Workshop Bioenergia_Roosevelt

Transcrição

Eucalypt Plantations to Produce Charcoal for the
Pig Iron and Steel Industry in Brazil
Silvicultural aspects and forest-industry integration
Eng. Florestal, MSc.
Sc. Roosevelt Almado
Gerência Té
Técnica de Pesquisa e Silvicultura
12/06/2013
ArcelorMittal BioFlorestas
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ARCELORMITTAL BIOFLORESTAS
North (41.562 ha)
11 communities
Bahia (18.553 há)
6 communities
ArcelorMittal Cariacica
Sweet River(61.240 ha)
Mid West(34.518 ha)
15 communities
ArcelorMittal Juiz de Fora
17 communities
Zona da Mata (Forest Producer) 297 Farmers
Itens
ArcelorMittal BioFlorestas
Total Area - ha
155.000
Planted Area- ha
95.000
Charcoal Production: kton
Workforce(Own + contrac) Jun 2013
Neighboring communities
330
1.260
49
1
ARCELORMITTAL BIOFLORESTAS OBJECTIVES
ü Meet the demand for charcoal ArcelorMittal Brazil Long (self / pig iron producers)
within the parameters of quality and costed.
ü Contribute to the generation of long steel business EBITDA.
ü Contribute to strengthening the image of ArcelorMittal in its drive for Sustainable
Development.
ü Acting in line with the standards and policies ArcelorMittal management priority
health and safety, social relationships and environmental and business ethics.
2
GENERAL INFORMATION
•1 hectare
10,000 m²
•1 hectare
produce 45 m³ wood / year (average)
•Eucalyptus rotation
7 years
•Eucalyptus cycle
3 cut or 21 years (7 x 3)
•1 hectare
315 m³ wood (7 years)
•1,2 m³ wood
produce 1 m³ charcoal
•1 m³ charcoal
250 kg charcoal (average)
•To produce 1 ton of pig iron
2,6 to 3,0 m3 of charcoal or 750 kg charcoal
•1 m³ charcoal
USD 50.00 (cost) and USD 85.00 (Open market)
•1 ton of charcoal
USD 225.00 (cost) and USD 370.00 (Open market)
•1 hectare of eucalyptus
need 1,333 seedlings (3,0 m x 2,5 m = 7,5 m2)
•To produce 1 seedling
90 days (average)
•Coke SOL MRF9
USD 611 /t FOB Vitória - USD 642 /t CIF Monlevade
•Pig iron – Internal market
USD 480.00 – 510.00 / t FOB Sete Lagoas
•Pig iron – External market
USD 510.00 / t FOB Vitória
1.0 a 1.3 million ton
•Greenfield cellulose
1.3 a 1.5 MUSD
4,0 m³ wood / ton cellulose (average)
3
ARCELORMITTAL BIOFLORESTAS: FOREST PRODUCTIVITY
4
WOOD DENSITY EVOLUTION
5
NEW PLANTATION EVOLUTION
14.000
12.175
11.302
12.000
9.557
10.000
9.749
7.479
8.000
6.000
4.899
4.826
4.531
4.000
1.886
1.215
2.000
0
0
2009
2010
0
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2011
2012
6
PRODUCTION FLOW
Seedling Production
Planting
7
7
HARVESTING PROCESS
Feller - 84 m³ / hour
Feller - 70 m³ / hour
Chainsaw- 2,2 m³ / hour
Axe –
1,0 m³ / hora
8
8
Cutting
Drag
Desdobra
Charging
Transport
9
9
CHARCOAL PRODUCTION
AM 700 (800 m³/mês)
AM 32 (425 m³/mê)
AM 13
(185 m³/mês)
AM 40 (55 m³/mês)
Circular (55 m³/mês)
Rabo quente (24 m³/mês)
Meda (20 m³/mês)
10
10
KILNS
CHARCOAL YARD
AM-32
CHARCOAL
TRANSPORT
AM-700
FACILITIE
• CARBONIZATION PROCESS
4 DAYS
• COOLING PROCESS
8 DAYS
• TOTAL PROCESS
12 DAYS (AVERAGE)
• TOTAL PROCESS
8 DAYS
11
11
EVOLUTION OF KILN / PRODUCTION CAPPACITY
KILN MODEL
12
12
EVOLUTION OF COST REDUCTION
120
100
94
100
75
80
57
54
%
60
48
40
20
Basic
AM 40
AM 110
AM 220
AM 32
AM 13
700
13
GAS BURNER
90% reduction in CO emissions and 87% of CH4
14
tubular systems
exhaust
Reduction of moisture in 40% (30/18) and improving the RG 9% (33/36% bs);
Cooling System Forced
Heat exchange gas / water
37% reduction in the average cooling time (8/5 days)
15
SUSTAINABILITY
• Reduction of greenhouse gases
• Reduction in wood consumption
• Increased furnace productivity
• Better control of processes
• Reducing the cost of coal expected in 6%
CO-GENERATION
FRIABILITY, DENSITY FIXED CARBON .... customer
focus ... creating dependency-Flower Ind.
• Ex: UPE Buritis - Possibility Generation 2MW
• Unit is operating and supplying partial community
16
OPERTIONAL FLOW
EMISSIONS
Wood Dryer
WOOD
CHARGING
DISCHARGING
TIME LINE
0,5
8,0 (Gain 33%)
0,5
(DAYS)
17
17
ENVIRONMENT ACTIVITIES
§ Biodiversity conservation;
§ Environmental Monitoring program (fauna, flora, water, air);
§ Biologic Control of plagues and diseases;
§ Prevention against forest fires;
§ Soil Mapping;
§ Environmental Education Program;
§ Carbon Credits.
Summary of the Possibility of Credits of the ongoin Projects
1.
Industrial Project: Switching coke by charcoal in AML and Aperam blast furnaces
950.000 tCO2 / year.
2.
Carbonization Project: 450.000 tCO2 / year (Emission reduction of CH4 in
carbonization klins).
3.
Forestry Farmer Program (includes 200 small suppliers of AML: 650.000 tCO2
(total in 5 years). Can be renewed.
4.
Own Forestry Projects: 4.500.000 tCO2 (total in 18 years).
Total year: 6.550.000 tCO2
USD 25.000.000 (Estimated)
BALANCE OF CO2 AND O2 IN PIG IRON PRODUCTION
Un. Kg / ton PIG IRON O2
EDGES
CO2
1589
160
COAL MINE
684
1883
306
134
284
LOGISTICS
Coqueria
1274
CO2
O2
EMISSION
REMOTION
BLAST FURNACE
_________________________________________________
1508
3697
PLANTATION
1789
934
674
CARBONIZATION
144
723
228
LOGISTICS
164
1111
CO2
O2
REMOTION
EMISSION
BLAST FURNACE
20
Genetic and Forest Improvement Program
IMPORTANCE
§
Adaptation of the clones to the edapho-climate conditions
§
Increase in productivity
§
Inprovement of the technological characteristics of the wood
§
Cost x benefits relationship
§
Economical competitiveness
HISTORIC
GFIP AMBIO
Eucalyptus
Corymbia
• E. grandis
C. torelliana
• E. urophylla
• E. grandis x E. urophylla
X
• E. camaldulensis
• E. tereticornis
• E. pellita
• E. resinifera
• E. robusta
• E. paniculata
C. citriodora
C. maculata
C. henryi
C. intermedia
C. nesophylla
23
SMALL TERM STRATEGY
E. tereticornis E. paniculata E. resinifera
E. camaldulensis E. pellita
CONTROLLED
POLLINATION
HYBRID PROGENIES
Cluster Family
Breeding Strategy
(Coterril, 2001)
CLONAL SELECTION
CLONE
CLONE SUPERIOR
SUPERIOR
PLANTATION
PLANTATION
MULTI SPECIES SINTHETHIC POPULATION
(LONG TERM)
E.
E.urophylla
urophylla
E.
E.resinifera
resinifera
E.
E.pellita
pellita
E.
E.
E.camaldulensis
camaldulensis
E.grandis
grandis
E.
E.paniculata
paniculata
PS2
PS2nn
PS1
PS1nn
Synthetic populations in
environments with a water
deficit in the steel industry
charcoal.
HYBRIDS
HYBRIDS
PS1n+1
SRR-PSME
SRR-PSME
Proposed
Proposed by
by
Resende
Resende ee
Assis
Assis (2008)
(2008)
PS2n+1
"simultaneously improve different
adaptive traits and wood
quality."
RESULTADO PRINCIPAL: Registro dos Primeiros
AMBioFlorestas
Selection: In the experimental area in the RRD (2007/10/11/12)
Reviews: Volume, Adaptation, Pylodin Density, Density Laboratory, Coal
Analysis Laboratory.
Análise
Nomenclatura de seleção
MATERIAL GENÉTICO
DENSIDADE BÁSICA (g/cm³)
RESISTÊNCIA MECÂNICA (%)
DENSIDADE APARENTE (g/cm³)
POROSIDADE (%)
RENDIMENTO GRAVIMÉTRICO (%)
UMIDADE DO CARVÃO (%)
CINZAS (%)
MATÉRIAS VOLÁTEIS (%)
CARBONO FIXO (%)
4730
38 meses
4737
84 meses
4774
CAF 1357
AM 01
AM 02
AM 03
AEC 1528
0,607
86,8
0,435
4,0
43,2
3,20
5,4
26,8
67,9
0,552
86,1
0,354
4,2
41,3
2,20
5,5
24,8
69,7
0,572
81,7
0,396
4,4
40,6
2,83
6,0
25,9
67,8
0,531
77,8
0,343
4,9
40,2
1,95
1,2
26,1
72,8
RECOMMENDATION OF TYPE OF FOREST MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT FOR WOOD CHARCOAL 7.5 m2
Ø Spacing: 3.00 x 2.50 m
Ø STAND = 1,333 plants / ha
Ø Current average IMA 1st Cut = 32.7 m³ / ha / year.
Ø IMA Middle plantations from 2013-1 first cut = 42 m³ / ha / year.
Ø Cutting age: 07 years
Ø Rotations: 02
Ø Stewardship budding: bud 01 / cepa
Ø Clonal material indicated: AEC 2111, AEC 1528, AEC 0020 E VM04
28
MAIN THEMES HIGHLIGHITED BY BRAZILIANS PROFESSIONALS
RELATED TO CHARCOAL PRODUCTION AND BIOMASS
ITEM
%
IMPORTANCE
Enhancement mechanized kilns: Processes and burning gas
recirculation, cooling and cogeneration
97
Process cooling kilns and cogeneration
95
Processes of co-generation power
92
Final quality charcoal: Assessment of income, grain size, physical
characteristics, and chemical resistance (brittleness) and generation of
fines.
92
Process control
85
industrial automation
85
Market for carbon credits
85
Waste management in coal production
77
construction materials
70
Species Alternative biomass production
65
29
3. RESULTADOS – Floresta & Indústria
PLANTAS DE CARBONIZAÇÃO / USINAS
QUESITO
%
IMPORTÂNCIA
Quality of raw material and final product (rainy season)
92
Process control (rainy season)
90
Waste Management (Tar)
85
Instability of the quality parameters (CF; ashes; moisture; fines)
78
Environmental Conditions / emissions
75
Heterogeneity of charcoal
75
Standard sampling charcoal
70
Civil projects / drain
65
30
ACTION
•
Develop breeding lines for quality of raw material: coal and biomass
quality begins with a well-structured and focused;
•
Search accessory species not traditionally used at intersections that may
confer questions that ensure the quality of the raw material required;
•
Breeding programs should preferably be attended by multidisciplinary
team approach in the management and technology of wood together;
•
Encourage / coordinate the establishment of genebanks;
•
Investing in systems prediction of pests and diseases with a focus to
prevent defoliation of stands;
•
Act together with other institutions seeking to improve the carbonization
processes with focus on the understanding of thermal processes and
flow of gases within the furnace;
31
ACTION
• Act together with other institutions seeking building materials suitable for
carbonization;
• Develop research programs focused on the exploration and development of
alternative products to control pests and diseases;
• Developing lines of research aimed at the recovery of waste steel and wood
carbonization processes (tar);
• Develop research programs focused on the use of forest residues relation x energy
production (sustainability);
• Create and encourage discussion forums on safety and ergonomics in forestry
activities;
• Develop programs for the quantification of carbon uptake by forest plantations
subsidizing projects and methodologies for the generation of CER'S;
• Act politically with agencies and related institutions to consolidate the benefits of
forest plantations facing climate change;
32
ACTION
• Deploy an experimental network of long-term, focusing on forests densely
(energy), with properly designed experiments and monitored for situations
bio-soil and climate strategies to enable the establishment, validation and
dissemination of appropriate models for biomass and charcoal .
33
THANK YOU!
Roosevelt Almado
Gerência Té
Técnica
écnica de Pesquisa e Silvicultura
T
(31) 32193219-1549
-1549
3219
[email protected]
34

Workshop Bioenergia_Roosevelt

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