book of abstracts here - Católica Porto

3rd Workshop on Efficiency and
Productivity Analysis
Book of Abstracts & List of Participants
25th September, 2009
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro Regional do Porto
Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, Porto
Organising Commitee:
Maria Conceição Portela, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro Regional Porto.
Ana Camanho, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto.
PROGRAMME
1
REGISTRATION AND OPENING SESSION (9h00-9h30)
Plenary Session
Emmanuel Thanassoulis (Aston University, UK)
9h30 - 10h10
Title: Efficiency and productivity in higher education: An assessment of administration in
universities in the United Kingdom
Plenary Session
Geraint Johnes and Jill Johnes (Lancaster University, UK)
10h10 - 10h50
Title: Strategic responses to companies’ own past performance: Why do some firms fare
better than others?
COFFEE BREAK (10h50-11h15)
Session 1: DEA theory and applications
11h15 -11h35
Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Simões, Rui Cunha Marques
Title: Measuring the performance of Portuguese major airports using non-parametric benchmarking frontier methods
11h35 -11h55
Nuria Ramón, José L. Ruiz, Inmaculada Sirvent
Title: Selecting profiles in DEA cross-efficiency evaluations
11h55 -12h15
Esmeralda A. Ramalho, J.J.S. Ramalho, P.D. Henriques
Title: Alternative regression models for explaining DEA efficiency scores
12h15 -12h35
Clara B. Vaz, Ana S. Camanho, Rui C. Guimarães
Title: The assessment of retailing efficiency using network Data Envelopment Analysis
LUNCH (12h35-14h00)
Session 2: Performance assessment in education
14h00 -14h20
António Afonso and Miguel St. Aubyn
Title: Public and private inputs in aggregate production and growth: A cross-country efficiency approach
14h20 -14h40
Kristof De Witte and Mika Kortelainen
Title: Blaming the exogenous environment? Conditional efficiency estimation with continuous and discrete environmental variables
14h40 -15h00
Kristof De Witte and Nicky Rogge
Title: Accounting for exogenous influences in a benevolent performance evaluation of teachers
15h00 -15h20
Ana Isabel Martins
Title: Measuring the efficiency of banks using a two-stage DEA model
COFFEE BREAK (15h20-16h00)
Session 3: Performance assessment of electricity distribution
16h00 -16h20
Thomas Weyman-Jones, Júlia Boucinha, Catarina F. Inácio
Title: Efficiency and productivity analysis in Portuguese electricity distribution networks
16h20 -16h40
Vera Miguéis, Ana S. Camanho, Endre Bjørndal, Mette Bjørndal
Title: Productivity change of Norwegian electricity distribution companies: A Malmquist
Index analysis with restricted weights
16h40 -17h00
João F.C. Sequeira, Sérgio P. Santos, Carla A.F. Amado
Title: Using Data Envelopment Analysis to support the design and management of technical
systems in electricity distribution
17h00 -17h20
Endre Bjørndal, Mette Bjørndal, Thore Johnsen
Title: Implementing super-efficiency in the regulation of electricity networks
DINNER (19h30-22h30)
Taylor’s Port Wine Lodges. Restaurante Barão de Fladgate, Rua do Choupelo, 250, 4400-088 Vila Nova de Gaia
2
ABSTRACTS
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Efficiency and productivity in higher education: An
assessment of administration in universities in the United
Kingdom
Emmanuel Thanassoulis, Aston University, UK.
The talk will cover the findings from an investigation into the costs of administration
of higher education in the UK. The project was commissioned by the Higher Education
Funding Council for England (2003-7) and related to an investigation of the efficiency and
productivity of administrative services in UK universities. Administration accounts for a very
significant proportion of expenditure in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the UK. In
our analysis, using data (1999/00 to 2004/5) we have found that administrative staff costs are
over 40% of academic staff costs. If one takes the primary purpose of universities to be the
creation and dissemination of knowledge, then clearly a substantial part of UK expenditure in
higher education is directed towards support rather than mainstream activities. The project
using Data Envelopment Analysis examined the scope for efficiency savings, the changes in
productivity of administrative services over time and identified role model institutions on
delivering cost-efficient administrative services.
4
Strategic responses to companies’ own past performance:
why do some firms fare better than others?
Geraint Johnes, Lancaster University Management School, UK.
Jill Johnes, Lancaster University Management School, UK.
Recent work on business strategy considers the evaluation of company performance using
frontier methods (Devinney et al., forthcoming). The present paper build on that work
to examine the extent to which company performance in one period impacts on business
practices and hence performance in subsequent periods. We investigate this using a panel
of annual data on some 4280 firms over the period 1993-2003, drawn from the Osiris data
set of Bureau van Dijk. A data envelopment analysis is conducted to evaluate the efficiency
of firms in converting inputs - in the form of shareholders’ funds, liabilities and costs - into
sales. The efficiency scores are then modelled in a random parameter framework where
one of the determinants of current period efficiency is the firm’s own lagged efficiency. In
a parsimonious model, we find that the extent to which lagged efficiency affects current
efficiency varies considerably from firm to firm. Some firms maintain a relatively constant
level of efficiency period after period, while the efficiency of other firms is much more variable
over time. Companies with extreme values of the random parameter (either low or high) are
less likely than others to have high efficiency scores. These results are used to inform a number
of qualitiative case studies of companies. Our evidence suggests that firms for which the
random parameter is high tend to be long established enterprises operating in narrowly and
clearly defined markets, and enjoying sustained periods of market stability; firms for which
the random parameter is low tend to have had a turbulent recent past involving either rapid
growth (including merger activity) or decline. Meanwhile efficiency is determined in part by
the industry and country with which a firm is associated, and also by the opportunities to
exploit scale economies.
Reference:
Devinney, Timothy M., George S. Yip and Gerry Johnson (forthcoming) Using frontier
analysis to analyse corporate performance, British Journal of Management.
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Measuring the performance of Portuguese major Airports
using Non-parametric benchmarking frontier methods
Pedro Carvalho, CESUR, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.
Pedro Simões, CESUR, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.
Rui C. Marques, CESUR, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.
Airports present, as a rule, monopolistic features and a relevant market power. Thus,
measuring their inefficiency is important for all stakeholders since it provides information
about their economic performance. Inefficiencies are as resources which remain on the table.
No one benefits from inefficiencies. This paper computes the efficiency of the Portuguese
major airports using robust benchmarking non-parametric techniques. It employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the recent methods of bootstrap and order-m to provide
robustness to the scores obtained. Therefore, the performance of Lisbon, Oporto and Faro
airports are estimated using a sample of more than 100 worldwide airports. In a period of
airport reform in Portugal where the building of a new airport in Lisbon, the privatization
of the Portuguese airport sector and a new regulatory framework were announced, it is pertinent to evaluate the performance of the most important Portuguese airports. The results
of the research are here discussed and some policy suggestions and recommendations are
provided.
Keywords: airports; data envelopment analysis (DEA); bootstrap; order-m; performance.
6
Selecting weight profiles in DEA cross-efficiency evaluations
Nuria Ramón, Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Spain.
José L. Ruiz, Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Spain.
Inmaculada Sirvent, Centro de Investigación Operativa, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Spain.
DEA cross-efficiency evaluations are based on the idea of assessing in a peer-evaluation
each of the DMUs with the weights of all the units in the sample, so that the weights each
unit uses to assess the remaining DMUs are selected by using some specific criteria. The
traditional approaches existing in the literature use criteria that lead to a choice of weights as
the result of imposing some conditions on the resulting cross-efficiency scores (see, e.g., the
benevolent and the aggressive approaches). We propose to address this problem by directly
acting on the choice of weights. We seek to avoid the unrealistic DEA weighting schemes that
are often found in practice. To be more specific, we seek to avoid the weight profiles that
are very specialized, in particular those containing zero-weights, which is an aspect of the
analysis often neglected in cross-efficiency evaluations. We propose a new procedure whose
use is illustrated with some numerical examples and a real-data application.
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Alternative regression models for explaining DEA efficiency
scores
Esmeralda A. Ramalho, Departamento de Economia, Universidade de Évora.
J.J.S. Ramalho, Departamento de Economia, Universidade de Évora.
P.D. Henriques, Departamento de Economia, Universidade de Évora.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric technique commonly used to measure the efficiency of the sampling units. Often, in a second stage, a regression model is
estimated to relate DEA efficiency scores and exogenous factors. In this paper we argue that
the traditional tobit approach for second stage DEA analysis does not define a reasonable
data generating process for DEA scores and discuss various alternative models that may be
more useful to deal with the fractional nature of DEA scores. In particular, we consider various alternative regression models appropriate to deal with fractional dependent variables,
propose some generalizations to these models, and, given that DEA scores take the value 1
with a non-zero probability, examine the use of two-part models in this framework. Several
tests suitable for assessing the specification of each alternative model are also discussed.
Keywords: Second-stage DEA, fractional data, specification tests, one outcomes, two-part
models.
8
The assessment of retailing efficiency using Network Data
Envelopment Analysis
Clara B. Vaz, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança.
Ana S. Camanho, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto.
Rui C. Guimarães, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto.
This paper describes a method for the assessment of retail store performance based on
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The assessment considers the stores as complex organizations that aggregate several subunits, corresponding to sections with management autonomy. This structure motivated an analysis at two different levels: the section level and
the store level. The performance assessment of the sections involves a comparison among
similar sections located in different stores, and evaluates efficiency spread. This is followed
by an analysis at the store level to define targets for the sections. This analysis takes into account the interdependencies of the sections composing a store, as they share limited resources
such as the floor area. This is achieved using a Network DEA model, which determines the
maximum store sales allowing for reallocations of area among the sections within a store.
The method developed is illustrated using a case study consisting of a Portuguese chain of
supermarkets.
9
Public and Private Inputs in Aggregate Production and
Growth: A Cross-country Efficiency Approach
António Afonso, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Univ. Técnica de Lisboa
Miguel St. Aubyn, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Univ. Técnica de Lisboa
In a cross section of OECD countries we replace the macroeconomic production function
by a production possibility frontier, being TFP the composite effect of efficiency scores and
possibility frontier changes. We consider, for the periods 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, one output:
GDP per worker; three inputs: human capital, public physical capital per worker and private
physical per worker. We use a semi-parametric analysis, computing Malmquist productivity
indexes, and we also resort to stochastic frontier analysis. Results show that private capital
is more important for growth, although public and human capital also contribute positively.
A governance indicator, a non-discretionary input, explains inefficiency. Non-parametric and
parametric results coincide rather closely on the countries movements vis-à-vis the possibility
frontier, and on their relative distances to the frontier.
Keywords: economic growth, public spending, efficiency, Malmquist index.
10
Blaming the exogenous environment? Conditional efficiency
estimation with continuous and discrete environmental
variables
Kristof De Witte, Catholic Univ. of Leuven, Belgium, and Maastricht Univ, Netherlands.
Mika Kortelainen, University of Manchester, UK.
The literature counts various approaches to incorporate the exogenous environment in
nonparametric efficiency analysis. In this paper, we focus on the conditional efficiency model
of Cazals et al. (2002) and Daraio and Simar (2005, 2007). The approach starts from
the probabilistic formulation of the production process and incorporates the operational
environment by conditioning on the exogenous characteristics. This conditional efficiency
approach generalizes the traditional nonparametric approaches by avoiding the separability
condition and by not requiring any specification on the direction of influence of exogenous
variables.
This paper focuses on three issues. Firstly, it considers the inclusion of both discrete and
continuous exogenous variables in the conditional efficiency framework. This paper shows
how to adapt the nonparametric conditional efficiency measures to include mixed (i.e. both
continuous and discrete) exogenous variables by specifying an appropriate kernel function
which smoothes the mixed variables. In doing so, we propose a procedure to estimate kernel
bandwidths both for continuous and discrete variables.
Secondly, we argue and show that our approach can include a number of ordered and/or
unordered categorical variables along with continuous exogenous variables even in relatively
small samples. We show that the dimensionality problem is not the case for discrete exogenous variables with compact support.
Thirdly, we present a framework to test nonparametrically the significance of the exogenous variables. We extend the Daraio and Simar toolbox for visualizing the effects of
the continuous exogenous variables to a generalized setting which allows both visualization
and statistical inference of continuous and discrete exogenous variables. For the significance
testing, we use recently developed nonparametric bootstrap-based procedures.
To illustrate our approach, we consider a couple of simulation scenarios that are similar to
scenarios already used in the literature. In addition, we illustrate the approach by assessing
the efficiency of a random sample of British 15 years old pupils (based on the PISA data
set).
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Accounting for exogenous influences in a benevolent
performance evaluation of teachers
Kristof De Witte, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
Nicky Rogge, Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel, Centre for Economics & Management,
Brussels, Belgium
Students’ evaluations of teacher performance (SETs) are increasingly used by universities and colleges for teaching improvement and decision making (e.g., promotion or tenure).
However, SETs are highly controversial mainly due to two issues: (1) teachers value various
aspects of excellent teaching differently, and, to be fair, (2) SETs should be determined solely
by the teacher’s actual performance in the classroom, not by other influences (related to the
teacher, the students or the course) which are not under his or her control. To account for
these two issues, this paper constructs SETs using a specially tailored version of the popular
non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. In particular, in a so-called
’Benefit of the doubt’ model we account for different values and interpretations that teachers
attach to ’good teaching’. Within this model, we reduce the impact of measurement errors
and a-typical observations, and account explicitly for heterogeneous background characteristics arising from teacher, student and course characteristics. To show the potentiality of the
method, we examine teacher performance for the Hogeschool Universiteit Brussel (located
in Belgium). Our findings suggest that heterogeneous background characteristics play an
important role in teacher performance.
Keywords: Teacher performance, Data envelopment analysis, Conditional efficiency, Education.
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Measuring the efficiency of banks using a two-stage DEA
model
Ana Isabel Martins, Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo, U. Algarve.
Currently facing the biggest world-wide crisis of the last 30 years, significant losses in
revenues are foreseen for the banking sector as well as an increasing competitive pressure,
which may lead to lower margins and to the increase of efficiency in order to maintain market
share.
Using data from 2007, the efficiency of the 37 major banks operating in Portugal is
evaluated through DEA methodology. We present a two-stage model for evaluating the
efficiency, specific to the banking sector, which allows to circumvent the problem of the
two existing approaches (Production/Intermediation) and incorporate variables that reflect
profitability, value creation and opportunity cost to shareholders.
It is intended to overcome the main problem associated with the banking sector, particularly regarding the classification of deposits. While in the approach based on production
deposits are considered outputs, in the approach based on the intermediation deposits are
considered inputs. In such cases, typically two-stage processes, it is usual to apply standard
DEA models to each stage. However, such an approach may conclude that two inefficient
stages lead to an overall efficient DMU with the inputs of the first stage and outputs of the
second stage. The distortion/improvement in the DEA frontier is caused by the presence of
intermediate measures.
The efficiency is analyzed using a global perspective that includes all the banks, assuming
that all have access to the same technology. Subsequent analysis is made to the efficiency
by groups based on homogeneity and risk factors, estimated separate frontiers, analyzed the
inefficiencies intra-groups and the differences between the groups.
13
Efficiency and Productivity Analysis in Portuguese
Electricity Distribution Networks
Thomas Weyman-Jones, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, UK.
Júlia Boucinha, EDP, Lisboa
Catarina F. Inácio, EDP, Lisboa
Frontier methods are very useful tools for benchmarking network activities of regulated
companies. Following a brief description of the Portuguese electricity distribution company
performance in the recent past, this paper illustrates the application of Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the company’s productivity over the last 10 years.
DEA and parametric methods (SFA) have also been used to evaluate the efficiency levels
of the different networks within the company. The paper shows how these analyses have been
used by the regulator, in order to determine the company’s overall efficiency underlying the
determination of allowed revenues for the two last regulatory periods.
14
Productivity change of Norwegian electricity distribution
companies: a Malmquist index analysis with restricted
weights
Vera Miguéis, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto
Ana Camanho, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto
Endre Bjørndal, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bergen.
Mette Bjørndal, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bergen.
In the electricity sector regulators aim to insure the reasonableness of the distributing
prices. Therefore the characteristics of appropriate regulatory models have been extensively
studied and, as a result, a variety of approaches to incentive regulation have been adopted.
Most regulators have moved away from traditional rate of return regulation to benchmarking
models based on frontier techniques.
Norwegian regulatory models are amongst the most sophisticated approaches for regulation. Norwegian electricity distribution companies are regulated by means of a yardstick
model in which the cost norms are calculated based on relative efficiency scores obtained
by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The model currently used has one input (total cost)
and several outputs rep- resenting direct measures of the production activity (transported
energy and customers), the structural conditions and the geographic context (forest, snow
and coast). In this model, large differences in shadow prices of outputs between companies
have been noticed. In addition, there seems to be a tendency for higher efficiency scores
being associated to companies with high weights on geographic factors instead of weighting
outputs representing the production activity (i.e. energy delivered or customers served).
This is unreasonable, and so the objective of this paper is to restrict the weights (shadow
prices) of the DEA model for the geographic outputs.
This paper discusses the incorporation of virtual weight restrictions for geography variables in the Malmquist index. It measures the change in efficiency and the technological
change observed in the companies, which enables testing if the regulatory objective of productivity improvement over time was achieved. This analysis reveals the performance path of
the companies over time, such that it is possible to identify the innovators, i.e. the companies
that are pushing the production possibility set to more productive levels over time.
15
Using Data Envelopment Analysis to support the design and
management of technical systems in electricity distribution
João F.C. Sequeira, EDP Distribuição, Lisboa.
Sérgio P. Santos, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Algarve.
Carla A.F. Amado, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Algarve.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been extensively used to assess efficiency at an
organizational level. Comparatively, its use as a management tool to enhance the design and
the performance of technical systems has been scarce. This paper has two aims. The first
aim is to develop an integrated DEA based performance measurement system to compare
the efficiency of electricity distribution lines and the second aim is to study the factors that
influence the efficiency of the lines. By studying in detail the ’input-output transformation
box’, this paper intends to contribute to develop an understanding regarding the technologies, processes, structures and procedures that contribute to best practice in the systems of
electricity distribution.
Keywords: Performance assessment, Data Envelopment Analysis, Electricity distribution.
16
Implementing Super-Efficiency in the Regulation of
Electricity Networks
Endre Bjørndal, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bergen.
Mette Bjørndal, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bergen.
Thore Johnsen, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Bergen.
A principal objective of the regulation is to give incentives for cost efficiency in operations
and investments, including to facilitate the best possible organization of individual companies and the industry in total. In an ideal market, with perfect competition, the company’s
revenues are determined by the cost of the ”marginal” player of the industry, adjusted for
differences in volume and product quality. The company’s relative efficiency and costs will
then determine the profitability of the company. This is perhaps the most important characteristic of an industry that is disciplined by the competitive forces; a company cannot shift
company-specific costs on to its customers, on the other hand, it will retain the advantage of
being more efficient and having lower than representative costs. Similarly, a company will be
punished for or rewarded for providing, respectively, worse than or better than representative
product quality. The market pays for what is produced, irrespective of how it is produced,
for instance with respect to company costs, the age of the production equipment, and how
operations are organized, whether outsourced or kept within the company.
Another characteristic of a competitive industry is the continual differences in efficiency
levels within the industry, so that the average, and not the best, efficiency level determines the
competitive return on invested capital. Companies that are especially efficient may generate
lasting super-profits, while inefficient companies will fail to meet the requirements, and may
be dissolved, restructured or bought by the more efficient players. Continual efficiency and
profitability differences will be reflected in corresponding differences in the market’s pricing
of the companies of equity, i.e. the equity of very efficient companies will have a high market
price compared to the book value, and the opposite for very inefficient companies.
In this paper we consider how to implement super-efficiency in a regulation model for
electricity companies. In this model, the cost norms are based on DEA cost efficiency estimates. One way of introducing super-efficiency is to measure a DMU’s cost efficiency based
on the other companies’ cost and output data only, i.e. excluding the DMU’s own observations from the data set. However, further calibration of the total industry cost norm is
necessary in order to ensure that companies with average efficiency earn the regulatory rate
of return. We use data for Norwegian distribution and regional transmission companies in
our analyses.
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
18
Abraão Luı́s Henriques da Silva
Catarina Féteira Inácio
Instituto Superior de Contabilidade
EDP
e Administração de Coimbra (ISCAC)
R. Camilo Castelo Branco, 43 - 5o
Quinta Agrı́cola, Bencata
1050-044 Lisboa
3040-316 Coimbra
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Diogo Borges
Alberto Castro
Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327
Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327
4169-005 Porto
4169-005 Porto
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Emmanuel Thanassoulis
Ana Isabel Rita Martins
Aston Business School
Escola Superior de Gestão,
Aston Triangle,
Hotelaria e Turismo
Birmingham B4 7ET
Universidade do Algarve
United Kingdom
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Ana Maria S. Camanho
Endre Bjørndal
Faculdade de Engenharia, U. Porto
Norwegian School Economics and
Rua Dr. Roberto Frias
Business Administration
4200-465 Porto
Helleveien 30
Email: [email protected]
NO-5045 Bergen, Norway
Email: [email protected]
António Afonso
ISEG/UTL
Esmeralda de Jesus A. Ramalho
Rua Miguel Lupi, 20
Departamento de Economia, U. Évora
1249-078 Lisboa
Largo dos Colegiais,
Email: [email protected]
7000-803 Évora, Portugal
Email: [email protected]
Carla Alexandra Filipe Amado
Univ. Algarve - Faculdade de Economia
Fernando Pedro Sarre
Campus de Gambelas
Rua do Calvário
8005-119 Faro
Residências do Pátio, 2o Dt.
Email: [email protected]
8135-001 Almancil
19
Geraint Johnes
Kristof De Witte
Lancaster University Management School
University of Leuven,
Lancaster LA1 4YX
Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven; and
United Kingdom
Belgium Maastricht University,
Email: [email protected]
Kapoenstraat 23,
6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
Email: [email protected]
Inmaculada Sirvent Quı́lez
Centro de Investigación Operativa,
Universidad Miguel Hernández,
Luı́sa Tavares
Avd. de la Universidad, s/n
Faculdade de Engenharia, U. Porto,
03202-Elche (Alicante), Spain
Rua Dr. Roberto Frias
Email: [email protected]
4200-465 Porto
Email: [email protected]
Joana Hora
Faculdade de Engenharia, U. Porto
Maria Clara R. Bento Vaz Fernandes
Rua Dr. Roberto Frias
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança - ESTG
4200-465 Porto
Cruzamento de Smil
Email: [email protected]
9300-855 Bragança
Email: [email protected]
José Luis Ruiz Gómez
Centro de Investigación Operativa,
Maria Conceição Silva Portela
Universidad Miguel Hernández,
Universidade Católica Portuguesa,
Avd. de la Universidad, s/n
Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327
03202-Elche (Alicante), Spain
4169-005 Porto
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
João Falcão e Cunha
Miguel St. Aubyn
Faculdade de Engenharia do Porto
ISEG/UTL
Rua Dr. Roberto Frias
Rua Miguel Lupi, 20
4200-465 Porto, Portugal
1249-078 Lisboa
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Júlia Mendonça Boucinha
Nicky Rogge
EDP
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
R. Camilo Castelo Branco, 43 - 5o
Naamsestraat 69
1050-044 Lisboa
3000 Leuven, Belgium
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
20
Nuria Ramon Escolano
Centro de Investigación Operativa,
Universidad Miguel Hernández,
Avd. de la Universidad, s/n
03202-Elche (Alicante), Spain
Email: [email protected]
Rui Cunha Marques
CESUR, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Av. Rovisco Pais,
1049-001 Lisboa
Email: [email protected]
Sofia Nogueira da Silva
Universidade Católica Portuguesa,
Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327
4169-005 Porto
Email: [email protected]
Pedro Tiago C. Carvalho
CESUR, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Av. Rovisco Pais,
1049-001 Lisboa
Email: [email protected]
Vera Miguéis
Faculdade de Engenharia, U. Porto,
Rua Dr. Roberto Frias
4200-465 Porto
Email: [email protected]
Pedro Tiago Simões
CESUR, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Av. Rovisco Pais,
1049-001 Lisboa
Email: [email protected]
Ricardo Gonçalves
Universidade Católica Portuguesa,
Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327
4169-005 Porto
Email: [email protected]
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Organising Committee:
Maria Conceição Portela
Ana Maria Camanho
Faculdade de Economia e Gestão
Dep. Engenharia Industrial e Gestão
Faculdade de Engenharia
Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Universidade do Porto
Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327
Rua Dr. Roberto Frias
4169-005 Porto, Portugal
4200-465 Porto
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
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