PASSIVE VOICE

INGLÊS - 2o ANO
MÓDULO 15
PASSIVE VOICE
Fixação
1) Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
Cause - damage - hold - include - invite - make - overtake - show - translate - write
a) Many accidents _______________ by dangerous driving.
b) Cheese ____________ from Milk.
c) The roof of the building _______________ in a storm a few days ago.
d) There’s no need to leave a tip. Service ____________ in the bill.
e) You _________________ to the wedding. Why didn’t you go?
f) A cinema is a place where films ___________.
g) In the United States, elections for President ___________ every four years.
h) Originally the book __________ in Spanish and a few years ago it ____________ into English.
i) We were driving along quite fast but we _____________ by lots of other cars.
Fixação
2) Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):
Carry - cause - do - make - repair - send - spend - wake up
Sometimes you need have (‘might have’, ‘could have’)
a) The situation is serious. Something must ______ before it’s too late.
b) I haven’t received the letter. It might _________ to the wrong address.
c) A decision will not ________ until the next meeting.
d) I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to _______ at 6:30 the next morning.
e) Do you think that less money should ____________ on armaments?
f) This Road is in very bad condition. It should ___________ a long time ago.
g) The injured man couldn’t walk and had to _______.
h) It’s not certain how the fire started but it might _____________ by an electrical fault.
Fixação
(UERJ)
The perfect body: an
unreachable quest
Human beings are vain by nature: we often like to
look good and looking good is often linked to feeling
good. However, the present emphasis on beauty,
fitness, youth, and thinness has caused many people
to try harder than ever to attain the current body
ideal – thin, fit, radiantly healthy, young and attractive.
You don’t have to go very far to notice that ideal for
people’s bodies: just open a magazine, an advertising
supplement in the newspaper, or take a look around
while waiting for a bus, walking down a street or a
university campus. The message of what we should
look like is literally everywhere and the inescapable
presence of these images shapes imaginary and
fantasized pictures in our thoughts. That ideal body is
hard to reach, and to make matters worse for the youth
today, the attitudes surrounding these body images are
very strong.
The media have helped shape certain attitudes. For
instance, one of the effects of many advertising methods
used nowadays is that the body is turned into a thing,
an object, a package. The tremendous increase in
plastic surgery attests to the extreme adjustments that
many people feel they must make in order to attain the
perfect body ideal. Besides, we are given the message
that our value depends on our physical appearance,
that anything can be accomplished if we just work hard
enough at dieting and exercising. We are told that our
efforts in perfecting our bodies will be rewarded by
success in our professional and personal lives. With that
thought in mind, individuals have come to relate to their
bodies as their objects/tools/weapons in the marketplace
of social relations.
The notion of the ideal body that is propagated by
the popular media can be linked with the economy.
There are hundreds of businesses that depend upon
the human desire for thinness and fitness to survive.
In order to create a market for their products, they
attempt to make us feel inadequate about our own
bodies. Because advertisers are well aware of the
insecurities that most individuals feel about their own
bodies, the images publicized by advertising campaigns
are chosen to create an illusion, a fantasy standard of
perfection that will keep people continually consuming.
The influential power of the diet, fashion, cosmetic and
beauty industries and their advertising strategies target
this, and the profits are sustained on the enormity of
body insecurity.
Perhaps control over body size and weight can be
seen as a kind of control that may be lacking in other
areas of our life. If we continue to pursue the elusive,
eternally youthful body beauty, we’ll only be setting
ourselves up for failure. It is important that all of us
begin to accept ourselves for who we are, regardless
of our body type, and to feel comfortable with the body
we live in.
3) A imagem presente ao lado do título concorre para o
melhor entendimento do tema abordado no texto.
Explique a ideia central do texto e estabeleça sua
relação com a imagem. Observe o fragmento contido no
segundo parágrafo.
Fixação
F
4) Besides, we are given the message.
5
Retire, do mesmo parágrafo, um outro exemplo semelhante de construção passiva e expliquet
o efeito provocado pela escolha desse tipo de construção.
Fixação
5) Ao desenvolver suas ideias, o autor apresenta uma crítica e uma denúncia, no segundo e
terceiro parágrafos, respectivamente. Explique no que consiste cada uma.
Fixação
F
6) O terceiro parágrafo menciona a estratégia adotada pela mídia e pelas indústrias para que7
haja consumo contínuo de seus produtos.
Com base na análise desse parágrafo, indique duas etapas do processo de estímulo ao
consumo.
p
Fixação
7) Observe o fragmento:
Because advertisers are well aware of the insecurities that most individuals feel about their
own bodies, the images publicized by advertising campaigns are chosen to create an illusion,
a fantasy standard of perfection that will keep people continually consuming. The influential
power of the diet, fashion, cosmetic and beauty industries and their advertising strategies
target this, and the profits are sustained on the enormity of body insecurity.
Tendo em vista que os pronomes atuam como elementos de coesão, explicite os referentes dos
pronomes sublinhados.
Fixação
F
8) O modo como as pessoas cuidam da forma física provoca consequências benéficas e nocivas.9
Apresente um aspecto positivo e outro negativo, relacionados aos cuidados com o corpo, que nãod
t
estejam mencionados no texto.
a
b
c
d
Fixação
9) (UECE) The sentences: “The later Roman Republic and the Empire produced no significant
drama;” and “Dramatists are affected, like all writers, by the presuppositions and fashions of
their time and place.” are respectively in the:
a) passive and passive voice.
b) passive and active voice.
c) active and passive voice.
d) active and active voice.
Fixação
10) (FMU) Indique a forma passiva de: “People found out all the truth”.
a) All the truth was found out.
b) All the truth had been found out.
c) All the truth was found out by people.
d) All the truth had been found out by the people.
e) All the truth had been found out.
Proposto
To the editors:
Hasn’t it occurred to any of the authors or editors of your September issue that the only
definitive way to save planet Earth is by human population control? Earth’s supply of energy
is not limitless. Unless human population growth is kept in check, there will not be enough
energy to support it.
D.H. Mitchel
Denver, Colo.
Vocabulary:
1) Issue – publication
2) Unless – except for
3) Colo – Colorado (abbrev.)
(Scientific American, February 1991, page 10.)
1) It may be inferred that in a previous issue of the magazine…
a) The human population control was merely treated.
b) An article about the salvation of the Earth was written.
c) The human population growth was considered important.
d) A definitive way to save the Earth was thought by the editors.
e) The Earth’s supply of energy would be limited.
Proposto
2) Mark the alternative which has a passive voice structure.
a) Hasn’t it occurred to any of the authors …?
b) The only definitive way to save planet Earth is by human population control.
c) Earth’s supply of energy is not limitless.
d) Unless human population growth is kept in check, …
e) There will not be enough energy to support it.
Proposto
3) (UEMA) Indicate the passive form of “That author wrote the old man and the sea”
a) That author has written the old man and the sea.
b) The old man and the sea was being written by that author.
c) The old man and the sea was written by that author.
d) The old man and the sea wrote that author.
e) n.d.a
Proposto
4) (UFPI) Assinale a alternativa que é a voz passiva da frase: “Nobody had punished the boy”.
a) The boy was not punished.
b) The boy had punished nobody.
c) The boy had not been punished by nobody.
d) The boy nobody had punished.
e) The boy had not been punished.
Proposto
.5) (FMU) A voz passiva de “Martha has kissed the teacher” é:
a) Martha has kissed him.
b) The teacher has been kissed by Martha.
c) The teacher kissed Martha.
d) The teacher was kissed by Martha.
Proposto
Com base no texto abaixo, responda às questões de
números 6 a 9.
(UERJ)
Enjoying Art
Enjoying Art! First, let me say that I am not an art expert,
far from it. I’m just an ordinary individual who happens to
love many different art forms. Art and music, among other
things, stir my passions; they simply soothe and make me
feel happy and alive! What I like about art is that it is such
a personal experience!
Art affects each of us in various ways. What I see and
feel while observing a certain sculpture or painting is not
necessarily what you will! I may think that it is the greatest,
most beautiful creation in the world, while you may say:
“What the heck was this artist thinking, or drinking?”
I stand before Michelangelo’s masterpiece, “La Pieta”,
almost entranced, sincerely affected by its beauty. I see a
47-year-old grieving mother, stunned and broken hearted.
She is seated, holding her 33-year-old son, a full-grown
man, across her lap. I empathize with her pain at the loss
of her first born! Her utter distress! Her total helplessness!
Her devastation! I breathe deeply and I sigh!
I behold the stature’s beauty of form. I observe the
graceful fold of the gowns and the details of the images.
I appreciate the beauty of the marble. Here, I see
representation of life and death, side by side, forever
present! I feel the energy of balance as I merge with their
experience. I am deeply affected, mentally, emotionally
and physically. I am enveloped in contradicting feelings
of depression and joy, of dread and hope! These figures
convey a symphony of emotions and wonder within me! I
breathe deeply, and again... I sigh! Then I think to myself:
Michelangelo, you are truly a genius! I am overwhelmed as
I think and wonder what you must have felt, as you created
this beautiful masterpiece!
The next time you’re quietly observing a piece of art that
looks interesting to you, look at the piece carefully and notice
the things that you like. Notice the shapes/designs, the color
or lack of it! Then try to get the message. Try to imagine what
the artist felt as he/she created the piece. Try to associate
it with something. Does it remind you of anything? Good!
Just get in touch with your feelings.
Pay attention to those feelings. Is it a sad scene? Does
it make you sad? Does this picture move you, make you
happy? Good, then the artist has conveyed a message to
you. Don’t know what it is? What it is supposed to represent?
But you like it anyway? Good! Don’t like it? That’s okay
too! An art object is meant to give a message and/or get a
reaction! Your reaction! So, look, feel and enjoy!
(Gwen Dickerson. www.authorsden.com)
6) The article includes multiple text types.
The three most prominent intents of the author, reflected
in the structure of the text, are:
a) classify, illustrate and start a polemic
b) narrate, describe and offer instructions
c) report, compare and present an interview
d) argue, counter-argue and introduce a dialog
Proposto
7)
Art and music, among other things, stir my passions; they simply soothe and make me
feel happy and alive! (l. 3-5)
In the above fragment, the author shares with readers his reaction toward artistic creation.
This attitude is best expressed in the following statement:
a) art serves as a remedy in painful moments in life
b) sensitive individuals experience happiness in relation to the arts
c) different art works promote identical emotional responses in people
d) artistic manifestations enhance individual sensations in a positive way
Proposto
8)
I am overwhelmed as I think and wonder what you must have felt, as you created this
beautiful masterpiece! (l. 32-34)
The underlined verbal construction expresses the notion of:
a) possible result
b) deductive thought
c) questionable truth
d) undisputable certainty
Proposto
9) The author claims that Art should be felt. The fragment that illustrates this opinion is:
a) “What I like about art is that it is such a personal experience!” (l. 5-6)
b) “What I see and feel while observing a certain sculpture or painting is not necessarily what
you will!” (l. 7-9)
c) “Notice the shapes/designs, the color or lack of it!” (l. 38-39)
d) “An art object is meant to give a message and/or get a reaction!” (l. 48-49)