkMunfjcif;[lonftpjyKwHkYjyefjcif;rQomr[kwfbJu,fwifjcif;twGuf quf
vufvkdtyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmu,fwifjcif;ay;aomrSefuefonfh"r®oabmw&m; (rSefuefaom{0H
a*vdowif;aumif;) bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaomtouf&Sifjcif; (touf&Sifaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;)
yHkpHjzpfay:apaomyk*d¾Kvfcsif;qufqHa&; (yk*d¾Kvfowif;aumif;) jzpfonf/ or®mw&m;ESifh b0
toufwmcGJxkwfum? ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifhoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tm;oD;jcm;cJGxkwfonfh vG,fulaom
{0Ha*vd0g'udkowdxm;yg/ u,fwifaom,HkMunfjcif;onfpGJNrJNyD;ajymif;vJoGm;apaom,HkMunfjcif;
rsdK;jzpfonf! xm0&toufüjrifomaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;&Sdonf!
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ,HkMunfonf-4;5 üMunfhyg/
NASB, TEV ]]pd w f y suf j cif ; rcH & }}
NKJV, NRSV ]]&S u f a Mumuf j cif ; rcH & }}
NJB ]]&S u f a Mumuf p &mtaMumif ; r&S d & }}
c&pfawmfukdudk;pm;ol (,HkMunfol) rsm;onfvrf;rSm;oGm;Murnfr[kwfacs/ 4if;rSma[&Sm
28;16tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfNyD; 9;33 üaygvkwifjycsuf\t"duaomhcsufjzpfonf/ 10;12 ]]taMumif;
rSm*sL;vlrsdK;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;tMum;uJGjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdacs/}} 4if;rSmy#dnOfw&m;opf\t"dutcsufBuD;
jzpfonf/ (a&mr 3;22?29/ *v 3;28/ {zuf 2;11-3/ 13/ aum 3;11/ wpfqlwnf;aom
bk&m;&SifonfaysmufqHk;aom rdrdzefqif;aomvlom;udkrdrd\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;jzifha&G;EIwfcJhayNyD/
olonfrdrdo@mefawmftwdkif;zefqif;aom vlowå0gtm;vHk;olYxHawmfudkcsOf;uyfvmum? olESifh
wlapvkdonf/ tm;vHk;txHawmfodkYvmEdkifygonf/
owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;ü vlom;tm;vHk;yg0ifjcif;vrf;aMumif; ESpfrsdK;xdcdkufonf/
(ti,f 12 ü]]tm;vHk;}}pum;vHk;ESpfcgoHk;onf)/
1/
*sL;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;üjcm;em;jcif;r&Sd/ tm;vHk;aysmufqHk;Muonf/(3;9?19?22-23/ 11;32)
2/
*sL;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;üjcm;em;jcif;r&Sd/ tm;vHk;u,fwifjcif;&Edkifonf/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onfu,fwifjcif;u@ü vlom;qkdif&mtwm;tqD;tm;vHk;z,f&Sm;
onf/ (a,mv 2;28-29/ 1aum 12;13/ *v 3;28/ aum 3;11)/
]]aus;Zl;awmf<u,f0awmfrl}} aygvkonfc&pfawmftxJbk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;
pOf;pm;onfhtcg ]]<u,f0}} onfqdkaompum;oHk;avh&Sdonf/ (2;4/ 9;23/ 11;12«ESpfcg»?33/ 1aum
1;5/ 2aum 8;9/ {zuf 1;7?18/ 2;7/ 3;8?16/ zd 4;19/ aum 1;27/ 2;2)/ 10;13 a,mv 2;32wdkY
rS,laomþemrnfausmfudk;um;rIüaygvkoHk;onfhtav;teufjyKrItopfESpfck&Sd onf/
1/
a,mvusrf;üoHk;onfh YHWH emrawmfudka&mrMo0g'pmüaygvkoHk;NyD;? ayw½k
onfwrefawmf 2;21 üa,½I\emrawmfudktpm;xdk;íoHk;onf/ (a,m 12;41/
a[&Sm 6;9-10/ zd 2;9/ a[&Sm 45;22-25/ a&mr 9;33 ESifh a[&Sm, 8;13-14
wdkYudk vnf;rSwfom;yg/)
2/
a,mvusrf;ü ]]u,fwifjcif;&onf}} qdk&müyuwdudk,fcE¨mudkqdkvdkum a&mr
usrf;ürl0dnmOfa&;&mtjypfvGwfjcif;ESifhxm0&u,fwifjcif;qdkvdkonf/
"r®a[mif;cH,lcsufyHkpH ]]emrawmfudkac:onf}} [kqdk&mü0wfjyKudk;uG,faomtpnf;ta0;ü
,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;tay:wifwm0efcHjcif;udkqdkvkdonf/ tvm;wlcH,lcsufudk wref 7;59/
327
9;14?21/ 22;16/ 1aum 1;2/ 2wd 2;22 wdkdYüawGU&onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ ac:onf- 1;6
üMunfhyg/
NASB
(aemuf qHk ;jyif qifaom) bmomjyef usrf ;/ / 10;14-15
14
odkYjzpfvQifrdrdwdkY,HkMunfoludk rnfuJhodkYac:Murnfenf;¿ rMum;&aomoludkrnfodkY
,H kMunfMurnfenf; ¿ a[majymolr&S dvQif rnfodkYMum;Murnfenf;¿ 15apvTwfolr&Sdygu
rnfodkYa[majymMurnfenf;¿ or®musrf;pmxJa&;om;xm;onfum; ]]aumif;aomt&mrsm;
taMumif;owif;aumif;,l vmol rsm;\ajcwdk Yonf rnfrQvSyoenf;[líjzpf\/
10;14-15/ "r®a[mif;usrf;udk;um;csufrsm;onf YHWH \owif;pum;rsm; (0g) owif;,l
aqmifvmolrsm;udk(ae[rd 9/ wref 7) wHkYjyefrIrjyKcJhbl;Mu[kqdkojzifhar;cGef;rsm;woDwwef;BuD;
jzpfay:aponf/ bk&m;ocifonfowif;ydkYolrsm;apvTwfavh&Sdonf/ (ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmfrsm;?
w&m;a[molrsm;? {0Ha*vdq&mrsm;)/ þowif;ydkYaqmifolrsm;rSmvkdtyfaom urÇmtwGuf
aumif;csD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonfowif;aumif;ydkYaqmifolrsm;udkapvTwfonfESifh tnD
Mum;emolrsm;onf owif;pum;udkaumif;rGefvHkavmufpGmwHkYjyefMu&rnfjzpfonf/ aygvkonf
a[&Sm 52;7 udkudk;um;íþtcsufudktwnfjyKonf/ aygvkonfþ"r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'ftm;owif;
aumif;a[mMum;olrsm;udk&nfñTef;jcif;tjzpfoHk;onf/
u,fwifjcif;ay;aom,HkMunfjcif;ütaMumif;jcif;&mtawmfrsm;rsm;yg0ifonf/ (1) ,HkMunf
&efowif;pum; (2) vufcHrI&&Sdrnfhyk*¾dKvf (3) tpjyKumqufvufoGm;aomaemifwESifh ,HkMunf
jcif;tm;jzifhwHkYjyefrI (4) emcHaomtoufwmESifh (5) pGJNrJjcif;(1;5 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/) wkdYjzpf
onf/
10;15 4if;rSma[&Sm 52;70 udkudk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSma&mrusrf;\r[mapcdkif;csufjzpf onf/
u,fwifjcif;onfowif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;udkMum;&jcif;ESifh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; tm;vufcH
jcif;jzpfonf/ ]]vltm;vHk;wdkY}}u,fwifjcif;&ap&ef a[majymolrsm;udkapvTwfonf/
tcsdKY*&da&S;a[mif;vufa&;usrf;wdkYü (MSS Aleph2, D, F, G ESifhtjcm;trsm;tjym;) LXX \
a[&Sm, 52;7 udjk znfph GufMuonf/ UBS4 onfyrkd w
kd akd wmif;aomrl&if;pmud]k ]A}}(aocsm) tqifh
owfrSwfonf/
NASB, NKJV
NRSV, NJB ]]ol w d k Y \ ajcrsm;rnf r QvS o enf ; }}
]]vmMujcif;onfrnfrQxl;jrwfoenf;}}
NET ]]a&muf & S d v mjcif ; rS mrnf r Qtcsd e f a wmf o enf ; }}
NET atmuf a jcrS w f p k ] ]rS e f a omtcsd e f ^ tcG i f h a umif ; tcgaumif ; üvma&muf j cif ; }}
]]vSyonf}} [laompum;vHk;udkwifpm;jcif;oabmoHk;jcif; jzpfumMunfhívSjcif;r[kwfbJ
tcsdefumvudkajymjcif;jzpfonf/
TEV
NASB
(aemuf qHk ;jyif qifaom)bmomjyef usrf;/ / 10;16-17
16
rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYtm;vHk;owif;aumif;rem;axmifcJhMuacs/ taMumif;rSma[&Smu
]]xm0&bk&m;&Sif?
uRefawmfwdkYa[mMum;onfudkrnfol,HkMunfcJhygoenf;}}
[kajym\/
328
17
xdkYaMumifh,HkMunfjcif;onfMum;&jcif;rSvmum Mum;emjcif;onfc&pfawmf\ EIwfuygwf
pum;awmfrSvm\/
10;16 rlvtm;jzifhtpöa&;twGuf YHWH \owif;pum;udk&nfñTef;aom"r®a[mif;\tem*wåd
pum;rsm;udkar&Sd,t&Sifa,½I\
owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm;&nfñTef;&efaygvkaemufwpfcg
jyefoHk;onf/
"r®a[mif;acwf*sL;rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\owif;pum;udkjiif;qefcJhMuonfenf;wl
aygvkacwf*sL;rsm;onf4if;udkjiif;qefcJhMu\/ 4if;onfa[&Sm 53;1 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf;
"r®oabmt&a[&Sm 6;9-13 üyg&Sdaombk&m;ocif\owif;pum;tm;jiif;qefjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
10;17 owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;onftpyxrü owif;pum;jzpfonf/ (*v 3;2)/ odkYaomf
a[majymaomowif;pum;onf yk*¾dKvf\pum; ]]vufcHaomc&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}}
(awm 3;15-16) jzpfvmonf/
]]c&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}} usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmt& þpum;onfc&pf
awmftaMumif;a[majymrItm;&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfayrnf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[mjcif;rSm bk&m;
ocifonfurÇmBuD;tm;c&pfawmftxJrSay;prf;aomt&mudk o,fydkYay;jcif;enf;vrf;jzpfonf/
þtcsufüa&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrff;rluGJwpfck&Sdonf/
1/
MSS P46, Aleph*, B, C, D wkdYü]]c&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}}
MSS Alephc, A, Dc, K, P wkdYü]]bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}} [líjzpfonf/
2/
eHygwfwpfrSmtawGU&tenf;qHk;jzpfojzifh (aum 3;16) rl&if;jzpfEkdifacs&Sdonf/ (4if;rSm
rl&if;pmtjiif;yGg;rI\tajccHtcsufrsm;teufwpfckjzpfonf) USB4 onf4if;udk]]A}}tqifh (aocsm)
owfrSwfonf/ 4if;udk"r®opfusrf;üwpfae&mwnf;wGifawGU&onf/ 'kwd,pum;vHk; ]]bk&m;ocif
\EIwfuywffawmf}} udkrltBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;awGU&onf/ (vkum 3;2/ a,m 3;34/ {zuf
6;17/ a[NAJ 6;5/ 11;3)
NASB
(aemuf qHk ;jyif qifaom)bmomjyef usrf;/ / 10;18-21
18
odkYaomfigqdkonfum;olwdkYMum;cJhMu&NyDr[kwfavm/
olwdkYtrSefyifMum;cJh&NyD/
]]olwdkYtoHonfajrBuD;wpfjyifvHk ;üjyefYESHYcJhNyD; olwdkUpum;onf urÇmhwpfzufpGef;wkdifatmif
19
a&mufcJhNyD/ odkYaomfigqdkonfum;tpöa&;onfrod&SdcJhoavm/ a&S;OD;pGmarma&Sqdkonfum;
vlrsdK;r[kwfaom trsdK;wpfrsd K;tm;jzifhoifwdkYudk igremvkdpdwf&Sdapumem;vnfjcif;r&Sdaom
vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;tm;jzifhoifwkdYudkigpdwfqdk;aprnf[líjzpf\/ 20a[&Sm,onf&J&ifhpGmajymonf
rSmighudkr&Smaomolrsm;onfighudkawGUMu\/ ightm;rar;jref;aomolrsm;ü igay:vGifxif&Sm;
21
\[kqdk\/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;udkwzefrdefYawmfrlonfrS mem;raxmifbJ acgif;rmaomvlrsd K;wpf
rsdK;odkYigonf wpfaeYvHk; ighvufudkqefY wef;&\[kqdk\/
10;18 þti,füajymonfrSm*sL;vlrsddK;trsm;pkwdkYonfowif;pum;udkMum;cJhMuum4if;udk jiif;
qefjcif;twGufwm0ef&SdMuonf/ (tav;teufjiif;jcif;*&dpum;pkESpfvHk;jzpfonf/ tajz ]]r}}
udkarQmfvifhonf/) jyóemrSmvpfvsL½Ijcif;r[kwfbJ wrifoufoufr,HkMunfrIjzpfonf/
aygvkonfqmvH 19;4 udk;um;onf/ þqmvHusrf;üti,f 1-6 wGifzefqif;jcif;rS
wqifhbk&m;ocifpum;ajym&mobm0w&m;tm;jzifhzGifhjyrIjzpfonf/(a&mr 1-2)/ aygvkonf
1/
pBuFm0#mwpfckvHk;\oufaocHcsufESifh (]]ajrBuD;wjyifvHk;}} ESifh ]]urÇmwzuf
pGef;wkdifatmif}})
329
2/
owif;pum;ydkYaqmifjcif;wdkYudkzefqif;jcif;\wdwfqdwfaeaomtoHrSonf owif;
aumif;a[majymolrsm; (wrefawmfrsm;? ya&mzufrsm;? {0Ha*vdq&m rsm;?
oif;tkyfESifh"r®q&mrsm;-{zuf 4;11) jzpfonfhtxl;zGihfjyjcif; (qmvH 19;8-14)
odkYajymif;vkdufonf/
t"duqdkvkdonfrSmowif;aumif;onf aygvkacwfumvüod&orQurÇmwpfckvHk; (*&da&mr urÇm) odkYysHUESHUcJhonf[líjzpf\/ aygvkonf*sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\teufzGifhjcif;yHkpHvdkufum
rdrd\"r®oabmw&m;jiif;cHkaqG;aEG;rIrsm;twGuf rl&if;"r®a[mif;usrf;rsm;udkvdktyfovdk vSnfhywf
toHk;jyKonf/ tjcm;wrefawmfwdkYenf;wlaygvkonf "r®a[mif;usrf;toHk;jyK&mü oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfonftwktEIdif;rJhvrf;jyaMumif;&Sif;vif;pGmawGU&ygonf/(2ay1;20-21)/ ,aeY,HkMunf
olrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf\em;vnfoabmaygufaprI&&SdMujcif;omjzpfNyD; "r®opfusrf;a&;om;
olrsm; \teufjyefjcif;yHkpHrsdK;toHk;rjyKEdkifMuacs/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ &S if ;vif;apjcif;/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdvlom;tm;&Sif;vif;pGmzGifhjy&ef twdwfumvüvkyfaqmifcJh
onf/ "r®oabmw&m; (Theology) ü4if;udkzGifhjyjcif;[kac:onf/ olonfrdrd\ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;
tm;rSwfwrf;wif um&Sif;vif;ay;&efvltcsdKUa&G;cs,fonf/ "r®oabmw&m;ü 4if;udkrIwfoGif;jcif;
[kac:onf/ rdrd\ EIwfuywfpum;awmfudkzwf½Iolrsm; em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ulnDbkdY
rdrd\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf awmfudkapvTwfonf/ "r®oabmw&m;ü4if;udk&Sif;vif;apjcif;[kac:
onf/ jyóemrSm bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkem;vnfoabmaygufap&mü 0dnmOfawmfyg0if
onf [kqdkvQiftb,faMumifh 4if;udkteufjyef&mü trsdK;rsdK;jzpfae&oenf;[líjzpfonf/
þjyóemüzwf½Iol\,cifem;vnfoabmaygufrI (0g) wpfOD;csif;\tawGUtBuHKrSm
wpfu@müyg0ifonf/ rdrd\udk,fydkifpDpOfrIwpf&yftm;or®musrf;pmudkoHk;um usrf;csufwpfck
wnf;jzifhtwnfjyKjcif; (0g) usOf;ajrmif;aomyHkpHjzifhazmfjyajymqdkavh&SdMuonf/ or®musrf;pmtm;
tcsdKUu@mrsm;üomrdrda&G;cs,faomyHkpHjzifhae&mayum"r®oabmw&m; (Theology) wpfrsdK;tm;
twif;vufcHapavh&Sdonf/ &Sif;vif;apjcif;ESifh rIwfoGif;jcif;ESpfrsdK;vHk;üoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf
awmfyg0ifonfrSefaomfvnf; &Sif;vif;apjcif;onf rIwfoGif;rIESifhrnDrQEdkifacs/
taumif;qHk;csOf;uyfrIrSm rl&if;pmtm;tvGeftao;pdwfum teufjyefjcif;rjyKbJpmydk'f\
t"duqdkvdk&if;udktwnfjyKajymEdkif&ef tm;xkwfbkdYjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmrl&if;usrf;jyKol\t"duor®m
w&m;udkazmfjyrIudkvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ usrf;wpfusrf; (0g) pmpkwpfcktm;tusOf;csHKUjcif;onf
rIwfoGif;cHaomrl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsufudkem;vnfEdkif&efyHhydk;onf/ rnfonfhteufjyefolrS
rIwfoGif;cH&onfr[kwfacs/ usrf;jyKol\teufjyefjcif;enf;vrf;udk uRefawmfwdkYjyefíroHk;Edkif
acs/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkYacwfürnfonfht&mudkajymjcif;jzpfaMumif;em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;Edkif½HkrQom
jzpfum? xkdodkYvnf;BudK;pm;NyD;? xdkor®mw&m;udk,aeYuRefawmfwkdYacwfumvESifh qufpyf&ef
jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmüt"dyÜg,froJuGJaom odkYr[kwfzHk;uG,fxm;aom (tcsdefumvwpfckck
rwdkif;rcsif) tpdwftydkif;tcsdKU&Sdonf/ tcsdKUusrf;ydk'frsm;ESifh taMumif;t&mrsm;tay:oabm
rwlnDrIrsm; tNrJ&Sdaernfjzpfaomfvnf; t"dutcsuftcsmusaomor®mw&m;rsm;udk&Sif;vif;pGm
330
azmfjy&rnfjzpfNyD;? rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsufabmiftwGif; wpfOD;csif;vGwfvyfpGmteufjyef
cGifhjyK&ayrnf/ teufjyefolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdonfhtvif;twdkif;vdkuf&rnfjzpfNyD;or®musrf; pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfxHrS
tvif;ydkí
rsm;rsm;&Edkif&ef
pdwfESvHk;wHcg;tNrJzGifhxm;&efvkdygonf/
bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwkdY\em;vnf oabmaygufrI tqifhtwef;ESifh xdktqifhESifhtnD
rnfodkYtouf &Sifjcif; tay:tajcjyKum uRefawmfwdkYudk w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnf/
10;19-20 *sL;vlrsdK;wkdYonf arma&Stm;jzifh owif;awmfudkMum;cJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ (ti,f 18 ESifh
19 wdkY\rSmtajz ]]r}} udkarQmfvifhaomar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfMum;cJhMu&NyDjzpf&m
vlom;wdkif;tm;bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefapjcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh,HkMunfjcif;yg0ifaom owif;pum;
udkem;vnfEdkifpGrf;&SdcJhMuonf/
þtcef;i,frsm;ü bk&m;ocifonfwpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; yg0ifjcif;taMumif;tm;rdrd\
y#dnmOfcHvlrsdK;udkajymjyonf/ 4if;udkw&m;a[m 32;21 tm;ti,f 19 üvnf;aumif;? ti,f 2021 ü a[&Sm, 65;1-2 wkdYtm;udk;um;íaygvkazmfjyonf/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;taMumif;
xdwfvefYbG,f&m þed*Hk;csKyfonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;,HkMunfvmap&efEdI;qGay;jcif; (remvdkpdwf rSwqifh)
jzpfonf/ (11;11?14)/
10;21 þazmfjyajymqdkcsufudk Septuagint(LXX) \a[&Sm 65;2 rSudk;um;jcif;jzpfNyD; y#dnOfcHvlrsdK;
awmfonf YHWH (a[&Sm 65;1-7)tm;jiif;qefcJhMujcif;ESihfqkdifonf/ bk&m;ocifrSmopöm&SdNrJ&SdNyD;
tpöa&;rSmopömrJhNrJrJhaecJhonf/ olwdkY\r,HkMunfrIonftwdwfumvwGifwpfOD;csif;wkdYenf;wltrsdK;
om;wpf&yfvHk;tm;,m,Dw&m;pD&ifjcif;cHaponf/ odkYaomfc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom
bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;jiif;qefrIonfxm0&w&m;pD&ifjcif;cHap\/
þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdk
onfrSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;
onfrdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®m
usrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSmy"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifh
usrf;a&;olrsm; tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSmþusrf;\tydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&m
rsm;tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&efyHhydk;bdkYjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJpOf;pm;qifjcifrItm;qGay;jcif;om
jzpfonf/
1/
bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIonftqHk;jzwfay;onfqdkvQifaygvkonf 10;1 ütb,faMumifh
tpöa&;twGufqkawmif;ay;cJhoenf;¿ 10;9-13 onftb,faMumifhvl\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfyHk
þrQt av;teufajymoenf;¿
2/
ti,f 4 onfbmudkqdkvdkoenf;¿ c&pfawmfonfynwfw&m;awmfudktqHk;owfapcJho
avm¿
331
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
10;9-10 txJüazmfjyyg&Sdonfh,HkMunfjcif;ürnfonfht&mrsm;yg0ifoenf;¿
aygvkonftb,faMumifh"r®a[mif;usrf;rSrMumcPtudk;tum;jyKoenf;¿ 4if;onfrl&if;
tm;jzifha&mrNrdKUwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;toif;awmfESifhrnfodkYoufqdkifoenf;¿
ti,f 11;13 onftcef;BuD; 9 ESifhrnfodkYqufpyfoenf;¿
ti,f 14-15 onfurÇmhomoemjyKvkyfief;ESihfrnfodkYqufpyfoenf;¿
vl\u,fwifjcif;üvl\vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,frIwpdwfwykdif;jzpfaMumif;tcef;BuD; 10 ürnf
odkYazmfjyoenf;¿
332
a&mr 11
UBS4
tpöa&;t<uif;tusef
11;1-10
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
u,fwifjcif;
11;11-12
11;17-24
tpöa&;rsm;e*dkaejyef
jzpfjcif;
11;25-32
NKJV
tpöa&;\jiif;qefrI
tNrJr[kwf
11;1-10
NRSV
TEV
tpöa&;\jiif;qefrI
aemufqHk;r[kwf
11;1-10
tpöa&;udkbk&m;&Sif
*½kPmoufrI
11;1-6
11;7-10
tpöa&;\jiif;qefrI
aemufqHk;r[kwf
11;11-36
11;11-12
11;13-16
tpöa&;tm;vHk;
u,fwifjcif;&rnf
11;25-32
11;11-12
wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;
u,fwifjcif;
11;13-15
11;19-24
tm;vHk;ay:bk&m;
&Sif\ *½kPmawmf
11;25-32
bk&m;&Siftm;
csD;rGrf;jcif;
11;33-36
11;33-36
11;33-36
NJB
11;1-6
11; 7-10
tem*wfü *sL;rsm;
e*kdaejyefjzpfoGm;Mu
rnf
11;11-12
11;13-15
*sL;rsm;ajymif;vJ
jcif;
11;25-29
11;30-32
*½kPmawmfESifh
ynmawmftm;
csD;rGrf;aom
"r®oDcsif;
11;33-36
ywfvnfz wf½Ijcif;taMumhoHk ; (pm xi ü Munfhyg)/
þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif;vrf;nTefrItm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdk
onfrSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onf
rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®musrf;
pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSmy"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifh usrf;
a&;olrsm; tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
þtcef;BuD;udkwpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
rdrd\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyefusrf;ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;
333
onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomh
csufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfck
jzpfNyD;? pmydk'fütaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/
yxrpmydk'f
2/
'kwd,pmykd'f
3/
wwd,pmydk'f
4/
... pojzifh
usrf;pum;tquft pyfoabmjzifhem;vnfjcif;
u/
c/
*/
a&G;aumufjcif;ESifh {0H*vdowif;aumif;tMum;qefYusifoa,mif jzpfaeyHkqufpyfrIudk
tcef;MuD;11üvnf;qufvufonf/ "r®a[mif;üa&G;cs,fjcif;rSmtrIawmftwGufjzpfjyD;"r®opf
ürlu,fwifjcif;twGufjzpfonf/ (usrf;pma0g[m&rsm;tm;tu©&mpOfvdkufjyKpkaom pmtkyf
uGefaum'if;-concordance üMunfhyg/) ,HkMunfolrsm;udkbk&m;ocif\rdom;pk0if("r®opf)
jzpfvm&efESifhtapcHrsm; ("r®a[mif;) jzpfvmap&efESpfrsdK;pvHk;twGufjzpfonfrSm ½Iaxmifhwpf
rsdK;jzpfonf/ a&G;aumufjcif;[lonfwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ESifhwpfOD;csif;ESpfckpvHk;? tjyKo
abmESifh tysufoabm (,mukyf^tpöa&;-{aom?{'Hk/ arma&S^zm½dk) ESpfckpvHk;jzpfonf/
tqHk;pGeftm;jzifhþwif;rmrIrSmbk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmESifhvlom;\vGwfvyfpGma&G;
cs,fydkifcGifhwdkYtMum;üomrubJ? bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmfudk,füwGifyif½Sdonf/ tcef;MuD;
9-11onfbk&m;ocif\ u½kPmawmfESifh usqif;aomvlom;\ykefuefrIudkxyfcgwpfvJvJ
tav;teuf jyKonf/ bk&m;ocifrSmuwdopömwnfaomfvnf;vlom;wdkYrSmopömrJhMuonf/
a&G;aumufjcif;onftcsdKYaomolwdkYudk z,fxkwf&efr[kwfbJ? (1)uwdawmfrsm; ESifh
(2) y#dnOfjyKolbk&m;\om;awmftm;wkefYjyefrIjyKolrsm;twGufarsmfvifhjcif;tkwfjrpf? vHkjcHK
rIESifh pdwfcsrItwGufjzpfonf/
aygvkonftcef;MuD; 9 ütcsKyftjcmtmPmawmfESifhbk&m;ocif\vGwfvyfrItaMumif;ajym
onf/ y#dnOfw&m;tm;jzifhqufqH&müyifbk&m;ocifrSmvGwfvyfonf/ tcef;MuD; 10ü
aygvkonfbk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;ESifhy#dnOfw&m;rsm;udk tpöa&;vufcHEdkif?jiif;y,fEdkif
aMumif;ajymonf/ olwkdYonfopömrJhum? bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;ESifh y#dnOfw&m;rsm;
udkjiif;y,faMuif;oufaoxlcJhojzifh wpfzufwpfvrf;tm;jzifhbk&m;ocifonfolwdkYudkjiif;
y,fonf/ rnfodkYjzpfaptcef;MuD; 11 ürltpöa&;\opömrJhrIa½SUarSufüyif (w&m;a[m 8)
bk&m;ocifrSmuwdopömwnfaMumif;aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/
,ckumvrSmenf;wltwdwfumvü vnf;*sL;t<uif;tusefwdkYonf,HkMunfcJhMuum? bk&m;
ocif\ar½Sd,t½Siftm;,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ aygvkudk,fwdkifOyrmwpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;
tcsdKYwdkU\r,HkMunfrIonf ,HkMunfolwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkyg0ifvmaponf/ wyg;trsdK;
om;rsm;yg0ifvmrIonf (1)bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;jynfhpHkoGm;aponf/ odkYr[kwf(2)bk&m;
ocif\ a&G;aumufrIjzpfaom*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;ESpfckpvHk;ta&twGufjynfhpHkoGm;ap
onf/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmrIonftpöa&; tm;bk&m;ocif\ar½Sd,t½Sifa,½SKudk
udk;pm;vmap&efvIHUaqmfjcif;jzpfoGm;onf/
334
C/
tcef;MuD; 9 ESifh 10wdkYrSmenf;wlaygvkonftcef;MuD; 11üvnf;"r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'ftawmf
rsm;rsm;udk;um;onf/
1/ti,f 3-4"r® 19;14
2/ti,f 4-3"r® 19;18
3/ti,f 8-a[½Sm 29;10ESifh w&m;a[m29;4
4/ti,f 9-qmvH 69;22
5/ti,f 10-qmvH 69;23
6/ti,f 26-qmvH 59;20-21
7/ti,f 27-qmvH 27;9
8/ti,f 34-qmvH 40;13-14
9/ti,f 35-a,mb 35;7? 41;11
pum;vHk;ES if hpum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;
1
odkYjzpfvQifbk&m;ocifonfrdrdvlrsdK;udkjiif;y,fjyDr[kwfavm¿
rnfonfhtcgürQ
rjzpfEdkif&m/
taMumif;rSmigudk,fwdkifvnf;
tmjA[HrSvnf;qif;oufaomA,FrdeftEG,f?
2
tpöa&;vlrsdK;jzpf\/
bk&m;ocifonfrdrdMudKíodxm;ESifhaom
rdrdvlrsdK;udkjiif;y,fawmfrrl
odkYr[kwf {vd,utpöa&;trsdK;wpfbufübk&m;ociftm;rnfodkYavQmufxm;aMumif; or®m
3
usrf;pmygtcsufudkoifrodoavm/
xm0&bk&m;? olwdkUonfudk,fawmf\ya&mzufrsm;udk
owfMuygjyD/ udk,fawmf\,Zfykv’ifrsm; udkjzdKzsufMuygjyD/ uREfkyfwpfa,mufxJusefaeí
4
uREfkyf\toufudkyif&ef½SmMuyg\[kqdk\/
odkYaomfolYudktb,fodkYAsm'dwfay;oenf;¿
5
Amva½SYü'l;raxmufaomvlckESpfaxmifwdkYudk
ightbdkYig<uif;usefapjyD[krdefYawmfrl\/
xdk
6
enf;wl,aeYumvüvnf;aus;Zl;awmfESifh tnDa&G;cs,folt<uif;tusef½Sdao;\/
odkYaomf
4if;rSmaus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhjzpfvQif
tusifhudktajccHjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/
odkYr[kwfvQif
aus;Zl;awmfonfaus;Zl;awmfrrnfay/
1;1 ]]bk&m;ocifonfrdrdvlrsdK;ud ky,fjyDr [kwfavm}} þar;cGefonftajz ]]r}}udkarQmfvifhonf/
aygvkonfþar;cGef;udk ti,f 1-10twGif;tajzay;onf/ þuP²onfapmapmutusdK;
taMumif;jyumaygvkaqG;aEG;cJhjcif;ESifhqufpyfae&ygrnf/ tcef;MuD; 9-11 rSmpmpkwpfckjzpfum?
aMumif;usdK;jyíqufwdkufaqG;aEG;rIjzpfonf/
]]jiify,f}}qdkaompum;vHk;onfrlvtm;jzifh]]jiif;qefonf}} ]]vGifhypfonf}} [lít"dyÜg,f½Sd
onf/ 4if;rSm (AORIST MIDDLE) (usrf;usdefíxGufqdkaomoufao) INDICATIVE jzpfonf/
toHk;jyK&musrf;csufrsm;rSm1/ wrefawmf 7;39-arma½S\acgif;aqmifrIjiif;qefaom oJuEÅm&xJutpöa&;
2/ wrefawmf 13;46-owif;aumif;{0H*vdaygvka[majymonfudkjiif;y,faomydod'de,f?tEÅDtkwf
jrdKUw&m;Z&yfrS*sL;rsm;
3/ 1wd 1;19-jiif;qefumrdrdwdkY\,HkMunfjcif;oabmtm;ysufpD;oGm;apol{zufjrdKUtoif;om;tcsdKU
(Oyrm-[kareJESifh tmavÈ´K)
335
onftpöa&;udkrpGefYy,facs/ tpöa&;uomrdrdwdkY\tqufrjywfem;raxmifrI? ½kyfwk
qif;wkudkudk;uG,frIESifh,ckenf;ynmOya'ojzifholwdkUudk,folwdkYajzifhrwfapjcif;jzifh YHWH udkpGefY
y,fMuonf/
tapmydkif;*&daypmvufa&;rl P46 ESifhpmvHk;MuD;usrf; F ESifh G wdkYü]]vlrsdK;}} tpm;]]tarGawmf}}
[líyg½SdyHkrSmpdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;jyD; LXX \qmvH94;14rSudk;um;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ UBS4 onf
]]vlrsdK;awmf}} udk (A) ESifhtqifhaocsmay;onf/
]]rnfonfhtcgürQrjzpfEdkif&m}} 4if;rSmrSef;qaomjiif;qefaomol\ar;cGef;rsm;udkjiif;qefjcif;
tjzpfaygvkoHk;aomxl;jcm;rIwpfckjzpfonf/ (a0zefjiif;qefpm 3;4?6?31/ 6;2?15/7;7?13/9;14/
11;1?11)
]]igudk,fwdk ifv nf; ...tpöa&;vl rsdK;jzpf \}} ,HkMunfaom<uif;usefol*sL;rsm;½SdaMumif;
aocsmap&ef aygvkonfrdrdudk,frdrdazmfjyonf/ aygvk\*sL;aemufcHordkif;tus,fcsJUazmfjyyHkudk zd
3;5 üMunfhyg/
11;2 ]] bk&m;ocifonf rdrd \vlrsdK;udkjiif;y,fawmfrrl}} 4if;onf qmvH 94;14 (w&m;
31;6/ 1"r® 12;22/ 3"r® 6;13/ jrnfwrf; 3;31-32) udk&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ti,f 1&Sd
ar;cGef;\ wdusaomtajzjzpfonf/
]]rdrdBudKíodxm;ESifhaom}} 4if;rSmtpöa&;udkbk&m;ocifa&G;aumufaMumif;ay:vGifaom &nfñTef;
csufwpfckjzpfonf/ 8;29 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ti,f 4-6 enf;wltcef;BuD; 9 \ usdK;
aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rIudkjyef,ljcif;jzpfonf/ aomhcsufrSmtpöa&;\vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfbJ bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrdZmwdtay:opöm&Sdjcif;rSm
tpöa&;\vkyfaqmifrI
aMumifhr[kwfbJ? rdrdrnf oljzpfjcif;taMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ (a,Z 36;22-32)/
]]or®musrf;pmygtcsuf}} 4if;rSm ti,f 3 üudk;um;onfh 3"r® 19;10 wGifa,ZaAvxHrS
{vd,xGufajy;oGm;jcif;taMumif;&nfñTef;csufwpfckjzpfonf/
11;4 ]]vlckESpfaxmifwkdYudkightbdkY<uif;usefapNyD}} a[NAJvufa&;usrf;\ 3"r® 19;18 ü
]]ightbdkY}}rygacs/ (aygvkonf MTESifh LXX udkrudk;um;acs)? bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIav;eufap&ef
aygvkjznfhpGufvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ 3"r® 19;18 onfopöm&Sdolt<uif;tusefrsm;udk bk&m;ocif\
a&G;cs,frI½IaxmifhrSMunfhjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; Amvudkudk;uG,frIaMumifh jiif;y,fcH&rI½Iaxmifhjzifh
r[kwfacs/
aygvkt"duazmfjyvdkonfhrSm tvd,\acwfü½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,fol? opömrJhaomtpöa&;
vlrsdK;rsm;xJüyif ,HkMunfolvltenf;pk&SdaMumif;jzpfonf/ aygvkacwfüvnf; ,HkMunfolt<uif;
tusef*sL;rsm;&Sdonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 9;27-28 üMunfhyg)/ acwfumvwdkif;ü ,HkMunfjcif;
w&m;udk wHkYjyefol *sL;tcsdKU&SdNrJjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolþ*sL;rsm;udk bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfESifh
aus;Zl;awmfonf cGeftm;ay;cdkifcHhapaMumif; aygvkazmfjyonf/ (i,f 5?6)/
]]Amva½SUü}} 4if;rSm£w¬dvdif (tremrf) jzifhaz:jyaomykv’dif(tzdkemrf)jzpfonf/ wpfyg;trsdK;
om;wdkY\ewfbk&m;rsm;udkjyuf&,fjyKonfhtaejzifh xdkemrnfAsnf;pmvHk;rsm;xJüa[jAJ£w¬dvdifjzpf
aom ]]t&Suf}} [kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonfhbosheth pum;vHk;üyg0ifaomo&rsm;udkxnfhoGif;avh½Sdonf/
11;5-6 4if;wkdYrSmaomhcsufusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/4if;udk"r®a[mif;usrf;xJbk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrI
rsm;udkvuf½SdtajctaeESifhqufpyfay;onf/ uGif;qufrSm bk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmftm;jzifha&G;
aumufjcif;jzpfonf/ (9;15?16?18/11;30?31?32)/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfrSmyxrt&ifusaomf
YHWH
336
vnf;vlom;\,HkMunfrIvdktyfonf/(rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16?19/20;21)/ odkYaomfvl\xdkufwef
rIay:tajcjyKjcif;vHk;0r[kwfacs/ ({zuf2;8-9/2wd1;9/ wdwk3;5)/ aygvk\usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rI
jzpfaomtcef;MuD;wpfavQufüor®mw&m;rsm;onftjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;onf/
11;6 ]]odkYr[kwfvQif}} 4if;rSmyxrwef;pm;cRif;csuf0gusrsdK;jzpfumpma&;oltjrifrSm rSefonf[k
rSwf,lxm;jcif;(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;rSmbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfaMumifhjzpf
onf/ (3;24 rSwfcsuf? 6;23/ {zuf2;8-9wdkYudkMunfhyg/)
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf; KJV onf ti,f 6 tqHk;owfpum;pkü ]]odkYaomftvkyfaMumifhjzpfvQif?
4if;rSmaus;Zl;awmfr[kwfawmh/ odkYr[kwfvQiftvkyfonf tvkyfrrnfawmhacs/}} [kqdkumjznfhpGuf
onfþpum;pkonf/ a&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ P46, Aleph, A, C, D,G (0g) P ESifh
a&S;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;üryg&Sdaomfvnf; þpum;pkonf uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtoGif
ESpfrsdK;jzifh Aleph ESifh B wdkYüyg&Sdonf/ xdkpum;pkcsefxm;jcif;udk UBS4 onf ]] A }}tqifh (aocsm)
owfrSwfonf/
NASB (aemuf q H k ; jyif q if a om) bmomjyef u srf ; / / 11;7-10/
7
odkYjzpfvQifrnfodkYenf;¿ tpöa&;onf rdrd&SmazGaeaomt&mudk r&vdkufaomfvnf;
a&G;cs,f jcif;cHolrsm;&&SdMuum usefaomolrsm;acgif;rmMuonf/ 84if;rSmor®musrf;pmü
]]bk &m;ocifonf olwdkYtm;rd kufrJaompdwf0dnmOf? rjrifaomrsuf pd ES ifh rMum;aomem;ud k
9
,aeYwdkifatmifay;awmfrl\}} [lía&;om;xm;onfhtwdkif;jzpfonf/
xdkYjyif'g0dwfajym
onfrSm ]]olwdkY\pm;yGJonfausmhuGif;ESifh axmifacsmuf? cvkwfwkdufap&mESifh olwkdYtm;
jyefí 'ku©jyK&mjzpfygap? 9olwkdYrsufpdrjrifapjcif;iS g arS mifrdkuf apNyD; ol wdkY\ausmrsm;
tpOfukef;ygap}} [kqdk\/
11;7 ]]tpöa&;onf rdrd &Smaeaomt&mudkr&vdkuf}} þ0gusudk *&dusrf;xJü yxrxm;um
aygvk\tawG;udktav;teufjyKonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;trsm;tjym;wdkYonfbk&m;ocifESifh rSefuef&ef&SmazG
Muumbmoma&;yGJvrf;obifrsm;? vlrsdK;a&;tcGifhxl;rsm;ESifh rdrdukd,fwdkifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIjzifh
vdkufcJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfrdrdwdkYyef;wdkifESifh vGJacsmfoGm;cJhMuonf/ rnfonhfvlom;rQ bk&m;ocif
a&SUawmfür0g<um;&acs/ (1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;9)/
NASB ]]od k Y a omf a &G ; cs,f j cif ; cH o l r sm;&&S d M uonf } }
NKJV ]]od k Y a omf a &G ; aumuf o l r sm;&&S d M uonf / }}
NRSV ]]a&G ; aumuf o l r sm;&&S d M uonf / }}
TEV ]]&&S d o l r sm;rS m bk & m;ocif a &G ; cs,f a omtk y f p k i ,f u av;omvQif j zpf o nf / }}
NJB ]]od k Y a omf a &G ; cs,f o l v l tenf ; i,f r QuomvQif } }
4if;rSm"r®a[mif;t,ltq ]]t<uif;tusef}} jzpfum (txl;taMumif;t&m 9;27-28 üMunfh
yg) þae&mü 3"r® 19;18 yg 7000 wkdYudk&nfñTef;onf/ aomhcsufrSmvlom;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI
vlrsdK;EG,f (0g) bmoma&;udkif;½Idif;rIr[kwfbJ (i,f 6) a&G;aumufjcif;twGif;bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl; awmfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;3-14)/
]]usefaomolrsm;acgif;rmMu\}} 4if;rSmAORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ (2aum
3;14)/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkacgif;rmaponf[kqdkvdkonf/ (ti,f 8-10)/ pdwfrmapolrSm
pmwefrm&fewfjzpfonf/ (2aum 4;4)/ ]]rmaponf }} (poroo) rSmaq;zufoHk;a0g[m&jzpfum
337
tom;rm;wwfjcif; (0g) rsufpduef;jcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 11;25/ 2aum 3;14/ {zuf4;18)/ þ
a0g[m&udkyif rmuk 6;52 üwrefawmfrsm;ESifh qdkifíoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm 9;18 uuGJjym;jcm;em;aom
*&da0g[m&jzpfum (sklērunŌ) *½kPmawmfESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf (a[NAJ 3;8? 15/ 4;7)/
4if;rSmtvGef&Sif;vif;um 11;1-6 \tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYonf a&G;cs,fcH
um,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ a&G;cs,fjcif;rcHolrsm; acgif;rmMuonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtcef;i,fudk "r®
oabmw&m;a<u;aMumfoHtjzpfoD;jcm;a&;om;azmfjyjcif;r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSm "r®oabmw&m;qkdif&m
usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rI\tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonfh or®mw&m;ESifh
tcef;BuD; 10 utm;vHk;NcHKaomac:zdwfrIwdkYtMum;üwif;rmrI&Sdonf/ þae&müvQdKU0SufzHk;uG,frI
&Sdonf/ odkYaomftajzrSm ESpfckpvHk;ñSdEdIif;&efr[kwfonfenf;wl ESpfoufp&mraumif;aom a&G;cs,f
p&mESpfckjzpfonf qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,miftpGef;ESpfzuftm;ao;i,fcsHKUoGm;ap&efvnf;r[kwf
acs/
11;8-10 þtcef;i,frsm;udk a[&Sm, 29;10 (i,f 8)? w&m;a[m 29;4 (ti,f 8? odkYaomf
a[NAJvufa&;usrf; MT odkYr[kwf LXX rSr[kwfacs/) ESifh qmvH 69;22-23 (i,f 9-11) wkdYrS
,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdYonf a[&Sm, 6;9-13 wGifykefuefoltpöa&;xHodkYa[&Sm,tm;
apvTwf&efac:zdwfrItm;xif[yfaponf/ a[&Sm,onf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmfudk jyefMum;
ay;rnfjzpfaomfvnf;bk&m;ocif\vlrsdK;onf rwHkYjyefEdkif? wHkYjyefjcif;rjyKvdkacs/ aygvkrSm 9;13?15?
17 wkYd rSm enf;wltcsdKUaomolwYdk ub
kd &k m;ocifrmaMumapjcif;twGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;udkpl;pdkufaejcif;
jzpfonf/
11;8
]]bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkrdkufrJaompdwfay;\}}
NRSV, NJB ]]bk & m;ocif o nf ol w d k Y u d k xd k i f ; rd k i f ; aompd w f a y;\}}
TEV ]]bk & m;ocif o nf ol w d k Y\ pd w f E S i f h E S v H k ; tm;awG a 0rd k u f r J a ponf } }
þ*&dpum;vHk; (katanuxis)udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomoHk;um tvGeftm½Hkzrf;pm;jcif;
jzifhpdwfudkxHkxdkif;aprItwGufoHk;onf/
11;10 ]]olwkdYrsufpdrjrifapjcif;iSgarSmifrdkufapNyD;? olwkdYausmrsm;tpOfukef;ygap}} ¤if;rSm
AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE
vdkufvmonfh AORIST PASSIVE IMPERATIVE wpfck
jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSmbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfESifh vlom;\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfyHk\ vQdKU0Suf
zHk;uG,faomt&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;\rlv&if;jrpf? t&mcyfodrf; tm;tpjyKol
jzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfjzifh trdefYxkwfjyefonfrSmrdrdzefqif;jcif;\ txG#f
txdyfvlom;rsm;onfrdrdtm;vGwfvyfpGmwHkYjyefapvdkíjzpf\/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkHYjyefrIrjyKol
rsm;onfrdrdwdkY\r,HkMunfrItxJcdkifrmapjcif; (olwkdY\a&G;cs,frI? tqHk;owfjcif;jyKrI) cHMuonf/
4if;ESifhwqufwnf;ü aygvkonftm'H\uav;rsm;tm;vHk;a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\xm0&tpD
tpOfudkazmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;\r,HkMunfrIonf wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf ,HkMunfjcif;wHcg;zGifh
ay;vdrfhrnfjzpfNyD;? tpöa&;vlrsdK;wdkY\ remvdkrIonfolwdkYukd e*dkrlvtajctaeoYdkjyefa&muf
apvdrfhrnf! ¤if;rSmz,f&Sm;&ef pDrHcsufr[kwfbJ?yg0ifap&ef ({zuf2;11-3;13)pDrHcsufjzpfonf/
rmaMumjcif;onf ydkrkdBuD;rm;aom&dwfodrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/ (Oyrm -zg½dk)!
NASB, NKJV
338
NASB
(aemuf qHk;jyif qif aom) bmomjyef usrf;/ / 11;11-16
11
odkYjzpfvQifigqdkonfum; tpöa&;vlrsKd;wdkYonf vJatmifcvkwfwdkufMuonfr[kwf
avm¿ rnfonfhtcgürQrjzpfEdkif&m! odkYaomfolwkdY\vGefusL;rIaMumifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;
12
twGufu,fwifjcif;a&mufvm&m ¤if;rSmolwkdYudkremvdkpdwf&Sdap&efjzpfonf/ ,ckolwkdY\
vGefusL;jcif;onf
avmuDom;wdkYtwGuf<u,f0rIjzpfum?
olwdkY\vJjcif;onfwpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;twG uf <u,f0rI jzpfonfqdk vQifolwdk Y\ jynfhpHk jcif; onf ydkíjzpf OD; rnfr[kwf
13
avmh !
odkYaomf igonfwpfyg;trsdK;om;jzpfaom oifwkdYudkajymjcif;jzpf\/ wpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonfE SifhtnD? ig\trIawmfvkyfief;udktrGrf;wif
14
um?
ig\trsdK;om;csif;rsm;udkwenf;enf;jzifh
remvdkpdwfjzpfapEdkifygujzpfapvQuf?
15
tcsdKUaomolwkdYudku,fwifEdkif&efjzpfonf/
taMumif;rlum; olwdkYudkjiif;qefjcif;onf
avmuDom;wdkYtwGuf jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;jzpfonfqdkvQif? olwdkYtm;vufcHjcif;onf
aojcif;rStouf&Sifjcif;jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwfavm¿ 16tOD;e,faomrkYHoefY&Sif;vQif? rkefYpdrf;
vnf;oeYf&Sif;onf/ tjrpfoefY&Sif;vQif? tudkif;rsm;vnf;oefY&Sif;onf/
11;11 ]]okYdjzpfvQif? igqdkonfum;}} ¤if;rSm 11;1 enf;wla[majymrIynmqdkif&mpum;pkjzpfonf/
¤if;rSm"r®oabmw&m;tm;usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;&mwGif aygvkoHk;aomenf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ti,f
1-10 wGiftpöa&;tm;vHk;bk&m;ocifrjiif;y,faMumif;ajymum? ti,f 11-24 ürltpöa&;\jiif;y,f
cHjcif;onftNrJr[kwfaMumif;ESifh ¤if;rSm&nf&G,fcsufESifh jzpfaMumif;ti,f 11-24 üajymygonf/
¤if;rSwpfqifh wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmMuonf/
NASB ]]vJ a tmif c vk w f w k d u f M uonf r [k w f a vm
NKJV,NRSV
TEV
NJB
¿}}
]]vJ&rnftaMumif;cvkwfwdkufcJhMuNyDr[kwfavm¿ }}
]]*sL;wdkYcvkwfwdkufonfhtcg ysufpD;&efvJMuonfr[kwfavm¿ }}
]]*sL;wkdYtNrJvJcJhMuNyDavm odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkuf rdMu½Hko avm¿ }}
tajz ]]r}} udkarQmfvifhonf/ tpöa&;\r,HkMunfrIrSmtNrJr[kwfacs/
NASB ]]ol w d k Y \ vG e f u sL;jcif ; }}
NKJV ]]ol w k d Yv J j cif ; rS w qif h } }
NRSV ]]ol w d k Y c vk w f w d k u f r d j cif ; rS w qif h } }
TEV ]]ol w d k Y tjypf j yKMujcif ; aMumif h } }
]]olwk dY\vJ jcif;}}
usrf;pum;tquftpyft& ¤if;onfa,½Itm;ar&Sd, t&Siftjzpf*sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\ jiif;y,frI
udk&nfñTef;onf/
]]wpf y g;trsd K ;om;wd k Y t wG u f u ,f w if j cif ; a&muf v monf } } ¤if;onfyxr&mpkESpf *sL;rsm;
twGuf rnfrQxdwfvefYbG,f&mazmfjyrIjzpfvdrfhrnfenf;/ (i,f 12/ wref 13;46/ 18;6/ 22;21/
28;28)/
]]ol w d k Y u d k r emvd k p d w f & S d a p&ef } } 10;19 ESifh 11;14 wkdYüvnf; ]]remvdk}} [laoma0g[m&
awGU&onf/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvm&efbk&m;ocif\tpDtpOfü &nf&G,fcsufESpf&yf&Sdonf/
NJB
339
1/
vlom;pkwpf&yfvHk;tm;bk&m;ocifa&G;EIwfjcif;/
2/
aemifw&olt<uif;tusef tpöa&;tm;wpfOD;csif; ,HkMunfrIjyefvnf&Sdapjcif;/
uREfkyftaejzifhrl # 2yg&Sdjcif;&Sdr&Sd roJuGJacs/
1/
uyfumv\tqHk;ü *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\jyefvnfEdk;Mum;rI (Zm 12;10)/
2/
yxr&mpkESpfESifh &mpkESpfwdkif;&Sd *sL;vlrsdK;,HkMunfolrsm;/
3/
acwfopfumvar&Sd,*sL;bk&m;ausmif; (*sL;,HkMunfol) rsm;rSm xdkuwdawmfjynfhpHkrIjzpfEdkif
onf/
340
11;12-14 þtcef;i,frsm;ü *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ r,HkMunfrIESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ ,HkMunfrIwdkY qufpyfaom
cRif;csufyg0guswpfq,fck &Sdonf ti,f 12? 14? 15? 16? 17? 18? 21? 24 wdkYrSm yxrwef;pm;
cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;?
4if;wdkYrSm
pma&;ol\tjrifrS
rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;jcif;odkYr[kwf
ol\
pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 22ESifh23wdkYrSmrl wwd,wef;pm;cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;? tem*wfü vkyf
aqmifEdkifacs&SdaMumif; azmfjyrIjzpfonf/
11;12
NASB “olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;onf
ydkíjzpfrnfr[kwfavm”
NKJV “olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;onfrnfrQydkí”
NRSV “olwdkYtjynfhtpHkyg0ifjcif;onf rnfrQydkí t"dyÜg,f”
TEV “odkYjzpfvQif*sL;vlrsdK;OD;a& tjynfhtpHkyg0ifonfhtcg rnfrQydkrkdBuD;rm;aom aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpf vdrfhrnf
enf;”
NJB “olwdkYtm;vHk;ajymif;vJjcif;onf rnfrQydkí tusdK;jzpfxGef;rnfudk pOf;pm;Munfhyg”
teufjyef&eftcuftcJqHk;rSm “olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;” [laom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ qdkvdk&if;rSm (1)
u,fwifjcif;&&Sdol*sL;rsm; ti,f 14?16? odkYr[kwf (2) ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;teuf
aemufqHk;ydwf ta&twGufavmh¿
11;13 “igonfwyg;trsKd;om;jzpfaom oifwdkYukdajymjcif;jzpf\” tcef;BuD; 9-11 onf “*sL;wdkYonfar&dS
,t&Sifudk tb,faMumifhjiif;qefcJhMuoenf;” qdkaom ar;cGef;udk tajzay;onfh pmpkwpfckjzpfonf/ rnfodkY
jzpfap aygvkonfþMo0g'pmxJ? olYwifjyrI\ þae&mü þar;cGef;ar;&ef tb,faMumifh cHpm;&
oenf;[laom ar;cGef;rSmrl qufvufusef&Sdaeayonf/
ti,f 13-24?25 onf a&mrNrdKYtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; tMum; vlrsKd;a&;
jyoemudk xif[yfae[ef&Sdonf/ ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh ,HkMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;Mum;üavm¿? odkYr[kwf?
,HkMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh r,HkMunfol *sL;rsm;tMum;avm raocsmay/
“igonfwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonf” aygvkonfwyg;trsKd;om;rsm; urÇmodkY
trIawmfvkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef zdwfac:cH&aMumif;ppfrSefpGm cHpm;&onf/ (wref 9;15? 22;21? 26;17/ a&mr
1;5/ 15;16/ *vm 1;16/ 2;7?9/ 1wd2;7/ 2wd4;17)

NASB, NKJV “ig\trIawmfvkyfief;udk
igtrGrf;wif”
NRSV
“ig\trIawmfvkyfief;udk igcsD;ajrSmuf”
TEV
“ig\tvkyfü ig0g<um;rnf”
NJB
“apvGwfcH&jcif;udk ig*kPf,lonf”
“trGrf;wif” (tus,fcsJY) qdkaoma0g[m&\ t"dyÜg,frSm
(1) aus;Zl;wif&Sdjcif; (2) 0g<um;jcif; odkYr[kwfjzpfEdkifonfrSm (3) wpfpkHwpf&mtm; taumif;qkH;
tjzpfEdkifqkH;jzpfapjcif;tm;
qdkvkdjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
¤if;onfvnf;
a&mrNrdKYtoif;awmfwGif;
jyoemwpf&yfudk ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonf (1) wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; tapcH&jcif;udk
341
0rf;omonf/
odkYr[kwf
(2)
ol\
trIawmfvkyfief;onf
r,kHMunfolusL;rsm;udk
remvdkpdwfjzpfay:apjcif;jzifh olwdkYu,fwifjcif;&&Sdaponfudk jrifonf/ (i,f 11;14 ESifh 9;1-3)/
11;14 ]]tcsKdUaom olwdkYu,fwif}} ¤if;rSm owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf aygvktm; zdwfac:rljzpfonf/
tcsdKUaom olwdkUonf owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIjyKum (1aum 1;21) tcsKdUwdkYurl xdkodkY
jyKMurnfr[kwfaMumif; aygvkod&Sdonf/ (1aum 9;22) ¤if;rSm a&G;aumufjcif;\ vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faom
t&mjzpfonf/ ("r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opf)!
11;15 ("r®a[mif;acwfu a&G;cs,faom (ti,f 1 ESifhuJGjym;aomtjcm;pum;vkH;) tpöa&;tm;jiif;y,fjcif;onf
vlom;tm;vkH; (kosmos) a&G;cs,f&ef bk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnf\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\
udk,fudkudk,f ajzmifhrwfapjcif;? vlrsKd;pJGrmeESifh enf;Oya'o0g'onf ,kHMunfjcif;vdktyfrIudk jyif;xefaponf/
(9;30-33) YHWH ESifh ol\ ar&Sd, tm; ,kHMunfjcif;onf rSefuefaom em;vnfjcif;\ aomhcsufjzpfum?
vlom;\ bmoma&;vkyfaqmifrI r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf tpöa&;tm; jiif;y,fjcif;onf vlom;xkwpf&yfvkH;tm;
a&G;cs,f&ef tMuHtpnfawmfjzpfaMumif;owd&yg/ *sL;jzpfap *sL;r[kwfolwyg;trsKd;om;jzpfap vlom;taejzifh
rmewufp&m taMumif;r&Sdacs/ þonfrSm a&mrtoif;awmfMum; od&efvdktyfaom owif;pum;yifjzpfonf!
]]avmuDom;wdkY jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;}} ¤if;rSm "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh ]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} ESifh
qifwljzpfonf/ aygif;pyf a0g[m&rSm kata taygif; alasso jzpfNyD; (ajymif;vJonf? toGifajymif;onf) [lí
jzpf\/ ¤if;onf &efvdkjcif;tm; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vJvS,fjcif;jzihf rsufESmomjyef&jcif;udk &nfnTef;onf (a&mr
5;11/ 11;15/ 2 aum? 5;18? 19)/ bk&m;ocifonf {'if rdwfo[m,jzpfrI jyefvnf&&Sd&ef BudK;pm;onf/
tjypfonf xdkrdwfo[m,udk ysufpD;apcJhaomfvnf; c&pfawmfonf ,HkMunfjcif; usifhoHk;ol? usqif;aom
vlom;wdkif;ü bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfudk jyefvnfjzpfay:aponf/ jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;ESifh
vufoifhcHjcif; &&Sdaponf/ (ti,f 15 ESifh usrf;NydKif jzpfonf)/ xdk&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIudk vlom;jyef
r,lEkdifaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocif jyef,lEdkifum? ,lvnf; ,lcJhonf/
]]odkYaomf
aojcif;rS touf&Sifjcif;odkY}} usrf;pum; tquftpyf oabmt& tpöa&;vlrsdK;udk
ajymjcif;jzpfojzifh
1/ tpöa&;tm; trsdK;om;xk wpf&yftaejzifh jyefvnfxlaxmifvmrIudk &nfnTef;jcif;avm¿
2/ *sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ ]]eHygwftjynfhtpHk}} udk &nfnTef;jcif;avmh¿ (0dnmOf tpöa&; 9;6/
11;25-26)/
3/ uyfumvtopf\ b0jzpfaom (6;13) jyef&Sifxajrmufaom b0udk ajymjcif;avm¿
uREkfyfonf #3 udk oabmusygonf/ uREkfyf\ taMumif;jycsufrsm;twGuf ]]tjywfqHk;jzwfay;aom
ed'gef;ysdK;aqmif;yg;}} (Crucial Introductory Article) tm; tcrJh tGefvdkif; www.freebiblecommentary.org wGif
Asm'dwfusrf; teufzGifhusrf;wGif Munfhyg)/
11;16 ]]tOD;qHk;e,faomrkefY oefY&Sif;vQif rkefUpdrf;vnf; oefY&Sif;onf/}} ¤if;rSm yxrqef;pm; cRif;csuf
0gusrsdK;jzpfum pma&;oltjrifrS rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif; (0g) ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ awmvnf 15;1721 tm; &nfnTef;onfh "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tOD;oD; (odkYr[kwf q,fbdkY wpfbdkY)qdkif&m cH,lcsufESifhqifwlaom
wifpm;rI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ tOD;oD;rsm;onf &dwfodrf;aomoD;ESH wpfckvHk; bk&m;&Sif ydkifqdkifaMumif; jyo&ef
ay;vSLjcif; jzpfonf/
342
a&S;acwf ,HkMunfol*sL;t<uif;tusefwdkYonf olwdkY\ trsdK;om;xk wpf&yfvHk;tm; tusdK;oufa&muf
vsuf &SdaeqJ jzpfonf/ (urÇm 18;27-33? 2 &mZ0if 7;14)/ ]tOD;e,faom rkefY} [laom wifpm;azmfjyrIonf
]tjrpf} [laom wifpm;azmfjyrIESifh tvm;wljzpfum (a,& 11;16-17) ESpfrsdK;pvHk;onf opöm&Sdaom tpöa&;?
txl;ojzifh "r®a[mif;usrf; (i,f 28) ueOD;bdk;ab;rsm;udk &nfnTef;ygonf (tjrpf - ti,f 16-17)/
NASB
(aemufqHk; jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/
17
/ 11;17-24
odkYaomf tudkif;tcsdKUwdkY ckwfjzwfjcif; cHum? oHviG fyift½dkif;jzpfaom oifhtm; ¤if;wdkYtxJü qufí
pdkufojzifhoHvGifyiftjrpf\ <u,f0rIudk olwdkYESifh wJGzufí &&Sdoljzpfvmygu? 18tudkif;rsm; tay:r0g<um;ESifh/
odkYaomf 0g<um;ygu oifonf tjrpfudk raxmuf tjrpfuomoifhudk axmufjcif;jzpfonf/ 19oifonf
]]igqufí pdkufEdkif&ef tudkif;rsm; ckwfjzwfcH&onf}} [kqdkvdrfhrnf/ 20olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIaMumifh
ckwfjzwfcH&onfrSm rSeaf omfvnf; oifonf oif\ ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh &yfwnfonf/ rdrdudk,frdrd
txifrBuD;bJ? aMumufwwfavmh/ 21tMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf obm0tudkif;rsm;udk rnSmwmygu?
oifhudkvnf; n§mwmvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ 22xdkYaMumifhbk&m;ocif\ oem;MuifemrIESifh cufxefrmausmjcif;udk
Munfhyg/ vJaomolrsm;tay: cufxefrmausmaomfvnf; oifonf oem;Muifemawmfrljcif;ü qufaeygu
oifhtay:bk&m;ocifoem; Muifemonf/ odkYr[kwfvQif oifhudkvnf;ckwfjzwfvdrfhrnf/ 23olwdkYonfvnf;
rdrdwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIü rqufvufbJaecJhMuygu? qufí pdkufysdK;jcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm
bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudk jyefí qufpdkuf&ef wwfpGrf;Edkifonf/ 24tb,faMumifhqdkaomf obm0tm;jzifh
oHvGifyift½dkif;jzpfaom oifhudkckwfjzwfum obm0ESifh qefYusifvsuf? oHvGifyifü pdkufjcif;cH&onfqdkvQif
obm0tudkif;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fydkifoHvGifyifü tb,frQ ydkrdkqufum pdkufysdK;OD;rnfenf;¿
11;17-24 tHhMobG,f&myif þpmydk'f&Sd ]]oif}} you qdkonfrSm tenf;jyyk'fjzpfonf/ (i,f25ü
rltrsm;jyyk'fjzpfonf) ¤if;onf bmudkqdkvdkoenf;¿
1/ wyg;trsdK;om;wpf&yfvHk;tm; yHkaqmifcsuftjzpfwyg;trsdK;om;wpfa,muf
2/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm; Mum;acgif;aqmifjyóemaMumifh ,ckvuf&Sdwyg;
trsdK;om;acgif;aqmifudk &nfnTef;onf (i,f 18-20)
11;17 ]]ygu}} 11;12-24 rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/
]]tudkif;rsm;ckwfjzwf}}
¤if;onf
]]obm0tudkif;rsm;}} ti,f 12)
r,HkMunfoltpöa&;rsm;udk
&nfnTef;onf/
(i,f
18?19?
 ]]oHvGifyift½dkif;}} ¤if;onf owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;a[majymrIwHkYjyefrIudkjyKaom ,HkMunfolwpfyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/
 ]]qufí pdkufjcif;cH&onf}} aygvkonf ti,f 16ü pcJhaom pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m wifpm;rIudk qufvuf onf/
oHvGifyif ½dkif;\ tcufrsm;udk cdkifchHNyD; tyifwpfyifay: qufí pkdufysdK;jcif;onf txGufwdk;aponf/ (i,f 24)
 ]]tjrpf\ <u,f0rI}} vufa&;pm\ vHk;aphywfaph pum;pkrSm ]]tqD\tjrpf^ tqDtjrpf}} jzpfonf/
(UBS4 ) onf MSS/Aleph, B, Cü awGY&aom4if;udk
343
]]bD}} tqifh (aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/ þa&m,SufaerIudk &Sif;vif;ap&eftm;xkwfaom
*&dvufa&;usrf; tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary in the Greek New Testament, p.
526).
 ]]oHvGifyif}} ¤if;rSm tpöa&;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; yHkaqmifcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ qmvH 52;8/ 128;3
a,&? 11;16/ a[ma&S? 14;6) ¤if;rSm *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;
"r®a[mif;usrf;\ 'kwd,ajrmufwifpm;rIjzpfonf/
qufoG,frI
azmfjyonfh
11;18 ]]tudkif;rsm; tay:r0g<um;ESifh}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE jzpfNyD;
qufvufjzpfay:aeNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck &yfwHah ponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sd avh&Sdonf/ þusrf;csuftjyif
ti,f 13? 20? 25 wdkYonf a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum; jyóemwpfck
&Sdonf[k qdkvdk&ma&mufonf/
11;19-20 ti,f19onf tjcm;a0befpm (jiif;qefol&Sdae[ef) wpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;rsm; jiif;y,fawmfrl
cH&jcif;taMumif; aygvk&Sif;vif;onf/ ¤if;rSm olwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIaMumifhjzpfNyD; wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; ydkí
cspfawmfrljcif;cH&aomaMumifh r[kwfacs/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmf(urÇm 3;15) ESifh
olwdkY\ ,HkMunfrIaMumifhom yg0ifvmMujcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonfvnf; remvdkaom *sL;rsm; bk&m;ocifxHodkY
jyefvm&ef taMumif;&if;jzpfay:apEdkifMuonf/ (ti,f 11?14)
11:20
NASB ''odkYaomfoifonfoif\ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh &yfwnfonf/}}
NKJV ''oifonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh &yfwnf\/}}
NRSV ''odkYaomfoifonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom&yfwnf\/}}
TEV ''oifonf ,HkMunfojzifh ae&müqufvufaepOf}}
NJB ''oifonftcdkiftrm qkyfudkifaeqJjzpfonfqdkygu oif\,HkMunfjcif;udk
aus;Zl;wif&efomjzpfonf/}}
¤if;rSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap ¤if;rSm cRif;csuf
0gusq,fcktxJyg0ifonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&SYawmfarSmufü uRefawmfwdkY &yfwnfaejcif;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh
jzpfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufvufaeonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;&yfqdkif;ygu? uRefawmfwdkY\ &yfwnfcsuf
&yfqdkif;onf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf (1),HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpjyKwHkUjyefjcif; (2) ,HkMunfjcif;ü
&Sdaomtaetxm; (3) ,HkMunfjcif; qufvufaejcif;ESifh (4) aemufqHk;wGif,HkMunfjcif; tjrifhqHk;odkY
a&muf&Sdjcif;^ NyD;qHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;rsm; teuf wpfckwnf;udkomvQif pl;pdkufaom
"r®oabmw&m;wpfckcktm; owdxm;yg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;twGuf oHk;aom *&dumvjy
Bud,mrsm; 10;4 üMunfhyg/
bk&m;ocifonf u,fwifjcif;pxGifol? tpjyKol? axmufrolESifh NyD;qHk;apoljzpfaomfvnf;
y#dOmOfw&m;\ abmiftwGif;üjzpfonf/ olonf tjypfjynfhaom þvlom;rsdK;EG,ftm; þjzpfpOf\
ajcvSrf;wdkif;ü aemifwESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKum? qufvufwHkYjyefoGm;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ olonf
emcHjcif;? c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;ESifh pGJNrJjcif;arQmfvifhonf/


NASB ]]udk,fudkudk,ftxifrBuD;bJ? aMumufwwfavmh}}
NRJV ]]armufrmjcif;r&SdbJ? aMumufwwfavmh}}
344
NRSV ]]xdkYaMumifhrmerBuD;bJ? xdwfvefYtHhMoavmh}}
TEV ]]¤if;aMumifhrmerBuD;ESifh/ xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; aMumufavmh}}
NJB ]]oifhudkrmeBuD;aponfxuf? aMumufap&ygrnf}}
þazmfjycsufESpfckpvkH; PRESENT IMPERATIVE rsm; jzpfonf/ t&ifyxrrSm NEGATIVE
PARTICLE jzpfjyD; qufuyfcJhNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwhHoGm;jcif;[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdavh&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf
a&mr toif;awmf twGif; jyóemwpfck&SdaMumif;azmfjyonf/ aMumuf&rnfhtaMumif;&if; ti,f 21ü
azmfjyonf/
11;21 ]]oifhudkvnf; nSmvdrfhrnfr[kwf}} tpöa&;onf r,kHMunfjcif; rmejzifh YHWH xHrS xGufoGm;um?
,kHMunfjcif;w&m;udk pGefYy,fí ckwfypfjcif;cHcJh&onfenf;wl? toif;awmfonf rmewufum? rdrdudk,frdrd
ajzmifhrwfapjyD;? c&pfawmftm;,kHMunfjcif;udk pGefYvGwfygu ckwfjzwfcHvdrfhrnf/ tpjyKaom ,kHMunfjcif;udk
,kHMunfaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHonfvdkufygvm&\/ (róJ 13;1-13/ rmuk 4;1-12/ vkum 8;4-10) rmeudk
qufvufckcHoGm;&ygrnf/ uRefawmfwkdYrSm aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh jzpfonftwdkif;yifjzpfMujyD; c&pfawmfudk
,kHMunfudk;pm;oltm;vkH;ESifh nDtpfudkcsif;jzpfMuonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /,kHMunfjcif;udk pGefYy,fjcif;
(Aphistēmi)
*&da0g[m& aphistēmi rSm t"dyÜg,f us,fjyefYaom pum;vkH;wpfckjzpfonf/ t*Fvdyfa0g[m& apostasy
onf þa0g[m&rS qif;oufvmNyD;? acwfopfpm½Iolrsm;twGuf ¤if;\ okH;EIef;ykHrSm xifaMu;trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/
MudKwifí t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufay;rIrsm;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmuomvQif t"dyÜg,f
em;vnfEdkif&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/
¤if;rSm aygif;pyf a0g[m&wpfckjzpfum ]]rS}} (0g) ]]ta0;}}[lí t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom apo ESifh ]]xdkifonf}}
]]xonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]wyfqifonf fix (owfrSwfonf? pJGNrJaponf)[kt"dyÜg,f&aom histēmi tm;
aygif;pyfjcif; jzpfonf/ "r®oabmr[kwfaom atmufygtokH;tEIef; wdkYudk Munfhyg/
1/ ½kyf0w¦Ktm;jzifh z,f&Sm;jcif;
(u) AdrmefawmfrS? vkum 2;37
(c) aetdrfrS? rmuk 13;34
(*) vlwa,mufrS rmuk 12;12/ 14;50/ wrefawmf 5;38
(C) t&mtm;vkH;rS róJ 19;27?29
2/ EdkifiHa&;t&z,f&Sm;jcif;? wref 5;37
3/ qufpyfrIz,f&Sm;jcif;? wref 5;38/ 15;38/ 19;9/ 22;29
4/ w&m;Oya't& z,f&Sm;jcif; (vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;) w&m; a[m 24;1?3 (LXX) ESifh "r®opf róJ 5;31/
19;7/ rmuk 10;4/ 1aum 7;11/
5/ ta<u;z,f&Sm;jcif; róJ 18;24
6/ xGufcGgoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh roufqdkifaMumif; jyojcif;? róJ 4;20/ 22;27/ a,m 4;28/ 16;32
7/ rxGufoGm;bJ aejcif;jzifh oufqdkifrIjyojcif; a,m 8;29/ 14;18
8/ cGifhjyKonf/ róJ 13;30/ 19;14/ rmuk 14;6/ vkum 13;8/ "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh ¤if;\
Mud,mudkvnf; us,fjyefYpGm okH;onf/
(1) tjypf&Sdjcif;udk z,fzsufonf? cGifhvGwfonf? tjypfvGwfonf/ xGuf 32;32 (LXX)/ awmvnf 14;19/
a,mb 42;10 ESifh "r®opfü róJ 6;12?14-15/ rmuk 11;25-26
345
(2) tjypfudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;? 2wd 2;19
(3)xGufoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh vpfvsL½Ijcif;
u/ ynwfw&m;awmf? róJ 23;23/ wref 21;21
c/ ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;/ ayZ 20;8 (LXX)/ vkum 8;13/ 2ouf 2;3/ 1wd 4;1/ a[jAJ 2;13
acwfopf,kHMunfolrsm;onf "r®opfa&;om;olrsm; pOf;pm;cJhbl;jcif;&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfaom "r®oabm
w&m; ar;cGef;rsm;pGmar;Muonf/ 4if;wdkYteufwpfckuyif acwfopfumvwGif ,HkMunfjcif;rS z,fcGm oGm;vdkpdwf
jzpfay:apvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;txJ0ifygu? olwdkYüwpHkw&m jzpfyGg;cJholrsm; or®musrf;pmxJ&Sdonf/
u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
1/ axmufvSrf;olwpfq,fha,mufwdkY\ owif;ydkYcsufMum;&olrsm;/ awmvnf 14? a[NAJ 3;16-19/
2/ aum&? awmvnf 16
3/ {vd\om;rsm;? 1"r2?4
4/ a&Smvkrif;? 1"r11-31
5/ ya&mzuftwkrsm; (\Oyrmrsm;)
(u) w&m;a[m 13;1-5/ 18;19-22 (ya&mzuftwkjzpfaMumif;od&ef enf;vrf;rsm;)
(c) a,&rd 28
(*) a,Zausv 13;1-7
6/ ya&mzufrtwkrsm;
(u) a,Zausv 13;17
(c) ae[rd 6;16
7/ qdk;oGrf;aomtpöa&;acgif;aqmifrsm; (\Oyrmrsm;)
u/ a,&rd 5;30-31/ 8;1-2/ 23;1-4
c/ a,Zausv 22;23-31
*/ rdum 3;5-12
c/ "r®opfusrf;
1/ þ*&da0g[m&rSm (apostasize) jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf r<uvmrDjyif;xefaom
qdk;oGrf;rIESifh rSm;,Gif;aom oGefoifrIrsm;jzpfay:rnftaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ESpfckpvkH;utwnfjyKonf/ (roJ
24;24/ rmuk 13;22/ wref 20;29?30/ 2ouf 2;9-12/ 2wd 4;4) þ*&d[m&onf roJ 13/ rmuk 4ESifh vkum
8 wdkYü awGU&aom rsKd;aphMuJjcif; Oyrmyga,&Iajymonfh pum;vkH;rsm;udk xif[yfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ tqdkyg
rSm;,Gif;aom q&morm;wdkYrSm c&pf,mefr[kwfMuaMumif;aocsmaomfvnf; (toif;awmf) txJrSyif
jzpfMuonf/ (wref 20;29-30/ 1a,m 2;19) rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYonf r&ifhusufaom ,kHMunfolrsm;udk
jzm;a,mif;zrf;pm;EdkifpGrf;&SdMuonf/ (a[jAJ 3;12)
"r®oabmw&m;t& ar;cGef;rSm xdkrSm;,Gif;aom q&morm;wdkYonf ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfcJhMubl;oavm[l
jzpfonf/ a'oEÅ& toif;awmfrsm;xJyif rSm;,Gif;aom twkta,mifq&morm;rsm;&Sdaeojzifh þar;cGef;rSm
ajzqdk&cufcJonf/ (1a,m 2;18-19)/ rdrdwdkY\ "r®oabmw&m; ESifh *dkPf;*e tpOftvm wdkYonf
þarcGef;ar;cJhMuaomfvnf; wdusaom usrf;taxmuftxm;rygacs/ (rdrd\ wzufapmif;eif; t,l0g'tm;
346
twnfjyK&ef usrf;csufwcsuftm; 4if;\ usrf;pum;tquftpyfudk r,lbJ? udk;um;jcif;jyKMu&kHom&Sdonf)
2/ jrifomaom ,kHMunfjcif;
(u) ,k'? a,m17;12
(c) ewfq&m&Sdrkef? wrefawmf 8
(*) roJ 7;13-23 u ajymaomolrsm;
(C) roJ 13/ rmuk 4/ vkum 8 xJuvlrSm;
(i) a,m[ef 8;31-59u *sL;rsm;/
(p) 1wd 1;19-20 u [kareJESifh tmavujEK
(q) 2wd 4;10 xJu 'dr
(Z) 2wd 2;19-22/ ,k' 12-19 u q&morm;twkta,mifrsm;
(ps) tEDÅc&pf 1a,m 2;18-19
3/ toD;rJhaom ,kHMunfjcif;
(u) 1aum 3;10-15
(c) 2ay 1;8-11
þ udpö uRefawmfwdkYpOf;jcif;jyKavhr&SdMuacs/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwdkY\ enf;pepfus "r®oabmw&m;
systematic theology onf nTefMum;xm;onfh tajzrsm; (uJvfAift,l0g'? tmareD t,l0g'—pojzifh)
udkom tm&kHaqmifoifay;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ uREfkyftm;þudpöudk wifjyvmjcif;aMumifh tjypfwifrapm&ef
arwÅm&yfcHyg&ap/
uRefawmf\
qE´rSm
oifhavsmfvkHavmufaom
teufzGifhjcif;vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;jzpfapvdkrIjzpfonf/
uREkfyf\qE´rSm
or®musrf;pmtm;
rdrdwdkYudk
pum;ajymcGifhjyK&efESifh
wiful;csrSwfxmaom "r®oabmw&m;wpfcktwGif; 4if;udk ykHpHoGif;&ef rMudK;pm;Mua&;twGufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSm
tcH&cufum? xdwfvefYMuonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkawmf uRefawmfwdkY\ "r®oabmw&m; theology onf
*dkPf;*e? xkH;wrf;pOfvm (0)) awmfpyfrI? qufpyfrI (rdbrsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;? oif;tkyfq&m) rsm; tm;jzifh
omvQifjzpfum or®musrf;enf;r[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;txJ vltcsKdUwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\
vlrsm;txJryg&ef&SdMuonf/ (a&mr 9;6)
11;22 ]]bk&m;ocif\ oem;Muifemjcif;ESifh cufxefrmausmjcif;}} bk&m;ocif\ vrf;rsm;onf usqif;cJhNyD;aom
vlom;twGufqefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifxif&avh&Sdonf/ (a[&Sm 55;8-11)/ uREkfyfwdkY jyKonfh
a&G;cs,frIkwdkif;ü tusKd;qufrsm;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;aumufjcif;onf vlom;\ wm0ef&SdrIudk ry,facs/
tpöa&;vlrsKd;tm; a&G;aumufjcif;onf olwdkYwpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf u,fwifrIudk tmrcHay;jcif; rjyKacs/
]]oifonf oem;awmfrIjcif;ü qufaeygu}}
4if;rSm present subjunetive ygaom wwd,wef;pm;
cRif;csufyg0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ þ o'´gzJGUpnf;ykH\ t"dygÜ ,frSm wyg;trsKd;om; ,kHMunfolrsm;\ qufvufrIrSm
cRif;csufESifhjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ (4if;rSm a&mr 9 &Sd bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmawmf\
tjcm;wzufjzpfonf) uREkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif; pGJjrJ&ef ZJG&SdMu&ygrnf/ (zd 2;12-13)/ 4if;rSm
wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;taejzifhjzpfap? wpfOD;csif;taejzifhjzpfapZJG&Sd&efjzpfaMumif;&nfnTef;onf/ (*v 6;9/ Asm
347
2;7/ 17/ 3;6?13?22) 4if;rSm or®musrf;pmxJutpkvdkufESifh wpfOD;csif;tvdkufESifhqdkifaom vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,f
onfht&mESifh wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ uwdawmfrsm; (bk&m;ocif\ tusifhp&dkufawmfây:tajcjyK) ESifh y#dOmOfw&m
(vlom;\ wkHYjyefrIay:ajcjyK) rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJ&efvdktyfaMumif; 8;25 Munfhyg/
11;23 4if;onf ti,f 22\ o'´goabmESifh "r®oabmw&m;ykHpHudk vdkufonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYaemifw&um?
,kHMunfMurnfqdkvQif yg0ifoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ wyg;trsK;om;wdkY qufvufjyD;? r,kHMunfMuygu
jiif;y,fcHMuayrnf/ (ti,f20)/ c&pfawmftm; tpjyK,kHMunfjcif;ESifholYtm; qufuyf,kHMunfjcif;
ESpfckpvkH;ta&;MuD;onf/
NASB
25
nD\tpfudkwkdY oifwdkYonf udk,fudkudk,ft[kwfMuD;rxifrdMuygrnftaMumif;? wyg; trsKd;om;wdkY
pkHvifoGm;onftxd? tpöa&;wdkYtay: wpfpdwfwpfydkif;rmausmrIjzpfay:jcif;wnf;[laom þvQKdU0Suf zkH;uG,f
csuftaMumif;rodbJ aejcif;igigtvdkr&Sdacs/ 26xdkYjyiftpöa&;tm;vkH; u,fwifjcif; &&SdMuvdrfhrnf/
or®musrf;pmü
a&;om;onfrSm
]]u,fvGwfolonfZt
d kefrSaa&muf&Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ olonf ,mukyf\
27
bk&m;w&m; r&dkaorIudk z,f&Sm;vdrfhrnf/ olwdkYtjypfrsm;udk ig,loGm;aomtcg ig\ y#dOmOfw&m;rSm þt&m
yifjzpfonf/ 28owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;rS MunfhvQif oifwdkY tusKd;tvdkYXg? olwdkYonf &efolrsm; jzpfMu\/
odkYaomf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSMunfhvQif bkd;bGm;wdkYaMumifh olwdkYrSm cspfawmfrIolrsm;jzpfMu\/
29
taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifrsm;ESifh ac:zdwfjcif;udk jyefvnf &kyfodrf;jcif;rjyKacs/ 30taMumif;rSm
oifwdkYonf ,cifu em;raxmifolrsm;jzpfcJhMuaomfvnf;? olwdkY\ em;raxmifjcif;aMumifh ,cktcg
*&kPmawmfjyocHMu&\/ 31xdkenf;wl olwdkYonfvnf; ,ck em;raxmifMujcif;rSm oifwdkYtm;jyoaom
*&kPmawmfaMumifh? olwdkYonfvnf; *&kPmawmfjyojcif; cHMu&rnftaMumif;jzpf\/ 32taMumif;rlum;
bk&m;ocifonf tm;vkH;aom olwdkYukd *&kPmawmfjyEdkif&ef? tm;vkH;aom olwdkYudk em;raxmifjcif;ü
csKyfxm;awmfrl\/
11;25 ]]oifwdkY... rodbJaejcif;Xgigtvdkr&Sd}} 4if;rSm aygvkokH;aom pum;vkH;wJG tokH;tEIef;rsm; (idiom) \
xl;jcm;rIjzpfonf/ (1;13/ 1aum 10;1/ 12;1/ 2aum 1;8/ 1ouf 4;13)/ if;onf
ta&;MuD;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;aqG;aEG;rItpysKd;ay;avH&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm a,&IoHk;aeustpjyKpum; ]]igtrSef
tuefqdkonfum;}} (Amen, Amen) ESifh qifwlonf/ taMumif;t&mopfwpfcktm;tcsufjy&ef aygvk
tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/
NASB, NRJV
NRSV ]]vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,fcsuf}}
TEV ]]vQKdU0Sufaom or®mw&m;wpfck}}
NJB ]]þtaMumif;rsm;tm;vkH;aMumifh zkH;uG,f&aom
taMumif;&if;wpfck/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faomt&m
usqif;jcif; (urÇm 3) rwdkifrDuyif vlom;tmm; a&G;EIwf&ef wpkwaygif;wnf;aom &nf&G,fcsufwpfck
bk&m;ocifü &Sdonf/ þtpDtpOf\ t&dyft>rufazmfjyrIrsm;udk "r®a[mif;usrf;ü
zGifhjyxm;onf/ (urÇm
3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6 ESifh ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü) odkYaomf 4if;\ tpDtpOf\tjynfhtpkHrSm
&Sif;uif;jcif;r&Sdacs/ (1aum 2;6-8)/ a,&IESifh 0dnmOfawmf<uvmjcif;onf 4if;udk ydkrdk
ay:vGifaponf/
348
a&G;EIwfjcif;\ þtpDtpOftjynfhtpkHudk azmfjy&ef aygvkonf ]]eufeJaomt&m}} (vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faomt&m)
pum;vkH;okH;avh&Sdonf/ (1aum 4;1/ {zuf 6;19/ aum 4;3/ 1wd 1;9)/ odkYaomf olonf þa0g[m&udk
t"dyg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh okH;onf/
1/ wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; yg0ifEdkif&ef tpöa&;tm; wpfpdwfwpfydkifrmausmapjcif;/ wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;
tpkvdkuftjyKvdkuf0ifvmjcif;onf a,&Itm; tem*wÅda[mMum;csuf\ c&pfawmfjzpfaMumif;
*sL;rsm;vufcHvmap&ef ,EÅ&m; wpfckyrmtvkyfvkyfvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 11;25-32)
2/ c&pfawmftxJESifh c&pfawmftm;jzifh tm;vkH;yg0ifMuukefaom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; owif;aumif;
{0Ha*vdw&m;udk Mum;odaponf/ (a&mr 16;25-27/ aum 2;2)
3/ c&pfawmf'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmcsdef,kHMunfolrsm;\ udk,fcE¨mopfrsm; (1aum 15;5-57/ 1ouf
4;13-18)
4/ t&mtm;vkH;c&pfawmftxJaygif;pnf;vkdufjcif; ({zuf 1;8-11)
5/ wyg;trsKd;rsm;ESifh *sL;rsm; tarGawmfcHazmfcHbufrsm;jzpfjcif;/ ({zuf 2;11-3/ 13)/
6/ c&pfawmfESifh toif;awmf\ &if;ESD;aom qufpyfrItm; vufxyfxdef;jrm;jcif; qdkif&ma0g[m&rsm;jzifh
azmfjyjcif; ({zuf 5;22-33)
7/ y#dOmOfcHvlrsKd;txJwpfyg;trsKd;rsm;yg0ifapum? c&pfawmfESifhwlaom &ifhusifhrIjzpfay:ap&ef c&pf
awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfudef;0yfjcif;/ 4if;rSm usqif;aom vlom;txJysufpD;oGm;cJhonfh bk&m;ocif\
o@mefawmftm; (urÇm 6;5? 11-13/ 8;21) / vlom;xJjyefvnf&,ljcif;jzpfonf/ (u 1;26-27/
5;1/ 9;6/ 8;21/ aum 1;26-28)
8/ uyfumvtqkH; tEDÅc&pf (2 ouf 2;1-11)
9/ þvQKdU0SufeufeJrI\ tusOf;csKyfwpfcktm; toif;awmf\ ueOD;umvwGif 1wd 3;16 awGU&onf/
]]udk,fudkudk,f t[kwfMuD;rxifrdygrnftaMumif;}} þae&m vnf;a&mrtoif;awmf (rsm;) &Sdwif;rmrI\
tjcm;t&dyft>rufwpfck&Sdonf/ (i,f 18)/

NASB
]]tpöa&;wdkY wpfpdwfwpfydkif;rmausmrIjzpfay:}}
NKJV ]]tpöa&;wdkY tpdwftydkif;tm;jzifh rmausmrIjzpfay:}}
NRSV ]]tpöa&;tcsKdUü rmausmrIa&muf&Sdvm}}
TEV ]]tpöa&; vlrsK;drsm;\ acgif;rmjcif;onf tjrJr[kwf}}
NJB ]]tpöa&; tydkif;wpfydkif; rsufrjrifjzpfvm}}
þazmfjyrIonf tcef;MuD; 11 wpfckvkH;ESifh qufpyfae&ayrnf/ ,kHMunfol *sL;tcsKdU&SdcJhjyD;?
xdkenf;wlqufvuf&SdaeOD;rnf/ þ,m,Drsufrjrifjcif;udk bk&m;ocifEdI;qGay;jcif;jzpfonf (i,f 8-10)/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf *sL;rsm;onf a,&Iudk jiif;y,fjcif;aMumifh jzpfjyD;? 4if;onf vlom;tm;vkH; a&G;EIwf&ef
bk&m;ocif\ tpDtpOfESifh tH0if*Gifusjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf u,fwifjcif;udk
uwday;onf/ (urm 3;15)/ tm;vkH;udk qufqH&ef olonf tmjA[Hudk a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ (urÇmOD; 12;3)/
olonf tm;vkH;udk qufqH&ef tpöa&;udk a&G;cs,fonf/ (xGuf 19;5-6/ txl;taMumif;t&m 8;28 Munfhyg/)
tpa&;onf rmefrme?opömrJhjcif;ESifh r,kHMunfrIrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdtm; cdkif;aprIudk ysufuGufoGm;cJhonf/
bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;udk ay;aom rdrdaumif;csD;r*FvmrS tqifh wyg;trsKd;om;urÇmudk qufqHvdkonf/
(w&m;a[m 27-29)/ tpöa&;onf xkdy#dOmOfw&m;udk rapmihfxdef;Edkifojzifh bk&m;ocif\ ,m,D
w&m;pD&ifrIcH&onf/ ,cktcg bk&m;ocifonf þw&m;pD&ifrIudkyif vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh
a&G;EIwf&ef rdrd\ rlv&nf&G,fcsufjynfhpkHapa&;twGuf okH;onf/ (30-31/ a,Z 36;22-38)/
349
]]wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY pkHvifoGm;onftxd}} tvm;wla0g[m& (pleroma) udkyifti,f12ü *sL;rsm;twGuf
okH;onf/ xdkti,fESpfckpvkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ MudKwifod&SdrIESifh a&G;aumufjcif;taMumif; ajymonf/
]]onftxd}} [laom pum;onf þwyg;trsKd;rsm;twGuf uefUowfxm;aom tcsdefumvudk ajymonf/
(vkum 21;24)/
11;26 ]]tpöa&;tm;vkH; u,fwifjcif;&&Sdvdrfhrnf}} teufjyefjcif;ESpfrsKd;&SdEdkifonf/
1/ 4if;onf tpöa&;udk trsKd;om;wpf&yftaejzifh &nfnTef;onf/ *sL;wpfa,mufcsif;r[kwfbJ? ordkif;\
u@wpfck&Sd *sL;trsKd;om;trsm;pkjzpfonf/
2/ ¤if;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m tpa&;jzpfaom toif;awmfudk wpfrsKd;wpfzkH&nfnTef;onf/
aygvkonf þoabmudk a&mr 2;28-29/ *v 6;16/ 1ay 2;5?9/ Asm'dwf 1;6 wdkYü okH;onf/
tcef;i,f 12 u ]]*sL;a0pktjynfh}} ESifh tcef;i,f 25u ]]wyg;trsKd;a0pktjynfh}} wkdYü tvm;wl qufpyfrI
&Sdonf/ ¤if;onfonf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frItjriftm;jzifh ]]tm;vkH; tjynfh}} jzpfjyD;? wpfOD;csif;
tjriftm;jzifhr[kwfacs/ oHvGifyif uwdawmfonf wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif jynfhpkHoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
teufzGifhq&mtcsKdUonf þusrf;\ &nfnTef;csufrSm tpöa&; omvQif jzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
1/ tcef;MuD; 9-11\ taMumif;t&m oabmt&
2/ ti,f 26-27 \"r®a[mif;udk;um;csufrsm;t&
3/ ti,f28 &Sd&Sif;vif;aom azmfjycsuft&jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[H\ obm0
tquftEG,frsm;tm; cspfaeqJjzpfum? u,fwifjcif;&&Sdapvdkonf/ olwdkYonf c&pfawmfudk
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vmMu&ayrnf/ (Zmc&d 12;10)/
rmausmaom þ*sL;rsm; wkHUjyefrIjyK&ef aemufqkH;tcGifhta&;&MuOD;rnfaomqdkonfh ar;cGefudkrl
þusrf;csufjzpfap? tjcm;usrf;csufrsm;tm;jzifh jzpfapr&Edkifacs/ uRefawmfwdkY tar&duefrsm;onf
wpfOD;csif;qdkif&mar;cGef;rsm; ar;avhar;x&SdMuaomfvnf; or®musrf;pmu rIwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ay:
pl;pdkufavh&Sdonf/ þar;cGef;ESifhtvm;wl ar;cGef;tm;vkH; bk&m;ociftwGuf csefxm;&efomjzpfonf/ olonf
rdrdcspfaom zefqif;jcif;tay: rSefuefayvdrfhrnf/
]]or®musrf;pmü
a&;om;onfrSm}} ¤if;onf *&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint rS
udk;um;csufESpfckudk nTef;onf/ a[&Sm 59;20-21 (i,f 26) ESifh 27;9 (i,f 27) wdkYjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;
,EÅ&m;rSm ar&dk,t&Sifjzpfol a,&Itm;,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;ü pDrHcsuf A om vQif &SdjyD; B [l r&Sdacs/
u,fwifjcif;&&ef vrf;wpfvrf;wnf;omvQif &Sdonf/ (a,m 10;7-18/ 11;25-29/ 14;6)/
11;27 ti,f 27ü udk;um;aom a[&Sm 27;9onf tpöa&;tm; uwdawmjynfjyefay;jcif;ESifhtwl (i,f 1-11)
tpOftvmtm;jzifh &efoljzpfaom wpfyg;trsKd;rsm;yg 0ifaprnftaMumif; (i,f 12?13) zdwfac:rIrsm;ESifh
aygif;pyfonf/ þjyefay;jcif;onf xdktwdkif;yuwdjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif? þtem*wÅdpum;onf tESpf
wpfaxmifumvudk jynfhpkHapEdkifvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;onf ykHaqmifcsufjzpfcJhygrI y#dOmOfw&m;opf? owif;aumif;
{0Ha*vdw&m;\ vQKdU0Sufcsufjzpfaom? bk&m;ocif\ ar&Sd,tm;,kHMunfjcif;jzifh aygif;pnf;xm;aom *sL;ESifh
wpfyg;trsKd; (toif;awmf) onf yef;wdkifjzpfayrnf/ ({zuf 2;11-3;13)/ ¤if;rSm qkH;jzwf&efcufcJonf/
tcsKdU"r®a[mif;tem*wdÅpum;rsm;onf y#dOmOfw&m;opfjzpfaom toif;awmftwGuf jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;
opöm rJhaomfvnf; (a,Z 36;22-36) bk&m;ocifrSm rIrdrduwdawmfrsm;ay: opöm&SdjrJ&Sdaeonf/
11;28 þti,fonf a&G;aumufjcif;\ rsufESmpmESpfbufudk &nfnTef;onf/
350
1/ "r®a[mif;wGif a&G;aumufjcif;onf trIaqmif&Guf&ef jzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonf vlom;udk a&G;EIwfjcif;tMuHawmftwGuf vlom;udkyif tokH;jyKonf/
2/ "r®opfusrf;wGif a&G;aumufjcif;onf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;ESifh xm0&u,fwifjcif;wdkYESifh
qufpyfonf/ þu,fwifjcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;aom vlom;tm;vkH;rSm
yef;wdkif;jzpfaeusjzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15)
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ uwdawmf rsm;ay: opöm&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;acwf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh
"r®opfoefY&Sif;olrsm;twGuf rSefaomt&mjzpfonf/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ opöm&SdrIjzpfjyD;? vl\
opöm&SdrIr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmfjzpfjyD;? vlom;\ aqmif&GufrIr[kwfacs/ a&G;aumufjcif;\
&nf&G,fcsufonf aumif;csD;r*FvmjzpfjyD;? z,fxkwfjcif;r[kwfacs/
]]olwdkYrSm bkd;bGm;wdkYaMumifh cspfawmfrlolrsm;jzpfMu\}} ¤if;rSm xGuf 20;5-6ESifh w&m;a[m 5;9-10/ 7;9
wdkYrS uwdawmfjzpfonf/ rdom;pkwdkY aumif;csD;cHpm;&onfrSm ,cifrsKd;qufrsm;\ ,kHMunfrIaMumifhjzpfonf/
tpöa&;aumif;csD;cHpm;&onfrSm opöm&SdoltrsKd;\ ueOD;acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; (bkd;bGm;rsm;) aMumifhjzpfonf/
(w&m;a[m 4;37/ 7;8/ 10;15) ar&Sd,onf ,k'trsKd;rS zGm;jrifawmfrlrnftaMumif;'g0d'fudk ay;aom
uwdawmfjzpfonf/ (2"r 7)/ odkYaomf ]]xdkopöm&Sdol}} rsm;yifvQif ynwfw&m;awmfudk jynfhpkHpGm rvdkufem?
rapmifhxdef;EdkifcJhMu[kqdk&ayrnf/
(a,Z
36;22-36)/
pkHvifjynfh0aom
,kHMunfjcif;r[kwfbJ
,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom wpfOD;csif;\ ,kHMunfjcif;? rdom;pk\ ,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf
vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpfum? rdom;pkrsm;rS wpfqifhvufqifhurf;&ef tvm;tvm&Sdaom ,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/
(1aum 7;8-16)
11;29
NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]]taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifrsm;ESifh ac:zdwfjcif;udk jyefvnfjyifqifí r&acs/}}
TEV
]]taMumif;rSm
bk&m;ocifonf
rdrda&G;cs,faomolrsm;ESifh
aumif;csD;ay;aom
olrsm;udk
jyefvnf&kyfodrf;jcif;rjyKacs/}}
NJB
]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ vufaqmifrsm;udk jyef,ljcif;? rdrd\ a&G;cs,frIudk jyefvnf &kyfodrf;jcif;
rnfonfhtcg rQ rjyKcJhacs/}}
4if;onf vlwpfOD;csif;odkYay;aom 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ (1aum 12) "r®a[mif;?
"r®opfxJ u,fwifjcif;uwdawmfrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ a&G;aumufjcif;rSm xda&mufonf/ bk&m;ocif\
opömawmfrSm tpöa&;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh (rmv 3;6) ESifh 0dnmOfa&; tpöa&;rsm;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpf\/
11;30-32 þtcef;i,frsm;rSm bk&m;ocif\ pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/
1/ ¤if;wdkYrSm igwaumaum pdwfjzifh qkH;jzwfjcif;r[kwfbJ? u&kPmawmfudk tajcjyKavh&Sdonf/
ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm; Munfhygu ]]u&kPmawmf}} [laom pum;vkH;
av;cgokH;onf/ (9;15? 16?18?23)/
2/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;w&m;pD&ifonf/ *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm;tm;vkH;tjypfESifh jynfhonf/
(3;9? 19?23/ 5;11)/
3/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;odkY *&kPmawmfjyo&ef tcGifhta&;tjzpf vlom;tm;vHk;\ vdktyfrIESifh
rwwfpGrf;EdkifrIudk okH;onf/ (i,f 22) xkdUjyif ]]tm;vkH;}} tm;ti,f12ESifh 25-26wdkYü vnf;
awGU&onf/ vlwpfOD;csif;onf bk&m;ocif\ ay;prf;rIudk wkHUjyefvdrfhrnfr[kwfaomfvnf;
a&G;EIwfjcif;jrifuGif;ü rlolwdkYtm;vkH;tusLH;0ifMuonf/ (5;12-21/ a,m 3;16)/ tdk? bk&m;&Sif
xdktwdkif;yifjzpfaeygap/
351
11;30 ESifh 31 ]],ck}} ¤if;onf a,&Itm;,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpöa&;trsKd;om;rsm;\ 0dnmOfa&;
ajymif;vJrItm; cdkifrmpGm qdkvdkonf/ (Zm 12;10)/ wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY\ ]]r,kHMunfrI}} udk bk&m;ocif\
*&kPmawmftEdkif,loGm;cJhonfenf;wl *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ ]]r,kHMunfrI}} udk vnf; tEdkif,loGm;ayrnf/
NASB
33
(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf; / / 11;33-38
tdk? bk&m;ocif\ nmPfawmfESifh ynmawmfeufeJ<u,f0vSygbdjcif;? pD&ifawmfrIjcif;ESifh vrf;awmfwdkYudk
rwdkif;wmEdkif/ 34taMumif;rIum xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocif\ pdwfawmfudk rnfolod&Sdum? wdkifyifabmf?
wdkifyifbufjzpfcJhoenf;/ 35odkYr[kwf jyefay;qyfawmfrl&rnftaMumif;rnfolonf udk,fawmftm; OD;pGm
ay;cJhoenf;/ 36taMumif; rlum; t&mcyfodrf;onf udk,fawmfxHrS? udk,fawmfrS wqifhESifh
udk,fawmftwGufjzpf\/ urÇm tqufqufbkef;MuD;awmfrlapwnf;/ tmrif/
11;33-36 4if;rSm aygvk\ thHcsD;bG,f&mvufwef;a&;aom bkef;awmfbJGUwpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\
y#dOmOfw&m; qdkif&m opöm&SdrI? y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m yg0ifaprIESifh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m jynfhpkHjcif;tm; tHhMorIonf
aygvk\ pdwfudk vTrf;rkd;jynfhvQHoGm;aponf/
11;33 ]]<u,f0awmfrljcif;rsm;}} ¤if;rSm aygvk ESpfoufvSaom tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ (2;4/ 9;23/ 10;12/
11;12?33/ {zuf 1;7?8/ 2;7/ 3;8?16/ zd4;19/ aum 1;27/) owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;\ t"dutcsufESifh
vlom;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;rSm *&kPmawmfESifh jynfh0aom bk&m;ocif\ p&kdufawmfESifh pDrHcsufjzpfonf/ (a[&Sm
55;1-7)/
]]pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh
vrf;awmfwdkYudk rwdkif;wmEdkif}} ¤if;rSm tcef;MuD; 9-11 rsm;xJ&Sd
qefYusifbufjzpfaeonf or®mw&m;rsm;ESifh avsmfnDvSaom bkef;awmfbJGUjzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 55;8-11)/
11;34 4if;rSm
\ a[&Sm 40;13-14 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'fü bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\
vlrsKd;tm; jynfESif'PfcH&mrS jyefvnfykdUaqmifum? u,fwifonf/ 1aum 2;16ü aygvkonf þusrf;ydk'fudkyif
udk;um;aomfvnf; bJGUemrawmf "Lord" udk rla,&Itjzpf okH;vdkufonf/
LXX
11;35 4if;rSm a,mb 35;7 (0g) 41;11tm; oabmavmuf udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/
11;36 ]]taMumif;rlum; t&mcyfodrf;onf udk,fawmfxHrS? udk,fawmfrStqifhESifh udk,fawmftwGuf jzpf\/}}
þpum;pkonf þusrf;ykd'fü crnf;awmfbk&m;udk &nfnTef;aomfvnf; (1aum 11;12) om;awmfbk&m;tm;
&nfnTef;onfh tjcm;"r®opfusrf; csufrsm;ESifh vGefpGm qifwlonf/ (1aum 8;6/ aum 1;16/ a[mjAJ 2;10)/
t&mcyfodrf;bk&m;ocifxHrS pwifjzpfay:um? bk&m;ocifxHodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;aMumif; aygvkt
wnfjyKonf/
]]urÇmtqufqufbkef;MuD;awmfrlapownf;}}
¤if;rSm bk&m;udk aumif;csD;ay; csD;rGrf;jcif; "r®opf
ykHpHjzpfonf/ ¤if;u &nfnTef;onfrSm
1/ wpfcgwpfav crnf;awmfudk (16;27/ {zuf 3;21/ zd 4;20/ 1ay 4;11/ 5;11/ ,k' 25/ Asm 5;13/
7;12)/
352
2/ wpfcgwpfav om;awmfudk (1wd 1;17/ 2wd 4;18/ 2ay 3;18/ Asm 1;16)/ 3;23\ rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/
]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 Munfhyg/
þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf
rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif?
or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk
teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
þusrf;pm\
þtydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
1/ tpöa&;onf bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;vrf;udk rnfodkvJToGm;cJhoenf;
2/ bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;udk rjiif;y,fcJhaMumif;oufaoxl&ef rnfonfh taMumif;&if; ESpfckaygvk
ay;xm;oenf;
3/ bk&m;ocifonf *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk tb,faMumifh rmausmapcJhoenf;¿ tb,faMumifhenf;¿
4/ *sL;vlrsKd; ]]t<uif;tusef}} qdkonfh oabmonf bmudk qdkvdkoenf; (i,f 2-5)
5/ "r®opfusrf;xJu ]]vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m}} qdkonfh a0g[m&udk t"dyg,fowfrSwfyg/
6/ a&mr 11; 26 onf bmudk qdkvdkoenf; tb,faMumifhenf;/ ¤if;onf 9;6ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;
7/ wyg;trsKd;,kHMunfolrsm;udk aygvkrnfodkYowday;oenf; (i,f 17-24)/
353
a&mr 12
UBS4
NKJV
c&pfawmfxJ
toufopf
12;1-2
12;3-8
c&pf,mef
oufwmt
ouf&Sifjcif;
12;9-21
bk&m;twGut
f ouf
&Sifaom ,Zmf
12;1-8
c&pf,meftjzpfjyK
rIusifhMuHjcif;
12;9-21
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm
NRSV
TEV
NJB
qufuyfaomtouf bk&m;trIawmfü0dnmOfa&;0wfjyK
12;1-2
touf&Sifjcif;
udk;uG,fjcif;
12;1-2
12-1-2
12;3-8
12;3-8
12;3-13
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmf
jcif;rsm;
vlwdkif;ESifh&efolrsm;
12;9-13
12;9-13
vlwdkif;ESifh&efolrsm;
ay:cspfjcif;arwÅm
12;14-21
12;14-16
12;12-21
12;17-21
xi Munfhyg)
rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
ti,f 1-8 tm; pmtquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;
u/ ¤if;onf a&mrMo0g' (12;1-15;13) tydkif;tm;vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;u@\ tpjzpfonf/
aygvka&;aompmrsm;rSm tjzpftysuf\ rSwfwrf;vnf;jzpfojzifh ¤if;wdkYü Mo0g'ydkif;ESifh vufawGU
usifhokH;jcif;ESpfrsKd;pvkH;yg&Sdonf/ aygvkonf a'oEÅ&jyoem (0g) tcuftcJwpfckaMumifh pma&;cJhonf/ a&mr
1-8onf tHhMobG,f&m Mo0g'usOf;csKyfjzpfonfenf;wl4if;\ udk,fusifhw&m;ydkif;ESifh vufawGU usifhokH;rI
tydkif;onfvnf; tvm;wlwefcdk;MuD;rm;onf/
354
c/ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwGuf vufawGUrygaom "r®oabmw&m;onf bk&m;ocifESifh rqdkifacs/ (róJ7;2427/a,m13;17/ a&mr 2;13/ ,mukyf 1;22?25/2;14-26)/ aygvkonf a,&Itm; ,kHMunfjcif;rS wqifh
bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhu,fwifjcif;udk &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonfrSefaomfvnf;?
þtcrJhvufaqmifonf uRefawmfwdkY\ b0rsm;udk tjywfajymmif;vJypf&efjzpfonf u,fwifjcif;rSm
tcrJhjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;udk c&pfawmfESifh tjywfwlnDjcif;onf vdkufygvm&ygrnf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;udk
ajzmifhrwfjcif;rS uREkfyfwdkY rcGJxkwf&Jyg/
*/ ti,f 1-2 onf usifhoHk;jcif; u@wpfckvHk;\ tzGihfrdwfqufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifaom
b0toufwmtwGuf tajccHjzpfonf/ (tcef;BuD; 8)
C/ ti,f 3-8 0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl; &&Sdjcif;taMumif; aqG;aEG;onf/ c&pfawmftwGuf
t<uif;rJhqufuyftyfESHjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf (w&m; 6;4-5/ róJ 22;37) ESifh tjcm;olrsm;twGuf
aqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfap&ygrnf/ (0wfjyK 10;9-18/ róJ 10;9-19)/ þqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ
uRefawmfwdkY\ pnf;vHk;jcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrI trsKd;rsdK;&&Sd&jcif;taMumif; tav;teuf ajymMum;onf ({zuf
4;1-10)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;twGuf tm;xkwfMu&rSm jzpfaomfvnf; qifwljcif;udkrl
rqdkvdkacs/
bk&m;ocifonf
uRefawmfwdkY
tcsif;csif;
wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf
tapcHEdkif&ef
jyifqifay;xm;onf (1 aum 12;7? 11/ {zuf 4;11-13)/
pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pk avhvmjcif;
NASB
(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;
1
odkYjzpfí nDtpfudkwdkY oifwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mtm; bk&m;ocif vufcHEkdifzG,f&m? touf&Sifí oefY&Sif;aom
,Zfaumiftjzpf ay;vSLylaZmfMuygrnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfudk axmufí oifwdkYudk
igwdkufwGef;Edk;aqmf\/ ¤if;rSm oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif; tvkyfjzpf\/ 2 þavmu\
yHko@mefrvkufbJ aumif;rGefí vufoifhcHEkdifzG,fESifh jynfh0aom bk&m;coif\ tvdkawmfudk
odEkdifrnftaMumif; oifwdkY\ pdwfudk jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;jzifh yHko@mefajymif;vJMuavmh/
]]odkYjzpfí}} aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmapmifü owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;\ or®mw&m;rsmudk wifjy&mü
ta&;BuD;aom tvSnfhtajymif;rsm;wGif þa0g[m&udk oHk;onf/
1/ 5;1 ü ¤if;onf ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}} udk tusOf;csHK;onf/
2/ 8;1 ü ¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltjypfw&m;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfyHkudk tusOf;csHK;onf/ ¤if;udk
oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;[k ac:onf/
3/ 12;1 ,HkMunfol\ aeYpOftoufwmü ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;wdkYtm;
vufawGYvkyfaqmifrIudk ajymonf/
12;1
NASB
]]igwdkufwGef;onf}}
NKJV
]]igawmif;yefwdk;vQdK;onf}}
NRSV, TEV ]]igarwÅm&yfcHonf}}
NJB
]]igtoem;cHonf}}
355
þpum;pkonf El;nHhodrfarGU cdkifrmonf/ ¤if;rSm avQmufywfpGm touf&Sif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/
þa0g[m&udk aygvkrMumcPokH;onf/ (12;1/15;30/ 16;17/ 1aum 1;10/ 4;16/ 16;15/ 2 aum 2;8/
5;20/ 6;1/ 10;1/12;8/ {zuf 4;2/ 1ouf 4;10/ 1wd 1;3/ zdavrkefi,f 9-10)/
]]nDtpfudkwdkY}} aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk taMumif;t&mopfwpfcktm; tpjyKrdwfquf&efokH;avh&Sdonf/
]]bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmftm;jzif}}h LXX ü þa0g[m&onf YHWH \ oem;MuifemrIudk azmfjyonf/
(xGuf 34;6)/ ¤if;onf tcef;MuD; 1-11 twGif; "r®oabmw&m;wdk;wufjzpfay:jcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/
a&mrMo0g'pmü usqif;aom vlom;taMumif;ajym&mwGif (9;15? 16?18?23/ 11;30?31?32/12;8/15;9)
bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmf (oikzeiro ESifh eleeo ESpfckpvkH;)udk xif&Sm;pGm tav;teufjyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\
aus;Zl;awmfESifh *&kPmawmf tcrJhay;urf;ojzifh? ,kHMunfolrsm;onf xdkufwefrItm;jzifh r[kwfbJ ({zuf 2;89) aus;Zl;odwwfaomtm;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDpGmtouf&SifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/
topfaomb0 toufwmrsm;onf (aum 3;9/ 10?12) tjcm;olrsm;udk c&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfajymif;vJ
vmap&ef MuH&G,frIjzpfonf/
]]ay;vSLylaZmf}}
4if;rSm AORIST INFINITIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm þusrf;ydk'f okH;aom
,ZfylaZmfjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;teufwpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm ,ZfylaZmfonf i,f 1/ oefY&Sif;onf ti,f
1/ vufcHEdkifbG,f&m ti,f 1/ tvm;wloabmudk 6;13?16?19wdkY azmfjyonf/ vlom;rsm;onf
rdrdudk,frdrdbk&m;ocif (0g) pmwefudk ay;Muvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ c&pfawmfonf crnf;awmf\ tvdkudk
vuf0g;uyfwdkifwpfwdkifay: taocHonftxd aqmif&Guf&ef rdrdudk,frdrdtwktEdIif;uif;pGm ay;cJhonf enf;wl
olYaemufvdkufrsm;onfvnf; ol\ twuif;aom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHESifhwlatmifom atmifMudK;pm;Mu&ayrnf/
(2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20/ 1a,m 3;16)
]]oifwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mrsm;}} c&pf,mefonf udk,fcE¨mrSm qdk;oGrf;onfqdkaom *&dawG;ac:ynmESifh rsm;pGm
uJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ 4if;rSm tjypfaoG;aqmif&m e,fy,fjzpfaomfvnf; udk,fusifhw&m;t&Mum;aejzpfonf/
 ]]udk,fcE¨m}}
[laom a0g[m&rSm ti,f2u ]]pdwf}} [laom a0g[m&ESifh oabmcsif;
tvm;wljzpf[ef&Sdonf/ ,kHMunf olwdkYonf ,cif tjypfw&m;twGuf qufuyftyfESHcJhMuonf enf;wl
(a&mr6) rdrdwdkY\ wpfckvkH;tm; bk&m;ociftwGuf tyfESHMu&efvdktyfonf/ (w&m;a[m 6;5/ 1aum 6;20)/
]]touf&Sifaom}} ¤if;onf*sL;rsm; (0g) omoemyvlrsm; ay;vSLMuonfh aoqkH;aom,Zfaumifrsm;ESifh
tjywfuJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ (6;13/ *v 2;20)
¤if;onf bmoma&;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;aMumifh udk,fcE¨m&SdraxmufrnSmjyKaom a,m*D0g'ESifhvnf;
uJGjym;vSayonf/ tvdk&SdonfrSm udk,fcE¨mudk oD;oefYz,fxm;jcif;? nSOf;yef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? trIaqmif&Guf&ef
vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mtoufwmESifh c&pfawmfenf;wlcspfjcif;arwÅm&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
]]oefY&Sif;aom ,Zfaumif}} ]]oefY&Sif;onf }} [laom a0g[m&t"dyg,frSm ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkyftwGuf
oD;oefYcJGxm;onf}} [líjzpf\/ þusrf;ydk'f þa0g[m&\ qkdvdk&if;rSm ,kHMunfol\ qufuyfjcif;ESifh
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKEdkif&ef okH;í&Edkifoljzpfaejcif;jzpfonf/
356
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;
1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
u/ a0g[m& kadosh (BDB 872) \ZpfjrpfrSm raocsmaomfvnf; cgeefpum;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
¤if;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck (kd) \ t"dyg,frSm ]]cJGjcm;onf? ydkif;jcm;onf}} [lí jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm
vlodrsm;aom t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufwpfckjzpfonfh bk&m;ociftokH;jyK&ef cJGxkwfxm;jcif;\ (cgeef"avh
xkH;pHrS? w&m;a[m 7;6/ 14;2? 21/ 26;19) rl&if;jzpfonf/
c/ ¤if;onf t&m0w¬Krsm;? ae&mrsm;? tcsdefrsm;ESifh vlrsm;twGif; bk&m;ocif&Sdaejcif;udk ajymjyonf/ ¤if;udk
urÇmOD;usrf;ü rokH;aomfvnf;xGufajrmuf&m? 0wfjyK&mESifh awmvnf&musrf;wdkYü tokH;rsm;aom pum;vkH;
jzpfvmonf/
*/ te,*wÅdusrf;rsm; (txl;ojzifh a[&Sm,ESifh a[ma&S) wGif tpydkif;ü taumiftxnf
yk*¾dKvfyg0ifaomfvnf;? txl;wvnfjyKjcif; ray:vGifacs/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ tESpfom&tm;
azmfjyjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf/ (a[&Sm 6;3)/ bk&m;ocifoefY&Sif;onf/ oloefY&Sif;aMumif;tm;
emrawmfonfudk,fpm;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocifvdktyfaom þurÇmay:bk&m;ocif\ Muiftifvu©Pudk
azmfjy&efjzpfaom ol\ vlrsKdk;rsm;onf (y#dnOfw&m;udk ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh emcHMuygu) oefY&Sif;Muonf/
C/
bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfESifh arwÅmawmfwdkYudk "r®oabmw&m;rsm;jzpfaom y#dnOfw&m;rsm;?
w&m;rQwrIrsm;ESifh
toufwrQta&;MuD;aom
p½dkufvu©Pmrsm;rScJGxkwfír&acs/
þae&mwGif
oefY&Sif;jcif;r&Sd? usqif;í ykefuefaom vlom;bufü bk&m;ociftxJwif;rmrI&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf
]]*½kPmawmf<u,f0ol}}ESifh ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} jzpfjcif;tMum;qufpyfrItaMumif;tvGefpdwf0ifpm;p&m
aumif;aom aqmif;yg;wpfyk'f Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonyms of the Old Testament pp. 112113ü &Sdygonf/
2/ "r®opfusrf;
u/ "r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf (vkumuvJTvQif) a[jAJvdkawG;awmolrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; trsm;okH;
*&dpum; Koine Greek (*&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf;) \ vGrf;rdk;rIcH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkYokH;onfh
a0g[m&rsm;udk
vTrf;rdk;aom
pdwful;?
tawG;
odkYr[kwf
bmoma&;toufwmrSm
*&dtqifhtwef;pmayr[kwfbJ? *&dbmomjyef"r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX) jzpfonf/
c/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocifjzpfum? bk&m;ocifESifh twlwlyifjzpfojzifh oefY&Sif;onf/ (vkum 1;35/ 4;34/
wref 3;14/ 4;27?30)/ olonf oefY&Sif;awmfrl olESifh ajzmifhrwfawmfrloljzpfonf/ (wref 3;14/ 22;14)/
a,½IoefY&Sif;&jcif;rSm tjypfuif;pifíjzpfonf/ (a,m 8;46/ 2aum 5;21/ a[jAJ 4;15/ 7;26/ 1ay
1;19/ 2;22/ 1a,m 3;5)
*/ bk&m;ocifoefY&Sif;awmfrIojzifh ol\ om;orD;rsm;vnf; oefY&Sif;Muonf/ (0wfjyK 11;44-45/ 19;2/
20;7?26/ róJ5;48/ 1ay 1;16)/ a,½IoefY&Sif;awmfrIojzifh ol\ aemufawmfvdkufrsm;vnf;
oefY&Sif;Mu&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8;28-29/ 2aum 3;18/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/ 1ay
1;15)/ c&pf,mefrsm;rSm c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;jcif; tapcH&ef u,fwifjcif; &olrsm;
jzpfMuonf/
357
]]bk&m;ocifvufcHEkdifbG,f&m}} ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;uqDavsmfaom ylaZmfouúmudk &nfnTef;onf/
(i,f 2)? ¤if;udk vlrsm;tm; &nfnTef;&efokH;onfhtcg ]]tjypfwifp&muif;onf}}[laom oabmESifh qifwlonf/
(urÇm 6;9/ 17;1/ w&m;awm18;13/ a,mb1;1)

NASB ]]oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;tvkyf}}
NKJV ]]oifwdkYtwGuf oifhavsmfaomtrIaqmif&Gufjcif;}}
NRSV ]]oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;}}
TEV ]]oifwdkYjyK&rnfhppfrSefaom0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;}}
NJB ]]pOf;pm;wwfol owÅ0grsm;twGuf vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufaomt&mwpfck}}
þa0g[m& (logikos) onf logizomai rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfjyD;t"dyÜg,frSm
]]qifjcifpOf;pm;onf}}
[líjzpfonf/ (rmuk 11;31/1aum 13;11/ zd 4;8)/ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]aMumif;usKd;qDavsmfaom}}
]]usKd;aMumif;qifjcifwwfaom}} [lí t"dyÜg,f&SdEdkio
f nf/ odkYaomf 1ay 2;2rSm enf;wl 0dnmOfoabmjzifh
vnf;okH;onf/ oabmrS wd&pämeftaoaumifrsm;jzifh tcef;tem;vkyfí ylaZmfjcif;rsm;ESifh qefYusifvsuf
rdrd\ppfrSefaom Zmwdtm; todpdwftjynfht0jzifh ayvSLjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ociftvdk&SdonfrSm
aeYpOfb0toufwmESifh rqdkifaom a'oqdkif&mvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;r[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwÅmtm;jzifh olYtm;
tapcHaom uRefawmfwdkY\ b0toufwmrsm;jzpfonf/
12;2 ]]ykHo@mefrvdkufbJ}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE (odkYr[kwf PERFECT MIDDLE)
ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfjyD; qufvufaeqJ tjyKtrlwpfck&yfwHhaponf[k
t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf ti,f 2ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfjyD; zd 2;6-8ü&Sdaom jrifomaomjyifyajymif;vJjcif;ykHpH
(schema, 2;8) ESifh twGif;ydkif;ü tESpfom&ajymmif;vJjcif; (morphe, 2;6-7) wdkY\ jcm;em;rIESifh qifwlonf/
,kHmunfolwdkYonf usqif;aom þavmu (awmfvSefykefuefaom acwfa[mif;) xJü udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh ¤if;\
tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfaeqJ rSefaomfvnf;? ¤if;udkvdkufíajymif;vJroGm;bJ? c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif; (0dnmOf
acwfopf) udkjywfom;pGm vdkufíajymif;vJ&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfonf/
]]þavmu}}
¤if;rSm trSeftm;jzifh ]]uyfumv}} ages pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf
uyfumvESpfrsKd;jrifxm;Muonf (róJ 12;32/ rmuk 10;30/ vkum 20;34-35)/ vuf&Sdqdk;qGrf;aom
uyfumv (*v 1;4/ 2aum 4;4/ {zuf 2;2) ESifh vmvwHÅaom uyfumv (róJ 28;20/ a[jAJ 1;3/ 1a,m
2;15-17)jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf þuyfumvESpfcw
k dkY tHhtm;oifhbG,f&m xyfaeum? wif;rmrIjynfhaom
tcsdefumvwpfckxJ touf&SifaeMuonf/ c&pfawmf\ ESpfrsKd;aom <uvmrIrsm;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\
ay:xGef;cJhjyD; ]]ESifh}} ray:xGef;&ao;aom EdkifiHawmfjzpfonfh ypöLyÜefESifh tem*wfESpfrsKd;vkH;txJü ,kHMunfolrsm;
touf&SifaexdkifMuonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / þuyfumvESifh ay:xGef;vwHhaom uyfumv
"r®a[mif;ya&mzufrsm;onf tem*wfudk ypöKyÜefumvtm; qJGqefYvdkufjcif;wpfrsKd; tjzpfjrif
xm;Muonf/
olwdkYtwGuf
tem*wf[lonf
tpöa&;tm;
yx0De,fajrtm;jzifh
e*dkrlvtae
txm;jyefvnfa&muf&Sdapjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYonf ¤if;udk aeYopfwpfaeYtjzpfvnf;jrifcJhMuonf/
(a,&Sm 65;17/66;22) tmjA[H\ tquftEG,frsm;onf YHWH udk (jynfESpf'PfcHjyD;aemufydkif;üyifvQif)
wrifoufoufqufwdkufjiif;y,fcJMh ujcif;twl? *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\ tem*wfumvqdkif&mpmayrsm;ü (1{aem/
4{Z&/ 2Am&kwf) ykHpHopfwpf&yfjzpfxGef;vmonf/ þta&;tom;rsm;ü uyfumvESpfrsKd;pwifcJGjcm;vmcJhMu&m
358
pmweftkyfpdk;onfh qkd;qGrf;aom vuf&SdumvESifh 0dnmOfawmftkyfpdk;onfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkif&m ay:xGef;
vwHHhaom uyfumv[líjzpfjyD; ¤if;udk ar&Sd, (wefcdk;MuD;aom ppfonfawmf)tm;jzifh tpjyK vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m þu@mef (tem*wfüjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;) ay:vGifxif&Sm;aom wdk;wuf
jzpfay:rIwpfck&Sdonf/ "r®oabmw&m;q&mrsm;onf ¤if;udk ]]qufvufjzpfay:wdk;wufaeaom zGifhjy
awmfrIjcif;}} [kac:Muonf/ "r®opfusrf;onf pMuFm0VmvkH;qdkif&m þuyfumvESpfckwdkY\ ppfrGefrIudk
twnfjyKaeonf/ (,m,DESpfck0g')
a,½I
róJ 12;32
róJ 13;22-29
rmuk 10;30
vkum 16;8
vkum 18;30
vkum 20;34-35
aygvk
a[jAJ
a&mr 12;2
1;2
1aum 1;20/ 2;6?8/ 3;18
6;5
2aum 4;4
11;3
*v 1;4
{zuf 1;21/2;1?7/6;12
1wd6;17
2wd 4;10
wdwk 2;12
"r®opfusrf;\ "r®oabmw&m;ü þ*sL;uyfumvESpf&yfwdkYudk arQmfvifhrxm;aomaMumifh rsufpdvTJ
oGm;cJhMuaom (rjrifvdkufcJh&) ar&Sd,\ ESpfMudrfESpfcg<uvmjcif; qdkif&mtem*wdÅpum; rsm;aMumifh
xyfqifhoGm;cJh&onf/ a,½Ivl0ifpm;um zGm;jrifawmfrljcif;onf uyfumvtopftm; tpjyKzGifhvSpfcJhonf/
('Ha,v 2;44?45) rnfodkYqdkap "r®a[mif;usrf;onfvnf; c&pfawmf\ <uvmjcif;tm; w&m;olBuD;ESifh
atmifEdkifoltjzpfjrifcJhonf rSefaomfvnf; yxrwpfMudrf 'ku©cHaom tapcHtjzpf (a[&Sm 53/ Zr&d 12;10)
ESdrfhcsí El;nhHodrfarGYpGm (Zmc&d 9;9) <uvmcJhonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tem*wdÅpum;twdkif; olonf
bkef;wefcdk;MuD;rm;pGmjzifhvnf; <uvmvdrfhrnf/ (Asm 19)/ þtqifhESpfqifhjynfhpkHjcif;onf EdkifiHawmfqdkonfrSm
vuf&Sdumv (tpzGifhjcif;) jzpfaomfvnf; tem*wf (tjynfht0jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;r[kwf) vnf; jzpfaeaponf/
¤if;rSm "r®opfusrf;xJ azmfjyonfhtwdkif;tpjyKcJhjyDjzpfaomfvnf; jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;r&Sdao;bJ? qufvufí
qGJqefYjzpfay:aeonf/
]]ykHo@mefajymif;vJMuavmh}}
,kHMunfolrsm;onfowif;aumif;tm;
Mum;&olrsm;omvQifr[kwfbJ
ajymif;vJoGm;olrsm; jzpfMu&ygrnf (6;4/ 7;6/ 2aum 5;17/ *v 6;15/ {zuf 4;22-24/ aum 3;10)
o'´gzGJUpnf;ykHt& þa0g[m&onf ]]rdrdudk,frdrdqufvufí ykHo@mefaMumif;vJ oGm;Muavm}} PRESENT
MIDDLE IMPERATIVE odkYr[kwf ]]qufvufí ykHo@mefaMumif;vJoGm;apjcif;cHMuavmh}} PRESENT
PASSIVE IMPERATIVE wpf rsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ txufu ]]ajymif;vJ}} pum;vkH;üvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/
tvm;wl qefYusifbuf oabmwpfcka,Z 18;31ü EdIif;,SOfp&m&Sdonf/ vlom;\ qufuyfrI? vkyfaqmifrIESifh
bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmif a,Z 36;26-27 wdkYjzpfjyD; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;vdktyfonf/
þtvm;wlpum;vkH; ]]ykHo@mef}} udk xl;jcm;aomta&mif tqif;jzifha,½Iajymif;vJ&mwGif (róJ 17;2)
tokH;jyKum? ocifbk&m;\ ZmwdtppftrSefudk zGifhjycJhonf/ þbk&m;Zmwdawmf (2ay 1;3-4) onf
,kHMunfolwdkif;txJ o@mefay:vGifae&rnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 3;18/ {zuf 4;13)
]]oifwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk qef;opfapjcif;jzif}h } ¤if;onf *&drl&if;pum;t&nftaoG;opf (kainos) rS
qif;oufvmjyD; tcsdefumv topf (chronos) r[kwfacs/ *sL;rsm;tvdkt& tjriftm½kHESifh tMum;tm½HkwdkYrSm
0dnmOfjywif;aygufrsm;jzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufonf rdrdpdwful; (pOf;pm;) onfhtwdkif; jzpfvmonf/
359
u,fwifjcif;&jyD; aemuf,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfrIaMumifh tawG;opf? tjrifopfrsm;
ydkifqdkifvmMuonf/ ({zuf 4;13? 23/ wduk 3;5)/ or®musrf;pmenf;ustopfaom þurÇmhtjrifonf
0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfjcif;ESifhtwl
,kHMunfolrsm;\
pdwfESifh
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHaMumif;vJoGm;aponf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk 0dnmOfawmfpGrf;tm;ay;rIaMumifh t&m&mtm;vkH;0uJGjym;jcm;em;aom
enf;jzifh? trSeftwdkif; ½IjrifMuonf/ a&G;EIwfjcif;cHaom? 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom pdwfESvkH;onf
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHopfwpfckay:aygufaponf! þt&mrSm y#dnOfw&m;opf\ uwdawmfyifjzpfayonf (a,&
31;31-34)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / jyefvnfqef;opf (AnakainŌsisS)
þ*&da0g[m&üykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdum (anakainoŌ, anakainizŌ) [lítajcct"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/
1/ ]]wpfpkHwpf&mtm; topfESifh uJGjym;jcm;em;aomt&m wpfckjzpfaponf (ydkíaumif;)}} a&mr 12;2/ aum
3;10
2/ ]]wpfpkHwpf&mtm; ydkrdkESpfoufp&maumif;aom ,ciftajctaeodkY ajymif;vJoGm;aponf}} 2aum 4;16/
a[jAJ 6;4-6/
(Louw and Nida's Greek English Lexicon, 1. pp. 157, 594 rS ,lygonf/)
Moulton and Milligan wdkY\ The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament ü ajymonfrSm þa0g[m
(anakkainosis) tm; aygvkrwdkifrD *&dpmayrsm;ü rawGY&acs[lownf;/ aygvkudk,fwdkif þa0g[m&tm;t
opfwDxGifvdkufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (pm- 34)
Frank Stagg, New Testament Theology pmtkyfü pdwf0ifpm;p&mrSwfcsufwpfck&SdonfhrSm
'kwd,topfarG;zGm;jcif;ESifh jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;udk bk&m;ocifuomydkifonf (0g) ESifhom
oufqdkifaom tvkyfjzpfonf/ ]]jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;}} *&dpum;vkH; AnakkainŌsis rSm tjyKtrIjyaom
emrfwpfrsKd;jzpfum? qufvufqef;opfjcif;udk azmfjy&ef tjcm;Mud,mESifh aygif;pyf tokH;jyKonf/ ykHpHudk a&mr
12;2 ü okH;onfh ]]oifwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk jyefvnfqef;opfapí? ykHo@mefajymif;vJMuavmh}} (ajymif;vJapjcif;
cHMuavmh) [lívnf;aumif;? 2aum 4;16ü ]]igwdkY] twGif;vlonf wpfaeYjyD;wpfaeY jyefvnfqef;opf
apjcif;cH&\}} [lívnf; aumavmoJ 3;10üazmjyonfh ]]vlopf}} jzpfaom ]]olYtm;zefqif;awmfrIol\
ykHo@mefawmfESifhtnDoduRrf;rItm;jzifh jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;cH&ol}}... ponfwdkYü awGU&onf/ odkYjzifh
]]vlopf}} ]]topfaomtoufwm}} topfjyefvnfarG;jcif; ('kwd,tMudrftopfarG;zGm;jcif;) odkYr[kwf
]]jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;}}wdkYrSm rnfodkYyif azmfjyonfjzpfap topfudk ay;olESifh xm0&toufudk
qufvyfwnfaeapol ocifonf tpjyKvyfaqmifolESifh qufvufvkyfaqmifoljzpfonf/}} (p. 118)
]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfudk oifwdkYodEdkifrnftaMumif;}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT INFINITE jzpfonf/
*&da0g[m& (dokimozo) udk auseyf ESpfoufrI&Sdap&efprf;oyfjcif;ESifh t"dyÜg,fwltjzpfokH;onf/
txl;taMumif;t&m 2;18ü Munfhyg/
bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSmvltm;vkH;c&pfawmfrSwqifh u,fwifjcif;& (a,m 6;39-40) jyD;vQif
c&pfawmfenf;wltouf&SifoGm;&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8;28-29/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 4;13?15/ 5;17-18)/
c&pf,mef\ pdwfcs&rIonf (txl;taMumif;t&m 5;2) atmufygwdkYudk tajcjyKonf/
1/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&ol bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;
2/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ usdef;0yfjcif; (a&mr 8;14-16)
3/ ,kHMunfol\ ajymif;vJcJhjyD;? ajymif;vJaeaom b0toufwm (,mukyf a,m[ef) ]]toD;roD;ygu?
tjrpfr&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/}} (róJ 13;1-9? 19-23)/
360
]]bk&m;ocif\tvdkawm}}f atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf (thelēma)
a,m[ef\c&pf0ifusrf;
- crnf;awmf\ tvdkawmfaqmif&Guf&ef a,½I<uvmonf (4;34/ 5;30/ 6;38)
- crnf;awmfonf om;awmfudk ay;orQtm;vkH;aom olwdkYtm; aemufqkH;aeYü aojcif;rSxap&ef
(6;39)
- om;awmfudk ,kHMunfoltm;vkH; (6;29?40)
- qkawmif;jcif;tajz&&SdrIonf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmftwdkif;vkyfjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ (9;31ESifh
1a,m 5;14)
c&pf0ifusrf;yxrusrf;okH;usrf;rsm;
- bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfudkvkyfjcif;rSm tjywfqkH;jzpfaomt&mjzpfonf (róJ 7;21)
- bk&m;&Sif\ tvkdawmfudk vkyfjcif;onf a,½I\ nDtpfudk? armifESrjzpfvmaponf (róJ 12;50/
rmuk 3;35)
- rnfolrQrysufpD;&efrSm bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ (róJ 18;14/ 1wd 2;4/ 2 ay 3;9)
- um&eDukef;xdyfonf a,½ItwGuf crnf;awmf\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf (róJ 26;42/ vkum 22;42)
aygvk\ Mo0g'pmrsm;
- ,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH; &ifhusufjcif;ESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif; (a&mr 12;1-2)
- ,kMunfolwdkYudk qdk;oGrf;aom þuyfumvxJrS u,fEIwfonf (*v 1;4)
- bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfrSm a&G;EIwf&ef tpDtpOfawmfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;5? 9?11)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; 0dnmOfawmfudk awGUMuKHcHpm;um? 0dnmOfawmfESifh jynfhaeMu&ef ({zuf 5;17-18)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;ESifh jynfh0ae&ef (aum 1;9)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; jynfh0í pkHvifolrsm;jzpfap&ef (aum 4;12)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; oefY&Sif;pifMu,fap&ef (1ouf 4;3)
- ,kHMunfolrsm;t&m&mü aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;Muap&ef (1ouf 5;18)
ayw½k\ Mo0g'pmrsm;/
,kHMunfolrsm;rSef&mudk vkyfae&ef (tpdk;&Zif;rsm;tm;emcH&ef) xdkodkYjzifh rdkufrJrIrsm;
wdwfqdwfoGm;ap&ef? owif;aumif;twGuf tcGifhaumif;jifqifay;&ef (1ay 2;15)
- ,kHMunfolrsm; 'ku¨qif;&JcjH cif; (1ay 3;17/ 4;19)
- ,kHMunfolrsm;twÅudk A[dkjyKumtoufr&Sif&ef (1ay 4;2)
a,m[ef\ Mo0g'pmrsm;
- ,kHMunfolrsm; tpOfwnfjrJae&ef (1a,m 2;17)
-,kMunfolrsm;qkawmif;csuf&&efaomhcsuf (1a,m 5;14)
]]aumif;rGefí vufoifhcHbG,f&mESifh pkHvifjynfh0aom}} ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;&jyD;aemuf ,kHMunfolrsm;
twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ (zd 4;4-9) ,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\
yef;wdkifrSm ,ckyifc&pfawmfESifhwlaom &ifhusufrIjzpfonf/ (róJ 5;48)/
]]pkHvifjynfh0aom}}
þa0g[m&onf ]]&ifhusufaom? ay;tyfaomwm0eftm; aqmif&GufjyD;pD;&ef
tjynfht0wyfqifay;onf/}} ]]&ifhrSnfhonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]pkHvifonf]] [k t"dyÜg,f&dS\/ tokH;jyKykHrSm
361
1/ ajcESifhvufrsm;usKd;oGm;cJhaomfvnf; aysmufuif;oGm;um? tokH;jyKEdkif&ef e*dktwdkif; jyefaumif;oGm;onf
2/ ig;zrf;ydkufrsm; aygufjyJoGm;cJhaomfvnf; zgax;jyKjyifum? ig;zrf;&ef wzefjyefí tokHk;0ifonf/
3/ Muufuav;rsm; ausmfpm;&ef aps;uGufwifbkdYt&G,f a&mufvmonf/
4/ &GufoabFmrsm;a&aMumif;c&D;xGuf&ef&Guf? MudK;tpkHwyfqifjyifqifonf/
NASB
3
ighudk ay;aom aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh igajymonfum; oifwdkYtxJu vlwdkif;udk rdrdudk,frdrdxifoifhonf
xufydkíjrifhrm;pGmrxifbJ? bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDtm; ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tq wpckpD;ay;onfhtwdkif;
aumif;pGm ydkif;jcm;í xifMu&efjzpf\/ 4taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf udk,fcE¨mwpfckü udk,ft*Fgtrsm;&Sdum?
xdkudk,ft*Fgrsm;tm;vkH; tvkyfvkyfykHcsif; rwlMuonfenf;wl? 5trsm;jzpfaom igwdkYonf c&pfawmf txJü
wpfckwnf;jzpfMuum? t*Fgwpfckcsif;onf tcsif;csif;\ t*Fgrsm;jzpfMu\/ 6igwdkYudk ay;aom
aus;Zl;awmfESifhtnD igwdkYonf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom qkvufaqmifrsm;&&SdMuonfjzpfí igwdkY wpfa,mufpDonf
¤if;wdkYudk vdkufí tokH;jyK&efjzpfonf/ ya&mzufjyKjcif;jzpfygu? ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;twmudk vdkufvsuf?
7
trIaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygu trIawmfudk aqmif&Gufcsuf? odkYr[kwfoGefoifaom olonf rdrd\ oGefoifjcif;
trIvdkjyKvsuf 8wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfolonf rdr\
d
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfrIdudk jyKvsuf? ay;urf;aom olonf
&ufa&mpGm ay;urf;vsuf? acgif;aqmifolonf ZJGvkYHvjzifh jyKum? *&kPmjyoolonf prf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh
jyKMuygrnftaMumif;wnf;/
12;3 ti,f 1-2 onf ]]pdwfESvkH;topf}} arG;jcif;tm; ydkí av;eufapon/f ti,f 3ü ]]xif}} (think)
[laom pum;av;vkH;yg&Sdonf/ The Zondervan Study Guide Commmentary, Romans pmtkyfü Bruce
Corley ESifh Curtis Vaughan wdkY\ avhvmokH;wyfcsufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
]]csJUum;aom tawG;... oifhavsmfaomtawG;...&nf&G,fcsufygaom tawG;... rSefaomtawG;}} (p. 138)
þxl;jcm;pGmaom azmfjyrIrSm taxmuftul&ygonf/
þtcef;i,fonf 11;13-24 enf;wl atmufygwdkYudk ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
1/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrI
2/ aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmudk au&dEÅKjrdKUrS a&;om;jcif;jzpfjyD; (ol\ wwd,tMudrfajrmuf
óoemjyKc&D;tqkH;ü) xkdjrdKUü rmeaxmifvTm;rI? udk,fudkudk,f ajr§muf<um;rIrsm;olawGU&SdcJhonf/
]]ighudk
ay;aom aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh}} ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifhxHawmfrS a&muf&Sdvmaom aus;Zl;awmfonf twdwfwpfcsdefu tjzpftysufwpfckjzpfonf/
('roufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:tjzpftysuf)/ þusrf;ydk'dü ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} [kqdk&mwGif 0dnmOfa&;&mqkaus;Zl;ESifh
qdkifjyD; (15;15/ 1aum 3;10/ 15;10/ *v 2;9/ {zuf 3;7-8) ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmifr[kwfacs/ (a&mr
4)/ ¤if;onf aygvkajymif;vJoGm;jcif;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmftjzpfapvGwfcHjcif;udk
nTef;onf/ (wref 9;15/ a&mr 1;1?5/ *v 1;15-16/ 2;7-8/ {zuf 3;1-2? 8/ 1wd 2;7/ 2wd 4;17)
]]oifwdkYtxJu
vlwdkif;udk igajymonfum;}} ti,f3? &Sdowday;csufrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;omvQif
r[kwfbJ? c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/
]]rdrdudk,frdrdvGefuJpGm
rxifygrnftaMumif;}}
aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm; 1;30ü Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
362
/
aygvkokH;aom
Huper
]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDudkay;onfhtwdkif;}} ¤if;rSm
wpfckjzpfonf/
,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fMujcif;r[kwfacs/ (1aum 7;17/ 12;11/ {zuf
4;7)/ olwdkY u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcsdefü trsm;aumif;usKd;twGuf 0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYudk ay;jcif;jzpf\/
AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE
(1aum
12;7)/
0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl;wdkYrSm
vlwpfOD;csif;tm;
trGrf;wifaom
*kPfj'yfqdkif&m
trSwftom;rsm;r[kwfbJ? ,kHMunfolwdkif;wdkYonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mjzpfaom toif;awmftm; tapcH
EdkifMuap&ef tapcHrsm;okH;aom yk0grsm;omvQifjzpfonf/
]],kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tq}} ¤if;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdaom 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udk xda&mufpGm tokH;jyKEdkifaom
pGrf;&nfudk &nfnTef;csuf/ (i,f 6)/ 0dnmOfqkaus;&&Sd&mü aumif;aumif;rGefrGefjzpfoGm;ap&ef 0dnmOfawmf
toD;rsm;jzpfusifhokH;&efjzpfonf/ (i,f9-12/ *v 5;22-23) qkaus;Zl;rsm;rSm rdrdaemufvdkufrsm;tm; cJGay;aom
a,½I\ trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;jzpfum? toD;rsm;rSmrI c&pfawmf\ ESvkH;om;jzpfonf/ xda&mufaom
trIawmfaqmif&GufrItwGuf ESpfrsKd;pvkH;vdktyfonf/
12;4 ¤if;rSm aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü okH;aeuswifpm;rIjzpfonf/ vlom;\ udk,fcE¨mt*Fgrsm;
tcsif;csif;trSDtwG,f jyKaejcif;oabmonf toif;awmftm; qkaus;Zl;ay;jcif;taMumif;jyoonf/ (1aum
12;12-27/ {zuf 1;23/ 4;4? 12?16/ 5;30/ aum 1;18?24/ 2;19)/ c&pf,mef[lonf tpktaygif;
jzpfonfenf;wl wpfOD;csif;vnf;jzpfonf/
12;5 ]]trsm;jzpfaom igwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mxJüwpfckjzpfMu\/}} ¤if;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;
wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;ESifh trsKd;rsKd; tzkHzkHjzpfMuaMumif; tav;teufjyKonf/ ¤if;rSm toif;awmftwGif;
qkaus;Zl;&&Sdjcif;\wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ 1aum&dEÅK 13xJu cspfjcif;arwÅmbJGUonf qkaus;Zl;trsKd;rsKd;&&Sdjcif;\
wif;rmrItaMumif;ajymjyonf/ (1aum 12ESifh 14)/ c&pf,mefwdkYrSm jydKifbufcsif;r[kwfbJ? r[mapcdkif;
awmfrljcif;ü wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf;jzpfMuonf/
12;6-8 þtcef;i,frsm;rSm *&dusrf;ü 0guswpfckjzpfum PARTICIPLE Mud,mESpfvkH;yg0ifaomfvnf;
yifrMud,mrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ ¤if;udk THIRD PERSON IMPERATIVE tjzpf bmomjyefavh&SdjyD; ]]MupdkY}} [líjzpfonf/
12;6 ]]vufaqmifrsm;.... aus;Zl;awmf}} ]]vufaqmifrsm;}} (charismata) ESifh ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} (charis) wdkYrSm
*&drl&if;wpfckwnf;rSqif;oufvmjcif;jzpfjyD;}} ]]tcrJah y;onf}} [k t"dyÜg,f&onf/ 3;24\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/
0dnmOfawmf vufaqmifrsm;pm&if;udk 1aum&dEÅK 12/ a&mr 12/ {zuf 4 ESifh 1 ayw½k 4wdkYü awGU&onf/
xdkpm&if;rsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;rSm rwlnDojzifh tao;pdwf (0g) tjynfhtpkHr[kwfbJ? udk,fpm;
jyKjcif;oabmrQomjzpf&ayrnf/ ,kHMunfolwdkY rdrd\ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm; rnfodkY cJGjcm;od&Sd Edkifrnfudk
rajymjycJhbl;acs/ þtaMumif;t&mESifh qdkifí or®musrf;pmrS r[kwfaom c&pf,mef fynmtaumif;qkH;udk Inter
Varsity tykHESdyfwdkuf\ pmtkyfi,fjzpfjyD; Paul Little a&;om;onfh Affirming the Will of God ü ygaom
ed,rrsm;ü awGU&onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf odEdkif&ef þvrf;nTefcsufrsm;onf vlwpfa,mufxda&mufpGm
trIawmfaqmif&GufEdkifaom u@odEdkif&ef yHhydk;ygvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;udk rnfodkY qkaus;Zl;ay;onf odkYr[kwf
rnfonfh qkaus;Zl;&&Sdonfqdkjcif;xuf,kHMunfolrsm;udk
qkvufaqmifrsm; ay;xm;onf[k kod&Sdjcif;rSm
trSefyifydkrdkta&;MuD;onf/
363
]]vQif^ygu}} ¤if;onf eite rS bmomjyefjcif;jzpfum ]]vQif ^ygu... }} [lí t"dyÜg,f&SdjyD; ti,f 6?7?8
wdkYü xyfcgwvJvJawGU&onf/ þti,fü rnfonfh Mud,mrQvdkufrvmaomfvnf; (1aum 3;22/ 8;5/ 2aum
5;10) PRESENT INDICATIVE wpfck vdkufvmavh&Sdonf/ (aum 12;26/ 2aum 1;6) xdkYaMumifh
þ0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk azmfjyaom yxrwef;cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
]]tem*wÅdpum;^ya&mzufjyKcsuf
(pum;)}} ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;rSmuJhodkY bk&m;ocifay;aom
zGifhjyawmf rljcif; (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom) owif;pum;rsKd;r[kwfacs/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ya&mzufrsm;onf
or®musrf;pmudk a&;om;jyKpMuonf/ (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoiG f;jcif;)/ "r®opfusrf;ürIþpum;onf bk&m;ocif\
or®mw&m;udk a[majymaMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ MudKwifa[majymjcjif; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;) vnf;ygEdkifonf/
(wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10-11)/ owif;pum;topfa[majymjcif;r[kwfbJ owif;aumif; {0Ha*vd
w&m;ESifh ¤if;tm; ,aeYrnfodkY usifhokH;&rnfudk &Sif;vif;jcif;jzpfonf/ þa0ga[m&ü ykHaoum;us[lí r&SdbJ?
ajymif;vJí okH;Edkifaom oabm&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;trIawmfvkyfaejcif; (1aum 14;1? 39) ESifh
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfckudk &nfnTef;onfhtcgvnf; &Sdonf/ (1aum 12;28/ 14;29/ {zuf 4;11)/ ajymif;vJí
tokH;jyKEdkifjcif;oabmudk þa&mrMo0g'pmESifh wpfcsdefwnf; cefYü aygvka&;aom aum&dEÅKMo0g'
pmapmifrsm;üvnf; awGY&onf/ (1aum 12;10? 12/ 13;8/ 14;1?5?29?39)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "r®opfusrf;tem*wdÅpum; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;)
1/ ¤if;onf YHWH xHrS zGifhjyawmfrIjcif;jzpfonfh 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m (wref 3;18? 21/ a&mr
16;26) *sL;&AÁdq&mMuD;rsm;\ t"dyÜg,fyGg;wpfckjzpfaom "r®a[mif;ya&mzufjyKjcif;ESifh rwl? wpfjcm;pDjzpfonf/
(BDB 611) ya&mzufrsm;uomvQif or®musrf;pmtm; a&;om;Edkifonf/
u/ arma&Sudk ya&mzufwpfyg;[kac:onf/ (w&m;a[m 18;15-21)
c/ ordkif;^&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; a,m½I – "r®&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; (½koryg)udk ]]a&S;OD;ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}}
[kac:onf/ (wref 3;24)
*/ ya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS taMumif;Mum;csuf\ t&if;tjrpftjzpf,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ ae&mudk
,lxm;Muonf/ (a[&Sm,? rmvcd)
C/ a[jAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;\ 'kwd,wJGudk ]] ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}} [kac:onf/ (róJ 5;17/ 22;40/ vkum
16;16/ 24;25/27/ a&mr 3;21)/
2/ "r®opfusrf;ü xdkoabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf
u/ "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh olwdkY\ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom owif;pum; (róJ 2;23/ 5;12/
11;13/ 13;14/ a&mr 1;2)/
c/ tpktaygif;xuf wpfOD;wpfa,muftwGuf owif;pum;udk nTef;onf ("r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;\
a[majymcsufrsm;rSm rlvtm;jzifh tpöa&;udk ajymonf)
*/ ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efESifh (róJ 11;9/ 14;5/ 21;26/ vkum 1;76) a,½IwdkYtm; bk&m;ocif\
EdkifiHawmftm;aMumfjimolrsm;tjzpf &nfnTef;onf/ (róJ 13;57/ 21;11?46/ vkum 4;24/ 7;16/
13;33/ 24;19)/ a,½Iudk,fawmfwdkifonf rdrdrSm ya&mzufwdkY xufMuD;jrwfoljzpfaMumif;ajymonf/
(róJ 11;9/ 12;41/ vkum 7;26/
C/ "r®opfusrf;xJtjcm; ya&mzufrsm;
1/ vkum c&pf0ifusrf;xJrSwfwrf;wifxm;onfhtwdkif; a,½I\ tapmydkif;b0 (rm&d\ rSwfom;rIrsm;)
(u) {vdZbuf (vkum 1;41-42)
364
(c) Zmc&d (vkum 1;67-79)
(*) &Sdrkef (vkum 2;25-35)
(C) tEé (vkum 2;36)
2/ wpfzufvSnfha[mudef;rsm; (um,z? a,m[ef 11;51)
i/ {0Ha*vda[molrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf (a[majymjcif;qkvufaqmifrsm; 1aum 12;28?29/ Pzuf 4;11/
p/ toif;awmfxJ qufvufaeaom qkvufaqmif (róJ 23;34/ wrefawmf 13;1/ 15;32/ a&mr 12;6/
1aum 12;10?28-29/ 13;2/ {zuf 4;11)/ ¤if;onf wcgwavtrsKd;orD;rsm;ü jzpfonf/ (vkum
2;36/ wref 2;17/ 21;9/ 1aum 11;4-5)
q/ tem*wfa[mMum;csufjzpfaom Asm'dwfusrf;udk nGef;onf (Asm 1;3/ 22;7?10?18?19)
3/ "r®opf ya&mzufrsm;
u/ "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm; (or®musrf;pm) uJhodkY 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aomtjcm; Asm'dwf
awmf frsm;ray;Muacs/ ]],kHMunfjcif;}} qdkaom pum;onf wrefawmf 6;7/ 13;8? 14;22/ *v 1;23/
3;23/ 6;10/ zdvdyÜd 1;27/ ,k' 3?20 wdkYü yg&Sdojzifh þt&mrSm rSefuefEdkifonf/
þoabmudk ,k' 3ü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkYü txufu tyfay; (wpfcgwnf;ESifh
tjyD;tydkif tjrJtwGuf) cJhjyD;aom ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;}} ... [lí yg&Sdonf/ ]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjrJtwGuf
,kHMunfjcif;}} [kqdk&mü or®musrf;rsm;? Mo0g'rsm;? cH,lcsufrsm;? c&pf,mef\ avmutjrifwdkYudk qdkvdkonf/
]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh
tjrJtwGuf}}
[lítav;teufajymjcif;onf
"r®opfusrf;a&;om;jyKpkjcif;twGuf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;udk &nfnTef;jyD;¤if;tm; "r®oabmw&m;t& uefhowfrIjyK&ef or®musrf; enf;us
tajccHjzpfum? ¤if;onf aemufydkif; (0g) tjcm;a&;om;rIrsm;udk zGifhjyjcif;tjzpf cGifhrjyKacs/ "r®opfusrf;ü
t"dyÜg,f roJuJGaom? r&Sif;vif;aom? raocsmaom u@rsm;pGm&SdonfrSefaomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh
usifhokH;jcif;twGuf vdktyfaomt&m tm;vkH; "r®opfusrf;ü vkHavmuf&Sif;vif;pGmyg&Sdonf[k ,kHMunfol
lrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh twnfjyKonf/ þoabmudk ]]zGifhjyjcif;qdkif&mMwd*H}} onf tao;pdwfjyoonf/
(1) bk&m;ocifonf tcsdefae&m\ ordkif;xJ rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyonf/ (zGifhjyjcif; (REVELATION)
(2) olonf rdrd\ vkyfaqmifrItm; rSwfwrf;jyK&efESifh &Sif;jy&ef tcsKdUvlom;pma&;q&mrsm; a&G;cs,fonf/
(0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;)
(3) vlom;rsm;onf þa&;om;rIrsm;udk em;vnfEdkif&ef olwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;udk zGifhay;ap&ef
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ 0dnmOfawmfudk olwdkYtm;ay;onf/ em;vnfonfqdk&mü twdtusr[kwfbJ
u,fwifjcif;ESifh c&pf,meftoufwmxda&mufap&ef vkHavmufjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ (em;vnf
oabmaygufapjcif;)/ t"duqdkvdkcsufrSm 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;[lonf or®musrf;pm a&;om;
olrsm;ü uefYowfxm;onf [lí jzpf\/
trdefYtmPmydkifaom aemufxyfta&;tom;? ½lyg½kH (0g) zGifhjyjcif; [lír&Sdacs/ or®musrf;pmudk
uefYowfxm;cJhjyDjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifudk oifhavsmfvkHavmufpGm wkHUjyefEdkif&ef vdktyforQ or®musrf;pmwdkUü
&SdcJhjyDjzpf\/ þor®mw&m;udk or®musrf;pma&;om;olrsm;\ oabmnDnTwfrIü taumif;qkH;awGU&onf/ ¤if;rSm
pdwf&if;rSefjyD;? bk&m;udk &dkaoaom ,kHMunfoltcsKdU\ oabmxm;rnDnTwfrIESifh rlqefYusifbufjzpfaeonf/
acwfopfpma&;ol? a[majymolrnfolürqdk or®musrf;pma&;om;olrsm;ü &SdcJhaom bk&m;\ tcGifhtmPm
acgif;aqmifrItqifhtwef;r&Sdacs/
c/ "r®opf ya&mzufrsm;onf "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh qifwlrItcsKdU&Sdonf/
365
(1) a&SUjzpfa[mjcif; (aygvk?wrefawmf 27;22/ tm*Ak wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10?11/ tjcm;emrnf
razmfjyaom ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmf 20;23)
(2) w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk aMumfjim (aygvk 13;11/ 28;25-28)
(3) tjzpftysufwpfck ay:vGifpGm o½kyfazmfaom ykHaqmifcsuftjyKtrl (tm*Ak wrefawmf 21;11)
*/ {0Ha*vd or®mw&m;udk a&SUjzpfa[mjcif;ykHpHjzifh wpfcgwpfavaMumfjimMuonf (wrefawmf 11;27-28/
20;23/ 21;10-11)/ odkYaomf ¤if;rSm rlvpl;pdkufrI[kwfacs/ 1aum&dEÅKxJyg&Sdonfh ya&mzufjyKjcif;rSm
tajccHtm;jzifh owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[mjcif;jzpfonf/ (14;24?39)
C/ topfaom tajctae "avhxkH;pH (0g) tcsdefumvwpfckpDtwGuf acwfjydKifzGifhjyrIrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\
or®mw&m;tm; vufawGUtokH;jyK&ef xdk"r®opf ya&mzufrsm;rSm 0dnmOfawmf\ acwfjydKif vkyfaqmifrI
jzpfonf/ (1aum 14;3)
i/ aygvk yg0ifaom toif;awmfrsm;\ tapmydkif;umvrsm;ü olwdkYvIyf&Sm;yg0ifMuonf/ (1aum 11;4-5/
12;28?29/ 13;29/ 14;1?3?4?5?6?22?24?29?31?32?37?39/ {zuf 2;20/ 3;5/ 4;11/ 1ouf 5;20)
Didache üvnf; ya&mzufrsm;taMumif;azmfjyum (yxr&mpk aemufydkif; (0g) 'kwd,&mpktwGif;
a&;om;onf/ tcsdefumvraocsm) ajrmuftmz&duü 'kwd,ESifhwwd,&mpkESpfrsm;twGif; rGefwed0g'
(Montanism) üvnf; azmfjyonf/
4/ "r®opfusrf;xJ qkaus;Zl;rsm;&yfqdkif;oGm;cJhjyDaom
u/
þar;cGef;udk tajzay;&ef cufcJonf/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuftm; t"dyÜg,f
owfrSwfjcif;onf xdktaMumif;t&m&Sif;vif;a0&ef ulnDonf/ xdkqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf {0Ha*vd
w&m;tpjyKa[majymjcif;tm; twnfjyKay;&ef t"duavm¿ odkYr[kwf toif;awmfonf rdrdudk,frdrdESifh
aysmufqkH;aom urÇmMuD;tm; tapcH&ef qufvufaeaom enf;y,frsm;avm¿
c/ þar;cGef;udk tajz&ef toif;awmfordkif; (0g) "r®opfusrf;b,f[mudk Munfhrnfenf;¿ qkaus;Zl;rsm;
acwÅ,m,DtwGufom jzpfonf[laom azmfjycsufrsKd; "r®opfusrf;ü r&Sdacs/ þudpötaMumif;ajym&ef
1aum 13;8-13 tokH;jyKvdkolrsm;onf xdpmydk'fü pma&;ol\ &nf&G,fcsufudk vTJrSm;pGm
okH;jcif;omjzpfonf/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'fü cspfjcif;arwÅmuvJTvQift&m tm;vkH;aysmufuG,f
rnftaMumif;
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
*/ tcGifhtmPmqdkonfrSm toif;awmfordkif;r[kwfbJ? "r®opfusrf;omvQifjzpf&um;?qkaus;Zl;rsm; qufvuf
foGm;aeonf[k ajym&ef uREkfyfaoG;aqmifjcif;cHae&ygonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapteufjyefjcif;udk ,Ofaus;rI
(culture) onf xdcdkufonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfonf/ rl&if;pmü tvGef&Sif;vif;aomt&m tcsKdUtokH;
jyKír&awmhacs/ (oefY&Sif;aomterf;? trsKd;orD;acgif;zkH;? tdrfü toif;awmfpnf;a0;jcif; ... pojzifh)
,Ofaus;rIonf rlvpmudk xdcdkufonf qdkygu? toif;awmfordkif;onf tb,faMumifh rxdcdkufbJ
aernfenf;¿)
C/ ¤if;rSm twdtusrajzEdkifaom &dk;pif;onfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ tcsKdU,kHMunfolrsm;onf ]]&yfqJjcif;}} twGuf
ckcHumuGufay;MurnfjzpfjyD;? tjcm;olrsm;onf ]]r&yfqJjcif;}} twGuf ckcHajymqdkMurnfjzpfonf/
tjcm;aom teufjyefjcif; u@rsm;pGm rSmenf;wl þu@müfvnf; ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;rSm
t"duaomhcsufjzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;xJu t"dyÜg,fwdusonfh rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ,Ofaus;rI
ordkif;onf xdcdkufrI&SdjyD;? rnfonf taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm tcsdeftm;vkH;ESifh toif;awmf tm;vkH;twGuf
jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&efcufcJonf/ Fee and Stuart's How to Read the Bible for All Its
Worth, pp. 14-19ESifh 69-77) vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef&SdrItaMumif; a&mr 14;1-15;13 ESifh 1aum 810 wdkYü aqG;aEG;csufwdkYta&;MuD;onf/ þar;cGef; tajzay;&mü ta&;MuD;tcsufESifh &yf&Sdonf/
366
(1) ,kHMunfolwkdif;onf rdrdwdkYü&Sdaom tvif;tm;jzifh oGm;&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwdkY\
ESvkH;om;ESifh rdrdwdkY bmhaMumifhvkyfonf[laomt&mudk Munfhonf/
(2) ,kHMunfolwdkif;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; olwdkY\ ,kHMunfem;vnfrItm;jzifh oGm;cGifhjyK&ygrnf/
or®musrf;pm\ uefUowfrIe,fy,ftwGif; onf;cHjcif;&Sd&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk
olcspfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkt
Y csif;csif;udkvnf; cspfapvdkonf/
i/ þtaMumif;t&m\ tusOf;csKyfrSm c&pf,mefonf ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh touf&Sifjcif;jzpfjyD;
pkHvifjynfh0aom "r®oabmw&m;wpf&yfr[kwfac/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;udk
tusKd;oufa&mufonfh bk&m;&SifESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;onf wdusaom taMumif;t&mwpfck (0g)
t,l0g'xufydkrdkta&;ygonf/
]],kHMunfjcif;twdkif;twmudk vdkufvsuf}} ¤if;onf ti,f 3üonfh ]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDtm;
,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tqwpfckpDay;onfhtwdkif;}} qdkonfhtcsufESifh wdkuf&kdufqufoG,fonf/ ({zuf 4;7)/
¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdonfh qkaus;Zl;tm; rnfodkY tokH;jyK&rnfudkajymaom ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh
taMumif;t&mESifhvnf; qufpyf&ygrnf/ tajccHtm;jzifh *v 5;22-23ü pm&if;jyKpkxm;onfh 0dnmOfawmf
toD;jzpfaom rdrdwdkYwpfOD;csif;tm; bk&m;ocifay;onfh trIawmfrsm; aqmif&Guf&mü ,kHMunfol\
pdwfaeoabm? vkyf&jcif;taMumif;&if;ESifh pGrf;tm;rsm;taMumif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
12;7
NASB
]]trIaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygu}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]odkYr[kwf trIaqmif&Gufjcif;? ¤if;udk igwdkY\ trIaqmif&Gufjcif;ü tokH;jyKMupdkY}}
TEV
]]tapcH&efjzpfygu? uRefawmfwdkY tapcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf}}
NJB
]]tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufjzpfygu? ¤if;udk tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufokH;yg}}
*&da0g[m& (diakonia)twGuf wdusaom t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;r&Sdojzifh acwfopfbmomjyef
usrf;rsm;uJGjym;&jcif;jzpfonf/ jzpfEdkifaom t"dyÜg,frSm (1) vufawGUaqmif&Gufjcif;odkYr[kwf (2)
tkyfcsKyfjcif;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 6;1/ 1aum 12;5?28)/ Harold K Moulton jyKpkonfh The Analitical Greek
Lexicon Revised) a&mr 12;7/ 1aum 12;5/ aum 4;17/ 2wd 4;5 wdkYü ]]tvkyfvkyfykH? trIawmfodkYr[kwf&kH;}}
[k t"dyÜg,fzGifhonf/ (pm-92)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyft& t"dupl;pdkufjyKonfrSm tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;udk
ulnDjcif;jzpfonf/
]]oGefoifaomolrsm;onf ..... oGefoifjcif;jyKvsuf}}qkvufaqmif (didasko) udk 1aum 12;28Esifh 14;26
wdkYü pm&if;jyKpkxm;onf/ ¤if;onf wrefawmf 13;1u ya&mzufrsm;? {zuf 4;11u oif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESifh
qufpyfonf/ þqkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd;aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tvkyfvkyfaeMuaMumif;
ueOD;toif;awmfonf &Sif;vif;pGmjrifxm;onf/ a[majymjcif; ya&mzufjyKjcif;? {0Ha*vdvkyfjcif;ESifh
oGefoifjcif;tm;vkH;wdkYonf {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumfjimjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? txl;jyKrIESifh enf;vrf;uJGjym;onf/
12;8 ]]wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfolrsm;onf ... wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;jyKvsuf}} þa0g[m&jzpfaom (parakaleo)
onf oGefoifjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ (1wd 4;13)/ ¤if;rSm or®mw&m;tm; b0toufwmü usifhokH;wwfjcif;udk
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;jyif {zuf 4;15?16ü ]]or®mw&m;udk arwÅmjzifh ajymvsuf... udk,fcE¨monf
rdrdudk,frdrdarwÅmjzifh wnfaqmufvsuf...}} wdkYESifhvnf; qufpyfonf/
367
]]ay;urf;aom olonf &ufa&mpGm ay;urf;vsuf}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / &ufa&mjcif; ^pdwf&if;rSefjcif;(HAPLOTES)
þa0g[m& (hhaplotes) ü ]]&ufa&m}} odkYr[kwf ]]pdwf&if;rSef}} [laom t"dyÜg,fyÜg;ESpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm ½lyg½kH
(vision) ESifh qufpyfaom wifpm;rIjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif rsufpdudk vIyf&Sm;jcif;taMumif;&if;tm;
wifpm;jcif;tjzpfESpfrsKd;okH;onf/
1/ qdk;aom rsufvkH; (uyfap;eJjcif;/ w&m;a[m 15;9/ okwÅH 23;6/ 28;22/
2/ aumif;aom rsufvkH; (&ufa&mjcif;/ okwÅH 22;9)
a,½Ionf þokH;EIef;yHkudk vdkufonf/ (róJ 6;22-23/ 20;15) aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifh
okH;onf/
1/ ]]½kd;pif;jcif;}} pdwf&if;rSefjcif;? pifMu,fjcif; (2aum 1;12/ 11;3/ {zuf 6;5/ aum 3;22)
2/ ]]&ufa&mjcif;}} (a&mr 12;8/ 2aum 8;2/ 9;11/ 13)
]]acgif;aqmifaom olonf ZJGvkHYvjzifh}} ¤if;onf c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrItm; &nfnTef;onf/
]]u½kPmjyolonf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh}} ¤if;onf vlemrsm;ESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; ulnDrIudk
&nfnTef;onf/ EIwfuywfawmf a[majymjcif;ESifh ,kHMunfol todkif;t0dkif;\ vlrIa&;udpörsm;udk pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;
tm; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdap&acs/ ¤if;wdkYrSm '*Fg;jym;wpfjym;\ ESpfzufomvQifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ]]vlrIa&;
{0Ha*vd w&m;}} [lír&SdbJ ]]{0Ha*vdw&m;}} omvQif&Sdonf/
ti,f 1-8 twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;
1/ oif\ udk,fcE¨mtm; touf&Sifaom ,Zfaumiftjzpfay;vSLqufuyfjcif;ü rnfonfh t&myg0ifoenf;¿
2/ ,kHMunfolwdkif;ü 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;&Sdygovm; (3-8/ 1aum 12;7) odkYjzpfvQif rdrdMudKuf&mudk
a&G;,lMujcif;avmh¿
3/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;¿
4/ or®usrf;pmü 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm; tjynfhtpkHygaom pm&if;&Sdygovm;¿
5/ vlwpfa,mufonf rdrd&aom qkaus;Zl;udk rnfodkY cJGjcm;od&Sd&oenf;¿
ti,f9-20 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ þu@udk ]]wpfOD;csif;qdkif&m? qufqHa&;twGuf c&pf,mefvrf;nTefcsufrsm;}} [lí taumif;qkH;
acgif;pOfwyfEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm cspfjcif;arwÅmESifh qdkifaom vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;taMumif; aqG;aEG;rI
Ijzpfonf/ (róJ 5-7/ 1aum 13/ 1,m 3;18/ 4;7-21)/
c/ a&mrtcef;MuD; 12onf taMumif;t&mESifh wnfaqmufykHwdkYü 1aum&dEÅK 12-13 ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;taMumif; aqG;aEG;jyD;onfESifh wjydKifeufrmefrmetm; owday;jcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmtm;
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHwpfcktjzpf usifhokH;jcif;wdkYudk tav;teufjyKrIrsm;vdkufygvmonf/
*/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'ftwGif;yg&SdonfrSm
1/ tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;ESifh qufqHjcif; (12;9-13) ¤if;taMumif; 14;1-15;13ESifh 1aum 8;11/ 10;2333wdkYü vnf; tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;onf/
368
2/ r,kHMunfolrsm;odkYr[kwf ydkí jzpfEdkifonfrmS y#dyu©jzpfaeaom tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;ESifh qufqHa&;
(12;14-21) jzpfonf/ þu@onf a,½I\ awmifay:a'oemawmftm; xif[yfonfESifhwlonf/
(róJ 5-7)/
3/ þtydkif;\ pmydk'fcJGykHrSm vlYvuf&moufoufjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm u@wpfckESifhwpfck xyfaeonf/
C/ þpmydk'fü touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwGuf awmufavQmuf ynwfcsufrsm;MuD;pdk;aeonf/ (PRESENT IMPERATIVE
i,f 4 (okH;cg)? 16? 20 (ESpfcg)? 21 (ESpfcg) ESifh PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE tm; IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh
tMudrfaygif;wq,fckESpfcg) okH;onf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf c&pfawmfjyD;pD;cJhaom tvkyfESifh 0dnmOfawmf\
ydk;yef;rIrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfqdkif&m tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfonfrSefaomfvnf; ¤if;udk
wpfcgvufcHcJhjyDqdkvQif
t&mcyfodrf;udk
ay;qyfaom
qufuyftyfESHjcif;ESifh
touf&Sifjcif;
ykHpHwpfckjzpfonfμ a,½Iudk ]]udk,fawmf&Sif}} [kac:jcif;rSm wifpm;rIwpfrsKd;um;r[kwfygacs (vkum 6;46)μ
i/ þpmydk'fonfvnf; qufvufjzpfay:aecJhjyD;jzpfaomvkyaf qmifrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhvdkufjcif;t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom
NEGATIVE
PARTICLE
yg&Sdaom IMPERATIVE t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onfh PRESENT PARTICIPLE
tawmfrsm;rsm;yg&Sdonf/ ti,f 14? 16 (ESpMf udrf)? 17?19 ESifh 21/ c&pf,mefwdkUrSm
tuefYtowfrJhtouf&SifaeMujyDjzpfonfμf
tjypf[lonf
tjrifwpfrsKd;tm;jzifh
bk&m;ocif\
qkaus;Zl;rsm;udk
bk&m;ocifay;onfh
uefYowfrIabmiftm;
ausmfvGefí
,lxm;jcif;[k
t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfEdkifonf/
p/
c&pf,mef[lonf ]]zGifhxm;aomt&m}}
zGifhxm;aomwHcg; (,mukyf 2)
jzpf&ygrnf/
zGifhxm;aom
pdwfESvkH;?
zGifhxm;aomvuf?
pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;
9
cspfjcif;arwÅmonf [efaqmifjcif;ESifh uif;ap? qdk;aomt&mudk &&SmMuavmh/ aumif;aomt&mü
wG,fuyfMuavmh/ 10npftpfudk cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspftm; MuD;Muavmh/ *kPfjyK&mü
tcsif;csif;wdkYtm;ydkíjyKMuavmh/ 11ZJGvkH;vjyK&mü aESmifhaES;usefscJhjcif;r&SdaESmifh/ ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&mü
pdwftm;xufoefMuavmh/ 12arQmfvifhvsuf 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ 'ku©a&mufonfhtcg ZGJ&SdMuavmh/
qkawmif;jcif;ü qufuyfMuavmh/ 13oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ulnDMuavmh/ {nfhonf0wfudkjyKMuavmh/
12;9 ]]cspfjcif;arwÅmonf [efaqmifjcif;ESifh uif;ap}} *&dvufa&;usrf;ü pum;vkH;csif; tquftpyf
(asyndeton) r&Sdjcif;rSm *&dt&yfokH;pum; Koine Greek ü rMuHKpzl;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm róJ 5xJu
aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;\ a[jAJo'´goabmxif[yfrIjzpfEdkifonf/ þo'´gzGJUpnf;ykHonf þpum;pk wpfckpDrSm
wpfckcsif;oD;oefY&yfwnfaom or®mw&m;wpfckpDtm; tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfayrnf/
]][efaqmif hypocrisy}} [lonf ]]rsufESmzkH;pGyfí pum;ajymjcif;}} [laom ZmwfobifokH;
a0g[m&jzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwÅmtm; [efaqmifíjzpfap? twkvkyfíjzpfap rupm;&acs/ (2aum 6;6)/
cspfjcif;arwÅmonf ,kHMunfolrsm;\ Muiftifvu©Pmjzpfonf/ (a,m 13;34-35/ 15;12?17/ 1a,m
3;11?18/ 4;7-21)/ taMumifrSm ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ Muiftifvu©mjzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/
369
]]qdk;aomt&mudk &GH&SmMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm
oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsmm;onf qdk;oGrf;rIudk thHMoum? ¤if;udk qefYusifawmfvGefMu&efvdkonf/ (1ouf 5;2122)/ rdrdwdkY\ toufwmtm; wdkuf&dkufxdcdkufaom tusKd;qufrsm;udk omvQif uRefawmfwdkY
tHhtm;oifhavh&SdMuonf/
IMPERATIVE

NASB, NKJV
]]aumif;aomt&mü wG,fuyfMuavmh/}}
NRSV
]] aumifaomt&mudk jrJjrJqkyfudkifMuavmh/}}
TEV
]] aumif;aomt&mudk qufvufpJGudkifMuavmh/}}
NJB
]]aumif;aomt&mü uyfaeMuavmh/}}
¤if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE (odkYaomf MIDDLE oabmjzifh okH;onfh PARTICIPLE jzpfjyD; IMPERATIVE jzifh
okH;onfh ]]aumfjzifhuyfonf}} [k qdkvdkonf/ (LXX \ urÇm 2;24/ wref 8;29 ESifh zdvdyÜd 4;8/ 1ouf 5;21-22
wdkYüvnf tvm;wlokH;onf/) ZJGvkHYvESifhpJGjrJjcif;vdktyfrIrsm;udk rSwfom;ygμ
12;10
]]nDtpfudkarwÅmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspftm;MuD;Muavmh/}}
]]nDtpfudkarwÅmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspfcifMuifemMuavmh/}}
]]tjyeftvSeftcspfjzifh tcsif;csif;cspfMuavmh/}}
]]c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh tcsif;csif;aEG;axG;pGmcspfavmh/}}
]]nDtpfudkrsm;ü jyK&rnfhtwdkif;? wwfEdkiforQwpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufcspfMuavhm/}}
¤if;rSm ]]nDtpfudkarwÅm}} ESifh ]]rdom;pkarwÅm}} ESpfckaygif;pyfaom *&da0g[m& (phileo + storge)
jzpfjyD; "r®opfusrf;wGif þae&müomokH;onf/ uREkfyfwdkYtcsif;csif;cspfMu&rnf[k ynwfxm;onf (1ouf
4;9)/
4if;rSm *&d0gusrsm;ü tav;teufjyK&ef yxrqkH;onfhoGif;tokH;jyKonfh yxrqkH; dative
wJGrsm;jzpfonf/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

NASB ]]*kPfjyK&mü tcsif;csif;wdkYtm; ydkíjyKMuavmh/}}
NRJV ]]*kPfjyK&mü tcsif;csif;wdkYtm; ydkí ay;Muavmh/}}
NRSV ]]*kPfjyK&mü tcsif;csif;ay;Muavmh/}}
TEV ]]tcsif;csif;&dkaoav;pm;rIjyo&ef pdwftm;oefMuavmh/}}
NJB ]]tcsif;csif;av;eufpGm &dkaoav;pm;Muavmh/}}
¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdESifh y#dnOfcHazmf? cHbufjzpfaom tjcm;olrsm;udk rdrdxufydkí ta&;MuD;olrsm;
tjzpfjyKrIqufqH&ygrnf/ ({zuf 4;2/ zd;2;3)
12;11
NASB
NRJV
]]ZJGvkHYvjyK&mü aESmif;aES;usefcJhjcif;r&SdMuESifh/}}
]]ZJGvkHYvjyK&mü raESmifhaES;MuESifh/}}
370
]] pdwftm;MuD;&mü rzifhETJMuESifh/}}
]]tvkyfMudK;pm;í rysif;&dMuESifh/}}
NJB ]]rem;raetm;[kwfvsuf ocifbk&m;twGuf tvkyfvkyfMuavmh/}}
ppfrSefaomarwÅmonf MuD;rm;aompGrf;tm;jzpfay:aponf/ (*v 6;9)/
NRSV
TEV

NASB, NKJV ]]pdwftm;xufoefMuavmh/}}
NRSV
]]pdwf"mwfjyif;jyMuavmh/}}
TEV
]]tjynfht0qufuyfaom pdwfESvkH;jzifh/}}
NJB ]]MuD;rm;aom EId;Mum;onfh pdwfjzifh/}}
¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifhokH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm
]]qlyGufonf}} [líjzpf\/ ¤if;onf topfarG;zGm;aom vl\ 0dnmOf (0g) txJü usdef;0yfaom 0dnmOfawmfudk
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (RSV. wrefawmf 18;25/ Asm 3;15-16)/
]]ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&mü}} ¤if;rSm
jzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/
rluJGvufa&;usrf;wpfusrf;&Sdonf/ wcsKdU*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfaom taemufwdkif;tkyfpkrsm; (MSS D, F ESifh G) wdkYü
]]ocifbk&m; (kurios) tpm;}} tcsdefrD tcsdefü (kairos) [lí yg&Sdonf/ tcGifhaumif;MuHKonfhtwdkif;
ocifbk&m;ESifh ol\ toif;awmftm; tapcHjcif;udk tav;teufjyKvdkjcif;jzpfayrnf/ (a,m[ef 9;4/ {zuf
5;16)/
jzpfEdkifacs t&SdqkH;rSm kurious udk em;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif; (0g) trSm;zwfrdjcif;? a&;rdjcif; jzpfayrnf/
ta[mif;qkH;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh P46, Aleph, B wdkYü ]]ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&mü}} [kyg&Sdonf/ UBS
onf ]]ocifbk&m;}} tm; ]]aocsm}} (A) tqifhowfrSwfcsuf/
IMPERATIVE
12;12 ]]arQmfvifhvsuf0rf;ajrmufMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE tjzpfokH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpfonf/ (5;2)
]]arQmfvifh}} [laom a0g[m&udk 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;ESifh qufpyfí okH;avh&Sdonf/ (5;2/
8;24/ 15;13/ 1ouf 5;8) ¤if;rSm t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;rSm uJhodkY pdwfqEóabmrQomjzpfaom
ajrmfvifhjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? "r®opfusrf;\ t"dyÜg,ffrSm aocsmaomtjzpftysufjzpfjyD;? tcsdefumvrSm rl
twdtusem;rvnf&acs/ 4;18 ESifh 5;2 wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;ü tjynfhtpkHMunfhyg/
]]ZJG&SdMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm
jzifhoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&\
t"dyÜg,frSm ]]vGwfvyfaom? apwemESifhjyKaom? Mum&SnfcHaom NrJNrJjcif;}} [líjzpfonf/
IMPERATIVE
 ]]'ku©a&mufonfhtcg}} 5;3?5 rSmenf;wl ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}udk 'ku©cHjcif; (thlipsis) ESifh qufpyfonf/ ¤if;rSm
usqif;aom avmuxJc&pfawmfaemufvdkufolrsm;twGuf pHcsdefjzpfonf/ (róJ 5;10-12/ a,m16;1-3/
17;14? wrefawmf 14;22/ a&mr 5;3-4/ 8;17/ 2aum 4;16-18/ 16;3-10/ 11;23-30/ zd 1;29/ 1ouf
3;3/ 2wd 3;12/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-16)/ ¤if;udk wul;wu &SmazG&efr[kwfonfenf;wl
a&Smif&Sm;&efvnf;r[kwfacsμ ]]txl;tMumif;t&m}} 'ku©qif;&J-5;3ü Munfhyg/
371
]]qkawmif;jcif;ü qufuyfMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm
tjzpfoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICLE
wpfckjzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m pnf;urf;csufwpfESifh urÇmhordkif;ü bk&m;ocif\
wefcdk;awmfvkyfaqmifrIudk
od&Sdapaom
vufaqmifwpfckjzpfonf/,HkMunfolrsm;onf
cspfawmfrlol
aumif;uifbHk&Siftzudk wdkYxdrIjyKEdkifMuygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrduav;rsm;\ qkawmif;rIrsm;tajzay;&ef
twGuf rdrdudk,frdrd uefYowfjcif;jyKonf/ (wrefawmf 1;14/ 2;42/ 6;4/ {zuf 6;18-19/ aum4;2)/ ¤if;onf
qkawmif;jcif;tm; pdk;&GHUbG,&f mwm0ef 0wå&m; jzpfoGm;aponf/ Clinton Arnold a&;aom Three Crucial
Questions About Spritual Warfare, pp. 43-44, 187-188 üMunfhyg/
IMPERATIVE
12;13
NASB, NRSV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ulnDMuavmh}}
NKJV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ay;urf;Muavmh}}
TEV ]]rdrd\ c&pf,meftaygif;tazmfrsm;tm; oifü &Sdaomt&mrsm; ay;a0yg}}
NJB ]]csdKYwJhaom bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;ol rnfolrqdkay;a0yg}}
*&dBud,m koinoneo onf ]]taygif;toif;jyKonf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ þa0g[m&onf
aygvktwGuf
t"dyÜg,fus,fjyefYonf/ ¤if;onf {0Ha&vdw&m;rSmenf;wl ypönf;OpömvdktyfrIü taygif;toif; jzpfjcif;
ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkqdkvdkonf/ (*v 6;6)/ ¤if;onf c&pfawmf\ 'ku©qif;&JESifh (zd3;8-10/ 1ay 4;13) aygvk\
'ku©qif;&JwdkYtm; a0rQjcif;twGufyifoHk;onf/ (zd 4;14)/ c&pfawmfESifh aygif;zufjcif;[lonf olYvlrsm;ESifh
tqifhwdkif;ü aygif;azmfjcif;rnfayonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm; -1;7ü Munfhyg/
¤if;rSm IMPREATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;aom PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ (okwåH 3;27/ *v 6;10)/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf a,½I\ emrawmftm;jzifh tjcm;olrsm;twGufydkí rsm;rsm;&Sdap&ef tvkyfBudK;pm;MuzdkY
jzpfonf/ (2 aum8;11-12/ {zuf 4;28)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
KOINŌNIA
þa0g[m&(koinonia) \t"dyÜg,frSm
]]rdo[m&}}
1/ vlyk*¾dKvfESifheD;uyfpGm oufqdkifonf/
(u) om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;6? 1aum 1;9)
(c) 0dnmOfawmfESifh (2aum 13;13? zdvdyÜd 2;1)
(*) crnf;awmf? om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;3)
(C) y#dOmOfcH0iftjcm;nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;ESifh/ (1a,m 1;7? wref2;24? *vm2;9? zdav17)
2/ t&m0x¬Krsm; odkYr[kwf t&m0x¬Ktkyfprk sm;ESifh eD;uyfpGmoufqdkifonf/
(u) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ESifh (zdvdyÜd 1;5? zdvdrkef6)
(c) c&pfawmf\ taoG;awmfESifh (1aum 10;16)
(*) arSmifrdkufESifh roufqdkif (2aum 6;14)
(C) 'ku©qif;&JESifh (zdvdyÜd 3;10? 4;14? 1ay 4;13)
3/ &ufa&mpGmjyKaom vufaqmifodkYr[kwf tultnD/ (a&mr 12;13? 15;26? 2aum 8;4? 9;13? zdvdyÜd 4;15?
a[NAJ 13;16)
4/ vlom;ESifh bk&m;ocif? vlom;ESifh ol\nDtpfudk armifESrrsm; tMum; rdó[m, jyefvnf azmfaqmifaom
c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfvufaqmif
¤if;onf vlom;\ a'giffvdkufqufqHa&; (vlom;ESifhzefqif;&Sif)tm;jzifh jzpfvmaom tvsm;vdkuf
qufqHa&;udk (vlom;tcsif;tcsif;) udk ajymonf/ xdkYjyif c&pf,mef vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGuf vdktyfcsufESifh
0rf;ajrmufrItwGufudkvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ Bud,mrsm;u vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; þtcsuftm;
372
pwifcHpm;jcif;ESifh qufvufawGYMuHKcHpm;oGm;jcif;udk txl;jyKonf/ (1;3) (ESpfcg) 6?7)/ c&pf,mefqdkonfrSm
tpktaygif;ESifhjzpfonf/
]]{nfhonf0wfudkjyKvsuf}} ¤if;rSm
oabmESifh oHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,ftwdtusrSm ]]{nfhonf0wfjyKjcif;udk rSDatmifvdkufvsuf}} [líjzpfonf/ (14;19? 1wd 3;2?
wdwk1;8? a[NAJ 13;2? 1ay 4;9wdkY\ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ueOD;toif;awmfü þudpövGefpGm ta&;BuD;&jcif;rSm
]]wnf;cdkcef;rsm;}} qdk;&Gm;vSaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ t"du&nfnTef;csufrSm c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;aom
c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;tm; {nfhcHauR;arG;jcif; jzpfonf/
IMPERATIVE
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;14-21
14
oifhudk n§Of;qJaomolrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;ygonf/ usdefqJjcif;rydkYbJ arwåmydkYyg/ 150rf;omaom
olrsm;ESifh twl0rf;omí? idka<u;olrsm;ESifh idka<u;yg/ 16tcsif;csif;tay: pdwfoabmxm;nDnGwfapyg/
pdwfESvHk;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ ESdrfYcsaom olrsm;ESifhtaygif;toif;jyKyg/ ynm&Sdonf[k rdrdudk,frdrd rxifrSwfESifh/
17
rnfolYudkrQtqdk;udk tqdk;jzifh rnfonfhtcgrQrwHkYjyefESifh/ vltm;vHk;tjrifü rSefaomt&mudk pOf;pm;yg/
18
jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vHk;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmaeyg/ 19rdrdudk,frdrd vufwHkYjyefjcif;rnfonftcgürQ
rjyKygESifh/ cspfolwdkY trsufawmftwGuf ae&may;Muavmh/ tMumif;t&mrlum; or®musrf;pmü a&;om;onfrSm
vufwHkYjyefjcif;onf igESifhqdkif\/ igjyefvnfay;qyfrnf[líjzpf\/ 20odkYaomf oif\&efolqmavmifygu
tpmauR;um? a&iwfygu aomufp&may;avmh/ taMumif;rlum; xdkodkYjyKjcif;onf ol\ acgif;ay:ü
rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm; yHkxm;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k xm0&bk&m; rdefYawmfrl\/ 21qdk;oGrf;rI\ tEdkif,ljcif;udk
rcHbJ tqdk;udk taumif;jzifhEdkifyg/
12;14 ]]oifhudk nSif;qJaom olrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;yg}} ¤if;onf þti,fü ESpfcgoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE
IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ]]txl;csD;usL;pum;}} eulogy [laompum;onf þa0g[m&rS qif;oufjcif; jzpfNyD;
¤if;rSwqifh ]] bless aumif;BuD;ay;onfârwåmydkYonf}} jzpfvm\/ (róJ5;44? vkum 6;28/ 1aum 4;12?
,mukyf 3;9-12? 1ay 3;9)/ P46 (The Chester Beattry Papyri) ESifhvufa&; usrf; B (Vaticanus) wdkYü
]]oifwdkY}} pum;vHk;udk csefxm;um þazmfjycsufü tjcm;olrsm;yg0ifaponf/ odkYr[kwf ¤if;udk tjcm;
enf;vrf;jzifh azmfjyNyD; ydkíNcHKiHkaom azmfjyrIwpfckjzpfaponf/ ]]n§if;qJ}} qdkaompum;vHk; twGuf 14;19\
rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
 ]]rusdefqJbJ}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfcktm; &yfwefYaponf[laom t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
ygaom PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) IMPERATIVE
jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf
jyefvnfuvJhpm;acsay;&ef bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk ac:um qkawmif;jcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum12;3ü
&Sdaom usdefqJjcif;rsm;ESifh qifwlonf/) ¤if;onf npfnrf;apjcif; oabmr[kwfacs/ ({zuf 4;29? 1ay 3;9)/
NEGATIVE
PARTICLE
373
15;15 ]]0rf;ajrmufaom olrsm;ESifhtwl 0rfajrmufí idka<u;aomolrsm;ESifh twlidkauR;yg}} þ PRESENT
INFINITIVES ESpfckudk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf rdom;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunf
olrsm;rSm NydKifbufrsm;r[kwfbJ tcsif;csif; rdom;pk arwåmjzifh qufqHjyKrl&rnhfolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf
,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmaumif;rsm; odkYr[kwf tajctaersm;tm; owif;aumif; jyefYESHYap&ef tcGifhaumif;
rsm;tjzpf r,HkMunfoltokdif;t0dkif; tay: ,HkMunfolrsm;\ wm0efudk &nfnTefjcif; jzpfEkdifaMumif; ti,f14 rS
21\ oabmt& awGYEdkifygonf/
12; 26
NASB, NKJV ]]wa,muftay: wpfa,mufpw
d foabmxm; nDnGwfygap}}
NRSV
]]wa,mufESifhwpfa,muf nDnGwfpGm aeMuavmh/}}
TEV
]]vlwdkif;tm; nDwlnDrQ *&kpdkufyg/}}
NJB
]]vlwdkif;udk nDrQaom oem;Muifemrljzifh qufqHyg/}}
¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPEL jzpfonf/ (15;5? 2aum 13;11?
zdvdyÜd 2;2)/ ti,f 16udk atmufyg y#dyu© rsm;ESifhqdkifí½Ijrifjcif;jzpfonf/
1/ a&mrtoif;awmftxJ ,kHMunfol *sL;ESifh ,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; (11;13-24)
2/ toufMuD;olrsm;ESifh pD;yGg;a&; tqifhtwef;wef;csif;tMum;
3/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;uJGjym;jcm;em;jcif;tay:
4/ rsKd;OD;qdkif&m xkH;wrf;tpOftvmESifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qkdif&m rsufESmudkudkufrIrsm;
]]pdwfESvkH;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ
ESdrfhcsaom olrsm;ESifh taygif;toif;jyKyg/}} ¤if;rSm qufvufrsm;
aecJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfuefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&aom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf
PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ]]ESdrfhcsol}} [laom a0g[m&onf tzdk odkYr[kwf trvdif
r[kwfaomMum;aevdifjzpfEdkifonf/ tzdktrr[kwfaom vdifjzpfygu bmomjyef&mwGif ]]ESdrfhcsaom
wm0efrsm;udk vufcHyg}} [k qdk&rnfjzpfum tzdkvdifjzpfygu ]]qif;&Jaom odkYr[k ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;udk
taygif;toif;jyKyg}} [kqdk&rnfjzpfonf/
]]ynm&Sdonf[k
rdrdudk,frdrdrxifrSwfygeJY}}
¤if;rSm
qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom
tjyKtrlwpfckudk
&yfwefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonfh NEGATIVE PARTICLE DEPONENT jzpfonf/
(okwÅH 3;7 a[&Sm 5;21? 1aum 10;12? *v 6;3)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tcsif;csif;tm; tay:pD;í
qufqHjcif;jzpfap? r,kHMunfol todkif;t0dkif;tm; rmejzifh jzpfaprqufqH&acs/
12;17 ]]rnfoludkrQ tqdk;udk tqdk;jzifh rnfonfh tcgürQ rwkHUjyefESifh/}} ¤if;onf qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom
tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE abmjzifh
qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ taMumif;csif;&mwdkYtm; wnfhrwfvmap&efrSm
,kHMunfolrsm;r[kwfbJ bk&m;ociftm; vkyfaqmifap&efjzpfonf/ (okwÅH 20;22? 24;29? róJ 5;38-48?
vkum 6;27? 1ouf 5;15? 1ay 3;9)
]]vltm;vkH; tjrifü rSefaom t&mudk pOf;pm;yg/}} ¤if;rSm
oabmjzifh okH; aom PRESENT
MIDDLE PARTIVIPLE jzpfonf/ (2aum 8;21? 1ouf 5;22/ 1wd 3;7) ¤if;rSm *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX) \
okwÅH 3;4 tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;tm; {0Ha*vdvkyf&ef [laom
tjrifjzifh touf&SifMuonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf r,kHMunfolwpfa,muftm; vJapEdkifaom? okdYr[kwf
374
IMPERATIVE
pdrf;um;oGm;aprnfh t&mwpfckrQ tvkyf&acs/ (1aum 9;19-23) rdrdwdkY\ teuf½Idif;qkH; 0efwm&SdrIrsm;udkyif
cspfjcif;arwÅmay:vGifapaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh azmfjy&efjzpfonf/
12;18 ]]jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vkH;ESifh jidrfoufpGm aeyg}} ¤if;rSm pma&;oltjrü rSefonf[k
rSwf,laom t&m? odkYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfaom yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf yg0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk
PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckvdkufvmum IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfol\
pdwfMudKufa&G;cs,fjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; jzpfEdkifaom t&mjzpfaMumif; o'´gtokH;tEIef;jzifh azmfjyonf/ (rmuk
9;50? 2aum 13;11? 1ouf 5;13)
12;19 ]]rdrdudk,f rdrdvufwkH;jyefjcif; rnfonfhtcgürQ rjyKESifh/}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk
&yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT
ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpfonf/ xdkudpöudk waeYaomtcg bk&m;ocif wnfhrwfapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (0wfjyK
19;18? w&m; 32;35? a[jAJ 10;30)
]]or®musrf;pmü a&;onfrSm}} ¤if;rSm ta&SUtv,fydkifpmay\ twJGvdkufvdkufokH;aom pum;vkH; (tD'D,H)
tokH;tEIef; wpfrsKd;jzpfonfh PERFECT PASSIVE INDICTIVE
jzpfum? 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;í a&;aom
or®musrf;pmudk &nfnTef;onf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m þtokH;tEIef;onf ]]xm0&bk&m;&Sif
rdefYawmfrlonfhtwdkif;}} ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (1aum 14;21/ 2aum 6;17)/
12;20 ]]odkYaomf oif\ &efol}} ¤if;rSm tem*wfü jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,ff&Sdaom wwd,wef;pm;
cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ &efol [lonf vmOD;rnfomjzpfonf/
]]olYacgif;ay:rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;ykHxm;onf}} ¤if;rSm okwÅH 25;21-22udk nTef;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/
teufjyefykH oDtdk&Drsm;rSm
1/ ¤if;onf "avhxkH;pHESifhqdkifaom tokH;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfjyD; tD*spfrSvmjcif;jzpf[ef&Sdum? oem;Muifem
wwfjcif;onf &efolwpfa,muftm; rdwfaqGwpfa,muftjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;ap&ef taumif;qkH;enf;
jzpfonf/ AkH;cdkusif;wl;í tumtuG,f,lxm;aom 'kp&dkufay:üvnf; c&pf,mef\ wm0ef&Sdaeayao;onf/
(róJ 5;44)
2/ ]]rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;}} [lonf vlwpfa,muf\ oifhawmfavsmufywfjcif;r&Sdaom tjyktrlrsm;onf
tjcmol\ arwÅmESifh tjypfvTwfjcif; tvif;xJay:vmaomtcg cHpm;&aomt&Sif wuJGjzpf&jcif;udk
udk,fpm;jyKazmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (Ambrosiaster, Augustine and Jerome)
3/ Origen ESifh Chrysostom wdkYajymonfrSm c&pf,mefwdkY\oem; MuifemrIonf aemifwr&olrsm; tay:
bk&m;&Siftm; ydkrdkjyif;xefpGm w&m;pD&ifaponf/ (Jerome Bible Commentary, vol. 2, p. 326)
txufyg oDtdk&Drsm;rSm xdkrQomjzpfonf/ t"du aomhcsufrSm ti,f 21&Sd aygvk\ tusOf;csKyf
azmfjyrIjzpfonf/
12;21 ]]tqdk;jzifh t½I;rcHbJ? taumif;jzifh tEdkif,lyg}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh PRESENT ACTIVE
IMPERATIVE ESpfckjzpfonf/ raumif;aom jyKrlrItay: uRefawmfwdkY\ wkHUjyefrIonf rdrdwdkY\ twGif
jirfoufjcif;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufjcif; tqifhudk tqkH;tjzwfay;um? ay:vGifapvdrfhrnf/ cg;oD; emMunf;jcif;onf
0dnmOfa&;&muifqma&m*gjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf ¤if;udk bk&m;ocifxH qufuyf tyfESH&efjzpf\/
375
]]qdk;oGrf;}} ¤if;onf tzdkvdifjzpfygu qdk;oGrf;aom oludk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ /
16;20 ü Munfhyg)/ odkYr[kwf tzdkvdiftrvdifr[kwfaom Mum;aevdrfjzpfygu a,bk,sqdk;oGrf;rItm;
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (12;9/ 1ouf 5;21;22)/ ¤if;rSm "r®opf usrf;ü awGUaeus t"dyÜg,froJuJGrIjzpf
onf/ (róJ 5;37/ 6;13/ 13;19?28/ a,m 17;15/ 2ouf 3;3 / 1a,m 2;13-14/ 3;12/ 5;18-19)/
þtopfaom pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;rSm {0Ha*vdw&m;jzpfaMumif; owd&&efjzpfonf/
ti,f 9-21twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
þusrf;pm\
þtydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
1/ tb,faMumifh ti,f 6;21 twGuf PRESENT IMPERATIVES ac:apcdkif;rIrsm;ESifhtwl NEGATIVE PARTICLE
ac: ]]r[kwf}} jcif;jyaom pum;vkH;rsm; þrQrsm;jym;&oenf;/
2/ þti,frsm;twGif; cdkif;apcsufrsm;tm;vkH; oD;jcm;pmydk'f wpfckjzifh pm&if;jyKpkyg/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfESifh
aeYpOfwljcif; wnf;[laom xdwfvefYbG,f&m aumif;onfh vufawGUusvSaom p&if;wpfckyg/
3/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjcm; ,kHMunfolrsm; tay:jyKrlrIudk rnfonfh csufu&nfnTef;jyD;? r,HkMunfolrsm;
ay:jyKrlrItm; rnfonfh tcsufu &nfnTef;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&ef tb,faMumifh tvGefcufcJ&oenf;¿
376
a&mr 13
UBS4
NKJV
NRSV
tkyfcsKyfa&;
tm;emcHjcif;
13;1-7
tpdk;&tm;emcHjcif;
t&yfbuftmPm
ydkifrsm;tm;emcHjcif;
13;1-7
nDtpfudk
arwÅm
tdrfeD;csif;udkcspfyg
c&pf,mefESifhEdkifiHawmf EdkifiHawmftmPm
ydkifrsm;ay:wm0ef
13;1-7
13;1-5
13;6-7
arwÅmonf ynwf
tcsif;csif;ay:
w&m;jynfhpkHap
wm0ef0wÅ&m;
13;8-10
13;8-10
13;8-10
13;8-10
c&pfawmf
aeYeD;uyf
c&pfawmfudk0wfqif
c&pfawmf'kwd,<u
vmjcif;eD;uyf
13;11-14
13;11-14
13;11-14
13;1-7
TEV
13;8-10
NJB
arwÅmESifhppfyJG
tvif;\ uav;rsm;
13;11-14
13-14
13;11-14
ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg)
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
ti,f 1-7 tm;usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ tcef;MuD;12onf rlvtm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh ,kHMunfolrsm; (i,f 9;13)? vlrItokdif;t0dkif;&Sd tjcm;olrsm;
(i,f 14-21) ESifh qufqHa&;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? tcef;MuD; 13;1-7ü rl t"dutm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh
EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&qufqHa&;taMumif; yg&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtaMumif;t&mrsm; wpfckESifh
377
wpfckydkif;jcm;jcif; oabmum; rawGU&acs/ aygvkonf ¤if;wdkYudk wpfckwnf;tjzpf ½Ijrifonf/ avmuD
ta&;? avmukwÅ&m ta&;[lí ydkif;jcm;rI r&Sdacs/ touf[lorQ tm;vkH; bk&m;ocifydkifqdkifonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wdkif;ü b@mpdk;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ þtcef;MuD;ESpfcef;wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk 12;18ü
awGU&onf/
c/ EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&\ ae&mESifh qdkifí ,kHMunfolrsm; em;vnfykHrSm trsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü
tpdk;&onf um£e\ tquftEG,ftwGif; pwifjzpfay:wdk;wufvmonf/ (urÇm 14;16-22)/ AmAkvkef
arQmfpifMuD; (urÇm 11) rSm vlom;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS cJGxGufum? rdrd[mrdrdtkyfcsKyf&ef MudK;yrf;rIwpf&yf
jzpfonf/ tpöa&;twGif; &Sifbk&ifpepf\ t"dyÜg,frSm bk&m;ay;aom Oya'ESifh cefYtyfxm;aom odk;xdef;
(&Sifbk&if) tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrIjzpfaomfvnf; vlom;\ tjypfaMumifh ¤if;rSm ratmifjrifcJhacs/
tpdk;&\ rSefuefaom ae&mtaMumif; róJ 22;21ESifh rmuk 12;17 wdkYü aqG;aEG;rIwdkYrSm
tcsuftcsmjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü (ti,f1-7 ESifh 11onf róJ 22;15-22 ESifh 39 wdkYESifh
qifwlaomfvnf;) a,½Iajymaom pum;rsm;udk aygvkrazmfjyjcif;rSm tHhtm;oifhp&maumif;ygonf/
usqif;aom
urÇmtm;
tkyfcsKyf&ef
bk&m;ocifay;aom
aumif;rGefonfh
rlrsm;&Sdygonf/
wrefawmfMuD;rsm;onf rMumcPyif tpdk;&ESifh bmoma&; tmPmydkifrsm; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ESifh rnfuJhodkY
qufqH&rnfudk MudK;pm; &kef;uefcJhMu&onf/ vlom;tmPmydkifrsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; tay: trSDjyKum
tjyKoabm wm0efESifh tzsufoabmwm0ef ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ aygvkonf tpdk;&\
tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh nTef;qJjcif; ESpfrsKd;vkH; cHcJhonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap Asm'dwfusrf;ürl a,m[efonf
tpdk;&tm; MuD;rm;aom jynfhwefqmr (Asm 17) [kac:onf/
tpdk;&onf 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwftm; azgufzsufusL;vGef;jcif;r&Sd oa&GU
odkYr[kwf t<uif;rJh opöawmfcHjcif; rawmif;oa&GU uRefawmfwdkYonf tpdk;&udk axmufcHtm;ay;&ef jzpfonf/
upOfhuvsm; jzpfjcif;xuf trdefYtmPmrSm ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (2ouf 2;6-7)
*/ þtaMumif;t&mudkyif wdwk3;1 ESifh 1ay 2;13-17 wdkYü aqG;aEG;onf/
C/ *sL;bmomonf yxr&mpkESpftwGif; a&mrtpdk;& atmufü w&m;0if bmoma&; wpfckjzpfonf/
c&pf,mefudk ¤if;\ *dkPf;wpf*dkPf;tjzpf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rSwf,lMuonf/ (wref 18;12-16)/ ¤if;onf
tapmydkif; ESpfrsm;twGif; óoemjyK vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk w&m;Oya't& tumtuG,f&aponf/ wrefawmf
0wÅKtm; a&;om;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm c&pf,mefonf a&mrtwGuf EdkifiHa&; jcdrf;acsmufrIwpfrsKd;
r[kwfaMumif;jyo&efvnf;jzpfonf/ a&mronf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;ysHUESHU&ef EkdifiHwumwnfjidrf
at;csrf;a&; (pax Romana) wpf&yftm; jyifqifay;xm;onf/ (1wd 2;1-2)
i/ tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh qdkifí aygvkawGU&aom udk,fwdkiftawGUtMuHKrsm;onf þusrf;ydk'udk wif;rmaponf/
þu@yg0if&jcif;\ jzpfEkdifp&mtaMumif;&if;rSm
1/ tpdk;&\ trdefYawmf (*sL;bmom a&;tcef;tem;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfjcif;) aMumifh a&mrtoif;awmftwGif;
wif;rmrI/ þudpöaMumifh ,kHMunfol *sL;vlrsKd;tcsKdU xdkjrdKUawmfudk pGefUcGgoGm;Muonf/ (Oyrm tmukvESifh
jypfudv-wrefawmf 18;2) olwdkYr&Sdonfhtcg ,kHMunfol wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\ acgif;aqmifrI
jzpfay:vmonf/
2/ a&mrjrdKUü trsm;tjym; aexdkifol *sL;rsm;twGif; owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[majymrIaMumifh
a&mrjrdKUtwGif; jzpfvmaom wif;rmrI/ ordkif;okawoD Suetonious \ pmtkyf Life of Claudia 25. 2 ü
rSwfwrf;wifonfrSm tifyg,m &Sifonf at?'D 49 ckESpfü *sL;rsm;udk jrdKUawmfrS jynfESif'Pfay;jcif;rSm
378
aMumifh vlxkqlylrIrsm; jyefvnfay:aygufvmaomaMumifh jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ xdkemrnfrSm
vufwifbmomjzifh c&pfawmf Christ (Christos) tm; pmvkH;aygif; jcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/
"Chrestus"
pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI
1
vlwdkif;onf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&efjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS
r[kwfaom tcGifhtmPm[lí r&SdbJ? tmPm&Sdolrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif twnfjyKaom olrsm; jzpfonf/ 2xdkYaMumifh
tmPmvGefqefolrnfolrqdk bk&m;ocif\ trdefYawmfudk qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf/ qefYusif olonf
jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ 3taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyfolrsm;rSm aumif;pGm jyKrIolrsm;twGuf aMumufp&m
r[kwfbJ?
bdk;oGrf;olrsm;twGufomvQif
aMumufp&mjzpfonf/
tmPmydkifrsm;udk
raMumuf&bJ
aevdkygoavmh¿ aumif;aom t&mvkyfygu olwdkY\ csD;rGrf;jcif; cH&vdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm olonf oif\
aumif;usKd;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf oifonf qdk;oGrf;rIjyKygu? aMumufyg/
4
taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk taMumif;rJhraqmifacs/ taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;
jzpfum qdk;oGrf;oltm; trsufawmfoifhap&ef wkYHjyef&oljzpfonf/ 5xdkYaMumifh trsufawmf aMumufjcif;aMumifh
omvQif r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk axmufí emcH&efvdktyfonf/ 6þtaMumif;aMumifh oifwdkYonf
tcGefrsm;udk aqmifMuavmh/ taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyf olrsm;onf xdkt&mtwGuf olwdkYudk,f olwdkY qufuyfaom
bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/ 7olwdkY&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ tcGefay;oifh oludk ay;avmh/
taumufay;oifhudk ay;avmh/ aMumufoifh oludk aMumufavmh/ *kPfjyKxkduf oludk *kPfjyKavmh/
13;1 ]]vlwdkif;... emcH&ef jzpfonf/}} ¤if;rSm (1) PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; t"dyÜg,frSm
]]qufvufemcH&ef jyKjcif;cHol jzpfMuavmh}} [lí vnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf (2) PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE
jzpfum? ]]rdrdoabmtavQmuf emcHjcif;jyKonf}} [lí jzpf\/ (wuk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13) ]]emcH}} submit qdkonfrSm
uGif;qufwpf&yftm; azmfjy&ef okH;aom ppfbufokH; a0g[m&jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ,kHMuonfolwdkif;tm;
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;emcHMu&rnf[k aygvk tcdkiftrm ajymonf/ ({zuf 5;21)
uREkfyfwdkY acwfürl emcHjcif;rSm tysufoabmaqmifaom a0g[m&ESifh wlonf/ ¤if;onf ESdrfhcsjcif;
oabmESifh bk&m;ocif\ avmuESifh ¤if;twGif; rdrdwdkY\ ae&mudk av;eufpGm em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;
ESpfckpvkH;azmfjyonf/ a,½Ionf (1) rdrd\ avmuDrdbrsm;udk emcHonf/ (vkum 2;51)/ (2) rdrd\
aumif;uifcrnf;awmfudk emcHonf (1aum 15;28)/ olonf þu@ü uRefawmfwdkY\ vrf;jyjzpfonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / emcHjcif; 10;3ü Munfhyg/
]]tkyfcsKyfoltmPmydkifrsm;tm;}} aygvkonf þpum;vkH; (exousia) udk tjcm;ae&mrsm;ü aumif;uifqdkif&m
tmPmydkifrsm;? rlvtm;jzifh ewfqdk;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;&ef okH;aomfvnf; (8;38/ aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15/ {zuf
1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12) þae&mü rlusrf;pum; tquftpyft& ]]EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;jzpf&ayrnf/ (1aum
2;6?8/ wduk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13)/ vlom; tpdk;&rsm;\ aemufuG,fü aumif;uifqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm; &Sdonf[k
or®musrf;pmonf qdkvdk[ef&SdonfESifh wlygonf/ ('Ha,v 10 ESifh LXX \ w&m;a[m 32;8/ ]]tjrifhqkH;aom
wefcdk;&Sifonf vlrsKd;rsm;udk ydkif;cGJum tm'H\ om;rsm;udk oD;jcm;cJGxkwfcJhpOfü? olonf vlrsKd;rsm;\
tydkif;tjcm;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocif\ aumif;uif wref ta&twGufudk vdkufí csrSwfawmfrlonf/ Oscar
Cullman \ Christ and Time pmtkyfESifh Hendribukus Berkhof \ Christ and the Powers pmtkyfrsm;ü
Munfhyg/ odkYaomf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;rSm bk&m;ocifatmufü aqmif&GufaeMujcif;omjzpfonf/ (ti,f
1?4?6)/ atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/
379
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tcGifhtmPm (EXOUSIA)
vkum\ exousia (tcGifhtmPm? wefcdk;? odkYr[kwf w&m;Oya' tcGifhta&;) tokH;jyKykHrSm avhvm&ef
pdwf0ifpm;bkdU aumif;onf/
1/ vkum 4;6ü pmwefonf a,½Itm; tmPmay;Ekdifonf[k qdk\
2/ vkum 4;32?36ü a,½Ionf rdrd\ tcGifhtmPmokH;um oGefoifjcif;udk *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;
tHhMordef;armcJhMuonf/
3/ vkum 9;1 ü rdrd\ wefcdk;ESifh tmPmudk rdrdwrefawmfrsm;tm;tyfESif;onf/
4/ vkum 10;19 ü rdrd\ tcGifhtmPmudkomem jyKq&mckESpfq,fwdkYtm; tyfESif;onf/
5/ vkum 20;2?8ü a,½I\ tcGifhtmPmb,fu&aMumif; ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;cH&onf/
6/ vkum 22;53ü a,½Itm; jypf'Pf pD&ifum? owf&efqdk;oGrf;rI\ cGifhjyKjcif;cH&onf/
vkumc&pf0ifusrf;xJygaomfvnf; r[mapcdkif;jcif;tm; &SifróJ tpjyK ajymjy&mü ]]aumif;uifbkHESifh
ajrMuD;ay:&Sd tcGifhtmPmtm;vkH; ighudk ay;cJhjyD}} qdkonfrSm thHMobG,f&m azmfjycsufjzpfonf/ (róJ 28;18)/
olwdkY\ ar;cGef;udk a,½Iay;aom tajzrSm atmufygwdkYjzpfEdkifonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf olYtm; ajymaom pum;rsm;
(u) ESpfjcif; r*fvmcHpOfu (vkum 3;21-22)
(c) awmifay:wGif tqif;o@mefajymif;vJpOfu (vkum 9;35)
2/ jyD;jynfhpkHaom "r®a[mif;ya&mzufpum;rsm;
(u) ,k'rsKd;EG,frS (urÇm 49;10)
(c) a,&JSrdom;pkrS (2"r® 7)
(*) AufvifjrdKUü zGm;jrif (rdu©m 5;2)
(C) pwkw¬ajrmuftifyg,mumvü (a&mr) zGm;jrif ('Ha,, 2)
(i) qif;&Jom;rsm; rsufrjrifrsm;? r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm; ulnD (a[&Sm,)
3/ ol\ ewfqdk;armif;xkwfjcif;onf pmwefESifh olYEdkifiHtay: wefcdk;tmPm&SdykHudk zGifhjyonf/
4/ vlaorsm;jyefxapjcif;onf ½kyfcE¨mtoufESifh aojcif;w&m;ay: rdrdwefcdk;udkd jyonf/
5/ oljyKaom tHhMobG,f&m edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;onf acwÅ,m,Dt&mrsm;? ae&ma'oESifh &kyf0w¬KwdkY tay: rdrd\
wefcdk;ESifh tcGifhtmPmudk zGifhjyonf/
(u) obm0w&m;
(c) auR;arG;jcif;rsm;
(*) a&m*gaysmufuif;apjcif;rsm;
(C) pdwfudk xkd;azgufodjrifjcif;
(i) ig;zrf;&&SdrIrsm;/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / vlom;tpdk;&
1/ ed'gef;
u/ t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsuf/ / tpdk;&[lonf od&orQ vdktyfrIrsm;ay;&efESifh &&Sdap&ef vlom; udk,fwdkif
zJGUpnf;aom tzJGUtpnf;jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 4ESifh 11)/ vlom;onf (rusqif;rDuyif urÇm 12;18)
vlrIa&;owÅ0gjzpfonf/ rdom;pkrsm;? rsKd;EG,frsm;? vlrsK;drsm;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;? todkif;t0dkif;rsm;
jzpfay:aponf/
c/ &nf&G,fcsuf/ / bk&m;ocifonf rif;rJhtajctaexuf txuftrdefYawmf ydkrdkESpfoufonf/
380
1/ arma&SjyKaom w&m;Oya'? txl;ojzifh ynwfawmf q,fyg;rSm vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGif; vlom;twGuf
bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;ESifh vlYb0toufwmudk csdefcGifvQmnD
aponf/
2/
bk&m;ocifcefYtyfrIjzifh a&S;acwftpöa&; tkyfcsKyfrIyifvQif aumif;uifbkHrS yg0ifaqmif&Guf
rIjzpfaomfvnf; or®musrf;pmü rnfonfh tpdk;&zGJUpnf;ykHrsdK;udk axmufcHjcif;rjyKacs/ 'Drdkua&pD0g' (0)
t&if;&SifpHESpfonfvnf; or®musrf;pm or®mw&m;ESifh rnDacs/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rnfonfh tpdk;&pHepfrsKd;ü
ae&onfjzpfapoifhavsmf aumif;rGefpGm jyKrI&ef jzpfonf/ c&pf,mef\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm owif;aumif;
{0Ha*vdw&m;jyefYyGg;a&;jzpfjyD; awmfvSefa&;r[kwfacs/ rnfonfhtpdk;&rqdk tcdkuftwefYrQom jzpf\/
*/ vlom;tpdk;&\ rlvtp
1/ a&mrum odkvpf 0g'onf vlom; tpdk;&rSm rusqif;rDuyif &Sdaom yifudk,fvdktyfrIjzpfonf[k qdk\/
tm&DpfwdkwJh Aristotle onf xdktqdkudk yxrOD;qkH; azmfxkwfolkjzpf[ef&Sdonf/ olu ]]vlonf EdkifiHa&;
owÅ0gjzpfonf}} [kqdkonf/ þodkY qdk&mwGif ]]ydkí aumif;aom b0twGuf tpdk;&wnf&Sdonf}}
[kqdkvdkonf/
2/ y½kdwufpwihf0g' txl;ojzifh rmwifvlomu ajymonfrSm ]] vlom;tpdk;&rSm usqif;jcif;rS&aom
tarGjzpfonf}} [k qdkonf/ olonf vlom;tpdk;&udk ]]bk&m;ocif\ vuf0JbufEdkifiHawmfjzpfonf}}
[kqdkonf/ oluajymonfrSm ]]vlqdk;rsm;udk xde;f csKyf&ef bk&m;ocif\ enf;rSm vlqdk;rsm;tm;
xdef;csKyfapjcif;jzpfonf}} [k qdk\
3/
um;vfrwfpf\
tqdkrSm
]]tpdk;&[lonf
vufa&G;piftenf;i,fu
trsm;pktm;
xdef;csKyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf}} [lí jzpf\/ olonf EdkifiHa&;ESifh bmoma&;udk qifwlaom tvkyftjzpf
½Ijrifonf/
2/ or®musrf;pmawmfvmtaMumif;rsm;
u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
1/ tpöa&;rSm aumif;uifbkHü okH;rnfh tkyfcsKyfa&;ykHpHjzpfonf/ a&S;acwftpöa&;ü YHWH rSm &Sif
bk&ifjzpfonf/ oDtdkua&pDqdkonfh a0g[m&rSm bk&m;ocif\ wdkuf&dkuftkyfcsKyfrIudk azmfjy&efokH;onf/
(1"r® 8;4-9)
2/ vlom;tpdk;&xJ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmpufudk ol\ cefYtyfjcif;taMumif;ü
xif&Sm;pGmjrifEdkifonf/
(u) bk&ifrsm;tm;vkH; ('H 2;21/ 4;17? 24-25)
(c) ar&Sd,t&Sif\ tkyfpdk;rI/ 'H 2;44-45
(*) aeAkc'faeZm (AmAkvSefopf) a,& 27;6/ 'H 5;28)
(C) 'kwd,ajrmuf uk½krif; (yg&Sm;) 2&mZ0if 36;22/ {Z& 1;1/ a,&Sm 44;28/ 45;1
3/ bk&m;ocif\ vlwdkYonf usL;ausmfodrf;ydkufol tpdk;&rsm;udkyif emcHum? ½dkaoav;pm;&ef jzpfonf/
(u) 'Ha,v 1-4 aeAkc'faeZm (AmAkvSefopf)
(c) 'Ha,v 5/ aAv&SmZmrif; (AmAkvSefopf)
(*) 'Ha,v 6/ 'g&drif; (yg&Sm;)
(C) {Z& ESifh ae[rd (yg&Sm;)
4/ jynfawmfjyef,k'onf uk½krif;ESifh olYtquftEG,frsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&efjzpfonf/
(u) {Z& 6;10/ 7;23
381
(c) *sL;wdkYrSm EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&efjzpfonf/ rpf&SJe(Mishnah)? tAmo
(Avot) 3;2
c/ "r®opfusrf;
1/ a,m½Ionf vlom; tpdk;&wdkYudk av;pm;rIjyonf/
(u) róJ 17;24-27/ Adrmefawmf tcGefaqmifonf/ (bmoma&;ESifh EdkifiHa&; tmPmydkifrsm;
twlwljzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf 1ay 2;17)
(c) róJ 22;15-22/ rmuk 12;13-17/ vkum 20;20-26/ olonf a&mr tcGefawmfaiGtwGuf
axmufcHcsufay;jcif;jzifh a&mr tpdk;&tmPmudk cGifhjyKonf/
(*) a,m[ef 19;11/ bk&m;ocifonf EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&rsm;udk cGifhjyKonf/
2/ vlom;tpdk;&rsm;ESifh ywfoufí aygvk\pum;rsm;?
(u) a&mr 13;1-5/ EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif cefYxm;jcif;jzpfojzifh olwdkYudk
,kHMunfolrsm;emcH&rnf/
(c) a&mr 13;6-7 ,kkHMunfolrsm;onf tcGef txkwfrsm; aqmifum EdkifiHawmfawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk
*kPfjyK&rnf/
(*) wdarmao 2;1-3 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&rnf/
(C) wdwk 3;1 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&rnf/
3/ vlom;tpdk;&rsm;ESifh ywfoufí ayw½k\ pum;rsm;
(u) wrefawmf 4;1-31/ 5;29/ ayw½k ESifh a,m[efwdkYonf bmoma&;vGwfawmfa&SUü tppfcHMuonf/
(or®musrf;pmtm; emcHjcif;onf EdkifiHawmftm; emcHjcif; t&ifvm&aMumif; þtcsufujyonf)
(c) 1ayw½k 2;13-17 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcHjcif;rSm vlYtzJGU tpnf;ESifh
{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;\ aumif;usKd;twGuf jzpfonf/
4/ vlom; tpdk;rsm;ESifh ygwfoufí a,m[ef\ pum;rsm;
(u) Asm'dwf 17/ AmAkvSefMunfhwefqmronf bk&m;ocifrygbJ zJGUpnf;pum? tkyfcsKyfaom vlom;tpdk;&udk
qdkvdkonf/
(c) Asm'dwf 18/ AmAkvkef jynfhwefqmr zsufqD;cH&onf
3/ ed*Hk;csKyf
u/ vlom; tpdk;& (usqif;aom urÇm) rSm bk&m;ocif cefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]]&Sifbk&ifrsm;\ bk&m;ay;
tcGifhta&;}} r[kwfbJ tpdk;&rsm;twGuf bk&m;ay;aom wm0efjzpfonf/ ykHpHwpfckxuf tjcm;ykHpHwpfck ydkí
raxmufcHacs/
c/ tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&efESifh qkawmif;ay;&efrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf bmoma&; wm0efjzpfonf/
*/ aumif;pGm ½dkaoaom pdwfxm;jzihf tcGeftxkwfrsm; aqmifum vlom; tpdk;&wdkYudk ulnDjcif;rSm
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf oifhavQmf avsmufywfonf/
C/ vlom; tpdk;&rSm EkdifiHawmf jidrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf jzpfonf/ olwdkYrSm þwm0efxrf;aqmifaeaom
bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;jzpfonf/
i/ vlom;tpdk;&onf tqkH;pGefr[kwfacs/ ¤if;\ tcGifhtmPmrSm tuefYtowfESifh jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&onf bk&m;ocifowfrSwfay;xm;aom abmifudk ausmfvGefvmonfhtcg ¤if;udk jiif;qef&mü
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ aumif;qdk; cJGjcm;wwfaom pdwf (MowÅyÜpdwf) udk axmufxm;í
vkyfaqmifMu&ygrnf/ Mo*wfpwif;onf ol\ pmtkyf The City of God ü ajymonfrSm
382
]]uRefawmfwdkYonf e,fy,fESpfckjzpfaom acwÅ,m,DESifh xm0&umvESpfckpvkH;\ EkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
(zd 3;20) ESpfckpvkH;ü uRefawmfwdkY wm0ef&Sdonf rSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftwGufrl
tqkH;pGefaom wm0ef&SdMuonf/}} [k qdkygonf/ bk&m;ocifay: uRawmfwdkY\ wm0efü wpfOD;csif; tm;jzifh
vnf;aumif;? wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; tm;jzifh vnf;aumif; jzpfonf/
p/ tpdk;&\ vkyfief;rsm;ESifh wefqmyvmrsm;ü ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifh wuf<upGm yg0if&efESifh
jzpfEdkifonfhtcg EIwfuywfawmf oifay;&ef tm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnf/
q/ vlrIa&;ajymif;vJrIrwdkifrD vlwpfOD;csif;aMumihfvJ &Sd&ygrnf/ tpdk;&wGif tem*wfü trSefpifppf
Mu&SnfwnfwHhrnf
[laom
ajrmfvifhjcif;rsKd;r&Sdacs/
tpdk;&rsm;tm;vkH;
bk&m;ociftvdk&Sdí
tokH;jyKonfyifjzpfap? bk&m;ocifrygaom tjypfjynfhonfh vlom;tzJGUtpnf;omvQif jzpfonf/
þoabmudk a,m[ef\ tokH;tEIef;jzpfaom ]]avmu}} qdkonfh a0g[m&okH;EIef;ykHonf azmfjy\ (1a,m
2;15-17)/

NASB ]]bk&m;ocif wnfapaomolrsm;jzpfonf}}
NRJV ]]bk&m;ocifcefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf}}
NRSV ]]bk&m;ocif wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf}}
TEV ]]xdkae&mü bk&m;ocifxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf}}
NJB ]]bk&m;ocifcefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf}}
¤if;rSm PERIPHRASTIC PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE yHkpHjzpfonf/ vlom;tmPmydkif rSeforQtm;vHk;\
aemufuG,fü bk&m;ocif&SdaMumif; þo'´gzGJYpnf;yHku tcdkiftrmajymonf/ (a,m 19;11/ 'H2;21/ 4;17)
¤if;onf ]]&Sifbk&ifrsm;\ bk&m;ay;tcGifhta&;}} r[kwfbJ pepfwus &Sdapa&;twGuf bk&m;tvdkawmfjzpfonf/
¤if;onf tpdk;&yHkpHwpfrsdK;tm; oD;jcm;ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ tpdk;&udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmftmPmonf
z½dkz&Jjzpfaejcif;xufydkrdk aumif;ygonf/(i,f6)/
13;2 ]]tmPmvGefqefolrnfolrqdk}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm csrSwfxm;aom
trdefYwpfckcktm; zDqefaomtusifh&Sdjcif;udk &nfnTef;um ]]rdrdudk,frdrd qefYusifbuf taetxm;ü xm;&Sdonf}}
[kqdkvdkonf/ (wref 18;6/ ,mukyf 5;6) rmuk 12;17 üa,½Ionf tpdk;&ESifh toif;awmf\ u@toD;oD;udk
&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/ tmPmydkifrsm; rdrdwdkYabmifudk ausmfvGefvonfhtcg rnfodkYjzpfaMumif; wrefawmf
5;25-32ü awGY&Sd&onf/
]]qefYusifjcif; ...qefYusifol}} ¤if;rSmPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ESihf PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/
qHk;jzwfcsufjzifh
ykefukefrIudk
ajymonf/
bk&m;ocifonf
usqif;aom
urÇmtwGuf
tpDtpOfjyifqifay;xm;onf/ (ti,f 4?6)/ EdkifiHawmftmPmydkrsm;onf olwdkYtwGuf bk&m;ocifay;xm;aom
e,fedrdwfabmiftm; ausmfvGefvmjcif;u vTJvQif trdefYtmPmudk qefYusifjcif;rSm bk&m;ocifudk
qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf/ ppfrSefaom 0dOmPfa&;rSm tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcHjcif;jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;vdkcsifMuonf/
]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf}} KJV onf ]]tjypfqdkjcif;}} condemnation udk ]]i&JcH&jcif;}} damnation
tjzpfbmomjyefonf/ þpum;vHk;onf ¤if;\ t*Fvdyfvdk t"dyÜg,fudk at'D 1611 ckESpfrSpí jyif;xefaponf/
NKJV onf¤if;udk ]]w&m;pD&ifjcif;}} [k bmomjyefonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyftm;jzifh ¤if;onf (1)
bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; odkYr[kwf (2) tpdk;&\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; (i,f4) tm;&nfnTef; Edkifonf/ olwdkYonf
383
tcGifhtmPmudk qefYusifaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkYtay: w&m;pD&ifjcif;
usa&mufapMuonf/ (a,m 3;17-21)
13;3 tvm;wlrSwfcsuftm; 1ay 2;14üMunfhyg/
]]tkyfcsKyfolrsm;}} txl;taMumif;t&m}}/ / tBuD;tuJ Arche 8;38 ü Munfhyg/
]]tmPmydkif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 13;1 üMunfhyg/
13;4 ]]taMumif;rSm olonf oif\ aumif;usdK;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;jzpfonf}}/ tpdk;&
tmPmydkifwdkYonf vlrIa&;&m 'kp½dkufjyKolrsm;udk qefYusifvkyfaqmifMupOf? ,HkMunf olrsm;udkrl rdrdudk,fwkdif
*vJhpm;wkYHjyefjcif;rjyK&ef
uefYowfonf/
(12;17-19)/
rmwifvkomajymonfrSm
]]vlqdk;rsm;udk
bk&m;ocifxdef;csKyfjcif;enf;rSm? vlqdk;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfapjcif;jzpfonf}} [líjzpf\/
]]ygu^vQif}} ¤if;rSm tem*wfü jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csuf0gus rsdK;jzpfonf/

NASB ]]taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk taMumif;rJhraqmifacs}}
NKJV ]]taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk tcsnf;ESD;raqmifacs}}
NRSV ]]taMumif;rSm tmPmydkifonf "g;udk tcsnf;ESD;raqmifacs}}
TEV ]]'Pfcwf&ef olwdkYü wm0ef trSefyif&Sdonf}}
NJB ]]olwdkYonf tmPm&Sd "g;jzifh yHkaqmifjcif;rSm taMumif;rJhr[kwfacs}}
]]"g;}} sword (machaira) onfao'Pfay;&mü toHk;jyKaom
a&mr"g;ao;udk &nfnTef;onf/
(wrefawmf 12;2/ a&mr 8;35)/ þusrf;ydk'fESifh wrefawmf 25;11 onf ao'Pfay;jcif;twGuf
"r®opftajccHoabmw&m;udk ay;um? urÇm 9;6 url "r®a[mif;usrf;tjrifudk &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/
aMumuf&GHUjcif;rSm A½kef;okOf;um;jzpfjcif;tm; xda&mufpGmwm;qD;jcif; wpfrsdK;jzpfonf!
]]taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf; ...&efwkHUjyefoljzpfonf}} &efwkHYjyefol [laom a0g[m&
udk"r®a[mif;usrf;ü tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ ¤if;udk 0wfjyK&musrf; 19;18 üyif oHk;onf/
"r®a[mif;acwfü vlwpfa,mufonf tjcm;vlwpfa,muftm; rawmfwqyifjzpfap owfygu? xdkol\
rdom;pkonf }}rsufvHk;tpm;rsufvHk;}} [laom vufpm;acsjcif; tcGifhta&;usifhoHk;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ aygvkonf
"r®a[mif; xHk;wrf;pOfvmudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;\ tcGifhtmPmESifh qufpyfvdkufjcif;ESifh wlonf/
1ouf 4;6ü bk&m;ociftm; *vJhpm;acsoltjzpf ajymum a&mr 12;19 ESifh wlonf/ þusrf;csuf
ESpfckpvHk; w&m;a[m32;35udk &nfnTef;onf/ (a[jAJ 10;30)
(ekdikos)
13;5 ]]emcH&efvdktyfonf}} taMumif;&if;ESpfckazmfjyonf/ (1) bk&m;ocifjzpfap? tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;
jzpfapay;aom jypf'PfESifhvGwfuif;&ef ESifh (2) ,HkMunfoltxJMowåyÜpdwf\ tjypfwifjcif;/
]]MowåyÜpdwfudkaxmufí}} a[jAJa0g[m& "breast" onfrdrdudk,frdrdESifh olYtjyKtrl\ taMumif;&if;tm;
od&Sd&jcif; oabmroufa&mufygu? "r®a[mif;usrf;ü þ*&dda0g[m& }}MowåyÜpdwf^ vdyfjympdwf^
qdk;aumif;cGJjcm;wwfaompdwf}}ESifh wlaom pum;r&Sd[k qdk&ayrnf/ þ*&dpum;vHk;onf rlvtm;jzifh
tm½Hkig;yg;jzifh od&aom todpdwfudk &nfnTef;onf/ ¤if;rSm twGif; pdwftm;jzifh (MowåyÜpdwf) od&jcif; twGuf
384
oHk;aom
pum;vHk;jzpfvmonf/
(a&mr
12;15)/
aygvkonf
w&m;cHk½Hk;ü
rdrdtppfcHcJhpOf
þa0g[m&ESpfBudrfoHk;onf/ (wrefawmf 23;1/ 24;16)/ bk&m;ociftay: bmoma&;wm0efrsm;udk
ododBuD;jzifh azmufzsufusL;vGefrIr&SdaMumif; olod&SdyHkudk &nfnTef;&ef þpum;vHk;udk aygvkoHk;jcif; jzpfonf/
(1aum4;4)
MowåyÜpdwf[lonf ,HkMunfol\vkyfaqmifjcif;taMumif;rsm;ESifhvkyfaqmif&Ncif; taMumif;rsm;tm;
atmufygwdkYudk tajcjyKí od&Sd&jcif;jzpfonf/
1/ or®musrf;pmenf;usurÇmhtjrif
2/ useff;0yfaom 0dnmOfawmf
3/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudk tajcjyKaom touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfrsdK;
todynm owif;auif;tm; udk,fwdkif vufcHjcif;jzifh þyHkpH touf&Sifjcif;udk &&SdEdkifonf/
13;6 ]]þtaMumif;aMumifh oifwdkYonf tcGefrsm;udk aqmifMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
yHkpHjzpfaomfvnf; PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE (JB) jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;tay:
c&pf,mefwdkY\ wm0eftwGuf wdusaom Oyrmwpfck jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm tpdk;& tmPmydkifrsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrms; jzpfonf (i,f 1-2)/
13;7
NASB ]]olwdkY&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ ...tcGef...taumuf...aMumuf...*kPfjyK}}
NKJV ]]olwdkYtm;vHk;&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ tcGefrsm; ...taumufrsm; ...aMumuf...*kPfjyK}}
NRSV ]]olwdkY&oifh&xdkuforQay;Muavmh/ ...tcGefrsm; ...taumufrsm;...½kdaoav;pmjcif; ...*kPfjyKjcif;}}
TEV ]]olwdkYay:wif&SdorQay;Muavmh/ rdrd\ ydkifqdkifrItcGefrsm;udk ay;um? ¤if;wdkYtm;vHk;udk ½dkaoav;pm;í
*kPfjyKyg}}
NJB ]]tpdk;&t&m&Sdwdkif;tm;? olawmif;,lcGifh&SdorQ wdkuf½dkuftcGefjzpfap? oG,f0dkuftcGefjzpfap ay;aqmifyg/
aMumuf&GHUyg/ odkYr[kwf *kPfjyKyg}}
¤if;onf tpdk;&tmPmydkif oD;jcm;tkyfpk ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;wdkYtm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (RSV) odkYaomf
¤if;\ qdkvdk&if;rSm c&pf,mefwdkYonf tcGeftwkwfrsm;ESifh ½dkaoav;pm;rIudk tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;
tm;ay;Mu&efrSm olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;rsm; (ti,f1?4? (ESpfcg) 6/ róJ 22;15-22) taejzifh
vkyfaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfonf[líjzpfEdkifygonf/
a0g[m&ESpfvHk;jzpfonfh ]]tcGef}} tax ESifh ]]taumuf}} custom wdkYudkt"dyÜg,fwltjzpf þae&m oHk;onf/
(TEV urlcGJjcm;aomfvnf;) pum;vkH;\ Zpfjrpfudk qef;ppfMunfhygu (rl&if;t"dyÜg,f)yxrtcGefrSm
odrf;ydkufaom vlrsdK;tm; ay;aqmif&aom tcGef (vkum 20;22) jzpfNyD; 'kwd,rSm wpfOD;csif;xH aumuf,laom
tcGefjzpf[ef&Sdonf/ (róJ 17;25? 22;17?19)/
a&mr 13;8-14 tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&yHk
u/ ti,f 1-7tm; oD;oefY wpfOD;csif;ESifh qdkifaom pmydk'fwpfcktjzpf em;vnfEdkifonf/ odkYaomf
]]&oifh&xdkuf}} [laom ti,f 7\ taMumif;t&monf ti,f 8ü tjcm;t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;jzifh
qufvufae onfESifhwlonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmftay: wm0ef&Sdonfenf;wl
tjcm;vlom;rsm;ay:vnf; wm0ef&Sdonf/
c/ ti,f8-10onf ti,f 11-14rSmenf;wl tawG;tkyfpkwpfpkjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tjcm;olrsm;udk
cspf&ef c&pf,mefwdkY\ wm0ef&SdrItm; tcef;BuD;12ü aqG;aEG;rI\ tqufjzpfonf/
*/ aygvkonf "r®a[mif;\ ynwfawmfq,fyg;tm; y#dOmOfw&m;opf ,HkMunfolrsm;\
udk,fusifhw&m;vrf;nTeftjzpf oHk;jcif;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom touf&Sifjcif; u@twGuf
385
(oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;) "r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh qufvuf oufqdkifrI&SdaMumif;jyonf/ xdkodkYqdk&mü
u,fwif jcif; (oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;-*vm3) twGuf r[kwfacs/ aygvkonf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m
rdrdu vrf;nTefrItwGuf t&if;tjrpf tawmfrsm;rsm;rSpkpnf;jcif; jzpfyHkay:onf/
1/ a,½Iajymaompum;rsm;
2/ 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrI
3/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
4/ rdrd\ &AÁd*sL;usrf;pm q&moifwef;
5/ *&dawG;ac:&Sifrsm; taMumif; rdrdod&SdyHk (txl;ojzifh Stoic ac: onf;cHjcif;w&m;)
¤if;onf bk&m;ocifudk cspfjcif;? ESdrfhcsjcif;udk ESpfoufjcif;? bk&m;ocifudk tapcHjcif;? vlom;rsm;udk
tapcHjcif;wnf;[laom-]]cspfjcif;arwåm? Oya'}} udk xif&Sm;ay:vGifaponf/
C/ ti,f 11-14onf tem*wfü jzpfysufrnfht&m (uyfumvtqHk;) rsm;oabmjzpfonf/ tarSmifESifh
tvif;onf Dead Sea Scrolls (yifv,faoem;u awGY&Sdaom a&S;a[mif;vufa&;usrf;rsm;) tygt0if
*sL;pmay\ xl;jcm;rIjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a,m[efESihf aygvkwdkYa&;aom pmrsm;üvnf; ygaeusjzpfonf/
]]jzpfaecJhNyD;aom}} ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aom}} c&pf,meftoufwm\ wif;rmrIonf bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD
touf&Sif&ef EId;aqmfrIjzpfonf/ ]]uyfumvmtopf}} (bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf)rSm zGifhyGJjyKcJhNyD; jzpfum?
rMumrSDNyD;jynfhpHkvmvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fonf 1ouf5;1-11 ESifh vGefpGmwlnDonf/
i/ ti,f13-14onf at'D 386ckESpf aEGumvtwGif; emrnftaBuD;qHk;toif;awmfzcifBuD; wpfOD;jzpfol
Mo*pfpwif;\ b0toufwmajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ olonf rdrd\ Confessions 8:29 üajymonfrSm
]]uREkfyfonf aemufxyf qufvufrzwfawmhacs/ qufvufí zwfp&mvnf;rvdkawmhacs/ þ0gus
qHk;atmif zwfNyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf &Sif;vif;aom tvif;a&mif wpfckonf uREkfyf\ ESvHk;om;udk
vTrf;NcHKoGm;cJh&m oHo,\ arSmifrdkuftm;vHk; vTifhpifaysmufuG,foGm;onf}} [kqdk\/
8
tcsif;csif;cspfjcif; arwåmrSwpfyg; wpfa,mufa,mufay: ta<u;rwifESifh/ taMumif;rSm rdrdtdrfeD;
csif;udkcspfaom olonf ynwfw&m;awmfjynfhpHkapcJhNyD/ 9taMumif;rSm olwyg;r,m;udk rjypfrSm;&? vlrowf&?
rcdk;&? remvdkpdwfr&Sd& tp&SdonfwdkYESifh tjcm;ynwfcsuf&SdorQ tm;vHk;udk rdrdudk,frdrd cspfonfenf;wl
rdrdtdrfeD;csif;tm; cspfavmh[laom tcsufonf tusOf;csKyfxm;\/ 10cspfjcif;arwåmonf tdrfeD;csif;tay:
trSm;rjyKacs/ xdkYaMumifh cspfjcif;arwåmrSm ynwfw&m;awm jynfhpHk;jcif;jzpf\/
13;8 ]]wa,mufa,mufay:ta<u;rwifESifh}} ¤if;rSmPRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfNyD;? qufvufcHNyDjzpfaom
vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfwhHaponf [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICIPLE yg&Sdonf/ þtav;teufjyKaom
pum;pkü]]r[kwf}} oabmESpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm tcGefaqmif jcif;udpöESifh qufpyfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (i,f6-7)/
aiGaMu;ta<u;wifjcif;onf pdwfcHpm;rIESifh 0dnmOf a&;&mü BuD;pGm cGeftm;csdeJY oGm;apavh&Sdonf/
avmuDqefjcif;udk
owdjyKyg/
avmuDqefjcif;onf
c&pf,mefudpörsm;tm;
yhHydk;EdkifpGrf;ESifh
udk,fwdkif\cspfjcif;arwåmudk vk,lav;&Sdonf/ odkYaomf þusrf;csuftm; ]]azgufonfrsm;ua<u;ra&mif;&}}
jcif;tawGuf oufaotjzpf oHk;ír&acs/ or®musrf; pmtm;¤if;\ acwftvif;xJü teufjyef&onf/ ¤if;rSm
reufxkwfowif;pm r[kwfacs! ti,f 8-10ü ajymonfrSm uRefawmfwkdYtcsif;csif; cspf&mü (1)
386
y#dnmOfw&m;ü nDtpfudkcsif;tjzpf (róJ 22;39-40/ a,m 13;34-35) ESifh (2) vlom;csif;taejzifh (róJ
5;42/ *vm 6;10) cspfMu&ef jzpfaMumif;yif/
NIDNTT, twGJ 1? pmrsufESm- 668ü ]]ta<u;wif}} [laom Bud,m\ t"dyÜg,fyGg;ESpfrsdK;azmfjy onf/
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü ¤if;udk aiG^ypönf;ta<u;tjzpfoHk;onf/
2/ aygvk\ pmrsm;rsm;ü wm0eftjzpfoHk;onf/
þusrf;csufürl aygvkonf þt"dyÜg,fyGm;wdkYudk aygif;pyfxm;onfESifh wlonf/
 ]]tcsif;csif;cspfjcif;arwåmrSwpfyg;}} ¤if;onf þusrf;csufwdkY\ aomhcsufjzpfonf/ (a,m 13;14/ 15;12/
a&mr 12;10/ 1aum 13/ zd 2;3-4/ 1ouf 4;9/ a[NAJ 13;1/ 2ay 1;7/ 1a,m 3;11/ 4;7? 11-12)
 ]]rdrdtdrfeD;csif;udk cspfaomolonf}} þ Bud,mrSm
jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm oD;oefY
cspfjcif;arwåmESifhwlaom touf&Sifjcif;yHk
PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
(0g) tcgtm;avsmfpGm cspfjcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\
pHudkajymonf/
]]tdrfeD;csif;}} a0g[m&\ rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm ]]trsdK;uGJ^ aemufwpfck}} (heteros) [líkjzpfaomfvnf;
heteros ESiahf llos (trsdK;wlaemufwpfck) wdkY\ jcm;em;rIrSm trsm;oHk; Koine Greek üaysmufuG,f oGm;onf/
þae&mürl tus,fjyefYqHk;tm;jzifh ,HkMunfoljzpfap? r,HkMunfoljzpfap? vlwpfa,muf\ tdrfeD;csif;udk
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (vkum 12;14-21/ 10;25-37)/ odkYaomf þusrf;ydk'fü udk;um;aom 0wfjyK 19;18
ürl y#dOmOfcHazmf? cHzuftjcm;olwpfa,muf (tpöa&;trsdK;om;csif; wpfa,muf) udkqdkvdkonf/
c&pf,mefwdkYonf tjcm;c&pf,mefwdkYudk nDtpfudkcsif;tjzpf cspf&efjzpfum? aysmufqHk;olrsm;udkrl
bk&m;ocifonf avmuDom;tm;vHk; cspfonfenf;wlcspf&efjzpfygonf/ (a,m3;16)/ c&pf,mef[lonf
rdom;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ toif;om;wdkif;onf wpfckvHk;usef;rma&;ESifh BuD;xGm;a&;twGuf touf&Sifum
tapcHMuonf(1aum 12;7)/

NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]]ynwfw&m;awmfjynfhpHkapcJhNyD}}
TEV ]]ynwfw&m;awmf emcHcJhNyD}}
NJB ]]oifh0wå&m;rsm; aus>yefcJhNyD}}
þ*&dtrsm;oHk;Bud,m (pleroo)
udktrsdK;rsdK;bmomjyefEdkifonf/ ¤if;onfPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
jzpfNyD; ]]jynfhpHkcJhNyDjzpfí qufvufjynfhpHkonf}} [k bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/ Robert Hann a&;om;aom
Grammatical Aid to Greek New Testament pmtkyfü A.T Robertson udkudk;um;NyD; ¤if;udk "gnomic perfect"
[kac:onf/
qdkvdkonfrSm
"avhxHk;pHqdkif&m
or®mw&m;wpfcktm;
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfNyD;?
xdkpmvufcHolrsm;aumif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufaom toHk;tEIef;rsdK;jzpfonf/ ¤if;a0g[m&udk *vmwd 5;14/
6;2 wdkYüjyefawGY&onf/
13;9 "r®opfusrf;,HkMunfolrsm;tm; EId;aqmfay;&ef arma&S\ ynwådusrf;udk aygvkoHk;aeusjzpfonf/ (xGuf
20;13-17 odkYr[kwf w&m;a[m 5;17-21 ESifh 0wfjyK 19;18)/ {zuf 6;2-3üvnf; c&pf,mefrsm; EId;aqmf&ef
ynwfawmfq,fyg;teuf wpfrsdK;oHk;onf/ (1wd1;9-10)/ þ"r®a[mif;usrf;csufrSm u,fwifjcif;twGuf
r[kwfaomfvnf; vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifESifh tcsif;csif; tm;rnfodkYqufqH& rnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif\
tvdkawmfudk qufvufzGifhjyaeqJjzpfonf (a&mr 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ "r®a[mif;usrf;tm;
udk;um;jcif;onf a&mrtoif;awmfxJ *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;rsm;ESpfrsdK;pvHk; aygvkqufpyf ajymae[ef&Sdonf/
387
]]jynfhpHkjcif;}} qdkaom a0g[m&onfvnf; ynwfawmftaMumif; róJ5;17 ü a,½IaqG;aEG;yHkESifh wpfrsdK;
wpfpm;wnf; jzpfonf/
þ&nfnTef;csufonf a,bk,synwfw&m;oabm? vlrIa&;Oya'orsm; jzpfNyD;? arma&S\ ynwådusrf;
[kwfyHkray:acs/ (JB) okdYaomf ti,f 9ü aygvkonf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; udk;um;yHkudk axmufvQif arma&S\
ynwådusrf;udk &nfnTef;aMumif;jyonf/ vlom;\ pnf;urf;Oya' vdkufemrIr[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwåm uomvQif
ynwfw&m;awmfNyD;jynfhpHkaponf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;rsm;üMunfhyg/
0wfjyK&musrf; 19;18 udk t"dyÜg,fESpfrsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/
1/ a,½Ionf ¤if;udk shema pum;ESifhtwl pum;quftjzpf oHk;um (w&m;a[m 6;4-6) ynwfawmfwpf
ckvHk;tusOf;csKyfvdkufonf/ (róJ 22;37-40/ rmuk 12;29-31/ vkum 10;27)
2/ aygvktwGufrl ¤if;onf ynwfawmfq,fyg;\ 'kwd,tydkif;tm; tusOf;csKyfjcif;jzpfum
(y#dOmOfw&m;ESifh qdkifaom olrsm;tcsif;csif; qufqHa&;(*v 5;14) róJ 7;12 ESifhvkum 6;31
ua,½I\ rSwfcsufcsyHkrsdK;vdkufonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / arma&S\ ynwfawmftm; aygvk½IjrifyHk
¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifxHrS jzpfí aumif;jrwfonf (a&mr 7;12-16)
u/ ¤if;rSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;twGufESifh bk&m;ocif\ vufcHrI&Sd&efr[kwfacs/ (tr*Fvmwpf&yfyifjzpf Edkifonf/
*vwd3)
c/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifrdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyjcif;jzpfojzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf jzpfaeyg
ao;onf/ (aygvkonf tjypfudk azmfjy&ef odkYr[kwf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk tm;ay;&ef "r®a[mif;usrf;udk
udk;um;avh&Sdonf/)
*/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk pum;ajymonf/ (a&mr 4;23?24? 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ odkYaomf
"r®a[mif;usrf;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;r&acs/ (wref 15? a&mr 4? *vmwd 3? a[NAJMo0g'pm)
C/ y#dOmOfw&m;opfü ¤if;\ tvkyfvkyfyHkrSm1/ tjypf&SdaMumif;jyonf/ (*vm 3;15-29)
2/ a&G;EIwfjcif;&&Sdolrsm;udk vlYtzGJYtpnf;twGif;vrf;jyonf/
3/ c&pf,mefrsm;\ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;twGuf vrf;jyonf/
arma&S\ ynwfawmfusrf;tay: aygvk\ tjrifudk em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;jcif;rSm usdefqJjcif;ESifh
usdefqJjcif;qdkif&m "r®oabmw&m;\ aemufqufwGJtaMumif;pHkESifh ¤if;udk jzwfausmfí aumif;BuD;r*Fvm
ESifhtNrJxm0&qDodkY jzwful;oGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ James Stewart onfol\pmtkyf A Man in Christ pmtkyfxJü
aygvk\ qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef&Sdaom awG;ac:yHkESifh ta&;tom;udk þodkYazmfjyonf/
]]tawG;tac: ajrmfjrifrIpepfESifh Mo0g'wpf&yftm; rdrdudk,fwdkifwnfaxmifolwpfOD;onf rdrd oHk;aom
a0g[m&rsm;\ t"dyÜg,fudk wduspGm owfrSwfvdrfhrnf[k obm0tm;jzifh arQmfvifhMurnfom jzpfonf/ olonf
rdrd\t"dutBuHtpnfrsm; qdkif&mpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk wdusEdkiforQ wdusap&ef &nf&G,fvdrfhrnf[k
arQmfvifhMurnfomjzpfonf/ oD;jcm;t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;twGuf wpfcgoHk;cJhNyD;aom pum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm;
wa&SmufvHk; xdkt"dyÜg,fjzifhyif oHk;&efjzpfonf[k qdkMurnfomjzpfonf/ odkYaomf aygvkürl xdkodkYr[kwfaMumif;
pdwfysufbG,f&m awGY&Sd&onf/ olYtoHk;tEIef;trsm;tjym;rSm wnfNidrfwdusrI r&Sdacs/ ]]ynwfw&m;onf
oefY&Sif;\/...igonftwGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ ynwfw&m;awmfudk ESpfouf\}} [lí (a&mr 7;12-22) ü
a&;om;cJhaomfvnf; ¤if;rSm ynwfw&m;awmf\ tjcm;rsufESmpmwpfzuf omvQifjzpfum? tjcm;wpfae&mwGif
oluyif ]]c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtm; ynwfw&m;awmf\ usdefqJjcif;rS a&G;EIwfawmfrlcJhonf}} qdkjyefacsonf/
(*v 3;13) (p. 26)
388
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / xGufajrmuf&m 20\rSwfpk/
xGufajrmuf&m 20;13 vlowfjcif;
1/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf
u/ vlrIa&;ESifh qdkifoa,mifjzpfaom ynwfcsufrsm;onfyifvQif trSefpifppf bmoma&;jzpfaMumif;
owd&&efvdkonf/ zefqif;aom t&mrsm;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;tay: bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcm tmPmudk
þynwfcsufrsm;onf t&dyfxdk;vdkuf&Sd\/ vl\ toufudk roef& [laom ynwfcsufudk aumif;rGefpGm
pl;pdkufonfhtcg vlom;tm;vkH;txJ &Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftaMumif;? vlom;\toufudk
bk&m;ocif *&kpdkufum aMumifhMupdk;&drfaMumif; jyonf/
c/ ynwfcsufwckpDonf ,kHMunfjcif; vlYtodkif;t0dkif;tm; ay:vGifapaMumif; owd&&efvdkonf/
vlwa,muf\ toufudk w&m;Oya'ESifhrnDaom ykHpHjzifh okwfoify,f&Sif;jcif;onf rlvtm;jzifh
,kHMunfol vlYtodkif;t0dkif;ESifhqdkifí ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIrSm vlom;wdkif;ESifh
oufqdkifonf!
2/ ay:vGifxif&Sm;aom pum;vkH;rsm; avhvmjcif;
u/ vlowfjcif;
1/ ¤if;rSm vlwa,muf\ toufudk EIwf,ljcif;twGuf okH;aom &Sm;yg;onfh a0g[m& (rasah) jzpfjyD;
"r®a[mif;usrf;ü 46MudrfomokH;onf/ ydkí tokH;rsm;aom tjcm; a0g[m&ESpf&SdrsKd;&Sdonf/
(u) Harag 165 Mudrf
(c) Hemit 201 Mudrf
2/ a0g[m& rasah ü rl&if;tm;jzifh uefYowfaom t"dyÜg,fESifh tus,fjyefYaom t"dyÜg,f&SdESifh wlonf/
(u) rl&if;tm;jzifh ¤if;onf w&m;Oya' qdkif&mwGif y#dnmOf w&m;jyKazmfwzufom;\ touftm;
EIwf,ljcif;ESifh pyfqdkifonf/ ¤if;ü MuHpnfrIoabmygí ]]aopm;aoapaom aqGrsKd;&if;” ((goel) ESihf
oufqdkifavh&Sdonf/
þa0g[m&ü
MuHpnfjcif;oabmyaomfvnf;
wenf;tm;jzifh
w&m;0ifvufpm;acsjcif; oabmjzpfonf/ (awmvnf 35;30-34? 0wfjyK 24;13-23)
trSefpifppfrsufvkH;twGuf rsufvkH; Lex Talionis (urÇm 9;5-6) rSm uefYowfxm;aom
vufpm;acsjcif;jzpfonf/ aemufydkif;wGif y#dnOfcHESifh oufqdkifaom (tpöa&;vlrsKd;) vlwa,mufonf
rdrdtodkif;t0dkif;xJu tjcm;olwa,muftm; rawmfwqjzpfap? wrifoufoufjzpfapowfygu
towfcH&ol rdom;pk\ trsufa'gorS xGufajy;Edkif&ef cdkvIH&mjrdKUrsm;udk wnfaxmifvmcJhMuonf/
(w&m; 4;41? a,m 20;3)/
c/ aemufydkif;wGif xdka0g[m&rSm toufowfjcif;\ aemufuG,fu taMumif;&if; (0g) pdwfae
oabmxm;udk nTef;jcif;jzpfvmonf/ ]]&nf&G,fcsufjzifh}} [laom oabmrSm tjrifhrm;qkH;jypfrI
jzpfvmonf (xGuf 21;12-14/ awmvnf 35;11?12/ w&m;a[m 28;24)/
389
*/ þynwfcsufwGif þuJGjym;jcm;em;rI tvGefay:vGifvmonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyft& ¤if;rSm
y#dnOfcH vlYtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; &Sdtjcm;olrsm;udk om&nfnTef;onfESifhwlonf/ ¤if;onf
a&G;EIwfykdifcGifh&Sdol eD;pyfaom trsdK; (odkY) pm;aoapvufpm;acs oludk ajymonf/ odkYaomf
aemufydkif;wGif xdka0g[m&udk ynwfawmfq,fyg;tm; xif[yfí vlYtoufowfaom oltm;
&nfnTef;um a[ma&S 4;2ESifh a,&rd 7;9 wdkYü okH;onf/ þpum;vkH;onf ynwfawmfudkomru?
taMumif;&if;udkyg
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
¤if;onf
tdrfeD;csif;rS
vlom;tcsif;csif;odkY
wdk;csJU&nfnTef;oGm;onf/
3/ þa0g[m&onf uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfopfumv ao'PfpD&ifjcif;ESifh ppfyJGrsm;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfacs/
*sL;wdkYü vlYtodkif;t0dkif;qdkif&m ao'Pf (0g) oefY&Sif;aom ppfyJGudk jyóem[k rjzpfcJhbl;Muacs/ (odkYr[kwf
¤if;udpötwGuf roefY&Sif;aom ppfyJG[lí r&Sdacs/)
4/ uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfopfumvtwGuf taumif;qkH; bmomjyefcsufrSm ]]MudKwifMuH&G,faom vlowfrI}} [lí
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
3/ usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;
u/ qXr? owÅrESifh tXr ynwfcsufrsm;udk a[jAJpum;vkH;ESpfvkH;pDjzifhom a&;om;onf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm tvGef
wdkawmif;xdrdonf/
c/ tjcm;toufrsm;enf;wl touf[lonf bk&m;ocifESifh oufqdkifonf/ tjcm;olrsm;ay: rdrdwdkY\
jyKrIykHonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; rdrdwdkY tawG;tjrifudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/
4/ "r®opfusrf;&Sd tvm;wlusrf;jydKifrsm;
u/ a,½I
1/ þynwfcsufudk oltus,fcsJUvdkufjcif;onf (róJ 5;21-26) þusrf;ydk'f ,aeY uRefawmfwdkY
acwfopfumvü rnfodkY tokH;jyK&rnfudk aqG;aEG;&mü toifhawmfqkH;jyifqifrIay;onf/
2/ a,½Ionf ynwfawmf q,fyg;tm; jyKrIjcif; oabmrS jyKrl&if; taMumif;&if;odkY odomay:vGifpGm
ajymif;vdkufonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY awG;onfhtwdkif;jzpfMuonf/ ]]vlonf rdrd pdwfESvkH;xJ
awG;onfhtwdkif; rdrdjzpf\/}} pOf;pm;jcif; toufwmonf rdrdwdkY cH,lonfxuf ydkrdkoufqdkifrI&Sdum?
ydkrdkt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
c/ a,m[ef
1/ 1a,m 3;15 þoabmESifhyif rkef;wD;jcif;tm; vlowfrItjzpf azmfjyonf/
2/ ró5;21ESifh 1a,m 3;15 wdkYü okH;aom *&da0g[m&wdkYrSm uJGjym;jcm;em;aomfvnf;? qdkvdk&if;rSmrl
toufwrQ wlnDaeonf/
3/ 1a,m 4;19-21 rSm tjyKoabmtjrifjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;yg/
5/ vufawGUusifhokH;jcif; or®mw&m;rsm;
u/ r&nf&G,faom vlowform;onf toufudk vufpm;acsol\ &efrS vGwfajrmufap&ef cdkvIH&mjrdKU
wpfjrdKUtm; cdkvIHcGifh&aomfvnf; (awmvnf 35/ a,m½I 20) xdktcsdefu ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;
390
uG,fvGefonftxd xdkjrdKUxJ tcsKyfcsxm;jcif; 'Pfudkrl cH&onf/ olYtjyKtrI\ aemufqufwJGrsm;udkyif ol
qufvufcH&onf/
c/ þusrf;csufonf rdrdudk,frdrd tqkH;pD&ifjcif;tm; wdkuf½dkufrajymaomfvnf;? a&S;acwfvlrsm;onf xdudpötm;
awG;rdcJhMuonfr[kwfojzifh vlYtouftm; tav;tjrwfxm;jcif;qdkif&m ed,rw&m; wpf&yfESifh
bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmtjyif rdrdo@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;aom vlUtouftwGuf
bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufwdkYudkyg azmfjyonf/ þusrf;csufonf þu@taMumif;tm; ,aeY uRefawmfwdkY
acwfumvtwGuf jyif;xefpGm pumajymaeonf/
*/ þusrf;csufonf rnfodkYjzpfap ,aeYacwfumv\ ar;cGef;rsm;udkrl tqkH;tjzwfay;aom tajzray;acs/ (1)
ao'Pfay;jcif; odkYr[kwf (2) ppfyJGrsm; udpö ESprf sdK;vHk;wGif tpöa&;vlrsKd;onf yg0ifywfoufonf/
bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftwdkif;ESifh ol\ xdef;csKyfrIatmufü zefqif;aom vlYtouf\ t"dyÜg,fqdkif&m
ed,ronf þu@ü ta&;MuD; udpöjzpffaeayao;onf/
C/ þusrf;csufonf vlYtouf\ *kPfodu©mESifh av;jrwfrItaMumif;vkdtyfaom pum;wcGef;ajymonf/
uRefawmfwdkY ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tjyKtrlü omru rdrdwdkY vlYtodkif;t0dkif;ESifh qdkifívnf;
b@mpdk;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
vufaqmifjzpfaom
toufonf
wpfOD;csif;ESifh
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;vnf;jzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif\ udk,fcE¨m? vlrIa&;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwdkudk tvTJokH;pmjyKjcif;twGuf
wm0ef&SdMu&kHrubJ? rdrdwdkY vlYtodkif;t0dkif;\ &kyfydkif;qdkif&m? vlrIa&;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwdkYudkyg
tvTJokH;pm;jyKMujcif;twGuf wm0ef&SdMuonf/ txl;ojzifh rdrdwdkY\ vlaerI pepftwGif; ajymcGifhqdkcGifh&um?
¤if;tm;jyKjyif cGifh&&SdMuaom vGwfvyfonfh uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf txl;ojzifh rSefuefonf[k qdk&ayrnf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ nDtpfudkrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;&aom olrsm;jzpfonf/
xGufajrmuf&m 20;14/ olwyg;r,m;tm;jypfrSm;jcif;
1/ usrf;pum; tquftpyf
u/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifudk cefYnm;aomtm;jzifh rdrdtdrfeD;csif;\ touf? r,m;ESifh ypönf;Opömrsm;tm;
av;pm;jcif;qdkif&mynwfcsufjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf (a,& 5;8)/ *&d"r®a[mif; Septuagint ürI
þynwfcsufrsm;tm; wpfrsKd;wpfzkHpDpOfum rSefuefaMumif; ay:vGifaponf/
c/ w&m;a[m&musrf;\ tvm;wl usrf;ydk'fonf þa&S;a[mif; or®mw&m;tm; rdrdwdkY\ acwfumv
,Ofaus;rI xkH;wrf;"avhtwGuf tokH;jyKjcif;\ oifhavsmf rSefuefykHudk jyoonf/
*/ rdbrsm;udk &dkaoav;pm;jcif;onf vlYtzJGUtpnf;wpfcw
k nfjidrf&ef aomhcsufjzpfaMumif; jrifMuonf enf;wl?
þynwfcsufonfvnf; ¤if;udkyif qdkvdkonf/
C/ rdrdwdkY\ vdifrIudpörsm;ESifh rdom;pk toufwmwdkYudk ydkifqdkifolESifh xdef;csKyfolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;
azmfjyonf/
i/ ynwfcsuf eHygwf 4onf urÇmOD; 2;1-3udk tajcjyKonf enf;wl þynwfcsufonf urÇmOD; 2;24 udk
tajcjyKykH &ygonf/
2/ pum;vkH; avhvmrI
u/ þusrf;ydk'f\ t"du a0g[m&rSm ]]olwyg;r,m;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;}}
a&S;a[mif;a[jAJ "avhxkH;pH aemufcHjzifh em;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
391
adultery
jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&udk
1/ ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\ ]]rw&m;aom arxkefjyKjcif;}} fornification ESifh uJGjym;aom adultery ac:
]]olwyg;r,mtm; jypfrSm;jcif;}} qdk&mü wzufvlrSm tdrfaxmifonf b0jzifh vdifrIqdkif&m qufqHrI&Sd
oljzpfonf/ þa0g[m&jzpfonf “fornification" rw&m;aom arxkefjyKjcif; [k qdk&mü rIESpfzufpvkH;
vlvGwfrsm;jzpfonf (okwÅH 29;3/ 31;3)/ þuJGjym;jcm;em;rIrSm "r®opf\ *&dpum;ü aysmufuG,f
aeonf/
2/ vufxyfxdef;jrm;jcif; udpöü þtaMumif;udk tav;teufjyK&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;wpf&yfrSm ¤if;onf
]]uwdawmfajr}} tm; ydkifqdkifjcif; tcGifhta&;ESifh oufqdkifaejcif;aMumifh jzpfEdkifonf/ ajr,mydkifqdkifrIudk
ESpfaygif; 50 jynfhwdkif; (a&T&wkobifusif;ywdkif;) rlvydkifqdkif olrsm;odkY jyefajymif;ay;avH&Sdonf/
3/ olwyg; r,m;ESifh jypfrSm;jcif;udk arma&S\ w&m;Oya' rjyXgef;rDuyif ,Ofaus;rI xkH;wrf;pOfvm ta&
jypfwif½Iwfcsonf/ (urÇm 12;10/ 26;7/ 39;9)/
4/ olwyg; r,m;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;onf
(u) tdrfeD;csif;udk qefYusifaom tjypf[k ½Ijrifonf xGuf20;14/ w&m;a[m 5;18
(c) xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;udk qefusifaom tjypf[k ½Ijrifonf 0wfjyK 18;20
(*) bk&m;ocifudk qefusifbufjyKjcif;tjzpf &Ijrifonf/ urÇm 20;1-13/ 26;7-11
5/ ESpfzufpvkH;udk ao'Pfay;Edkifonf/
(u) 0wfjyK 20;10
(c) w&m;a[m 22;22-24
(*) a,Z 16;40 (wifpm;jcif;)
(C) okwÅHusrf; 1-9 twGif; Muyfwnf;aom owday;rIrsm;&Sdonf/
3/ "r®opfusrf;ESifh qufpyfrI
u/ a,½Ionf zGifhjyawmfrljcif; ta[mif;\ tusOf;csKyftjzpf (vkum 10;27) 0wfjyK 19;18 udk okH;onf/
ynwfawmf q,fyg;rSm tjcm;olrsm; ay: rdrdwdkY\ jyKrIqufqHjcif;ESifh oufqdkifaMumif; þtcsufonf
twnfjzpfaponf/
c/ a,½Ionf róJ 5;28 ü þynwfcsufrsm;udk jyif;xefaponf/ olonf tjyKtrlrsm;xuf jyKrlapaom
taMumif;&if;udk tav;teufxm;onf/ *sL;vlrsKd;onf vl\ pdwfudk vlY0dnmOf\ wnfae&mtjzpf
½IjrifMuonf/ vlwpfa,muf awG;aomt&monf xdkvl\ tppftrSefjzpfonf/ (okwÅH 23;7)/ ¤if;onf
þpum; q,fcGef;rSm apmifhxdef;&ef rjzpfEdkifaomt&meD;yg; jzpfoGm;aponf/ þt&monfyif ¤if;\
&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf (*v 2;15-3;29)/
4/. acwfopf umvü tokH;jyKjcif;
u/ xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfü wpfoufwmvkH; ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh qufuyfrI\
taumif;qkH;aom acwfopf t"dyÜg,f wlpum;vkH;jzpfonffESifh wlonf/ ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;\ y#dOmOfjyKjcif;
qdkif&m oabm\ ppfrSefrItm; taumif;qkH; em;vnf oabmaygufEdkif&ef tcGifhaumif; wpf&yfjzpfonf/
(rmvcd 2;14)/ rdrdMuifbuftm; vdifrIqdkif&m tygt0if u@&yftm;vkH;ü &dkaoav;pm;jcif;onf
þusrf;csuf\ t"du tcsufudk em;vnfoabmaygufEdkif&ef yHhydk;onf/
c/ xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;ü wnfwHhcdkifjrJjcif;ESifh opö&Sdjcif;onf rdbwdkYtm; ½dkaoav;pm;jcif; enf;wl
vlYtzJGUtpnf;\ cGeftm;ESifh Mum&SnfwnfwhHa&;twGuf t"duwdkifvkH;MuD;rsm; jzpfonf/
*/ vl\ vdifpdwfudk bk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmiftjzpf tav;teufxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ ¤if;rSm
vlom;twGuf tMuHtpnfawmfESifh tvdkawmf jzpfonf/ vrf;nTefrIrsm;rSm vl\ vGwfvyfrIESifh 0rf;ajrmufrI
tm; csKd;ESdrf&ef r[kwfbJ? usqif;aom vlom;twGuf bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDnTwfap&efjzpfonf/
392
uefYowfrIrsm;rSm uREkfyfwdkY\ a&&SnftusKd;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufrItwGuf jzpfonf/ vlonf bk&m;ocifay;aom
vufaqmiftm;vkH; enf;wl vdifrIudpöudkvnf; tvTJokH;pm; jyKaomvnf;? ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\
xdef;csKyfrIESifh vrf;nTefrIatmufü &Sdaernfh vlom;twGif; pGrf;tm;MuD;aumif;ESiftm; wpf&yfqufvuf
jzpfaeygao;onf/
C/ vl\ yk*¾dKvf (tr jzpfaptxD;jzpfap) onf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;jcif;jzpfaomaMumifh
¤if;\ vQKdU0Sufcsuftm; &dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzifh vdifrIudpöudk apmifhxdef;&ygrnf/ ]]ig}} qdkonfh twÅudk
A[kdjyKaom usqif;onfh rdrdwdkY tm&kHjyKrIonf þu@ü vGefpGm ay:vGifonf/
xGufajrmuf&m/ 20;15 cdk;0Sufjcif;
1/ a,bk,soabm
u/ ynwfawmf q,fyg;xJu tjcm; ynwfcsufrsm; enf;wl uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESifh
bk&m;ociftm; &dkaoav;jrwfjcif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ avmuD? avmukwÅ&m aeYpOftoufwmrsm;ü
awGUjrifae&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;ygonfh[k a<u;aMumf&if; rdrdESifh y#dOmOf cHazmfcHzuf wpfOD;tm;
rSm;,Gif;jcif;rSm bk&m;ociftwGuf &GH&SmbG,f&m jzpfonf/ (1a,m 4;20-21/ 2;7-11)
c/ þynwfcsufrSm y#dnOfcH vlYtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; rdwfo[m,tm; qufvufwnfwHhap&ef yHhydk;a&;
jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m þrdwfo[m,\ t&nftaoG;onf ½IyfaxG;aeum? pl;prf;&SmazGaeaom
þurÇmtm; uRefawmfwdkY\ bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY qJGaqmifrnfjzpfum? ¤if;onf yif or®m usrf;pm\
&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/
*/ tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm;onf touf[lorQ ydkifqdkifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; tm½kHjyKonf enf;wl
þynwfcsufonfvnf; tvm;wl jyKonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm ydkif&Sifr[kwfbJ? b@mxdef;rsm;jzpfonf/
wefbkd;ray;&bJ? ydkifqdkifvkdaom rdrdwdkY\ usqif;rSm;,Gif;aom armif;ESiftm;onf þwm;jrpfcsuf\
jyifywGif &Sdonf/ (qmvH 50;10-12)
2/ pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI
u/ ¤if;rSm ynwfawmf q,fyg;\ 'kwd, tydkif;wGif 'kwd,ajrmuf ynwfcsufjzpfjyD;? a[jAJvdk pum;vkH;
ESpfvkH;rQomjzpfonf/
c/ wm;jrpfcsuf\ &nfpl;&mudk rzmfjyacs/ ¤if;tm; yHhydk;aomtcsufrsm;rSm
1/ ¤if;rwdkifrD ynwfcsufESpfckwdkYonf jypf'PfuscHapaom ynwfcsufrsm; jzpfonf/
2/ tvm;wl usrf;ydk'frsm;udk teD;uyf (xGuf 21;16) ü jzpfap? tvSrf;a0;&mü jzpfap (w&m;apm 24;7)
awGY&onf/ urÇmOD; 37üvnf; Munfhyg/
*/ ¤if;onf rnfrQyifwdkY awmif;apumrl cHcHumuG,frIay;aom tcsufrsm;&Sdonf/
1/ 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;tm;jzifh rSwfwrf;wifjcif; jzpfonf/
2/ ¤if;onf wm;jrpfjcif; ynwf\ jrifuGif;udk us,fjyefYaponf/
3/ cdk;jcif;qdkif&m eD;uyfaom tvm;wl usrf;ydk'fvnf; &Sdonf/ xGufajrmuf 22;1/
4/ a,½Ionf cdk;jcif;taMumif; &nfnTef;&ef þusrf;csufudk ay:vGifpGm udk;um;onf/ (róJ 19;18)/
C/ tjcm;a&S;a[mif; Oya'usrf;rsm;üyg cdk;0Sufjcif;udk azmfjyaomfvnf; jypf'PfrSm ao'Pf? ajc? vuf?
t*Fgrsm; jzwfypfjcif; odkYr[kwf tqaygif; 30avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;ponfwdkY jzpf\/
393
i/ þor®mw&m;udk t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk &Sif;vif;aom? t"dyÜg,fay:vSonfh tvm;wl usrf;ydk'ftcsKdU&Sdonf/
1/ 0wfjyK 19;1-18 ]]oifwdkY\ bk&m;ocif igxm0&bk&m; oefY&Sif;ojzifh oifwdkYvnf; oefY&Sif;jcif;
&SdMuavmh}}
(u) uREkfyfwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHonf uRefawmfwdkY zcrnf;awmfESifh uRefawmfwdkY bk&m;ocif\
rdom;pk Muiftifvu©Pmrsm; xif[yfay:vGifaeap&ygrnf/ (i,f 18)
(c) uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;onf rdrdwdkY\ aeYpOf toufwmtm; jyK&rnfh tjyKtrlrsm;jzifhjzpfap?
wm;jrpfcsufrsm;jzifh jzpfap tusKd;oufa&monfhjyif rSefuefaom t&if;cHtaMumif;rsm;jzifh
jyKjcif;jzpf&ygrnf/ (i,f 17)
(*) 0dkif;y,fcHolrsm;ESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; oem;Muifemjcif;onf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm;
rw&m;vk,ljcif; rjyK&jcif; enf;wl t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ i,f 11
2/ tmrkwf 8;4? 7 bk&m;ocifonf rw&m;&,ljcif;udk rkef;wD;onf/
3/ rdu©m 6;6-8 rdrdwdkY jyKrIorQü rSefueffap&ef bk&m;ocif tvdkawmf&Sdonf/ tb,hfaMumifh cdk;,lhjcif;
rjyKMuoenf;/
4/ xGufajrmuf 22;1/ rw&m;vk,ljcif; taMumif;udkifwG,f&mwGif ,aeYacwfopfü vdktyfaom
or®mw&m;rSm jyefvnfay;avsmfjcif; jzpfonf/ tjypf[lorQ wefbkd;MuD;av;onf/
3/ vufawGY usifhokH;jcif; or®mw&m;rsm;
u/
\ ZeD;? Davidman onf ynwfawmf q,fyg;taMumif; zwfcsifhpzG,f pmtkyfwpftkyf
a&;onf/ olronf þynwfcsufudk bmomjyef&mü ]]wpkHw&mtm; tvum;&&Sd&ef rMudK;pm;&}}
[kqdkonf/ ¤if;onf jrifuGif;tm; ydkifqdkifjcif;udk ausmfvGefí qJGqefYvdkufonf/ xdkYjyif olrajymonfrSm
]]ydkifqdkifrIonf tjypfr[kwfonfenf;wl? rjzpfrae tcGifhta&;vnf; r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifxHrS
,kHMunfpGm iSg;&rf;xm;aom t&mjzpfonf/}} [k qdkonf/
c/ usqif;aom vlYESvkH;om;\ tjcm;tjypfrsm; enf;wl cdk;0Sufjcif;udk topfaom pdwfESvkH;ESifh ajz&Sif;onf/
vla[mif; obm0jzpfaom ]]&,ljcif;}} onf vlopfb0ü ]]a0iS}} jcif;tjzpfaMumif;vJoGm;ykHrSm thHMobG,f&m
jzpfonf/
*/ bk&m;ocifudk rdrdwdkY ½dkaoav;jrwfaMumif;tm; rdrdwdkY\ y#dnOfcHabmfcHzuf tjcm;olrsm;tm;
½dkaowwfjcif;ü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&ygrnf/ þor®mw&m;onf ynwfawmf q,fyg;tm; vGrf;rdk;vsuf
&Sdonf/
C/ acwfopf vlom;onf enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh cdk;0Sufonf/
C.S. Lewis
1/ acwfopf vlom;onf cdk;,ljcif;tm; rnfodkY usifhokH;oenf;¿
2/ jyefvnfay;avsmfjcif;onf tjypudk aemifw&jcif;ESifh rnfokdY qufpyfoenf;¿
3/ þusrf;ydk'fonf ypönf;Opömydkifqdkifjcif; tay:t&Sif;&Sif 0g'\ tjrifESifh rnfokdY qufpyfoenf;¿
xGufajrmuf&m/ 20;17 remvdkjcif;
1/ ed'gef;
u/ aemufqkH; ynwfcsuf ig;ckwdkY\ qufpyfykHudk atmufygtwdkif ½IjrifEdkifonf/
394
1/ eHygwf 6?7 ESifh 8 wdkYonf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; ajymifwif;aom tjyKtrlwpfckjzifh
emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
2/ eHygwf 9onf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; tajymtqdktm;jzifh emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
3/ eHygwf10onf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; pdwftm;jzifh emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
c/ trSefrSm remvdkjcif;onf remvdkjcif; cH&ol tdrfeD;jcif;udk rxdcdkufbJ? um,uH&Sifudk zsufpD;acsrIef;onf/
rnfodkYjzpfap pdwfxJawG;aomt&monf tjyKtrltjzpf qufvufoGm;rnfudk þynwfcsufonf
arQmfvifhaejcif; jzpfEkdifonf/
*/ þynwfcsufrSm a&S;a[mif; tpöa&; Oya'usrf;üom awGU&aom twkrJhtEdIif;rJh taMumif;t&mjzpfum?
ta&SUtv,fydkif; Oya'usrf;rsm;ü rawGU&Sd&[k ½Ijrifol trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ þtopfaom t,ltqrSm
pOf;pm;jcif;rjyK&ef wm;jrpfcsufjzpfonf/ tawG;avmuonf 'kp½dkuftjytrlwdkY\ rlvtpjzpfaMumif;
tpöa&;wdkY od&SdaMumif;rSm trSefjzpfonf/ (okwÅH 23;7/ ,mukyf 1;14-15)/ odkYaomf þusrf;ydk'frSm
tjyKtrludk jzpfay:apaom pdwful; tawG;ESifh oufqdkifonfESifh wlonf/ usrf;ydk'f tawmfrsm;rsm;onf
]]remvdkjcif;}} tm; jykrIjcif;jzpfay:apaom a0g[m& tjzpfokH;Muonf/ (w&m;a[m 7;25/ a,½I 7;21/
rdu©m 2;2)
C/ tav;teufjyKaom t&mudk pm&if;\ yxrqkH;ESifh aemufqkH;ü jrif&jcif;rSm trSefjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifudkom
udk;uG,fjcif;onf
yxrjzpfaomfvnf;
þavmut&mrsm;ay:
rdrdwdkY\
pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh &nf&G,f&if;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif tay: rdrdwdkY\ ppfrSefaom oufuyfrIudk
azmfjyxif[yfaponf/ þtav;teuf jyKrIESpfzuftm; a,½I\ awmifay:a'oemawmfüvnf; awGY&onf/
róJ 6;33 ]]EdkifiHawmfESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;udk t&if&Smavmh/ odkYjyKvQif xdkt&mrsm;udk (19-32)
oifwdkYtm; xyfí ay;awmfrlvwJh}}
2/ pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI
u/ xGuf 20;17ESifh w&m;a[m 5;21 wdkYonf tajccHtm;jzifh wlnDaomfvnf; ay:vGifodomaom
uJGjymjcm;em;rI tcsKdU&Sdonf/
1/ ]]aetdrf}} qdkif&mydkí us,fjyefYaom t,ltq (0g) a,musfm;wpfa,muf\ ydkifqdkifrItaMumif;
xGufajrmuf&m 20 ü azmfjy&mwGif ZeD;onf jzpfoludkyg xnhfoGif;aomfvnf; w&m;a[m&m 5 ü
rlOD;pm;ay;jcif; oabm tvm;oD;oefY ae&mü azmfjyonf/
2/ xGufajrmuf&m 20 &Sda[jAJ a0g[m& ]]remvdk}} \ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]&&Sdvdkonf}} [lí jzpfaomfvnf;
w&m;a[m&m 5&Sd 'kwd,pum;vkH;url ]]remvdk}} enf;wl ]]tvdk&Sdonf}} [lí jzpf\ ]]remvdk}} [k qdk&mü
tvdk&Sdaom t&m&&Sd&ef tjyKtrlESifh qufpyfaom pdwfqEúdk azmfjyjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ]]tvdk&Sdonf}}
(desire) url pdwfaeoabmxm; wpfckwnf;vdkomvQif pl;pdkufonf/
3/ tpöa&; vlrsKd;rsm; oJuEÅm&xJ vSnfhvnfoGm;vmcJhpOf a&;om;aom xGufajrmuf&m 20ü ydkifqdkifaom
ypönf;Opömpm&if;rsm;wGif ]]v,f,m}} razmfjyaomfvnf; xGufajrmuf&m 5ü uwdawmfjynfü
tajccsaexdkifaom vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGuf tvm;wl ynwfcsufrsm; csxm;onf/
c/ ]]remvdk}} [laom pum;vkH;rSm Mum;aejzpfum? aumif;aomt&mrsm;udk tvdk&Sdjcif;udkvnf; &nfnTef;Edkifonf/
(qmvH 9;10? 1aum 12;31)/
*/ rrSefaomtvdk&Sdjcif;rSm pmwef?tm'H? {0ESifh uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkH;usqif;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/
aygvkonf rdrdudk,fwdkifrSm remvdkjcif; (tm;usjcif;) ESifh &kef;uef&oljzpfaMumif; a&mr 7;7? 8ü
txl;wvnf azmfjyxm;onf/ remvdkjcif; (tm;usjcif;) onf bk&m;ocif\ apmifha&Smuf
axmufrjcif;tay: rwif;wdrfjcif;ESifh udk;pm;rIr&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/
C/ "r®opfü remvdkjcif;taMumif;usrf;ydk'f tawmfrsm;rsm;ü yg&Sdonf/
395
1/ vlom;\ jyóemrSm a&mifh&JU wif;wdrfrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh avmbMuD;jcif;jzpfonf/ (vkum 12;15? 1wd 6;810)
2/ npfnrf;apaomtjypfrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&mü a,½Ionf remvdkjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;onf/ (rmuk
7;17? 23? 1aum 5;10? {zuf 5;5? aumavm 3;5)/
3/ or®mw&m;rsm;udk vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;
u/ wyfrufaom avmbESifh a&mifh&JUwif;wdrfrIr&Sdjcif;twGuf tajzrSm
1/ cspfjcif;arwÅ a&mr 13;8-10
2/ a&mif&JU wif;wdrfjcif; a[jAJ 13;5 zd 4;11-13 (ESifh a0rQjcif;) zd 4;14)
c/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf ]]&yfwefYvdkuf}} [lí ajymaomfvnf; &yfwefY&ef pGrf;tm;udk c&pfawmfuomvQif
ay;ygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ tawG; avmuudk ocifbk&m;txJü wpfckaom twdkif;twmxd
xdef;csKyfEdkifpGrf;&Sdygonf/
*/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk od&Sdxm;ygonf/
1/ 1&mZ0if 28;9
2/ okwÅH 20;27
3/ qmvH 139;1?23
4/ a,Z 17;10?
5/ a&mr 8;27
6/ Asm'dwf 2;23
C/ t&m0w¬Krsm;rSm qdk;oGrf;onf r[kwfaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkYudk OD;pm;ay;aomtcg tjypfjzpfvmonf/
t&m0w¬KwdkYrSm tqkH;pGefodkYr[kwf xm0&r[kwfbJ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifh zefqif;xm;aom
vluomvQif xm0&jzpfonf/ remvdkjcif;onf y#dnOfcH vlYtzJGUtpnf;tm; taumufMuHí zsufqD;aom
enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh jyKrlaqmif&Gufaponf/
1/ remvdkjcif; [lonf tb,fenf;/
2/ acwfopfvlom;rsm;onf rnfuJhodkY remvdkMuoenf;/
3/ uREfkyfwdkY tawG;rsm;rSm tjypf[kwfygovm;/
4/ c&pf,mef toufwmü axG;awmjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifh ta&;MuD;oenf;/
5/ xufajrmuf 20;17 &Sd ynwfcsufonf w&m;a[m&m 5;21 xJu tvm;wl ynwfcsufESifh tb,faMumifh
uJGjym;jcm;em;oenf;/
]]taMumif;rSm}} ¤if;onf ynwfawmf 10yg;udk &nfnTef;onf/ ynwfawmf 10yg;\ 'kwd,w0uf
pDpOfyHkonf *&dvufa&;usrf; Vaticanus ac: B vdkvdkufonf/ ¤if;onf a[jAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;\ (Masoretic)
xGufajrmuf&m 20ESifh w&m;a[m&m 5 wkdYESifh tenf;i,f uJGjym;onf/ ynwfawmf 10yg;\ 'kwd,w0ufonf
(YHWH) ESifh tpöa&;wdkY\ qufqHa&; tay: tajccHaom wOD;csif;\ qufqHa&;taMumif; jzpfonf/
]]ynwfcsuf&SdorQ tm;vkH;}} ¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfum pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[k
,lqjcif; okdYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ þpum;pk\ qdkvdk&if;
oabmrSm ]]ynwfawmf 10yg;tjyif tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm; &SdcJhygu}} [kqdkvdkonf/ wpfrsKd;ajym&vQif ¤if;onf
arma&S\ ynwÅdusrf; odkYr[kwf a,bk,stm;jzifh ]]w&m;Oya'}} tm;vkH;udk tusOf;csKH;jcif; jzpfonf/
396
a&S;&kd;*&d vufa&; 2 usrf;rsm;ü þynwfawmf 10yg;tm; tpDtpOfcs&mü rnfrQ&SdjyD; rnfodkY
jzpfaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí uJGjym;jcm;em;aom rl&if;wpfck&Sdonf/ ,k'bmomü
a&wGufykHwpfrsKd;&Sdum?
umodkvdyfESifh
y&dkwufpfwifhrsm;\
a&wGufykHrSmvnf;
wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
þuJGjym;jcm;em;rIonf
uJGjym;jcm;em;aom vufa&;usrf;trsm;pk wdkYü &Sdaom þusrf;ydk'f\ t"dyÜg,frSefudk rxdcdkufacs/
]][laom tcsufonf tusOf;csKyfxm;\}} ¤if;udk 0wfjyK 19;18rS udk;um;onf/ ¤if;udk c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü
tMudrfaygif;rsm;pGm udk;um;onf/ (róJ 5;43? 19;19? 22;39? rmuk 12;31 ESifh vkum 10;27)/ a,½Ionf
¤if;udk 'kwd, tMuD;rm;qkH; okdYr[kwf yxrtMuD;qkH; ynwfcsuf [k ac:onf/ ¤if;udk *v 5;14 ESifh ,mukyf
2;8 wdkYü vnf; udk;um;onf/ vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ocifudk cspfonfhtcg bk&m;ocifcspfaom olrsm;udk
cspfvdrfhrnf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh o@mefawmfjzifh zefqif;xm;aom vlom;rsm; urÇmOD; 1;26-27)
]]rdrdudk,f rdrdcspfonf enf;wl rdrdtdrfeD;csif;tm; cspfavmh}} ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk cspfum
vufcHjcif;rjyKrD bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk cspfonfenf;wl rdrdudk,f rdrdcspf&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrdudk,f
rdrdoifhavsmfpGm cspfjcif;onf raumif;aom t&mr[kwfacs/ þu@\ t"du or®mw&m;udk tjcm;olrsm;tm;
cspfjcif;ü &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf (i,f 10)/ bk&m;ocif\ rdrdudk,f rdrday;qyfjcif;? t½IH;cHaom
cspfjcif;arwÅmawmf\ xdkYxdjcif;cH&olrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; xdkenf;wl cspfvdrfrnfom jzpfonf/
(1a,m 3;16)/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;\ tajccHjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfudk jyef
vnf&&Sdjcif;)/ þuJhodkYaom cspfjcif; arwm&Sd&m t&yfü w&m;Oya' (ynwfcsuf) rvdktyfacs/
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;11-14
11
oifwdkYonf tdyfaysmf&mrS Ekd;&ef tcsdefem&Da&mufjyDjzpfaMumif;? tcsdefumvudk odvsuf þodkY
jyKMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum;? u,fwifjcif;onf igwdkY ,kHMunfcJhpOfxuf ,ck ydkí eD;vmjyDjzpf\/
12
ntcsdefukefqkH;í? aeYtcsdefeD;uyfvmjyDjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh arSmifrdkuftusifhrsm;udk z,f&Sm;um? tvif;\
ppf0wfwefqmrsm;udk 0wfqifMuygpdkY/ 13aeYtcsdefrSm uJhodkY aumif;rGefpGm usifhMuHMuum? yJGvrf;obifusif;yjcif;?
rI;,Zfaomufpm;jcif;? zdkrudpö ½IyfayGjcif;ESifh umr*kPfvdkufpm;jcif;? cdkuf&ef jzpfyGg;jcif;? remvdkjcif;rsm; r&SdbJ
aeMuukefthH/ 14ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfudk 0wfqifum? aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk jznfhqnf;&ef bmrQrjyKbJ
aeMuukeftHh/
13;11
NASB ]]þodkY jyKMuavmh}}
NKJV ]]...umþodkY jyKMuavmh}}
NRSV ]]þt&mtjyif}}
TEV ]]oifwdkY þt&mudk vkyfMu&ygrnf}}
NJB ]]xdkYjyif}}
¤if;rSm aemufuvkdufvmaom t&m (11-14) a&SUu t&m (9-10) rsm;ESifh qufpyfay;;jcif;jzpfonf/
w&m;em½kHoufoufjyKolrsm; r[kwfbJ (,mukyf 1;22?23?25) w&m;usifhaom olrsm; jzpfMuavhm/
cspfjcif;arwÅmudk tvkyfjzifh jy&rnfjzpfonf/
397
]]tcsdefumvukd odvsuf}} ¤if;rSm
wpfckjzpfonf/ þa0g[m&rSm tcsdefumv
oD;oefYwpfck (kaivos) udk ajymjcif;jzpfjyD;? ykHrSefouú&mZmf onf vdkufaomtcsdef (chronos) r[kwfacs/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf (1) rnfonfh tcsdefrqdk c&pfawmfjyefvnf<uvmrnf [laom tvif;xJESifh (2) uyfumv
topft*kPfOD; oef;vmcJhjyDjzpfaMumif; [laom tvif;ESpfckxJ touf&Sif&ef jzpfonf/
PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
]]tcsdefem&Da&mufjyDjzpfaMumif;}} bk&m;ocif\ a&G;EIwfjcif; pDrHawmfrIcsufü (3;26/ 1aum 7;29/ 10;11/
,mukyf 5;8/ 1ay; 4;7/ 2ay 3;9-13/ 1a,m 2;18/ Asm 1;3/ 22;10) þwifpm;rIjzpfaom ]]tcsdefem&D}}
(a,m[ef c&pf0ifusrf;ü rMucPokH;) rSm oD;oefY tcsdefwpfckjzpfonf/ (kairos ESifh qifwljzpfonf/) ¤if;udk
a,½I vuf0g;uyfwdkifay: taocHjcif;ESifh jyefvnf<uvmjcif;twGuf okH;onf/
]]tdyfaysmf}} þa0g[m&udk udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&mayghavsmhrItm; wifpm;&ef okH;onf/ ({zuf
5;8-14/ 1ouf 5;6)/ pum;vkH;rsm;onf wpkHw&maom usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmtm;jzifh omvQif
t"dyÜg,f &Sdonf/ t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk csuf taorSwf,ljcif;tm; owdjyKyg/ pum;vkH;wdkif;ü jzpfEdkifaom t"dyÜg,f
tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (t"dyÜg,fyGg;)
]]u,fwifjcif;onf ,ckydkí eD;vmjyD}} u,fwifjcif;rSm tpjyKqkH;jzpfcsufESifh qufvufoGm;aejcif;
wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 10;14ü Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm; rdrdwdkY\ udk,fcE¨m
topfr&rcsif; &yfwHhjynfhpkHoGm;rnf r[kwfacs/ (1a,m 3;2/ 2ouf 4;13-18/ a[jAJ 9;28/ 1ay 1;5)/
"r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh ¤if;udk ]]bkef;MuD;apjcif; csD;ajrSmufjcif;}} [k ac:onf/ (a&mr 8;30)? ocifbk&m;onf
rdrdtouf&SifaepOf jyefvnf<uvmrnfudk arQmfvifh&jcif;rSm acwftqufquf c&pf,mefwdkif;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;
jzpfonf/ (vkum 21;28)/ aygvk tygt0ifvnf; jzpfonf/ (1ouf 4;15)
]]igwdkY ,kHMunfcJhpOfuxuf}} c&pf,mefrSm qkH;jzwfcsuf wpfckjzifh tpjyKonf rSefaomfvnf; (csufjcif;
ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;) bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfay:apum
(qufvufwdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 ü Munfhyg)/ c&pfawmfESifh
wljcif;jzifh tqkH;owfonf/ (bkef;MuD;apjcif;? csD;ajrSmufjcif;)/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftxJ ay;prf;aeaom
t&mudk vufcH&ef jzpfonf/ (a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/ þtpjyKqkH;jzwfcsufESifh &yfwHhroGm;bJ?
qufuyfjzpfay:aeonf/
13;12 ]]ntcsdefukefcgeD;}} ¤if;onf qdk;oGrf;aom zsufpD;jcif;cHum? tpm;xkd;jcif; jyKaejyDjzpfaom qdk;qGrf;onfh
þvuf&Sduyfumvudk &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum 7;29-31/ 10;11/ ,mukyf 5;8/ {zuf 5;8?14/ 1a,m 4;7/
2a,m 2;17-18/ Asm 1;3/ 22;10)/ txl;taMumif;t&m 12;2 ü Munfhyg/ aygvkESifh a,m[efwdkYuomvQif
yifv,faousrf;pmvdyf (Dead Sea Scroll- DSS) enf;wl tarSmifESifh tvif;\ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIudk tokH;jyK
azmfjyMuonf/
]]aeYtcsdefeD;vmjyD}} ¤if;rSm
wpfckjzpfonf/ þaeY&ufrsm;onf aemufqkH;aom
umvjzpfonf/ (zd4;5/ ,mukyf 5;9)/ a,½I vl0ifpm;um? zGm;jrifawmfrlcsdefrSpí uRefawmfwdkYrSm
aemufqkH;aom umvtwGif; a&mufcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf bkef;wef;cdk;awmfjzifh oljyefvnf<uvmonftxd
Mumvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ yxrwpf&mckrSpí ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf jyefvnf<uvmjcif; þodkY
tcsdefMum&Snf aESmifhaES;jcif;udk tHhtm;oifhcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf uyfumvtopfonf c&pfawmftxJ
t*kPfOD;wufcJhjyDjzpf\/
PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
398
c&pfawmf<uvmjcif;\ eD;uyfrItaMumif;rSwfpkudk Asm'dwfusrf;tm; uREkfyfteufzGifhrI\ ]]ta&;MuD;aom
rdwfqufpum;}} acgif;pOfatmufrS ,ljcif;jzpfonf/ tifwmeufwGif www.freebiblecommentary.org ü
Munfhyg/
]]qXrwif;rmrI}} (c&pfawmf<uvmjcif;\ eD;uyfrI tNydKif ¤if;\ MuefYMumrI Parousia).
,kHMunfoltrsm;pkwdkYrSm a,½Ionf rMurD rarQmfvifhonfh tcsdefü &kwfw&uf jyefvnf<uvmrnf[k
oGefoifjcif;cHcJhMuonf/ (róJ 10;23/ 24;27? 34? 44/ rmuk 9;1/ 13;30) odkYaomf arQmfvifhol ,kHMunfaom
rsKd;qufwdkif;rSm ,ckxd vTJrSm;oGm;cJhMuonf/ a,½I jyefvnf<uvmcsdef eD;aejyDjzpfaMumif;rSm rsKd;qufwdkif;ü
wef;cdk;MuD;vSaom ajrmfvifhjcif;uwdawmfjzpfcJhaomfvnf; ¤if;rSm wpfa,mufaom oltwGufomvQif
rSefuefonf/ (xdkolrSm nSOf;yrf;ESdyfpufjcif; cHoljzpfonf) ,kHMunfol lrsm;onf udk,fawmf
reufjzef<uvmrnfuJhodkY touf&Sif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; olaESmifhaES;jyefYMum OD;rnfh tvm; pDpOfum?
r[mapcdkif;jcif; jyD;ajrmufap&ef vkyfaqmifMu&ef jzpfonf/
c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;xJu tcsKdUusrf;ydk'frsm;ESifh (rmuk 13;10/ vkum 17;2/ 18;8)
1?2oufomavmed Mo0g'pmrsm;onf 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif; aESmifhaES;MuefYMumrIudk tajccHonf/
(Pariusia) xdktcsdefrwdkifrD yxrqkH;jzpfay:rnfh ordkif;0iftjzpftysuftcsKdU &Sdonf/
1/ wurÇmvkH; {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; ysHUESHapjcif; (róJ 24;15/ rmuk 13;10)
2/ ]]t"r®vl}} ay:vmjcif; (róJ 24;15/ 2ouf 2/Asm 13)
3/ MuD;rm;aom nTef;qJESdyfpufjcif; (róJ 24;21?24/ Asm 13)/
wrifoufouf t"dyÜg,f r&Sif;vif;? roJuJGrI&Sdonf/ (róJ 24;42-51/ rmuk 13;32-36) ,aeYonf
rdrd\ aemufqkH;aeYuJhodkY touf&Sifum? tem*wftrIawmftwGuf pDpOfavhusifhyg/
]]z,f&Sm;.... 0wfqif}} ¤if;rSm a&SmifwcifvdktyfrIudk jyaom
jzpfonf/
oabmrSm ]]oifhudk,fwdkif z,f&Sm;yg... wpfcgwnf;ESifhtjyD;tydkif;twGuf 0wfqifyg}} [lí jzpfonf/
ajzmifhrwfapjcif; (aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,kHMunfjcif;) ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaom
touf&Sifjcif;) ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ü bk&m;ESifh vlom;ESpfzufpvkH;yg0ifonf/ t0wftpm;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyjcif;udk
aygvka&;aom pmrsm;ü ygaeusjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\ n0wf? t0wftpm;rsm; cRwfypfum?
wdkufyJG0if 0wfpkHrsm; 0wfqifMu&ef jzpfonf/ ({zuf 4;22-25/ aum 3;10? 12?14)/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm aeYpOf
0dnmOfwdkufyJGtwGuf jyifqifaeaom c&pf,mefppfonfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ({zuf 6;10-18)/ NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp.
315-316 \ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/
AORIST MIDDLE SUBJUNCTIVE
]]tvif;\ ppf0wfwefqm}} ¤if;rSm a[&Sm 59;17 tm;&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm
ajzmifhrwfjcif; ppf0wfwefqmESifh vufeufypönf;rsm;udk tjyD;tydkif wyfqif&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 6;7/ 10;4/
{zuf 6;11? 13/ 1ouf 5;8)/ bk&m;ocif\ ppf0wfwefqmwdkYrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
&EkdifonfrSefaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYonf
1/ rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfrIudk todtrSwfjyK&rnf
2/ bk&m;ocif\yHhydk;rIudk todtrSwfjyK&rnf
3/ ¤if;udk rdrdwdkYtawG;urÇmESifh vufawGUb0wGif vludk,fwdkifESifh &nf&G,fcsufjzifh jynfhpkHap&rnf/
þb0toufwmrSm aeYpOf 0dnmOfwdkufyJGqifEJTaejcif;jzpfonf/ Clinton F. Arnold \ Three Crucial
Questions About Spiritual Warfare pmtkyfüMunfhyg/
399
13;13 ]]aumif;rGefpGm usifhMuHMuum}} ¤if;rSm AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfum? trSefpifppfrSm
]]vrf;avQmuf}} [lí jzpfonf/ þa[jAJ tD'D,HrSm touf&Sijf cif;ykHpH wpfckudk qdkvdkonf/ ({zuf 4;1?17/ 5;2?
15)/ aygvk 33 Mudrf ausmfokH;onf/
þtcef;i,f 13ü azmfjyaom tjypfrsm;rSm a0g[m& ESpfvkH;pDygaom trsKd;tpm;okH;rsKd;jzpfonf/
þa0g[m&rsm;rSm t"dyÜg,fxyf aeonf/ t"dyÜg,fwl pum;vkH; oabmqdkvdkjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aumif;jrwfaom t&mrsm;ESifh ,kwfnhHaom t&mrsm; 1;28-32 Munfhyg/
þa0g[m&rsm;onf a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;rsm;tMum;
wif;rmrIESifh qufpyfrI &SdEdkifonf/ wyg;trsKd; ,kHMunfoltopfrsm;onf (1) tusifhysufaom omoemy
udk;uG,fjcif;qdkif&m usifhokH;rI tcsKdUqufvufMujcif;? odkYr[kwfyguvnf; (2) a&mrjrdKUawmftwGif;
*sL;bmoma&; yJGvrf;obiftm;vkH; &yfwHh&ef eD;&dk;bk&if\ trdefYawmfaMumifh wcPxGufajy;&mrS
jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmaom ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;udk armufrmpGm qefYusifbufjyKaejcif; jzpfEdkifonf/
]]yJGvrf;obifusif;yjcif;ESifh
rI;,Zfaomufpm;jcif;}} óoemy vlrsKd;rsm;\ t&ufaomuf&aom
bmoma&; yJGvrf;obifrsm;ESifh qufpyfaom vdifrIudpö usL;vGefazmufzsufjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ *v 5;21u
aoG;om; Zmwd qdkif&mtjypfrsm; pm&if;ü þ a0g[m&rsm;udkvnf; ,SOfwJGxnfhoGif;onf/
]]zdkrudpö½IyfayGjcif;ESifh
umr*kPfvkdufpm;jcif;}} þtwJGonf yxrtwJGESifh xyfae[ef&Sdonf/
'kwd,a0g[m&udk "r®opfusrf;ü tus,ft0ifh tokH;jyKonf/ (rmuk 7;22/ 2aum 12;21/ *v 5;19/ {zuf
4;19/ 1ay 4;3/ 2ay 2;7)/ yxrtwJGonf t&ufaopmaomufpm;jcif;udk tm½kHjyKonfqdkvQif þtwJGonf
vlrIa&;t& xdef;csKyfrIr&SdbJ? t&SuftaMumufuif;rJhaom umr*kPfvdkufpm;rIudk tm½kHjyKonf/
]]cdkuf&efjzpfyGg;jcif;?
remvdkjcif;r&SdbJ}} þa0g[m&rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;twGif; cdkuf&ef
jzpfyGg;jcif;taMumif;ajymonf/ (*v 5;20) ¤if;rSm txufyg yxrtwJGESifh qdkifaom rqDavsmfonfh tusifh\
tusKd;qufjzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf c&pf,mefrsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfygu (1aum 3;3/ aum 3;8) ,kHMunfolrsm;
toufwmü &yfwHhypfvdkuf&efjzpfaom omoemybmoma&; usifhokH;rItcsKdUtm; qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/
rnfodkYjzpfap þtcef;i,fonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh qefYusifhbufjzpfaeojzifh þ½Iaxmifht& ¤if;rSm usrf;pum;
tquftpyft& MudKwifowday;jcif; oufoufjzpfayrnf/
13;14 ]]ocifa,½Ic&pfudk 0wfqifum}} þwifpm;okH;EIef;rIonf &Sifbk&ifa,½I\ &Sifbk&if0wf&kHudk &nfnTef;jyD;
¤if;udk ,kHMunfolrsm;\ ykckH;ay:csxm;vsuf&Sdonf/ (&yfwnfhrIqdkif&m oefY&Sif;jcif;) tcsKdUusrf;pmq&mrsm;onf
¤if;udk ESpfjcif;r*Fvm 0wf&kHtm;&nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf ½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ þt0wftpm;jzifh wifpm;rIudk tcef;i,f
12ü yxrOD;qkH; azmfjyonf/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmftxJ ,kHMunfol\ taetxm;opftm;jyojcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
¤if;onf c&pfawmftxJu ,kHMunfolrsm;\ &yfwnfcsuf topfaMumiffh olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtopfqdkif&m a&G;cs,frIrsm; (qufuyfjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;) jynfhpkHapMu&rSm
jzpfaMumif;udkvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ ({zuf 4;22? 24/ aum 3;8)/ þor®mw&m;udk *vwd 3;27ü
tjzpftysuf rSefwpf&yftjzpf (INDICATIVE) azmfjyonf/þae&mürl apckdif;jcif;wpfcktjzpf azmfjyonf/
IMPERATIVE (AORIST MIDDLE) tjzpftrSefwpf&yftjzpfESifh apcdkif;jcif;wpfcktjzpf azmfjyrI tMum; wif;rmrIonf
c&pfawmftxJ
uRefawmfwdkY\
&yfwnfcsufESifh
xdk&yfwnfcsufudk
ydkifqdkif&ef
uRefawmfwdkY\
tm;xkwfjcif;wdkYtMum; wif;rmrIudkjyonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 ü Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;&vQif&csif;
uRefawmfwdkYrSm oefY&Sif;olrsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf;? uRefawmfwdkYudk oefY&Sif;&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf/ ¤if;rSm
c&pfawmftxJ tcrJh jynfhpkHaom u,fwifjcif;ESifh or®musrf;pmawmfvm qefYusifbufjzpfae[efjzifh ESpfckpvkH;
rSefaomtaMumif;t&m (paradox) wpfckjzpfum c&pfawmfESifhtwl&ef zdwfac:aomc&moH jzpf\/
400
]]tvdkjznfhqnf;&ef bmrQrjyKbJ}} ¤if;rSm
ygaom PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE
wpfckjzpfonf/ þo'´gzJGUpnf;ykHrsKd;onf qufuyfjzpfay:aecJhjyD; jzpfaom tjyKtrlwpf&yftm; &yfwHhaponf[k
t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ a&mrjrdKU &Sdc&pf,meftcsKdU touf&Siaf eykHrSm rqDravsmfjzpfaeonfudk qdkvkd[ef&Sdonf/
olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,cif rdpä'dXd udk;uG,fjcif; tusifhrsm; qufvufjyKaeMuonfESifh wlonf/
aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkudk vkdufaom c&pf,mefrsm;taMumif; "r®opfusrf;\ oGefoifykHudk &Sif;jy&ef
cufcJonf/ "r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf vlom;rsm;\ tajctaeudk tjzLtrJ a0g[m&rsm;jzifh
(oJuJGjywfom;pGm) wifjyMuonf/ aoG;om;Zmwd c&pf,mef qdkonfudk pum; a0g[m&rsm;tm;jzifh
jiif;qdkon/f odkYaomf ¤if;rSm ]]jzpfcJhjyD;}} ESifh ]]rjzpfao;aom uRefawmfwdkY\ yuwdvufawGU toufwm rsm;
vnf; jzpfaeygonf/
NEGATIVE PARTICIPLE
aygvkonf vlom;udk tkyfpkokH;rsKd; cJGonf/ (1aum; 2;14-3;1)
1/ obm0 vlrsm; (0dnmOfaysmufqkH;ol vlom;rsm;) 2;14
2/ 0dnmOfvlrsm; (u,fwifjcif;&ol vlom;rsm;) 3;1
3/ aoG;om;Zmwd (c&pf,mefrsm;odkYr[kwf c&pf,mef uav;i,frsm;) [lí jzpfonf/ 3;1
]]aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk}} aygvkonf usqif;aom uRefawmfwdkY\ tm'H obm0ü qufvufaejcif;\
tEÅ&,fudk aumif;pGm od&Sdonf/ (a&mr 7/ {zuf 2;3) odkYaomf bk&m;ociftwGuf touf&Sifvdkaom pdwfESifh
wefckd;udk a,½Ionf uRefawmfwdkYudk ay;xm;onf/ (a&mr 6)/ ¤if;rSm qufvufjzpfaeaom
tm;xkwf&kef;uefrIjzpfonf/ (8;5-7/ 1a,m 3;6-9)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om;Zmwd (sarx) 1;3 ü
Munfhyg/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
þusrf;pm\
þtydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
1/ tpdk;&taMumif; aygvk\ azmfjycsufonf ueOD; c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf tb,faMumifh tvGefjyif;xef
&oenf;¿
2/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rnfonfh tpdk;&ykHpHrsKd;udk rqdk emcH&ygrnfavmh¿
3/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tpdk;& awmif;qdkaom w&m;Oya' tm;vkH; emcH&ygOD;rnfavmh¿
4/ &Sifbk&ifü bk&m;ay;aom tcGifhta&;&Sdonf[k tcef;i,f 1onf oGefoifygoavm¿
5/ aygvkonf "r®oabmw&m;topf azmfxkwfvdkufjcif;avm¿
6/ tpdk;&tm; remcHjcif;onf c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf rSefuefcJhbl;ygovm;¿
7/ ti,f 4onf ao'Pftjypfay;jcif;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿
401
8/ c&pf,mefwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwf^twGif;pdwf (rdrdudk,f rdrdoaom pdwf) onf tjrJrSefygovm;¿ (i,f 5)
9/ ti,f 8udk tajcjyKum? c&pf,mefrsm;onf ta<u;aps;0,fu'frsm; r&Sd&oavm¿
10/ ti,f 8onf tjcm;aom c&pf,mefrsm;tm; cspfjcif; (0g) vltm;vkH; cspfjcif; b,f[mudk ajymygoenf;¿
11/ aygvkonf "r®opf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk vHIYaqmfay;&ef ynwfawmf q,fyg;udk tb,faMumifh okH; oenf;¿
12/ aygvkonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh ygwfoufí tb,faMumifh xkduJhodkY aMumufvefYbG,f&m tjypfudk
xnfhoGif;oenf;¿
13/ vlonf ]]ocifa,½I c&pfawmfudk rnfuJhodkY 0wfqif}} oenf;¿
402
a&mr 14
acwfopf bmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; pmydk'fcJGjcif;
4
4BS
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
oifhnDtpfudktm;
w&m;rpD&ifESifh
vGwfvyfjcif;\
Oya'o
arwÅmonf tjcm;ol tjcm;olrsm;
rsm;\pdwfroefYrIudk udkrpD&ifESifh
av;pm;wwfonf
pdwfroefYolrsm;tay:
cspfjcif;arwÅm
14;1-12
14;1-13
14;1-4
14;5-6
14;7-9
14;10-12
14;1-12
rdrdnDtpfudk
udkrvJapESifh
arwÅm\Oya'o
14;13-23
14;14-23
14;1-4
14;5-12
NJB
tjcm;olrsm;udk
rvJapESifh
14;13-23
14;13-18
14;19-23
14;13-21
(14;22-25;6)
14;22-23
þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;vJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SmOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;?
teufjyefjcif;\
toJESvkH;jzpfaom
rl&if;pma&;ol\
MuH&G,fcsufem;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
403
ti,f 1-12tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ þtcef;MuD;onf c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIqdkif&m qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifjzifh rSefaomt&mrsm;ESifh
c&pf,mef\ wm0ef0w¬&m;tm; csdefcGifvQmnDap&ef tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/. tcef;MuD; 15;13 txdjcKHonf/
c/ þtcef;MuD;\ tvsifpvdkEdkifrIrSm a&mr toif;awmftwGif; wyg;trsKd; ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh *sL;vlrsKd;
,kHMunfolrsm;tMum; wif;rmrIaMumifh (odkYr[kwf xdktcsdefü aum&dEÅK toif;awmftwGif; aygvk\
tawGYtMuHKaMumifh) jzpfEdkifonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;onf rajymif;vJrD ynwfw&m; buf,drf;,dkifolrsm;jzpfum?
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;rSmrl tusifhysufjcif; bufodkY ,drf;,dkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ þtcef;MuD;onf a,½I\
aemufvdkufppfppfrsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ Zmwdqefaom ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ajymjcif;r[kwfacs/ (1aum
3;1) tjrifhrm;qkH;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk tkyfpkESpfckpvkH;twGuf jzpfonf[k ajymonf/
þaqG;aEG;wifjyrIonf tjypf&Smaom w&m;Oya'orm;rsm; (0g) *kPfazmfaom vpfb&,f0g'Drsm;twGuf
cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpifr[kwfacs/
aygvkonf aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS a&mrjrdKUodkY a&;om;jcif;jzpfonfudk owd&yg/ xdae&m&Sd jyóemrSm
*dkPf;*epdwfjzpfaomfvnf;? þae&mürl ykHpHrwlaom ,kHMunfolrsm; &Sdonf/
*/
,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ "r®oabmw&m; (0g) udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;
tm;vkH;twGufvnf; rjzpfap&ef owdxm;&rnf (2aum 10;12)/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; rdrd&&Sdaom
tvif;xJavQmufoGm;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\ "r®oabmw&m;rSm tvdkvdkyif bk&m;ocif\ "r®oabm
w&m;jzpfroGm;aMumif; em;vnfxm;&efvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY tcsif;csif;onf or®musrf;pm tm;jzifh
usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrIESifh tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh tm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; arwÅmtm;jzifh
jzpf&ygrnf/ rdrdodaMumif;ydkí odavav? todynmydkrsm;vmavjzpfonf/ (1aum 13;12)
C/ tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk wefzdk;jzwf&mü bk&m;ocifha&SUawmfarSmufü rdrdwdkU\ pdwfae
oabmxm;ESifh xdkYodkUjyK&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;rsm;rSm wu,faomhcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf
rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfuJhodkUjyKMuaMumif; tay:w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ef c&pfawmfa&SUarSmufü &yfMu&rnf/
(ti,f 10?12ESifh 2aum 5;10)
i/ rmwifvlomajymonfrSm ]]c&pf,mefvlwpfa,mufonf rnfolYvufatmufürS r&Sdaom vltm;vkH;teuf
ocifbk&m;\
tvGwfvyfqkH;aomvljzpfonf/
c&pf,mef
vlwpfa,mufrSm
tm;vkH;\
vufatmufcHjzpfaom tm;vkH;teufrS wm0eft&SdqkH;tapcHjzpfonf}} [kqdk\/ or®musrf;pmvm
or®mw&m;[lonf qefYusifaeoa,mif&Sdaomfvnf; trSefjzpfaomwif;rmrIESifh jynfhaom ykHpHjzifh
wifqufxm; avh&Sd\/
p/ cufcJaomfvnf; ta&;MuD;aomtaMumif;t&mrSm a&mr 14;1-15;13? 1aum 8-10 ESifh aumavm 2;8-23
wdkYjzpfonf/ þu@ü uREkfyftm;yHhykd;aom pmtkyfrSm Gordon Free and Douglas Stuart, "How To Read
the Bible for All Its Worth" pmrsufESm 75-86/
q/ rnfodkYjzpfap&dk;om;jzLpifaom ,kHMunfolwdkUtMum; trsKd;rsKd;jzpf&Mujcif;rSm qdk;aomt&mr[kwaMumif;
azmfjy&ef vdktyfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkif;ü tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufudk,fpD&SdMuonf/ vlwdkif; rdrd&&Sdaom
tvif;xJoGm;um tvif;ydkrdk&&Sd&ef 0dnmOfawmfESifh or®musrf;pmtwGuf tjrJwHcg;zGifhay;&ygrnf/ rIef0g;aom
404
MunfhrSefrS wqifhomjrif&aom þumvü (1aum 13;8-13) cspfjcif;arwÅmtxJ (ti,f15) jidrf;csrf;pGmjzifh
(i,f 17?19) tjyeftvSefwnfaqmufp&mjzpfapjcif;iSg touf&Sif&rnfjzpfonf/
Z/ þtkyfpkrsm;udk aygvkay;aom ]]tm;&Sdol}} ESifh ]]tm;enf;ol}} [laom emrnfwdkYonf olwdkUudk wpfrsKd;xifp&m
jzpfaponf/ aygvk\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm xdkodkUr[kwfac/ ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ppfrSefaom ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk rdrdwdkU\ ykHpHodkY oGuo
f Gif;bdkY MudK;pm;&ef r[kwfay/ c&pfawmftxJ
tcsif;csif;vufcHMu&efomjzpfonf/
ps/ aMumif;usKd;jyaom þaqG;aEG;csufwpfckvkH;udk atmufygtwdkif;tusOf;csKyfqdkifonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmfxJü uREkfyfwdkYudk vufcHojzifh tcsif;csif;vufcHMu (14;1-3? 15;7)/
2/ c&pfawmfonf igwdkY\ ocifESifhw&m;olMuD;jzpfojzifh tcsif;csif;pD&ifjcif;rjyK& (14;3-12)
3/ wpfOD;jcif; vGwfvyfrIxuf cspfjcif;arwÅmrSm omí ta&;BuD; (14;13-23)
4/ c&pfawmf\ touf&Sifjcif; vdkvdkufí tjcm;olrsm;twGuf wnfaqmufp&mjzpfap&ef rdrdtcGifhta&;udk
t½IH;cHyg/ (15;1-13)
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom bmomjyefusrf; 14;1-4
1
,kHMunfjcif;tm;enf;oludk vufcHyg/ odkUaomf ol\ t,ltqrsm;udk pD&ifjcif;jyK&ef &nf&G,fcsuf
r[kwf&yg/ 2vlwpfa,mufonf tpmtm;vkH;pm;Edkifonf [laom tjrif&dSaomfvnf; tm;enf;aom olurl
[if;oD;[if;&Gufudkom pm;onf/ 3pm;aom oludk rpm;aom olonf txifao;&efr[kwf/ rpm;aom oludk
pm;aom olonf pD&ifjcif;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf olYudk vufcHawmfrljyD/
4
tjcm;ol\ tapcHudk pD&ifjcif;jyK&ef oifonf rnfolenf;/ ol&yfwnfonfjzpfap? vJonfjzpfap
olYociftwGufjzpfonf/ ocifbk&monf olYudk &yfwnfapEdkifojzifh olonf &yfwnfvdrfhrnf/
14;1
NASB ]]vufcHyg}} (accept)
NKJV ]]vufcHyg}} (receive)
NRSV, TEV ]]MudKqdkyg}}
NJB ]]MudKqdkjcif;jyKyg}}
¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf (15;1) qufvufaeaom apcdkif;jcif;jzpfjyD;
vufcHrnfht&mudk txl;jyKon/f *&dMud,mü ]]oif}} (wdkU) [laom emrf;pm;&Sdaomfvnf; t*Fvdyfürl ¤if;onf
]]tm;&Sdol}} c&pf,mefrsm;udk qdkvdkum olwdkYudkyif &nfnTef;onf/ (15;1) ¤if;onf a&mr toif;&Sd tkyfpkESpfckwdkY
udkqdkvdkonf/ ¤if;\ jzpfEdkifaomqufpyfrIrSm
1/ ,kHMunfol *sL;ESifh wjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; tMum;wif;rmrI (15;7-21) odkYr[kwf ((2) uJGjym;jcm;em;aom
vlyk*¾Kvf wOD;jcif;\ pHrsm;[lí jzpfonf/ þ usrf;ydk'fwpfckvkH;onf ppfrSefjyD;&dk;om;aom ,kHMunfol
lrsm;taMumif;jzpfum ,kHMunfjcif;ü tcsKdUtm;&Sdum wcsKdUtm;enf;onf/ þae&mü ,kHMunfjcif;qdkonfrSm
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; em;vnfjcif;?¤if;\ tjywfopfvGifjcif;ESifh vGwfajrmufapjcif; qdkif&mrsm; jzpfonf/
405

NASB, NKJV
]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;ol}}
NRSV, TEV ]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;aom olrsm;}}
NJB
]]vlwpfa,muf\ ,kHMunfjcif;aumif;pGm
rcdkifchH}}
þpum;pkonf rsufESmcsifqdkifaom oabmxm;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ t"dyÜg,f&if;rSm ]],kHMunfjcif;
tm;enf;onf}} [líjzpfonf/ ypöKyÜefumvjy jzpfaejcif;onf touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHjzpfaMumif;jyonf/ ¤if;onf
w&m;Oya'enf;uspdwfaeoabmxm;udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/ pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom ,kHMunfol c&pf,mefudk
þtcef;MuD;xJü azmfjyyHkokH;rsKd;&Sdonf/
1/ tpm;taomufwm;jrpfjcif; (14;2? 6?21)
2/ txl;aeY&ufrsm; tav;teufxm;jcif; (14;5-6)
3/ pyspf&nfwm;jrpfjcif; (14;17? 21)
þykHpHrsKd; vludk a&m 15;1 ESifh 1aum 8;9-13/ 9;22 wdkYü azmfjyonf/ rdrdudk,frdrdtm;&Sdaom?
tm;enf;aomc&pf,mef [lí tvG,fwulrowfrSwfvdkufygESifh/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wpfckü tm; aumif;
um? tjcm;u@wpfckütm;enf;Muonf csnf;jzpf\/
þudpötay: aygvk\ pdwfaeoabmxm;rSm *vm 4;9-10 ESifh aum 2;16-23wdkYESifh tvGef
fuJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;onf rrSefaom q&morm;rsm;\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh oGefoifrIrsm;udk
xif[yfaponf/ a&mrMo0g'pmapmifürlvdyfjympdwfroefYrlvGefuJol ,kHMunfol tppftrSefrsm;jzpfonf/
teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;oltrsm;tjym;wdkYonf ]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olqdk&mü ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;
(*sL;bmom0ifrsm;) ESifh arma&S\ ynwfw&m;tm; emcH&ef qufvufí tav;teufjyKjcif;ESifh xdkodkYjyK&mü
arma&S\ ynwÅdusrf;tm; *sL;&dAÁq&mMuD;rsm;\ em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;udk tajccHMujcif;jzpfonf/
(Talmud) ¤if;onf txufygeHygwf 1? 2wdkYESifh aocsmudkufnDaomfvnf; eHygwf 3ESifh rlrudkufnDacs/
xdkUaMumifh þusrf;ydk'fonf vlyk*¾KvfwOD;csif;ESifhydkí udkufnDonf[k uREkfyf,lqonf/ ¤if;onf *sL;jzpfap?
wyg;trsKd;om;jzpfap rdrdwdkY\ twdwfumvxkH;wrf;pOfvmrsm;\ vTrf;rdk;jcif;rsm;pGm cHaeolrsm;tm; &nfnTef;
jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ /tm;enf;jcif;
þae&mü uJGjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdonf/ rrSefaom q&morm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ t&nftcsif;ESifh
w&m;a[mjcif;twwfynmü 0g<um;Muaomfvnf;? aygvku rl ]]tm;enf;jcif;}} (ashtheneo) \ wefbkd;
aumif;pGmod&Sdxm;onf/ þpum;vkH;rsm; (odkYr[kwf¤if;wdkY\ tjcm;ykHpHrsm;) yxrESifh'kwd, aum&dEÅKMo0g'pm
wdkYü rnfodkYokH;avh&SdaMumif; rSwfom;yg/
0g<um;onf
1aum&dEÅK 1;29?31
3;21
4;7
5;6
9;15?16
2aum&dEÅK 1;12?14
5;12 (ESpfcg)
7;4?14 (ESpfcg)
8;24
9;2?3
tm;enf;onf
1aum&dEÅK 1;25?27
2;3
4;10
8;7?9?10?11?12
9;22
11;30
12;22
15;43
2aum&dEÅK 10;10
11;21?29?30
406
10;8?13?15?16?17
12;5?9?10 (ESpfcg)
11;12?16?17?18?30
13;3?4 (2cg) 9
12;1?5?6?9
aygvkonf tm;enf;jcif;qdkaom oabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf
1/ bk&m;ocif\ tm;enf;rI/ 1aum;1;25
2/ þavmuü tm;enf;jcif;/ 1aum 1;27
3/ aygvk\ tm;enf;rIESifh pdk;&drfaMumuf&GHUrI/ 1aum 2;3/ 9;22/ 2aum 11;29?30/ 12;5/
4/ aygvkESifh omoemjyKtzGJU/ 1aum 4;10/ 2aum 11;21
5/ tm;enf;aom nDtpfudk/ (a&mr 14;1-15;13) 1aum 8;7?9?10?11?12/9;22/
6/ udk,fcE¨mtm;enf;rI/ 1aum 11;30
7/ vludk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif;rsm;/ 1aum 12;22
8/ &kyfudk,fcE¨m/ 1aum 15;43
9/ aygvk vludk,fwdkif &Sdjcif; (0g) olw&m;a[muRrf;usifrI/ 2aum 10;10
10/ aygvk\ tm;enf;rIonf bk&m;ocif\ cGeftm;udkjyD;oGm;aponf/ 2aum 12;9?10/ 13;4?9
11/ aygvkrSwqifh c&pfawmftaMumif;a[mMum;jcif;/ 1aum 13;3
12/ c&pfawmf\ &kyfcE¨m/ 2aum 13;4

NASB ]]odkYaomf ol\ t,ltqrsm;udk pD&ifcsufcs&efr&nf&G,f&yg}}
NKJV ]]odkYaomf'd[jzpfp&mtaMumif;rsm;ukdolESifhrjiif;ckH&yg}}
NRSV ]]odkYaomf t,ltqay:tjiif;yGg;&ef r&nf&G,f&yg/}}
TEV ]]odkYaomf olwdkYt,ltqrsm;tm; olwdkYESifh tjiif;tckHrvky&fyg}}
NJB ]]jiif;ckHjcif;rpwifbJ}}
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYESifh oabmxm;rwdkufqdkifolrsm;tm;? olwdkYajymif;vJ ap&eftm;rxkwfbJ?
olwdkYudk tjynfht0vufcH&ygrnfμ ¤if;rSm rdrdwdkYESifh wlnDvm&eftm;xkwfjcif; rjyKbJ rdwfo[m,jzpfap&ef
tajccHjzpfonf/ pdwfvGwfvyfrIjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; þvkyfief;pOfü yg0ifaeonf/ 0dnmOfawmftm;
tvkyfvkyfcGifhESifh wpfOD;csif;tm; &ifhusufvmap&ef ykHoGif;cGifhjyKxm;Mu&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? &ifhusufjcif;?
qkd&müyif tm;vkH;tjrifcsif;wlMurnfum;r[kwfacs/
14;2 þtcef;i,fü azmfjyaom tpmrSm usef;rma&;twGuf r[kwfbJ? bmoma&;udpöjzpfonf/ tpmESifh
fhqdkifaom þjyóemrSm taMumif;&if;ESpfckaMumifh jzpfay:Edkifonf/ (1) *sL;rsm;\ tpmqdkif&mynwfcsufrsm;
(0wfjyK&musrf; 11) odkYr[kwf (2) óoemyvlrsm;\ ½kyfwkqif;wkylaZmf&m,Zfaumif\ tom; (1aum &dEÅK
8-10)/ a,½Ionf vludk npfnrf;aponfrSm tpmr[kwfaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (róJ 15;10-20/
rmuk 7;14-23)/ þ opömw&mudk aumaevdESifh qdkifaom ½lyg½kHü wrefawmf 10wGif o½kyfjy &Sif;vif;onf/
14;3 ]]pm;aomolonf ... txifao;&efr[kwf}} ]]txifao;&efr[kwf}} ezoutheneo \ onf PRESENT ACTIVE
IMPERATIVE tm; NEGATIVE PARTICLE ESifh wJGxm;jcif;jzpfum? qufvufcJhjyDaom tjyKtrIwpfcktm;
&yfwHhapjcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/
]]txifao;onf}} qdk&mü ]]ayghyg;aponf}} ]]uvum;jzpfaponf/}} odkYr[kwf ]]wefbkd;rJh jzpfoGm;
aponf}} [lí jzpf\/ (14;10/ vkum 18;9/ 1aum 6;4/ 16;11/ 2aum 10;10/ *v 4;14/ 1ouf 5;20)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdudk,frdrdESdrfhcsjcif;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfapjcif;rjyK&efkowdjyK&rnf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm;
aumif;olonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;enf; oludk ½Iwfcsjcif;rjyK&acs/
407
]]w&m;pD&if}}
¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfí
qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrIwpfck &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olonf? rdrdwdkYESifh
oabmxm; rwdkufqdkifolnDtpfudkrsm;\ tjyKtrIrsm;tm; pD&ifcsufcsjcif;udk &yfwhH&rnfjzpfonf/
]]taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf olYudk vufcHcJhjyD/}} ¤if;rSm
jzpfonf/
þpum;vkH;udkyif ]]vufcH]] [k bmomjyefonf/ ti,f 1ü ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;vufoifhcHjcif;jyKMu&ef
tajccHrSm bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmfrS wqifh (15;7) igwdkYudk vufcHcJhjyD[líjzpf\/ ti,f 3 onf
,kHMunfjcif;tm; enf;ol? pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefudk wdkuf½kdufajymjcif;jzpfonf/
AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE
14;4 ]]oifonf rnfolenf;}} ¤if;rSm *&dvdk tav;teufjyKaom tokH;tEIef;jzpfum? tm;enf;aom
,kHMunfoludk &nfnTef;onf/
]]tapcH}} ¤if;rSm ]]aetdrf}} pk t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom oikos pum;vkH;rSvmaom oiketes jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
tdrfapodkYr[kwf aus;uRef [lí jzpfvdrfhrnf/ (vkum 16;13/ wref 10;7/ a&mr 14;4/ 1ay 2;18)/
xdkpum;vkH;udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint ü xdkoabmjzifh okH;onf/ (urÇm 9;25/27;37/ 44;16?33/
50;18)/ "r®opfusrf;wGif þa0g[m&rSm ydkíomaom aus;uRefodkYr[kwf tapcHjzpfonf/ doulous ESifh
rwlacs/ tdrfap (0g) tdrfuRefjzpfEdkifonf/
aygvkajymvdkonfrSm ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf c&pfawmf\ uRef^tapcHjzpfonf [lí jzpf\/
olonf ¤if;wdkY\ ]]ocif}} jzpfum? oluomvQif olwdkYudk nTefMum;um? olwdkY tjyKtrIESifh&nf&G,f &if;wdkYtwGuf
olwdkYudk wm0efcHapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;10)
]]ol&yfwnfonfjzpfap? vJonfjzpfap olYociftwGufjzpfonf/}} usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmt&
aygvkonf pdwfroefYrlvGefuJolwdkYudk ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;azmfjyaomtaMumif;t&monf tkyfpkESpfck
kpvkH;tm;&nfnGef;aMumif; xif&Sm;onf ,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif\ rsufvkH;rsm;xJ&Sd
trIduftptersm;udk xkwfypf&ef ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (róJ 7;1-15)
]]ocifbk&m;onf
olYudk &yfwnfapEdkifojzifh? olonf &yfwnfvdrfhrnf/}} ¤if;rSm tHhMobG,f
fuwfawmfwpf&yfjzpfonf/ (5;1-2/ ,k' 24-25/ ¤if;ü ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIvnf;
yg0ifonf/ (1aum 15;1-2)?txl;taMumif;t&m 5;2ü Munfhyg/
þtcsufü rIuJG*&dvufa&;usrf;wpfck&Sdonf/ NKJVonf pmvkH;MuD;vufa&;usrf; D,F,G,048 ESihf
0150 wdkY enf;wl Vulgate udk vkdufum ]]bk&m;ocif}} (Theo) [lí okH;onf/ okdYaomf MSS P46 N, A,
V,C, P wdkYü ]]ocifbk&m;}} Lord (Kurious) [lí okH;onf/ UBS4 onf "Lord" udk aocsm (A)
tqifh owfrSwfonf/
408
pum;vkH; pum;pkavhvmjcif;
NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ 14;5-9
5
vlwpfa,mufonfaeYwpfaeYudk tjcm;aeYwpfaeYxufydkí*½kpdkufonf/ tjcm;wpfa,mufu rltwlwlyif
oabmxm;onf/ vlwdkif; rdrdpdwx
f Jaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf/ 6aeYudk apmifhxdef;olonf ocifbk&m;udk
axmufí apmifhxdef;onf/ pm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;udk axmufí xdkodkY jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm
olonf bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ rpm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;tm; axmufí rpm;bJ aeum?
bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ 7taMumif;rSm igwdkY wpfa,mufrQ ud,ftwGuf toufr&Sif? udk,fhtwGuf
raoMuacs/ 8taMumif;rSm igwdkYonf touf&Sifygu ocifbk&m;twGuf touf&Sifonf/ odkYr[kwf?
aoyguvnf; ocifbk&m;twGufaoonf/ okdYjzpfí igwdkYonf &Sifaeonfjzpfap? aoqkH;onfjzpfap?
ocifbk&m;twGufjzpfonf/ 9taMumif;rlum; c&pfawmfonf aovGeaf omolrsm;ESifh touf&Sifolrsm;
ESpfrsKd;vkH;\ ocifjzpfap&ef taocHum? jyefvnftouf&Sifonf/
14;5 ]]vlwa,mufonf aeYwaeYudk tjcm;aeYwaeYxuf *½kpdkufonf}} vltcsKdUonf bmoma&;ü aeY&ufudk
tvGeftpGJMuD;aeMuqJjzpfonf/ (aeY&uftcsKdUESifh ESpfywfvnfyJGawmfrsm; *v 4;10/ aum 2;16-17)/
aeY&uftm;vkH; bk&m;ocifnDwlnDrQydkifonf/ txl;aeY&ufr&Sdacs/ avmuDqdkif&maeY? avmukwÅ&mqdkif&maeY [lí
r&Sdacs/ tm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aomaeY&ufrsm;jzpfonf/
]]vlwdkif;rdrdpdwfxJaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf}}
jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm
þu@ü jirfoufrI&&Sd&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf jyKrljcif;rjyKrDudk,fwkdif oabmayguf&ef
jzpfonf/ (i,f 23)? odkYaomf tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH; rdrdudkoabmayguf&ef rvdkacs/ bk&m;ocifonf
uREkfyf\ "r®oabmw&m;ykHpHcGufcJ aexdkifonfr[kwfacs/ uREkfyf\ "r®oabmw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\
"r®oabmw&m;jzpfap&efrvdktyfacs/
PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE
14;6 ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmufí}} þydkifqdkifrIjyyk'fudk ti,f 6 ü okH;cg? ti,f 8ü ESpfcg okH;onf/ jzLpifaom
,kHMunfolrsm;jyKonfhtouf&Sifjcif;ykHpH a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmufí}} jyKjcif;jzpf&ayrnf/
({zuf 6;7 ESifh aum 3;23 )/ rdrdpdwfMudKuf *dkPf;*e? rdom;pktpOftvm odkYr[kwfxifjrifcsufrQomvQif
rjzpf&yg/
14;7 ]] taMumif;rSm igwdkYwpfa,mufrS udk,ftwGuf toufr&Sif}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf a&ywfvnf0dkif;aom
uRef;wpfuRef;r[kwfacs/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf yxrqkH;ESifh eHygwfwpftjzpf c&pfawmftwGuf touf&SifMuonf/
(i,f8) ,kHMunfolrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk tusKd;oufa&mufonf/ olwkdYrSm MuD;rm;aom
0dnmOfrdom;pkMuD;wpfck\
tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDjzpfMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh
olwdkYonf
rdrdwdkY\
udk,fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhudk cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ (1aum 10;24? 27-33)/ tjcm;olrsm; rdrdwdkY
udk,fydkifvGwfvyfrIxJMuD;xGm;&ef
cGifhjyKxm;&ygrnf/
Oya'o0g'onf
bk&m;ocifESifh
rqdkifaom
rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfaponfh wajy;nDjzpfa&;udk OD;wnfonf/ a,½I\ tjyif;xefqkH; pum;ESifh?
jypfwifpum;rsm;rSm Oya'oudk tpJGjyKí olwdkYudk,f olwdkY ajzmifhrwf oltjypf,lqolzg&d&SJrsm;ay:jzpfonf/
14;8 ]]ygu ...ygu}} ¤if;wdkYrSm tem*wfüjyKEdkifacs&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,f&aom wwd,wef;pm;
cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf t&mcyfodrf;tm;jzifh jzpfEdkifonfhtcgwdkif; ocifbk&m;udk
tapcHMuonf/ ({zuf 6;7/ aum 3;23)
409
14;9 ]]aovGefolESifh touf&Sio
f l? ESpfrsKd;vkH;twGuf}} ¤if;rSm þa0ga[m&rsm;udk rokH;pzl;pDpOfykHrsKd;jzifh
okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkpDpOfokH;EIef;ykHonf a,½I\ taocHjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxajrmufjcif;udk xif[yfapjcif;
jzpfonf/ olonf ,cktcg xdkavmuESpfckpvkH;ü tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkifjzpfonf/
þor®mw&m;onf c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumifh olwdkYtwGuf r[kwfbJ? tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;
twGufvnf; touf&SifMu&rnftaMumif; "r®oabmw&m;jzpfay:aponf/ olwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdrydkifqdkif?
olwdkYonf wefbkd;wpfckay;í 0,f,ljcif;cHcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf tjypfudk uRefrcHawmhbJ? bk&m;ocifudk
tapcHMuap&ef? olwdkYtjypfrsm;twGuf taocHol a,½I\ \ tapcHrsm;jzpfvmcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ (a&mr 6)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf twÅudk tajcjyKaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwftvdkrsm;udk aoqkH;apum? arwÅmjzifh tapcHaom
a,½I\ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwdkifvkdufemtwk,lMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20/ 1a,m 3;16)
10
odkYaomfoifonf tb,faMumifh rdrdnDtpfudktm; w&m;pD&ifoenf;¿ odkYr[kwf oifonf
rdrdnDtpfudktm; txifao;oenf;¿ taMumif;rIum; igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yv’ifawmfa&SUü
&yf&MuOD;rnf/ 11taMumif;rIum or®musrf;pm;ü a&;onfrSm ]]igtouf&Sifonf jzpfü 'l;tm;vkH;
ightm;'l;axmufMuum? vQmtm;vkH; bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;Muvdrfhrnf[k xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocif rdefYawmfrl\/
12
odkYjzpfí igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifudk tpD&ifcHMu&vdrfhrnf/
14;10 ]]odkYaomf oifonf}} ¤if;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;twGuf ed'gef;pum;jzpfonf/
ti,f 10&Sd ar;cGef;ESpfckwdkYonf ti,f 1-12udk pl;pdkuf jcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f3ü &nfnTGef;aom
xkdtkyfpkESpfckwdkYudk aemufwpfcg EIdif;,SOfjyonf/ tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpkwpfckudk ]]txifao;}} um
]]w&m;pD&if}} onf/ ]]uRef}} tcsif;csif;twGuf xdkpdwfaeoabmxm;ESpfrsKd;pvkH;roifhavQmfacsμ olwdkY\
ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfuomvQif ]]a0zef}} ydkifcGifh (0g)? ]]txifao;}} ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf
w&m;olMuD;uJhodkY jyKrljcif;rSm (1) bk&m;ocif\ ae&mudk wk,ljcif;jzpfonfjyif (2) tcsdeftcg rusao;aom
t&mvnf;jzpfonf/
]]igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yv’ifawmfa&SUü &yf&MuOD;rnf}} tvm;wlor®mw&m;udk 2aum
5;10ü azmfjyonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfokdY jyKrIMuaMumif; ocifbk&m;tm;
&Sif;vif;csufay;Mu&vdrfhrnf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;olMuD;tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ (róJ 25;3146)/
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf; NKJV onf ]]c&pfawmf\w&m;yv’if}} [k bmomjyefonf/ KJV udk
axmufcHaom ueOD;a&S;a[mif;*&dpmvkH;BuD;vufa&;usrf;rsm;jyifqifaom usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ Aleph2 ESifh C2
wdkYjzpfonf/ Theos bk&m;ocif) pum;vkH;onf MSS Aleph, B, C,D, F ESifh G wdkYü yg&Sdonf/
usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf 2aum 5;10ESifh tnDjzpfap&ef *&drl&if;pmudk ajymif;vdkufMujcif;jzpf
aumif;jzpfayrnf/ xdkYjyif ]]om;jzpfapjcif;}} adoptionism ac:0g'jzpfonfh ueOD;umvü&SdcJhaom
c&pfawmftaMumiftjrifudk
qefYusif&ef
usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf
þti,ftm;jyifqifcJhMujcif;
vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ rl&if;usrf;tm;&Sd&if;pGJ ,kHMunfrIESifh tnDjzpfap&efvkyfjcif;ESifhwlaom rluJGvufa&;usrf;
tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Oxford University ykHESdyfwdkufrS 1993 wGif xkwfa0aom Bart D. Ehrman \ The
410
Orthodox Corruption of Scripture)
(aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/
pmrsufESm 90-91ü Munfhyg/
UBS4 onf Theos udk "B"
tqifh
14;11 ]]taMumif;rlum; or®musrf;pmü a&;onfrSm}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATILVE jzpfonf/
¤if;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom "r®a[mif;usrf;udk udk;um;&mü okH;aom a[jAJ txl;tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/
¤if;rSm a[&Sm 45;23udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfjyD; zd2;10-11üvnf; udk;um;onf/
]]igtouf&Sifonfjzpfí}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ y#dOmOfcHemrawmf YHWH udk rlwnfaom usdefqdkjcif;
pum;vkH;wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]]jzpfjcif;^&Sdjcif;jy}} a[jAJMwd,m verb "to be" jzpfonf/ (xGuf 3;14)/
olonf tpOftouf&Sifol? wpfyg;wnf;omvQif touf&Sifaeolbk&m;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh olonf
rdrdjzpfwnfaejcif;tm; taMumif;jyKusdefqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmfrsm; 9;29ü
Munfhyg/
14;12
]]odkYjzpfí
igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf
rdrdtaMumif;tm;
bk&m;ocifxHtpD&ifcH&Muvdrfhrnf/}}
c&pf,mefwdkYonf w&m;pD&ifcHMurnfjzpfum (2aum 5;10) a0zefjypfwifolnDtpfudkrsm; ¤if;wdkYtxJ yg0if
fMuayrnf/ tcsKda&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;onf ]]bk&m;ocifxH}} pum;pktm; csefvSpfxm;cJhMuonf/
usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabmonf xdkpum;pktwdkif;qdkvdkaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ xdkuJGvTJrIrSm ti,f 10&Sd
uJGvTJrIykHpHrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ USS4 onf ¤if;udk yg0ifapum? (MSS Aleph, A,B,C,D) "C" tqifh
(qkH;jzwf&efcufcJ) owfrSwfonf/
a&mr 14;13-23 tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;
u/ c&pf,mefrsm; rnfuJhodkY tcsif;csif;jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;ti,f 1-12ü pwifonf/ ¤if;rSm
c&pf,mefwpfOD;csif;ü &Sdaom ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;tm; tjynfht0 wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; vufcHMu&efjzpfonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olwdkY\ wpfyg;wnf;aom t&Sif ocifESifh w&m;olMuD;jzpfol c&pfawmfonf
txufygtkyfpkESpfckpvkH;tm; tjynfht0vufcHxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ wpfa,muftwGuf 0dnmOfa&;ü
tvGef t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom t&mwpfckonf tjcm;wpfa,muftwGuf t"dyÜg,f r&Sdjzpfavh&Sdwwfonf/
taMumif;rSm wpfOD;csif;\ twdwfb0? olwdkYcsif;\ vlyk*¾dKvfykHpH? olwdkY\ rdbrsm;? olwdkY\
MudKufESpfoufrIESifh olwdkY\ tawG;tMuHK....ponfwdkYrwlaomaMumifhwnf;/
c/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;taMumif; aqG;aEG;rI\ 'kwd,tydkif;jzpfaom þusrf;ydk'frsm;ü
xdktaMumif;t&mudk uJGjym;jcm;em;aom ½IaxmifhwpfrsKd;jzifh aqG;aEG;wifjyonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü ajymonfrSm
,kHMunfolonf bk&m;ociftm; c&pfawmftxJrS cspfaMumif;jzpfum? ¤if;rSm rdrdc&pf,mefjzpfazmfjzpfbuf
rsm;udk
cspf&jcif;taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/
a,½Ionf
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
rdrdtoufudk
pGefYvGwfonfenf;wl? olwdkYonfvnf; tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfaom? olwdkYtwGuf a,½ItaocH&m
olrsm;twGuf rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhudk pGefYvGwfMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;13-14/ 1a,m 3;16)/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhqufqH&mü cspfjcif;arwÅmay: tajcjyKaMumif; 13;8-10ü
tav;teufajymonf enf;wl? þtaMumif;t&monfvnf; cspfjcif;arwÅmudk c&pf,meftoufwm
jzpfay:apaom taMumif;&if;tjzpf tav;teufjyKonf/
*/ ½kyfavmu&Sdt&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf[laom or®mw&m;rSm tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm;twGuf vufcH&ef tvGef
cufcJonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif tjypfaMumifhjypfwifcH&jcif;ü rdrdudk,f rdrdjypfwif&rnfhtpm;?
411
t&m0wÅKrsm;udk tjypfwifwwfMuonf/ t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aMumif; aygvkrjywfrvyfazmfjyavh&Sdonf/
(14;14?20/ 1aum 6;12/ 10;25-26/ 1wd 4;4/ wduk 1;15)/ olYazmfjyrIonf tpmtaMumif; a,½I\
oGefoifrIESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfonf/ (rmuk 7;18-23)/ aumedavtm; bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif;
oefY&Sif;aomtpm? roefY&Sif;aom tpm udpöjzifh ayw½kudk &Sif;jyonf/ (wrefawmf 10;15)/
C/ þu@rSm rlvtm;jzifh ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} tm;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ]]t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf}}
[laom wpf0uf or®mw&m;udk avQmhajymaomfvnf;? t&mtm;vkH;onfwnfaqmuf p&rjzpf (0g)
bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktm; tusKd;ay;onfr[kwf[laom tqdkudk aygif;xnfhonf/ (1aum 6;12/20;23)
tm;&SdolnDtpfudk\ vGwfvyfrIonf tjcm; c&pf,mefrsm;udk tMuD;tus,fysufpD;oGm;apEdkifonf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS wqifhESifh c&pfawmftwGuf rdrdwdkY nDtpfudkrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;&
olrsm;jzpfonf/
i/ tm;enf;olnDtpfudkonf 0dnmOfa&;ü MuD;xGm;vmum ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} jzpfvmvdrfhrnf [lí
aygvkrzmfjyjcif; (0g) xdkoabmrygaMumif;rSm vGefpGm pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;onf/ þaqG;aEG;csuf
wpfckvkH;onf aus;Zl;awmfü MuD;xGm;jcif;taMumif;ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? c&pf,mefrsm;\ em;vnfoabm
aygufykHcsif; uJGjym;rIxuf cspfjcif;arwÅmonf ydkí tvsifusaMumif; aqG;aEG;rIjzpfonf/
p/ xkdtkyfpkESpfckteufwpfckckü ,kHMunfolrsm; yg0ifjcif;rSm ]]trSm;}} odkYr[kwf ]]trSef}} xuf vlwpfOD;csif;\
vlyk*¾dKvftrsKd;tpm;? bmoma&; oifwef;atmifjrifrIEiS fh wpfOD;csif;\ tawGYtMuHKudk ydkí tajcjyKonf/
,kHMunfol\ wm0efrSm tjcm;olrsm;udk ajymif;vJap&efr[kwfbJ? tjcm;tkyfpktm; cspf&efESifh av;pm;&ef
jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm pdwfydkif;qdkif&mudpör[kwfbJ ESvkH;om;qdkif&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;?
tkyfpkESpfckpvkH; cspfonf/ vufcHonf/ rdrdom;awmfudk ay;ygonf/
13
xdkYaMumifh tcsif;csif; w&m;pD&ifjcif;rjyKbJ? nDtpfudk\ vrf;ü twm;tqD;? odkYr[kwf
cvkwfwdkufrdp&m rxm;&ef pdwfqkH;jzwfMuukefthH/ 14rnfonfht&mrQ rdrdyuwdtm;jzifh roefY&Sif;[lí r&SdaMumifh
ocifa,½ItxJ igodí oabmayguf\/ odkYaomf wpkHw&mtm; roefY&Sif;[k xifaom oltwGuf xdkt&monf
olYtwGuf roefY&Sif;acs/ 15taMumif;rIum; oif\ tpmaMumifh oif\ pdwfemygu? oifonf cspfjcif;
arwÅmESifhtnD usifhjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/ olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHcJholtm; oifhtpmjzifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/
16
xdkYaMumifh oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&m wpfckonf uJh&JUjypfwifp&mrjzpfygapESifh/ 17taMumif;rlum;
bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf tpm;taomufr[kwfbJ? ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpf\/ 18taMumif;rlum; ¤if;wdkYtm;jzifh c&pfawmfudk tapcHoludk
bk&m;ocifvufcHawmfrlí vlrsm;vnf; ESpfoufMu\/ 19odkYjzpfí jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif; aqmufwnf
fp&mjzpfapaomt&mrsm;udk rSDatmifvdkufpdkY/ 20bk&m;ocifvkyfaomt&mudk tpaMumifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/
21
t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf rSefaomfvnf; pm;íolwyg;jypfrmS ;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/ oif\
nDtpfudktm; cvkwfwdkufvJapaom tom;pm;jcif;? pyspf&nfaomufjcif;rSpí rnfonfht&mrQrjyK&ef
aumif;onf/ 22rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü rdrdem;vnf;oabmaygufonfh
twdkif;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/ 23odkYaomf
oHo,0ifaom
olonf
pm;ygu
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfojzifh
olYudk,foljypf'PfpD&if\/
,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jyKjcif;r[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/
412
14;13 ]]tcsif;csif;w&m;pD&ifjcif;rjyKbJ}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhjcif;udk
qdkvdkaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm MudKwif
owday;jcif;r[kwfbJ? wm;jrpfcsufjzpfonf/ ti,f 16ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/ ]]w&m;pD&if}} [laom
pum;vkH;udk tcef;i,f 1-12twGif; aygvk 5MudrfokH;cJhjyDjzpf&m? ,ckti,f 13;23 twGif; aemufxyf
av;MudrfokH;onf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / c&pf,mefrsm;tcsif;csif;w&m;pD&ifMuOD;rnfavm¿
þtaMumif;enf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;jzifh aqG;aEG;&ayrnf/
1/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tcsif;csif;rpD&ifMu&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf (róJ 7;1-5/ vkum 6;37? 42/ a&mr 2;1-11/
,mukyf 4;11-12)/
2/ ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wefbkd;jzwf&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf/ (róJ 7;6? 15-16/ 1aum
14;29/ 1ouf 5;21/ 1wd 3;1-13ESifh 1a,m 4;1-6)/
aumif;rGefpGmwefbdk;jzwfEdkif&ef owfrSwfcsufpHEIef;tcsKdU&Sdonf/
1/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf twnfjyK&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzpf&ygrnf/ (1a,m 4;1 ]]prf;oyf}} ¤if;rSm
twnfjyKcsuftwGuf jzpfonf/)
2/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;udk ESdrfhcsrIESifh El;nhHodrfarGUaom pdwfjzifh jyK&rnf (*v 6;1)
3/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf vlyk*¾dKvftm; rsufESmvdkufí rjyK&/ (a&mr 14;1-23/ 1aum 8;1-13/ 10;2333)/
4/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf toif;awmf (0g) todkif;t0dkif;twGif; ]]jypfwifa0zefjcif;rcH&ol}}
acgif;aqmifrnfolawGjzpfaMumif; owfrSwfazmfjyvdrfhrnf/ (1wdarmao 3)/

]]nDtpfudk\ vrf;ü twm;tqD;odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdp&m rxm;&ef}} ¤if;rSm qufcJhjyDjzpfaom
tjyKtrlwpfcktm; &yfwHhapjcif;udk qdkvdk&mjzpfonfh NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE
jzpfonf/ tvm;wlor®mw&m;tm; ti,f 21 ESifh 1aum 8;9üvnf; azmfjyonf/
]]twm;tqD;}} [kqdk&mwGif vlwpfa,mufcvkwfwdkufvJap&ef vrf;ay:&SdwpkHw&mudk &nfnTef;onf/
]]cvkwfwdkufvJusapaom twm;tqD;}} qdkonfrSm wd&pämefudk tpmjzifh axmifzrf;aom ud&d,m\
cvkwfarmif;jzpfonf/
þae&müc&pf,mefrsm;udk wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;tjzpf½Ijrifonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfazmf
,kHMunfzufrsm;tm; apmifhxdef;&olrsm;? tm;ay;&olrsm;ESifh? rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm; [lonf
rdom;pkjzpfonf/μ
14;14
NASB ]]ocifa,½ItxJ igodí oabmayguf\/}}
NKJV
]]ocifa,½Itm;jzifh igodí oabmayguf\/}} NRSV ]]ocifa,½ItxJ igodí aocsm\/}}
TEV ]]ocifa,½IESifhtwl igaygif;pnf;jcif;onf ighudk aocsmodaponf/
NJB ]],ck igwu,fyif jynfhpkHpGm owdjyKrdum? ocifa,½ItwGuf igajym\/}}
¤if;rSm oida \ PERFECT ACTIVE ykHpHjzpfum? PRESENT TENSE oabmjzihf PERFECT PASSIVE
INDICATIVE ESifhtwlwJGí okH;onf/ t"dyÜg,fvkH;aphywfaphrSm ]]igonf od&SdcJhum? qufí odaevsuf?
qufvufí oabmaygufonf}} [lí jzpf\/ ¤if;rSm ti,f 5 ESifh 22-23&Sd or®mw&m;udk jyefvnfazmfjyjcif;
413
jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;udpö&yfrsm;em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;rSm oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfrS
wqifha,½IESifh olwdkY\ qufqHa&;tm;jzifh jzpfonf/ olwdkY&aom tvif;xJtouf&Sif&ef jzpfonf/
]]rnfonfht&mrQ yuwdtm;jzifh roefY&Sif;[lí r&Sd}} þoabmudk wref 10;9-16ü &Sif;jyonf/
qkd;onfrSm t&m0w¬Krsm;r[kwfbJ? vlrsm;jzpfonf/ zefqif;onfht&mrsm; olY[mESifholYqdk;onf [lí r&Sdacs/
(i,f 20/ rmuk 7;18-23/ 1aum 10;25-26/ 1wd 4;4 ESifh wdwk 1;15)μ
]]odkYaomf wpHkw&mtm; roefY&Sif;[k xifaom oltwGuf xdkt&monf olYtwGuf roefY&Sif;acs/}} ¤if;onf
bmoma&;tm;jzifh roefY&Sif;rIudk qdkvdkonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\
aumif;qdk;cJGjcm;odjrifwwfaom pdwf (twGif;pdwf^ MowÅyÜpdwf) tm;jzifh wefbdk;jzwfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (i,f 5?
22-23) taMumif;t&mwpfckck (0g) rdrdtjyKtrlwpfckckaMumifh txifvTJcH&vQifyif? bk&m;ocif\
a&SUawmfarSmufü rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;xJoGm;&ef jzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;udkvnf;?
rdrd&aomtvif;tm;jzifh pD&ifjcif;udk txl;ojzifh roJuJGaom u@rsm;ü rjyK&acs/ (14;1?3?4?10?13)/
14;15 ]]taMumif;rlum;? oif\ p&maMumifh oif\ nDtpfudk pdwfemygu}} yxrwef;pmcRif;csufyg
0gusrsKd;jzpfum? pma&;ol\ tjrifü rSefonf[k ,lqaom (0g) ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkY\
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHudk qkH;jzwfay;onfrSm tcGifhta&;rsm;r[kwfcspfjcif;arwÅmjzpfonf/ vGwfvyfjcif;r[kwfbJ?
wm0ef0wÅ&m;jzpfonf/
¤if;onf (1) *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ tpmqdkif&mynwfcsufrsm; (0wfjyK 11) odkYr[kwf (2) ½kyfwkrsm;udk
ylaZmfaom tom;rsm; (1aum 8-10) wpfckckESifh qdkifonf/ þor®mw&m;udk ti,f 20 onf &Sif;vif;pGm
azmfjyonf/
]]oifonf cspfjcif;arwÅmESifhtnD usifhjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/}} ¤if;udk ]]vGwfvyfjcif;\ w&m;Oya'}}
(,mukyf 1;25/ 3;12) odkYr[kwf a&Tynwfawmf}} (,mukyf 2;5) odkYr[kwf ]]c&pfawmf\ ynwfawm}} (*v 6;2)
[k ac:onf/ ¤if;wdkYonfyif y#dnOfw&m;opf\ wm0efrsm;ESifh vrf;nTefrsm;jzpfonfμ
NASB, NRJV ]]olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHcJholtm; oifhtpmjzifh rzsufpD;ESifh}}
NRSV
]]oifpm;onfh t&monf olYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHol\ zsufpD;&mzsufpD;aMumif; rjzpfapESifh}}
TEV
]]oifpm;onfhtpmtm; olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom oltm; rzsufpD;apESifh}}
NJB
]]olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom olwpfa,mufa,muftm; ysufpD;apEdkifrnfqdkygu? oifonf
rdrdpm;csif&mudk pm;ydkifcGifhvkH;0r&Sd}}
¤if;rSm qufuyfcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwHhvdkufonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NAGATIVE PARTICLE
ygonfh PRESENT IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tvGefjyif;xefaom pum;pkjzpfonf/ tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm;\
vGwfvyfrIonftjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;rjzpf&acs/ þodkY qdk&mü u,fwifjcif; qkH;½ªH;jcif;r[kwfbJ
jidrfoufjcif;? pdwfcsrIESifh trIawmfü xda&mufrIwdkYudk &nfnTef;onf/ F.F. Bruce a&;om;aom Answer to
Questions pmrsufESm 88-89ü Munfhyg/
]]zsufqD;}} onf [laom *&dpum lupeŌ rSm ]]pdwfem? 0rf;enf; (0g) a0'emjzpfaponf}} [k
t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (LXX ü xdkYtwljzpfonf) aygvkonf xdkpum;vkH;udk trsm;tm;jzifh 2aum&dEÅK (2;2? 4?5/
6;10/ 7;8?9?11) ü okH;onf/ zsufqD;onfqdkaompum;vkH;rSmvnf; jyif;xefaom bmomjyefrI wpfckjzpfonf/
¤if;onf u,fwifjcif; qkH;½ªH;onf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ aumif;qdk;cJGjcm;od&SdrI (vdyfjympdwf) udk
414
usL;vGefjcif;tay:oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ oabmaygufaprI zsufqD;cH&jcif;? qkH;½ªH;vufvGwfoGm;jcif;udk
qdkvdkonf/ ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrlonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh r[kwfygu? ¤if;rSm tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)
14;16
NASB
]]oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&mwpfct
k m; jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}}
NKJV NRSV ]]oif\ aumif;rIonf jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/
TEV
]]aumif;onf[k oifrSwf,laomt&monf emrnf ysufp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}}
NJB
]]rdrd&&Sdaom tcGifhxl;udk ravQmhcsygESifh/}}
¤if;rSm qufuyfcJhjyD; jzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfck&yfwHhvdkufonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE
PARTICLE
ygonfh
PRESENT
PASSIVE
IMPERATIVE
jzpfonf/
vGwfvyfrI[lonf
vG,fvifhwulyi?fvkyfyfkifcGifhjzpfoGm;Edkifonfμ
þusrf;ydk'fü ]]aumif;aomt&m}} qdk&mü tm;aumif;aom ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrludk ac:onf/
tm;aumif;ol c&pf,mefonf rdrd\ vGwfvyfrltm;? tm;enf;olrsm;udk tysufoabmxdcdkufapum?
0dnmOfa&;&m ysufpD;rIjzpfapaom enf;vrf;rsKd;jzifh tokH;jyKygu ]]aumif;aomt&m}} onf raumif;rItwGuf
tcGifhaumif;wpf&yfjzpfvmonfμ
þusrf;csufonf c&pf,mef tcsif;csif; rnfuJhodkY jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;tm½kHjyK&mrS
r,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pdk;&drfjcif;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;onfESifhwl\/ (ti,f 18)/ Mud,mrSm ]]bk&m;udk
vGefusL;ajymqdkjcif;}} "blasphemy" rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfum; r,kHMunfolrsm;ü okH;avh&Sdaom
pum;vkH;jzpfonf/
14;17 ]]bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf}} ¤if;rSm a&mrMo0g'wpfusrf;vkH;ü wpfckwnf; &Sdaom pum;pkjzpfonf/
¤if;rSm a,½IrMumcPokH;aomtaMumif;t&m jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,ck umvwGif þt&yfü&Sdonf enf;wl
tem*wfumvü jynfhpkHvmOD;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ (róJ 6;10)
c&pfawmf\f ukd,fcE¨mtxJ wpfpkwaygif;wnf;aomtoufonf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrItm;
usifhokH;rIxuf ydkrdkwefbkd;MuD;ygonf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf
"r®a[mif;usrf;wGif YHWH udk tpöa&;\ &Sib
f k&iftjzpfEiS hf (1"r® 8;7/ qmvH 10;16/ 24;7-9/ 29;10/
44;4/ 89;18/ 95;3/ a[&Sm 43;15/ 44;4? 6 vnf;aumif; pHjy&Sifbk&if ar&Sd,tjzpfvnf;aumif;
cH,lxm;onf/ (qmvH 2;6/ a[&Sm 9;6-7/ 11;1-5)/ AufvifjrdKUü a,½IzGm;jrifawmfrljcif;ESifhtwl (6-4bD?pD)
bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf vlYordkif;xJ topfaom cGeftm;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;jzifh t&Sdeft[kefESifh
xdk;azguf0ifa&mufvmonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;27-36) ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efonf EdkifiHawmf
fwnfaxmifcgeD;aMumif; a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ (róJ 3;2/ rmuk 1;15)/ rdrdtxJüvnf;aumif;?
rdrdoGefoifrIrsm;üvnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmf&SdaeaMumifh a,½I&Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (róJ 4;17? 23/ 9;35/
10;9?11;11-12/ 12;28/16;19/ rmuk 12;34/ vkum 10;9? 11/11;20/12;31-32/ 16;16/ 17;21)/ odkYaomf
EdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfüvnf; &Sdaeao;onf/ (róJ 16;28/ 24;14/ 26;29/ rmuk 9;1/ vkum 21;31/
22;16? 18)
qifwl c&pf0ifusrf; (synoptic gospel) rsm;jzpfaom rmukESifh vkum c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü ]]bk&m;ocif\
EdkifiHawmf}} [laom pum;pkawGU&onf/ a,½I\ oGefoifaeus þtaMumif;t&mü ,ckvuf&Sdü vlom;\
ESvkH;om;xJ bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrItaMumif; yg0ifjyD;? ¤if;onf wpfaeYaomtcg usvQif wpfurÇmvkH;
vTrf;jcHKoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm róJ 6;10 u a,½I qkawmif;jcif;ü ay:vGifonf/ róJurl
415
*sL;rsm;twGuf a&;om;jcif;jzpfí bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk rokH;jcif;tm; ydkrdkESpfoufonf/ (aumif;uif
EdkifiHawmf) rmukESifh vkumwdkYonf wyg; trsKdk;om;rsm;twGuf a&;om;Mujcif;jzpfí bk&m;emrawmfudk okH;um?
okH;aeustwdkif; azmfjyonf/
odkYjzifh þpum;pkrSm qifwl c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;\ t"du aomhcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ a,½I\ yxrqkH;ESifh
aemufqkH;w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;ESifh ol\ Oyrm pum;trsm;pkwdkYü þtaMumif;t&mudkyif ajymygonf/
¤if;onf vlom;\ pdwfESvkH;xJ bk&m;ocif\ ,ckpkd;pHjcif;udk &nfnGef;onf/ a,m[efonf þpum;pkudk
ESpfMudrfomvQif okH;jcif;rSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/ (a,½Iajymaom Oyrmrsm;ü rokH;cJhacs)? a,m[ef\ c&pf0ifusrf;
]]xm0&touf}} rSm t"du aomhcsuf wifpm;rIjzpfonf/
c&pfawmf <uvmjcif; ESpfMudrfjzpfaejcif;aMumifh þpum;pkESifhqdkifí wif;rmrIjzpfay:aponf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;onf bk&m;ocif\ ar&Sd, Muvmjcif; wpfckudk omvQif pl;pdkufum? ppfa&;? w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh
bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifh <uvmjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? "r®opfusrf;url? yxrtMudrfü a[&Sm,53 &Sd 'ku©qif;&JcHaom
tapcHtjzpfESifhvnf;aumif;? Zmc&d 9;9 &Sd ESdrfhcsaom &Sifbk&iftjzpfESifhvnf;aumif; <uvmaMumif; azmfjyonf/
*sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\
uyfumvESpfckjzpfaom
qdk;oGrf;jcif;
uyfumvESifh
ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfumvwdkYrSm
xyfvsuf&Sdonf/ a,½Ionf ,ckvuf&Sdü ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;xJpkd;pHaeaomfvnf;? wpfaeYaomtcg
usvQif zefqif;aomt&m wpfckvkH;tm; tkyfpkd;ayrnf/ olonf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ Asm'dwfawmftwdkif;
<uvmvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm ]]&SdcJhjyDjzpfaom}} ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aom}} bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftwGif;
&SdaeMuonf/ (Gordon D. Fee ESihf Douglas Stuart wdkY\ How to Read The Bible For All Its Worth, pp. 131134)
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;}} þt&nftcsif;rsm;udk
,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;ESifh ,kHMunfoltodkif;t0kdif;ü ay;olrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\
rdom;pktwGuf twGif;tjyifMuifvifvu©Pmrsm;jzpfonf/
]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} [laom a0g[m&udk þae&mü txl;t"dyÜg,fjzifh aygvkokH;onf/ txl;taMumif;
t&m 1;17ü Munfhyg/ aygvkonf xkdpum;vkH;udk ,kHMunfoltwGuf bk&m;ocifoGif;ay;aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk
azmfjy&mü okH;avh&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfol&&Sdaom tjypfvGwfjcif;ESifh c&pfawmftxJ &yfwnfrI (3;21-31/ 4)
udk bk&m;ocifonf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnD (w&m;½kH;awmfESifhqkdifí) aMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ tjypfjynhfol vlom;udk
ajzmifhrwf oltjzpf rSwf,lvkduf½kHomru? olwdkYrSm vufawGUajzmifhrwfolrsm;jzpfvmMu&efvnf; jzpfonf/
¤if;rSm vufaqmifwpfckjzpfum? yef;wdkifwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ tjzpfrSef (INDICTIVE) ESifh apcdkif;jcif;
(IMPERATIVE)? ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf&SifrIjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 ü Munfhyg/
14;18 ydkü tm;enf;ol ,kHMunfolrsm;udk axmufí? ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYt vGwfvyfcGifhudk rdrd[m
rdrduefYowfvdkufjcif;rSm c&pfawmfukd,fwdkiftm; tapcHjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom
vlwdkYtm; cspfjcif;? *½kpdkufjcif;? tumtuG,fay;jcif;xuf a,½Iudk rdrdcspfaMumif;ydkí cdkifrmpGm
twnfjyKaomt&m r&SdawmfhjyD/
]]vlrsm;vnf;
ESpfoufMu\/}} c&pf,mefrsm; tcsif;csif; cspfMujcif;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;twGif;
trIawmfvkyfief;ESifh oufaocH&ef vrf;zGifhay;Edkifaom enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ (ti,f 16/ 2aum 8;21/
1ay 2;12)/ ,kHMunfjcif; todkif;t0dkif;twGuf rdrw
d dkY tcsif;csif;rnfodkYjyKrlMuaMumif;onf tjyKoabm?
tysufoabmESpfrsKd;ü wefcdk;&Sdaom oufaocHjcif;jzpfygonf/
14;19 ]]rSDatmifvdkufMupdkY}} þ"r®a[mif; pumvkH;wJG (tD'D,H) dioko udk *&d"r®a[mif; Septuagint enf;wl
aygvk a&;aompmrsm;ü awGU&avh&Sdum ]]pdwfapmpGmvdkufonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]&&Sd&ef pdwftm;xufoefpGm
416
tm;xkwfon}}f [k qdkvdkonf/ aygvkonf þpum;vkH;udk a&mr 9;30? 31/ 12;13 wdkYESifh þae&mü
]]vdkufonf}} [laom t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;aomfvnf; 12;14ü rI,kHMunfolrsm;udk nTef;qJolrsm;tm; ajym&mü
okH;onf/ (1aum 4;12/ rdrdudk,fwdkifudk &nfnTef;í 15;9/ 2aum 4;9/ *v 1;13? 23/ zd 3;6)
(MSS Aleph, A, B, F, G, L & P) odkYr[kwf
4
SUBJUNCTIVE (MSS C,D) udk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;wpfckckjzpfonf/ UBS onf
¤if;rSm
PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE
PRESENT ACTIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
udk
okH;aomfvnf; "D" tqifh (tvGefc,Of;)owfrSwfonf/
c&pf,mefrsm; vdkuf&rnfh t&mrsm;rSm
1/ {nfh0wfausyGefjcif;? 12;13
2/ jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif;aqmufwnfp&mjzpfaomt&mrsm;? 14;19
3/ cspfjcif;arwÅm? 1aum 14;1
4/ c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;? zd 3;12?14
5/ tcsif;csif;ESifh vltm;vkH;twGuf aumif;aomt&m? 1ouf 5;15
6/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;? bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sifjcif; ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;arwÅmpGJjrJjcif;ESifh El;nHh
odrfarGYjcif; 1wd 6;11
7/ pifMu,faom ESvkH;om;jzifh ocifbk&m;udk ac:aomolrsm;ESifhtwl ajzmifhrwfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;?
cspfjcif;arwÅmESifh jidrf;oufjcif; 2wd 2;22
]]jidrfoufjcif;ESifh
tcsif;csif; aqmufwnfp&mjzpfapaom}} ¤if;onf t&m&mwdkif;ü ,kHMunfol\
yef;wdkifjzpf&ygrnf/ (qmvH 34;14/ a[jAJ 12;14)/ vlwpfa,muf\ vGwfvyfrIESifh "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m
em;vnf;od&SdrIonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mMuD;xGm;jcif;ESifh cdkifcefYjcif;twGuf jzpf&ygrnf/ (15;2/ 1aum 6;12/
14;26/ {zuf 4;12)/ txl;taMumif;t&m / / aqmufwnfjcif; 15;2 ü Munfhyg/
14;20 ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkyfudk ... rzsufqD;ygESifh}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD;
qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfckudk &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm tm;aumif;aom
aygif;pyfMwd,m (kata taygif; luo) jzpfonf/ aygvk a&;aom pmrsm;ü okH;MudrfomvQif okH;onf/ (2aum 5;1ü
aojcif;twGuf okH;um? *v 2;18ü þusrf;ydk'f\ t"dyÜg,fjzifhyif okH;jyD; ]]zsufqD;onf}} [lí jzpf\/) ti,f
19&Sd ]]aqmufwnf}} ESifh ]]jzdKzsuf}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom þpum;vkH;wdkYudk tenf;i,f upm;xm;onf/ ESpfckpvkH;
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;jzifh wifpm;rIrsm;jzpfonf/
þusrf;ydk'fü ]]bk&m;ocif\tvkyf}} qdo
k nfrSm tb,fenf;¿ ¤if;onf &ifhusufjcif;udk
&nfnTefjcif;rjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; ]]tm;enf;ol}} ,kHMunfolrsm; toufwmü 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIudk
&nfnTef;onf/ þusrf;ydk'fjzpfap 1aum&dEÅK 8-10ü jzpfap aygvkajyonfrSm tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpk
kwpfcktm; ykHo@mef ajymif;vJvm&ef ulnD&rnftaMumif;yif jzpfonfμ
]]t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf}} ti,f 14\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

NASB ]]pm;í olwyg;tm; jypfrSm;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/}}
NKJV ]]jypfrSm;jcif;ESifh pm;aom olonf tjypf&Sd\/
NRSV ]]oifpm;aom t&maMumifh tjcm;olrsm;vJapygu wpfckcktm; pm;jcif;onfrSm;\/
TEV ]]tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,muftjypfxJusap&ef wpfckcktm;pm;jcif;onfrSm;,Gif;\/}}
417
]]pm;jcif;tm;jzifh tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,mufvJusapygu tjypfjzpfonf/
þtcef;i,fonf þtcef;MuD;\ t"du or®mw&m;jzpfonf/ (1aum 10;25-26/ wduk 1;15)
¤if;onf ½kyfwkylaZmf&mtom;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum&dEÅK 8-10)/ þtom;onf aumif;onf
qdk;onfr[kwfbJ? xdktom;rsKd;rpm;oifh[k xifol? tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf xdktom;rsKd;tm;
c&pf,mefwpfa,mufpm;onfudkjrifum? pm;vnf;pm;vkdufygu? udk,fusifhw&m;ü taumif;? tqdk; [lí
r[kwfbJ? Mum;aejzpfaom xdktom;rSm raumif;aomtom;jzpfoGm;onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ocif\
tvdkawmfudk ydkif;jcm;od&SdrItm; azgufzsufapaomt&mjzpfvmaom aMumifhwnf;/ (i,f23)
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkwdkYonf þpum;pkudk ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudk}} ESifh qufpyfMuonf/
taMumif;rSm olpm;vdkufaomt&monf tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfoludk vGrf;rkd;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ umodkvpf
bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonfh New American Bible üf pm;aomt&monf ol\ taumif;tqdk;cJGjcm;wwfaom
pdwfudk jypfrSm;apaomtcg pm;aomoltwGuf rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfonf[k bmomjyefum? ]]tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfol}}
ESifh qufpyfonf/ taMumif;t&moabmt& yxr bmomjyefrIrSm taumif;qkH;jzpfae[ef&Sdaomfvnf;?
qdkvdk&if;roJruJGjzpfaejcif;rSm
ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf
&nf&G,fí
wrifoufouf
xdktwdkifxm;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ i,f 22;23
NJB
14;21 ¤if;rSm ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudkrsm;}} udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tcsKdUaom tpm;taomufrsm;
]]vkH;0a&Smifjcif;}} "r®oabmw&m;twGuf wpfckwnf;aom or®musrf;pmxJutajccHjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef
rsm;onf rdrdwdkY c&pf,mef nDtpfudk rsm;ESifh pdwf&if;jzifh pl;prf;avhvmolrsm; (r,kHMunfolrsm;) udk axmufxm;
aomtm;jzifh rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhtm; vdktyfovdk uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ rdrdudk,f rdrduefYowf
fjcif;qdkif&mrsm;pGmwdkYonf "avhxkH;pHqdkif&m? ae&ma'o (0g) *kdPf;*eqdkif&mwdkYü awGU&onf/
¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfjyD; ]]tjyKtrlwpfcktm;
rnfonfh tcgürQ rpwif}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ þ AORIST onf tcsKdUaomtcg or,rsKd; (1aum&dEÅK 8;10)
twGufomjzpfonf[k teufzGifhMuonf/ tpm;tomuf[lonf wm;qD;ydwfyifí&aomt&m r[kwfaMumif;
xif&Sm;onf/
14;22
]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk bk&m;ocif a&SUawmfü rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufonfhtwdkif
&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&dS\/}}
NKJV ]]rSefonf[k ,kHMunfygovm;¿ ¤if;udk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü oifhtwGuf jzpfapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom
t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/}}
NRSV ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdem;vnf oabmaygufonftwdkif; bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü
&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHxm;aomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfwifp&mr&Sdolrsm;rSm r*Fvm&Sd olrsm;
jzpfMu\/}}
TEV
]]þudpöütrSef[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum; odrf;xm;avmh/ wpkHw&mtm;
rSefonf[k pD&ifqkH;jzwfonfhtcg rSm;onf[k rcHpm;olrsm;onf r*Fvm&Sdolrsm;jzpfMu\/
NJB
]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdudk,frdrdtjypf rwifb?J
qkH;jzwfcsufcsEdkifoludk uHaumif;onf[k rSwf,lavmh/}}
,kHMunfolonf rdrdtm; 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfhtwdkif; or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh &&Sdonfh MowÅyÜpdwf\
tvif;twdkif;touf&Sif&rnf [laomtcsufudk þpum;pkonf twnfjyKay;ygonf/ (i,f 5)/ olwdkYonf
rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;twdkif; avQmuf&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? rdrd\ ,kHMunfazmf ,kHMunfzufrsm;\ ,kHMunfrIudk
NASB
418
zsufpD;&efr[kwfacs/ ti,f 22 onf ]] tm;&Sdolnt
D pfudk}} tm;&nfnTef;jyD;? tcef;i,f 23 u rI
]]tm;enf;aomnDtpfudk}} tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
ti,f 22\ tpü rIuJG vufa&;usrf;&Sdonf/ NKJV rSm uJhodkY ar;cGef;odkYr[kwf azmfjycsuf (NASB,
NRSV, TEV ESifh NJB) vnf;jzpfEdkifygonf/
]]vufcHaomt&m}} txl;taMumif;t&m 2;18ü Munfhyg/
14;23 ]]oHo,0ifaom olonf}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE
pdwftaESmifht&SufjzpfrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ i,f 3/
]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH\}} ¤if;rSm kata + krino rS qif;oufaom
jzpfonf/
PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE
¤if;onf
jzpfonf/
t"dyÜg,frSm
1/ ]]qefYusifbufoabmudk jyvsuf? tjypf&Sdoljzpfaponf}} (Harold K. Moulton, The Analytical Greek
Lexicon Revised. p. 216)/
2/ jypf'PfrpD&ifaomfvnf; pD&ifcsufcsjyD;aemuf qkH;rjcif;vdkufvmonf/ (a&mr 5;16? 18/ 8;1/ Moulton and
Miligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testment, p. 328)
þae&mü qdkvdkonfrSm rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwftm; usL;vGefjcif;ESifh xdktjypfudk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf
azmfjyem;vnfaponfhtcg jzpfay:vmaom a0'emjzpfonf/
]]pm;ygu}} ¤if;rSm wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/
]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/}} or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,foJuJGpGm razmfjyaom
u@rsm;ü tjypf[lonf ynwfw&m;usL;vGefjcif;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwf (vdyfjym pdwf) tm;
usL;vGefjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;w&m;udk vdkuf&rnfjzpfjyD;? or®musrfpmESifh
0dnmOfawmfrS tvif;ydkrdk&&Sd&ef tjrJwrf;vrf;zGifhxm;&onf/
,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmftm; em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;udk vkdufí jyKrIMuonf/
or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,f oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom taMumif;t&mrsm; tay:rwlnDaom tjri;fESpfrsKd;pvkH;udk
pJGudkifum? ESpfckpvkH;tvdkawmftwdkif; jzpfjcif;rsKd; onfvnf; &ifhusufol ,kHMunfolrsm;ü jzpfEdkifonf/
tcsKdY*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü tcef;MuD; 14tqkH;ü bkef;awmfbJGUyg&Sdonf/ tcsKdUwGif ae&mESpfckpvkH;
ü&Sdonf/ aypmusrf; p46 ü rI ¤if;udk tcef;MuD; 15 tqkH;ü xm;onf/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ tpOftvm*&d
vufa&;usrf;ü þbkef;awmfbJGUudk ae&majcmufckü awGU&onf/ tjynfhtpkH aqG;aEG;rItwGuf United Bible
Societies rS xkwfapaom Bruce M. Metzger \ A Textual Commantary of the Greek New Testament, pp.
533-536 ü Munfhyg/ xdkoDtdk&Drsm;\ tusOf;csKyfrSm þodkYjzpfonf/
1/ ueOD;ü a&mrjrdKUwGif t,l0g'vTJrSm; olwpfa,mufjzpfaom Marcion onf a&mr Mo0g'pm\
aemufqkH;tcef;MuD;ESpfcef;tm; z,fxkwfvdkufonf[k Origen u ajymygonf/ ¤if;onf tcef;MuD;
14ü þbkef;awmfbJGU&Sd&jcif;taMumif;&i;fjzpfayrnf/
2/ tcsKdUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;url aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmykHpHwpfrsKd;jzpfonfh tcef;MuD; 1-14 udk
a&mrjrdKYodkY ydkY&ef a&;om;cJh&m? aemufydkif;ü xdkpmudkyif {zufjrdKUodkYvnf; ydkY&efvdktyfonf[k odjrifcJhonf/
¤if;rSm tcef;MuD; 1-16 tjynfhtjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/ wpfOD;csif;tm; EIwfquf jcif;pm&if;
t&SnfMuD;onf (tcef;MuD;16) {zufjrdKUudk xif[yfapjyD;? a&mrjrdKUESifh rIqDavsmfjcif;r&Sdacs/
419
3/ tmukvESifh jypfudkvwdkYrSm a&mrjrdKUodkY jyefoGm;cJhMuaMumif; rSwfwrf;r&SdcJhbl;bJ? {zufjrdKUüom
aeoGm;cJhaomaMumifh tcef;MuD; 16 &Sd EIwfqufjcif;rSm a&mrjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf
jzpfonf/ ({zufjrdKU ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf)
4/ xdk bkef;awmfbJGUonf rl&if;ü rygbJ? aemufydkif;wGif usrf;ul;q&mrsm;onf toif;awmf0wfjyK
pnf;a0;rsm;ü zwf&Gwf&ef jznfhpGufMujcif;jzpfonf/
M.R. Vincent, Word Studies, Vol, 2 ü pdwf0ifpm;p&m rSwfcsufwpfckawGU&onfrSm
]]þoDtdk&Drsm;ESifh acgif;rmpGm qefYusifonfrmS ? ,ckxd pkaqmif;od&SdcJh&orQ aygvk\ pmrsm;
(okH;&mcefY)ü þtcef;MuD;rsm; ,ck tpDtpOftwdkif;&SdjyD;? þbkef;awmfbJGUryg&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ (pm? 750)
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
þusrf;pm\
þtydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
1/ ]]tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfol}} rsm;rSmrnfolawGenf;¿ a&;om;azmfjyyg/ olwdkYrSm r&ifhusufolrsm;jzpfonf[k
aygvkqdkvdkygovm;¿
2/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIESifh c&pf,mefwm0ef 0wÅ&m;rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿
3/ t&mtm;vkH;obm0tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;ygoavm¿ odkYr[kwf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mü Mum;aejzpfygoavm¿
(i,f 14?20)
4/ aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmudk aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS a&;om;cJhjcif;udk owd&&if;? tpm;taomufjyóemonf
aum&dEÅKjrdKUü tb,faMumifh tvGefta&;MuD;enf;¿ (1aum tcef;MuD; 8?10)
5/ þtcef;MuD;ü todynm? vGwfvyfrIESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmrsm;\ qufpyfrIudk &Sif;jyyg/
6/ toif;awmftwGif; rdwfo[m,udk rnfonfh t&may: tajcjyK&rnfenf;¿
7/ rdrdwdkY wpfOD;csif;\ a&G;cs,frIESifh qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;rnfonfh t&may:tajccHMuoenf;¿
8/ uREkfyfwdkY\ tjyKtrIrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk rnfuJhodkY xdcdkufoenf;¿ þtcsufonf uRefawmfwdkYudk
rnfonfht&mtm; awmif;qdkaeoenf;¿
9/ oifhawmfaom c&pf,mefudk,fusifhw&m;udk rnfuJhodkY owfrSwfqkH;jzpfMuoenf;¿
10/ &ifhusufaom c&pf,mefrsm; oabmxm;rwlnDru
I dk bk&m;ocifvufoifhcHEdkifygOD;rnfavmh¿
420
a&mr 15
UBS
NKJV
tjcm;vlom;csif;
rsm;auseyfygap/
rdrdudk,frdrdrauseyf
apESifh
15;1-6
0eftcsif;csif; tm;aumif;ol
xrf;ay;Mu onftm;enf;ol
udkonf;cH
wyg;trsKd;ESifh*sL;
rsm;twGuf{0Ha*vd
15;7-13
bk&m;udk
twlcsD;rGrf;
15;7-13
aygvk\ óoem
vkyfief;qufuyfrI
a,½k½SvifjrdKY udk,fydkifrSwfpk
@aumedjrdKUodkY
&J&ifhpGmpma&;&mü
aygvk&nf&G,fcsuf
aygvk\trIawmf
15;14-21
15;14-21
15;14-21
15;14-16
15;17-21
a&mrjrdKYoGm;&ef
aygvktpDtpOf
a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef
pDpOf
a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef
aygvktpDtpOf
aygvk\tpD
tpOfrsm;
22-29
22-33
15;22-29
15;30-33
22-26
22-29
15;30-33
15;1-6
NRSV
15;1-6
TEV
NJB
tjcm;olrsm;
auseyfygap/
rdrdudk,frdrdraus
eyfapESifh
15;1-6
(14;22-15;6)
wyg;trsKd;rsm;twGuf
{0Ha*vd
15;7-12
15;7-12
15;13
15;13
15;7-13
15;14-21
22-29
15;30-33
þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m
rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;vJ
avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om
ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/
421
tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm;
owfrSwfazmfjyyg/
taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SmOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;?
teufjyefjcif;\
toJESvkH;jzpfaom
rl&if;pma&;ol\
MuH&G,fcsufem;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/
1/ yxrpmydk'f
2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f
3/ wwd,pmydk'f
4/ ... pojzifh
ti,f 1-13tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/
u/ c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;taMumif; tcef;MuD; 14rS 15;1-13 txd aqG;aEG;onf/
c/ 14;1-15;13 txd aqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm; þodkYtusOf;csKH;Edkifonf/
1/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk c&pfawmftxJ vufcHojzifh tcsif;csif; vufcHMu (14;1?3? 15;7)
2/ c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkY\ ocifESifh wpfyg;wnf;aomw&m; pD&ifoljzpfojzifh tcsif;csif;w&m;
pD&ifjcif;rjyKMuESifh/ (14;3-12)
3/ cspfjcif;arwÅmonf wpfOD;csif; vGwv
f yfrIxuf ydkrdkta&;MuD;onf/ (14;13-23)
4/ c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoaumif;udk vkdufum? tjcm;olrsm; aqmufwnfp&mjzpf&efESifh aumif;usKd;twGuf
rdrd\ tcGif;ta&;udk t½IH;cHyg/ (15;1-13)
*/ 14;1-15;13 wpfckvkH;\ &nf&G,fcsufokH;rsKd;tm; 15;5-6ü ay:vGifaeonf/
1/ tcsif;csif;oifhjrwfpGmaexdkifyg/
2/ c&pfawmf\ ykHaumif;oufaoESifh tnDtouf&Sifyg/
3/ aygif;pnf;aom ESvkH;om;? aygif;pnf;aom EIwfpum;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;yg/
C/ wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrIESifh tpktaygif;jzifh wm0ef&SdrItMum;tvm;wl wif;rmrItaMumif; 1aum 8-10ü
aqG;aEG;onf/
1
tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdauseyfap½kHrQ r[kwfbJ? tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf; olwdkYudk onf;cH
oifhonf/ 2igwdkY wpfa,mufcsif;onf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;\ aumif;usKd;twGuf olauseyfESpfodrfhí aqmufwnf
p&mjzpfap&efjzpfonf/ 3taMumif;rSm c&pfawmfyifvQif ]]udk,fawmfudk jypfwifaom olrsm;\ jypfwifjcif;rsm;
uREkfyftay:usa&mufyg\}} [lí usrf;pmvmonfESifh tnD rdrdudk,f rdrdauseyfapjcif; rjyKcJhacs/
4
usrf;pmtm;jzifh &aom cJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jzifh igwdkYü ajrmfvifhjcif;&Sdap&ef? a&S;umvü a&;cJhorQonf igwdkYudk
oGefoif&ef a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ 5pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;udk ay;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmf a,½I\
tvdkESifhtnD? pdwfwl? oabmwljzifh oifwdkYudk igwdkY ocifa,½I c&pfawmf\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmftm;
wpfoHwnf;jzifh nDnTwfpGm csD;rGrf;Edkifygrnf taMumif;ay;ooem;awmfrlygapaom/
422
15;1
]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf ... tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf;olwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf}}
]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf;í pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf vG,folwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf/
]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf;olrsm;\ tjypftemrsm;udk onf;cHoifhonf/}}
]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf; olwdkY\ 0efudk ,lí tm;enf;olwdkY\ oHo,0ifaom
cHpm;csufwdkYudk onf;cH&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/}}
¤if;wdkYrSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfonf/ tm;&Sdol?
tm;enf;olrsm;udk azmfjyjcif;onf 14;1 rS pwif aqG;aEG;csufudkyif? tcef;MuD; 15ü qufvufoGm;
jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a&mr toif;awmfESifh toif;awmfrsm;tm;vkH;ü c&pf,mefrsm;\ toufwm vrf;aMumif;
ay:wif;rmrItm; ay:vGifapjcif;ESifh wlonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm
1/ or®musrf;pmxJ oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom u@rsm;
2/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ awmif;qdkrIrsm;
3/ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m r[kwfaom? xkH;wrf;pOfvmqdkif&m udpörsm;tm; wkHYjyefrIrsm;
þu@ü uRefawmfhudk rsm;pGm yhHydk;aom pmtkyfaumif;tpftkyfrSm Gordon Fee \ Gospel and Spirit
pmtkyfjzpfonf/
,aeYacwfopfpm ½Iolrsm; taejzifh ]]tm;&Sdol}} ESifh ]]tm;enf;ol}} rsm;rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;
owfrSwfcsufay;&efrSm rSef;qcsuf omvQif jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvk\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm xdkodkY jyK&ef r[kwfacs/
tm;&Sdol tkyfpkrSm pnf;urf; Oya' odkYr[kwf bmoma&; qif,ifusif;yrIudk t"du xm;aom bmoma&;
vkdufpm;rIESifh uif;vGwfoludk &nfnTef;onf/ olwdkYESifh bk&m;ocifqufqH&mü bmoma&;qdkif&m wm0eftcsKdU
aqmif&Gufjcif; (0g) bmoma&;wm;jrpfcsuf tcsKdUtm; a&Smifjcif;rsm; tay:raocsm ra&&mbJ? rSDcdktm;
xm;jcif;rjyKMuacs/ tjcm;tkyfpkrSmvnf; wif;jynfhusyfjynfh c&pf,mefrsm;? tjynfht0vufoufoifhcHjcif;&&Sd
olrsm;ESifh tjynfht0qufuyfaom ,kHMunfolrsm; tkyfpkyif jzpfonf/ odkYaomf olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\
,kHMunfjcif;tm; rdrdwdkY twdwfu bmoma&;qdkif&m tawGUtMuHKrsm;rSwqifh ½IjrifMuonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;
,kHMunfolrsm;onf
*sL;bmom\ y#dnOf
w&m;a[mif;udk pJGudkifvdkMuonf/ wyg;trsKd;om;
,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ ,cif bmoma&; t,l0g'ESifh usifhpOftcsKdUwdkYudk qufvufusifhvdkMuonf/
odkYaomf aygvkonf ,kHMunfolwdkYü &Sdaom þpdwfaeoabmxm;udk ]]tjypf}} [k ac:a0go rIwfjcif;rjyKaMumif;
owd&yg/ rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk vGefusL;Mujcif;uomvQif tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)/
]]tm;r&Sd}} [laom a0g[m& adunatos onf (wref 14;8) ashtheneŌ (14;1?21/ 1aum
8;7?10?11?12/ 9;22) ESifh qufpyfum? ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,frSmvnf; ]]tm;r&Sd}} [líjzpfonf/
þusrf;ydk'f\
qdkvdkcsufrSm
c&pf,mefrsm;onf
tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk
pdwfrodk;roefYESifh
onf;nnf;cHae&efr[kwf/
cspfjcif;arwÅmxm;um
]]*½kwpdkufjyKí}}
wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muftwl
vkyfaqmifaeMu&ef jzpfonf/ ]]onf;cH}} bear [laom pum;vkH;rSm a,½I ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkifxrf;jcif;}} a,m[ef
19;17ESifh vkum 14;27 wdkYü okH;aom pum;vkH;vnf;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf bk&m;w&m; MunfndKol
tcsif;csif;Mum;jzpfay:Edkifaom wif;rmrI taMumif;aumif;pGm odonf/ aygvkonf *sL;bmom vpfb&,f
ausmif;awmf Hillel \ txifu& q&mMuD;wpfqljzpfol *gravsv Gamaliel vufatmufü avhusifh
oGefoifrIcHvmcJholjzpfonf/
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
]]rdrdudk,frdrd auseyfap½kHrQr[kwfbJ}} ¤if;rSm
ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE
jzpfjyD; qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck &yfwhHonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ twÅudkA[dkjyKjcif;rSm
r&ifhusufrI\ aocsmaom edrdwfvu©Pm wpfckjzpfum? c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoudk vdkufjcif;onf &ifhusufrI\
NEGATIVE PARTICLE
423
aocsmaom edrdwfvu©Pmjzpfonf/ (i,f 3/ zd 2;1-11)/ þpum;pkonfvnf; tm;&Sdolrsm;udk
ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (14;1?14?16?21?27)/ rdwfo[m,wnfwHhap&ef olwdkYüom wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdjcif;
r[kwfacs/ tm;enf;olwdkYtm;vnf; 14;3?20?23/ 15;5-6?7 wdkYü ajymygonf/
15;2 ]]igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;... auseyfESpfodrfhí}} tdrfeD;csif; pum;vkH;rSm c&pf,mef
csif;csif;[laom t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ þodkY ajym&mü rdrdwpfOD;csif;wdkY\ em;vnf oabmayguf
rIrsm;udk tavQmhtwif;jyKjcif; oabmr[kwfbJ? oJuJGpGm razmf jyaom taMumif;t&m rsm;ü rdrd\
oabmxm;odkY r[kwf ydkrdkESpfoufaom t&mtm; twif;tusyfjyKjcif; rjyK&efjzpfonf/ txG#ftxdyfrSm
wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrI r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mpnf;vkH;nDnTwfa&; ESifh MuD;xGm;a&; jzpfonf/ (1aum
9;19-23/ 10;24-33/ {zuf 4;1-16)/
NASB ]]aqmufwnfp&mtwGuf}}
NRJV ]]aqmufwnfp&mjzpfap&ef}}
NRSV ]]tdrfeD;csif;tm; aqmufwnfrIjzpfap&ef aumif;aom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh}}
TEV ''olwdkYtm; ,kHMunfjcif;ü aqmufwnf&m&apjcif;ig}}
NJB ]]ydkí tm;aumif;aom c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfvmMuap&ef olwdkYudk ulnD...}}
¤if;rSm tcef;MuD; 14\ t"du OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ (14;16?19)/ ¤if;rSm 1aum 10;23/ 12;7/14;26/
{zuf 4;29 wdkYü awGY&onfhtwdkif; 0dnmOf qkaus;Zl;rsm; ppfaq;&ef tcsufrsm; teuf wpfckvnf; jzpfonf/
þusrf;ydk'fü rdrd\ c&pf,meftaz:rsm; ,kHMunfjcif;ü MuD;xGm;&ef ulnDaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh tm;&Sdol
c&pf,mefonf rdrd\ vGwfvyfrIudk uefYowfjcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ Joseph A. Fitzmyer ESifh Raymond E.
Brown wkdYwnf;jzwfcJhMuonfh The Jerome Biblical Commentary, vol. 2 ü þtcef;i,f
taMumif;pdwf0ifpm;p&m rSwfcsufwpfck&Sdonf/
]]þpum;pktm;}} olYudk aqmufwnf&m&ap&ef (tdrfeD;csif;) [k qdkum? c&pf,mef tdrfeD;csif;\
wpfOD;csif; MuD;xGm;a&;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf t"dyÜg,faumuf,lavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf aygvkonf taqmuf
tOD;jzifh wifpm;rIudk rdrda&;aom pmrsm;ü tpktzJGUt"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;avh&SdaMumif; qifjcifMunfhonfhtcg?
þpum;pkonfh þae&müvnf; vlrIa&;qdkif&m? tpktaygif; oabmudk qdkvdkaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ (1aum
14;12/ {zuf 4;12/ a&mr 14;19) (pm? 328)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / wnfaqmuf
þpum;vkH; oikodome ESifh ¤if;\ tjcm;ykHpHrsm;udk aygvkrMumcPokH;avh&Sdonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm
]]tdrfwvkH;aqmufvkyfonf}} [lí jzpf\/ (róJ7;24) odkYaomf ¤if; a0g[m&udk atmufygwdkYtm;
wifpm;azmffjyjcif; tjzpfokH;vmonf/
1/ c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mjzpfaom toif;awmf/ 1aum 3;9/ {zuf 2;21/ 4;16
2/ atmufygwdkYudk wnfaqmuf&ef
(u) tm;enf;aom nDtpfudkrsm;/ a&mr 15;1
(c) tdrfeD;csif;rsm;/ a&mr 15;2
(*) tcsif;csif;/ {zuf 4;29/ 1ouf 5;11
(C) trIawmftwGuf oefY&Sif;olrsm;/ {zuf 4;11
3/ uRefawmfwdkYonf atmufygwdkYtm;jzifh wnfaqmufrIjyKMuonf/
(u) cspfjcif;arwÅm/ 1aum 8;1/ {zuf 4;16
(c) rdrdwpfOD;csif;\ vGwfvyfrIudk uefYowfí/ 1aum 10;23-24
424
(*) xifjrifrI tm;jzifh jyKjcif;udk &Smifvsuf/ 1wd 1;4
(C) 0wfjyKpnf;a0;rsm;ü ajymrI?qdkrIrsm; uefYowfjcif; (oD;csif;qdkolrsm;? q&morm;rsm;? ya&mzufrsm;?
tjcm;aom bmompum;ajymolrsm;ESifh ¤if;tm; bmomjyefolrsm;) 1aum 14;3-4?12
4/ tm;vkH;u twnfjyK&rnfrSm
(u) aygvk\ tcGifhtmPm/ 2aum 10;8/ 12;19/ 13;10
(c) a&mr 14;19 ESifh 1aum 14;26 wdkYü tusOf;csKyfazmfjycsufrsm;/
15;3 ]]taMumif;rSm; c&pfawmfyifvQif}} c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkY vkdufem&ef ykHpHESifh Oyrmjzpfonf/
þtaMumif;ti,f 5/ zd 2;1-11/ 1ay 2;21/ 1a,m 3;16 wdkYüvnf; txl;azmfjyonf/
]]usrf;pmvmonf}}
¤if;rSm
"r®a[mif;usrf;udk
ajymaom
pum;vkH;wJGtD'D,H(idiom)
tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm qmvH 69;9tm;udk;um;
rlwpfckjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Oyrmtjzpf c&pfawmfudk nTef;qdk&mü (olYudk,fol rauseyfaprIrjyKjcif;/ zd
2;5-8) aygvkonf "r®a[mif;usrf;csufwpfck udk;um;vdkufjcif;jzifh? ueOD;toif;awmf\ tcGifhtmPmqdkif&m
ta&;MuD;qkH;usrf; taxmuftxm; ESpfcktokH;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (New man and Nida, A Translator's
Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans, p. 271) wavmuvkH;\ tjypfudk xrf;&mü c&pfawmf\
twÅuif;rJhrIrSm uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Oyrmjzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;16)/
aygvkonf atmufygtwdkif; qufpyfonfESifh wlygonf/
1/ a,½Ionf ar&Sd, taejzifh uJh&JUjypfwifrI onf;cHjcif;
2/ aygvkonf {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumifh uJh&JUjypfwifrI onf;cHjcif;
usqif;aom þurÇmü bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&mü ay;qyf&ef wefbkd;&Sdygonf/
1/ jiif;y,fcHí um;pifwifowfjcif; cHola,½Ijcif;taMumif; ajymonf/
2/ aygvkonf rdrdjiif;y,fjcif;ESifh n§Of;qJcH&jcif;taMumif; 2aum 4;7-12/ 6;3-10/ 11;23-33 wdkYü
aygvkonfvnf; aemufqkH;wGif acgif;jzwfowfcH&onf/
15;4 ]]a&S;umvü a&;cJhorQonf igwdkYudk oGefoif&ef a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf}} "r®a[mif;usrf;rSm "r®opf
,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf a&;om;jcif;vnf;jzpfygonf/ (a&mr 4;23?24/ 15;4/ 1aum 9;10/ 10;6?11)/ ¤if;rSm
y#dnOfw&m; opf,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhvnf; oufqdkifonf/ (2wd 2;15/ 3;16-17)/ qufvufaeaomfvnf;
"r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opftMum; qufvufjcif;r&Sdaom u@rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/
]]usrf;pmtm;jzifh&aom pGJjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jzifh}} bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESifh ,kHMunfolrsm;\
touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHrsm;onf ¤if;udk rnfodkY wkHYjyefaMumif;rSwfom;yg/ ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIwdkYtwl
aygif;pyfonf/ (i,f 5)/ ¤if;wdkYonf b0toufwmü aojcif;ESifh c&pfawmfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;taMumif;
ajrmfvifhjcif;uwdwdkYü ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIjzpfaponf/
]]igwdkYü
ajrmfvifhjcif;&Sdap&ef}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE wpfckjzpfum? igwdkY\
ajrmfvifhjcif;onf ti,f 4ü apmapmu azmfjycJhaom vkyfaqmifrIrsm; ay:rlwnfonf [kqdkvdkonf/
"r®opfusrf;ü
]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}
[lonf
uRefawmfwdkY\
u,fwifjcif;tm;
tqkH;owfaprnfh
'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;udk &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ (a&mr 8;30/ 1a,m 3;2)/ þa0g[m&onf
*&dpum;ü t*Fvdyfa0g[mrSm uJhodkYraocsmra&&maom t"dyÜg,fraqmifacs/ 'kwd,tMudrf jyefvnf <uvm
jcif;rSm tcsdefumvaocsm rod&aom aocsmonfhtjzpftysufwpfckjzpfonf/
425
aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,fcsif; qufpyfaom? uJGjym;jcm;em;onfh a0g[m&rsm;jzifh okH;avh&Sd
onf/
bkeftMuD;jcif;?csD;ajrmufjcif;? xm0&touf? tqkH;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? 'kwd,tMudrf
jyefvnf<uvmjcif;....pojzifhjzpfonf/ jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;rSm aocsmaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfjzpfí
rod&acs/ ¤if;onf ]],kHMunfjcif;}} ESifh ]]cspfjcif;arwÅmwdkYESifh qufpyfavh&Sdonf/ (1aum 13;13/ 1ouf 1;3/
2ouf 2;16)/ aygvk okH;EIef;ykH tcsKdUwdkYrSm
1/ 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf <uvmjcif; *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ 4;4/ wduk 2;13/
2/ a,½Ionf igwdkY\ ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1/
3/ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk udk;pm;onf/ aum 1;23
4/ tjynfht0 u,fwifjcif;/ aum 1;5/ 1ouf 4;13/ 5;8
5/ bk&m;ocif\ bkef;wefcdk;awmf/ a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27
6/ u,fwifjcif; pdwfcsrI/ 1ouf 5;8
7/ xm0&touf/ wduk 1;2/ 3;7/
8/ zefqif;orQ tm;vkH; a&G;EIwfjcif;/ a&mr 8;20
9/ ,kHMunfjcif;/ 8;23-25/ 15;4
10/ bk&m;ocif\ bJGUemrawmf/ a&mr 15;13
11/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvktvkd&Sdaomt&m 2aum 1;7
15;5 ]]bk&m;ocifonf ... ay;oem;awmfrl}} ¤if;rSm &Sm;yg;aom
jzpfum? qE´wpfck
(0g) qkawmif;csuf wpfckudk azmfjyonf/ ti,f 5-6 &Sd aygvk\ qkawmif;csufü tcsufESpfckyg0if&m
1/ pdwfESvkH;wpfckwnf;&Sd&ef (12;16/ 2aum 13;11/ zd 2;2)
2/ csD;rGrf;jcif;ü toHwpfoHwnf; jzpf&ef (ti,f 6?&?9)
AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE
]]pJGjrJjcif;ESifh
cGeftm;ay;awmfrl olbk&m;ocif}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk &Sif;vif;jcif;
oabmeD;yg;jzpfoGm;onf/ (15;13/ 1aum 1;3)/ bk&m;ocif\ þ*kPft*FgwdkYonf EIwfuywfawmfrS wqifh
,kHMunfolrsm;odkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ (i,f 4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJ&efvdktyfrI-8;25ü Munfhyg/
15;6 ]]igwdkYocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmfbk&m;}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ "r®opfusrf;
bJGUemrawmf tjynfhtpkHjzpfonf/ (2aum 1;3/ {zuf 1;3/ aum 1;3/ 1ay 1;3/ tvm;wl bJGUemrawmfwpfck
1;7ü Munfhyg) ¤if;rSm 'óedu aA'tvdkt& vdktyfaom bk&m;r[kwfbJ? zGifhjyawmfrIjcif;\ bk&m;jzpfonf/
ti,f 5-6 &Sd aygvk\ qkawmif;csuf&Sd bk&m;ocif\ bJGUemrawmfESpfckudk rSwfom;yg/
1/ pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;\ bk&m;ocif
2/ igwdkY ocifa,½I\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJjcif; 8;25ESifh crnf;awmf
1;7 wdkYüMunfhyg/
7
xdkYaMumifh c&pfawmfonfvnf; bk&m;oci\f bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&ef igwdkYudk vufcHonfhtwdkif;
oifwdkY tcsif;csif;vufcHMuavmh/ 8]]igqdkonfum; bdk;ab;rsm;udk ay;aomuwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef
c&pfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;bufrS aeum? ta&;zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkY\ tapcHjzpfvmcJhjyD/
9
xdkYaMumifh wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY tv,fwGif udk,fawmfudk csD;rGrf;um? emrawmfudk oDcsif;qdk ygrnf[k usrf;pmvm
onfESifhtnD?
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYonf
*&kPmawmfaMumifh
bk&m;ocifudk
csD;rGrf;Muvdrfhrnf/
10
11
wzefolqdkonfum; tdk? wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY vlrsKd;awmfESifhtwl 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ wzefqdkjyefonfum;?
426
wyg;trsKd;om; taygif;wdkY xm0&bk&m;udk csD;rGrf;Muavm/ vlrsKd;taygif;wdkY udk,fawmfudk csD;rGrf;Muap [k
vm\/ 12aemufwzef a[&Sm, ajymonfrSm a,&SJtjrpfxGuí
f
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYudk tkyfpkd;jcif;iSg?
ay:xGef;vmoljzpfí wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYonf olYudk arQmfvifhMuvdrfhrnf[k qdk\/ 13oifwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;tm;jzifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ü <u,f0ap&ef ajrmfvif;jcif;\ bk&m;ocifonf ocifwdkYtm;
,kHMunf0rf;ajrmufjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHygapaom/
15;7
NASB, TEV ]]tcsif;csif;vufcH (accept) Muavmh}}
NKJV
]]tcsif;csif;vufcH (receive) Muavhm}}
NRSV
]]tcsif;csif;MudKqdkMuavmh/}}
NJB
]]wa,mufudk wa,muf wlnDaom cifrifrIjzifh
jyKrIMuavmh/}}
¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE wpfckonf/ c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYudk vufcHcJhojzifh
rdrdwdkY,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;qufvufum vufcH Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;udk 14;1ü awGY&onf/
odkYaomf þae&mürl wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;udk bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif; "r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'f tcsKdUrdwfquf
azmfjyonf/ (i,f 9-12) ¤if;onf a&mrjrdKU toif;awmftwGif; wif;rmrI\xif[yfrIjzpfEdkifonf/
,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;ay;urf;a0iSjcif;onf c&pf,mefjzpfaMumif; azmfjy\/ (1;12/12;5?10?16/ 13;8/
14;13?19/ 15;5?7?14/ 16;16)
]]c&pfawmfonf...igwdkYudk vufcHonfhtwdkif;}} ¤if;rSm
jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm
,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; jyKrlapaom wGef;tm;ESifh taMumifh&if;jzpfonf/ (14;3) tcef;MuD; 14\
pl;pdkufjyKrIrSm
1/ c&pfawmftm; t&SifocifESifh w&m;pD&ifoltjzpf/ i,f 1-12
2/ c&pfawmftm; rdrdudk,frdrday;aom cspfjcif;arwÅm\ Oyrmtjzpf/ 13-23
c&pfawmfonf igwdkYudk vufcHojzifh? igwdkYonfvnf; tjcm;olrsm;udk vufcHMu&ygrnfμ
AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE
]]bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&ef}} 3;23 rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/
15;8 ]]c&pfawmfonf.... ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkY\ tapcHjzpfvmcJhjyD}} c&pfawmfrSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\
tem*wÅdpum;rsm; twdkif; bk&m;oci\f jynfhpkHaprIjzpfonf/ (róJ10;6/ 15;24) ¤if;udka&mrjrdKU
toif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm; tMum;wifrmrItm; &nfpl;í ajymjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/
]]bdk;ab;rsm;udk (fathers) ay;aom uwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef ... bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;bufrS
aeum}}
NKJV ]]bdk;ab;rsm;udk ay;aom uwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef... bk&m;;cif\ or®musrf;w&m;twGuf}}
NRSV ]]bkd;ab;rsm;udk (partriachs) ay;aom uwdawmfrsm;wnfap&ef... bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;bufrS
aeum}}
TEV ]]olwdkY\ bdk;ab;rsm;udk (ancestors) ay;aom uwdrsm; twdkif;jzpfvmap&ef bk&m;ocifonf
opGm&SdaMumif; *sL;rsm;bufrS aeum jyo&ef}}
NJB ]]bdk;ab;rsm;twGuf (patriachs) jyKaom uwdawmfrsm; bk&m;ocifopöm&SdpGm quvufap&ef/
¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;y#dnOfw&m;rsm;ü tpöa&;rsm;udk ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;udk
ajymjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (4;16)/ rnfodkY jzpfap? vlom;tm;vkH;a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif ay;aom uwdawmfrsm;udk
NASB
427
&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xuf 19;5-6/ a[&Sm 2;2-4/ 56;7/ 66;18-24)/
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ vQKdU0SufcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tpDtpOfonf *sL;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm;udk
c&pfawmfrSwqifh aygif;pnf;ap&efjzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;11-3/ 3;13)/
"r®opf\ owif;pum;rSm topftqef;wpfck t[kwfbJ? "r®a[mif;usrf;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm;
jynfhpkHvmrIjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf aqmif&Gufaom r[mapcdkif;rIrSm (0g) tpöa&;udk uwdjyKaom ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm;
jynfhpkHap&efESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; wHcg;zGifhay;&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 3;29-30/ 9;30/ 10;11-12/ 16-20/
11;25?32/ 16;25/ {zuf 2;11-3;21)/ bk&m;ocifudk wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; zGifhjyum? olwdkYudk
,kHMunfjcif;w&m;odkY qJGaqmif&ef owif;aumif;qdkif&mapcdkif;jcif;udk tpöa&;ysufuGuf onfhtcg?
þwpfurÇmvkH;qdkif&mwm0efjyD; ajymufatmif aqmif&Guf a&;twGuf (róJ 28;19-20/ vkum 24;47/
a,m[ef 3;16/ wref 1;8) a,½Ionf 0dnmOfa&;tpöa&; topfwpfrsKd;tm; wefcdk;ay;onf/ (9;6/ *v 6;16)
]]wnfap}} txl;taMumif;t&m 4;16ü Munfhyg/
15;9-12
¤if;rSm
wyg;trsKd;rsm;onf
bk&m;ocif\
tpDtpOfwGif
tjrJyg0ifaMumif;jy&ef
"r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'fpOfrsm;udk udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREkfyf Bob \
{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5/ 10;16-20 wdkYü Munfhyg/ ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'fwJGrsm; udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/
1/ i,f 9-qmvH 18;49 (0g) 2"r® 22;50
2/ i,f 10 – w&m;a[m 32;43
3/ i,f 11 – qmvH 117;1
4/ i,f 12 – a[&Sm 11;1?10
a[jAJor®musrf;pm\ u@MuD;wpfckpDrS udk;um;rIwpfcsufpDygaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ ynwÅdusrf;?
ya&mzufrsm;usrf;ESifh pmayrsm;
15;9 ]]u&kPmawmfaMumifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;}} a&mrMo0g'pm\ MudKwifcefYxm;jcif;? (9;15?16?18?23)
wyg;trsKd;rsm;yg0ifjcif; (11;30?31?32/ 15;9) wdkY\ "r®oabmw&m;\aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\
*&kPmawmfjzpfonf/ tpöa&;udk u,fwifonfrSm þ*&kPmawmfjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;rsm;udk
u,fwifonfrSmvnf; þ*&kPmawmfyifjzpfonf/ xdk,EÅ&m;rSm vlom;\ aqmif&GufrIr[kwfbJ (a&mr 9)
rajymif;rvJaom bk&m;ocif\ Muiftifvu©Pmjzpfonfh aus;Zl;awmf (xGuf 34;6/ ae[rd 9;17/ qmvH
103;8? 4/ a,mb 2;13) ESifh ar&Sd,qdkif&m uwdawmfjzpfonf/ (a,&Sm, 11;1?10)/
wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk atmufygwdkYjzifh bkef;awmf xif&Sm;apMujcif;rSm pdwf0ifpm;p&m
aumif;onf/
1/ 0efcHjcif;^ csD;rGrf;jcif;
2/ "r®oDcsif;oDqdkjcif;
,kHMunfolwpfOD;onf bk&m;ociftm; oDcsif;oDqdkonfhtcg 0efcHrIjyKjcif;? xkwfazmfrI jyKjcif;jzpfonf/
"r®oDcsif;rsm;onf ,kHMunfrI t,l0g' (creed) rsm;enf;wl w&m;0ifaom 0efcHrIwpfrsKd;jzpfonf (10;9-13)
15;13 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;\ bk&m;ocif}} ¤if;onf 14;1 rS tpjyKaom usrf;pum; tkyfpk\ tydwfbkef;awmfbJGU
jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ tHhbG,f&maumif;aom bJGUemrawmf wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/
15;13 ]]0rf; ajrmufjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHap}} ¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKU ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvk\
qkawmif;csufudk jyaom AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ ]]tm;vkH;}} qdkaom pum;vkH;udk rSwfom;yg/
(5;1-2/ 14;17)/
428

NASB, NKJV
NRSV ]],kHMunfvsuf}}
TEV ]]olYtm;,kHMunfjcif; tm;jzifh}}
NJB ]]oifwdkY ,kHMunfvsuf}}
¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE jzpfonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;awmf? c&pfawftm;
,kHMunfjcif;ü qufvufoGm;jcif;? 0rf;ajrmufrIESifh jidrfoufjcif;ü em;ckdkrIjzifh &&Sdaom pJGjrJonfh ,kHMunfjcif;
(confidence) jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf tm;,kHMunfjcif;[lonf tpjyK wkHUjyefrIwpfck rQomr[kwfbJ?
wkHUjyefrIjyKaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfonf/
]]oifwdkYonf ... ajrmfvifhjcif;ü <u,f0ap&ef}} ¤if;rSm perrisseuo \
PRESENT ACTIVE
INFINITIVE
wpfckjzpfjyD; tajccHtm;jzifh ]]xyfaqmif;í}} [laom t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ 15;4\ rSwfcsuf ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}} ü
Munfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / <u,f0âyg<u,f (perissevŌ)
þa0g[m&udk aygvk rMumcPokH;onf/
1/ bkef;awmf<u,f0apaom bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;/ a&mr 3;7
2/ a,½Ic&pfawmfwnf;[laom wpfa,mufaom ol\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh tcrJh vufaqmifonf
<u,f0vsuf&Sd\f/ a&mr 5;15
3/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf ajrmfvifhjcif;ü <u,f0Mu\/ a&mr 15;13
4/ ,kHMunfolrsm;udk tpm;tpmtcsKdUtm; pm;jcif; (0g) rpm;jcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif ESpfoufawmfrlonf
r[kwfacs/ 1aum 8;8
5/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf toif;awmfudk wnfaqmuf&mü <u,f0Muonf/ 1aum 14;12
6/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;twGuf vkyfaqmif&mü <u,f0Muonf/ 1aum 15;58
7/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\ 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif; a0rQcHpm;jcif;ü <u,f0onf enf;wl c&pfawmf\
ESpfodrfhrItm; a0rQcHpm;&mü vnf; <u,f0Muonf/ 2aum 1;5
8/ ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;onf bkef;awmf<u,f0onf/ 2aum; 3;9
9/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\ <u,f0aom aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;onf bkef;toa&awmf xif&Sm;aponf/ 2aum
4;15
10/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ü <u,f0Muonf/ 2aum 8;2
11/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf t&m&mü (,kHMunfjcif;? ajymqdkjcif;? todynm? pdwftm;MuD;jcif;ESifh cspfjcif;
arwÅm) <u,f0Muum? a,½k½Svif toif;awmftwGuf vufaqmifay;&müvnf; <u,f0Muonf/
2aum 8;7
12/ aus;Zl;awmf tvkH;pkHonf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf <u,f0onf/ 2aum 9;8
13/ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;ü ,kHMunfolrsm; <u,f0/ 2aum 9;12
14/ bk&m;ocif\ <u,f0aom aus;Zl;awmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ay: &ufa&mvSonf/ {zuf 1;8
15/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf cspfjcif;arwÅmü ydkí ydkí <u,f0vmEkifonf/ zd 1;9
16/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf aygvktm;? c&pfawmftxJ ,kHMunfrI<u,f0Muonf/ zd 1;26
17/ <u,f0pGm&Sdonf/ zd 4;12?18
429
18/ ,kHMunfrsm; aus;Zl;awmfü <u,f0Muonf/ aum 2;7
19/ ,kHMunfolrsm; tcsif;csif; cspfjcif;arwÅmü MuD;xGm;<u,f0onf/ 1ouf 3;12
20/ bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sifjcif;ü <u,f0jcif;/ 1ouf 4;1
21/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif; <u,f0pGm cspfMujcif;/ 1ouf 4;10
c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf taMumif; aygvk em;vnfykHrSm ]]xyfqmif;xm;onf}} [lí
jzpfonfenf;wl? ,kHMunfolrsm;onfvnf; rdrdwdkY toufwmxJü þ ]]tydkaqmif;aom}} aus;Zl;awmfESifh
cspfjcif;arwÅmü avQmufvSrf;&ef vdktyfonfμ

]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefckd;tm;jzifh}} oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf þuyfumvtopfü
tvkyfvkyfaeaom okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;\ yk*d¾Kvfjzpfonf/ olYtm;jzifh r[kwfvQif Mum&SnfcHaom
wefbdk;&Sdonfht&m (0g) tusKd;oufa&mufrI rjzpfay:Edkifacs/ (15;19/ 1aum 2;4/ 1ouf 1;5)/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 8;9 ESifh 8;11 wdkYü Munfhyg/
þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm;
rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom
tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf;
a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/
aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom
þar;cGef;rsm;rSm
þusrf;pm\
þtydkif;wGif
yg0ifaom
t"du
1/ a&mr 14;1-15;13\ yifrA[dk or®mw&m;rSm tb,fenf;¿
2/ aygvkonf ti,f 19-12 twGif; tb,faMumifh "r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'frsm;udk;um;oenf;¿ MuD;rm;aom
rnfonfh or®mw&m;rsm;yg&Sdoenf;¿
ti,f 14-33 tm; usrf;pum; tqufpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;
u/ þMo0g'pm\ tqkH;owfonf ¤if;\ tpjzpfaom 1;8-15ESifh rsm;pGm wlnDonf/
1/ ¤if;onf olwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;udk txl;csD;usL;onf/ (1;8)
2/ ¤if;onf wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wrefawmf&mxl;udk umuG,fajymqdkonf/
(1;13?14)
3/ ¤if;onf olwdkYxH aygvk oGm;vdkykHudk tcdkiftrmazmfjyonf/ (1;10?13)
4/ owif;aumif; ra&mufao;aom a'orsm;odkY aygvkoGm;&mvrf;ü olYudk tultnDay;apvdkonf/
(pydefjynf 1;13)
430
c/ aemufwpfcg a&mr toif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwyg; trsKd;om;rsm; tMum;
wif;rmrIudk t&dyft>ruf awGU&onf/ xdktaMumif;t&mudk þusrf;wavQmufvkH;ü t&dyft>rufazmfjyonf
(0g) &nfnTef;um? txl;ojzifh 9-11/ 14;1-15;13 wdkYü awGY&onf/
*/ ueOD;toif;awmfü aygvk\ wrefawmft&mESifh qdkifaom wif;rmrIudkvnf; t&dyft>rufawGY&onf/
olonf rdrdudk,frdrd ti,f 15-19/ 1;2?5 wdkYü umuG,fajymqdkaeonfESifh wlonf/
C/ þpmpkü taMumif;t&mESpf&yfyg&Sdonf/
1/ aygv\k wrefawmft&m? {0Ha*vd tvkyf&mESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;udk OD;wnfaom trIawmfvkyfief;
(i,f 14-21)
2/ þ&nf&G,fcsufjyD; ajrmufap&ef aygvk\ c&D;oGm; tpDtpOfrsm;onf olUudk a&mrjrdKUodkY
a&mufoGm;apEdkif/ (i,f 22-33)
14
oifwdkYESifh qdkifí um;? nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYonf aumif;jrwfjcif; taygif;ESifh jynfhpkHí t&m&mwdkYudk
odum? tcsif;csif;wdkufwGef; EId;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&SdMuonfudk igoabmayguf\/ 15odkYaomf tcsKdU tcsufrsm;udk
oifwdkY jyefí owd&ap&ef igonf&J&ifhpGm a&;onf/ 16tb,faMumifh qdkaomf wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf
c&pfawmf a,½I\ trIawmfaqmif wpfOD;jzpf&ef bk&m;ocifonf ighudk aus;Zl;jyKawmfrl\/
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYtm; ylaZmfouúmtjzpfay;jcif;udk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oefY&Sif;apum?
vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocif\ {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; ,Zmfyka&m[dwf uJhodkY aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sd\/
17
xdkYaMumifh bk&m;ocifESihf qdkifaomt&mwdkYü c&pfawmf a,½ItxJ 0g<um;p&m taMumif;&Sd\/ 18taMumif;rSm
19
ightm;jzifh
c&pfawmf
aqmif&GufjyD;pD;cJhaomt&mrsm;uvJTvQif
igrajym0hH/
xdkt&mrsm;onf
wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYtm; EIwftm;jzpfjzpfap? tjyKtrItm;jzifhjzpfap? tHhMobG,f&mrsm; edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;?
0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;rsm;tm;jzifh emcHaponf/ xdkYaMumifh igonf a,½k½SvifjrdKUrSpí £vk&dwfjynfwdkifatmif
teD;ywf0ef;usifa'orsm;ü c&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk tukeftpif a[majymcJhjyDjzpfonf/ 20xdkodkYjzifh
tjcm;ol\ tkwfjrpfay: aqmufvkyfjcif;rjzpfap&ef igonf c&pfawmf\ emrawmf rMum;bl;aom t&yfwdkYü
{0Ha*vdw&m; a[m&ef jyif;jypGm qE´&Sd\/ 21¤if;rSm owif;r&cJhaom olwdkYonf olYudk jrif&Muum?
rMum;&aom olwdkYonf em;vnfMuvdrfhrnf[k usrf;pmvmonfhtwdkif; jzpfonf/
15;14
NASB ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYESifh qdkifí um;? nDtpfudk wdkY.... igoabmayguf\/
NRJV ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? oifhwdkYESifh qdkifí ,ck igoabmayguf\ }}
NRSV ]]ig\ nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;wdkY oifwdkYtaMumif;udk igonf ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI cHpm;&\/}}
TEV ]]rdwfaqGwdkY? oifwdkYonf.... aMumif; ig,kHMunfpdwfcsrIcHpm;&\/}}
NJB ]]oifwdkYtaMumif; oHo,wpHkw&m0ifí r[kwfyg/ nDtpfudkwdkY/ xdkokdYjzpfrnfhtpm;
oifwdkYonf....
aMumif; igtvGef&Sif;vif;onf/
*&dpum;wGif ]]ig}} (auto egŌ) [lonf tvGefYtvGef tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf
þtoif;awmfudk trSefpifppf csD;rGrf;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (]]oabmayguf}} PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
aygvkonf þa&mrc&pf,mefrsm; taMumif;tcsufokH;csuf ajymonf/ i,f 14
431
1/ aumif;jrwfrI taygif;ESifh jynfhpkHMuonf (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
2/ t&m&mudk od&SdMuonf (PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICLE)
3/ tcsif;csif; wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&SdMuonf/ (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)
þti,f\ qdkvdk&i;frSm aygvkonf olwdkYudk taMumif;t&mopf ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? olwdkYMum;cJh?
vufcHcJhjyD;aom owif;aumif;udkyif &Sif;vif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 15)
]]oifwdkYonf aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHí}} 0gustpüf ]]ig}} [lí tav;teuf ajymonf enf;wl ]]oifwdkY}}
pum;vkH;üvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ ]]jynfh}} [laom a0g[m& (mestos) rSm ]]ESifhjynfhaom}} ]]tjynfh}} [lí
jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk ESpfMudrfomvQif okH;cJh&m ESpfckpvkH; a&mr Mo0gpmü jzpfonf/ (1;29/
15;14)/
]]jynfh}} (plēroŌ) rSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk a&mrMo0g'pmü
rMumcPokH;onf/ (a&mr 1;29/ 8;4/ 13;8/15;13?14?19)/ ¤if;\ emrf pleroma udkvnf; a&mrMo0g'pmü
rMucP okH;aomfvnf; (11;12?25/ 13;10/ 15;29) ¤if;\ emr0daooeudkrl ola&;aom rnfonfhpmü rS
rokH;cJhacs/
aygvk\ qE´rSm jynfh0aom {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk cspfjcif;arwÅmESifh
trIawmfaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf jynfhvQHpGm jznfhqnf;&efjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY vdkorQ
c&pfawmftxJ &&SdMuonf/ þpdwfcsrIudk tjynfht0vufcH &&SdMu&ef vdkonf/
]]aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifh
jynfhí t&m&mwdkYudk odum}} þa0g[m&rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf&ef
enf;vrf;ESpfck&Sdonf/ (1) þpmpk rwdkifrD 14;1-15;13 txd taMumif;t&mrsm; jzpfaom or®musrf;pmxJ
oJuJGpGm razmfjyonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;ü c&pf,mef tcsif;csif;tMum; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIrsm; tay: em;vnfrI
&SdMuonf/ þtaMumif;tm; ]]aumif;jrwf}} [laom pum;udk 14;16/ 15;2ESifh þae&mwdkYü tokH;jyKjcif;onf
twnfjyKonf/ odkYr[kwf (2) ¤if;onf ,kHMunfjcif; qkdif&m {0Ha*vd w&m;wpf&yfvkH;ESifh usifhokH;rI?
a&S;&dk;pOfvm,kHMunfrIESifh wdkYESifh qufpyfonf/
]]tcsif;csif;wdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&Sd}} toif;awmf [lonf tcsif;csif;tm;ay;? wdkufwGef; EId;aqmfrIjyK&ef
bk&m;ocifMuH&G,fxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 12;7/ aum 3;16/ 1ouf 5;14/ 2ouf 3;15)/ uRefawmfwdkYonf
tcsif;csif;tapcHjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk tapcH&ef u,fwifjcif;cHMuonfμ uRefawmfwdkYonf udk,fcE¨mawmf
usef;rmap&efESifh MuD;xGm;ap&ef touf&SifMubdkYjzpfonfμ
15;15 ]]&J&ifhpGm a&;onf}} aygvkonf þMo0g'pmudk aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS aeum? a&mrjrdKUodkYa&;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdktoif;awmfrS tkyfpkwpfckonf olYtm; vludk,fwdkiftm;enf; aomfvnf;? ola&;aom pmrsm;ü &J&ifhonf[k
a0zef wdkufcdkufonf/ ]]&J&ifhpGm}} [laom þMwd,mpum;vkHykHpHudk 2aum 10;2? 12/ 11;21 wdkYü awGU&onf/
aygvk &J&ifh&jcif;rSm ol\ ajymif;vJjcif;? ac:zdwfrIESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; od&Sdem;vnfrIwdkYaMumifh jzpfonf/
]]bk&m;ocifonf
ighudk aus;Zl;jyKawmfrl\/}} aygvkonf olYtm; ac:zdwfaom u,fwifaom?
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;ay;aom? wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;xH apvGwfaom (1;13/ 15;16) bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfudk
odonf/ (1;5/12;3/ 1aum 3;10/ 15;10/ *v 2;9/ {zuf 3;7-8) ¤if;rSm ol\ wrefawmft&mESifh
tcGifhtmPmudk azmfjyjcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (1;1?5)/
15;16 ]]trIawmfaqmif... trIawmfaqmif&Guf.... ylaZmfo@mtjzpf ay;vSL... vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&m}} ti,f 16
ESifh 17 wdkYü ,Zfyka&m [dwfqdkif&m a0g[m&ESihf pum;pk tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ trIawmfaqmif Minister
432
pum;vkH;tm; ti,f 27ü ,Zfyk a&m[dwfESifh qdkifí okH;onf/ ¤if;pum;vkH;udkyif c&pfawmf\
trIaqmif&Gufjcif;twGuf a[jAJ 8;2ü okH;onf/ aygonf rdrdudk,f rdrd wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifxHodkY qufuyfonfh ,Zfyka&m[dwftjzpf (zd 2;17) olYudk,fol ½Ijrifum? ¤if;tvkyfrSm tpöa&;\
wm0efjzpfonf/ (xGuf 19;5-6/ a[&Sm 66;20)/ þ{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; tvkyfudk toif;awmftm;
tyfESif;xm;onf/ (róJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 18)/ toif;awmfudkyif "r®a[mif;,Zf[ka&m[dwf
a0g[m&rsm;jzifh 1ay 2;5?9 ESifh Asm 1;6wdkYü ac:qdkonf/
 ]]bk & m;ocif \ {0H a *vd w &m;}} 4if;rSm a,½Ic&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; (rmuk 1;1/ a&mr 1;16/
15;19/ 1aum 9;12?18/ 2aum 2;12/ 4;4/ 9;13/ 10;14/ *vm 1;7 ... pojzifh) omvQif r[kwfbJ?
]]bk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;}} [lívnf;rSefuefpGmac:Edkifonf/ (rmuk 1;14/ a&mr 15;16/ 2aum
11;7/ 1ouf 2;2?8?9/ 1ay 4;17)/ 4if;rSmurÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6 ESifha[&Sm
,usrf;üvnf;rMumcPya&mzufjyKonfhtwdkif; (a[&Sm 2;2-4/ 51;4?5) bk&m;ocif\ESvHk;om;tvdk
jynfhjcif;jzpfonf/
 ]]oef Y & S i f ; aom0d n mOf a wmf o nf o ef Y & S i f ; apaom}} 4if;onf PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
jzpfít"dyÜg,frSm
]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhum?
qufvuffíoefY&Sif;pifMu,f
aponf}} [líjzpf\/ 4if;onfa&mrtoif;awmftwGif;*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;wif;rmrIudk
wzefay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf
tjynfht0vufcH
umoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhNyD;qufvufívnf; xdkodkYjyKaeonf[kaygvk&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjycJhonf (1aum 6;11)/
433
15;17-19 oHk;yg;wpfql\pkpnf; aomvkyfaqmifrIudkrSwfom;xm;yg/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY (i,f
17) c&pfawmftxJ(i,f17) ESifh0dnmOfawmf\wefcdk;awmftxJ(i,f19)/ aygif;pyfbk&m; (godhead)
\ yk*¾KvfoHk;yg;wdkYudkti,f 30 üMunfhyg/ ]]oHk;yg;wpffql}}[laoma0g[m& or®musrf;pmür&Sdaomfvnf;
xdktaMumif;rSm&Sdaeonf (róJ 3;16-17/ 28;19/ wrefawmf 2;33-34/ a&mr 8;9-10/ 1aum 12;4-6/
2aum 1;21/ 13;14/ {zuf 1;3-14/ 4;4-6/ wdwk 3;4-6/ 1ay 1;2/) txl;taMumif;t&m/
/oHk;yg;
wpfql - 8;11 üMunfhyg/
15;18-19 aygvkonfwyg;trsdK;rsm;tMum;rdrdtrIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif; tusdK;oufa&mufyHktrsdK;rsdK;
wkdYudkpm&if;jyKpk&mrSm (1)pum;tm;jzifh (2)tjyKtrltm;jzifh (3)edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;tm;jzifh (4)tHhMobG,f
&mrsm;tm;jzifhESifh (5)wavQmufvHk;0dnmOfawmfwefcdk;tm;jzifh/
# 5ESifhqdkifí rluGJvuffa&;usrf;wpfrsdK;taMumif; rSwfpkwpfck&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm ]]0dnmOfawmf (MS
B) ESifh qdkifonf/ tcsdKU*&drl&if;pmrsm;ü ]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf}} (MSS A.D) aygif; xnfhum
tcsdKUürI ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}} [líjzpfonf/ (MSS P46, N, D2) þodkYtrsdK;rsdK;
uGJjym;aeonfhenf;wl þjznfhpGufrI (odkY) 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaom&Sif;vif;csufuav;
xnfhoGif;csufwkdYonfusrf;ydk'f\or®mw&m;udkrxdcdkufacs/ 4if;rSmusrf;pmul;q&mwdkYonfor®m usrf;
ta&;tom;tm;tqifhjr§ifhwifay;&eftm;xkwfavh&SdMuyHkwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ UBS4 onf ]]bk&m;ocif\
0dnmOf}} tm; ]]C}} tqifh (qHk;jzwf&eftvGefcufcJ) owfrSwfonf/
15;18 ]]wyg;trsdK;om;wdkYtm;...emcHap}} bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fyef;wdkifrSmrdrd\ Muiftifvu©Pmudk
ay:vGifapaomvlrsm;jzpfavh&Sdonf/ a,½I\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf urÇmOD;ckxJuusqif;rlü
aysmufuG,foGm;cJh&aombk&m;ocif\ oP²mefawmfudkjyefvnfazmfaqmifonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh&if;ESD;
uRrf;0ifaomrdwfo[m,onfbk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaomtusifhp½dkuftm;jzifhay:vGifxif&Sm;onf/ c&pf,mef
\&nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkifrSmbk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh ,cküyifc&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf/
]]EIwftm;jzifhjzpfap? tjyKtrltm;jzifhjzpfap}} 4if;onfa&mrNrdKUc&pf,mefrsm;\emcHrIr[kwfbJaygvk
\trIawmfvkyfief;udkajymonf/ 4if;onfti,f 19 üazmfjyaom0dnmOfawmf\wefcdk;ESifh qufpyfonf/
15;19 ]]tHhMobG,f&mrsm;ESifhedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;}} þa0g[m&ESpfckwkdYrSmwrefawmf0w¬KürMumcP
twloHk;avh&Sdum (wref 14;8-10/ 16;16-18? 25? 26/ 20;9-12/ 28;8-9) {0Ha*vdw&m;ü bk&m;
ocif\wefcdk;tvkyfvkyfyHkudkazmfjyonf (2aum 12;12)/ 4if;pum;vHk;ESpfvHk;rSmt"dyÜm,fwloa,mif&Sd
onf/ twdtusrSmtHhMobG,f&m(odkYr[kwf) vlrsm;ajymif;vJoGm;Mujcif;b,f[mjzpfaMumif;raocsmacs/
aemufwzefþae&müvnf;4if;onfaygvk\wrefawmft&mESifhqdkifí wif;rmrI&SdaMumif;t&dyft>rufjy
jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ocifonfq,fhESpfyg;wkdYvkyfonfht&mudk a,½k&SvifjrdKUütwnfjyKcJhonfh
enf;wlwyg;trsdK;rsm;twGif;aygvk\tvkyfudkvnf;jrifEdkifaom edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;jzifhtwnfjyKonf/
]]c&pfawmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;udktukeftpifa[majymcJhNyD/}} 4if;rSm pleroo \PERFECT
ACTIVE INFINITIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ (ti,f 14) 4if;onfajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufa'oü{0H
a*vdw&m; a[m&ef wm0efNyD;pD;cJhNyDjzpfonf[kaygvk,HkMunfonfqdkaomoabmoufa&mufonf/
(i,f 23)/
]]£vk&dwfjynfwdkifatmif}} a&mre,fwe,fjzpfNyD;'rm&d - Dalmatia e,f[kvnf;ac:onf/ *&d
uRef;qG,f (rmau'dkeD;,m;) taemufajrmufydkif;at&pf (Adriatic) yifv,f\ta&SUzufüwnf&Sdonf/
434
þa'oüaygvkkw&m;a[mcJhaMumif; wrefawmf0w¬Kü razmfjycJhbl;aomfvnf; þae&mürlajymygonf
(20;1-2)/ odkYr[kwf ]]e,fajrü}} [kqkdvdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
15;20 ]]odkYjzifh...c&pfawmf\emrawmftm;rMum;bl;aomt&yfwkdYü {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&efjyif;jy
pGmqE´&Sdonf}} 4if;rSmwavQmufvHk;aygvk\ omoemjyKvkyfief;enf;AsL[mjzpfavh&Sdonf/ (1aum
3;10/ 2aum 10;15-16)/ olonfowif;aumif;Mum;&efESifh vufcH&eftcGifhta&;r&cJhbl;ol
omoemyvlrsm;tm;{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[majymvdkonf/ olonfr[mAsL[musaoma&mr tifyg
,mtwGif;BuD;rm;aom? NrdKUBuD;rsm;udka&G;cs,favh&Sdonf/ taMumif;rSmywf0ef;usife,frsm;üowif;
aumif;jyefYEHSapum? wynfhawmfjzpfapEdkif&efjzpfonf/
15;21 4if;rSm Septuagint \a[&Sm, 52;15 rSudk;um;csufjzpfNyD; bk&m;ociftaMumif;wyg;
trsdK;om;rsm;Mum;&jcif;taMumif;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonfþtem*wådpum;udk rdrdomoemjyK
vkyfief;\r[mAsL[mtjzpfoHk;onf/
22
þtaMumif;aMumifh oif
wkdYqDigvm&efrMumcPwm;qD;cH&onf/
odkYaomf,ckürlþe,fajrrsm;üaemufxyfe,fajr
24
pydefEdkifiH
rusefawmhojzifhoifwdkYqDvmcsifonfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;ujzpfonf/
l
odkYigoGm;onfhtcg? oifwkdYqDudkvmum? oifwkdYESifh twltawmftwefaeNyD;vQif? xdkt&yf
odkYigoGm;&mwGif oifwkdY\ulnDrI&&Sd&efarQmfvifhonf/ 25 ,ckürloefY&Sif;olwdkYudkulnD&ef
a,½k&SvifNrdKUodkYigoGm;OD;rnf/26 taMumif;rSma,½k&SvifNrdKUü oefY&Sif;olrsm;teuf qif;&J
aomolrsm;tm;rmaua'gedESifh tcg,jynfom;wdkYonftultnDay;vdkMuonf/27 [kwfyg
onf/ olwdkYxdkodkYvkyfvkdpdwf&SdMuum? olwdkYay:a<u;wifolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ taMumif;
rSmwyg;trsdK;om;wkdYonfolwdkY\0dnmOfa&;udp öudka0rQ&&SdMuonfqdkvQif? olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY
\ypönf;Opömrsm;jzifholwkdYudktvkyftauR;jyK&ef ta<u;wif&SdMuonf/28 xkdYa Mumifhþudpö
igjznfhqnf; ay;um? olwdkY\þtoD;tay:ig\wHqdyfcyfESdyfNyD;vQifoifwkdYbufvrf;udkvkduf
ípydefjynfodkYigoGm;rnf/29 oifwkdYqDigvmaomtcgc&pfawmf\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmtjynfhjzifh
a&mufvm rnfudkigod\
23
15;22 ]]þtaMumif;aMumifh}} þtaMumif;ti,f 20 ü&Sif;vif;onf/
 ]]rMumcPwm;qD;cH&onf}} 4if;rSm IMPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE
wpfckjzpfonf/ olxyfcgwvJvJwm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;cH&onf (1;13)/ taMumif;&if;razmfjyacs/
4if;rSmbk&m; ocifjzpf Edkifonf/ pmwefraumif;aomvlrsm; (odkY) tjcm;aomowif;aumif;
a[m&eftcGiahf umif;rsm;jzpfEikd o
f nf/
aygvkonfa&mrMo0g'pmudk rdrdaum&dEÅKNrdKUüaepOfa&;om;jcif;jzpfaMumif;owd&yg/ aygvkonf
rdrdpDpOfxm;aomc&D;pOfrsm;twdkif;? roGm;EdkifcJhojzifhaum&dEÅKNrdKU&Sd olYtm;qefYusifolrsm;uwdkufcdkufMu
onf/ aum&dEÅKtoif;awmftwGif;rSwdkufcdkufrIrsm;onfaygvkudktrSefyifxdcdkufoGm;onf/ rdrdc&D;pOfrsm;
xyfcgwvJvJwm;qD;ydwfyifcH&yHktm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
435
15;23 ]]odkYaomf,ckürlþe,fajrrsm;üaemufxyfe,fajrrusefawmh}} þtaMumif;udk tm&Srdkif;em;
(0g) ajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufe,fajrtjzpfa'ouefYowf&efjzpfonf/ aygvkonfþa'orsm;\ae&m
wdkif;? vlwdkif;tm;w&m;a[mcJhjcif;r[kwfbJ? a'otcsdKU? vlYtcsdKUtm;a[majymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
 ]]oifwdkYqDvmcsifonfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;ujzpf}} \/ aygvkonfa&mrNrdKUodkY oloGm;
vkdaMumif;rMumcPazmfjyonf/ (1;10-15/ wref 19;21/ 23;11)/
UBS4 \pDppfrI atmufajcrSwfpküryg0ifaom rsdK;uGJ*&dvufa&;usrf; wpfckþtcsufü&Sd onf/
*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonf MSS P46, Aleph, A, D, F, G & L wkdYü ti,f 22 üoHk;aom
]]trsm;tjym;}} (polus) pum;vHk;yg&Sdaomfvnf; MSS B, C & P wdkYü ]]tawmfrsm;rsm;}} several
(ikanos) [líyg&Sdonf/ aemufydkif; usrf;ul;q&mrsm;onfaygvk\ tvGeftuRH ajymqdkrIudk
pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf MuonfESifh wlygonf/
15;24 ]]pydefEdkifiHodkYigoGm;onfhtcg}} aygvkonfa&mrtifyg,m\ taemufbufe,frsm;odkYoGm;vdk
onf/ (2aum 10;16) wrefawmf0w¬KtqHk;wGifa&mrNrdKUütusOf;uscH&mrS olvGwfajrmufumpwkw¬
tBudrfajrmufomoemjyKc&D;pOfxGufcJhonf/ oif;tkyfMo0gpmrsm; (1wdarmao? 2wdarmaoESifh wdwk)
ukdxdkpOfua&;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tcsdKU*&dpmvHk;BuD;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh Aleph, C ESifh Latin Vulgate,
Coptic bmomjyefusrf;wdkYüþae&mwGif ]]a*gvfjynf (Gaul)}} [kyg&Sd&m 2wd 4;10 onf
þtaMumif;&nfñGef; jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ yxr&mpkrukefrDpma&;aom Clement of Rome (Ad Cor
5:7) onfrdrd\ ]]aum&dEÅKNrdKU odkYay;pm}} 5;7 üaygvkonf ]]taemufzufodkYrjzpfraeoGm;vdkonf}}
[ktcdkiftrmazmfjyonf/
 ]]xdkt&yfodkYoGm;&mwGifoifwkdY\ulnDrI&&Sd}} c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;vmolomoemjyKq&mrsm;tm;
olwdkYoGm;&eft&yfrsm;odkYtultnDay;aom toif;awmfrsm;twGif;þpum;pkrSm oHk;aeustoHk;tEIef;
jzpfvmonf/ (wrefawmf 15;3/ 1aum 16;6?11/ 2aum 1;16/ wdwk 3;13/ 3a,m6)/ a,½k&Svif
toif;awmfrSrydkYEkdifaomfvnf; taemufydkif;odkYaygvkomoemjyKc&D;oGm;jcif;twGufrIolwdkYonfaiGaMu;
axmufyHhEdkifMuvdrfhrnf/
15;25 ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkYudk ulnD&ef}} þpum;vHk;ukd &HyHkaiG&Smjcif; udpöüoHk;avh&Sdygonf/ (i,f 31/
1aum 16;15/ 2aum 8;4/9;1)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm;1;7üMunfhyg/
15;26 ]] a,½k&SvifNrdKUoefY&Sif;olrsm;teuf qif;&Jolrsm;tm; ...... ulnD}} aygvkonf þtvSL
aiGaumufcHrIudkESpfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSpí (1) *vmwdESifh tm&Srdkif;em;a'orS (1aum 16;1-4)
vnf;aumif; (2) rmaua'gedESifh tcg,jynfwkdYrSvnf;aumif; (2aum&dEÅK 8-9) &&SdvmcJhonf/
(txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Koinōnia 12;13 ü Munfhyg/) olonfxdktBuHudk tEÅDtkwfNrdKUrS&cJh
jcif;jzpfonf/ (wref 11;30/ 12;25)/ 4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmf\ awmifyHESpf&yfjzpfaom*sL;ESifh wyg;
trsdK;om;wkdYtMum;nDñGwfrItwGufulnD&efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfrsm;onfxdkodkYjyK&jcif;
tm; ]]0rf;ajrmufMuonf}} [kazmfjyonf/ (ti,f 26?27)/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ tiwfab;
1/ tzGifhrdwfquf
u/ tiwfab;onfvlom;ESifh zefqif;jcif;\usqif;aomtajctaeudktNrJowd&apaomtcsufwpf
ckjzpfonf/
436
c/
tiwfab;onfqdk;oGrf;rIESifh 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif;\rsufESmpmwpfckjzpfonf/ 4if;\taMumif;&if;
rSmbk&m;ocifaMumifhr[kwfbJ? vlom;aMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\y#dnmOfcHvlrsdK;
awmftm;qkcs&ef (0g) 'Pfcwf&efpdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&maumif;csD;r*Fvm (odkY) usdefqJjcif; tr*Fvm
udkoHk;cJhaomfvnf; (w&m;a[m 27-28) 4if;rSma,bk,stm;jzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;üxdkodkYr[kwfacs/
(róJ 5;45)/ tiwfab;onf ½kyf0g'Dvlom;rsm;\avmbESifh twåqefjcif;\tjcm;jy,k*f
wpfckjzpfonf/ tiwfab;onftpm;tpmqdkif&m jyóemoufoufr[kwfbJ vlom;rsm;\jyKrl
&jcif;\ taMumif;w&m;ESifhOD;pm;ay;t&m rsm;ESifhqdkifonf/
*/
tiwfab;onfbk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfudkjyoa&;twGufa&G;cs,fcHvlom;rsm;\tcGifhaumif;
wpf&yfjzpfonf/ toif;awmfESifh avmuBuD;\½kyfydkif;qkdif&mvdktyfrIrsm;tay:,HkMunfolrsm;
\wHkYjyefrIrsm;onf rdrdwkdYrnfoljzpfaMumif; urÇmBuD;tm;jyoonf/
2/ or®musrf;pmxJtaMumif;t&mrsm;
u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
1/ arma&S
(u) a&S;acwftpöa&;\q,fbkdYwpfbkdYtvSLay;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;oHk;ckteufwpfckrSm
qif;&Jom;rsm;twGufjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 14;28-29)/
(c) ynwådusrf;üqif;&Jom;rsm;pm;&ef txl;axmufyHhrIrsm;&Sdonf/ xGuf 23;11/ 0wfjyK
19;10/ 23;22/ w&m;a[m 24;19-22/
(*) ynwdåusrf;onf qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf wefbdk;enf;,ZfylaZmfrIrsm;txl; jyifqifay;
onf/ (0wfjyK 14;21)/
(C) tpöa&;onfr&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tay:oem;um rdrdwkdY\ pdwfESvHk;wHcg;zGifhay;&efjzpf
onf/ (w&m;a[m 15;7-11/ a,mb 29;16/ 30;25/ 31;16-23)/
2/ ynmqdkif&musrf;rsm;ü
(u) qif;&Jom;rsm;udkulnDwwfolrsm;twGufomjzpfaomtxl;aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;&Sdonf/
(qmvH 41;4)/
(c)
qif;&Jom;rsm;udk ulnDay;jcif;rSmbk&m;ocifudkulnDjcif;jzpfonf/ (okwåH 14;31/
17;5/ 19;17)/
3/
ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü
(u) vlrIa&;w&m; rQwrIESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm;oemMuifemjcif; yHkpHrsdK;jzifholUtm;
0wfjyKudk;uG,f&ef bk&m;ocifrdefUqdkonf/ (a[&Sm 58;6-7/ rdu©m6;8)/
(c) bk&m;ocif\ owif;pum;jzpfaMumif;jyoaom edrdwfvu©PmwpfckrSm4if;udkqif;&J
om;rsm;ESifh csdKUwJholrsm;xHa[majymjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 61; 1-2)
(*) vlrIa&;qdkif&macgif;yHkjzwfrIrsm;udk bk&m;ocif\ya&mzufrsm;uqefYusif½HIUcsavh&SdMu
onf/ (tmrkwf 2;6-8/ 5;10-13/ rdu©m)
c/ "r®opfusrf;
1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;
(u)
(c)
qif;&Jom;rsm;tm;ulnD&ef tBuHay;wdkufwGef;onf/ (rmuk 10;21/ vkum 3;11)/
uRefawmfwkdYtay:vlrIa&;qdkif&mpD&ifcsufonf tjcm;olrsm;ay:a,½I\emrawmfjzifh
cspfjcif;tay:tajcjyKonf/ trS437
efrSmtjcm;olrsm;udkulnDjcif;rSma,½Itm; ulnDjcif;
jzpfonf/ (róJ 25;31-46)/
(*)
(C)
rmuk 14;7 tm;a,½Ionf qif;&Jom;rsm;udk pdk;&drfaMumifhusrIcsdKUwJholjzpf
aMumif;jyorItjzpfoHk;jcif;rSm BuD;rm;vSaomem;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf
a,½Itm;rnfonfht&mESihfrQ EdIif;ír&oljzpfaMumif;jyorIjzpfum? qif;&Jom;rsm;udk
avQmhíajymjcif;r[kwfacs/
a[&Sm, 61;1-2 onfbk&m;ocif\owif;awmfudkvufcHolwkdYonfvlrIa&;t&0dkif;
y,fcHrnfjzpfaMumif;ay:vGifaponf/ (vkum 4;18/ 7;22/ 14;21)/
2/ aygvk
(u)
a,½k&SifvifNrdKUtoif;awmf&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf cspfjcif;arwåmtxl;tvSLaiG wpfrsdK;
taMumif;udkaygvkonfqD;&D;,m;jynfbEÅDtkwfNrdKUrS&&SdcJhonf/ (a&mr 15;26/ 1aum
16;1/ 2aum 8;4? 6? 19/ *vm 2)/
(c) aygvkonfaus;Zl;awmf? ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIwkdYudk tav;teufajymonf/
({zuf 2;8-10)/
3/ ,mukyf ( "r®opf\ynmusrf;)
(u) vlrIa&;odwwfjcif;r&SdbJ c&pfawmfrSwqifhbk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;rSma&m*gonfjzpf
\/ (,mukyf 2;14-17)/
(c) olajymonfrSm tusifhrygaom ,HkMunfjcif;onfaoqHk;onf[líjzpf\/
4/ a,m[ef
(u) 1a,m[efMo0gpmü tckdiftrmajymonfrSmc&pf,mefjzpfaMumif;pdwfcs&rI rSm,HkMunfjcif;
ESifh aqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzifh ajymif;vJaomb0toufwmay:tajcjyKonf[líjzpf\/
(1a,m 3;17-18)/
3/ ed * H k ; csKyf
u/
vlom;\qif;&J'ku©BuD;ESifh csdKwJhrIrsm;rSmvlom;\tjypfaMumifhjzpfonf/ tiwfab;ürsuf
ESmpmtawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/
(1) rdkufrJaom tusifhtBuH (okwåH 19;15)/
(2) bk&m;ocif\ 'PfcwfrI (w&m;a[m 27-28)/
(3) 0dnmOfa&;&m trIaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh qkdifonf (2aum 11;27)/
(4) vlrIqkdif&mtajctaersm; (avmbBuD;jcif;? t,ltqqdkif&mrsm;... pojzifh)
(5) ½kkyf0w¬Kqdkif&mtajctaersm; (tiwfab;? a&BuD;jcif;? rdkCf;oD;rsm; ... pojzifh)
c/
bk&m;ocifonf vlrsm;udktrSefyif*½kpdkufonf/ olonfcsdKUwJholrsm;udktxl;wvnf
cspfawmfrlonf/
438
*/
vufawGUaqmif&Gufaomtoif;awmfonfvlom;rsm;\vkdtyfrIrsm; (½kyfydkif;? 0dnmOfydkif;)
jznfhqnf;&mü bk&m;ocifay;aomtajzjzpfonf/
(1) vludk,fwdkif wdkuf½dkufvkyfaqmifjcif;
(2) toif;awmftaejzifh tpktaygif;ESifh aqmif&Gufjcif;
(3) tajymif;tvJjyK&ef EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;
C/ uREfkyfwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\,Ofaus;rIESifh vlwpfOD;csif;qdkif&mOD;pm;ay;rIrsm;udk wefbdk;jzwf
&mwGifor®musrf;pm\ tvif;xJ tqHk;tjzwfjyKMu&ygrnf/ (2aum&dEÅK 8-9)/
i/ uREfkyfwkdYonfjynfwGif;jynfytoif;awmfESifh avmuxJvlom;rsm;\vkdtyfrIrsm;twGuf
rdrdwdkY\ rsufvHk;rsm;? ESvHk;om;rsm;ESifh vufrsm;zGifhxm;& ygrnf/
p/ ulnDrI[lonf r[mapckdif;awmfrljcif;tvif;xJwGifc&pfawmftxJ&SdoluRefawmfwkdYESifh
qufpyfae&ygrnf/ (róJ 28;18-20)/ tultnD[lonf½kyfydkif;? 0dnmOfydkif;ESpfrsdK;
pvHk;twGufjzpf&ygrnf/
15;27 ]]qdkvQif}} 4if;rSmyxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsdK;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[k
rSwf,laomt&m odkYr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsdK;wdkYonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\
0dnmOfaumif;csD;rsm;&&SdMuonfqdkvQif (a&mr 10-11) olwdkYonf a,½k&SvifNrdKU &dSrdciftoif; awmf\
½kyfydkif;vkdtyfrIrsm;ulnDMu&rnfomjzpfonf/
15;28
NASB
]]þudpöjznfhqnf;ay;um? olwkdY\ þtoD;ay:ig\wHqdyfcwfESdyfcJhNyD;vQif}}
NKJV
]]þudpövkyfudkifaqmif&GufNyD;? þtoD; udkolwkdYxH wHqdyfcwfESdyfNyD;vQif}}
NRSV
]]þudpöNyD; atmif
aqmif&Gufum?
aumufcH&&Sdonfht&mudk
olwdkYxHtyfESHcJhNyD;vQif}}
TEV ]]þwm0efudk igNyD;pD;um? aumufcJhorQ aiGtm;vHk;olwkdYudk tyfcJhNyD;onfhtcg}}
NJB ]]okdYjzifhþudpöNyD;pD;um? aumufcHonfht &mudk olwkdYvufxJtvkyfoabmt&tyfESHcJh NyD;
onfhtcg}}
4if;rSm AORIST PARTICIPLE wpfckESifh AORIST MIDDLE PARITICPLE
wpfckjzpfonf/
txkyfwpfxkwftm;txJxnfhxm;onfht&mrsm;
vHkNcHKaMumif;aocsmap&ef
wHqyd fEydS jf cif;ud&k nfñeT f;onf/
4if;rSmay;cJhorQaiGrsm;tm;vHk;ykdumvufcH&&Sdap&efaygvkoHk;aomenf;jzpfEdkifonf/ þudpöaocsmap&ef
aygvkonftultnDay;aomtoif;awmfrsm;rSm udk,fpm;vS,ftcsdKUudkygac:oGm;onf/ (wrefawmf 20;4)/
]]wHqdyf}} taMumif;txl;taMumif;t&m 4;11 üMunfhyg/
15;29 *&dpum;vHk; Plēroō/plērōma udkjyefoHk;aMumif;rSwfom;yg/ ti,f 14 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/
 ]]c&pfawmf\aumif;csD;r*Fvm}} 4if;onf{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[mMum;jcif;? oGefoifjcif;tm;
jzifh&&Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmudk&nfñGef;onf/ 4if;onfqkawmif;csufoabmajymjcif;r[kwfacs/
þtaMumif;ydkíem;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ]]c&pfawmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;\aumif;csD;r*Fvm}} [l
aompum;pkudktcsdKUa&SUa[mif;*&drl&if;pmrsm;üjznfhpGufMuonf/
(MSS Aleph2, NKJV)
439
ydkíwkdawmif;aom rl&if;pmudk MSS Aleph*, A, B, C, D, F, G, wdkYüawGU&onf/ UBS4
onfydkíwkdaompmudk ]] A }} (aocsm) tqifhowfrSwfonf/
30
nDtpfudkwdkY? igESifhtwlBudK;pm;um? igtwGufbk&m;ocifxHqka wmif;ay;ygrnf
taMumif;? igwkdY\ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfESifh 0dn mOfawmf\cspfjcif;arwåmtm;jzifhoifwdkYudk ig
31
wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf\/ ,k'jynf&Sd remcHolwkdYvufrS igonfu,fEIw fjcif;&rnftaMumif;ESifh
a,½k&SvifNrdKUtwGuf
ig\aqmif&GufrIonfoefY&Sif;olwdkYtwGufvufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpf
32
aMumif; aocsmap&efESifh igonfbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftm;jzifhoifwkdYxH0rf;ajrmufpGmvm
a&mufum? oifwkdYESifht wlaygif;azmfjcif;tm;jzifhjyefvnftm;jynfhum? tem;&ygrnftaMumif;
33
Nidrfoufjcif;\ bk&m;ocifonfoifwkdYtaygif;ESifh twl&Sdawmfrlapownf; /
wnf;/
tmrif/
15;30 ]]igESifh twlBudK;pm;ygrnftaMumif; ... igwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf\}} 4if;wdkYrSm tm;aumif;aom
*&da0g[m&rsm;jzpfonf/ yxra0g[m&udk a*oa&SrefO,smOfü a,½IBudK;pm;½kef;uef;pOfüvnf;oHk;yg
onf/ 'kwd,a0g[m&udk 12;1 üvnf;oHk;ygonf/ aygvkonfrdrdudk,fwdkifESifh {0Ha*vdtrIawmftwGuf
vkdtyfyHkukdtav;teufcHpm;od&Sdonf/ (2aum 1;11/ {zuf 6;18-20/ aum 4;3/ 1ouf 5;25/
2ouf 3;1)/ cufcJrnfjzpfaMumif;a,½k&SvifNrdKUolYtawGUtBuHKt&aocsmaeonf/ (i,f 31)/ a&mrNrdKU
odkYola&muf&SdoGm;cJhaomfvnf;olxifcJhaomenf;vrf;rsdK;jzifhrIr[kwfcJhacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;
0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; - 9;3 üMunfhyg/
15;30-33 aygvk\ qkawmif;csufonf tvdkqEóHk;ckazmfjyonf/
1/
,k'jynf&SdolU&efolrsm;vufrS u,fEIwfjcif;&&SdEdkif&ef (wrefawmf 20;22-23)
2/
wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfrsm;rS vufaqmifudk a,½k&Sviftoif;awmfonf
aumif;rGefpGmvufcHap&ef (wrefawmf 15;1/ 21;17)
3/
xdkYaemufürl pydefEdkifiHodkYoGm;&mü a&mrNrdKUodkY oGm;a&mufvnfywf&ef/
15;30 ]]igESifhtwlBudK;pm;um}} þa0g[m&udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&mwGifomoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm sun
pum;vHk; (twlwuG) ESifh agonizomai (NydKifqdkifwkdufcdkuf? pdwfxufoefpGmtm;xkwf 1aum 9;25/
aum 1;29/ 4;12/ 1wd 4;10/ 6;12) wkdYudkaygif;pyfaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þjyif;xefaom
INFINITIVE
pum;vHk;onfwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\
tvSLudka,½k&SvifNrdKU
rdcif
toif;awmfonfvufcHEdkif&ef
aygvkESifh
twl'ku©cHum
qkawmif;&efa&mrtoif;awmftm;
ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/
15;31 ]] remcHolwdkY}} 4if;onf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\qefYusifrI (0g) *sL;bmom0ifwkdYudk&nfñGef;NyD;?
a,bk,stm;jzifh toif;awmfudk &nfñGef;jcif;r[kwfacs/ (11;30?31)/
15;32 aygvk\qkawmif;wifjycsufonf aemufxyftcsufESpfcsufjzifhtqHk;owfonf/ (1) 0rf;ajrmuf
0rf;ompGmolwkdYqDvmEdkif&efESifh (2) olwkdYESifhtwlem;em;aeae aejzpfygrnftaMumif;jzpfonf/ þpum;
vHk; (AORIST MIDDLE [Deponent] Sunanapauomai) \
SUBJUNCTIVE
udk"r®opfusrf;wGif þ ae&müomoHk;aomfvnf; a[&Sm, 11;6 ürloHk;ygonf/ aygvkonf ti,f 12
440
ü a[&Sm, 11;1?10 udkudk;um;onf/ aygvkonf&ifhusufaom,HkMunfolrsm;xHNidrf0yfpGmtem;&um?
jyefvnftm;jynfhvm&ef tcsdefwpfckvkdtyfaeygonf/ (2aum 4;7-12/ 6;3-10/ 11;23-33)
odkYaomf4if;udkolr&&SdcJh&Smacs/ zrf;qD;jcif;? ppfaq;jcif;ESifh ESpfESifhcsDumtusOf;cscH&jcif;wkdYonf
ygvufpwdkif;üolYtm;apmifhqdkif;vsuf &Sdaeygaumvm;¿
þtcef;i,fürluGJvufa&;usrf;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/
15;33 ]] Nidrfoufjcif;\bk&m;ocif }} 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ thHMop&mbGJUemrawmfjzpfonf/ (16;20/
2aum 13;11/ zd 4;9/ 1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf 3;16/ a[NAJ 13;20)/
 ]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 üMunfhyg/
þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonf
rSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onfrdrd&½Sd
aomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®musrf;pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd
\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf
onf/ 4if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\ t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;?
1/
yxrpmydk'f
2/
'kwd,pmykd'f
3/
wwd,pmydk'f
4/
---- pojzifh
1/
"r®opf,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;onfrnfodkYtusdK;&Sdoenf;¿ (i,f 4-5/ 1aum 10;6?
11¿
2/
aygvkonf ti,f 9-12 ütb,fhaMumifh"r®a[mif;usrf;udkudk;um;oenf;¿ 4if;usrf;ydk'fwkdY
onf BuD;rm;aomrnfonfh or®mw&m;rsm;oGefoifoenf;¿
3/
a&mrMo0g'\ þtydkif;wGif*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;rsm;tMum;wif;rmrI b,fae&müay:aejcif;jzpf
Edkifoenf;¿
4/
a&mrMo0g'pm\ þtydkif;wGifaygvk\ wrefawmft&m taMumif;wif;rmrI b,fae&müay:ae
oenf;¿
5/
a,½k&SvifNrdKUtoif;awmftwGuf wyg;trsdK;rsm;vSL'gef;Mujcif;twGufaygvk\ taMumif;jy
csufrSmtb,fenf;¿ (i,f 15-28)
6
aygvk\omoemvkyfief;r[mAsL[mrSm tb,fenf;¿ tb,faMumifph ydejf ynfoYkd olomG ;csif
oenf;¿
441
7/
8/
aygvkonf rdrdtvkyfrSm ,Zfyka&m[dwftvkyfuJhodkYjzpfaMumif;ESifh (i,f 16) 4if;onf ,Zfyka&m
[dwfrsm;\EdkifiHjzpfaomtpöa&;ESifhjzpfap (xGuf 19;5-6) odkYr[kwf toif;awmfESifh (1ay 2;5?
9/ Asm 1;6) jzpfaprnfuJhodkYtb,faMumifh qufpyfonf[kazmfjyMuoenf;¿
bk&m;ocifonf ti,f 30-33 uaygvk\qkawmif;csufudk tajzay;cJhygovm;¿
442
a&mr 16
UBS4
EIwfqufpum;
16;1-2
16;3-16
16;17-20
16;21-23
NKJV
ESrzdaAudk
axmufcHjcif;
16;1-2
a&mroefY&Sif;ol
rsm;tm;EIwfqufjcif;
16;3-16
uGJjym;apoludk
a&Smif
16;17-20
aygvkrdwfaqGrsm;
\EIwfqufpum;
16;21-24
bkef;awmfbGJU
aumif;csD;ay;jcif;
16;25-27
16;25-27
NRSV
EIwfqufjcif;
16;1-2
16;3-16
16;17-20
16;21
16;22
16;23
16;25-27
TEV
NJB
EIwfqufjcif;
EIwfqufjcif;ESifh
arwåmydkYjcif;
16;1-2
16;1-2
16;3-16
16;5-7
16;8-11
16;12-15
16;16
aemufqHk;rdefY
rmcsufrsm;
16;17-20
16;17-21
16;3-16
16;5-16
owday;jcif;ESifh
yxrjznfhpGufpum;
16;21-23
16;22
16;23
csD;rGrf;í
tydwfqkawmif;
16;25-26
16;27
bkef;awmfbGJU
16;25-27
taMumhvdkufzwf½Ijcif; (pm Viii ü Munfhyg)/
þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefrI tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonf
rSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onfrdrd&½Sd
aomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®musrf;pmESifh
0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;
tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/
þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd
\taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf
onf/ 4if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\ t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;?
1/
yxrpmydk'f
443
2/
3/
4/
'kwd,pmykd'f
wwd,pmydk'f
---- pojzifh
ti,f 1;27 tm;usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;/
u/
c/
þaemufqHk;ydwfu@müyg&Sdol trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;rSm {0Ha*vdw&m;ü aygvk\ vkyfazmfudkif
zufrsm;jzpfaMumif;rSwfom;yg/ (zd 4;3)/ zdaA i,f 1/ jypfudv-i,f3/ rm&d-i,f6/ ,ked-i,f
7/ w½kzJeESifh w½kazgo-i,f 12/ ay&od-i,f12/ ]]ol\trd}} i,f 13/ ,kvd -i,f15 ESifh
]]olYESr}} -i,f 15/ trsdK;orD;u@mü 0g'pGJr&SdygESifh/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;qkaus;Zl;&&Sdonf
(1aum 12;7?11)/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;tcsdefjynfhtrIawmfaqmifrsm; jzpfonf/ ({zuf 4;12)/
þpm&if;üoif;axmuftrsdK;orD;zdAd&Sdonf/ trsdK;orD;wrefawmfjzpfEdkifaomf,ked (a,m
v 2;28/ wref 2;16-21)/ þudpötm;or®musrf;pmenf;usudkifwG,f&efcufcJonf/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomfuGJjym;ae[ef&Sdaomfvnf; ESpfckpvHk;trSefjzpfaomaygvk\uGJjym;onfh 1aum 11;
4-5 ESifh14;34 wkdYuJhodkYaomazmfjyrIrsm;&Sdonf/
þemrnfrsm;üjzpfEdkifajc½SdaomrsdK;EG,fqdkif&maemufcHrsm;yg½Sdonf/
1/
,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;/
/ tmukv (Aquila)? jypfudv (Prisca)? taÈ´medwf
(Andronicus)? ,ked (Junias)? rm&d (Mary) «tcsdKUvufa&;usrf;rsm;ürd&d,HMariam»
2/
3/
a&mr*kPfoa&½Sdrdom;pkemrnfrsm;/ / jypfudv(Prisca)? trÜvd (Ampliatus)?
tayv (Apelles)? emudok(Narcissus)?,kvd(Julia)?zdavmvkyf(Philologus)
*sL;*kPfoa&½Sd rdom;pkemrnfrsm;/ /
tm&dawåmAkvk
(Aristobulus)?
a[a&m'sLef (Herodion)/
*/
ti,f 1-16onfwpfOD;csif;tm;aygvkEIwfqufpum;ajymjcif;jzpfum ti,f 17-20 rSmrl q&m
orm;twkta,mifrsm;tm;aemufqHk;ydwfowday;jcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 21-23rSm aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS
omoemjyKtzGJU\EIwfqufpum;jzpfonf/
C/ tcef;MuD; 16 tm;ydkíem;vnfEdkif&ef F.F.Bruce a&;om;onfh Tyndal New Testament
rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljzpfonf/
þtcef;MuD;ü
ygaomemrnfrsm;
Commentary
taMumif;tao; pdyfavhvmvdkygu xdkpmtkyf\pmrsufESm 266-284 üzwfyg/
i/
þMo0g'pmrnfonfhae&mü tqHk;owfaMumif;oHo,0ifp&mwcsdKU½Sdonf/ *&da½S;a[mif;vuf
a&;usrf;rsm;ütqHk;owfpum;rsm;onf tcef;MuD; 14tjyD;üjzpfap? 15tjyD;ESifh tcef;BuD; 16
tjyD;wdkYüyg½Sdaeonf/ (MS P46) rnfodkYjzpfapxHk;wrf;pOfvmtydwfpum; 16;25-27 onf
MSS ESifh P61, Aleph, B, C ESifh D wdkYrSmenf;wl Clement of Rome (A.D.95)
oHk;onfh*&drl&if;pmwdkYüyg½Sd aMumif;awGU&onf/
ti,f24onfydkíapmaom*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh P46, P61, Aleph, A, B, C
tygt0if Vulgate (odkY) Origen of Alexandria oHk;onfh*&drl&if;pmwdkUürygacs/ þuGJ
444
jym;rIrsm;taMumif; tjynfhtpHkaqG;aEG;rIudk Bruce M. Metzger \ A Textual
Commentary on the Greek New Testament. Pp.533-536 üMunfhyg/
pum;vHk;ESifhpum;pkavhvmrI
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/
/ 16;1-2
uifajcNrdKU½Sdtoif;awmf\ tapcHwpfOD;jzpfoligwdkYESr zdaAudkoifwdkYxHigaxmufcHcsuf
2
ay;\/ oefY½Sif;olrsm;\xdkufwefrIjzifh olrudkocifbk&m;üoifwdkYvufcHum? olrtwGufoifwdkY
vdktyforQüolrudkoifwdkUulnDEdkif&efjzpf\/ taMumif;rSmolronfvlrsm;pGmESifhigh udk,fwdki f
udkulnDoljzpf\/
1
16;1 ]]oifwkdYxHigaxmufcHcsufay;\}} ti,f1-2rSmoif;axmuftrsdK;orD;jzpfol zdaAtm;
axmufcHaompmjzpfonf/ olronfaygvk\þMo0g'pmudk a&mrNrdKUodkY,lvmjcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfay
rnf/ or®opfusrf;üþuJhokdYaomaxmufcHpm (odkY) rdwfqufpmrsdK;tawmfawmfrsm;rsm;yg&Sdonf/ (wref
awmf 18;27/ 1aum 16;3/ 2aum 3;1/ 8;18-24 ESifh zd 2;19-30)/
]]zdaA}} olremrnf\t"dyÜm,frSm ]]awmufyonf}} (0g) ]]ta&mifjzmxGufonf}}[líjzpf\/
NASB,NKJV ]]toif;awmf\tapcHwpfOD;jzpfol}}
NRSV ]]toif;awmf\oif;axmufwpfOD;jzpfol}}
TEV ]]toif;awmf&SdtapcHol}}
NJB ]]toif;awmf\oif;axmufrwpfOD;}}
4if;rSm diakonos ac:pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR FEMININE
yHkpHjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmtrIawmfxrf;^tapcHtwGuf*&dpum;vHk;jzpfonf/ (1)c&pfawmfü 15;8/ rmuk
10;45 wdkYüoHk; onf/ (2) aygvkü {zuf 3;7/ aum 1;23?25 ESifh (3) oif;axmuf vlBuD;rsm;tjzpf zd
1;1/ 1wd 3;11 wdkYüoHk;onf/
oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;rsm; tjzpfoHk;aMumif;taxmuftxm;rsm; "r®opfusrf;ESifh or®musrf;pm
a&;om;jyD;pD;oGm;csdefueOD;umv ta&;tom;rsm;üawGU&onf/ "r®opfusrf;xJüawGU& onfha'oEÅ&
toif;awmfwGif;trsdK;orD;rsm;\ Oyrmwpf&yfudkoif;tkyfMo0g'pmrsm;&Sd ]rkqdk;rrsm; pm&if;jzpfonf/
(1wd3;11/ 5;3-16) bmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzpfaom RSV, Amplified ESifh Philips wdkYü 16;1wGif
]oif;axmufr} [kyg½Sdonf/ NASB ESifh NIV wdkYonf4if;udkatmifajcrSwfpküazmfjyonf/ NEB
onf ]]&mxl;&Sdol}} Who hold office [kbmomjyefonf/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; zdwfac:cHolrsm;?
qkvufaqmif&
½Sdolrsm;ESifh
tcsdefjynfhtrIawmfxrf;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
({zuf
4;12)
tcsdKUwdkYudkacgif;aqmifwm0eftwGuf ac:onf/ rdrdwdkY\ tpOftvmonf or®musrf;pmudk
ae&may;&ayrnf/
þueOD;oif;axmufrsm;ESifh
oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;wdkYrSmtapcHrsm;omjzpfjyD;
tvkyftrIaqmift&m½Sdrsm;r[kwfMuacs/
M. R.Vincent \ Word Studies, twGJ 2? pm 752 ESifh 1196 ü
ajymonfrSm'kwd,&mpkaemuf
ydkif;
(odkY)
wwd,&mpktapmydkif;umv
wrefawmfrsm;\
445
tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'-Apostolical Constitutions ütoif; awmfudkulnDaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;\wm0efESifh
cefYtyfjcif;udkazmfjyonf/
1/
;axmuftrsd/ K;orD
txl;taMumif
;oif
t&m/
or®;mrsm;
usrf;pmxJutrsdK;orD;rsm;
2/
rk
q
d
k
;
rrsm;(1wd
3;11/5;9-10)
1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;
3/ u/ xH
tysd
Kpif;pOf
rsm;(wref
21;9
fh 1aum
7;34)vnf
EdkidkYrfoSwnff,/lonf/
k;wrf
vmtm;jzif
htrsdESKi;orD
;rsm;ud
kypönf;Opö;mjzpf
uJho
yg0ifaomwm0ef
(1)rsm; ypönf;Opömpm&if;üyg0ifonf (xGuf 20;17)
1/ (2)
vlemrsm;jyKpk
a&SrsdmKuf
jcif;rsm;tm;jyKrl
;
uReft
;orD
qufqHjcif; (xGuf 21;7-11)
2/ (3)
udk,fcE¨trsd
mtm;jzif
h
ñ
S
i
f
;
yef
;
ES
d
y
f
p
uf
c
H
o
apmifa&Smuf&jSdo
ciflt; rsdK;om;
K;orD;rsm;jyKaomuwdopölrmsm;tm;jyKpk
udkvlrIa&;t&wm0ef
3/
,HkMunfonf
jcif;zaMumif
rsm;udkaxmif30)
0ifpmawGUjcif;
sufodrhtf;EdusOf
kifo;usol
nf/ (awmvnf
4/ (4)
,HkMunftrsd
olt
opf;rsm;rS
rsm;ukmdo
ifjcifod
; rf;ydkufaomvufOpömrsm; enf;wljzpfonf/
K;orD
ppfGeyfo
GJrsm;rS
5/
trsdK;orD
;rsm;udkESpfjcif;ay;&mwGifulnDay;jcif;
(w&m;a[m20;10-14/21;10-14)
6/c/ tcsdKUtrsd
K;orD
;0ifohtlrjyef
sm;ud
uDe;Muyf
jcif; donf/
vuf
awG;oif
Utm;jzif
tkBvS
foabm&S
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
a,musfm;? rdef;rbk&m;ocif\oP²meftwdkif;zefqif;onf/(urÇmOD;1;26-27)
zcifESifh rdcifudk *kPfjyKyg/ (xGuf 20;12/ w&m;a[m 5;16)
zcifESifh rdcifudk av;pm;yg/ (0wfjyK 19;3/ 20;9)
a,musfm;rsm;enf;wl rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;bk&m;ociftwGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;
aomemZ&dvljzpfapEdkifonf/ (awmvnf6;1-2)
rdcifrsm;ü tarGqufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ (awmvnf 27;1-11
y#dnmOfw&m;ü yg0ifMuonf/ (w&m;a[m29;10-12)
zcifenf;wl rdcif\ oGefoifrIvdkufemyg/ (okwåH 1;8/ 6;20)
(8)
a[ref\om;rsm;ESifhorD;rsm;onf (av0drdom;pk) AdrmefawmftwGif;aw;
*DwbufüOD;aqmifMuonf/ (1&m 25;5-6)
(9)
uyfumvopfüom;rsm;ESifh orD;rsm;ya&mzufjyKa[m ajymMuvdrfhrnf/
(a,mv 2;28-29)
*/ acgif;aqmiftrsdK;orD;rsm;
(1)
arma&S\nDr rd&d,Hudkya&mzufr[kac:onf/ (xGuf 15;20-21/ rdu©m 6;4 udk
vnfMunfhyg/)
(2)
wJawmfüoHk;aom ypönf;rsm;&ufvkyf&ef trsdK;orD;rsm;udkbk&m;ocif uRrf;usifrI
ay;onf (xGuf 35;25-26)/
(3)
trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfol a'aAm&onfvnf;ya&mzuf trsdK;orD;jzpfum (w&m;
4;4?5/ 5;7) tpöa&;trsdK;tm;vHk;acgif;aqmifrIay;oGm;cJhonf/ (w&m; 4;4-5/
5;7)/
(4)
[dk'vonf ya&mzufrwpfOD;jzpfum topfawGU&Sdaom]]ynwådusrf;}} udkzwfí
teufjyef&efbk&ifBuD;a,m&Sdqifhac:jcif;cH&onf/ (4"r® 22;14/ 2&m 34;22-27)
446
(5)
bk&m;w&m;MunfndKol rdzk&m;BuD;{owmonfyg&Sm; (tD&ef) tifyg,m&Sd*sL;
rsm;&Sdu,fwifonf/
2/ "r®opfusrf;
u/ *sL;bmomüjzpfap *&d-a&mrurÇmüjzpfaptrsdK;orD;wdkYonf tcGifhta&;tenf;tusOf;om&
aom'kwd,wef;pm;EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfonf/(raua'gedrSvTJvQif)
c/ acgif;aqmifvkyfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;
1/ bk&m;w&m;Munfol{vdZbufESihfrm&dwkdY ESpfOD;pvHk;bk&m;ociftokH;jyKonf/(vkum1-2)
2/ bk&m;w&m;MunfndKoltEéonfAdr®mefawmfü bk&m;ocifudktapcHonf/ (vkum2;36)
3/ vk'donf,HkMunfolwpfOD;jzpfum aetdrftoif;awmfwpfckOD;aqmifonf/
(wref 16;14-40)
4/ zdvpf\orD;av;a,mufwdkYrmS trsKd ;orD;ya&mzufrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (wrefawmf 21;8-9)
5/ zdaAonfuifajcNrdKUüoif;axmufrwpfOD;jzpfonf/(a&mr 16;1)
6/ jypfudv (Priscilla) onfaygvk\vkyfazmfudkifzufwpfOD;ESifhtmaygvk\q&mrjzpf
onf/(wrefawmf 18;26/ a&mr 16;3)
7/ Mary-rm&d? Tryphaena -w½kzJ? Tryphosa -w½kazg? Persis -ay&od? Julia
,kvd? Nereus -ae½k \nDr? aygvk\vkyfazmfaqmifzufawmfawmfrsm; rsm;rSmtrsdK;orD;rsm;jzpfonf/
(a&mr 16;6-16)
8/ Junia (KJV) ,kedrSmtrsdK;orD;wrefawmfwpfOD;jzpfEdkifonf/ (a&mr 16;7)
9/ Euodia {a0g'dESifh Syntyche -okEÅKwfwkdYrSmaygvk\ vkyfazmfudkifzuf rsm;
jzpfMuonf (zd 4;2-3)/
3/ acwfopf,HkMunfolwpfOD;onf or®musrf;pmxJ&SdOyrmtrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk rnfuJhodkYnd§,lrnfenf;¿
u/ rl&if;taMumif;t&mtwGufomjzpfaom ordkif;0iftjzpftysuf(0g)"avhxHk;wrff;qdkif&m
or®mw&m;wpf&yfudktoif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf acwfumvwdkif;&Sd,HkMunfoltm;vHk;
twGufw&m;0ifxm0&or®mw&m;ESifhrnfuJhodkYcGJ jcm;owfrSwfrnfenf;¿
1/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aomrl&if;pma&;olonf rnfonfht&majymvdkjcif;jzpfaMummif;tm;
tvGefav;eufpGmoabmxm;&ygrnf/ or®musrf;pmonfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfxGufpum;
jzpfum? ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh usifhoHk;jcif;twGuf wpfckwnf;aomt&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/
2/ ordkif;0ifay:vGifaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk tajccHaomrl&if;pmrsm;avhvm&ygrnf/
(u) tpöa&;\bmoma&;udk;uG,fjcif;yHkpHrsm; (Oyrm-bmoma&;qif,ifusif;yyHk
ESifhbk&m;0wfjyKpmrsm;)/ (wref15/ *vm3)
(c) yxr&mpk ,k'bmom/
(*) 1aum&dEÅKMo0g'pmxJaygvk\ ordkif;0ifay:vGifaomtjzpftysufrsm;udktajccH
onfh
azmfjycsufrsm;/
(1)
rdpäm0g'jzpfaom a&mr\w&m;Oya'pepf (1aum6)
(2)
uReftjzpfqufvufaeoGm;jcif; (1aum 7;20-24)
447
(3)
vufrxyfbJaeoGm;jcif; (1aum 7;1-35)
(4)
tysdKpifrsm; (1aum 7;36-38)
(5)
½kyfwkudk;uG,f&m ,Zfaumif\tom; (1aum 8/ 10;23-33)
(6)
yGJawmfr*Fvmü roifhavsmfaomtjyKtrlrsm; (1aum11)
3/ bk&m;ocifonf wpHkwckaomaeY&ufumvüwpHkwckaom,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pH twGif;
rdrdudk,frdrd&Sif;vif;pGmzGifhjycJhonf/ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;udktav;teufjyK&rSmjzpfaomfvnf;
4if;\ordkif;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;yg0ifaomu@mwdkif;xdkodkYjyK&efr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfw&m;udkwckaomtcsdefumvü&Sdonfh ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHtwGif; touf&Sif
aexdkifolvlrsm;xHolwdkY\bmompum;jzifha&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/
(c) or®musrf;enf;us teufjyefjcif;ürl&if;pma&;ol\BuH&G,fcsufudk&Sm&rnfjzpfonf/ olYacwfolY
tcgürnfonfht&majymjcif;enf;¿ 4if;rSmaumif;rGefqDavsmfaom teufjyefjcif;\
tajccHtkwf jrpfESifh tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aom t&mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf4if;udk ,aeY uRefawmfwkdY
acwfumv twGuf toHk;jyK&ygrnf/ ,cktrsdK;orD;ESifh acgif;aqmifrIjyóem&Sdaeonf/
(þa0g[m&\ t"dyÜg,fudk teufjyefjcif; jyóemuyifowfrSwf ay;aejcif;jzpfedkifonf/ 4if;wdkYrSm
oif;tkyfq&m tjyifacgif;aqmiftjzpf jrif&aomtjcm;trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;&Sdygovm;¿ trsdK;orD;
oif;axmuf (0g) trsdK;orD;ya&mzufrsm;udk acgif;aqmifrsm;tjzpfjrif&ygovm;¿) vlxk0wfjyK
pnf;a0;rsm;ü trsdK;orD;rsm; acgif;aqmifjcif; rjyK&aMumif; 1aum 14;34-35 ESifh 1wd 2;9-15wdkYü
aygvk tcdkiftrmajymonfrSm &Sif;vif;vSonf/ odkYaomf,aeYumvü 4if;udk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkY toHk;jyK
oenf;¿ aygvk\"avhxHk;pH(okdYr[kwf) uREfkyf\ "avhxHk;pHon fbk&m;ocif\ EIwfxGufpum; ESifh
tvkdawmfudkwdwfqdwfroGm;apvdkyg/ aygvk\acwfumvüuefYowfrIrsm;vGefNyD;uREfkyf\ acwfumvü
rlzGifhay;rIrsm; vGef;aejcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkajympum;rsm;ESifh oGefoifrIwdkYrSmcRif; csufjzpfNyD;
yxr&mpkESpfESifh qdkifaom a'oEÅ&tajctaeESifh qdkifaom or®mw&m;rsm;jzpfygonf [kajym&ef
uREfkyftvGefyif roufrom cHpm;&ygonf/ uREkfyf\pdwf (odkYr[kwf) "avhxHk;pHtm;
0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;cHpma&;olwpfa,mufESifh ñSdEdIif;rIjyK&atmifuREfkyfrSmrnfolenf;¿
rnfodkYjzpfaptrsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrsm;&SdaeaMumif;tm;or®musrf;pmvmOyrmrsm;(aygvk\
pmrsm;üyif-a&mr16) &SdaepOf uREkfyfrnfodkYjyKrnfenf;¿ 4if;twGufaumif;aomerlemwpfckrSm 1
aum&dEÅK 11-14 twGif;vl xk0wfjyK pnf;a0;rsm;taMumif;aygvk\aqG;aEG;csufjzpfonf/ olonf
11;5 ü trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; olwdkY\acgif;udkzHk;uma[majymjcif;ESifh qkawmif;jcif;rsm;cGihfjyK onfESifh
wlaomfvnf; 14;34-35 ürlolwdkYtm;Nidrfae&efawmif;qkdonf/ oif;axmufrrsm;ESifh (a&mr 16;1)
ya&mzufrrsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf21;9) þuJhodkY uGJjym;rI&Sdaejcif;aMumifh aygvk\
rSwfcsufcsrIrsm;
(trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;uefYowfrIjyKjcif;ESifhqdkifí)
onfyxr&mpkESpf
aum&dEÅK
NrdKYESifh{zufNrdKYwdkYü
uefYowfrIjyK&efuREkfyfudk
vGwfvyfoGm;apygonf/
xkdtoif;awmfESpf
yg;pvHk;ütrsdK;orD;wdkYonfrdrdwdkYtopf&&SdaomvGwfvyfrItm;usifhoHk;&mü jyóemrsm;&Sdum (Bruce
Winter \ After Paul Left Corinth) 4if;aMumifhtoif;awmfonf rdrdwdkYywf0ef;usiftm;
c&pfawmftwGuf&&eftcuftcJawGYaponf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; ydkrdkxda&mufap&ef olwdkY\
vGwfvyfcGifhtm;uefYowf&ayrnf/ ,aeYuREkfyf\acwfrSm aygvk\acwfESifhqefYusifbufjzpfonf/
toHMunfvifyDoNyD;? avhusifhxm;aomtrsdK;orD;rsm;udkowif;aumif;a0iScGifh acgif;aqmifrIjyKcGifh
448
ray;ygu{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; uefYowfrIjyK &ma&mufEdkifonf/ vlxk0wfjyK pnf;a0;jcif;\
tqHk;pGef;aom
yef;wdkifrSmtb,fenf;¿
{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jyefYESHUa&;ESihf
wynfhawmf
jzpfapjcif;yifr[kwfygavm¿ trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrIonf bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apum
bk&m;ocif\ aus eyfrIjzpfapEdkifygOD;rnfavm¿ or®musrf;pm wpftkyfvHk;onf]][kwfuJhyg}}
[kajymae[ef&Sdygonf/
aygvkudkuREkfyfemcHvdkygonf/ uREkfyf\"r®oabmw&m;rSm rlvtm;jzifhaygvk\vrf;aMumif;
vdkufygonf/ acwfopftrsdK;orD; 0g'Drsm;\tvGeftuRHvTrf;rdk;jcif; (0g) vSnfhpm;rIuREfkyfrcHvdkacs/
rnfodkYjzpfapuRefpepfvlrsdK;cGJjcm;a&;0g'? w,loefjcif;ESifh vdifrIt&cGJjcm;rI0g'wdkY\ oifhavsmfjcif;
r&SdrIwdkYtm; wHkYjyef&mü toif;awmfrSm aES;auG;aeonf[kuREkfyfcHpm;onf/ acwfopfumvtrsdK;orD;
rsm;ay: þjypfrSm;rIrSm oifhavsmfrIr&Sdjcif;tay:wHkYjyef&müvnf;tvm;wlaES;auG;aeygonf/ bk&m;
ocifonf aus;uRefrsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;udk c&pfawmftxJvGwfajrmufaponf/ "avhxHk;pHqkdif&m
rl&if;pmtm;olwdkYudk jyefívufxdyfcwf&aom tcGifhuREkfyfrjyK&Jacs/ aemufxyftcsufwpfcsufrSmjzihf/
teufzGihfq&mwpfOD;taejzifh uREkfyfonfaum&dEÅKtoif;awmfrSmtvGefjyóemrsm;aom toif;awm
fjzpfaMumif;od&Sdygonf/
0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl;rsm;t
wif;t"r®toHk;jyKMuum?
4if;wdkYudk
*kPfazmf&efoHk;Muonf/ þudpö onftrsdK;orD;rsm;udkzrf;pm;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ xdkenf;wl {zuf
toif;awmfonfvnf; trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: tcGifhta&;,lum {zufNrdKU&Sd aetdrftoif;awmfrsm;ü
trsdK;orD;rsm;udk ukd,fpm;jyKa[maomolrsm;jzifh toHk;jyKaom rSm;,Gif;onhfq&morm;rsm;\
MoZmoufa&mufrI &Sdonf[k uREfkyf,HkMunfonf/
8/ aemufxyfzwf½Iavhvm&eftBuHjyKcsufrsm; Gordon Fee ESifh Doug Stuart wkdY\ How to Read the Bible For All It’s Worth (pm
61-77)
Gordon Fee \ Gospel and Spirit: Issues in New Testament Hermeneutics
Walter C. Kaiser, Peter H. Davids, F.F.Bruce ESifh Manfred T.Branch
wkdYa&;om;aom Hard Sayings of the Bible (pm? 613-616/ 665-667)
txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ toif;awmf (EKKLESIA)
*&da0g[m& ekklesia onf]]xJrS}}ESifh]]ac:jcif;cH&onf}} pum;ESpfvHk;rSqif;oufvmojzifh xdk
 ]]toif;awmf
}}atmuf
gtxlw
;taMumif
;t&müMunf
g/nf/ ueOD;toif;awmfü þpum;vHk;udk
a0g[m&onf
bk&m;ocif
\yac:xk
fjcif;cH&ol
rsm;[kqdkvhydko
avmuDqkdif&mtoHk;tEIef;tjzpfoabmxm;onf/ (wref 19;32?39? 41) *&dbmomjyef"r®a[mif;usrf;
(LXX) onf þa0g[m&udk ]]pka0;aeaom}} tpöa&; (Qahal, BDB 874, awmvnf 16;3/ 20;4/
a&mr 2;28-29/ *vm 6;16/ 1ay 2;5-9/ Asm 1;6) twGufoHk;ojzihfolwdkYonf "r®a[mif;acwfbk&m;
ocif\ vlrsdK;tquftjzpfrdrdwdkYtwGufoHk;Muonf/ olwdkYonftpöa&; topfjzpfonf/ (a&mr 2;2829/ *vm 6;16/ 1ay 2;5? 9/ Asm 1;6)/ bk&m;ocif\ wpfurÇm vHk;omoem\NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;jzpf
onf (urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6/ róJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/
þa0g[m&udkc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ESifh wrefawmfusrf;üt"dyÜm,ftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhoHk;onf/
(1) avmuDqdkif&mNrdKUwGif;tpnf;ta0; - wref 19;32?39?41
(2) c&pfawmftxJbk&m;ocif\ wurÇmvHk; uyfumvtm;vHk;NcHKaomvlrsdK;awmf róJ 16;
18 ESifh {zufMo0g'pm/
449
(3) c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfola'oEÅ&toif
;awmfwpfyg; - róJ 18;17/ wref 5;11
(þusrf;ydk'frsm;üa,½k&SvifNrdKY&Sdtoif;awmf)
(4)
(5)
tpöa&;vlrsdK;tm;wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzifh-wref 7;38 oawzef\w&m; a'oemü
a'owpfcktwGif;bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;- wref 8;3 (,k' odkYr[kwf ygvufpwdkif;)
 ]]uif;ajcNrdKY}} 4if;rSmaum&dEÅKNrdKU\ qdyfurf;ESpfckteufwpfckjzpfonf/ þNrdKUrSm ta&SUzufqdyfurf;
jzpfonf (wref 18;18) /
16;2
]]xdkufwefrIjzifholrudkocifbk&m;üoifwdkYvufcHum}}
4if;onf
prosdechomai
MIDDLE
[deponent]
SUBJUNCTIVE
wpfckjzpfum?
\AORIST
]]{nfhonfwpfa,muftjzpf oem;MuifempGm vufcHonf}} [kqkdvdkonf/ (zd 2;29)/ aygvkonf
þtrsdK;orD;udk,HkMunf pdwfcsumtoif;awmfonf olrudkvufcHí olYudk,fpm;olrudkulnDapvdkonf/
aygvkonf þpum;ajym&efvkdtyfjcif;onf "avh xHk;pHoabmjzpfaMumif;jyygonf/
 ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}} 4if;onf,HkMunfol\a,½ItxJ&yfwnfcsufomvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;w&m;ESifh
nDaomolwdkY\b0toufwmonf c&pfawmftxJrdrdwdkY\oefY&Sif;aom&yfwnfcsufudk wdk;wufay:vGif
xif&Sm;ap&efarQmfvifhonf/ þa0g[m&]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}} udktrsm;udef;jzifhomoHk;&m zdvdydÜ 4;21 ürl
tenf;udef;tm;jzifhoHk;aomfvnf;wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;tjzpfajymvdkjcif;jzpfonf/
c&pf,mefjzpfvm
jcif;rSm,HkMunfoltodkif;t0dkif;? rdom;pk? udk,fcEÅmwpfck\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvmjcif;yif/ taemuf
EdkifiHrsm;&Sdacwfopftoif;awmfrsm;ü or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m þwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;
oabmrSmwefzdk;xm;jcif;rcH&bJ&Sdae onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ oefY&Sif;olrsm;-1;7üMunfhyg/
 ]]olrtwGufoifwkdYvkdtyforQü olrudkoifwkdYulnD}} pdwfqE´jyyk'fESpfck&Sdonf/ yxrrSm
paristemi (AORIST ACTIVE) jzpfNyD;]]ulnD&eftqifoifhjzpfonf}} [kqdkvdkonf/ 'kwd,rSm
chrezo (PRESENT ACTIVE) jzpfNyD;]]vkdtyforQtultnDay;onf}} [kqdkvkdonf/(2aum 3;1)
4if;onfc&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;vmoltrIawmfaqmifrsm;\ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mvdktyfrIrsm;tm;axmufyHh
jcif;udk&nfñTef;onf/ 4if;rSmaxmufcHpmrsm;\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/

NASB,NRJV ]]vlrsm;pGm...udkulnDoljzpfonf}}
NASB ]]vlrsm;pGm...udktusdK;jyKoljzpfonf}}
TEV ]]olronf...vlrsm;pGm\rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfonf}}
NJB ]]vlajrmufrsm;pGmudkMunfh½Iapmifha&Smufoljzpfonf}}
þa0g[m& proistatis udk"r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomawGY&onf/ um,ydkif;qdkif&m odkYr[kwf
aiGaMu;tultnDudk&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/
þpum;vHk;\rl&if;t"dyÜm,frSmcsrf;om<u,f0aom
em,uvlBuD;udk&nfñTef;onf/ þzdaA (Phoebe) onfa&mrNrdKYodkYc&D;oGm;jcif;ESifh (i,f 1) vl
rsm;pGmwdkYtm;ulnDcJhyHk (i,f 2) wdkYudkaxmuf½Ijcif;tm;jzifh4if;onfolrü ordkif;0ifrSefuefrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/
450
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/
/ 16;3-16
3
c&pfawmfa,½Iü ig\vkyfazmfaqmifzufjypfudvESifhtmukvwdkYudk EIwfqufMuavmh/
olwdkYonfi ghtwGufvnfpif;cHolrsm;jzpfum igomvQifr[kwfbJwpfyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm;
5
tm;vHk;onfvnf;olwdkYay:aus;Zl;wif&SdMuonf/ olwdkYtdrfü&Sdaomtoif;awmfukdvnf;EIwf
qufMuavmh/ tm&SdjynfwGifyxrOD;qHk;ajymif;vJoljzpfNyD;? igcspfaomol {yJeufudk EIwfquf
Muavmh/ 6oifwdkYtwGuftvkyfMudK;pm;olrm&dudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 7ig\trsdK;ESifh tusOf;us
azmfvnf;jzpfoltaÈ´mEdkufESifh,kefEdkudkEIwfqufMuavmY/ olwdkYonfwrefawmfrsm; tv,fü
xifay:aMumfMum;olrsm;jzpfjyD;? ight&ifc&pfawmftxJ&Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ 8ocifbk&m;
9
txJigcspfaom trÜvdudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ c&pfawmftxJigwdkY vkyfaz:aqmifzufjzpfol
10
c&pfawmftxJppfrSefol tayavudk
O&AefESifh igcspfaomowmckudkEIwfqufMuavmh/
EIwfqufavmh/ tm&dawÅmAkvk\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;ukdEIwfqufMuavmh/ 11ig\trsdK;csif;
jzpfola[a&m'sKefudkEIwfqufMuavmh/
ocifbk&m;txJ&Sdolrsm;jzpfonfhemudok\tdrfol
12
tdrfom;wdkYudk EIwfqufMu avmh/ ocifbk&m;\tvkyfvkyfolrsm; jzpfolw½kzJESifhw½kaz:wdkY
udkEIwfqufMuavmh/ ocifbk&m;\tvkyfüMudK;pm;ol? igcspfaomay&odudkEIwf qufMuavmh/
13
ocifbk&m;txJ vufa&G;pifvlwpfOD;jzpfol½kzkESifhig\ trdvnf;jzpfololUrdcifudkvnf;
EIwfqufMuavmh/ 14 tokBudwf? Zavukef;aom&r? ywfa&mb? a[&arESifh olwdkYESifh twl
aeaomnDtpfudkwdkYudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 15zdavmvkyfESifh ,kvd?ae½kESifholYnDr?MovkrÜESi fh
16
olwdkESifh
twlaeaomoefY&Sif;oltm;vHk;wdkYudkEIwfqufMuavmh/
oefY&Sif;aomterf;
jzifhwpfa,mufESifh wpfa,mufEIwfqufMuavmh/ c&pfawmf\toif;awmrsm;tm;vHk;oifwdkY
udkEIwfqufMu\/
4
16;3 ]]jypfudvESihftmukv}} olremrnfudk,Ofaus;rIt&rMuHKpzl;pGmyifolYcifyGef;onf\a&SUüt&if
ygavh&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf 18;18? 26/ 1aum 16;19/ 2wd 4;19) olronfa&mrolaumif;rsdK;EG,f
wpfOD; (odkY) olwdkYZeD;armifESHüOD;aqmifoljzpfEdkifygonf/ aygvkESifhþZeD;armifESHwYdkrSmwJ½SifcsKyfolrsm;
(odkY) om;a&xGufypönf;jyKvkyfolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ aygvkonfolwdkYudk]]c&pfawmfxJvkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;}}
[kac:onf/ olonfa&mrtoif;awmf\tm;omcsuftm;enf;csufwdkYudkþvifr,m;wdkYxHMum;cJh&jcif;
jzpfEdkifonf/
16;4 ]]vnfpif;cHolrsm;}} 4if;rSm ]]vllowform;\ykqdef}} [laompum;vHk;rSvmaoma0g[m&wpf
ckjzpfonf/ þpum;pktm;jzifhaygvkbmudkajymvdkaMumif;rod&acs/
]]igomvQifr[kwfbJwyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm;tm;vkH;onfvnf; olwdkYtay:aus;Zl;wif&Sd}}
þvifr,m;wdkY\wuf<uaomulnDrIESifh&if;ESD;rIaMumifhaygvktvGef0rf;omtm;&jzpfonf/ olwdkY\vkyf
aqmifrIudk]]wyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;}}wdkifatmifwdk;csJonf/ tvGefjcHKikHícdkifvHkaomaus;Zll;wif
&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfomaygvk\trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;u@müolwdkY\yg0ifrIudk&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf
Edkifonf/ (wref 18;24-28)
451
16;5 ]]toif;awmf}} 4if;onf(Church) taqmuftOD;udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJvlwpfpkudkajymjcif; jzpf
onf/ xdka0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]ac:xkwfjcif;cH&olrsm;}} [líjzpfonf/ Septuagint (LXX)
ac:*&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ü þpum;vHk;tm;a[jAJa0g[m& Qahal bmomjyef&müoHk;umv]]vlpkvla0;}}
[líbmomjyefonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfonf"r®a[mif;acwfumv ]]tpöa&;vlpkvla0;}} tm;qufcHol
rsm;ESifh 4if;\NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;tjzpfolwdkYudk,folwdkY½Ijrifxm;um? cGJxGufaom*kdPf;wpf*kdPf;tjzpfrjrifMu
acs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 16;1 üMunfhyg/
 ]]olwdkYtdrfü&Sdaom}} ueOD;c&pf,mefrsm;onf aetdrfrsm;üpnf;a0;Muonf/ (16;23/ wref
12;12/ 1aum 16;19/ aum 4;15 ESifh zdavrkef 2)/ at'DoHk;&mpkrwdkifrDbk&m; ausmif;ray:ayguf
ao;acs/
 ]]{yJeuf}} þtrsdK;om;\emrnfonf]]csD;rGrf;cH&ol}}[lít"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/
 ]]yxrOD;qHk;ajymif;vJol}} olYudk 1aum 16;15 üazmfjyonfh oawzef\tdrfom;wpfa,muf
tjzpfvnf;ajymygonf/
 ]]tm&Sdjynf}} 4if;onfwl&uDEdkifiH\taemufzufoHk;yHkwpfyHkjzpfaoma&mrtifyg,m\e,fwpfe,f
jzpfonf/
16;6 ]]oifwdkYtwGuftvkyfBudK;pm;olrm&d}} olYtaMumif;bmrQrod&acs/ a&mrtoif;awmfrSom
oemjyKtrsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfEdkifonf/ tvGefaumif;jrwfol? bk&m;w&m;,HkMunfolajrmufrsm;pGmudk
uRefawmfwdkYrodcJh&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifaumif;pGmod&Sdxm;ygonf/
16;7 ]]igESifhtusOf;usazmf}} rnfonfhtusOf;usrIudk&nfñTef;aMumif; ,aeYacwfusrf;pmq&mrsm;
rodMuacs/ aygvkonfrdrd,HkMunfrIaMumifh rsm;pGm'ku©cHcJhonf/ (2aum 4;8-11/ 6;4-10/11;25-28)/
zdvdydÜNrdKU? uJó&dNrdKUESifh a&mrNrdKUwdkYüoltusOf;uscJh&mtjcm;ae&mrsm;ü vnf;tusOf;uscHcJhjcif;jzpfEdkif
onf/ ({zuf 1aum 15;32/ 2aum 1;8)
 ]],ked}} þemrnfrSmtrsdK;om; (0g) trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfEdkifum? toHxGuftrSwftom;jzifh
qHk;jzwf&onf/ *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;üuGJjym;rI&Sd&m Iounian tjzpf MSS Aleph, A,B,C,D,F,G
ESifh P wdkYü awGU&aomfvnf; toHxGuftrSwftom;rygacs/ trsdK;orD;yHkpHudk MSS B2, D2 ESifh 0150
wdkYüawGU&onf/ ueOD;ayyk&ydkufvufa&;usrf; P46 ESifhtcsdKUaom Vulgate ESifh Coptic
bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü Jerome oHk;cJhaom*&drl&if;pmrsm;rSmenf;wl Ioulian (,kvd) [líawGU&NyD;
4if;rSmtrsdK;orD;jzpfonf/ tcsdKUusrf; pmavhvmolrsm;onf4if;rSm usrf;pmul;a&;&mü rSm;,Gif;rI
jzpfonf[k,lqMuonf/ þtrsdK;orD;yHkpH udk16;15 üawGU&onf/ tcef;i,f 7 üazmfjyaomvl
ESpfOD;wdkYjzpfEdkifacs&SdonfrSm
1/ aygvkESifhtwltusOf;usaom*sL;,HkMunfolESpfOD;
2/ armifESrESpfOD;
3/ vifESifhr,m;ESpfOD;
4if;onftrsdK;orD;jzpfum ]]wrefawmf}} [laompum;onf ]]wpfq,fhESpfyg;}} wdkYtjyiftjcm;ol
tm;&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfygu þolrSmtrsdK;orD;wrefawmfwpfOD;jzpfvdrfhrnf/
a&mrpmayESifh ausmufpmrsm;ü Junias - ,kedqdkaompmvHk;aygif;rnfonfhae&mürQrawGY&jcif;
rSmpdwf0ifpm;p&mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf Junia rSmrltvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ 4if;rSma&mrrdom;pkemrnf
wpfckjzpfonf/ trIawmftxJ trsdK;orD;rsm;taMumif; ydkíod&SdEdkif &efzwfoifhaompmtkyfwpftkyfrSm
452
Linda L. Belleville a&;om;aom Women Leaders and the Church, pp.188
\atmufajcrSwfpk 42 jzpfonf/

NASB ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füxl;jcm;olrsm;jzpf}}
NKJV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füvlodrsm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf}}
NRSV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füxif&Sm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf}}
TEV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füaumif;pGmod&Sdolrsm;jzpfMuonf}}
NJB ]]xl;jcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;}}
4if;onfwpfq,fhESpfyg;wdkYudk&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifNyD;? xkdodkYjzpfygu þyk*¾KvfESpfOD;udkolwdkY
aumif;pGmod&SdMuonf/ odkYr[kwf ]]wrefawmfrsm;}} tjzpfod&Sdxm;aomtjcm;tkyfpkwpfpktm;&nfñTef;
jcif;jzpfayrnf/ (wrefawmf 14;4? 14/ 18;5/ 1aum 4;9/ *v 1;19/ zd 2;25/ 1ouf 2;6)/ þusrf;
csuft&{zuf 4;11 rSmuJhodkY tjcm;tkyfpkwpfpktm;qdkvdk&ma&mufaomfvnf;]]the }}[laompum;vHk;onf
wpfq,fhESpfyg;udk qdkvdkonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / apvTwfonf (Apostello) - 1;1 üMunfhyg/
 ]]ight&ifc&pfawmftxJ&Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfMu}} olwdkYonfaygvk\'rowfNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ray:
tawGUtBuHKrwdkifrDu,fwifjcif;&&Sdum? c&pfawmf\trIawmfüyg0ifcJholrsm;jzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/
16;8-16 þtydkif;&Sdemrnfrsm;udkusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;rod&SdMuacs/ olwdkYudkbk&m;ocifESifh aygvk
onfcspfaomfvnf;olwdkY\emrnfESifh tvkyfrsm;udk"r®opfusrf;üjzpfap? ueOD;c&pf,mefpmayrsm;
üjzpfaprSwfwrf;r&Sdacs/ a&maESmaomemrnfrsm;&SdaMumif;rSmrlodomay:vGifonf/ (1) toHk;rsm;aom
uRefrsm;emrnfrsm; (2) *kPfoa&&Sda&mremrnfrsm;ESihf (3) *sL;rdom;pkrsm;jzpfonf/ trsdK;om;? trsdK;
orD;rsm;yg0ifonf/ csrf;omaomvGwfvyfol (uRefr[kwfol) rsm;ESifh vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaomw&m;
a[mq&mrsm;yg0ifonf/ yg&Sm;jynf (tD&ef) rS EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ a,½Ic&pfawmf\ toif;
awmftwGif;twm;tqD;tm;vHk;NydKysufoGm;onf (3;22/ 10;12/ a,mv 2;28-32/ «wref 2;14-21»/
1aum 12;11/ *vm 3;28/ aum 3;11)/
16;8 ]]trÜvd}} þemrnfonfjypfudvESifh ,kedwdkYenf;wlvlodrsm;aoma&mrrdom;pkemrnfjzpfonf/
 ]]bk&m;ociftxJigcspfaom}} ]]cspfjcif;cH&ol}}- beloved a0g[m&udk crnf;awmfbk&m;onf
om;awmfa,½Iü róJ 3;17 ESifh 17;5 wdkYüoHk;onf/ 4if;a0g[m&rSma[&Sm,? tem*wdåusrf;&SdtapcH
ol\aw;oDcsif;rsm;rSbJGUemrwpfckjzpfEdkifygonf/ (róJ 12;18rSm a[&Sm, 42;1 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpf
onf)/ rnfodkYjzpfapaygvkonf4if;tm;,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajym&müoHk;onf/ (1;7? 16;8? 9/ 1aum
4;14? 17/ 15;58/ {zuf 6;21/ zd 2;12/ aum 4;7?9?14/ 1wd 6;2/ zdavrkef i,f 16)/
16;9]]O&Aef}} xdkemrnfonf ]]NrdKUjyüaeol}} odkYr[kwf ]]NrdKUüBuD;jyif;ol}} [kt"dyÜg,f&onf/
 ]]owmck}} 4if;rSm ]]tESH}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdaomemrnfwpfckjzpfonf/ þemrnfonfqDZmbk&ifh
rdom;pkESihf qufpyfaMumif;a&S;a[mif;okawoeynm&Sifrsm;awGU&SdMuonf/
16;10 ]]c&pfawmftxJppfrSefol}} tcsdKUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;\ tqdkt&olwdkYonf t&dawåmAkvk\
rdom;pk0ifrsm;r[kwfbJol\tdrfwGif;rIvkyfief;ü tvkyfvkyfoluRefrsm;udkajymjcif;jzpfonf,lqMuonf/
ti,f 11 ]]emudok\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;}} üvnf;xdkenf;wljzpfygonf/
453
 ]]t&dawåmAkvk\}} tcsdKUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm; (Lightfoot) rSef;qonfrSm þyk*d¾Kvfonf wref
12 üwrefawmf,mukyfukdowfjzwfaom a[½k'frif;BuD;\nDjzpfonf[kqkd\/ xkdtwdkif;jzpfcJhygu
{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;onf {'Hk(Edom)tEG,f0if þbk&ifhrdom;pkxJa&muf&SdjyefYESHYcJhaMumif;jyoonf/
16;11 ]]a[a&m'sKef}} olonfa[½k'frdom;pk\ uRefwpfa,mufjzpfEdkifonf/
 ]]emudok\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;}} olonftifyg,m&Sif uavm'd\vlodrsm;aomtapcHwpfOD;jzpf
Edkifonf/ xdktwkdif;jzpfcJhygu {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf a&mrbk&ifh rdom;pkxJwdkifa&muf&Sd jyefYESHYcJh
aMumif;jyoonf/
16;12 ]]w½kzJ}} þemrnf\t"dyÜg,frSm]]t&om&Sdaom}} [líjzpfEdkifonf/
 ]]w½kazg}} þemrnft"dyÜg,frSm]]El;nHhodrfarGUaomol}} [líjzpfEdkifonf/ olwdkYrSmtrTmnDtpfrrsm;
jzpfEdkifonf/
 ]]tvkyfBudK;pm;ol}} þa0g[m&onf ]]cGeftm;ukefoGm;onfhtxd}} tvkyfBudK;pm;jcif;\ t"dyÜg,f
yGm;jzpfonf/
 ]]ay&od}} 4if;onf ]]yg&Sif; (tD&ef) trsdK;orD;}} jzpfaMumif;jyonf/
16;13 ]]½kzk}} þemrnf\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]eDonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]eDaomacgif;&Sdol}} [líjzpf\/ a&mrNrdKUü
vlodrsm;aom½kzk (rmuk 15;21) qdkol&SdaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ olonfxdkol[kwfr[kwfraocsmaomf
vnf;jzpfEdkifacsrsm;onf/

NASB ]]ocifbk&m;txJvufa&G;pifwpfOD;jzpfol}}
NKJV, NRSV ]]ocifbk&m;txJ a&G;cs,fcHol}}
TEV ]]ocifbk&m;tvkyfü xl;jcm;ol}}
NJB ]]ocifbk&m;\vufa&G;piftapcHwpfOD;}}
4if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]a&G;cs,fjcif;cH&ol}} [líjzpfonf/ þpum;onf bk&m;
ocif\ac:zdwfjcif;udk&nfñTef;½Hkomru? olYtrIawmfaqmif&GufrI\ b0toufwmESifh qkdifyg
onf/ olYrdcifonfaygvktay:vnf;BuD;rm;aom arwåmjzifhjyKonf/
16;14 ]]a[&ar}} 4if;rSmukodkvfuHaumif;jcif;bk&m;\ emrnfjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmyxrwpf&mpk
a&mr? *&d urÇmü tvGeftoHk;rsm;aom uRefrsm;\emrnfjzpfonf/
16;15 ]] oefY&Sif;olrsm;tm;vHk;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/
/ 1;7 üMunfhyg/
16;16 ]]oefY&Sif;aomterf;}} rnfolonfrnfolYtm;erf;aMumifh (odkYr[kwf)rnfonftcsdef?
rnfonfhae&müjzpfaMumif; ueOD;acwfumvtaxmuftxm;r&Sdacs/ ,k'w&m;Z&yfrsm;üoHk;
aomEIwfqufjcif;yHkpHudk toif;awmfüqufvufusifhoHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfum trsdK;om;csif;ESifh trsdK;
orD;csif;yg;jyifay:udk erf;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 16;20/ 2aum 13;12/ 1ouf 5;26/ 1ay
5;14)/ 3&mpktwGif; Justin Martyr onfrdrda&;aompmrsm;rsm;ü azmfjycJhaomfvnf;? toif;
awmftwGif;þuJhodkYEIwfqufjcif;udk r,HkMunfolrsm;txifvTJrSm;ojzifhjyóemwpfckjzpfvmum?
tcsdKUtoif;awmfrsm;ü&yfwHhoGm;cJhonf/
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 16;17-20/
454
17
nDtpfudk wdkYudkigwdkufwGef;onfrSm oifwkdYcH,lcJhNyD;aomMo0g'ESifh qefYusif
vsufoabmxm;uGJvGJrIESifh taESmifht,Sufjzpfay:apolrsm;udkowdESifh Munfh½Iuma&Smif
&Sm;Muavmh/ 18taMumif;rSmxdkodkYaomolrsm;onf igwdkYocifc&pfawmf\ tapcHrsm;r[kwfbJ
rdrdwdkYvdkvm;awmifhwrI\aus;uRefrsm;omjzpfMuum?csdKomíajr§mufyifhaompum;rsm;jzifh
,HkvG,faomolwdkY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udkvSnfhpm;Mu\/ 19oifwkdU\emcHjcif;taMumif; vl
wdkif;ajymojzifh oifwkdYa Mumifhig0rf;ajrmuf\ / odkYaomfaumif;aomt&mü ynm&Sdjzpfum?
qdk;oGrf;rIütjypfuif;pifMuapvdk\/ 20Nidrf;oufjcif;\bk&m;ocifonfpmwefudk rMumrD
oifwkdY\ ajcz0g;atmufüeif;acsvdrfhrnf/ igwkdYocifa,½I\ aus;Zl;awmfonfoifwkd Y
ESifh twl&Sdygap/
16;17 þowday;csufonf þtaMumif;t&mxJrarQmfvifhbJtwif;wkd;0ifvmonfESifh wlaeonf/
odkYaomfaygvkonf vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaomtrIawmfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh 4if;wdkY\uGJjym;jcm;em;rIay:vGif
ap&efxnfhvkdufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ þq&morm;twkta,mif rsm;vkyfyHkudkifyHkpm&if;wpfck ti,f 1718 ü&Sdonf/
1/
oabmxm;uGJvTJrIjzpfay:ap&ef vHIaqmfMuonf/
2/
,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf taESmifht,Sufjzpfp&mrsm;zefwD;Muonf/
3/
toif;awmfay;cJhNyD;jzpfaom oGefoifrIESifh qefYusifaomt&mrsm;oGefoifMuonf/
4/
olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\vkdvm;awmifhwrIudk tapcHMujcif;om;jzpfonf/
5/
olwkdYonf,HkvG,faomolrsm;udk rdrdwkdY\csdKomaomajr§mufyifhpum;rsm;jzifhvSnfhpm;Mu
onf/
þpm&if;onf 14;1-15;13 üazmfjyaomtm;enf;olESifh tm;&Sdol,HkMunfolrsm;ESifhrqdkifacs/
 ]]a&Smif&Sm;Muavmh}} 4if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/
rMumcPawGU &aom taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ (*vm 1;8-9/ 2ouf 3;6? 14/ 2a,m 10)/
16;18
NASB, NRSV
TEV ]] rdrdwkdYvdkvm;awmifhwrI}}
NKJV ]] rdrdwkdY0rf;Adkuf}}
NJB ]] rdrdwdkYavmb}}
4if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]0rf;Adkuf}} [líjzpfonf/ (zd 3;19/ wdwk 1;12)/ q&mo[m
twktaumifrsm;onf t&mcyfodrf;ürdrdwkdYpdwf0ifpm;&mudkomtajcjyKMuonf/
 ]]csKdomí ajr§mufyifhaompum;}} twkta,mifq&morm;wkdYü ½kyfcE©mtm;jzifhqGJaqmifrI&Sdum?
udk,f&nfudk,faoG;xufjrufMuonf/ (aum 2;4)/ olwdkY\wifjycsufrsm;tvGefyifusdK;aMumif;qD
avsmfavh&Sdonf/ owdxm;yg! twkta,mifq&morm;rsm;udkcGJjcm;od&SdEdkif&ef or®musrf;pmenf;usppf
aq;rItcsdKUtm;jyKEdkif&ef usrf;ydk'ftcsdKUrSm w&m;a[m 13;1-5/ 18;22/ róJ7/ zd 3;2-3/ 18-19/
1a,m 4;1-3/
455

]],HkvG,faomolwkdY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udkvSnfhpm;Mu\}} 4if;onf PRESENT ACTIVE
INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? qufvufvSnfhpm;oGm;jcif;udkajymonf/ 4if;wkdYonf,HkMunfoltopfrsm;
udktEÅ&m,fay;Ekdif ygonf/ (qdk;oGrf;rIrawGUBuHKcJhbl;olrsm;)
16;19 ]]oifwkdY\emcHjcif;taMumif;vlwdkif;ajymojzifh}} 4if;onf 1;8 udk&nfñGef;jcif;jzpfonf/
4if;rSm t"dyÜg,fav;eufoGm;ap&ef wrifoufoufcsJUum;ajymqdkrIwpfrsdK;vnf;jzpfonf/
 ]]aumif;aomt&müynm&Sdjzpfum? qdk;oGrf;rIütjypfuif;pifMuavmh/}} 4if;onfa,½Iukd,fwdkif
\oGefoifrIudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ (róJ 10;16/ vkum 10;3)/
16;20 ]]Nidrfoufjcif;\bk&m;ocif}} 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ tHhMozG,f&mbGJUemrawmfwpfckjzpfonf/
(15; 33/ 2aum 13;16/ zd 4;9/ 1ouf5;23 ESifh a[NAJ 13;20)
]]rMumrDpmwefudkoifwkdYajcz0g;atmufüeif;acsvdrfhrnf/}} 4if;onf urÇm 3;15 tm;ñTef;
qdkrIwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolwkdYtm;olwdkYESifh ar&Sd,\qufpyfrIonfatmifjrifrIay;onf/ (1a,m5;
18-20)/ 4if;rSmthHMobG,f&muwdawmfESifh wm0ef0wå&m;vnf;jzpfonf/ þusrf;csufütoif;awmf
onf rdrdtm;tyfESif;aomr[mapckdif;jcif;udk ysufuGufaponfhq&morm;twkta,mifrsm;aMumifhjzpf
aom½IyfaxG;rIESifh oabmxm;uGJvGJrIrsm;\o½kyfjytjzpfpmwefudkazmfjyonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;
rsm;aemufuG,fü ewfqdk;0dnmOfqdk;rsm;&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfaptarSmifESifh qdk;oGrf;rIudk&if0,fydkufum?
4if;wkdYxJtouf&Sifaeolrsm;twGuf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onfarSmifrdkufESifh qdk;oGrf;rIudkNzdKcGif;onf/
þtaMumif;t&mtwGuf pmtkyfaumif;wpfckrSm Three Crucial Questions About Spiritual
Warfare, by Clinton E. Arnold jzpfygonf/
txl;taMumif;t&m/ / qdk;oGrf;rI\ yk*¾dKvf^yk*¾dKvfjzpfaomqdk;oGrf;rI (PERSONAL EVIL)
taMumif;&if;tawmfrsm;rsm;aMumifh 4if;rSm tvGefcufcJaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/
1/
"r®a[mif;usrf;onf aumif;aomt&m\ &efolBuD;wpfOD;&SdaMumif;azmfjyjcif;rjyKbJ/
vlom;tm;raumif;aomt&mvkyf&efajymvkduf olwdkYraumif;aMumif;pGyfpGJvkdufvkyfum
YHWH tm;tapcHoltMumif;udkomazmfjyonf/
(A.B. Davidson, pp 300-306)
2/
bk&m;ocif\&efolBuD; jzpfolyk*¾dKvftaMumif;t,ltqonf yg&Sm;(tD&ef) vlrsdK;wkdY\
bmom (Zoroastrianism) \vGrf;rdk;rIatmuf&Sd pmayrsm;jzpfaom or®musrf;pm
jyifypmayrsm;awGU&onf/ 4if;onfaemufwpfcg ,k'bmomq&mBuD;rsm;udk BuD;rm;pGmvGrf;rdk;oGm;
onf/
3/
"r®opfusrf;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;\taMumif;t&mrsm;udk tHhMobG,f&mvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;
qufvuf&ifhoefapaomfvnf; trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;a&G;cs,frIjyKonf/
qdk;oGrf;rItaMumif;tm; or®musrf;vm"r®oabmtjrifjzifh csOf;uyfavhvmygu
(usrf;wpfusrf;pD odkYr[kwf usrf;jyKol? odkYr[kwf pmaytrsdK;tpm; tvkdufavhvm um?
oD;jcm;pDtusOf;csKyfvkdufyguvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;aom qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;ay:vGifvm onf/
odkYaomfqkd;oGrf;rItaMumif;tm; or®musrf;pmr[kwfaom (0g)urÇmhbmomBuD;
rsm;odkYr[kwfta&SUwdkif;bmomBuD;rsm;tm;or®musrf;pmjyifyrSavhvmygu "r®opfusrf;tm; yg;&Sm;
vlrsdK;rsm;\ ESpfqlt,l0g' (dualism) ESifh *&d-a&mrwkdY\ 0dnmOft, 0g'rsm; vGrf;rdk;rIrsm;pGm
&dSaMumif; awGU&Sd&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmrSm bk&m;ocif\tcGifh tmPmawm fjzpfjciftay: qufuyf
456
tyfESHxm;rnfqdkvQif "r®opfusrf;udkjzpfay: wdk;wwfaom zGifhjyawmfrljcif;tjzpf ½Ijrifrnfjzpfonf/
þoabmtm; ydkrdk&Sif;vif; ap&ef c&pf,mefonf *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ '@m&DyHkjyifrsm;jzpfap?
t*Fvdyfpmayrsm;jzpfap ('efwD? rDvfwef) toHk;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ þu@mqkdif&mzGifhjyrIüzHk;uG,frIrsm;ESifh
t"dyÜg,froJuGJrIrsm;&SdonfrSmtrSefyifjzpfonf/
bk&m;ocifonfqdk;
oGrf;rI\rsufESmpmtm;
vHk;jzpfaom4if;\rlvtp?4if;\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udkzGifhjyjcif;rjyK bJ4if;\½IH;edrfhrludkom zGifhjyxm;onf/
"r®a[mif;usrf;wGif pmwef[laoma0g[m& (BDB 966) odkYr[kwf jypfwif
pGyfpGJol[kqdk&mü oHk;rsdK;om;pm;&SdyHkay:onf/
1/
jypfwifpGyfpGJolvlom;rsm; (1"r® 29;4/ 2"r®19;22/ 3"r® 11;14?23?25/
qmvH 109;6)
2/
jypfwifpGyfpGJolaumif;uifwrefrsm; (awmvnf 22;22-23/ Zm 3;1)
3/
jypfwifpGyfpGJol ewfqdk;^0dnmOfqdk;rsm; (1&m 21;1/ 1"r® 22;21/ Zm 13;2)
or®musrf;pma&;om;NyD;aemufydkif;umvü omurÇmOD; 3 ua>rudkpmweftjzpf
azmfjyvmcJhMuonf/ (ynmusrf; 2;23-24/ 2{aem 32;3) aemufydkif;ü4if;rSm &AÁdq&m
BuD;rsm;pdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fbkdY (a>r^pmwef) txdjzpfvmonf/ (Sot. 9b ESifh
Sanh.29a)urÇmOD;6&Sd bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;onf 1{aem 54;6 ü aumif;uifwref
qdk;rsm;jzpfvmonf/ &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\ "r®oabmw&m;ü olwkdYonf qdk;oGrf;rI\
rlvtpjzpfvmonf/ uREfkyf þodkYazmfjyjcif;rSm4if;onf "r®oabmw&m;t& rSefonf[k
twnfjyK&efr[kwfbJ4if;\ jzpfay:wdk;wwfvmyHkudkajymjcif;rQom jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü
"r®a[mif;usrf;xJ þvkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk aumif;uifwrefqkdif&mvkyfaqmifrI? qdk;oGrf;rI yk*¾dKvf
(pmwef)\vkyfaqmifrItjzpfazmfjyonf/ 2aum 11;3/ Asm 12;9wkdYüazmfjyonf/
qdk;oGrf;rIyk*¾dKvf\ rlvtptm; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS qHk;jzwfcsufay;&ef cufcJonf
(odkYr[kwf)rjzpfEdkifacs/(rdrdtjrifay:rlwnfonf)/
4if;\taMumif;jycsufwpfckrSm
tpöa&;\
wqlwnf;aom bk&m;0g'\ cdkifrmrIjzpfonf (1"r® 22;20-22/ a'oem 7;14/ a[&Sm 45;7/ tmrkwf
3;6)/ YHWH \twktEIdif;uif;rIESifh tBuD;jrwfqHk; jzpfrItm;jyo&ef taMumif;&if; tm;vHk;
olYaMumifhjzpfonf [kazmfjyonf/ (a[&Sm 43; 11/ 44;6? 8?24/ 45;5-6? 14? 18? 21? 22)/
&EdkiforQ taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm
(1) a,mb 1-2 üpmwefudk ]]bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;}} (aumif;uifwrefrsm;) teufü
yg0ifaMumif;awGU&onf/ odkYr[kwf
(2) a[&Sm, 14/ a,ZHausv 28 wkdYüta&SUtv,fydkif;bk&ifrsm; (AmAkvkefESifh wk½krif;)
tm;pmwef\rmefrmeudk&Sif;vif;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/
(1wd
3;6)/
þcsOf;uyfyHküuREfkyf
\pdwfrSma&maxG;aeonf/
a,Zausvonf
{'ifO,smOfudk
wk½kbk&iftm;pmweftjzpf
wifpm; azmfjy&efoHk;onf omru (a,Zausv 28;12-16) tD*spfudkwifpm;azmfjy&ef
taumif;tqdk;cGJjcm;od&Sd &mtyifudktoHk;jyKonf/ (a,Zausv 31)/ rnfodkYjzpfap a[&Sm, 14
txl;ojzifhti,f 12-14 üaumif;uifwrefwpfyg;onf rmeaxmif
vTm;rIaMumifh awmfvSe
fykefuefaMumif;tm; a&;om;azmfjyonfESifh wlygonf/ bk&m; ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk
pmwef\wdusaomobm0ESifh rlvtpudkazmfjyvdkygu xdkodkYjyK&efrSm tvGe fapGapmif;aom
457
rajzmifhwef;aomvrf;ESifh ae&momvQifjzpfacs\/
teuft"dyÜg,f yDjyifjcif;r&Sdaom? uGJjym;
jcm;em;onfh azmfjycsuftpdwftydkif;uav; rsm;qGJ,lum 4if;wkdYudkbk&m;qkdif&mya[|djyóem\
tpdwftydkifrsm;tjzpfpkpnf; wifjyaom Systemetic Theology ac:"r®oabmw&m;tm;enf;
pHepfusavhvmrlqdk aomt&mudkuRefawmfwdkYowdxm;Mu&ygrnf/
*sL;bmom&AÁdusrf;wwfq&mBuD;rsm;onf yg;&Sm;wdkY\t,l0g'ESifh rSef;qrI
rsm;\vGrf;rdk;rItvGeftuRHcHonf[k Alfred Edersheim onfrdrd\pmtkyf The
Life and Times of Jesus the Mesiah, twGJ 2? aemufqufwGJ XIII (pm 748-763)ESifh twGJ
XVI (pm 770-776) wdkYüa&;om;xm;onf/ þu@mü &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;onf or®mw&m; twGuf
rtm;udk;&acs/ a,½Ionf,k'w&m;Z&yf\ oGefoifrIrsm;rStjywfcGJxGufonf/ odemawmifay:ü
arma&S\ ynwdåusrf;tm;tyfay;&mü aumif;uifwref \Mum;cH aqmif&GufrIqdkif&m &AdÁq&mBuD;rsm;\
t,ltqESifh 4if;aumif;uifwreftm; qefYusifhtmcHjcif;onfvlom;enf;wl YHWH \&efoljzpfaom
aumif;uifwreftBuD; wpfyg;taMumif; t,ltqpwif jrpfzsm;cH&mjzpfonf[ kuRefawmf xifygonf/
yg;&Sm; (tD&ef) vlrsdK;wkdY\t,l0g'ü Ahkiman ESifh Ormaza ac:taumif;ESifh tqdk;tBuD;qHk;
bk&m;ESpfql&Sdonf/ þESpfqlt,l 0g'onf YHWH ESifh pmwef[laomuefYowfonfh
*sL;bmomqdkif&mESpfql0g'jzpfvmonf/
"r®opfusrf;ü
qd;k oGr;f rIw;kd wwfjzpfay:vmyHt
k m;zGijhf yxm;onfaMumif;aocsm
aomfvnf; &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;uJhodkY #DumcsJUjcif;rsdK;um;r[kwfacs/ 4if;\Oyrmaumif; wpfckrSm ]]
aumif;uifüjzpfaom ppfyGJ}}jzpfonf/ pmwefusjcif;onf tusdK;taMumif; oifhaom vdktyfr
Ijzpfaomfvnf; tcsuftvufrsm; twdtusrazmfjyacs/ tem*wådqdkif &mpmayrsm;ü zGifhjy ay;xm;aom
t&müyif tzHk;tum&Sdao;onf/ (Asm 12;4?7?12-13)/
pmwefonfacsrIef;cHum? urÇmajrodkYjynfESif'Pfay;cH&aomfvnf;olonf YHWH
\ tapcHtjzpftvkyfvkyfaeqJjzpfonf/ (róJ 4;1/ vkum 22;31-32/ 1aum 5;5/ 1wd 1;20)/
uRefawmfwdkYonfþu@ürdrdwdkY\pyfpkodvdkpdwfudkxdef;csKyfxm;&ayrnf/yk*¾dKvftm;jzifhjzpfaom
aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifh qdk;oGrf;rItiftm;wpf&yfwdkY&Sdonf rSefaom vnf;bk&m;ocif wpfqlwnf;om½Sdum
vlom;wdkif;onfrdrda&G;cs,frI twGufwm0ef udk,fpD&SdMuonf/ u,fwifjcif; r&rDESifh&jyD;aemufydkif;
ESpfckpvHk;ü0dnmOfwdkufyGJ½Sdonf/atmifjrifjcif;onfoHk;qlbk&m;rS wpfqifhxdkt½SifüwnfjrJaejcif;tm;jzifh
om&Edkif onf/ qdk;oGrf;rIonftEdkif,ljcif;cHcJhjyD;jzpfum? z,f½Sm;jcif;udkygcH&vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
]]igwdkYocifa,½I\aus;Zl;awmfonfoifwdkYESifhtwl½Sdygap}} 4if;rSmaygvkoHk;aeustydwfpum;
jzpfonf/ (1aum16;23/ 2aum13;24/ *v6;18/ zd4;23/ aumf4;18/ 1ouf5;28/ 2ouf3;18 ESifh
Asm22;21)/ þpmaMumif;olYvufa&;ESifha&;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ 4if;rSmola&;aompmrSefaMumif;jyaomol
enf;jzpfonf/ (2ouf 3;17?1aum 16;21?aum 4;18)
NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ /16;21
21
458
ig\trIaqmifzufwdarmaorSpí? ig\trsdK;vkud? ,mokef? aomwdyw½kwdkYudkEIwf
qufMuavmh/
16;21-23 þtcef;i,frsm;rSmjznfhpGufpmrsm;jzpfonf/ aum&dEÅKjrdKU½Sdaygvk\vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;onf
rdrdwdkYEIwfqufpum;rsm;ydkYMujcif;jzpfonf/
16;21 ]]vkud}} xdkolrSm
1/q&m0efvkumjzpfEdkifonf(aum 4;14)odkYr[kwf twGJvdku

Book of Romans Commentary -

Transcrição

Documentos relacionados

Friday, April 24, 2009

Khit Thit -24 (New).pmd - The New Age Daily Newspaper

Daily Might Book.indd

Daily Might Book.indd

Shingles Vaccine - Immunization Action Coalition

o documento PDF