Epidemiologia da Endemia Chagásica no Município de João

T¡s¡s
RAN/OS JR., ALeERro Nwrcs. Epnewotaat DA
Jon Cosm, stDEsTE
D0 PuuL Bn¡s¿,
DrssrnrngÁo (lVrsmnm
Epro¡tr¡toLoen),
¡v
ENDEMTA
cnusa
N0 MUMCipa DE
Rn o¡ JnNaRo: UFRJ/NESC; 2001
Snúo¡ CoL¡rvn,
ÁREA DE
coNCENTMüo:
Onru¡¡onn; Dn¡. Dn¡l¡ lV¡uL o¡ C¡nvmuo,
Rrs urr o
Bascado na utilizagáo do cspaqo como categoria dc análisc, cstudou-sc a cpidcmiologia
da cndcmia clugásica em uma árca da rcgiáo no¡dcste, no cnto¡no do Parquc Nacional
A rcconstruqáo do cspago soci¡lmcntc orsanizado cm
aproximadamcntc 500 séculos dc ocupagáo humana possibilitou o rccouhccimeDto
dos dctcrmi¡antcs da ocon-€ncia da docnga dc Chagas. Mantcndo-sc csta pcrspcctiva
listórica, foram realizadas cntrcvistas abcrtas com antiqos moradorcs. Idcntificou-sc
como o momcnto dc maiorcs muclangas a cxploragáo do látcx ü mauigoba no final
do sóculo XIX até mcados do XX, quc amplilicou a transmissáo tlo 7 rylanosona uu¿i.
Após cstc momc¡to, o ¿\odo ntral dcscstrutum o cspago quc dctcrmiuou a ocorrincia
da docnqa. A caractcriz¡qáo da atual situáEeo da docnga foi ¡ealizad¿ nos auos dc
1999 c 2000. através dc inquóritos cpidcmiológico, clínico, clctrocardiográfico e
cntomológico, além da ataliagáo dc pcrccpgócs dos mo¡adorcs sobrc a docnga. A
prcval6ncia dc infccaáo humana pclo T. ea<i foi dc 9,9,'1,, limitada i populagáo
n¡scida entrc 1910 c 1960, pcríodo dc cxploragio da manigoba. A redugio da
transmissáo do T. crttli i antcrior, dcsta forma, ao inicio das aqócs <1o Programa dc
Controlc da Docnqa dc Chagas na árca (final da década dc l9B0). Apcsar da ausóncia
dc t¡ansmisseo adva. mantém-sc a prcscnga do Trialtna órasi1üasm como principal
\ctor, scm a prcscnqa do Trianna tnfestats. Di*utcnl-sc os possivcis fatorcs dctcrmitralrtes
c co¡dicionantcs da ocor¡ó¡cia da docnqa. salicDtando-sc as atuais mud¿ugas quc
vóm possibilitaldo a amplificaqáo dc focos dc transmissáo, bcm como a atual situaQáo
das aqócs rlc cuntrolc da docnqa rra árca.
Scrra da Capivara.
.
P,\ r.Av
s-(iH
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Docnga de Chagas,
Piauí, cpidcmiologia, inquórito
Epideni)l1gy 0f the chagas endemic in the nun¡c¡pat¡ty 0f J1áo Costa,
Piaui's Southeast, Brazil
A Bs-t R,\c I
Bascd on tl¡c utilization of rhc space likc a catcgory of analyscs, thc cpidcmiology of
Chagas cndcmy \.r'as studicd iD an arca of thc nofhcast rcgion, arotrnd Scrra da
Capir.ara National Park. Thc rcconstructioll ofthc spacc socially orp¡arúzcd in a 500
ccnturics pcriod of human occupation cnablcd thc rccognition of dctcrmrnants on
Chagas discasc occurrcncc. Kccping this historical pcrspcctir.c, opcncd iltcñiclvs
with old inhabiunts wcrc pcr{ormed. Thc cxploration of r¿¡¡f¿r¿ latcx at thc clld of
l9'r' ccnt ry and thc middlc of 20,r, ccntury was irlc¡rtificd as thc momcrt of highcst
82 -
C¡o¡nros Sarto€ CoLrÍya, Rto Dr
Jai no,
I
(l): 82.83,200.|
EprDErroLo6r^
o¡ E¡DEr¡r¡ CHAclsrcÁ r0 Mu¡rcfpro
DE J0A0 C0s¡Á,
Suo¡s¡t oo Pr¡uf, B¡¡srr
I
changes whiclr amplifrcd Trypanoson¿ ¿z¿¿'s tm¡¡smission. Aftc¡ tlús momcnt, drc
rural exodus disorganized the space that detcrmincd d¡c discasc occurrcncc. The
cu¡rcnt situation charactcrization ofthc discasc was accomplishcd in 1999 and 2000,
through cpidcmiologicnl, clinical, clccrocardiographic and cntomological inqulrics,
bcsidcs thc cvaluation ofinhabitants perccptions about thc discasc. Thc prcvalcnce of
Iruman infcction by T. uu/ was 9.9('h,limited to population bo¡n betwecn 1910 and
1960, during the pcriod of nani¡oba cxploration. Thus, thc dccrcasc of thc discasc
t¡¿nsmission by T. cru¿i is prcüous to thc bcginning of Chagas Disease Co¡rtrol
Program actions in the area (cnd of Eighties). I¡¡ spitc of activc t¡ansmissioD absc[cc,
Trhnma brasili¿n¡is is maintaincd as tl¡c main vccto¡, without thc prcscncc of Triatonn
l¿áslans. The possible factors that dcte¡mine and conditiou thc discasc occurrence arc
discusscd, pointing out thc currcnt changcs that cnablc .tl¡c tmnsmission focuscs
amplification, as r'r'ell as the cu¡rc¡¡t situatio¡ ofthc actio¡rs on drc discasc control i¡
ihat arca.
KEY woR t)s
Chagas discase, Piauí, epidemiology, suwey
i
:
i
CaoE¡¡os S^úDE CorErv^, Br0 or J¡xErFo,9 (1): 82 -83, ?001
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