docvaxtang gorgasali
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vaxtang gorgasali
saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabi J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis departamenti ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti vaxtang goilaZe vaxtang gorgasali meomris biblioTeka #11 Tbilisi 2008 Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ meTerTmete wigni; seria iTvaliswinebs wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemuli saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi. seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuli aRzrda da codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia popularuli, magram maRal profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; es patara, magram tevadi da kargad gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTa udides mefeebs: vaxtang gorgasals, daviTs, Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi warmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs, XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil qarTvel oficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio samxedro istoriis calkeul sakiTxebsa da a.S. seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro. didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelos yoveli moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns. seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rom brZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba. vaJa kiknaZe seriis saredaqcio kolegia: recenzenti: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori vaJa kiknaZe istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori Tamaz beraZe istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori mariam CxartiSvili kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lleila xurcia ydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZe redaqtori: nargiz xarabaZe teqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvili damtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo departamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias mier saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli topografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w. q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20 tel.: +995 32 91-19-83 faqsi: +995 32 91-19-83 2 Stabis vaxtang gorgaslis istoriis asparezze gamosvlisas, qarTlis samefos mezoblad sami imperia mZlavrobda. tradiciuli mowinaaRmdegeebis, sasanianTa iranisa da bizantiis garda, qarTls safrTxes Crdilo kavkasiisa da Savi zRvis mimdebare velebze axlad Seqmnili hunTa uzarmazari gaerTianebac uqmnida. centraluri aziidan wamosuli dabaltaniani, muqkaniani, didTava da uwvero dampyroblebi, romelTa agresiisagan Cinelebi didma kedelmac ki ver ixsna, aRmosavleT evropas IV s-is 70-ian wlebSi moadgnen. iq momTabare skviTur-sarmatul-alanuri tomebi daimorCiles da md. volgis dasavleTi napiridan md. dunais aRmosavleTiT mdebare velebamde hunebis imperia Seqmnes, ris gamoc, aRmosavleT evropaSi axali samxedro wesrigi damyarda. istoriis asparezze mTavarsardalTa axali saxelebi gamoCnda – erT-erTi aseTi iyo hunTa beladi atila. V s-is 40-ian wlebSi, roca vaxtang gorgasalma, Crdilo kavkasiaSi Tavisi pirveli laSqroba moawyo, evropaSi ori gamoCenili mxedarTmTavris: atilasa da romaeli sardlis aeciusis saxelebi gvrgvinavda. ai, am pirovnebaTa umcrosi Tanamedrove iyo vaxtang gorgasali. kiTxvaze, vin iyvnen dasaxelebuli pirebi? TiTqmis yvela getyviT: atila hunTa beladi iyoo (saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi aswavlidnen `atilas cxenis fexis nadgamze balaxi aRar amodiso~), aeciusis saxeli ki mxolod istorikosTa viwro wrisTvisaa cnobili. atilas saxels dideba iman SesZina, evropis ganadgurebas rom cdilobda. aeciusma ki evropa misgan ixsna. mxedvelobaSi maqvs 451 wels Crdilo-aRmosavleT safrangeTSi – katalaunis velze gamarTuli e.w. `xalxTa brZola~, sadac romaelebma da maTma mokavSireebma, aeciusis sardlobiT atilas urdoebi gaanadgures. aeciusi, rogorc md. dunais provinciebSi mosamsaxure romaeli sardlis Ze, ymawvilobisas mZevlad iyo dunais gadaRma momTabare hunTa mefis karze da barbaros ufliswulebTan – hunTa momaval mefeebTan: atilasTan da mis ZmasTan erTad izrdeboda. aeciusi SemdegSi aseTive statusiT imyofeboda germanelebTan. aeciusma am garemoSi Seiswavla ara marto am barbarosTa ena, aramed momaval mowinaaRmdegeTa samxedro xelovneba, brZolis meTodebi. amis gamo iyo, rom igi brwyinvaled axerxebda romis armiaSi myof barbarosTa marTvas. Zveli germaneli istorikosis sityviT, `aeciusi romis imperiis keTildReobisaTvis iyo dabadebuli“. 451 wlis gamarjvebis Semdeg aeciusi sasaxlis intrigebs Seewira. igi 454 wlis 21 seqtembers imperator valentinian III-is brZanebiT mokles, xolo atila 453 wels, sakuTari qorwilis Rames mkvdari naxes. 3 ase dasrulda vaxtang mefis ori ufrosi Tanamedrovis – udidesi mxedarTmTavrebis cxovreba. am qveynidan maTi wasvlisas vaxtang gorgasals ukve araerTi brZola hqonda mogebuli. maTze aranakleb icnobda brZolis xerxebs, laSqris wyobas, uZleveli iyo orTabrZolaSi. yovelive amis Sesaxeb qvemoT mogiTxrobT. * * * vaxtang gorgasali qarTvel moRvaweTa im pleadas ekuTvnis, romelTac jer kidev Tanamedroveebma uwodes `didi~. didad, Tundac qarTvel mefeTagan, saqarTvelos istoriaSi arc ise bevri moixsenieba. vaxtang gorgasali am mxriv erT-erTi pirvelia. vaxtang gorgasali Zv. w. III saukunis damdegs, axali qarTlis samefos Semqmnelisa da farnavazianTa samefo dinastiis damaarseblis – farnavazis erT-erTi gamoCenili STamomavali iyo. vaxtang mefis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, ZiriTadad, mis Tanadroulad Seqmnili saistorio Txzulebidan (mas `cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~ ewodeba) viciT. am Txzulebis avtorad vaxtangis spaspeti – juanSer juanSeriani iTvleba. vaxtangis `cxovrebam~ XI saukuneSi garkveuli redaqciuli cvlileba ganicada, ris Sedegadac, vaxtang gorgaslis pirovneba legendaruli elferiT Seimosa. mis `cxovrebaSi~ araerTi legendaruli ambavi iqna CarTuli, rac Semdegma garemoebam ganapiroba: miuxedavad imisa, rom XI saukuneSi vaxtang gorgaslis moRvaweobis droidan 500 meti weli iyo gasuli, vaxtang gorgaslis pirovnebisadmi interesi, pativiscema da siyvaruli mainc didi iyo. aseTi pativiscemisaTvis qarTlis samefos dedaqalaqad Tbilisis gamosacxadeblad dawyebuli saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebic kmaroda. iranelebTan brZolisas sasikvdilo Wrilobis miRebis gamo, marTalia, vaxtang mefem am didi saxelmwifoebrivi saqmis damTavreba ver moaswro, samuSaoebi `daCi mefem ganasrula~ da `viTar ebrZana vaxtangs, igi (Tbilisi v.g.) Seqmna saxlad samefod~, qarTuli saistorio tradicia vaxtang gorgasals mainc Tbilisis damaarseblad Tvlis. ra Tqma unda, mefe, romlis saxeli qveynis dedaqalaqis daarsebas ukavSirdeba, qarTveli xalxis TvalSi adreve SaravandediT Seimoseboda. amitom, cxadia, im istoriul pirTa Soris, romelnic saqarTvelos gmirul warsuls amSveneben, vaxtang gorgasals erT-erTi sapatio adgili ukavia. qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da qarTveli xalxis winaSe udidesi Rvawlis gamo, vaxtang gorgaslis saxeli adridanve SaravandediT rom Seimosa, SemTxveviTi ar iyo. 4 qarTveli xalxis winaSe vaxtang gogaslis Rvawli da damsaxureba, ra Tqma unda, mxolod aRniSnuliT ar ganisazRvreba. XI saukunis II naxevarSi, roca vaxtangis `cxovrebaSi~ legendaruli ambebi CarTes, mematianeebma kargad icodnen misi didi damsaxureba qarTveli xalxis winaSe: brZola iraneli dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg; romaelTagan mitacebuli Zveli qarTuli miwebis dabruneba; antiiranuli ajanyeba 482-484 wlebSi; qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis (damoukideblobis) mopoveba da axali saepiskoposoebis daarseba; didi saero (qalaqebis: artanuji, ujarma, Tbilisi da sxva) da saeklesio (sveticxoveli, ninowmida, niqozi, nekresi da sxva) mSenebloba. vaxtang gorgasali, Tavisi droisaTvis uZleveli mebrZoli da gamoCenili sardali, qarTveli mxedrobiT, iranis Sahebis moTxovniT, monawileobda bizantiis winaaRmdeg omebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi, Sua aziaSi, indoeTSi da abaSeTSi* ebrZoda hunebs, romlebic im xanad iranis imperiisaTvis yvelaze Zlier da saSiS mowinaaRmdegeebs warmoadgendnen (Crdilo kavkasiis mimdebare da Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare velebze momTabare hun-TurqTa Zlieri gaerTianebebisaTvis darialis karis Caketva iranis Sahebis mier, erTxans, swored qarTvelebs hqondaT davalebuli). rac mTavaria, vaxtang gorgasalis sardlobiT qarTvelTa monawileoba iranis mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolebSi SahebisaTvis xSirad gadamwyveti gamarjvebis momtani iyo. vaxtang gorgasali didi figura da gamoCenili pirovneba rom iyo maSindel saerTaSoriso asparezze, es iqidanac Cans, rom masTan danaTesavebas eswrafvodnen ara marto bizantiis imperatorebi, aramed qarTlis samefos maSindeli siuzerenni – iranis Sahebic ki. maT kargad icodnen, aseTi danaTesaveba garkveulad vaxtangis politikur orientaciasac gansazRvravda. iranelebTan `iorsa zeda~ brZolaSi vaxtang gorgaslis sasikvdilod daWrisa da ujarmaSi gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi STamomavlobis zeobis xanaSi qarTlis samefom jer 482-484 wlebis antiiranuli ajanyebis Sedegad mopovebuli SeRavaTebi dakarga, Semdeg, daaxloebiT 537 wels iranis Sahin-Sahma xosro I-ma sasanianma (531-579 ww.) (misi zedwodeba iyo `anuSirvani~, rac qarTulad `ukvdav suls~ niSnavs) qarTlSi samefo xelisufleba gaauqma. im droisaTvis ukve rvaaswliani istoriis mqone farnavazianTa samefo saxlis Camomavali – mefe bakuri xosro I-ma taxtidan gadaayena, qarTli iranis provinciad gadaaqcia. mefe bakuri iZulebuli gaxda kaxeTis mTianeTisaTvis Seefarebina Tavi. vaxtang gorgaslis Zlevamosil gamarjvebaTa Semdeg, marTalia, qarTvelma xalxma didi Znelbedoba gaiara, magram gmiri mefis Sesaxeb madlieri STamomavloba legendebs Txzavda, xolo sabrZolo droSas, abjarsa da samosels saTuTad inaxavda, uvlida. akad. iv. javaxiSvilis SeniSvniT, vaxtang gorgaslis samxedro iaraRi da samoseli Turme arsen 5 kaTalikosis (IX s.) drosac ki inaxeboda. `goliaT da ganTqmul yovelsa qveyanasa~ vaxtangis samoseli da abjari – wers arseni, _ `awca sacnaur ars~-o. saukuneTa manZilze `gorgasliani~ droSa qarTvelebs umZimesi brZolebis Jams TavianTi didi winapris sagmiro saqmeebiT aRafrTovanebda. TviT daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris brwyinvale epoqaSic ki, vaxtang gorgaslis kulti imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom `gorgasaliani~ droSa `did laSqrobaTa dros kvlav jaris win mihqondaT~. 1089 wels saqarTvelos samefo taxtze asulma daviT IV aRmaSenebelma, marTalia, axali sabrZolo droSa SemoiRo, magram did brZolebSi `gorgasliani~ droSa mainc gahqondaT. `gorgasliani~ droSa daviTis drosac isev qarTvelTa Zveli gmirobisa da vaJkacobis, mterze gamarjvebis simbolod rom rCeboda, amas ioane SavTelis (XII-XIII ss.) `abdul-mesiidan~ qvemomoyvanili strofic mowmobs: `iyvis ra zmiTa, uricxv razmiTa gulis-mdebelad TvisTa spaTaTvis, gorgasliani, daviTiani droSa iaxlis msvrelad mterTaTvis~. Tamar mefis istorikosi, `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~ avtori, sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom droSa, romelic qarTvel laSqars brZolebSi mihqonda, swored `droSa igi gorgasliani~ iyo, `romeli sindeTs SesvliTgan mospetakteboda~. qarTveli xalxis siyvaruli Tavisi didi winapris – vaxtang gorgaslisadmi mxolod misi `samoslisa da abjris~, `gorgasliani~ droSisadmi pativiscemiTa da mokrZalebiT rom ar ganisazRvreboda, amas Zvel droSi Seqmnili da dRemde Semonaxuli, sayovelTaod cnobili xalxuri leqsic mowmobs: `vaxtang mefe RmerTs uyvarda, cidan Camoesma reka, ialbuzze fexi Sedga, didma mTebma iwyes dreka. osebSi gadaiara, Cerqezebi gadareka~. vaxtang gorgaslis saxels omSi myofi qarTvelebi ara marto XIXIII saukuneebSi, ufro gviani xanis saqarTveloSic rom siamayiT igonebdnen, amas mowmobs grigol orbelianis poemaSi _ `sadRegrZelo~ vaxtangisadmi miZRvnili sityvebi: `ese ars gmiri is gorg-aslani, romlis SexedviT sparselni hTrTodnen~. vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis Semdeg, gmiri mefis fizikuri siZlieris, cxovrebisa da brZolebis Sesaxeb xalxma iseTi legendaruli ambebi SeTxza, rom vaxtangis Tanamedrove avtoris mier Sedgenili, misi 6 moRvaweobis amsaxveli Txzuleba aRmavlobis gzaze Semdgari qarTuli feodaluri sazogadoebis sulier moTxovnebs veRar akmayofilebda. rogorc Cans, amis gamo, XI saukuneSi qarTvelma istorkosma Zveli teqsti vaxtangis Rvawlisa da gmirobis gadmosacemad arasakmarisad miiCnia, `vaxtangis cxovreba~, misi droisaTvis xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi arsebuli legendaruli xasiaTis ambebiT Seavso da `saraindo~ Sinaarsis Txzuleba Seqmna. Tumca, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, masSi zustadaa asaxuli vaxtang gorgaslis moRvaweoba da misi Tanadrouli qarTlis samefos istoriis ZiriTadi movlenebi. XI saukuneSi `vaxtangis cxovrebaSi~ (`cxovreba~ Zvelad istorias niSnavda) redaqtors rom cvlilebebi Sehqonda, es gasakviri araa. am redaqtorisa da misi drois qarTuli sazogadoebis TvalSi – pirovneba, romlis droSa omebSi laSqris win mihqondaT, molaSqreTa warmodgenaSi uZleveli gmiri, daumarcxebeli mefe unda yofiliyo. iseTi mefe, romelsac asiaTasobiT meomari hyavda. samwuxarod, Cveni didi erovnuli moRvawis – vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebis zusti wlebi am ukanasknel xanebamde garkveuli ar iyo. saqmes is arTulebda, rom TariRi, saidanac misi `cxovrebis~ avtors – juanSers vaxtangis moRvaweobisa da qarTlSi momxdari ambebi aqvs aTvlili, imTaviTve ar arsebobda. juanSeri aTvlas vaxtangis dabadebidan iwyebs da mogviTxrobs, vaxtangi 7 wlis rom gaxda mama gaerdaecvala da ase Semdeg. mematiane Txrobas iranelebTan `iorsa zeda~ brZolaSi daWrili 60 wels miRweuli mefis gardacvalebiT amTavrebs. e.i. Tu gvecodineba am brZolis TariRi, vaxtangis dabadebis welsac zustad gavarkvevT. vaxuSti batoniSvilidan (gardaicvala 1757 w.) dawyebuli, mkvlevrebi didi gulmodginebiT eZebdnen am omis TariRs, magram igi verc Zvel qarTul da verc ucxoenovan wyaroebSi ver iqna mikvleuli. swored aRniSnulma ganapiroba, samecniero literaturaSi vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis TariRi, TiTqmis, 50 wlis farglebSi – 484dan 532 wlamde rom meryeobda. Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis TariRad akad. iv. javaxiSvilis mier SemoTavazebuli 502 weli iyo miRebuli, magram jer kidev 1962 wels istorikosma laSa janaSiam detalurad gaanaliza saistorio wyaroTa monacemebi da aRniSna: 502 weli ar Seesabameba istoriul realobas, Cvens xelT arsebuli cnobebi saSualebas ar iZlevian zustad davaTariRoT vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba. jerjerobiT Cven unda davkmayofildeT mxolod imis aRniSvniT, rom vaxtangi mefobda V saukunis meore naxevarSi. laSa janaSias naSromis gamoqveynebis Semdeg araerTma mkvlevarma kvlav scada vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebis wlebis dadgena, magram uSedegod. 7 yuradReba mivaqcie axal wyaros `firan guSnaspis martviloba~. am _ firan guSnaspis TxzulebaSi qarTl-albaneTis marzpanis* gaqristianebisa da iranis Sahis mier misi sikvdiliT dasjis ambavia gadmocemuli. es pirovneba qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis kargad cnobili qarTlis marzpanis – arvand guSnaspis ufrosi Zma iyo. marzpanebs qarTlsa da albaneTSi mdgari jarebis sardloba, am ori qveynis gamgeoba evalebodaT. guSnaspTa (igive mihranTa) sagvareulo iranis imperiaSi didi gavleniT sargeblobda. maT ZiriTadad samxedro Tanamdebobebi ekavaT. xSirad iyvnen iranis jarebis mTavarsardlebi. rac Seexeba CvenTvis saintereso cnobas. sirieli agiografis Tanaxmad, firan guSnaspis marzpanobisas `roca sparselebsa da romaelebs Soris gurzanisa da aranis mxareSi omi daiwyo... (zavis dadebis) meormoce wels taxtze avida xosro~. ZeglSi moxseniebuli `gurzani~ qarTlis siriuli saxelia, ,,arani“ Zvel albaneTs erqva. mefe `xosroSi~ iranis Sahin-Sahi xosro I anuSirvani igulisxmeba. igi 531 wels avida iranis taxtze. meore mxriv, agiografis Tanaxmad, misi gamefebis weli radgan amierkavkasiaSi `gurzanisa da aranisaTvis~ mimdinare omis damTavrebis (zavis dadebidan) meormoce weli iyo, iransa da bizantias Soris zavi (531-40) 491 wels dadebula. saTanado masalis gaanalizebis Semdeg gairkva: juanSeris mier aRwerili `iorsa zeda~ brZola, sadac vaxtang gorgasali sasikvdilod daiWra, qarTlis samefos teritoriaze momxdari, iran-bizantiis omis, erTi epizodi iyo. e.i. sirieli agiografi da juanSeri 491 wlis iranbizantiis omis erTi brZolis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvaleba Cems mier 491 wliT iqna daTariRebuli. gardacvalebisas vaxtang mefe radgan 60 wels iyo miRweuli, misi dabadeba (491-60) 431 welze mova. vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovrebis~ avtors – juanSers swored 431 wlidan aqvs aTvlili vaxtangis cxovrebisa da qarTlis samefoSi momxdari ambebi. am mikvlevis Semdeg, SesaZlebeli gaxda zustad ganmesazRvra vaxtangis mamis – mefe mirdatis gardacvalebis, vaxtangis debis, misi Zeebis dabadebis wlebi da imdroindel qarTlis samefoSi momxdari sxva mravali ambavi. vaxtang gorgasali da misi winaprebi, farnavazianTa dinastias ganekuTvnebodnen, magram saqarTvelos Zvel istoriaSi gaucnobierebeli zogi pirisagan xSirad gaigonebT, vaxtangi warmoSobiT sparsi iyoo, rac sruliad gaumarTlebelia. saqme isaa, rom ZvelTaganve saqarTvelos did sagvareuloebSi gaCnda tendencia, TavianTi sagvareulos fuZemdeblad ucxoeTidan mosuli pirovneba gamoecxadebinaT an TavianTi gvari ucxoel sagvareulosTan daekavSirebinaT. ase iyo samefo gvarSic – bagrationebi TavianT winaprebad Zvel ebrael mefeebs: solomonsa da daviTs Tvlidnen. 8 farnavaz mefis STamomavlebidan swored mirianis `cxovrebaSi~ iqna aseTi Casworeba Setanili. XI s-is mematianem leonti mrovelma miriani iranis Sahis Zed gamoacxada, mihranTa sagvareulos qalisagan naSobad*. vaxtang gorgasali ki mirianis umcrosi Zis – bakuris (baqaris) uSualo STamomavali iyo. vaxtang gorgasali mamis mxriv, rogorc vnaxeT, imdroindel msoflioSi erT-erTi uZvelesi farnavazianTa dinastiis STamomavali iyo (vaxtangis moRvaweobis droisaTvis farnavazianTa* dinastia qarTlis axali samefos Seqmnidan – Zv. w. 301 w., TiTqmis 8 saukunes aiTvlida). deda ki mas sparseli hyavda, qarTl-albaneTis marzpanis-barzabodis asuli. unda vivaraudoT, rom barzabodic mihran-guSnaspTa sagvareulodan unda yofiliyo. ase rom, dedis mxriv vaxtang mefe iranis erT-erTi ganTqmuli sagvareulos Camomavali iyo. qarTl-albaneTis marzpanTa ZiriTadi rezidencia q. barda (bardavi) (amJamad patara qalaqia azerbaijanSi) iyo. iqidan ganagebdnen isini am or qveyanas. rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovrebaSia~ naTqvami, vaxtangis papa mefe arCili (402-426 ww.), maincdamainc didad ar morCilebda barzabods. man `ganacxada mtroba sparsTa, gamoaCinna juarni da mokazmna eklesiani, mosrna da ganasxna yovelni cecxlis-msaxurni sazRvarTagan qarTlisaTa; moirTo Zali saberZneTiT (e.i. bizantiidan, v.g.) da warZRuanebiTa juarisaTa iwyo brZolad sparsTa~. es brZola, rogorc aRvniSne, ZiriTadad bardaSi mjdomi marzpanis winaaRmdeg samxedro moqmedebebSi gamoixateboda. barzabodi urC qveSevrdoms, ra Tqma unda, aseT qmedebas ar apatiebda. man `Sekriba spa ranisa, movakanisa da adarbadaganisa da momarTa arCils~. mefe arCili, qarTlis jariT `mindobiTa RmrTisaTa~ barzabods qarTl-albaneTis sazRvarze `mdinaresa zeda berdujisasa~ daxvda `da ZaliTa patiosnisa juarisaTa mosrna da tyue-yvna~ barzabodis mebrZolebi. Semdeg Sevida albaneTis teritoriaze moarbia igi da `movida Sina gamarjvebuli~. mTel samefos amcno jvris ZaliT cecxlTayvanismcemel barzabodze gamarjvebis ambavi. barzabodis winaaRmdeg aranaklebi simamaciT ibrZoda arCil mefis Ze mirdati. mamasaviT isic `morwmune da RmrTis msaxuri~, `queli da SemmarTebeli~ iyo. roca mirdati `dadga asaksa mamakacobisasa,~ `umetesad uwyo brZolad sparsTa, Sesvlad da tyuenvad~ albaneTs. Zveli qarTveli avtoris cnobiT, qarTvelTa aseT gaaqtiurebas iranis Sahi ver pasuxobda, radgan `brZoda indoTa da sindTa da abaSTa, da ver SemZlebel iyo spisa didsa gamogzavnad~. amitom `emZlavrebodes qarTvelni~. marTalia, barzabodi cixeebsa da qalaqebs amagrebda, magram es saqmes ver Sveloda, sanam mirdatis cxovrebaSi gardamtexi ambavi ar moxda. im 9 xanad ufliswuli mirdati ucolo iyo, xolo barzabods, mematianes TqmiT, `esua asuli qmnulkeTili, Suenieri, romelsa erqua sagduxt~. erTxelac, mirdats mxleblebma moaxsenes `siSueniere misi~. sagduxtis silamaziT monusxuli `trfial iqmna mirdat mis zeda.~ amis Semdeg mirdats, ra Tqma unda, araviTari survili aRar hqonda barzabodis samflobeloebi daerbia. Tavisi trfialis ambavi mamas – mefe arCils ase moaxsena: `vevedrebi mefobasa Sensa, momguare colad Cemda sagduxt asuli barzabodisi, da SevqmnaT Cuen Soris mSvidoba~. marTalia, dasZina ufliswulma, qristes ZaliT Cven vimarjvebT, magram roca iranis mefe moiclis, Cvenze Surs iZiebs. Cvens qveyanasa da eklesiebs moaoxrebs. jobia dReidan damTavrdes Cvens Soris mtroba. am gziT ufro Seuryevlad davicavT qarTlis sazRvrebs, ufro ganmtkicdeba qarTlSi qristes sjuli, sparsTa gaZlierebisas, `qristes sjulis gmobis~ SiSi aRar gveqneba. mefe arCili kargad mixvda yovelive amas, axalgazrda ufliswuli qalis siyvarulis gamo rom ambobda. amitom, Svilis Txovnas winaaRmdegoba aRar gauwia da `aRasrula neba misi~. wargzavna mociquli bardavs – barzabodis karze `da iTxova asuli misi colad Zisa Tvisisa~. arCil mefis winadadeba barzabodma didi sixaruliT miiRo, Tan qarTvelTagan `iTxova fici da aRTqma~ mSvidobisa, qarTvelebmac dades fici. ase damyarda mSvidoba. saqmis keTilad warmarTviT gaxarebulma barzabodma `mosca asuli Tvisi ziTviTa didiTa~. sagduxti `moiyvanes mcxeTas _ `qmnes qorwili, Sueba da gancxroma dReTa mravalTa~. qorwilis Semdeg mefe arCilma mirdatsa da mis meuRles saufliswulo mamulad misca samSvilde* `saerisTaoTa misTa da mun dasxdes mirdat da sagduxt~. ase Seiqmna samSvildis saerisTavos centri – cixe-qalaqi samSvilde axalgazrda col-qmris rezidenciad. didad `morwmune da RmrTismsaxuri~ mirdatis meuRle sagduxt dedofali, cecxlTayvanismcemeli iyo. cxadia, mas gaqristianebas mosTxovdnen da `sagduxt dedofalman gamoikiTxa sjuli qristesi~, mirdatma `mohguarna kacni sjulisa mecnierni~ (e.i. qristianuli religiis mcodneni, v.g.). dedofalma, ra Tqma unda, arc qarTuli icoda, amitom `uTargmnes saxareba uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi~. auxsnes _ `WeSmariti RmerTi~ rom ieso qriste iyo, `romeli gankacna (e.i. adamianis saxe miiRo, v.g.) xsnisaTvis Cuenisa~. yovelive amis Semdeg, sagduxt dedofalma `gulisxma yo~, `icna sjuli WeSmariti, dauteva cecxlis-msaxureba, naTel-iRo da iqmna morwmune~. man aRaSena sioni samSvildisa (esaa samSvildis Zveli eklesia. VII-VIII saukuneebis mijnaze qarTlis erismTavarma varaz-bakurma da sxvebma samSvildeSi kvlav aages didi taZari, romelTagan dRes nangrevebiRaa SemorCenili, v.g.). 10 426 wels arCil mefe gardaicvala – qarTlis samefo taxtze axalgazrda mirdati avida. amieridan man dedofal sagduxtTan erTad mcxeTis samefo sasaxleSi daido bina. mirdati Seudga qveynis marTvas. zemoT vaxtang gorgaslis dabadebis TariRad 431 weli miviReT. imazec mivuTiTe, vaxtangis papa mefe arCili rom 426 wels gardaicvala da qarTlis taxtze mirdati avida. igi mefobda ise, `viTarca mama misi, didsa sarwmunoebasa Sina~. axla, rac Seexeba vaxtangis ojaxis wevrebs, mefe mirdatsa da dedofal sagduxts. maT pirvelad qaliSvili SeeZinaT da mas xuaranZe daarqves. samefo karisaTvis, upirveles yovlisa, vaJiSvilis gaCena iyo didad sasurveli, amitom `kualad evedrebodes RmerTsa mefe mirdat da dedofali sagduxt, raTa mosces Ze. da Semdgomad oTxi wlisa sagduxtma... Sva Ze da uwoda saxeli... sparsulad `varan-xuasro-Tang~, xolo qarTulad uwoda vaxtang. memkvidris dabadebis gamo `aRivsnes sixarulTa mSobelni misni~, `ganavlines maxarobeli yovelTa Tana erisTavTa da gamoiRes xuastagi (qoneba, saqoneli, v.g.) didZali, oqro da vecxli, da ganuyves glaxakTa, da Sewires madloba RmrTisa mimarT, locviTa da Ramis-TeviTa, dReTa mravalTa~. mefem `dReTa mravalTa yo puroba da gancxroma~. rogorc gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi, maSinac, ufliswulebs didgvarovani mamamZuZeni zrdidnen. juanSeri pirdapir miuTiTebs: wesi iyo `romel Svilni mefeTani, warCinebulTa saxlsa Sina aRizardnian~. vaxtangis gazrda saurmag spaspetma `didiTa vedrebiTa~ iTxova. mefemac `misca Ze misi vaxtang saurmags spaspetsa sazrdod“. ufliswuli qveynis momaval mmarTvelad, uZlevel mebrZolad, saurmag spaspetis xelmZRvanelobiT aRizarda. axla gavarkvioT rodis daibadnen vaxtangis debi. vaxtangis dabadebis TariRi viciT. isic viciT rom vaxtangi xvaranZes dabadebidan oTxi wlis Semdeg daibada. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xvaranZe (431-4) 427 wels dabadebula. vaxtang gorgasalis `cxovrebis~ avtoris Semdegi cnobiT, vaxtangis dabadebidan `Semdgomad... meequsisa welsa, Sva sagduxt asuli sxua da uwodes saxeli... miranduxt~. e.i. vaxtangis umcrosi da miranduxti – (431+6) 437 wels dabadebula. miranduxti gasazrdelad kaspis spasalarma waiyvana. miranduxtis dabadebaze miTiTebis Semdeg vaxtangis `cxovrebis~ avtori – juanSeri gvamcnobs: `Semdgom, amissa, welsa meoresa, mokuda mefe mirdat; da darCa vaxtang Svidisa wlisa yrma~. 437 wels miranduxtis dabadebidan `Semdgomad meore weli~ 438 welia – es axali miTiTebaa mirdat mefis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb. am dros vaxtangi Svidi wlis iyoo da, marTlac 431 wels dabadebuli vaxtangi 438 wels Svidi wlisa iqneboda. am ambebis Txrobisas juanSeri 11 gvamcnobs: `viTar iqmna vaxtang wlisa aTisa, gardamovides ovsni spani uricxuni~ _ maT kaspidan gaitaces vaxtangis sami wlis da miranduxti. 438 wels mefe mirdatis udrood gardacvalebis gamo, qarTlis samefo mZime viTarebaSi Cavarda. Svidi wlis ufliswuli qveynis marTvaSi monawileobas ver miiRebda. qveyana dedofal sagduxts unda emarTa qarTlis erisTavebis daxmarebiT, magram sinamdvileSi qarTlis mmarTvelad iTvleboda bardaSi mjdomi marzpani barzabodi. igi, marTalia, dedofal sagduxtis mama iyo, magram mainc iraneli moxele iyo. amasTanave, dedofals kargad axsovda: jer arCil mefe, Semdeg ki misi meuRle – mirdati rogor arbevdnen albaneTSi barzabodis qveSevrdomebs. amitom, igi SiSobda vaiTu `mamaman Cemman~ Suri iZios mamamTilisa da Cemi qmris namoqmedarze, maT xom `egodenni borotni moawivnes mis zeda~-o. amasTanave, imasac ar gamoricxavda, rom radgan cecxlTayvanismcemloba* uaryo da qristianoba aRiara, masze SurisZiebis gamo `warwymidos Svili Cemi, ganryunas qarTli da sjuli qristesi~-o. dedofali did mwuxarebaSi iyo, magram, bolos mainc `ganizraxa warsvla winaSe mamisa missa da Sevrdoma misi~. Tumca, mcirewlovani ufliswulis wayvana ver gabeda da vaxtangi `cremliTa simwarisaTa~ qarTlis spaspetsa da erisTavebs Seavedra. qarTlis dedofali mxolod mcire mxleblebiT miadga q. bardaSi mamis rezidencias. mamis win moiyara muxli, mamas fexebze emTxvia _ `daaltobda (e.i. daasvelebda, v.g.) ferxTa mamisa TvisiTa cremliTa~. dedofalma mamisagan iTxova Sewyaleba da miteveba, aseve surda mamas misTvisac Seendo `sjulis dateveba~. dedofals eSinoda mamas ar aeZulebina igi uareyo qristes sjuli, radgan ieso qriste misTvis ukve iyo `RmerTi WeSmariti~. amasTanave mamisadmi umTavresi saTxovari mainc is iyo, rom misi Ze – vaxtangi daetovebina Tavisive mamulSi da TviT gaewia Suamavloba amis Sesaxeb Sahis winaSe. dedoflis SeSfoTeba SemTxveviTi ar iyo, man kargad icoda mamis xasiaTi. barzabodi, marTlac, mzad yofila `borotis yofad qarTvelTaTvis~, Tumca, sayvareli qaliSvili mainc daindo _ `Seiwyala asuli Tvisi: ara aiZula dateveba sjulisa, da aRasrula yoveli Txova misi~. marzpanma asuls mxolod erTi pirobis Sesruleba mosTxova: TviTon arcerT qarTvels iZulebiT ar `daagdebinebda~ qristes sjuls, samagierod qarTlSi gaagzavnida cecxlTayvanismcemlebs maTi rjulis moZRvrebTan erTad da Tu romelime qarTveli Tavisi nebiT airCevda iranelTa religias – cecxlTayvanismcemlobas, xelisufalT misTvis xeli ar unda SeeSalaT. juanSeris sityviT, `sagduxt erCda (emorCileboda, v. g.) mamasa Tvissa SiSisagan didisa~, amitom mas uari veRar Sekadra. marTlac, barzabodis mier gamogzavnili cecxlis msaxurni mcxeTaSi `dasxdes moguTas*~. 12 q. bardadan sagduxt dedoflis gamomgzavrebis Semdeg, aRarc barzabods ucocxlia didxans. igi gardaicvala da iranis Sahma marzpanad barzabodis Ze – varaz-bakuri dasva. imave xanSi qarTlSi gardaicvala vaxtangis mamamZuZe saurmag spaspeti. qarTlis spaspetad dedofalma juanSeri daniSna. saqveyno saqmeebiT dakavebulma dedofalma sagduxtma cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Setevis SeCereba ver SeZlo. gansakuTrebiT cecxlTayvanismcemelTa `episkoposi~ binqarani aqtiurobda. mis qmedebas qarTlis warCinebulni winaaRmdegobas ar uwevdnen. amis gamo `wurili eri~ (e.i. mosaxleobis dabali fenebi) miiqca mravali cecxlismsaxurebas... Seeria qarTls wurilsa ersa cecxlmsaxureba~, `amisTvis mwuxare iyo sagduxt dedofali~, magram `mZlavrobisagan sparsTa veras ikadrebda~, Tumca imdeni mainc SeZlo, rom bizantiidan moiyvana `mRdeli WeSmariti~ miqaeli da qarTlis eklesiis meTaurad daadgina. dedoflis mier gadadgmulma nabijma gaamarTla. miqael episkoposi medgrad aRudga win cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Zaladobas _ `aswavebda yovelTa qarTvelTa sjulsa WeSmaritsa~. is-is iyo qveyanaSi religiuri viTareba sasikeTod Seicvala, rom qarTlis mosaxleobam Crdilo kavkasiidan didi Tavdasxma ganicada. roca vaxtangi 10 wlisa gaxda (e.i. daaxloebiT 441 wels), Crdilo kavkasiidan darialis gziT `gadmovides ovsni spani uricxuni~ da moaoxres qveyana mtkvris saTaveebidan xunanamde (es cixe-qalaqi saerisTavos centri iyo da samefos ukidures aRmosavleT nawilSi md. mtkvris marjvena napirze mdebareobda). momxdurebma kaspis garda cixeqalaqebi ver aiRes. kaspidan ki vaxtangis da miranduxti gaitaces. qarTlSi CrdiloelTa laSqrobis Tanadroulad, bizantielebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi (egrisis samefoSi) SeiWrnen da daipyres teritoria `egriswyliTgan vidre cixe-gojamde~. es ori laSqroba, ra Tqma unda, erTi didi samxedro operaciis Semadgeneli nawilebi iyo. aseTi daskvnis safuZvels iZleva VI s-is bizantieli avtoris komit marcelinusis `qronikaSi~ arsebuli cnoba 441 wels bizantiasa da irans Soris zavis dadebis Sesaxeb. zavis dadebis win – 438 wels iranis taxtze iezdigerd II-is asvlis Semdeg bizantiasa da irans Soris urTierToba daiZaba. 440 wels ki iranis armia bizantiis sazRvrebs miadga. aseT viTarebaSi, rogorc Cans, bizantiam saswrafod miiRo zomebi. imperiam, armiis magistrosebis (mxedarTmTavrebis) _ anatolisa da asparis sardlobiT aRmosavleTSi laSqari gamoagzavna, xolo amierkavkasiis iranul samflobeloebSi Crdilo kavkasiidan hunebisa da osebis SemoWriT irans saqme gaurTula. osebisa da hunebis gasadevnad, qarTlSi iranis laSqari Semovida. amiT unda aixsnas, Crdilo kavkasiidan Semosulebma kaspis garda, verc erTi cixe rom ver aiRes, Tumca didi nadavli igdes xelT da darubandis gziT ukan gabrundnen. 13 441 wlisaTvis, aRmosavleT evropaSi hunebi ukve karga xnis mosulebi iyvnen. maT Crdilo kavkasiis velebic ekavaT. Zveli qarTveli avtori qarTlSi SemoWril xalxs, marTalia, osebs uwodebs, magram SemoseulTa ZiriTadi nawili, cnobili hunTa beladis atilas daqvemdebarebaSi myofi da misi samflobelos aRmosavleT nawilSi damkvidrebuli hunebi unda yofiliyvnen. amierkavkasiaSi atilas qveSevrdomi hunebis laSqrobis ambavi, bizantielma diplomatma da istorikosma priskos panielma 448 wels atilas banakSi yofnisas Seityo. mas uTxres, rom Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare velebidan wamosuli hunebi 15 dReSi amierkavkasiaSi SeiWrneno. aseTi swrafi tempiT amierkavkasiaSi gamolaSqreba hunebs, ra Tqma unda, bizantiis xelisufalTa moTxovniT, saTanado sazRauris safasurad unda moewyoT. Savi zRvis Crdilo velze momTabare hunebisaTvis, rogorc kavkasiis zekarebi, ise amierkavkasiis gzebi ucnobi iqneboda. am mxriv, maTTvis gzis maCveneblebi osebi iqnebodnen. miranduxtis adgilsamyofelic maTve unda scodnodaT. dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantielTa mier `egris-wyliTgan vidre cixe-gojamde~ teritoriis dapyrobam, xolo aRmosavleTSi osebis winamZRolobiT hunTa gamanadgurebelma laSqrobam `yovelTa zeda qarTvelTa~ didi `glova da wuxili~ gamoiwvia. datrialebul ubedurebas `RmrTisa mimarT~ codvebis gamravlebiT xsnidnen. qarTlis samefos yvela mesveuri erTi azrisa iyo: pirvel rigSi osebze unda eZiaT Suri, Semdeg ezrunaT bizantielebisagan warTmeuli teritoriebis dabrunebaze. gadioda wlebi, `vaxtang izrdeboda da iswavlida miqael episkoposisagan yovelsa mcnebasa uflisasa~, iwrToboda samxedro saqmeSi. axalgazrda ufliswuli didad wuxda qarTlis mosaxleobis dabal fenebSi cecxlTayvanismcemloba rom mZlavrobda, magram `sparsTa mZlavrobis~ gamo verafers ambobda. amasobaSi vaxtangi TxuTmeti wlisa gaxda. 446 wels 15 wlis mefem pirvelad moiwvia darbazi, romelic mcire saxalxo kreba ufro iyo. esaa erT-erTi uZvelesi monaTxrobi, romelSic V s-is SuaxanebSi qarTlis samefo saxlSi gamarTuli darbazobis mimdinareobaa gadmocemuli. mefem `mouwoda yovelTa warCinebulTa qarTlisaTa, da Semokribna yovelni qalaqad~. sadarbazod gaamzada erTi saxli, dajda `saydarTa zeda maRalTa~, gverdiT _ `saydarsave~ dasxdnen juanSer spaspeti da orive episkoposi (e.i. qristianTa da cecxlTayvanismcemelTa). `sxuani yovelni erisTavni dasxdes selebiTa~ (e.i. selis baliSebze), aTasisTavni, asis-Tavni da yoveli eri fexze idga. TxuTmeti wlis mefem, Tavisi asakis Seufereblad `viTarca aRzrdilman filosofosTa Tana~ maRali xmiT ganacxada: mefisa da eris 14 (xalxis) winaSe maSin moawevs gansacdeli, roca morwmuneni RmerTs msaxurebas akleben da mama-papaTa sarwmunoebisagan gadauxveven. aseT viTarebaSi xalxi Cavardeba iseT gansacdelSi, rogorSic Cven varT. roca keTili mama (mSobeli) zrdis Svils keTili saqmeebisTvis, Svili unda keTil gzaze daayenos, magram Svilma Tu keTilad ar Seismina mSoblis miTiTeba, maSin mSobeli itanjeba. aseve `guwurTna Cven RmerTman~, _ dasZina mefem. amis Semdeg, mefem didebulebs mimarTa: marTalia, me yrma var da Cemgan keTili saqmeebi ar ginaxavT, magram ginaxavT winaparTa didi Tavdadeba. dRes, rogorc me, ise Tqven didi gansacdelis winaSe varT. unda `viZioT Suri ovsTa zeda~. es ubedureba rom sparselebis an berZnebisagan modiodes kidev moviTmendiT, magram ubedureba `mowevnil ars Cuen zeda ovsTa kicxTagan~ (damamcirebeli terminia, v. g.), amitom `ara xams daTmena: sikudili sjobs TavTa CuenTaTvis~. mefis Semdeg juanSer spaspeti wamodga fexze da mefes mimarTa: `cxovndi mefeo ukunisamde didebiT da mterTa SenTa zeda nebaaRsrulebiT mefeo Sen umjobesi yovelTa mefeTa qarTlisaTa~ xar, `msgavsi nebroT* gmirisa~, RmerTma gamogaCina Cven winamZRvrad, Cven Zvel da axal WirTa (ubedurebaTa) gansaqarveblad. am xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, Seni yrmobisas did mwuxarebaSi viyaviT ovsTagan miyenebuli Seuracxyofis gamo. aqamde Tu ar SegeZlo mxedrobas win waZRolodi da arc samefos saqmeebs ganagebdi, amjerad `srul xar sibrZniTa da ZaliTa, simxniTa da asakiTa~, Tumca, jer kidev araa Jami Tavi safrTxeSi Caigdo. Cveni survilia romelime Cvengani SearCio `spaTa winamZRvrad~, Sen ki aq darCi qveynis meTaurad, rom damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi qveyanas Sen mixedo. juanSer spaspetis am sityvebs erTxmad daeTanxmnen qarTlis warCinebulni da erisTavebi. magram mefe daTmobas ar apirebda. mefem sapasuxod miugo: `yovelni dReni cxorebisa Cemisani mwuxarebasa Sina damiyofia~, Cemi dis sibraluliT guli meleva, TiTqos cecxlis maxviliT viyo dakodili. aseT sicocxles sikvdili mirCevnia – RmerTis mindobiTa da jvris winamZRolobiT wamoval – ar gamwiravs RmerTi da momcems Zalas. mas Semdeg, rac darbazobaze erTxmad gadawyda Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqroba, modarbazeni saxlebSi gabrundnen, raTa laSqrobisaTvis momzadebuliyvnen. zemoT iTqva, rom im xanaSi qarTli da albaneTi bardaSi mjdom marzpans eqvemdebareboda. aseTi didi laSqrobis mosawyobad aucilebeli iyo marzpanis varaz-bakuris Tanxmoba. da vaxtangmac `waravlina mociquli~ da `auwya laSqroba ovseTisa da iTxova misgan Sewevna~. marzpani valdebuli iyo aseT laSqrobaSi Tavisi samxedro ZalebiT mieRo monawileoba. varaz-bakurma vaxtangs 12 000 mxedari gamougzavna. 15 TviT mefem ki `mouwoda yovelTa spaTa qarTlisaTa~, sul cota xanSi qarTlis saerisTavoTa laSqari `Seikriba~ da `daibanakes muxnars da xerks, amier da imier aragusa~. mematianes cnobiT, im xanad qarTlidan asi aTasi mxedari da samoci aTasi qveiTi Segrovda. varaz-bakuris mier gamogzavnil mxedrobasTan erTad 172 aTasi meomari Seikriba. roca mefem laSqari daaTvaliera, `moewona simravle, cxenkeTiloba da mokazmuloba~, rac mTavaria, yoveli meomari iyo mxned, `savseni iyvnes SuriTa ovsTaTa~, uxarodaT, bolos da bolos rom dadga dro, roca mters samagieros gadauxdidnen. molaSqreTa sabrZolvelad aseTi mzadyofnis gamo, mefemac gaixara, `madloba Seswira RmerTs~ molaSqreTa SemarTebisaTvis. amis Semdeg, mefe mcxeTaSi dabrunda da `aRasrula Svideuli erTi* locviTa da marxviTa, Ramis TeviTa~. Semdeg glaxakT didZali saboZvari dauriga. samefos gamgebloba ki dedas da ufros das – xuaranZes daavala. darbazobaze, juanSer spaspeti mefes imitom urCevda laSqrobaSi ar wasuliyo, rom misi daRupvis SemTxvevaSi, qveyana mefis gareSe rCeboda. yvelaferi es, ra Tqma unda, kargad uwyoda vaxtang mefem. amitom, rodesac samefos marTva-gamgebloba dedasa da das daavala, saidumlo anderZic dawera da dedas gadasca. am anderZis Sesaxeb sxvas araferi ar unda scodnoda. anderZSi vaxtangi werda: `ukueTu arRara Semoviqce cocxali, dai Cemi xuaranZe SeirTos mirian... man ipyras mefoba~. anderZSi dasaxelebuli miriani, juanSeris ganmartebiT, vaxtangis mamis Zmiswuli iyo. ai, es miriani datova mcxeTaSi, laSqrobaSi ar waiyvana da Tu vaxtangi ver dabrundeboda, mas unda daekavebina qarTlis taxti. vaxtangis mamas – mefe mirdats Zma ar hyavda. juanSeri ki vaxtangis Tanamedrove mirians, vaxtangis `mamis Zmiswulad~ ixseniebs. unda ganvmarto, rom igulisxmeba Soreuli Zmiswuloba anu mefeTa gverdiTi Sto. axla isev osebis winaaRmdeg laSqrobis ambavs davubrundeT. samefo saqmeebis mogvarebis Semdeg, vaxtangi TianeTs dadga. iq SeuerTdnen mas `yovelni mefeni kavkasiisani~ ormocdaaTi aTasi mxedriT da darialis gavliT Sevidnen osTa miwaze. juanSeris sityviT, `Seslvasa missa ovseTad iyo vaxtang wlisa Tequsmetisa~ _ e. i. 447 weli idga. vaxtangis Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqrobis Sesaxeb osebs, ra Tqma unda, windawin ecodinebodaT da vaxtangis laSqars mdinaris piras momzadebulni daxvdnen (maT, rogorc Cans, hunebi daixmares). mdinaris meore napirze vaxtang mefis laSqari dadga (laSqari md. Tergis napirze ganlagda). mdinaris orive napirze `iyvnes qarafni kldisani~, aseve `Walakni da velovanni~. Svidi dRe emzadeboda orive laSqari gadamwyveti brZolisaTvis. manamde ki yoveldRe bumberazTa brZolebi imarTeboda. 16 osTa mier hunebisagan daqiravebul laSqarSi iyo `kaci erTi goliaTi~ saxelad Tarxani. pirvelad brZolis velze swored is gamovida da xmamaRla ganacxada: mefis laSqarSi vinc uZlieresad Tvlida Tavs, mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gasuliyo. Tarxanis mowodebaze, im laSqridan, romelic vaxtang mefes biZam qarTl-albaneTis marzpanma gamougzavna, gamovida erTi meomari – farsmanfaruxi. misi mowinaaRmdege brZolaSi aravin iyo, mas mravaljer lomic ki hyavda xeliT Sepyrobilio, _ wers juanSeri. ai, es goliaTi gavida Tarxanis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. yviriliT `mietevnes urTierTs~, magram pirvelive Setakebisas Tarxanma daaswro _ `uxeTqna xmali farsman-faruxsa Cabalaxsa zeda, da ganupo Tavi vidre beWTamde~. am Setakebis mxilveli vaxtang mefe da misi laSqari Sewuxda, radgan mis laSqarSi aravin darCa msgavsi farsman-faruxisa. gailia is dRe. vaxtangi Sevida Tavis karavSi `dadga locvad da cremliT evedreboda RmerTsa~. gaTenebamde iloca _ `iTxovda RmerTisgan Sewevnas~. gaTenda Tu ara, Tarxani kvlav moadga mdinaris napirs da moiTxova kidev gasuliyo vinme vaxtangis laSqridan masTan Sesabmelad. mefem ganacxada, rom TviT gavidoda `brZolad Tarxanisa~. meo, _ aRniSna mefem, _ moimede var ara mxolod Cemi Zalisa da Cemi simxnisa, `mindobiTa RmrTisaTa~ gavimarjvebo. mefis gadawyvetilebam warCinebulebi gaakvirva, mravaljer sTxoves uari eTqva orTabrZolaze, radgan yrma iyo da ar hqonda saTanado sabrZolo gamocdileba. magram rogorc Cans, man kargad Seiswavla brZolis xelovneba Tavisi mamamZuZis saurmag spaspetisagan. sabrZolvelad gasvlis win igi gadmovida cxenidan `Tayuanis-ca RmerTsa~, raTa misi Semwe yofiliyo. vaxtangis danaxvaze Tarxanma daiZaxa: `me goliaTTa da gmirTa gamocdilTa mbrZoli var, da ara ymawuilTa~-o. am sityvebTan erTad moqiSpeebi `mietevnes urTierTas~. axalgazrda vaxtangi, ra Tqma unda, Tarxanze swrafi iyo, amitom pirvelsave Serkinebisas man sca Subi `sartyelsa zeda~ Tarxans. saWurvelma ver gauZlo dartymas da Subi zurgamde Caeso – Tarxani usulod daeca miwaze. qarTvelTa laSqari xmamaRla zeimobda axalgazrda mefis pirvel gmirul gamarjvebas – uZleveli Tarxanis damarcxebas. TviT mefe kvlav gadmoxta cxenidan da `Tayvanis-ca RmerTsa~, Semdeg Tarxans Tavi mokveTa, Sejda Tavis bedaurze da qarTvelTa laSqars mieaxla. yoveli molaSqre maRali xmiT qebas asxamda mefes da aseve RmerTs swiravda madlobas. orTabrZolebi Tarxanis sikvdiliT ar damTavrebula. meore dRes `gamovida bumberazi ovsTagan, romelsa erqva bayaTar~. am bayaTarso, _ wers juanSeri, winaaRmdegobas veravin uwevdao. da ai, es bayaTari moadga diliT mdinares da xmamaRla daiwyo yvirili: vaxtang mefe nu 17 galaRdebi Tarxanze gamarjvebiT. ar iyo is goliaTTa sadari, amitom moikla ymawvilis mier. axla me SemebrZole, Cems ficxel Setevas ver gadaurCebi. Tu ginda Seni laSqridan sxva gamovides, amisTvisac mzad varo. mefem bayaTars SesZaxa: me Tarxans aramarto Cemi ZaliTa vZlie, `aramed ZaliTa dambadeblisa CemisaTa~ _ me Seni ar meSinia, rogorc erTi ZaRlisa. am sityvebis Semdeg mefem Tavisi laSqari sabrZolvelad gaamzada. TviTon ki `aRjda taiWsa (cxens, v. g.) SeWurvilsa javSniTa~, `aRiRo fari misi vigris* tyavisa, romelsa ver hkveTda maxvili~, miadga mdinares da bayaTars SesZaxa: me mefe var, ar gadmoval mdinareze, ar miveaxlebi osTa spas. Sen ki mona xar, gadmodi mdinaris aqeT. bayaTari daTanxmda da Tan mefes sTxova, napiridan ukan daexia sami utevani (erTi utevani 125 nabijia). vaxtangi ukudga, bayaTari gadmovida mdinaris meore napirze da daiwyo isrebis srola. vaxtangi iridebda isrebs, mdinaris orive napirze mdgar laSqarSi iyo `cema bukisa da dabdabTa~. iseTi xmauri idga, rom `iZrvodes mTani da borcuni~. bayaTaris nasroli isrebisgan mxolod ori moxvda vaxtangis fars. bayaTaris isrebma farSi ver gaaRwies, samagierod misi nasroli erTi isari vaxtangis cxens moxvda. amasobaSi vaxtangi miiWra bayaTarTan da vidre cxeni daecemoda, `uxeTqna xrmalni mxarsa bayaTarissa da CahkueTa vidre gulamde~. amis Semdeg, qveiTebi da cxenosnebi osTa winaaRmdeg daiZrnen. cxen-Torosnebma aiares Tu ara qarafis gza da vakeze avidnen, maT mihyvnen qveiTni, mxedrebi da iq gaZlierda brZola. pirvel rigebSi ibrZoda vaxtang mefe. juanSeris sityviT, mefe `marjueniT-kerZi~ (mxares, v.g.) Tu `marcxeniT-kerZi~ ibrZoda, mowinaaRmdegeni yvelgan SiSiT Zrwodnen. mefis lomisebr xmas yvela cnobda. mefis gverdiT mxned ibrZoda ori gamorCeuli mxedari: `artavaz ZuZumte, Ze saurmag spaspetisa da bivritian sefewuli*~. osTa laSqarma veRar gauZlo qarTvelTa Setevas _ `iZlivnes osni da ivltoda (gaiqca, v.g.) banaki maTi~. gaqceuli osebi qarTvelebma mravlad daatyveves, raTa qarTlidan wayvanil tyveebSi gaecvalaT. devnidan ukanmobrunebulma qarTvelma molaSqreebma isev mdinaris piras daibanakes. sami dRe daisvenes. Semdeg Sevidnen oseTis teritoriaze da Semusres cixe-qalaqni, mravali tyve da uricxvi alafi igdes xelT. osTa damorCilebis Semdeg, vaxtangis laSqari jiqeTSi Sevida da kvlav oseTSi dabrunda. vaxtangis despanebma kavkasiis mTebSi TavSefarebuli osTa beladebi moixmes da dazavdnen. amis Semdeg vaxtangis umcrosi da _ miranduxti gamoixsnes. vaxtang mefe uamravi tyviTa da alafiT mobrunda oseTidan. es laSqroba 4 Tves gagrZelda. jer kidev Crdilo kavkasiaSi yofnisas, mefem laSqrobidan gaaTavisufla is Tormeti aTasi mxedari, romelic mas varz-bakurma 18 daaxmara. `niWiTa didiTa~ (didi saboZvrebiT) gaaTavisufla `mefeni kavkasianTani~. Tavisi dai, mravali tyve darialis gziT qarTlSi gamoistumra, TviT ki qarTvelTa laSqriT `gzasa afxazeTisasa~ daadga. 447 wels Crdilo kavkasiidan qarTvelTa laSqriT vaxtang mefe dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida da sami wlis manZilze afxazeTis yvela cixe aiRo `vidre cixe-gojamde*~. 450 welisTvis gamarjvebuli vaxtangi mcxeTaSi dabrunda. gamarjvebul mefes didi sixaruliT miegebnen deda da debi, `simravle qalaqisa~ qali da kaci Tavis samoss ufenda mefes, xmamaRla SesZaxodnen mefes sadidebel sityvebs, radgan manamde, aseTi gamarjveba arc erT mefes ar moepovebina. mefem madloba Seswira RmerTs, glaxakT saboZvari dauriga, ubralo meomrebi da warCinebuli mxedrebi, romlebmac oseTSi laSqrobisas Tavi gamoiCines, didi saboZvriT daajildova. saTanado ZRveni gaugzavna qarTl-albaneTis marzpans – varaz-bakursa da iranis Sahs. SahTan binqaran `episkoposi~ waravlina da `iTxova sparsTa mefisagan asuli colad~. im xanad iranis taxtze iezdigerd II ijda. vaxtang mefis pirveli meuRle – balenduxti misi asuli iyo Tu ara, danamdvilebiT arafris Tqma ar SeiZleba. balenduxtisagan SeeZina mefes qal-vaJi – daCi da misi tyupiscali da, TviT balenduxti ki daaxlovebiT 455 wels mSobiarobisas gardaicvala. rac Seexeba vaxtangis dasavleT saqarTveloSi laSqrobas, im xanad zRvispira teritoria bizantiis gavlenaSi iyo. es teritoria maT, vaxtang mefis mcirewlovnobisas miitaces. amjerad vaxtangis laSqrobis Sedegad, es mxare egrisis samefos daubrunda. rogorc varaudoben, vaxtangis moqmedeba dasavleT saqarTveloSi iran-bizantiis omis erT epizodad unda iqnas miCneuli. V s-is 50-60-ian wlebSi egrisis samefo iranis gavlenaSi myofi qveyana iyo. iranis Sahma balenduxt dedofals mziTvad `somxiTi* da yovelni mefeni kavkasianni~ misca. Sahi vaxtang mefisadmi gamogzavnil werilSi, mas bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi monawileobas sTxovda. garda imisa, rom vaxtangi iranis Sahis siZe iyo, im xanad qarTlis samefo, rogorc iTqva, iranis gavlenaSi myof qveynad iTvleboda, amitom vaxtang mefem Sahis moTxovnaze uari ver Tqva. laSqrobas bizantiis imperiis winaaRmdeg seriozuli momzadeba da didi Zalebi sWirdeboda. laSqrobaSi, faqtobrivad iranis Crdilo nawilSi Semavali qveynebi monawileobdnen. laSqrobis saerTo xelmZRvanelad qarTl-albaneTis marzpani varaz-bakuri dainiSna. am laSqrobis Sedegad, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, vaxtang mefem bizantielTa mier mitacebuli teritoriebi daibruna. bizantiis winaaRmdeg mowyobili am laSqrobis Sesaxeb yvelaze vrceli Txroba juanSeris `vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSi~ gvaqvs. Tu 19 miviCnevT, rom juanSeri mis mier aRwerili laSqrobis monawile da TviTmxilveli iyo, juanSeris cnobebi bizantiis istoriisTvisac unikalurad unda CaiTvalos (V-VI ss. bizantiel avtorebs am omis Sesaxeb, arapirdapiri cnobebi aqvT). laSqris mier ganvilil gzas, juanSeri or etapad warmogvidgens: 1. gza mcxeTidan bizantiis sasazRvro cixe-qalaq karnu qalaqamde* (igive Teodosiopoli); 2. saomari moqmedebebi TviT imperiis teritoriaze. am laSqrobis dawyebisas vaxtangi 22 wlisa iyo. e. i. 453 wels `waremarTa vaxtang Seslvad saberZneTad da miiwivnes somxiTs da Sevidnen peroJa-kafas*~. aq moxda laSqris Tavmoyra. aqedan gaemarTnen karnu-qalaqisaken. qarTlidan bizantiis Suagulisaken mimavalma laSqarma aRmosavleTiT rom daiwyo moZraoba, es erTi mxriv imiT iyo gamarTlebuli, rom aq gadioda uZvelesi `gza ranisa~ (gza adarbadaganisa – aqemenianTa* xanis yofili `samefo gzis~ Crdilo ganStoeba), meore mxriv ki imiT, rom albaneTSi iyo Tavmoyrili iranis Crdilo nawilis ZiriTadi Zalebi. im dros TviT karnu-qalaqi kargad gamagrebuli samgalavniani cixesimagre iyo (Teodosiopoli 450 wels gardacvlil imperator oeodosios II-is pativisacemad ewoda). molaSqreebma es qalaqi ver aiRes. mocdac ar SeiZleboda, amitom qalaqis moalyed ori erisTavi datoves 12 000 mxedariT, danarCeni laSqriT imperiis Suagulisaken gaemarTnen. laSqarma gzad aiRo da moaoxra qalaqebi: anZoreTi, ekleci, steri. mcire aziis Sida raionebidan laSqari gavida zRvispiras da miadga `pontosa qalaqsa didsa zRvis kidesa~. mkvlevrebs am bolo xanamde, `ponto qalaqad~ q. trapizoni miaCndaT. magram, rogorc gairkva, `ponto qalaqi~ q. sinopia*, romelic Zveli pontos samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. am qalaqs alya Semoartyes da sami Tve ibrZodnen mis asaRebad. sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi marbieli laSqari ufro daSorebul adgilebSic gavida. laSqarSi myofi iranelebi sadac `hpovebdes eklesiisa msaxurTa, dahklavdis~. vaxtang mefem iranelTa aseTi moqmedeba ar moiwona. man iranelebi da somxebic gaafrTxila RvTismsaxurebi ar moeklaT, radgan `Cuenc varT sjulsa zeda berZenTasa, aRmsarebel qristesa~, qristianisagan qristianis mokvla did codvad iTvlebao, aswavlida maT mefe. q. sinopTan ucxo qveynebis laSqris yofnas bizantiis xelisufleba cxadia, didxans ver moiTmenda. saimperatoro xelisuflebam saTanado zomebic miiRo. vaxtang mefes moaxsenes, rom maT winaaRmdeg `pontos gziT~ (e.i. zRvis pirze gamovliT) didi laSqari moemarTeboda. zRvaze ki 500 xomaldi mocuravda. mefem saswrafod gaanaliza Seqmnili viTareba da varaz-bakurTan SeTanxmebiT, gadawyvita alya moexsnaT da aRmosavleTiT daexiaT. 20 q. sinopis mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, laSqris iq datoveba, marTlac, saSiSi iyo. zRviT mosuli bizantielTa laSqari Tu maT aRmosavleTiT, zRvispirze gadmosxdeboda, xolo xmeleTiT momavali laSqari dasavleTidan sinops moadgeboda, varaz-bakuris laSqari, swored xafangSi moemwyvdeoda. saqme isaa, rom Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiros gaswvriv, samxreT kavkasiis mTebidan Trakiis bosforis sanapiromde gadaWimulia farTo da Znelad gasasvleli mTagrexili, romelic gansakuTrebiT maRalia Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapirosTan. zRvis sanapiros mcire aziis Sida raionebTan, – kerZod q. amasiasTan mxolod q. amisosze (axland. q. samsuni) gamavali gza akavSirebs, romelic erTaderTi Ria kari iyo didi laSqris gadasaadgileblad. es, Cans, kargad icoda qarTvelTa mefem. Tu zRviT mosuli bizantielTa laSqari am gasasvlels daikavebda, sinopTan mdgomi varaz-bakuris laSqari dasavleTisaken qveynis siRrmeSi veRar Sevidoda. samxreTiT gauvali mTebi iyo, xolo CrdiloeTiT zRva. amitom `aRiyara laSqari garemos qalaqisa, da vles xuTisa dRisa savali samxriT kerZo, da dadges speriT kerZo~. q. sinopidan ukandaxevis Semdeg brZola bizantielebTan radgan mainc zRvispiras moxda, Cans laSqarma swored zemoxsenebul gasasvlelisaken daixia. mas Semdeg, rac q. sinops alya moxsnes, vaxtang mefem brZana tyveebi gaeTavisuflebinaT. mefem aseve `ganavlina qadagi~, raTa xalxi samalavebidan gamosuliyo da `gamovida simravle mRdelTa da diakonTa, moweseTa monazonTa da enkratisTa (e. i. monazoni qalebi, v.g.), qvabebiT da mTaTagan~. maT Soris iyo `petre mRdeli... da samoel monazoni~ (im xanad petre, grigol RvTismetyvelis saflavze aSenebuli eklesiis mRvdeli iyo). isini warsdgnen vaxtang mefis winaSe da madloba moaxsenes tyveebis gaTavisuflebisaTvis. mefem im tyveebs, romelTac siaruli ar SeeZloT, `misca saxedrebi, xolo WabukTa sam-sami drahkani* da ganuteva~. mefis aseTi damokidebuleba pontos mosaxleobisadmi, mxolod misi qristianuli moraliT ar aixsneba. man kargad icoda ponto-kapadokiis mosaxleobis didi nawilis qarTuli warmomavloba. petre da samoeli mis TvalSi qarTvelebi iyvnen. mefem isini TavisTan daitova da religiur sakiTxebze saubrisas, maT vaxtang gorgasalze iseTi STabeWdileba moaxdines, rom mefem petre qarTlis pirvel kaTalikosad dasaxa (petres Semdeg kaTalikosis taxti samoelma daikava). maTi SuamdgomlobiT dado mefem zavi bizantielebTan. radgan varaz-bakuri am zavs ar SeuerTda, gadamwyveti brZola bizantielebsa da varaz-bakuris laSqars Soris zRvasTan mdinaris SesarTavTan (xerTvisi) moxda. juanSeris Tanaxmad, es iyo `zRvis kide, romel ars Walaki, riye xerTvisisa~. 21 specialurad Seviswavle am xerTvisis adgilmdebareoba. Zvelad `xerTvisi~ (esaa sityva `erTvis~ _ `xanmeti~ forma) ori mdinaris, an zRvasTan mdinaris SesarTavs niSnavda. swored aseT adgils warmoqmnis q. samsunTan zRvasTan SesarTavSi md. mered-irmaqi. zafxulSi, radgan am mdinaris yvela Senakadi Sreba, iq, sadac igi zRvas erTvis riye warmoiqmneba. mdinare sanam zRvas SeureTdeba, daaxloebiT 13 km. vakeze miedineba. aq misi napirebi dabalia, ris gamoc gazafxulis wyaldidobebisas mdinaris wyali kalapotidan gadmodioda da zRvis sanapiros mimdebare vakes faravda. wyliT daWaobebul teritoriaze lerwami izrdeboda. wyaldidobisas warmoqmnil gubeebSi darCenili wyali q. amisos (samsunis) havaze moqmedebda, ris gamoc maisis bolodan oqtombris damdegamde qalaqsa da mis SemogarenSi ciebis (cieb-cxeleba) epidemia vrceldeboda. ai, swored am adgilebSi moxda brZola 456 wlis Semodgomaze bizantielebsa da varaz-bakuris laSqars Soris. bizantielebTan zavis dadebis gamo, qarTvelTa laSqarma brZolaSi monawileoba ar miiRo. iqneb, amanac ganapiroba is, rom `iZlia banaki aRmosavleTisa~. brZolaSi daiRupa varaz-bakuri, lekTa mefe ipajaji da mravali sxva. ase rom, zRvis piras `xerTvisis riyeze~ momxdari brZola `aRmosavleTis banakisaTvis~ metad sisxlismRvreli gamodga, rac bizantiur sinamdvileSic aisaxa. `aRmosavleTis laSqris~ bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqroba riyeze brZoliT ar dasrulebula. bizantielTa erT-erTma sardalma – palekarposma vaxtang mefe orTabrZolaSi gaiwvia; rogorc Cans, bizantielebma ifiqres, isini Tu qarTvelTa laSqarsac daamarcxebdnen, maSin sazavo molaparakebisas dadebuli pirobebisagan Tavisufali iqnebodnen. vaxtang mefe daTanxmda orTabrZolas. man `aRmoixada xrmali da SeamTxvia jvarsa~, gavida sabrZolo rigebs Soris da Tqva: lomi da xari ar ebrZvian erTmaneTs, rameTu me mefe var da Sen mona. am sityvebis warmoTqmisTanave _ `moeteva palekarpos~, orive meomari iseTi xmiT yviroda, rom maTi xma quxils hgavda, `dasca laxuari palekarpos farsa vaxtangissa~, vigris tyavis farSi ganvlo laxvarma erTi wyrTa*. radganac laxvaris simsxo iyo viTar mklavi kacisa, mefem fari miatova laxvarze, `mieteva pirispir, da sca xmali Cabalaxsa zeda ganapo Tavi misi vidre beWTamde~. amis Semdeg, `mietevnes spani vaxtangisani spaTa berZenTasa, da aotes igini,... da miawyudines zRvis pirsa~. maTgan arvin gadarCa, garda imisa, vinc moaswro zRvaSi mdgar navebze gadasvla _ `ivltodes naviTa~. am gamarjvebis Semdeg Semobrunda vaxtangis spa _ `mivides guamsa zeda varaz-bakurissa, vaxtangis dedis Zmisasa, iglovdes da Semures igi sabriTa (erTgvari balaxia, v.g.) da muriTa (erTgvari surnelovani zeTi, v.g.) da warsces bardavad~. zemoaRniSnuli brZoliT dasrulda 456 wlis Semodgomaze bizantiis winaaRmdeg samwliani (453-456 ww.) laSqroba. vaxtangis gamarjvebis 22 miuxedavad, es omi bizantiur wyaroSi imperator markianes dros aRmosavlelTa laSqris damarcxebad iqna miCneuli. imperatori markiane gardacvalebamde mwoliare avdmyofi iyo da 457 w. 26 ianvars gardaicvala. juanSeris cnobiT ki, zavis dadebaSi, radgan bizantiis imperatori monawileobda, ufro sarwmunoa, zavi qarTvel mefesTan markianes Semdeg saimperatoro taxtze asul leons daedo (lev I 457-474 ww. leoni im xanad bizantiis laSqars sardlobda). swored misi asuli iyo vaxtangis meore meuRle – dedofali elene da misgan SeZenil erT-erT vaJs vaxtang mefem simamris saxeli leoni daarqva (elenesagan naSob meore vaJs vaxtangis mamis saxeli – mirdati erqva). leoni da vaxtang mefe advilad SeTanxmdnen sazavo pirobebze. zavis pirobiT: `ukumosca keisarman sazRvari qarTlisa, cixe Tuxarisi da klarjeTi yoveli, zRviTgan vidre arsianTamde da xevni romelni mosdgmanan RadoTa~ (vaxuStis Tanaxmad, esaa `mTa fersaTi, lomsiaT wodebuli~). Semdeg imperatorma gamoikiTxa, Tu sad gadioda bizantielTa sazRvari afxazeTSi (rogorc vnaxeT, es teritoria bizantielebma 441 wels daikaves, xolo 447-450 wlebSi vaxtang mefem kvlav daibruna). es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, Zalian kargad icoda bizantiis mxarem. amitom leonma vaxtangs uTxra: `egris wyliTgan (iTvleba, rom es aris RaliZga, v.g.) vidre mdinaremde mcirisa xazareTisa* – ese sazRvari ars saberZneTisa... romeli Sen migiRia mklaviTa Cuengan~. axla is ukan mogveci da roca Cems asuls colad waiyvan, mas mziTvad mivcemo. e.i. leonma mas samziTvo teritoriad `ganuwesa miwebi: egris wyalsa da klisuras Sua~. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom V s-Si egrisi calke samefo iyo, amitom qarTlis mefis mier iq samxedro operaciebis Catareba, da bolos, misi meuRlis mier mziTvad aRniSnuli teritoriis miReba, ucnaurad ar mogveCveneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom im xanad, orive qveyana iranis gavlenaSi iyo da vaxtangi iq moqmedebda, rogorc iranis politikis gamtarebeli. sxvadasxva wyaroze dayrdnobiT, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom 453 wels bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi egrisic monawileobda. arsebobs cnoba, rom bizantielebma zavi egrisis mefe gubazTanac dades 456 wels. ase dasrulda iranis Crdilo mxaris jarebis laSqroba bizantiis winaaRmdeg. laSqroba qarTlis mefem Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyena: 1. daibruna adre romaelebisagan mitacebuli samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelos teritoria (mcxeTaSi momavalma mefem klarjeTis erisTavs – Tavis ZuZumtes artavazs ubrZana SemoerTebul teritoriaze aego artanujis cixe, gamoenaxa samonastro adgili da iseTi monasteri aego rogoric saberZneTSi ixila); 2. mziTvad miiRo teritoria afxazeTSi; 3. ganimtkica mdgomareoba qarTlSi. Camoicila samefo saxlis moqiSpe Sto. 23 vaxtang mefis saimperatoro karTan danaTesaveba, imas niSnavda, rom amieridan, qarTli bizantiuri orientaciis qveyana xdeboda, rac iranis SahisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. cxadia, Sahi Seecdeboda qarTlSi iranis gavlena aRedgina. saqme rom ase warimarTeboda, es vaxtang mefemac icoda. amitom qarTlSi dabrunebisTanave, iranelTa mosalodneli Tavdasxmisagan qveynis dacvis samzadiss Seudga: `amagrebda cixeTa da qalaqTa, hkazmida mxedarTa da ganamzedebda brZolad sparsTa~. mefem sxva RonisZiebebic gaatara. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, qarTlis qristiani mosaxleoba binqaran cecxlTayvanismcemelTa `episkoposis~ mxridan did zewolas ganicdida. amitom mefem Seagdo `sapyrobilesa Sina binqaran macTuri, episkoposi cecxlis msaxurTa, mosrna, ganasxna yovelni cecxlis-msaxurni sazRvarTagan qarTlisaTa~. mefis aseTi RonisZiebani iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas niSnavda. axla vnaxoT ra xdeboda iranSi. roca iranis Sahma gaigo `viTarmed miiqca vaxtang berZenTa kerZo (mxares, v.g.), Seiqca sparseTad da mokuda. dajda mefed Ze misi, da vidre moiwifeboda... warxda (gavida, v.g.) amas Sina weliwadi sami~. iranis Sahi, romelic vaxtangis `Ralatis~ Setyobisas gardaicvala iezdigerd II iyo (igi 457 wels gardaicvala). taxti misma ufrosma Zem – hormizd III-m daikava, magram mas umcrosi Zma perozi aujanyda. ase daiwyo iranSi Sinaomi. bolos, perozma daxmarebisaTvis Suaaziel hunebs – heftalitebs (igive TeTri hunebi) mimarTa. perozs mxari dauWires iranelma didgvarovnebmac da orwliani brZolebis Semdeg, hormizd III mokluli iqna. 459 wels taxtze perozi avida (es Sahi, `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ ixsenieba). sanam perozi SinaomiT aSlil qveyanas moawesrigebda, erTi weli kidev gavida da 460 wels igi `warmoemarTa brZolad vaxtangisa~ _ didi laSqriT qarTls moadga. qarTlSi iranelTa mosalodneli SemoWris Sesaxeb vaxtang mefem bizantiis imperatori leoni (levi) adreve gaafrTxila. weriliT igi imperators atyobinebda: `aha dadga dRe, romelic aRmiTquams~, sparselebi ukve qarTlis sazRvarTan arian. me rac aRTqma davde, Sevasrule. sadac cecxlis saxli iyo, yvela movspe, mogvebi satanjvels miveci, maTi episkoposi sapyrobileSi Cavsvi da sikvdilis SiSiT gardaixvewa. swrafad gamogzavne damxmare Zala, raTa jvris sarwmunoebis mtrebi davamarcxoT. Tu maT gvZlies, kidev ufro gaZlierdebian da Sens sazRvarsac moadgebian. roca mefis mociqulma saimperatoro sasaxleSi vaxtangis werili miitana, aRmoCnda, rom imperatori wasuli iyo saomrad da dasaxmareblad `ver moicalebda~. vaxtang mefes isRa darCa, Semosul mters mxolod qarTlis laSqriT Sebmoda. juanSeri, rogorc qarTlis samefos spaspeti da mcxeTasTan mimdinare brZolebis monawile, detalurad agviwers 460 wels qarTlSi 24 SemoWril iranelTa winaaRmdeg gamarTul brZolebs. iranelTa SemoWramde mefes mcxeTaSi – mogvTa ubnidan – armazSi, md. mtkvris marjvena napirisaken gadebuli xidi gaufarTovebia. mcxeTaSive gamagrda vaxtang mefe da juanSer spaspeti. nasra da mirdat erisTavebi mtkvris marjvena napirze idgnen `somxiTisa da qarTlisa~ jarTan erTad. sparsTa laSqari dRevandeli didubis midamoebSi dabanakda. brZolebis mimdinareobas juanSeri ase aRwers: Tu brZolebi mtkvris marjvena napirze gaimarTeboda, qarTvelTa laSqari maT mcxeTidan exmareboda. mcxeTis mxares brZolebi, ZiriTadad, md. aragvis piras mimdinareobda. xSirad qarTvelTa laSqari mtkvars `tfilisis fonTan~ gadakveTda da iq Seebmeboda xolme mters. am brZolebSi xan erTi mxare imarjvebda, xan meore. juanSeris sityviT, swored am brZolebSi hqonda vaxtang mefes `oqros Cabalaxze~ (muzaradze) gamosaxuli `winiT mgeli da ukaniT lomi~. sadac brZolis yvelaze cxeli adgili iyo, vaxtangic iq gaCndeboda xolme da `mosrida sparsTa~. sparselebma daixsomes – mxedari, romelsac muzaradze mgeli da lomi hqonda gamosaxuli – vaxtang mefe iyo. amitom, vaxtangis gamoCenisas yvirodnen: `dur az gorgasal~. es sparsuli sityvebi juanSeris Tanaxmad, niSnavs: `moerideT Tavsa mglisasa~. amis Semdeg `saxel-edva vaxtang mefesa gorgasali~-o wers igi. e. i. 460 wels mcxeTa-TbilisTan iranelTa winaaRmdeg brZolebisas iwoda vaxtang mefe `gorgasalad~ (amis Semdeg, Txrobisas mas mec ase movixsenieb). qarTlSi SemoWril iranelebTan brZola oTxi Tve gagrZelTa. Sahis laSqarma arsebiT warmatebas ver miaRwia. brZolebi, albaT, kidev didxans gagrZeldeboda, bizantiidan imperatoris despani rom ar mosuliyo. imperatori vaxtang gorgasals atyobinebda, rom mis dasaxmareblad leonis sardlobiT 80 000 meomari moemarTeboda (es laSqari bizantiis samxedro erTeulis _ `Pontica~-s samxedro Zalebi iyo, leoni ki am samxedro erTeulis jarebis sardali). werilis motanisas bizantielTa laSqari ukve javaxeTSi iyo mosuli. es ambavi, ra Tqma unda, iranis SahisaTvis gaxda cnobili. Sahma ukeTesad CaTvala vaxtangs dazaveboda. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, sazavo molaparakebisas vaxtang gorgaslis erT-erTi mTavari moTxovna iyo, SemdegSi, iranelebi qarTlis religiur saqmeebSi aRar Careuliyvnen. Tu Sahi am pirobaze daTanxmdeboda, vaxtangi Sahs pirdeboda, rom mas `mamad da uflad~ miiCnevda. roca Sahs vaxtang mefis moTxovna moaxsenes, man ZRveni gamougzavna mefes da maT Sexvedris dro daTqves. amis Semdeg, Sahma ayara laSqari da `ukudga rusTavad~, ganTiadisas ki amaliT gamovida da dadga `velsa kalisasa~ (e. i. TbilisSi), xolo vaxtangi `dadga jaWus da Sekrbes masve velsa ornive mefeni~. 25 Sexvedrebis mesame dRes vaxtang gorgasali da bizantielTa sardali leon anTipati* kvlav Sexvdnen Sahs. vaxtangis SuamdgomlobiT Sahi bizantiasac dauzavda. am zaviT, iransa da roms Soris 363 wels dadebuli zavis pirobebiT gaTvaliswinebul sasazRvro xazze SeTanxmdnen. TbilisTan gamarTuli brZolebis gamo, `tfilisi sofeli da kalaca mooxrebuli iyo~, rac imaze migviTiTebs, 460 wlisaTvis Tbiliss galavani rom ar hqonda da jer kidev ar iyo saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebi dawyebuli samefo taxtis mcxeTidan TbilisSi gadasatanad. zavis dadebis miuxedavad, Sahs pretenziebi ar eleoda. meore dResve man vaxtang gorgasals Tavisi mobedi (cecxlmsaxuri) gamougzavna, romelmac mefes Sahis danabarebi gamoucxada: `me ise gavarige saqme rogorc Sen gsurda. marTalia, amis gamo me iranis uxucesni gamirisxdebian, radgan isini Cemgan berZnebis damarcxebas moelodnen, me ki Seni SuamdgomlobiT, piriqiT, maT Cemi teritoriebi davuTme. axla Cemi saTxovari esaa – Seni da colad momeci, Senc wamodi CemTan qarTvelTa laSqriT Cemi mtrebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelado~ _ Sahi vaxtangis umcrosi dis miranduxtis SerTvas iTxovda. Sahis am moTxovnas, bizantielma sardalma leonmac dauWira mxari da Sehpirda samxedro ZaliT daxmarebas. vaxtang gorgasali iZulebuli gaxada Sahis Txovnaze daTanxmebuliyo. hunTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad wasvla hunebi, romelTa winaaRmdeg iranelebTan erTad vaxtang gorgasals qarTvelTa laSqriT unda ebrZola, Sua aziidan indoeTis okeanemde, vrcel teritoriaze batonobdnen, maT winaaRmdeg brZola did dros moiTxovda, qveyana mefis gareSe rCeboda. ufliswuli daCi 460 wlisaTvis jer mxolod 5 wlisa iyo. meti gamosavali ar iyo, vaxtang mefem mas daadga gvirgvini, Svidi warCinebuli Tanamdgomad daniSna – maT Soris iyo `juanSer spaspeti mpyrobeli Sida qarTlisa da mflobeli yovelTa erisTavTa~. vin iyvnen iranis mtrebi, romelTa winaaRmdeg iranelebTan erTad vaxtang gorgasali jorjaneTSi, indoeTSi, sindeTsa da abaSeTSi 8 weli ibrZoda? V s-is somexi istorikosebis favstos buzandacisa da eliSes cnobebiT, iranis Sahebs aRmosavleTSi gamudmebuli brZolebi hun quSanebTan hqondaT. quSanTa* gaerTianeba zemodasaxelebul teritoriebze ax. w. damdegs Camoyalibda da im xanad Zveli msoflios imperiebs Soris erT-erTi uZlieresi iyo. Semdeg, is daemcro, da iranis Sahebma droebiT misi 26 damorCileba SeZles. vaxtangis dros saWiro gaxda xelaxla damorCileba. iranis Sahs perozsa da mefe vaxtangs mcxeTidan Tan gahyva dedofali sagduxti da vaxtangis da xuaranZe, raTa ierusalimis wmida adgilebi moelocaT. wmida adgilebis monaxulebis Semdeg, isini daeswrnen Sahis qorwils da umjobesad CaTvales vaxtang mefes q. urhaSi (igive edesa) dalodebodnen. hunebis winaaRmdeg mimavali laSqari q. nisibisSi Seikriba. iq mivida vaxtang gorgasali qarTvelTa laSqriT, aseve leoni bizantielTa razmebiT da gaemarTnen kaspiis zRvis aRmosavleT velebze (jorjaneTSi) momTabare Colebis (igive heftalitebi, TeTri hunebi) winaaRmdeg. jorjaneTSi warmatebiT damTavrebuli laSqrobis Semdeg, iranis laSqari indoeTSi gadavida (imJamad iq arsebuli quSanTa saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi huruSapura, axlandeli peSavari iyo). daimorCiles iqauri hunebi, maTgan xarki aiRes da sindeTs miadgnen. Zvel saqarTveloSi sindeTad md. indis qvemo welze arsebuli qveyana iwodeboda (esaa axlandeli pakistanis teritoria). quSanTa gaerTianeba iq ax. w. III s-Si Seiqmna. perozis laSqars sindTa mefe momzadebuli daxvda. mosaxleoba cixeebsa da qalaqebis galavnebs SigniT iyo Sexiznuli. sindTa mefis meomrebi ki moulodneli TavdasxmiT iranelTa laSqars did zians ayenebdnen. sindTa mefe `mxne, goliaTi da SemmarTebuli~, yoveldRe gamodioda sabrZolvelad. man araerT spars bumberazs sZlia. erT Rames, sindTa mefis brZanebiT, iseTi ormo amoTxares, Sig aTamde mxedris moTavseba SeiZleboda. zemodan ise SeniRbes, araferi ar etyoboda. ormos iqiT qalaqis kedlamde mxolod viwro gasasvleli gza datoves. diliT adre erTi sindi meomari sabrZolvelad gamovida. im xanad cixis kars radgan qarTvelebi darajobdnen, sind meomarTan sabrZolvelad vaxtang mefis ejibi (Zvel saqarTveloSi ejibi samefo sasaxlis msaxurTa ufross ewodeboda) saurmagi gavida. man sind meomars uTxra: `Sen ara xar Rirsi mefe SegebrZolos, mona xar da me SegebrZolebi~-o. am sityvebis gamgone sindma mebrZolma Seatriala cxeni da gaqusla. ukan saurmagi daedevna, rodesac sindi meomari, sagangebod datovebul viwro gziT SeniRbul ormos gascda, maSin Semoubrunda saurmags. saurmagma mas horoli (laxvari, Subi) sca da mokla, magram, ormodan sindi mxedrebi amovidnen da maTTan brZolaSi saurmagi daiRupa. am ambis Semyure vaxang mefe da misi erisTavebi: artavazi, bivritiani, nasari saswrafod gaeSurnen cixisaken, magram ver miaswres – sindma mebrZolebma qalaqis galavans Seafares Tavi. `maSin vaxtang savse mwuxarebiTa~ gamobrunda ukan `iglovda guamsa zeda saurmagisasa viTarca Zmisa sayvarlisasa, rameTu Tanazrdil iyo misi~. saurmagi artavazis mamis, vaxtangis mamamZuZis – saurmagis Zmiswuli iyo, mefis `erTguli, misandobeli da queli~. 27 sindTa mefem qalaqis galavnidan vaxtangs yvavisa da qoris araki mouTxro. arakis arsi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom sindeTis xelmwifem, qristian mefes urwmuno Sahis msaxurebaSi dasdo brali. Tavis mxriv, vaxtangma upasuxa da Tavis qmedeba axsna. man sindeTis mefes amcno rom wminda qalaqi ierusalimi gamoixsna, magram Tu sparselebi `mter eqnebian qristianT~, maSin igi mTlianad qristianTa mxareze dadgeboda. bolos vaxtang gorgasali sindTa mefem orTabrZolaSi gamoiwvia. vaxtang mefe daTanxmda. orives xelT horolebi (Subebi) epyraT. daiwyo orTabrZola da `iwyes rbevad mrguliv navardsa~, orive marjve dros eZebda, raTa mowinaaRmdegisaTvis Subi eZgerebina. pirvelad es sindTa mefem moaxerxa, magram mefem `simxniTa da sikiskasiTa (e.i. moqnilobiT, v. g.) tanisa misisaTa~ horoli aicila da, sapasuxod Tavisi horoli ise sca marcxena beWSi, rom saWurvelis simagrem ver gauZlo da Subis piri erTi wyrTa win gavida. cxenidan Camovardnil sindTa mefesTan miiWra vaxtangi fexSi xeli staca da iranis Sahis win miaTria. am ambis Semyure sparsTa mefe da `yoveli banaki misi~ sixaruliT aRivso, `yovelman spaman xmiTa maRliTa SesZaxes qeba vaxtangs~. Sahma daWrili sindTa mefisaTvis mkurnali ixmo, undoda misi tyved wayvana, magram vaxtangis TxovniT igi gaaTavisufla, misi ori Svili ki mZevlad aiyvana. sindeTs indoeTze orjer meti xarki gadaaxdevina, romelic vaxtangs mianiWa. Tavis mxriv, sindTa mefem didi madloba moaxsena mefes, jer imisTvis, cxenidan gadmovardnili rom ar mokla, meore – tyveobidan rom daixsna, amitom man Tavis mxriv, ZRveni `miuwvdomeli da didZali~ miuZRvna vaxtang gorgasals. sindeTs SesvliTgan meoTxe wels laSqari abaSeTisaken gamoemarTa. Sahin-Sah perozTan erTad vaxtang gorgaslis abaSeTSi laSqrobis ambavi, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erT yvelaze zRaprul ambad iTvleboda. saqme is iyo, rom V s-Si qarTvelebma Tu kargad icodnen abaSeTi rom iranis mosazRvre qveyana iyo, X-XI saukuneebidan es codna daviwyebas mieca da abaSeTad egviptis samxreTiT mdebare eTiopia iwodeboda. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cxadia, juanSeris cnobebi abaSeTze Cvenma mecnierebma ararealurad miiCnies. aq naxseneb abaSeTSi sinamdvileSi romeli regioni igulisxmeba, amas qvemoT ganvmartav. sindeTidan wamosuli laSqari, rogorc gairkva, axlandeli avRaneTisa da iranis saxelmwifoebSi Semavali Zveli drangianas teritoriaze Sevida. Zv. w. II s-Si am mxareSi sakebi (iranuli modgmis tomebi) damkvidrdnen, ris gamoc igi `sakastanad~ (`sakebis qveynad~) iwoda. III s-Si iq quSanebi gabatondnen, romelnic iranelebma daipyres, imxanad ki gandgomilebi iyvnen. axla vnaxoT, rogor axasiaTebs am qveyanas juanSeri: `da movides muniT (e. i. sindeTidan) abaSeTs, xolo abaSni msxdomare iyvnes queyanasa, romelsa mosdgmida wyali da lerwmoani, romelsa ver iareboda navi, da 28 verca oTxfexi, aramed sazRvarTa zeda ars sparsTasa, da sulgrZelad hbrZodes. rameTu wyali igi romel Sesdioda, gadaugdes, da lerwmoani igi dawues cecxliTa, da warmotyvevnes abaSeTi yoveli~. mkiTxveli dameTanxmeba, rom abaSeTi, marTlac, sakmaod ucnauri qveyana yofila. lerwmianSi TavSefarebul mosaxleobas iq xelovnurad SeuSviaT wyali. Tumca, wyali arc im siRrmisa iyo, navebiT Sesuliyvnen. perozis molaSqreebma mxolod wylis Zvel kalapotSi gadagdebis Semdeg waukides cecxli lerwmovans da ase daimorCiles abaSni. juanSeris cnobebi sistanis Sesaxeb erT-erTi uZvelesia da igi zustad asaxavs im viTarebas, romelzedac qvemoT SevCerdebi. XIX s-Si Sedgenili aRweriT, Sida sistanis CrdiloeTiT ori laguna (Txeli tba) mdebareobs. maT erT mxares, aRmosavleTiT md. hilmendis Zveli dinebis kalapoti esazRvreba. samxreTis sazRvars ki sistanis didi arxi qmnis, ris gamoc am teritorias sami mxridan wyali akravs. tafobSi (iranulad `hamun~), sadac zemodasaxelebuli lagunebi mdebareoben, avRaneTis mxridan mdinareebi: harud rudi, farah rudi, hilmendi da qasrudi Caedinebian. lagunebis samxreTiT gadaWimulia Waobiani sivrce (iran. `naizar~). wyaldidobisas orive laguna tbebad iqceva xolme da erTiandeba. wylis donis momatebisas tbidan gadmomdinare wyali samxreTiT mdebare Waobian sivrces faravs, ris gamoc es teritoria did tbas emsgavseba. tbebSi wylis donem Tu kidev moimata, maSin tbidan gadmomdinare wyali erTi totiT ufro samxreTiT, gavadi zarihis tbis RrmulSi gadadis da sistanis mTeli tafobi wyliT ifareba. magram, Cans, es iSviaTad xdeba. roca abaSeTis (sistanis) teritoriaze perozis laSqari Sevida, wyaldidoba ki ar iyo, aramed abaSebs tafobaSi xelovnurad hqondaT SeSvebuli wyali, ris gamoc, moxerxda wylis gadagdeba, lerwmovanis dawva da Sig msxdomare abaSTa damorCileba. `ganyvna mefeman sparsTaman abaSni orad: da naxevarni dautevna adgilsave zeda, da naxevari warmoiyvanna viTar saxeli aTasi, da ganyvna igini adgiliTi-adgilad. da eseni arian qurdni, naTesavni igi romel warmotyuena abaSTagan~. *** abaSeTis damorCilebiT dasrulda Sahin-Sah perozTan erTad vaxtang gorgaslis xangrZlivi laSqroba iranis mtrebis winaaRmdeg. 468 wels iranis dedaqalaqSi Casul perozs, iq qarTlis pitiaxSi varsqeni daxvda. gavixsenoT, rogorc `SuSanikis wamebis~ avtori iakob curtaveli wers, igi `mervesa welsa sparsTa mefisasa waremarTa karad samefod~. 29 459 wels avida taxtze perozi da misi mefobis merve weli 467 welia. ra Tqma unda, varsqenma icoda laSqrobidan vaxtangi didi saxeliTa da Sahis ndobiT aRWurvili rom dabrundeboda, amjerad misTvis Zneli ar iqneboda urC qveSevrdoms gasworeboda. amitom daaswro varsqenma. Sahis karze cecxlTayvanismcemlobis miRebiTa da SahTan danaTesavebiT, igi vaxtangisagan xelSeuxebeli pirovneba gaxda. Tumca Sah perozis daRupvisTanave, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, igi vaxtang mefem moakvlevina. sanam qarTvelTa laSqari iranelTa banaks datovebda, Sahma Tavisi asuli colad vaxtang mefesac SesTavaza, magram vaxtangma upasuxa: `ara jer ars Cemgan orTa colTa pyroba, rameTu mivis me coli asuli keisrisa~. Sahs ar moewona mefis pasuxi, `daumZimda metad~, magram vaxtangs, romelsac mis gamarjvebebSi amdeni wvlili miuZRoda, araferi uTxra. amgvarad: `warmovida vaxtang welsa mervesa~ sparseTs Sesvlidan da mivida q. urhaSi, sadac `mSvidobiT povna deda da dai misi~. urhadan wamosulni ki roca bizantiis sazRvars miadgnen, bizantielTa laSqari leonis sardlobiT bizantiis Sida raionebisaken gaemarTa, vaxtang mefem ki aqedan `waravlina mociquli warmoyvanebad colisa misisa da petresaTvis~. vaxtangi imperators sTxovda, petre kapadokieli qarTlis kaTalikosad ekurTxebinaT (es aqti, imperiis, kerZod antioqiis sapatriarqos mier, qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis anu damoukideblobis miniWebas niSnavda). qarTlSi Semosul mefes `Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni spasalarni, da maT Tana episkoposni~ miegebnen. maT Soris iyo, im xanad qarTlis eklesiis meTauri, vaxtangis aRmzrdeli miqaeli. roca miqaelma Seityo mefis ganzraxva qarTlis kaTalikosad petres dasmis Sesaxeb, `iwyo amboxebad da mizezobad~ _ mefes qristianobis datovebasa da cecxlTayvanismceblobis miRebaSi dasdo brali. mefem uaryo miqaelis braldeba da uTxra, rom qristes ZaliTa da TanadgomiT moiara es laSqroba, konstantinopolSi ki, marTlac gaagzavna mociquli TxovniT, raTa petre kaTalikosad ekurTxebinaT. am sityvebis gamgone miqaelma `krul-yo mefe da yovelni spani misni~. aseTi dawyevlis miuxedavad, mefem scada viTareba ar gaemwvavebina, gadmoxda cxenidan da daapira episkoposis fexs mTxveoda, magram miqaelma `miamTxvia pirsa mefisasa fandakiTa*~ da mefes kbili Caumtvria. mefem miqaels, ra Tqma unda, es aRar apatia, mas `vecxlis moyvare~ uwoda, gadaayena qarTlis eklesiis meTauris kaTedridan da dasasjelad konstantinopolSi gaagzavna, sadac `mRviZarTa~ monasterSi monazvnad aRkveces. rogorc viciT, dedofalma sagduxtma miqaeli im dros moiyvana bizantiidan, roca binqaran cecxlTayvanismcemlis zewoliT mravalma qarTvelma datova qristianoba da miqaeli SeebrZola binqarans. isic 30 viciT, rom miqaeli vaxtangis aRmzrdeli iyo. amitom, cxadia, Cndeba kiTxva, ra moxda, ratom uaryo vaxtang mefem Tavisi aRmzrdeli da qristianobisaTvis Tavdadebuli miqaeli, ar dasva is qarTlis avtokefaluri eklesiis pirvel saWeTmpyroblad, da ratom moiwadina am adgilas dasasmelad maincdamainc petre kapadokieli? qarTul samecniero literaturaSi mefesa da episkoposs Soris momxdar konfliqts xan religiur niadagze wamoWrili dapirispirebiT, xan ki miqaelis vercxlis moyvareobiT xsnidnen. magram, rogorc Cans, vaxtang mefes ar surda qarTlis damoukidebeli eklesiis pirveli meTauri isev bizantiidan (antioqiidan) gamogzavnili miqaeli yofiliyo. amiT eklesiis damoukideblobas azri ekargeboda. pontoSi laSqrobisas gacnobili petre kapadokieli ki vaxtang mefisa da, saerTod, qarTvelTa TvalSi savaraudoa, tomiT qarTvelad aRiqmeboda – qarTveli iyo (gavixsenoT, aseve kapadokiidan iyo qarTvelTa ganmanTlebeli wmida nino, pontodan iyo warmoSobiT qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefis, mirianis, meore meuRle nana dedofali). rogorc Cans, kapadokia, im dros qarTvelTa TvalSi qarTvelTa qveynad iyo miCneuli. 468 wels iranidan qarTlSi dabrunebis Semdeg, vaxtang gorgasali aSkarad antiiranul politikas daadga. iranis Sahi perozi da qarTlalbaneTis marzpani maSinve mixvdnen, rom vaxtangis aseT kurss Tu zRvars ar daudebdnen, qarTlze gavlenas dakargavdnen. ufro gamkacrda maTi damokidebuleba qarTlis mosaxleobisadmi, Sedegmac ar daayovna – roca irans Sua aziaSi isev gaurTulda mdgomareoba, – amierkavkasiaSi ajanyeba daiwyo. 482 wels Sahma perozma ajanyebuli heftalitebis damorCileba ganizraxa. Sua aziaSi salaSqrod amierkavkasiis qveynebSi mdgomi jarebis nawilic iranSi gaiwvia, aman Tavis mxriv ajanyeba daaCqara. antiiranuli ajanyeba albaneTSi daiwyo. mcire biZgi iyo sakmarisi somxeTisTvisac. amitom, roca vaxtang gorgasalma ajanyeba wamoiwyo, somxeTis Tavkacebmac gadawyvites misTvis miebaZaT. V s-is somexi avtoris – lazar farpecis cnobiT, im dros vaxtangi mTel amierkavkasiaSi cnobili iyo, rogorc mamaci da Wkviani meomari da somxebmac amitom gadawyvites ajanyebuli qarTlis mefisaTvis mxari daeWiraT. ajanyebis pirvelsave wels vaxtangma, marTalia, moaxerxa qarTlis cixesimagreebSi mdgomi iranuli garnizonebis gandevna, magram Crdilo kavkasiidan didi laSqris gadmoyvana ver SeZlo – damxmared mas mxolod 300 huni mouvida. 483 wlis gazafxulze ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg iranidan mihranisa da atrnersehis sardlobiT didi laSqari gamogzavnes. vaxtangi iZulebuli iyo qarTvelTa laSqriT qarTlis sazRvarTan somxeTis mTianeTSi gadasuliyo. iq eloda somxeTis damxmare Zalebs. mefe maT hunTa didi Zalebis mosvlasac pirdeboda. vaxtang mefis mowodebaze somexTa sardali vahan mamikoniani somexTa laSqriT mTebSi 31 avida. aSkara iyo rom iranis laSqari qarTlis mosaxleobis Zarcvas daiwyebda, amitom vaxtangs surda, barSi Casuliyvnen da iq Sebmodnen mters, magram somxebi uars ambobdnen. lazar farpecis cnobiT, vahan mamikoniani xedavda `somexTa jaris sisustes~, `mas dahkargvoda mxneoba da dauZlurebuli iyo~, ar hqonda `sxva drois gulmodgineba da mondomeba~. bevri somexi mzad iyo iranelTa mxareze gadasuliyo. vaxtang mefem, somxebi barSi Casvlaze rom daeTanxmebina, aseTi xerxic ki ixmara. somexTa da qarTvelTa jaridan gagzavnil mstovrebs Soridan daanaxes mravlad danTebuli koconebi, romelTa irgvliv meomarTa msgavsad xis kunZebi elaga. vaxtangis ganmartebiT es hunTa laSqari iyo da eloda barSi somxebisa da qarTvelebis Casvlas. vaxtangi somxebs arwmunebda, TiTqos, hunebs eTqvaT, oRond somxebi Camovidnen aq da mere sparselebs Cven TviTon gavuswordebiTo. bolos da bolos vaxtang mefem Tavisi gaitana, 483 wlis zafxulSi diliT adre, ajanyebulTa laSqari Warmanianis velze iranelebs Seeba. vaxtang gorgasali da vahan mamikoniani TavganwirviT ibrZodnen, ajanyebulebma garkveul warmatebasac miaRwies, magram am dros somexTa nawilma brZolis veli miatova. ajanyebulTa Soris Seqmnili uwesrigobiT isargebles iranelebma da ufro medgrad Seuties. ajanyebulTagan bevri tyved Cavarda, danarCenebma gaqceviT uSveles Tavs. seqtemberi dadga da iranelTa sardlebma qarTli datoves. 483-484 wlebis zamTarma mSvidad Caiara. 484 wlis gazafxulze qarTlSi didi laSqriT iranelTa axali sardali zarmihr hazaravuxti Semovida. mas Sahisagan davalebuli hqonda `qarTlis mefe vaxtangi an Seepyra, an moekla, anda qveynidan gaeZevebina~. Sahi ki kvlav heftalitebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gaemarTa. qarTlSi Semosulma iranelTa sardalma mefes ki aRar gaumarTa brZola, moRalate didebulebi daibara TavisTan. aseTi qarTlis samefoSi araerTi gamoCnda. vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda egrisSi gadasuliyo, magram dro isev qarTvelTa sasargeblod Seicvala, – qarTlSi iranis laSqris didi nawilisa da TviT perozis daRupvis ambavi movida. hazaravuxtma qarTli datova. qarTlSi dabrunda vaxtang mefe da qveynis aRdgena daiwyo. man saswrafod moiSora Tavidan moRalate didebulTa Tavkaci varsqen pitiaxSi – es moxda 484 wels. marTalia, am ajanyebiT vaxtang mefem qarTli iranelTa gavlenisagan ver gaaTavisufla, magram iranis taxtze asuli axali Sahi valarSi ajanyebulTa mimarT daTmobebze wavida. vaxtang mefem kvlav ganagrZo brZola qveynis gasaZliereblad. 32 * * * zemoT, roca vaxtang gorgaslis mcdelobiT qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis mopovebaze vsaubrobdi, am movlenis TariRi ar aRminiSnavs. 468 wels qarTlidan gaZevebuli miqael episkoposi konstantinopolis patriarqma dasaja da vaxtang mefem petre kapadokielis kurTxeva imperatorsa da konstantinopolis patriarqs sTxova. amitom, am bolo dromde fiqrobdnen, rom avtokefaliis mopovebamde, qarTlis eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos emorCileboda. mkvlevrebi yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen iqve arsebul cnobas, imperatorma da patriarqma vaxtangis elCoba konstantinopolidan antioqias rom `waravlines~ da `miuweres antioqiis patriarqs~: `Cven viciT, rom adridanve, `uwinaresobis~ kanonidan gamomdinare, qarTlis eklesia Tqveni wmida saydrisa iyo, `viTarca ganaweses mociqulTa saxarebasa Sina~. aseve miuweres `yoveli saqme didisa vaxtang mefisa~ da sTxoves petre kapadokieli kaTalikosad, danarCeni 11 sasuliero piri, vinc mas surda, samuelTan erTad episkoposebad ekurTxebina. qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi, qarTlis eklesia rom antioqiis eklesias emorCileboda, SemTxveviTi ar iyo. siriis dedaqalaqi – antioqia, romis imperiis aRmosavleT nawilis religiur, kulturul da administraciul centrs warmoadgenda. misi eklesia (qristianuli Temi) TviT petre mociqulis mier iyo daarsebuli. antioqias `RvTis qalaqs~ (berZn. `Teopolisi~) uwodebdnen. swored antioqiis eklesiis siZlierem da didma avtoritetma ganapiroba, III s-is damdegidan mis episkoposs ara marto romis imperiis aziuri nawilis (TviT konstantinopolisa da ierusalimis CaTvliT), aramed imperiis farglebs gareT arsebuli eklesiebic rom emorCileboda (maT Soris qarTlis, egrisis, somxeTis). antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi myofi – kapadokiis eklesiidan gamosulma misionerebma iqadages am qveynebSi qristes mcneba. maT Seasrules gadamwyveti roli, rogorc qarTlSi, ise egrisSi (aseve somxeTSi) qristianobis gamarjvebis saqmeSi. daaxloebiT 317 wels galatiidan (es iyo kapadokiis momijnave mxare. Zveli qarTveli avtori mas branjTa qveyanas uwodebs) qarTlSi Camosulma mTavardiakonma qarTlis eklesiis pirvel episkoposad ioane akurTxa. 325 wlis bolos, ki antioqiis episkoposis evstaTis mier qarTlis eklesiis kurTxevis Semdeg, qarTlis eklesiaze antioqiis eklesiis zemdgomoba damyarda. im droidan mokidebuli, qarTlis eklesiis meTaurebad antioqiidan gamogzavnili sasuliero pirebi iniSnebodnen. erT-erTi aseTi iyo miqael episkoposi. axla vaxtang mefe cdilobda qarTlis eklesia antioqiis eklesiis (451 wlidan antioqiis episkoposi patriarqad iwoda) gavlenisagan gaeTavisuflebina. 33 radgan konstantinopolis patriarqi (konstantinopolis episkoposic 451 wels, qalkedonis IV msoflio saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze iwoda patriarqad da imperiis aziur nawilSi pirvel saWeTmpyroblad iqna aRiarebuli) da imperatori (gavixsenoT imperatori leoni vaxtangis simamri iyo) Tanaxmani iyvnen qarTlis eklesiisaTvis avtokefalia mieniWebinaT. am saqmisaTvis, TiTqos, xeli arafers ar unda SeeSala. magram rodesac antioqiaSi qarTvelTa delegacia Cavida, iq monofizitebs (eseni aRiarebdnen qristes erTbunebianobas) da diofizitebs (aRiarebdnen qristes orbunebianobas), Soris iseTi dapirispireba iyo, rom petre kapadokielisa da sxva sasuliero pirebis xeldasxma ver moxerxda. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTlis eklesiis avtokefalurad aRiareba karga xniT gadaido. rogorc vaxtangis `cxovrebaSia~ naTqvami, antioqiis sapatriarqosagan qarTlis eklesiam avtokefalia qarTlis moqcevidan 170-e wlisTavze e.i. 487 wels miiRo. petre kapadokieli qarTlis kaTalikosad antioqiis patriarqma – petre fulonma akurTxa. manve akurTxa episkoposebad samuel kapadokieli da 11 sxva sasuliero moRvawe. qarTlSi Camosvlis Semdeg petre qarTlis avtokefaluri eklesiis pirveli kaTalikosi gaxda, samueli vaxtang mefem mcxeTis episkoposad daadgina. danarCenma 11-ma qarTlis samefos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi daikaves saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. mefem zogi arasasurveli episkoposi axliT Secvala, zogi saepiskoposo axlad Seqmna. es iyo vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio reforma. akad. ivane javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, V s. II naxevris qarTlis samefoSi daaxloebiT 21 saepiskoposo iyo. * * * vaxtang gorgaslis mravalmxrivi moRvaweobidan qarTveli xalxis xsovnaSi yvelaze didi kvali qarTlis samefos axal dedaqalaq TbilisSi dawyebulma didma saaRmSeneblo saqmianobam datova. miuxedavad imisa, rom vaxtang gorgaslma mxolod samuSaoebis dawyeba moaswro, xolo samefo taxti mcxeTidan TbilisSi daCi mefem gadmoitana, qarTveli xalxi Tbilisis gadedaqalaqebas mainc vaxtang gorgasals miawers. Tbilisis daarsebasTanaa dakavSirebuli lamazi legenda, romelic yvela qarTvelisTvisaa cnobili, magram mis Sinaarss qvemoT mainc movitan. Tqmulebis mixedviT, im dros Tbilisi da misi midamoebi tyiT yofila moculi. erTxel, roca vaxtang gorgasali amaliT am adgilebSi nadirobda, monadireTa win xoxobi afrinda. mefis mimino xoxobs gamoedevna. male orive frinveli Tvals miefara. mefe da misi mxleblebi imave mxarisaken wavidnen da didi xnis Zebnis Semdeg naxes, rom mimino da xoxobi wyalSi Cavardiliyvnen da Cafufquliyvnen. 34 mefem daaTvaliera is midamoebi, sadac mravlad iyo: grili, Tbili da cxeli wylebi. mefes isic moaxsenes, rom am wylebs samkurnalo Tvisebebi hqonda. mefem im adgilas qalaqis ageba brZana da Tbili wylebis gamo qalaqs `tfilisi~ (Zvelad Tbili `tfilad~ gamoiTqmoda) uwoda. Zveli Tbilisi axlandeli abanoTubnis midamoebSi aSenda. aseTia legenda, sinamdvileSi ki V s-isaTvis Tbiliss, rogorc dasaxlebul adgils didi xnis istoria hqonda. IV s-is Sua xanebidan ki TbilisSi iraneli pitiaxSi ijda. 1958 wels qarTvelma xalxma didi zeimiT aRniSna Tbilisis gadedaqalaqebis 1500 wlisTavi (igulisxmeboda, rom TbilisSi 458 wels gadaitanes samefo taxti mcxeTidan). Seiqmna 500 gverdiani gamokvleva `Tbilisis istoria~, sayovelTaod cnobili `simRera Tbilisze~ da sxva. magram, Tu Cemi qronologiiT vixelmZRvanelebT 458 wels vaxtang mefe axali dabrunebuli iyo bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobidan da iranelTa Tavdasxmis mosagerieblad qveynis cixe-simagreebs amagrebda. vaxtang mefes TbilisSi rom saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebi daewyo, igi Tavisufali unda yofiliyo iranuli garnizonisagan. aseTi dro ki 484 wlidan dadga, roca perozis daRupvis Semdeg iranelma moxeleebma da jarma qarTli datova. daaxloebiT 485 wlidan vaxtang mefem TbilisSi mSeneblobebi daiwyo, magram misi damTavreba ar dascalda. 488 wels Sahi valarSi, misive Zmiswulma – kavad perozis Zem taxtidan gadaayena da Tvalebi daTxara. amis Semdeg, roca qveyana cota moZlierda, kavadma vaxtang mefesTan mociquli gamoagzavna. mefes asuls (meore meuRlisagan mefes ori Ze da erTi asuli hyavda) da bizantiis winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi monawileobas sTxovda, razec mefem uari SeuTvala. roca mefesTan – mcxeTaSi Sahis elCi movida `vaxtang aSenebda qalaqsa tfilisisasa da safuZveli oden daedva... maSin vaxtang dReTa miwevnul iyo viTar samocisa wlisa~. 488 wels iranis taxtze axalgazrda, energiuli kavad I-is asvlis Semdeg Zireulad Seicvala valarSis droindeli uniaTo politika. hunebTan xangrZlivi brZolis gamo, qveyana Sinaganad dasustebuli iyo. misi ekonomikurad moZliereba mxolod bizantiidan miRebuli oqroTi SeiZleboda (jer kidev iezdigerd II-is dros dadebuli xelSekrulebiT kavkasiis zekarebis dacvis gamo, imperia irans 500 oqros uxdida). kavadma konstantinopolSi elCebi gaagzavna da imperiisagan moiTxova an oqro gamoegzavnaT, an omi mieRoT. es elCoba jer kidev gzaSi iyo, roca bizantiis imperatoris gardacvalebis ambavi gaiges (imperatori zenoni 491 wlis 9 apirils gardaicvala). kavadma elCebs daavala oqro axali imperatorisagan moeTxovaT, magram, radgan am Txovnaze manac uari Tqva, iranma bizantiis winaaRmdeg omi daiwyo. iranelTa laSqris erTi nawili vaxtang mefis dasasjelad gamoemarTa. 35 iranelTa SemoWramde, vaxtang mefem qveyanaSi sagangebo RonisZiebebi gaatara: `waravlina qadagni~ da mosaxleobas mouwoda kavkasiis mTebSi Sexiznuliyo: `rameTu kaxeTi tye iyo da Seuvali mterisa~. kaxeTSi, lopotis xevSi – gaxiznes daCi da samefo ojaxi. ujarmaSi iyo vaxtang mefe, xolo erisTavebi mcxeTaSi imyofebodnen. 491 wlis 1 aprilis bolos iranelTa laSqari kaxeTs moadga: `Semusrna qalaqi kambeCoani* da Weremisa da veliscixis cixeebi~ da `viTarca moiwivnes kaxeTad, daibanakes iorsa zeda~. qarTlis laSqaric iq ganlagda. gadamwyveti brZolebic ioris velze mimdinareobda _ `sam dRe yovelTa dReTa ibrZodes da daecemoda orTave spaTagan uricxvi~. samefo banakSi imyofeboda petre kaTalikosic. mefem mas uTxra: `icode, iranelebi Cven xarkis miucemlobis gamo ki ar gvebrZvian, aramed qristes rjulis datovebisaTvis. Cemi ganzraxva esaa, sjulis datovebas, qristes saxelisTvis sikvdili sjobs~-o. mefe iranelebisadmi araviTar daTmobas ar apirebda. gadamwyveti brZolis win, mefem samRdeloebas sTxova saxelze agebul taZarTan ujarmis cixesTan wmida raJdenis* gadasuliyvnen, raTa usafrTxod yofiliyvnen. TviTon ki qarTvelTa laSqari samad gayo: qveiTebi `kldiT kerZo miavlina~. calke daayena pitiaxSebi da spaspeti, xolo sadac sparsTa mefe iyo, masze Seteva TviT mefem iTava – da brZolis meoTxe, `nislisagan ganciskrebul~ (ganaTebul) Rames, vaxtangi moulodnelad SeiWra mtris banakSi, Sahis karavamde miaRwia da mokla Sahis Ze. ai, am dros `sparsman vinme sca isari mkerdsa vaxtangisasa~. daWril mefes brZolis veli ar dautovebia – brZola SuadRemde gagrZelda. TavganwirviT mebrZolma mefem da misma meomrebma mravlad gaJlites iranelebi, cxenebic mravlad igdes xelT. magram mefes Wriloba awuxebda, brZolis gagrZeleba veRar SeZlo – igi ujarmis cixeSi gadaiyvanes. iranelTa laSqari aiyara ioris velidan da `Cadga rusTavs~. rac Seexeba karnu-qalaqTan mdgom bizantielTa laSqars, imaTac Seebnen iranelebi, magram did sisxlismRvrel brZolaSi `ver sZles erTmaneTsa~. mas Semdeg ki, rac bizantielebma vaxtang gorgaslis daWris ambavi Seityves, aRarc ucdiaT qarTlSi Semosvla. 491 wels bizantielebma iranTan zavi dades. vaxtang mefes ki `daumZimda wyluleba~, radgan isari filtvSi iyo Sesuli. iranelebma moaoxres Tbilisi, armazi, mcxeTis galavnis gareT arsebuli dasaxlebebi. ujarmaSi myof mefes Wriloba TandaTan umZimdeboda. roca mefem sikvdilis moaxloveba igrZno, anu: `Seityo sikudili Tavisa Tvisisa~, miixmo `kaTalikosi, dedofali elene, Zeebi, yovelni warCinebulni~ da uTxra: `me esera warval winaSe RmrTisa Cemisa~, vmadlob mis saxels, rom mis gamorCeul wmindanebs ar damaklo. Cemi Txovnaa, mtkiced ideqiT qristianul sarwmunoebaze, eZieT saxeli 1 iv. javaxiSvili, vaxtang gorgaslis sikvdilis da Sesabamisad misi bolo brZolis TariRad 502 w. miiCnevda. 36 da qristesTvis sikvdili _ `raTa waruvali dideba moigoT~. Semdeg ganacxada, rom daCis aZlevda samefo gvirgvins, daCis Zmebs (e.i. leons da mirdats) ki dautova teritoria taSiskaridan da wundidan mokidebuli vidre bizantiis sazRvramde; aseve dedofal elenes mziTvis miwebi `egris-wyalsa da klisuras Sua~. Zmebi am teritoriebis erisTavebi unda yofiliyvnen da daCis damorCilebodnen. anderZis warmoTqmis Semdeg vaxtang mefe gardaicvala. vaxtang mefis gardacvalebam didi glova gamoiwvia mTel qarTlis samefoSi. mefis sikvdili didi danaklisi iyo rogorc warCinebulTaTvis, ise `yoveli erisaTvis~. xalxi Tavs nacars iyrida da sikvdils natrobda, tirilisa da godebisagan `iZvroda qveyana da morwmune eri hnatrida mefesa, rameTu qristesaTvis moikla~. ujarmidan mefe waasvenes mcxeTaSi da dakrZales mis mierve agebul sveticxovelis taZarSi*. l. sanikiZis sityviT: `bumberazis samaradJamo samkvidrebels bumberazi lodi dasdes... xalxSi ganumeorebeli xsovna datova saxelovanma xelmwifem. leqsebsa da simRerebs Txzavdnen `ialbuzis gmirze~. ambobdnen: gaqceul irems mefe, iaraRiT SeWurvili rom yofiliyo, mainc daeweodao. SeWurvil cxens mxarze moidebda da mcxeTidan armaz-cixeze muxlCauxrelad avidodao... saukuneTa manZilze qarTvelni da maTi mter-moyvareni gaocebulni Sescqerodnen sveticxovelSi gamofenil uzarmazar tansacmelsa da saomar aRWurvilobas. qarTul samefo droSas ewoda misi saxeli _ `gorgasliani~. 37 ganmartebiTi leqsikoni * abaSeTi – eTiopia. aq: iranis aRmosavleTi regioni sistani. anTipati, anTipatrikiosi-bizantiuri – sakariskaco tituli. s. yauxCiSvilis mixedviT, imperatoris nacvals niSnada. drahkani – oqros fulis erTeuli. etimologiurad aqemenidi mefis dariosis moWrils niSnavs (darehuli). bizantiuri drahkani 4,55 grami iyo. aqemenianTa imperia _ Zv. w. 558-330 wlebSi arsebobda. mas aleqsandre makedonelma mouRo bolo. `vigri~ _ sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, zRvis Tevzia; am saxelis xmeleTis cxovelic aris. kambeCoani – qiziyis Zveli saxeli iyo. karnu-qalaqi (Teodosiopoli) – axlandeli q. erzerumi (arzrumi) Crdilo-aRmosavleT TurqeTSi. marzpani – iranuli sityvaa da qveynis mcvels niSnavs. mirian mefe – sinamdvileSi qarTlis mefe levis (revi) Ze iyo. uZveles qarTul matianeSi - `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s qronikaSi revi 26-e mefedaa dasaxelebuli da naTqvamia `rev mamaÁ mirianisi~. mogvTa – mcxeTis erT-erTi ubani iyo, sadac cecxlTayvanismcemlebi cxovrobdnen. `mcire quSani~ _ V s-is qarTlSi indoeTSi arsebuli `mcire quSanTa~ saxelmwifo rom scodniaT, amas mowmobs bibliis teqstis Zveli qarTuli Targmani. mcire xazareTis (mdinareSi md. yubani igulisxmeba) _ leonti mrovelis cnobiT, es mdinare egrisis samefos Crdilo sazRvari (e.i. megrel-lazTa gansaxlebis) iyo. nebroTi _ iyo bibliuri personaJi, sworupovari monadire. babilonis samefos miTiuri damaarsebeli. misi saxeli dakavSirebulia Zvel saqarTvelosTanac. peroJa-kafa _ (igive xalxala) qarTl-albaneTis sazRvarze mdebare albanuri qalaqi iyo. raJdeni _ iyo vaxtang mefis pirveli meuRlis balenduxtis mamamZuZe, romelic gaqristianda. 460 wels iranelebma sof. wromSi (axland. xaSuris raioni) wamebiT mokles. vaxtang mefem misi neSti wromidan sof. niqozSi gadaasvena da iq saeposkoposo Seqmna. qarTulma eklesiam ki raJdeni wmindanad Seracxa. samSvilde – am uZvelesi da udidesi cixe-qalaqis nangrevebi qvemo qarTlSi, axlandel TeTri wyaros raionSi mdebareobs. sefewuli – Tavdapirvelad samefo sagvareulosa da samefo saxlis wevrs ewodeboda. saerTod sazogadoebis umaRlesi fenis warmomadgeneli iyo. 38 sveticxoveli _ sveticxovlis axlandeli taZari Zvelze _ vaxtang gorgaslis mier agebul taZarzea daSenebuli. sinopi – yvelaze moxerxebuli navsadguria Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiroze. igi pontos samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. iq daibada antikuri samyaros erT-erTi gamoCenili pirovneba miTridate VI evpatori – pontos samefos mbrZanebeli Zv. w. 120-63 ww. TviT pontos samefos mosaxleobis didi nawili qarTveluri warmomavlobis iyo. somxiTi _ juanSeris es cnoba saeWvod miaCniaT. `somxiTad~ Zvelad qvemo qarTli iwodeboda, rac isedac qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda. fandaki – maRalqusliani qoSi. Svideuli erTi – Svidi dRe, erTi kvira. cecxlTayvanismcemloba (igive zoroastrizmi, mazdeanoba) – sasanianTa iranis saxelmwifo religia iyo. sasanianebi mas damorCilebul qveynebSi ZaldatanebiT avrcelebdnen. qarTlis araerT mxareSi (mag. TbilisSi, nekresSi, lopotis xevSi, rexaSi (da sxvagan) aigo cecxlis taZari – aTeSgahi (spars. `aTeS~ – cecxli, `gah~ – adgili). gansakuTrebiT grandiozuli iyo axlandel qarelis raionSi, dedoflis mindorze arsebuli taZari. cixe-goji – egrisis samefos dedaqalaqi iyo. berZnuli wyaroebis arqeopolisi. cixis nangrevebi axlandel senakis raionSi mdebareobs. wyrTa – Zvel saqarTveloSi iyo sigrZis sazomi erTeuli. Sinaarsobrivad gamosaxavda manZils idayvidan Sua TiTis wveramde. sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, wyrTa _ naxevari adli – daaxl. 50,6 sm. iyo. 39 gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi: • goilaZe v., farnavazianTa saxlis qristian mefeTa qronologia, Tb., 1990. • goilaZe v., vaxtang gorgasali da misi istorikosi, Tb., 1991. • goilaZe v., qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1991. • goilaZe v., amierkavkasiaSi sasanianTa mmarTvelobis asaxva qarTul saistorio tradiciaSi, `macne~ istoriis seria, 1982 #4. • goilaZe v., asurel mamaTa samSoblo da saqarTvelo, Tb., 2002. • goilaZe v., qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis saTaveebTan, `mnaTobi~, 1984 #11. • kakabaZe s., vaxtang gorgasali da misi xana, Tb., 1994. • lorTqifaniZe m., qarTli V saukunis meore naxevarSi, Tb., 1979. • musxeliSvili d., saqarTvelo IV-VIII saukuneebSi, Tb., 2003. • juanSeri, cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa. wignSi – qarTlis cxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. I, Tb., 1955. 40
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