PowerPoint Slides Brazilian Portuguese Translation Psychosocial

Transcrição

PowerPoint Slides Brazilian Portuguese Translation Psychosocial
PowerPoint Slides
Psychosocial Impact of Breast Cancer
Hoping and Coping
VideoTranscript
Professional Oncology Education
Psychosocial Impact of Breast Cancer
Hoping and Coping
Time: 49:03
Lakshmi Rai Naik, MA, LCSW
Assistant Director
Department of Social Work
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Hi, I am Lakshmi Naik, an Assistant Director in the
Department of Social Work at MD Anderson Cancer
Center. Today, I will be speaking about the
psychosocial impact of breast cancer, hoping and
coping.
Brazilian Portuguese Translation
Impacto psicossocial do câncer de mama
Como manter a esperança e enfrentar o estresse
Transcrição do vídeo
Educação profissional em oncologia
Impacto psicossocial do câncer de mama
Como manter a esperança e enfrentar o estresse
Hora: 49:03
Lakshmi Rai Naik, MA, LCSW
Diretora Adjunta
Departmento de Assistência Social
MD Anderson Cancer Center da Universidade do
Texas
Olá, sou Lakshmi Naik, Diretora Adjunta do
Departamento de Assistência Social do MD
Anderson Cancer Center. Hoje vou falar a respeito
do impacto psicossocial do câncer de mama, de
como manter a esperança e enfrentar o estresse.
Psychosocial Impact
of Breast Cancer
Hoping and Coping
Lakshmi Rai Naik, MA, LCSW
Assistant Director
Department of Social Work
1
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Objectives
• To understand the psychosocial impact of breast cancer
• To more effectively meet the emotional and
relationship needs of patients with breast cancer by
integrating psychosocial assessments and interventions
as part of the treatment and follow-up process
• To gain a better understanding about the possible
resources among the various professionals and staff
The objectives of this presentation are: to first
understand the psychosocial impact of breast cancer;
to more effectively meet the emotional and
relationship needs of patients with breast cancer by
integrating
psychosocial
assessments
and
interventions as part of the treatment and follow-up
process; to gain a better understanding about the
possible resources among various professionals and
staff; and to increase awareness amongst medical
teams of the process for assessment, some of the
tools we use, and how to direct referrals.
Os objetivos desta apresentação são: em primeiro
lugar, entender o impacto psicossocial do câncer de
mama visando atender mais eficazmente às
necessidades emocionais e de relacionamento das
pacientes com câncer de mama ao integrar as
avaliações psicossociais e as intervenções como
parte do tratamento e do processo de
acompanhamento; para adquirir uma melhor
compreensão dos possíveis recursos existentes
entre os vários profissionais e a equipe e para
aumentar a conscientização entre as equipes
médicas do processo de avaliação, alguns dos
instrumentos que utilizamos e como orientar os
encaminhamentos.
According to the MD Anderson Strategic Vision,
Strategy 1.4 states, “We will continue to enhance the
patient
experience
by
providing
counseling,
compassion and hope in a supportive environment” by
meeting “every patient’s emotional needs that will be
assessed and identified, providing referrals to the
appropriate psychosocial services throughout the
entire spectrum of care at MD Anderson Cancer
Center.”
De acordo com a Visão Estratégica do [centro] MD
Anderson, a Estratégia 1.4 afirma: “Continuaremos
a melhorar a experiência do paciente ao
proporcionar
aconselhamento,
compaixão
e
esperança num ambiente de apoio” ao atender “às
necessidades emocionais de cada paciente que
será avaliado e identificado, ao providenciar
encaminhamentos aos serviços psicossociais
adequados em todo o espectro de cuidados
oferecidos no MD Anderson Cancer Center”.
• To increase awareness among medical teams of
the process for assessment, tools used and how
to direct referrals
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
MD Anderson Cancer Center Goals and
Strategies for Future Achievement 20052005-2010
• Strategy 1.4: “We will continue to enhance the patient
experience by providing counseling, compassion, and
hope in a supportive environment”
• Vision: “Every patient’s emotional needs are assessed
and identified providing referrals to the appropriate
psychosocial service throughout the entire spectrum of
care at MD Anderson Cancer Center”
2
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Dr. Louis Lasagna in 1964 stated, “I will remember
that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth,
but a sick human being, whose illness may affect the
patient’s family and economic stability. My
responsibility includes these related problems, if I am
to care adequately for the sick.”
Em 1964, o Dr. Louis Lasagna declarou: “Lembrarei
que eu não cuido de um ‘gráfico de febre’ um tumor
maligno, mas sim de um ser humano doente cuja
doença pode afetar a família e a estabilidade
econômica do paciente. Minha responsabilidade
inclui esses problemas relacionados, se é que
tenho de cuidar adequadamente do doente”.
And so our goal is to look at the cancer patient in
relation with the patient’s environment; treating the
whole patient’s physical health, spiritual health,
emotional health, psychological functioning in the
cultural and social context of his life.
E, por isso, nossa meta é considerar o paciente
canceroso em relação ao seu próprio ambiente,
tratar integralmente a saúde física, espiritual e
emocional e o funcionamento psicológico do
paciente no contexto cultural e social da sua vida.
“I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart,
a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose
illness may affect the person’s family and economic
stability. My responsibility includes these related
problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.”
A modern Hippocratic Oath, written by Louis Lasagna, M.D., 1964
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Treating the Whole Patient
Physical
Health
Psychosocial
Refers to the social, psychological,
emotional, spiritual, quality of life and
functional aspects of person’s life
Emotional
Function
Spirituality
3
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Definition of Psychosocial Health Services
“Psychosocial health services are psychological and
social services and interventions that enable patients,
their families, and health care providers to optimize
biomedical health care and to manage the
psychological/behavioral and social aspects of illness
and its consequences so as to promote better health.”
So, what do we mean and how do we define
psychosocial health services? The Institute of
Medicine of the United States brought out a report in
2008 titled: Cancer Care for the Whole Patient:
Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs, where they say,
“Psychosocial health services are psychological and
social services and interventions that enable patients,
their families and healthcare providers to optimize
biomedical health care and to manage the
psychological, behavioral and social aspects of illness
and consequences so as to promote better health.”
Então, o que queremos dizer e como definimos os
serviços psicossociais na saúde? O Institute of
Medicine dos Estados Unidos publicou um relatório
em 2008 intitulado: “Cancer Care for the Whole
Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs”,
[Cuidado oncológico do paciente como um todo:
como atender às necessidades psicossociais na
saúde] no qual afirmam: “Os serviços de atenção
psicossocial à saúde são serviços psicológicos e
sociais e intervenções que permitem aos pacientes,
suas famílias e profissionais de saúde otimizar a
atenção biomédica à saúde e manejar os aspectos
psicológicos, comportamentais e sociais da doença
e consequências de forma a melhorar a saúde”.
So, what is the challenge and opportunity? Our
challenge, basic, is to understand that psychosocial
barriers and emotional health of patients and their
family members are as crucial as their medical
treatment in the cancer journey. And so, one cannot
happen without the other.
Então, qual é o desafio e a oportunidade? Nosso
desafio, basicamente, é entender que as barreiras
psicossociais e a saúde emocional dos pacientes e
de seus familiares são tão importantes quanto o
tratamento médico deles na travessia do câncer. E,
por isso, um não pode acontecer sem o outro.
IOM Brief Report 2008. Cancer care for the whole patient: Meeting psychosocial health needs.
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
The Challenge and Opportunity
• To understand that psychosocial barriers and
emotional health of patients and their family
members are as crucial as their medical
treatment in the cancer journey
4
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Meeting the Challenge
• Provide a culture of compassion in which patients’ emotional
concerns related to cancer treatment are acknowledged and
supported by MD Anderson faculty and staff in alignment with
various initiatives like: The Psychosocial Council Initiative, The
Relationship Centered Care Model, The Customer Service
Initiative, The Culture of Caring Initiative, The Cancer
Survivorship Initiative
• Increase knowledge about the various professional
psychosocial resources available to support patients and
their family members within MD Anderson
• Provide timely referrals to psychosocial professionals
so that patients and family members may access appropriate
support quickly
How do we meet this challenge? We meet this
challenge by providing a culture of compassion in
which every patient’s emotional concerns related to
treatment are acknowledged and supported by
everyone in the institution. We have started several
initiatives to assist with this: The Psychosocial
Council, The Relationship Centered Care Model, The
Customer Service Initiative, The Culture of Caring,
and The Cancer Survivorship Initiative. To also
increase the knowledge about various professional
psychosocial resources within the institution; a lot of
times there are a lot services that happen within an
institution, but professionals, the physicians, the
nurses, the medical teams, are not always aware of
these supportive services and how patients can be
connected to them. Providing timely referrals to these
psychosocial professionals, so an oncologist is
looking at a patient, looking at the disease status,
looking at the chemotherapy to be started, the patient
is in great pain, the patient has a lot of fatigue, has
nausea, has vomiting. A lot of these problems may be
addressed right away, but the patient’s other
problems, which may include emotional pain, the fear,
the anxiety, the panic, the family caregiver issues, the
financial, the social, and the cultural context, are not
always specifically addressed.
Como vencemos esse desafio? Vencemos esse
desafio ao oferecer uma cultura de compaixão na
qual os problemas emocionais de cada paciente
relacionados ao tratamento são reconhecidos e
respaldados por todos na instituição. Iniciámos
várias iniciativas para auxiliar nesse processo: O
Psychosocial Council [Conselho Psicossocial], o
Relationship Centered Care Model [Modelo de
cuidados centrados no relacionamento], a Customer
Service Initiative [Iniciativa de atenção ao cliente], a
Culture of Caring [Cultura de solidariedade] e a
Cancer Survivorship Initiative [Iniciativa de
sobrevivência ao câncer]. Também para aumentar o
conhecimento sobre vários recursos psicossociais
profissionais dentro da instituição; muitas vezes,
existem muitos recursos dentro de uma instituição,
mas nem sempre os profissionais, os médicos, os
enfermeiros, as equipes médicas têm conhecimento
desses serviços de apoio e como os pacientes
podem ter acesso a eles. Ao oferecer
encaminhamentos oportunos a estes profissionais
de psicossociologia, um oncologista examina uma
paciente, analisa o estado da doença, a
quimioterapia a ser iniciada, a paciente sente muita
dor, sente muito fadiga, tem náusea, tem vômito.
Muitos desses problemas podem ser resolvidos
imediatamente, mas os outros problemas da
paciente, entre os quais se incluiriam a dor
emocional, o medo, a ansiedade, o pânico, os
problemas com a família do cuidador, o contexto
financeiro, social e cultural, nem sempre são
especificamente abordados.
5
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Framework for Care
•
•
•
•
•
Identify
Link
Support
Coordinate
Follow up
• Communication
• Education
• Research
• Staffing
• Response
• Delivery
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Process Framework
Efficacy defined by
the balance between:
Need
Response
Service
Delivery
Expectation Experience
• Need
• Service
• Expectation
And so, the framework of our care for addressing the
psychosocial aspects of a patient’s care are, basically,
to identify, to assess: what are the distress points and
levels of concerns for these patients? How do we link
these patients with services? How do we support
them? How do we coordinate this? And how do we
follow? Most essential elements, communication,
education, and research. And more importantly, we
must be able to match these with adequate staffing,
immediate response, and effective delivery.
Então, a estrutura da nossa atenção que visa
contemplar os aspectos psicossociais no cuidado
da paciente é, basicamente, identificar, avaliar:
quais são os aspectos de angústia e sofrimento e
os níveis de preocupação dessas pacientes? Como
unimos essas pacientes aos serviços? Como
podemos apoiá-las? Como coordenamos isso? E
como acompanhamos? Os elementos mais
essenciais: comunicação, educação e pesquisa. E,
mais importante ainda, devemos poder combiná-los
com uma equipe adequada, uma resposta imediata
e um resultado eficaz.
This process framework must be so well synchronized
to bring out the most effective outcomes. This efficacy
of balance between need and response; between
service and delivery; expectation and experience, is
what will define the quality of our care to our cancer
patients.
A estrutura deste processo deve ser tão bem
sincronizada que traga à luz os desfechos mais
eficazes. Essa eficácia do equilíbrio entre a
necessidade e a resposta, entre o serviço e o
resultado, a expectativa e a experiência, é o que irá
definir a qualidade do cuidado que prestamos às
nossas pacientes com câncer.
re
High Quality Ca
• Response
• Delivery
• Experience
6
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Continuum of Care
•
•
•
•
•
•
New patient diagnosed
Treatment
Remission
Recurrence
Progressive
Advanced disease
The continuum of care is very long with cancer
patients and their treatment. From the point a patient
is diagnosed to the patient’s treatments, or when a
patient goes into remission, comes back with
remission sometimes, the disease gets progressive or
if the patient is in the end stages of disease. At each
stage, the psychosocial aspect of the patient’s care
must be a part of their medical care for us to have the
most effective outcomes.
Todo o processo do cuidado com pacientes com
câncer e seu tratamento é muito longo. Desde o
momento em que a paciente é diagnosticada até os
seus tratamentos, ou quando uma paciente entra
em remissão, às vezes volta com remissão, há
progressão da doença ou se a paciente estiver nos
estágios finais da doença. Em cada estágio, o
aspecto psicossocial da atenção à paciente deve
ser uma parte da sua atenção médica para que
possamos obter os desfechos mais eficazes.
We need to walk the talk and we know that each and
every stage has fear, anxiety, anger. There are
financial issues. There are social issues. There are
relationship issues. There are caregiver fatigue
issues, caregiver burden issues. There is physical
pain. There is emotional pain. And not one stage is
immune to this fear and anxiety. At each point, we
have different levels of distress.
Precisamos pôr em prática o que defendemos na
teoria, e sabemos que em cada um dos estágios há
medo, ansiedade, raiva. Há questões financeiras.
Há questões sociais. Há questões de
relacionamento. Há questões de fadiga do cuidador,
questões de obrigações do cuidador. Há dor física.
Há dor emocional. E nenhum estágio é imune à dor
e à ansiedade. Em cada ponto, temos diferentes
níveis de angústia e sofrimento.
Psychosocial care of cancer patients should be an integral
part of their medical care and available at all stages of their
diagnosis, treatment and survivorship and must occur in a
seamless continuous manner.
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Walk the Talk
7
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
So Why ?
Psychosocial Barriers Lead to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frequent crisis intervention
Lower compliance
Treatment delays
Poorer outcomes
Increased staff time
Higher costs
Less able to use resources
Poorer quality of life
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Cancer • Psychosocial Functioning • Quality of Life
Cancer patients with serious depression are more likely:
•To be non-compliant with cancer therapy, more likely to
have cancer treatments delayed or reduced
So, why are we so interested in looking at the
psychosocial impact of cancer on breast cancer
patients? Because we know that barriers lead to
frequent crises. There is panic in the system. There is
panic in the patient’s family. There is panic with the
patient’s psyche. There is lower compliance. The
patient does not want to go for treatment because he
is afraid of going through an MRI procedure. He says,
“I would rather die than go through an MRI”. There are
treatment dealings because there has not been
sufficient communication. Or the patient has not
understood, or the patient does not have the means to
get to that test or treatment. This leads to poorer
outcomes, increased staff time, higher costs to the
system. The patients are less able to use resources
and there is poorer quality of life.
And so, for us, it is so important to know that cancer
patients with different levels of emotional distress will
show symptoms and behavior problems that impact
their quality of life and their psychosocial function.
They eat less, they sleep less, they are noncompliant
and they are less vigilant about their disease systems.
Então, por que estamos tão interessados em
analisar o impacto psicossocial do câncer nas
pacientes com câncer de mama? Porque sabemos
que as barreiras levam a crises frequentes. Há
pânico no sistema. Há pânico na família da
paciente. Há pânico na psique da paciente. Há
menos adesão ao tratamento. A paciente não quer
ir [às sessões] de tratamento porque tem medo de
passar por um procedimento de ressonância
magnética. Ela diz: “Prefiro morrer a passar por
uma ressonância magnética”. Há negociações de
tratamentos porque não tem havido comunicação
suficiente. Ou a paciente não entendeu ou não tem
meios para fazer o teste ou o tratamento. Isso dá
origem a desfechos mais ineficazes, aumenta o
tempo da equipe, maiores custos para o sistema.
As pacientes têm menos capacidade de utilizar os
recursos e a qualidade de vida é mais baixa.
Então, para nós, é muito importante saber que as
pacientes com câncer com diferentes níveis de
sofrimento emocional manifestarão sintomas e
problemas de comportamento que impactam a sua
qualidade de vida e sua função psicossocial. Elas
comem menos, dormem menos, não aderem ao
tratamento e prestam menos atenção aos sintomas
da doença.
•To eat and sleep less and have poor self-care
•To be less vigilant about disease symptoms and less
able to use proactively those resources that might bring
health improvements
8
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Depression
• Patients with compromised immune systems due
to depression have been shown to have higher
incidence rates of cancer
Ford S et al. Br J Cancer 1994 70(4):767, Holland JC and Rowland J, Handbook of Psychooncology, New York, Oxford University Press, 1989, Brewin C et al. Psych. Med. 1998 28(1):
219
Patients with compromised immune systems due to
depression have been shown to have higher
incidence rates of cancer. And this we know from a
study by Jimmie Holland and Rowland in 1989. U.S.
National Cancer Institute estimates that 25% of
cancer patients experience major depression. Now
this is a pretty common statistic and we do know that
depression and anxiety are highly underdiagnosed in
cancer patients.
Foi observado que pacientes que têm o sistema
imunológico
comprometido
por
causa
de
depressão, têm maiores taxas de incidência de
câncer. E isso sabemos de um estudo realizado por
Jimmie Holland e Rowland, em 1989. O National
Cancer Institute dos Estados Unidos estima que
25% dos pacientes com câncer sofrem de
depressão profunda. Bem, esse é um dado
estadístico muito comum e sabemos que a
depressão e a ansiedade são altamente
subdiagnosticadas em pacientes com câncer.
In a study by Spiegle et al., on 86 patients with
metastatic breast cancer who were randomized to
receive either routine oncology care, by itself, or
routine oncology care with attendance to support
groups on a weekly basis for 12 months. The survival
time of randomization was significantly higher in the
intervention group by almost 100%. That is
phenomenal. A number of studies also draw attention
to the high levels of distress beyond the period of
initial diagnosis.
Em um estudo realizado por Spiegle et al., 86
pacientes com câncer de mama metastático foram
distribuídas aleatoriamente para receber somente
atenção oncológica de rotina, ou atenção
oncológica de rotina mais o comparecimento a
grupos de apoio semanais por 12 meses. O tempo
de
sobrevida
da
randomização
foi
significativamente maior no grupo com intervenção
em quase 100%. Isso é extraordinário. Diversos
estudos também chamaram a atenção pelos altos
níveis de angústia e sofrimento além do período do
diagnóstico inicial.
• U.S. National Cancer Institute estimates that 25%
of cancer patients experience major depression
• “Depression and anxiety are highly under-diagnosed
in cancer patients”
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Impact on Breast Cancer
Cancer
• In a study by Spiegle et al., 86 patients with metastatic
breast cancer were randomized to receive either routine
oncologic care, alone, or routine oncologic care plus one
year of weekly supportive group therapy and self hypnosis
• Survival from the time of randomization was significantly
higher in the intervention group (36.6 months compared
to 18.9 months)
Ganz PA et al. Cancer 1992 69(7):1729
• A number of studies also draw attention to the high levels
of distress beyond the period of initial diagnosis
9
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Impact on Breast Cancer
Cancer (continued)
• Goldberg et al. found high levels of anxiety and depression
in approximately 25% of breast cancer patients at 12 months
following initial diagnosis
Goldberg JA et al. EurJ Surg Oncol. 1992 18(4):327
• There is evidence that this level can persist for up to two years
or more after diagnosis. Levels of depression and anxiety can
also be higher in those patients with advanced disease, with
pain being an important contributory factor
And we know that, again, at least 25% of patients feel
these symptoms even 12 months after initial
diagnosis. And we know that this can extend up to 2
years or even more depending on the traumatic stress
disorder that this diagnosis and treatment has
imposed on the cancer patients. Again, pain and
depression impact each other closely and
management of one without the other will not be most
effective.
E, por outro lado, sabemos que no mínimo 25% das
pacientes sentem esses sintomas, mesmo 12
meses depois do diagnóstico inicial. E sabemos que
isso pode se estender até por dois anos ou ainda
mais dependendo do transtorno de estresse
traumático que este diagnóstico e o tratamento
impuseram nas pacientes com câncer. Por outro
lado, a dor e a depressão impactam uma à outra
intimamente, e o controle de uma sem o da outra
não será o mais eficaz.
As of 2008, there are about 2.5 million women in the
United States who have survived breast cancer. And 1
in 8, about 13%, have breast cancer in the United
States. About 40,000 women in the United States
were expected to die in 2009 from breast cancer,
although the death rates have decreased considerably
since 1990. These decreases are thought to be the
result of treatment advances, earlier detection through
screening and increased awareness.
Desde 2008, existem cerca de 2,5 milhões de
mulheres nos Estados Unidos que sobreviveram ao
câncer de mama. E, nos Estados Unidos, uma em
oito, cerca de 13%, têm câncer de mama. Esperase que em 2009, 40.000 mulheres nos Estados
Unidos morram de câncer de mama, embora as
taxas
de
mortalidade
tenham
diminuído
consideravelmente desde 1990. Acredita-se que
essas quedas se devam aos avanços nos
tratamentos, detecção precoce por meio de
rastreamento e maior conscientização.
Ganz PA et al. Cancer 1992 69(7):1729 ; Maunsell E et al. Cancer 1992 70(1):120
• Pain and depression impact each other closely and
management of one without the other will not be most effective
Special Section: Cancer, 568 Current Science, Vol. 81, No. 5, 10 September 2001
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Breast Cancer Incidence
• As of 2008, there are about 2.5 million women in
the United States who have survived breast cancer
• Breast cancer incidence in women in the United
States is 1 in 8 (about 13%)
• About 40,170 women in the United States were
expected to die in 2009 from breast cancer, though
death rates have been decreasing since 1990. These
decreases are thought to be the result of treatment
advances, earlier detection through screening, and
increased awareness
10
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Emotional Pain
• The intensity and duration of a patient’s “emotional”
discomfort or pain can be sometimes “more crippling”
than the disease itself
• Patients/families have multiple stressors at different
stages of their disease, the intensity of which can
change dramatically at different points in the journey
• Emotional comfort is a vital piece of the treatment and
“significantly enhances a patient’s overall care”
And again, when we talk about awareness, we want to
say awareness amongst the patients, the families, the
medical staff, the physicians, the nurses, the social
workers, the case managers, the business center
people, patient advocates. All of these people being
able to work as equal partners in the single goal of
providing the most optimum quality of life for our
patients. The intensity and duration of a patient’s
emotional discomfort of pain can be sometimes more
crippling than the disease itself. I have had patients
who have felt this pain, this emotional pain that does
not allow them to think clearly; does not allow them to
want to even go through this treatment anymore even
though we have a highly optimistic view of a cure of
treatment for their disease. And patients will
sometimes say, “Forget it; I do not want to go through
this.” And that comes from a sense of deep emotional
pain, which has crippled them and we need to do
something about it as soon as possible. Patients and
families have multiple stressors at different stages of
their disease. The intensity can change dramatically at
different points in the journey depending on what
triggers this patient’s state of mind, and fear or
anxiety. There are patients that are terrified by MRI
images, patients that are terrified by just seeing the
prick of a needle or looking at bandages or smells
even. So, emotional comfort is a vital, vital piece of
the treatment and significantly enhances a patient’s
overall care and also the family’s overall care.
Além
do
mais,
quando
falamos
sobre
conscientização, queremos dizer conscientização
entre as pacientes, as famílias, a equipe médica, os
médicos, os enfermeiros, os assistentes sociais, os
gerenciadores de caso (case managers), o pessoal
do centro administrativo, os defensores das
pacientes. Todas essas pessoas sendo capazes de
trabalhar como parceiros em pé de igualdade com a
meta única de oferecer a qualidade de vida mais
adequada para nossas pacientes. A intensidade e
duração do desconforto emocional da dor da
paciente, às vezes, pode ser mais incapacitante do
que a própria doença. Eu tive pacientes que
sentiram essa dor, essa dor emocional que não lhes
permite pensar com clareza; não lhes permite nem
sequer querer passar por esse tratamento nunca
mais, embora tenhamos uma visão altamente
otimista de cura do tratamento para a sua doença.
E, às vezes, as pacientes dizem: “Esqueça, não
quero passar por isto”. E isso surge de uma
profunda dor emocional que as incapacitou, e
precisamos fazer alguma coisa a respeito o quanto
antes. Pacientes e familiares são acometidos por
diversos fatores de estresse nos diferentes estágios
da doença. A intensidade pode se modificar
drasticamente nos diferentes pontos da jornada,
dependendo do que desencadeia o estado mental,
e o medo ou a ansiedade da paciente Algumas
pacientes sentem pavor das imagens por
ressonância magnética, outras se apavoram só de
ver a fincada de uma agulha ou de ver as vendas
ou mesmo de cheiros. Então, o conforto emocional
é vital, é peça vital do tratamento e melhora
significativamente a atenção geral da paciente e
também a atenção geral da família.
11
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Hoping and Coping - A Dynamic Paradigm
Cure • Respect • Compassion • Time
• Medical treatment/physical care
• Emotional comfort
• Communication both with patient and providers, accurate
and timely information, education about
care plan, resources and long term implications
• Comprehensive plan of care
• Emotional support and alleviation of fears and anxiety
• Transition and continuity of care
• Coordination of care and integration of services
within an institutional setting
So, while we are hoping and coping, what are we
doing? What is the paradigm for helping patients hope
and cope while they are on this journey? Their
emotional comfort, the communication to the patient
between the providers. So we have a physician who
has seen a patient; he has done his notes on the
chart, he has talked to the patient briefly, given some
details, but the patient has not completely absorbed
this. Patient is still very upset, but afraid to talk to the
physician. He has gone home and now he has
become suicidal. What do we do in situations like
this? What is the barrier that came up here? How do
we make sure that we have provided the patient with
the best possible information, in the best possible
way, in a compassionate understanding way, where
the patient is able to cope with that information? And if
not at that time, what other kind of support system am
I building for him to stand up strong? To be able to
provide a comprehensive plan of care, sometimes we
give them plans of care in bits and pieces. The next
step is you go and you get a bone marrow aspiration.
So, he goes to bone marrow aspiration. The next step
is you come in and get a CT scan. These are bits and
pieces of information that don’t not bode well, or help
the patient to understand the complete plan. If a
patient knows what the complete plan is, it is much
easier for the patient to emotionally prepare himself
for the next step; transition and continuity of care and
the coordination of care and integration of services
within an institutional setting.
Enquanto mantemos a esperança e enfrentamos o
estresse, o que fazemos? Qual o paradigma de
ajudar as pacientes a manter a esperança e a
enfrentar o estresse enquanto estiverem nessa
travessia? Seu conforto emocional, a comunicação
à paciente entre os profissionais de saúde. Temos
um médico que examinou um paciente, anotou tudo
no prontuário, conversou rapidamente com o
paciente, deu alguns detalhes, mas ele não
assimilou tudo isso. O paciente está ainda muito
aborrecido, mas com medo de falar com o médico.
Ele foi para casa e, agora, ele tornou-se suicida. O
que fazemos numa situação como essa? Qual a
barreira que surgiu aqui? Como podemos ter
certeza de que oferecemos a melhor informação
possível ao paciente, da melhor forma possível,
com compaixão e compreensão, num lugar onde o
paciente pode lidar com essa informação? E se não
for nessa hora, que outro tipo de sistema de apoio
construo para que ele saia fortalecido? Para poder
oferecer um plano de atenção integral, às vezes,
entregamos os planos de atenção em bocados. O
passo seguinte é ir e fazer uma aspiração de
medula óssea. Então, ele vai a uma aspiração de
medula óssea. O passo seguinte é vir e fazer uma
tomografia computadorizada. Esses são bocados
de informações que não são um bom presságio
nem ajudam o paciente a entender todo o plano. Se
o paciente conhece todo o plano, é muito mais fácil
para ele se preparar emocionalmente para a
próxima etapa: transição e continuidade da atenção
e coordenação da atenção e integração dos
serviços dentro do ambiente institucional.
12
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Coping with
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pain, swelling, body changes
Feeling overwhelmed
Anxious
Fearful
Relationships
Life changes
Getting back to “normal”
How do people really cope ?
- I just can’t take this constant stress anymore not knowing
what is going to happen.
- I am going to shoot that doctor. He told me I was going to die!
- I am going to beat this. I am NOT going to die.
So the coordination outside of the institution is
different than the coordination within the institution.
Has the physician called the PA? Has the physician
called the social worker? Has the PA talked with the
pharmacist? Has the nurse spoken with the
nutritionist? This is coordination of care where
everybody is looking at every aspect of the patient’s
care. The pain, the feeling overwhelmed, anxiety, fear,
life changes and getting back to normal. How do
people really cope? “I just cannot take this constant
stress anymore not knowing what is going to happen”.
There is this constant sense of dread, so how do I
stop this dread for my patient? “I am going to shoot
that doctor, he told me I was going to die”. Now what
brings about a response like this? When a physician
has with all good intentions provided the patient with
the most correct information as a scientist, and still
faces a response that can be as violent and
aggressive as this. The reason is that we did not quite
understand or gauge the patient’s emotional state at
that point. And to be able to break that piece of news,
or present that piece of news in a different manner, is
the skill we need to pick up. “I am going to beat this; I
am not going to die”. So, we have a lot of patients who
want to fight, who want to beat it, who are hopeful that
they are going to live forever.
A coordenação fora da instituição é diferente da
coordenação dentro dela. O médico ligou para o
auxiliar médico? O médico ligou para o assistente
social? O auxiliar médico falou com o farmacêutico?
O enfermeiro falou com o nutricionista? Isso é
coordenação da atenção, em que todo o mundo
cuida de todos os aspectos da atenção ao paciente.
A dor, sentir-se assoberbado, a ansiedade, o medo,
as mudanças na vida e voltar ao normal. Como as
pessoas podem realmente enfrentar? “Eu
simplesmente não aguento mais esse estresse
contínuo sem saber o que vai acontecer”. Há esta
apreensão contínua, então, como posso parar esta
apreensão de meu paciente? “Vou matar aquele
médico, ele me disse que eu ia morrer”. O que
motiva uma resposta como essa? Quando um
médico oferece com todas as boas intenções ao
paciente e com as informações mais corretas como
cientista que é, e ainda enfrenta uma resposta que
pode ser tão violenta e agressiva quanto essa. A
razão é que não entendemos muito bem ou não
medimos o estado emocional do paciente naquele
momento. E para poder anunciar aquela notícia ou
apresentar aquela notícia de maneira diferente,
essa é uma habilidade que temos de aprender. “Eu
vou vencer isto; eu não vou morrer”. Temos muitos
pacientes que querem lutar, que querem vencer a
doença, que têm esperanças de que vão viver para
sempre.
13
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
• How do I tell my daughter I’m sick?
• Where can I talk to other cancer patients
about treatment?
• Are the changes in my sex drive normal?
• What if I can’t afford the expenses?
• What things should I tell my family?
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
• How do I make sure I won’t be kept alive
by a machine?
• Am I supposed to feel sad all that time?
• Why do my husband and I fight so much now?
• What if someone is abusing me?
• What does hospice mean?
• What if I lose my job?
How do we manage this expectation? How do we take
them along on the continuum from the best to the
worst, and from the worst to the best? Patients have
questions all the time. “How do I tell my daughter I am
sick?” “Where can I talk to other cancer patients about
treatment?” “Are the changes in my sex drive
normal?” Now how many patients would talk to you
about this on a daily basis unless you really ask
them? And sometimes, even if you ask them, they are
not going to tell you. So, what kind of skills do we
need to get an understanding for some of these
issues and are these issues important? Absolutely,
because that impacts the patient’s quality of life.
“What if I cannot afford these expenses?” “What
things should I tell my family?”
Como controlamos essas expectativas? Como os
conduzimos ao longo de todo o processo, do
melhor ao pior e do pior ao melhor? Os pacientes
sempre têm perguntas. “Como digo para a minha
filha que estou doente?” “Onde posso falar sobre
tratamentos com outros pacientes com câncer?”
“São normais as mudanças na minha libido?”
Quantos pacientes falariam com você sobre isso
regularmente a menos que você lhes perguntasse?
E, às vezes, mesmo perguntando, eles não vão lhe
dizer. Que tipo de habilidades precisamos para
entender alguns desses problemas e, são
importantes esses problemas? Certamente, porque
impacta a qualidade de vida do paciente. “E se não
posso pagar esses gastos?” “Que coisas devo dizer
à minha família?”
“How can I tell my family?” “I do not want my wife
going crazy and jumping off the roof because I have
this diagnosis because that is not going to help.” “How
can I manage this?” “How do I make sure I will not be
kept alive by a machine?” “Am I supposed to feel sad
all the time?” “Why do my husband and I fight so
much?” “Our relationships have changed and some
things have gotten worse.” What if someone is
abusing? “What does hospice mean?” “I do not have
anything like hospice in my country or in the city
where I live.” “Is that another hospital?” “Is that
another service?” “What if I lose my job?”
“Como posso contar à minha família?” “Não quero
que minha mulher enlouqueça e pule do telhado
porque tenho este diagnóstico porque não vai
ajudar”. “Como posso controlar isto?” “Como posso
ter certeza de que não vão me manter vivo por meio
de uma máquina?” “Devo me sentir triste todo o
tempo?” “Por que meu marido e eu brigamos
tanto?” “Nossos relacionamentos mudaram e
algumas coisas pioraram.” E se alguém é abusivo?
“O que significa ‘centro para atendimento de
pacientes terminais’?” “Não tem nada parecido com
centro para atendimento de pacientes terminais em
meu país ou na cidade onde moro”. “Isso é outro
hospital?” “Isso é outro serviço?” “E se eu perder o
meu emprego?”
14
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Hoping to
• Feel better
• Focus on possibilities
• Lead a healthier meaningful life
• Strengthen body and mind
• Take charge
• Build connections with survivors, counselors
• Set new goals
• Adjust to a new normal
“What are my alternatives to manage this disease”
and “what am I hoping all the time?” The patient is
saying, “I hope to feel better” because most patients
come with a hope that they will be cured. And again it
is up to the professional to be able to navigate through
this and manage that expectation in a very tactful
manner, where we are looking at cancer as a more
chronic illness, where there is no cure, so to speak,
for diseases like diabetes, And so cancer, in much the
same way, may be a long-term phenomenon with no
actual cure, but maybe remission, maybe stabilization
of disease. And maybe we can say that this disease
will never come back for the next 10 to 15 to 20 years
or over the lifetime. But again, it is about managing
expectations where patients are able to move along
the continuum of care with much more comfort. To
focus on the possibilities of what can happen in a
positive direction. Lead a healthier, more meaningful
life, even in the face of a terminal nature of any type of
disease, if it is terminal. Strengthen body and mind.
Take charge. Help the patient if the patient wants to
take charge, be in control. And so, always being told
do this, do not do that, eat this, must have this, can
wear a patient down and make him feel like he has
lost control. Build connections with survivors,
counselors, they want to set new goals, you want to
help them set new goals. “Okay, so I was a marathon
runner yesterday and I cannot do that anymore, but
what is my next alternative. Maybe I can start painting.
Maybe I can start cooking lessons.” There are so
many different alternatives one can look at and there
is such a thing as creative problem- solving, which
most patients themselves are able to come up with
the solutions as long as they know they have the
support and the resource, And hoping to adjust to a
new normal.
“Quais minhas opções para controlar esta doença”
e “o que espero a todo momento?” O paciente diz:
“Espero me sentir melhor” porque a maioria dos
pacientes chegam com esperança de que vão ser
curados. Porém, depende do profissional de poder
atravessar tudo isso e controlar as expectativas de
maneira muito diplomática, numa situação em que
vemos o câncer mais como uma doença crônica,
em que não há cura, por assim dizer, para doenças
como o diabetes. E o câncer também, de maneira
semelhante, pode constituir um fenômeno de longo
prazo sem cura real, mas talvez com remissão,
talvez com estabilização da doença. E talvez
possamos dizer que esta doença não voltará mais
pelos próximos 10 a 15 a 20 anos ou pelo resto da
vida. Mas, por outro lado, tem a ver com o controle
das expectativas de forma que os pacientes
possam acompanhar todo o processo de atenção
com muito mais conforto. Para se concentrar nas
possibilidades do que possa acontecer para o lado
positivo. Levar uma vida mais saudável e
significativa, mesmo perante a natureza terminal de
qualquer tipo de doença, se for terminal. Fortalecer
o corpo e a mente. Tomar as rédeas. Ajudar o
paciente se ele quiser tomar as rédeas, manter o
controle. Então, sempre tendo alguém dizendo "faz
isto", "não faz aquilo", “coma isto”, “tem que ter
isto”, pode desgastar o paciente e fazê-lo sentir-se
como se tivesse perdido o controle. Crie vínculos
com sobreviventes, conselheiros, eles querem
estabelecer novas metas, você quer ajudá-los a
estabelecer novas metas. “Está bem, ontem, eu
corria maratonas e não posso mais fazer isso, mas
qual é a minha próxima alternativa. Talvez possa
começar a pintar. Talvez possa começar a estudar
arte culinária. Há tantas opções diferentes que
15
podemos olhar e há uma coisa chamada solução
criativa de problemas, que a maioria dos pacientes
por si mesmos são capazes de apresentar as
soluções sempre e quando saibam que contam com
o apoio e o recurso, e esperando se ajustarem a um
novo estado de normalidade.
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Hoping to
How do people really cope?
• I will do what it takes to get well but I will also plan
for the worst.
• I am going to try and live a normal life even though
so much has changed.
•This cancer has given me a new perspective on life.
Now, pre-cancer and post-cancer are two different
phases. And to know that this is a life-changing event
in the life of any patient. And how do people really
cope? “I will do what it takes to get well, but I will also
plan for the worst.” Some patients will say that.
Whereas some will say, “I am going to try and live a
normal life even though so much has changed.” And
some others will say, “This cancer has given me a
new perspective on life.” These are all ways people
cope. Some cope by being angry, some cope by
being depressed, and some cope by saying, “I am
going to take the next step and move forward.” And
so, we have got to be able to gauge, where is this
patient in that journey of coping and hoping?
Bem, o pré-câncer e o pós-câncer são duas fases
diferentes. E reconhecer que este é um evento que
muda a vida de qualquer paciente. E como as
pessoas podem realmente enfrentar a [realidade]?
“Eu faço o que der para melhorar, mas também
sempre planejo para o pior”. Alguns pacientes dirão
isso. Enquanto que alguns dirão: “Vou tentar e viver
uma vida normal, embora muito tenha mudado”. E
outros dirão: “Este câncer me fez ver a vida sob
outra perspectiva”. Essas são as formas que as
pessoas utilizam para enfrentar [a realidade].
Alguns enfrentam [a realidade] com raiva, alguns
ficam deprimidos e outros dizem: “Eu vou dar o
passo seguinte e seguir em frente”. E então, temos
que poder medir, onde se encontra o paciente
nessa travessia de manter a esperança e enfrentar
a realidade?
16
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Impact on Family and Caregivers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shock of diagnosis
Increased caregiving demands
Relationships
Role strain
Internalized feelings
Reluctance to discuss physical change
Fear of losing partner
Resources
Coping
Says a survivor: “The support of my family has truly helped me to better
cope with the challenges I’ve faced after my cancer diagnosis.”
Another very, very important aspect, which we
sometimes tend to forget, because we are more
focused on the disease itself and curing that disease,
but the patient’s family and caregivers are an
extremely important part of this person. The shock of
the diagnosis that the patient feels is felt equally or
sometimes even more by the family and caregivers.
These increasing caregiving demands on a wife who
never used to work, was at home taking care of her
children and bringing children back from school, and
making good hot meals for the family now goes to
work. Now has to start a whole different lifestyle of
working and coping with the disease of her spouse.
Relationships change. The roles have changed and
so relationships change. There are internalized
feelings, “I am angry, but I do not want to tell my sister
or my brother about what I am feeling because that
will further stress them out.” Reluctance to discuss
physical change and often spouses of cancer patients
have gone undiagnosed, with cancer or some other
serious illnesses, because they did not want to
impose further stress on the spouse. The fear of
losing a partner and, “What am I going to do next. I
cannot live without my spouse or without my partner.”
“What kind of resources are there and how will I cope
with this whole thing.” Says a survivor, “The support of
my family has truly helped me to better cope with the
challenges I have faced after my cancer diagnosis.”
Outro aspecto muito, muito importante, que, às
vezes, tendemos a esquecer, porque nos
concentramos mais na doença propriamente dita e
na cura da doença, mas a família e os cuidadores
do paciente são uma parte extremamente
importante desta pessoa. O choque que o paciente
sente por causa do diagnóstico é sentido
igualmente ou, às vezes, mais ainda pelos
familiares e cuidadores. As crescentes exigências
na prestação de cuidados recaem numa esposa
que nunca trabalhou, ficava em casa cuidando das
crianças e buscando-as na escola e cozinhando
refeições quentinhas e gostosas para a família,
agora vai ter de trabalhar. Agora, tem de começar
um trabalho completamente diferente e enfrentar a
doença do seu cônjuge. Os relacionamentos
mudam. Os papéis mudaram e, por conseguinte, os
relacionamentos
mudam.
Há
sentimentos
internalizados: “Tenho raiva, mas não quero dizer o
que estou sentindo à minha irmã nem ao meu irmão
porque isso os estressaria ainda mais”. A relutância
de falar sobre mudanças físicas, e frequentemente,
os cônjuges de pacientes cancerosos não são
diagnosticados, com câncer ou outras doenças
graves, porque não quiseram impor mais aflição ao
cônjuge. O medo de perder o companheiro e: “O
que vou fazer agora? Não posso viver sem meu
marido ou sem meu companheiro". “Que tipo de
recursos existem e como posso enfrentar tudo
isto?” Conta um sobrevivente: “O apoio da minha
família tem me ajudado muito a lidar melhor com os
desafios que tenho que enfrentar depois de ter sido
diagnosticado com câncer”.
17
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
It’s unpredictable
It’s a roller coaster
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
“I’ve been touched by the smallest gestures - a
squeeze of the hand, a gentle touch, a reassuring
word. In some ways these quiet acts of humanity
have felt more healing than the high-dose radiation
and chemotherapy that hold the hope of a cure.”
It is unpredictable. It is a roller coaster. There is no
point in time where a physician can truly say, “Hey,
you are going to live forever,” or, “You are going to
live for 20 years,” because none of us is a God.
However, we all do know that there are ups and
downs in every phase of life, and with cancer, it is
even more unpredictable. And all we can do is
strengthen these patients along their roller coaster
journey and make sure we are able to pick them up
when they fall off the coaster.
É imprevisível. É uma montanha-russa. Não existe
um momento em que o médico possa
verdadeiramente dizer: “Ei, você vai viver para
sempre” ou “Você vai viver por 20 anos” porque
ninguém é Deus. No entanto, todos nós sabemos
que há altos e baixos em cada fase da vida e, com
câncer, é mais imprevisível ainda. E tudo o que
podemos fazer é fortalecer estes pacientes ao
longo dessa travessia de altos e baixos e cuidar
para levantá-los quando eles caírem.
“I’ve been touched by the smallest gestures, a
squeeze of the hand, a gentle touch, or a reassuring
word. In some ways, these quiet acts of humanity
have felt more healing than the high-dose radiation
and chemotherapy that hold the hope of a cure.”
Kenneth Schwartz said this.
“Os menores gestos me comoveram, uma mão
amiga, uma carícia cheia de ternura ou uma palavra
reconfortante. De alguma forma, esses gestos
silenciosos de humanidade foram de mais ajuda do
que as altas doses de radiação e quimioterapia que
detêm a esperança de uma cura”. Kenneth
Schwartz disse isso.
Kenneth B. Schwartz
18
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
A Comprehensive Approach
• Psychosocial assessments
• Psychosocial counseling and cognitive
behavioral interventions
• Transition planning
• Education and referral
• Advocacy
So, at the end of the day, what we want to look at, is a
comprehensive approach institution-wide, wherever
this institution may be, wherever this cancer care is
being provided, to make sure that we have a
comprehensive approach towards cancer care, in that,
other than the medical assessments and the
treatments, that we are on a parallel front, dealing with
the psychosocial aspect of a patient’s care. Which
means psychosocial assessments, counseling and
cognitive behavioral interventions, transition planning,
education
and
referral,
advocacy,
program
development, monitoring and follow-up.
Então, afinal, o que queremos é ver uma
abordagem integral que abranja toda a instituição,
onde quer que ela esteja, onde quer que essa
atenção oncológica seja oferecida, para garantir
que temos uma abordagem integral na atenção
oncológica, em que, além das avaliações clínicas e
dos tratamentos, que estamos numa frente paralela,
lidando com o aspecto psicossocial do cuidado do
paciente. O que significa ter avaliações
psicossociais, aconselhamento e intervenções
cognitivo-comportamentais,
planejamento
de
transições, educação e encaminhamento, defesa,
desenvolvimento de programas, monitoramento e
acompanhamento.
So what are some of the tools for psychosocial
assessment? At MD Anderson, we have several ways
to identify barriers and stressors that impact a patient
at family coping or compliance. We may have a
patient who is highly compliant, but there may be a
family member who has a mood disorder or a family
member who is completely stressed out, burnt out and
fatigued, and may not be willing to comply with the
treatment plan or even be supportive of the patient or
the medical team. A lot of our discharges get held up
because patient’s family members do not think that it
is the right time for discharge or are not ready for the
patient to be taken home, because they are afraid of
how to care for the patient. Screening should be
routinely established. Depression in the terminally ill
should be treated as vigorously as for those patients
with a better prognosis. So we are looking at
screening at all levels, from the point of diagnosis to
the end of treatment, at the point of progressive
disease and advanced disease. And all staff must
have the basic skills to determine if there is any
Então, quais são alguns dos instrumentos para a
avaliação psicossocial? No MD Anderson,
dispomos de várias maneiras para identificar
barreiras e fatores de estresse que impactam a
paciente quanto a enfrentar a família ou aderir ao
tratamento. Talvez tenhamos uma paciente que
adere muito bem ao tratamento, mas talvez haja um
parente que tem um transtorno de humor ou um
parente que está completamente estressado,
mentalmente esgotado e exausto e talvez não
esteja disposto a aderir ao plano terapêutico e nem
apoiar a paciente ou a equipe médica. Muitas das
nossas altas hospitalares não são efetivadas
porque os familiares da paciente não acham que
seja a hora certa para receber a alta ou não estão
preparados para levar a paciente para casa, porque
têm medo de como cuidar dela. O rastreamento
deve ser rotineiramente estabelecido. A depressão
no doente terminal deve ser tratada com o mesmo
rigor utilizado para aqueles pacientes que têm um
melhor prognóstico. Falamos de rastreamentos em
• Program development, monitoring and follow-up
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Tools for Psychosocial Assessment
Identification of barriers and stressors, which impact
patient and family coping and/or compliance with
treatment must be done in a systematic manner.
• Screening should be routinely established
• Depression in the terminally ill should be
treated as vigorously as for those patients with
a better prognosis
• All staff should have basic skills to determine if there
is any suicidal risk so patients may be managed
19
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Psychosocial assessment varies by :
• Provider
• Screening tools
• Emotional state of patient at different
point of assessment
• Reporting
suicidal risk so patients may be managed and be able
to refer these patients very quickly to the department
of professionals within the institutions that handle
these issues.
todos os níveis, do ponto de vista do diagnóstico no
final do tratamento ao ponto da doença progressiva,
da doença avançada. E toda a equipe deve ter as
habilidades básicas para determinar se existe
algum risco de suicídio para poder controlar as
pacientes e encaminhá-las bem rapidamente ao
departamento dos profissionais nas instituições que
lidam com esses problemas.
So again, psychosocial assessment varies by
provider, the type of screening tools they use,
emotional states of patients at different points of
assessment, and the reporting structure.
Além do mais, a avaliação psicossocial varia com o
provedor, o tipo de instrumentos de rastreamento
que eles usam, o estado emocional das pacientes
nas diferentes etapas da avaliação e da estrutura
de apresentação de relatórios.
Depression ratings were influenced by crying,
depressed mood and medical factors rather than
more reliable indicators such as anhedonia, suicidal
thinking and hopelessness.
20
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
NCCN Distress Thermometer
Practical Concerns
• Housing
• Insurance
• Work/school
• Transportation
• Child care
• Caregiver
• Home care
• Prescription coverage
Family Concerns
• Dealing with partner
• Dealing with children
• Spiritual/religious concerns
Emotional Concerns
• Worry
• Fears
• Depression
• Nervousness
• Loss of interest
Physical Concerns
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Sleep
• Getting around
• Bathing/dressing
• Sexual
• Other _____________
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Patients at Increased Risk for Distress
• History of psychiatric disorder/substance abuse
• History of depression/suicide
• Cognitive impairment
• Communication barriers
The National Cancer Comprehensive Network of the
United States came up with a very, very valuable
assessment tool for patient distress. This simple tool
looks at four dimensions of patient care. Those
dimensions are the practical concerns, the family
concerns, emotional concerns, and the physical
concerns encompassing the entire patient, which then
gives us an idea for the patient’s distress level on a
scale of 1-10. And, if the patient tells me that he is
feeling suicidal, or he is feeling sad, or he is
concerned about his sexual functioning on a scale of
1-10, his distress level is 6. Then that tells me
something about where I need to start with this patient
and where I need to go with this patient.
O National Cancer Comprehensive Network dos
Estados Unidos propôs um instrumento muito,
muito válido para avaliar a angústia e o sofrimento
dos pacientes. Este simples instrumento considera
quatro aspectos do cuidado do paciente. Estes
aspectos são os problemas práticos, os problemas
familiares, os problemas emocionais e os
problemas físicos que englobam todo o paciente, o
que nos dá uma ideia do nível de angústia do
paciente em uma escala de 1 a 10. E, se o paciente
me disser que está se sentindo suicida ou está se
sentindo triste ou que está preocupado com a sua
atividade sexual em uma escala de 1 a 10, o nível
de angústia dele é 6. Isso me indica de alguma
forma por onde preciso começar com este paciente
e para onde preciso ir com ele.
History of psychiatric illness, history of depression,
suicide, cognitive impairment, communication barriers,
severe comorbid illnesses, like diabetes or
hypertension or bipolar disorder or AIDS, all of these
will put the patient at increased risk for distress and
more so the inadequate social support of a patient’s
circumstances can impact the patient’s distress level
very highly.
Histórico de doença psiquiátrica, de depressão,
suicídio, deficiência cognitiva, barreiras de
comunicação, doenças comórbidas graves, como
diabetes, hipertensão, transtorno bipolar ou Aids,
todas elas colocarão o paciente num maior risco
para angústia e sofrimento e mais ainda o apoio
social insuficiente [impostos pelas] circunstâncias
do paciente pode impactar muito o nível de angústia
e sofrimento.
• Severe comorbid illnesses
• Family/caregiver conflicts
• Inadequate social support
21
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Patients at Increased Risk for Distress (continued)
• Living alone
• Financial problems
• Limited access to medical care
• Young or dependent children
• Spiritual/religious concerns
• Social problems
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Periods of Increased Vulnerability
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Finding a suspicious symptom
During workup
Finding out the diagnosis
Awaiting treatment
Change in treatment modality
End of treatment
Discharge from hospital following treatment
Again, patients living alone, how many times and how
often have we had patients being dropped at our
doorstep who have no family, no friends, nobody
wants them back home, or they are so tired taking
care of the patient that they think it is the hospital’s
duty to take care of this patient. Patients with financial
problems, limited access to medical care, they are
living in remote locations and areas and want to be
closer to the hospital, they have young and dependent
children, spiritual religious concerns as well as social
problems. And how do we help these patients? These
are the patients at increased risk for distress, but
which are these patients? Who are these patients and
how can you tell?
Também [temos] os pacientes que vivem sozinhos,
quantas vezes e com que frequência largam à
nossa porta pacientes sem família, sem amigos,
ninguém os quer de volta em casa ou, então, estão
tão cansados de cuidar do paciente que acreditam
que o hospital tem a obrigação de cuidar dele.
Pacientes com problemas financeiros, acesso
limitado à atenção médica, morando em locais e
regiões distantes e que querem ficar próximos ao
hospital, têm filhos pequenos e dependentes,
problemas espirituais e religiosos, bem como
problemas sociais. E como os ajudamos? Estes são
os pacientes com maior risco para angústia e
sofrimento, mas quem são eles? Quem são estes
pacientes e como podemos reconhecê-los?
Again, when a patient finds a suspicious symptom
after treatment and feels that, “Oh, gosh, my disease
is coming back, I am not going to through this again
and I am not going back.” Or patients during work-up
get into panic bouts where they feel, “Well you know I
am feeling really sick, my hair is falling off and I think
probably this is not a good sign. I might as well go
home instead of spending so much money on this
treatment and save up all my bucks for my family.”
Finding out about the diagnosis: this is a pivotal
moment in the life of any cancer patient is finding out
about the diagnosis. Almost feels like a death warrant
to many. Then awaiting treatment, anxiety of awaiting
treatment, [you know] “What kind of treatment? How
long will this treatment go on?” “What kind of side
effects are going to happen?” “How can I cope with
this?” Change in treatment modalities, okay, so we
finished Herceptin, now we are going to do Taxol and
then we are going to go and do radiation, or we are
going to do surgery. “When is this treatment ever
going to end and what does the end of treatment
Também quando um paciente descobre um sintoma
suspeito depois do tratamento e sente que: “Oh, por
Deus, a doença está voltando, eu não vou passar
por isto de novo e não vou voltar”. Ou pacientes
que quando ficam nervosos têm acessos de pânico
em que se sentem [assim] “Bem, você sabe, me
sinto muito doente, meu cabelo está caindo e talvez
este não seja um bom sinal. Melhor mesmo ir para
casa, em vez de gastar tanto dinheiro neste
tratamento, e economizar todo o meu dinheiro para
a minha família. Ficar sabendo do diagnóstico: este
é o momento crucial na vida de todo paciente com
câncer, é tomar conhecimento do diagnóstico. Para
muitos é quase como se fosse uma garantia de
morte. Depois, esperar o tratamento, a ansiedade
de esperar pelo tratamento, [você sabe] “Que tipo
de tratamento? Por quanto tempo mais vai
continuar este tratamento?” “Que tipo de efeitos
colaterais irão acontecer?” “Como posso enfrentar
isto?” Mudança nas modalidades de tratamento,
muito bem, então terminamos o Herceptin, agora
22
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Periods of Increased Vulnerability (continued)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stresses of survivorship
Medical follow-up and surveillance
Treatment failure
Recurrence/progression
Advanced cancer
End of life
mean? “Is that the end of chemotherapy and the start
of radiation or the beginning of immunotherapy?”
“What does treatment itself mean?” “What is the
difference between acute treatment and palliative
treatment?” Discharge from hospital following
treatment? Patients do not understand the differences
between transition -- between transition points, being
in the hospital, being discharged from the hospital,
going to a nursing home or to a hospice.
vamos administrar taxol
e, depois, vamos
prosseguir com radiação ou vamos fazer cirurgia.
“Quando vai terminar este tratamento e o que
significa o fim do tratamento? “Isso é o fim da
quimioterapia e o início da radiação ou o começo da
imunoterapia?” “O que significa o tratamento por si
mesmo?” “Qual a diferença entre tratamento agudo
e tratamento paliativo?” Alta do hospital depois do
tratamento? Os pacientes não entendem as
diferenças entre transições – entre pontos de
transição, estar no hospital, receber alta do hospital,
ir para uma clínica de repouso ou um centro para
atendimento de doentes terminais.
Periods of increased vulnerability, again, could include
stressors of survivorship for patients who survived
their cancer, who have now been treated, their
disease is in remission, but they still need to go back
to a normal life. They still need to pick up the pieces
where they left off. They need to have medical followup and surveillance. They need to understand that, if
there is recurrence or progression, they need to come
back, and who do they need to come back to? Again,
how are they going to deal with advanced cancer
issues, end of life issues?
Períodos de maior vulnerabilidade também
poderiam
incluir
fatores
estressantes
de
sobrevivência para pacientes que sobreviveram o
câncer, que já foram tratados e cuja doença está
em remissão, mas ainda precisam voltar a viver
uma vida normal. Eles ainda precisam restabelecer
a sua vida. Precisam receber acompanhamento e
vigilância médicas. Precisam entender que, se há
recidiva ou progressão, precisam voltar e para
quem eles devem voltar? Além do mais, como vão
lidar com os problemas do câncer avançado, com
questões relacionadas ao final da vida?
23
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Patient Needs Assessment or ePNA
A patient needs assessment screen
to review the various dimensions of
a patient’s care i.e. psychosocial,
nutrition, spirituality, etc.
At MD Anderson, we have what is called a Patient
Needs Assessment, which, a patient-- when the
patient comes into the hospital or as an outpatient, the
patient fills out a self-assessment about their own
needs that are on a form, which are sectioned, or
categorized into different sections. And so, when a
patient decides that he is feeling a stress level from 1
to 10, of 6 or 5 or 4, he will indicate that on this form.
When he does that, that referral is kicked out to social
work to assess for psychosocial distress. If a patient
says that they are not eating well, they need some
nutrition consult, then the section on nutrition is
checked off and the referral is kicked off to nutrition. If
the patient has problems with mobility and needs
physical therapy, or the patient has problems with
bowel management, all of these sections deal with
these problems separately and referrals are kicked
out to the different disciplines to assess the patients
further and meet their needs quickly.
No MD Anderson, temos o que se chama
“Avaliação das necessidades do paciente”, na qual,
um paciente – quando o paciente vem ao hospital
ou como um paciente ambulatorial, o paciente
preenche uma autoavaliação das suas próprias
necessidades que estão num formulário, as quais
estão separadas por seções ou categorizadas em
diferentes seções. Então, quando um paciente
decide que sente um nível de estresse de 6 ou 5 ou
4, numa escala de 1 a 10, ele indicará isso nesse
formulário. Quando ele faz isso, o encaminhamento
é repassado ao assistente social para avaliar o
sofrimento psicossocial. Se um paciente diz que
não está comendo bem, que precisa consultar
sobre nutrição, então a seção de nutrição recebe
uma marca e o encaminhamento passa para esse
setor. Se o paciente tem problemas de mobilidade e
precisa fisioterapia ou se o paciente tem problemas
intestinais, todas estas seções lidam com tais
problemas
independentemente
e
os
encaminhamentos são repassados às diferentes
disciplinas para realizarem mais avaliações no
paciente
e
atenderem
rapidamente
às
necessidades.
24
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Strategic Intervention
Psychosocial Need
Service
Understanding of illness, treatments,
and services
Strategies to improve patient-provider
communication
Coping with emotions surrounding illness
and treatment
Peer support groups,
counseling/psychotherapy, pharmacological
management of symptoms
Managing illness and health
Comprehensive self-management/
self-care programs
Behavioral change to minimize
disease impact
Behavioral/health promotion interventions
such as smoking cessation help, patient
education
Managing disruptions in work, school
and family life
Family and caregiver education, assistance
with activities of daily living (ADLs)
Financial assistance
Financial planning, insurance counseling,
eligibility assessment for social security
disability income
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Patients with Breast Cancer
•
•
•
•
•
•
Crisis intervention
Adjustment to diagnosis and treatment
Coping with life changes
Stress/anxiety
Fear, panic, anger, guilt, denial
Issues related to:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Body image
Sense of identity
Sexuality
Disability
Grief and loss
Advance care planning
Death and dying
So there are different psychosocial needs and
different strategies for each psychosocial need.
Whether it is the understanding of the illness,
treatments and services. And this is not just for
patients, but also for the patients and their families.
Coping with emotions, managing illness, how to
manage this illness both at the hospital and at home.
There are a lot of behavioral changes in patients.
Some of them become quite obsessive sometimes.
The families become overanxious sometimes. And
that can have a very dynamic effect on both sides,
including the providers. We do have patients
sometimes who will not listen to any advice or
instruction because they are not emotionally
comfortable. And how do I get this patient there?
Então,
existem
diferentes
necessidades
psicossociais e diferentes estratégias para cada
necessidade
psicossocial.
Quer
seja
o
entendimento da doença, dos tratamentos ou dos
serviços. E não é somente para os pacientes, mas
também para os pacientes e seus familiares.
Enfrentar as emoções, tratar a doença, como tratar
esta doença no hospital e em casa. Os pacientes
passam por muitas mudanças de comportamento.
Às vezes, alguns deles se tornam bastante
obsessivos. Às vezes, os familiares se tornam
superansiosos. E isso pode criar um efeito muito
dinâmico de ambos os lados, incluindo os
profissionais de saúde. Às vezes, temos pacientes
que não obedecem a nenhum conselho ou
instrução porque não se sentem emocionalmente à
vontade. E como faço para que obedeça?
So, patients with breast cancer again have the same
problems. We are constantly dealing with crisis
intervention: a patient who is in a panic bout, has
major issues adjusting to the diagnosis, cannot cope
with the idea of maybe a surgery, radiation treatment,
the side effects of fatigue, body image, grief and loss,
the fear of death and dying. And so we try to provide
services with counseling, the transitions of care, and
patient protection or patient safety.
As pacientes com câncer de mama também têm os
mesmos problemas. Lidamos constantemente com
intervenções em situações de crise: uma paciente
que está num acesso de pânico, tem muitos
problemas para se ajustar ao diagnóstico, não pode
tolerar a ideia de, talvez, uma cirurgia, radioterapia,
os efeitos colaterais de fadiga, o aspecto físico,
aflição e perda, o medo da morte e de morrer.
Nesse sentido, procuramos oferecer serviços com
aconselhamento, as transições da atenção e a
proteção e a segurança da paciente.
25
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Psychosocial Support Resources
TRANSITIONS OF CARE
- Assisted living
- Nursing home
Hospice
- Custodial/provider care
- Home provider
- Extended care facility
- Nursing home
- Assisted living
- Hospice
- Aged and disabled
services
PATIENT PROTECTION
- Guardianship
- Abuse - children and
adults
- Domestic abuse
- Exploitation/neglect
- Clinical ethics
There are different types of counseling and there are
different specialists for the different types of
counseling. And so we must be very aware of who is
the right professional or staff that can do the most
effective piece of counseling for the different issues:
adjustment to diagnosis, crisis intervention,
communicating with the team, making treatment
decisions, helping the family and caregiver to be more
supportive, empowering them, discussing end of life
issues. And discussing end of life issues, there is the
point where the physician says, “Okay, we are at the
point where the disease is so advanced, terminal
nature of disease, the prognosis is less than a few
months,” that is discussing end of life in terms of
providing the prognosis. However, there is much more
to that. There is more to discussing the end of life in
terms of, “Okay, so we are at a point here and let us
look at what our goals are from this point onwards. Is
this quality of life? Do we want more treatment? What
would be the impact of that? Where would you like to
be at this point? How would like this to be planned?”
The different mental health resources within the
institution and outside.
Existem diferentes tipos de aconselhamento e
existem especialistas diferentes para diferentes
tipos de aconselhamento. Por isso, devemos estar
muito alertas sobre quem é o profissional certo ou a
equipe certa que pode realizar o trabalho mais
eficaz de aconselhamento nos diferentes
problemas: adaptações ao diagnóstico,
intervenções em situações de crise, comunicação
com a equipe, tomar decisões sobre tratamentos,
ajudar a família e o cuidador a darem mais apoio,
delegar-lhes autoridade, discutir assuntos sobre o
fim da vida. Ao discutir assuntos do fim da vida, há
o momento em que o médico diz: “Muito bem,
estamos num ponto em que a doença está tão
avançada, a natureza terminal da doença, que o
prognóstico [de vida] é de alguns meses", em que
discute o fim da vida no contexto de oferecer o
prognóstico. Contudo, há muito mais por trás disso.
Há muito mais do que discutir sobre o fim da vida
em termos de, [por exemplo:] “Muito bem,
chegamos a ponto aqui e vamos ver quais são as
nossas metas a partir desse ponto. É isto qualidade
de vida? Queremos mais tratamentos? Qual seria o
impacto disso? Onde você gostaria de estar neste
momento? Como você gostaria que isto fosse
planejado? Os diferentes recursos de saúde mental
dentro e fora da instituição.
26
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Psychosocial Support Resources
HOUSING
-Contracted programs
-Hotels, motels
-Guest programs
-Charity organizations
PHARMACY/SUPPLIES
-Explore resources/indigent
drug reimbursement
-Provide information
TRANSPORTATION
-Volunteer airlines: Angel
Flight Corporate Air Angel,
Air Lifeline Mercy Flight,
Freedom Flight
-Air Ambulance
-Gas, bus, cab vouchers
-Parking
-American Red Cross
-American Cancer Society
EDUCATION/INFORMATIO
N/REFERRAL
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
-Insurance
-Employment issues
-Health insurance
-Governmental/state
assistance
-Short/long term disability
-Cancer help organizations
Psychosocial Support Services at MD Anderson
Social Work
Place…of Wellness
Psychiatry
Chaplaincy
Anderson Network
Fatigue Clinic
Neuropsychology
Cancer Prevention
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Além disso, existem outros recursos concretos, que
têm a mesma importância e que tentam resolver os
problemas práticos que a paciente enfrenta no dia a
dia na sua travessia de tratamentos, e que são:
habitação, transporte, auxílio financeiro, farmácia,
educação, documentos. Esses não são problemas
menores.
A patient came in for cancer treatment, was told what
the estimated bill would be, this patient was self-pay.
Patient paid up a certain amount as a deposit and
then was told that he can go in for a couple of
consults. The patient went for consults, went and
checked on his bill. The amount that he had deposited
was almost now down to half. The patient was
shocked and the reason being that the patient had not
been adequately informed or provided the information
about what happens at each stage. The patient said,
“Hey, I have been here only for two consults and one
test or two tests and the bill is so much.” Well, all the
rates were then provided to the patient and he finally
understood where his money had gone, and how
quickly the money can go, and what we need to do to
make sure that he is still able to continue his
treatment. So, now at MD Anderson Cancer Center
we have several departments that help with
psychosocial support services and each area has its
area of expert professionals who work with patients to
resolve psychosocial concerns and issues.
Um paciente veio para receber tratamento contra
câncer, lhe disseram o valor estimado da conta,
este paciente era particular. O paciente pagou uma
parte de entrada e, depois, lhe disseram que podia
entrar para algumas consultas. O paciente foi às
consultas, foi e olhou a conta. A quantia que havia
depositado estava quase na metade. O paciente
ficou chocado e a razão foi que ele não havia sido
suficientemente informado ou não havia sido
informado sobre o que aconteceria em cada etapa.
O paciente disse: “Olha aqui, estive aqui somente
por duas consultas e um ou dois testes e a conta é
tão alta”. Bem, entregaram todas as taxas ao
paciente e ele finalmente entendeu para onde tinha
ido seu dinheiro e com que rapidez o dinheiro pode
ir, e o que precisamos fazer para ter certeza de que
ele ainda pode continuar o tratamento. Agora, no
MD Anderson Cancer Center temos vários
departamentos que prestam serviços psicossociais
de apoio e cada área tem a sua área de
profissionais especializados que atendem pacientes
DOCUMENTS
-Visa letters
-Letters to attorneys, criminal
justice system, patients and
family members to employers
or schools, FMLA, military
leave, jury duty excuse
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Now, there are also other concrete resources, which
are equally important and that address the practical
concerns of a patient’s day-to-day treatment journey,
and that is: housing, transportation, financial
assistance, pharmacy, education, documents. These
are not small issues.
Patient Advocacy
The Learning Center
Supportive Care
Palliative Care &
Rehabilitation Services
Pain Management
Ethics Services
Tobacco Treatment
Sleep Clinic
27
para resolver problemas e assuntos psicossociais.
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Department of Social Work
Psychosocial Counseling Services
• Individual and group counseling: Screen and identify high risk
patients and families, crisis intervention, adjustment to diagnosis
and treatment
• Transitions of care: Pre-hospice, nursing home, assisted living
assessment, education and counseling
• Protection issues: Guardianship, abuse (child and adult), domestic
violence, exploitation/neglect
• Resources for housing, transportation and practical quality
of life concerns
• Custodial/provider services information, mental health resources,
family service centers, etc.
• Advance care planning
The Department of Social Work provides individual
and group counseling that identify and counsel highrisk patients and families, provide crisis intervention,
and help with adjustment to diagnosis and treatment.
They help with transitions of care. So if a patient is
going into hospice, just to tell the patient, “Oh you
know I am going to get you connected to hospice,”
means nothing. But to be able to explain to the patient
what hospice can do, how will it help the patient in the
long run, what does it actually mean, and making the
patient feel completely comfortable about this new
transition to care, because, if you do not do that, the
patient is going to come right back through our
emergency center and not have the quality of life that
they could have got otherwise. Protection issues like
guardianship, abuse, domestic violence, exploitation.
A lot of cancer patients do have issues with being
exploited or abused, not because there are actually
abusers in the home, but because the caregivers are
completely burdened and overwhelmed and are not
able to cope with the situation themselves. Resources
for housing, transportation and practical quality of life
concerns, custodial and provider services information.
This is very, very important because patients, -- this is
the first time they have been hit with something like
this. They have no idea of where to start, where to go
and what to do. And advanced care planning in terms
of, “Okay, so this might take another six months to a
year, or two years or five years. Let’s look at what we
want to do; what are the different things that could
happen and how do we want to proceed in a planned
manner?”
O Departamento de Assistência Social oferece
aconselhamento individual e em grupo para
identificar e aconselhar pacientes e familiares em
alto risco, oferecer intervenção em situações de
crise e ajudar com a adaptação ao diagnóstico e ao
tratamento. Eles ajudam com as transições da
atenção. Então, se um paciente vai a um centro
para atendimento de pacientes terminais, dizer-lhe
apenas: “Oh, você sabe, vou providenciar para que
se comunique com o centro para atendimento de
pacientes terminais”, não significa nada. Mas poder
explicar ao paciente o que esse centro para
pacientes terminais pode fazer, como ajudará o
paciente a longo prazo, o que realmente significa e
fazê-lo ficar bem à vontade no que concerne a esta
nova transição para cuidados, porque se você não
fizer isso, o paciente voltará direto pelo prontosocorro e não terá a qualidade de vida que poderia
ter. Assuntos de proteção, como curatela, maustratos, violência familiar, exploração. Muitos
pacientes com câncer são explorados ou sofrem
maus-tratos, não porque na casa haja pessoas que
maltratam, mas porque os cuidadores estão
completamente sobrecarregados e sufocados e não
podem enfrentar a situação sozinhos. Recursos
para habitação, transporte e problemas práticos de
qualidade de vida, informações de serviços de
custódia e provedores. Isto é muito, muito
importante porque os pacientes – essa é a primeira
vez que eles passam por algo semelhante. Eles não
têm ideia por onde começar, para onde ir e o que
fazer. E o planejamento de atenção avançada em
termos de: “Muito bem, então isto talvez leve outros
seis meses a um ano, ou dois anos ou cinco anos.
Vejamos o que queremos fazer; quais são as coisas
28
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Place...of
Place...of Wellness
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integrative medicine consultation
Acupuncture
Massage
Individual and group counseling
Support groups
Expressive therapies (art, music)
Movement therapies (yoga, tai chi, pilates)
Nutrition groups and consultation
Relaxation techniques
Complementary
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Psychiatry
• Counseling for individuals, caregivers, couples
and children
We have The Place of Wellness that helps patients
with integrative medicine consultation. They have
acupuncture. They have massage. They have
individual and group counseling, support groups,
expressive therapies like art and music. There is
yoga, tai chi, nutrition groups, relaxation exercises
and complementary medicine consults that give
patients another alternative to the cancer treatments,
or complements the cancer treatments that they are
undergoing currently.
Also Psychiatry helps with medication management
for psychiatric disorders while providing counseling for
individuals, caregivers, couples and children. They
also help with the treatment of sexual dysfunction and
substance dependence.
que poderiam acontecer e como queremos
proceder de maneira planejada?”
Temos o Place of Wellnes [Lugar de Bem-estar]
que presta serviços de consultas ao paciente com
medicina integrativa. Eles oferecem acupuntura.
Eles oferecem massagem. Eles oferecem
aconselhamento individual e em grupo, terapias de
expressão, como arte e música. Oferecem ioga, tai
chi, grupos de nutrição, exercícios de relaxamento e
consultas de medicina complementar que
proporcionam aos pacientes outras opções aos
tratamentos contra o câncer a que eles se
submetem no momento, ou que complementam
esses tratamentos.
A psiquiatria também ajuda com tratamentos
terapêuticos para transtornos psiquiátricos, além de
oferecer aconselhamento para pessoas,
cuidadores, casais e crianças. Também oferecem
tratamentos para a disfunção sexual e dependência
de substâncias químicas.
• Medication management for psychiatric disorders
• Treatment for sexual dysfunction and substance
dependence
• Physician referral required
29
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Chaplaincy
Chaplaincy is a wonderful department at MD
Anderson that helps with spiritual support to all our
patients and family members. And this support is
provided for people from all faith traditions.
O serviço de capelães dispõe de um departamento
excelente no MD Anderson que oferece apoio
espiritual aos pacientes e familiares. E este apoio é
oferecido para pessoas de todas as religiões.
We have what is called The Anderson Network that is
a network of patients who have been diagnosed with
cancer, treated with cancer, and are part of the MD
Anderson family. So this Anderson Network connects
one patient to the other. A patient with breast cancer
with metastatic disease, Stage 1, might be connected
to another patient who has a similar diagnosis,
disease has been treated or undergoing treatment,
and help the other patient to find some support with
emotional, psychological, and cultural issues. There
are hospitality centers all around the hospital. There
are patient/caregiver telephone lines. They have adult
patient camps, community outreach groups and online
support groups through The Anderson Network.
Temos o que se chama The Anderson Network [A
Rede Anderson] que é uma rede de pacientes que
receberam o diagnóstico de câncer, foram tratados
para câncer e fazem parte da família do MD
Anderson. A Rede Anderson põe em contato os
pacientes uns com os outros. Uma paciente com
câncer de mama com doença metastática, Estágio
1, talvez possa se comunicar com outra paciente
que recebeu um diagnóstico similar, já terminou o
tratamento ou está sendo submetida a ele no
momento e ajuda a outra paciente a encontrar
algum apoio para problemas emocionais,
psicológicos e culturais. Existem centros de
hospitalidade ao redor de todo o hospital. Existem
linhas de telefone para pacientes/cuidadores. Eles
dispõem de acampamentos para pacientes adultos,
grupos de ação social comunitária e grupos de
apoio on-line por meio do Anderson Network.
• Spiritual support to all patients, family members
and staff
• Spiritual support for all faith traditions
• Visits from a particular religion upon request
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Anderson Network
• Connects patients with patients
• Two hospitality centers
• Patient/caregiver telephone line
• Pediatric caregiver telephone support network
• Annual patient/caregiver conference
• Weekly educational presentations (PIKNIC)
• Adult patient camp and day trips (camp carefree
and day away)
• Community outreach programs
• Online support: Cancer Survivor Message Board,
WarmNet, Ask the Expert
30
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
CancerCancer-related Fatigue Clinic
• Comprehensive evaluation of fatigue
• Patients with or without evidence of cancer
• Physician referral required
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Child, Adolescent, and Young Adult
Psychosocial Outreach Program
• Child and adolescent life
• Pediatric psychology and
neuropsychology
We also have a Cancer-related Fatigue Clinic. And we
know, we all know that fatigue impacts the quality of
life of a patient just like pain, and can, in fact, drive a
patient into serious depression. Comprehensive
evaluation of fatigue, and again, for patients with or
without evidence of cancer, this can be done at our
Fatigue Center.
Também temos uma Clínica de Fadiga relacionada
ao câncer. E sabemos, todos nós sabemos que a
fadiga impacta a qualidade de vida do paciente,
assim como a dor e, de fato, pode levar o paciente
a uma depressão grave. A avaliação integral da
fadiga, para pacientes com ou sem evidência de
câncer, pode ser feita no nosso Centro de Fadiga.
We also have a Child, Adolescent, and Young Adult
Psychosocial Outreach Program for children,
adolescents, siblings, parents of children. We have a
wonderful place called Kim’s Place where children can
go and play games and connect with each other.
Além disso, temos o Child, Adolescent, and Young
Adult Psychosocial Outreach Program, um
programa de atendimento psicossocial voltado para
crianças, adolescentes e adultos jovens. Temos um
ótimo lugar chamado Kim's Place, onde as crianças
podem ir e jogar jogos e se interrelacionarem.
• Pediatric education
• Career and vocational counseling
• Kim’s Place
31
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Patient Advocacy
• Complaints
• Unresolved issues
Patient Advocacy helps with patient complaints
regarding, maybe wait times. Maybe they do not like
the way someone has spoken to them, or they are not
happy with the billing concerns or issues. Patient
advocacy will assist patients and navigate them
through the right channels to address their questions
and concerns.
A Defesa do Paciente presta auxílio ao paciente
com queixas referentes a, talvez, tempos de
espera. Talvez eles não tenham gostado da
maneira como alguém falou com eles ou não estão
satisfeitos com as preocupações ou problemas
relativos à fatura. A defesa do paciente auxiliará os
pacientes e lhes indicará o caminho certo para
resolverem suas dúvidas e problemas.
We have a wonderful Learning Center that has
immense information and updated information on
cancer care with every type of cancer, the support,
prevention programs, and general health and wellness
information.
Contamos com um ótimo Centro de Aprendizagem
que tem um volume imenso de informações e
dados atualizados sobre atenção oncológica com
todos os tipos de câncer, apoio, programas de
prevenção e informações gerais de saúde e bemestar.
• Questions about MD Anderson
• Resources and services
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Learning Center
Latest information on:
• Cancer care
• Support
• Prevention
• General health and wellness
32
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Supportive Care Center
Assessing and managing cancer related:
Our Supportive Care Center assesses and manages
physical and emotional symptoms, preventing,
minimizing losses of physical functioning, and this is
very, very crucial to our patients who have mobility
issues.
Nosso Centro de Cuidados de Apoio avalia e
controla os sintomas físicos e emocionais, mediante
prevenção, minimizando perdas das funções
físicas, e isto é muito, muito importante para os
nossos pacientes que têm problemas de
mobilidade.
Pain Management, again, we have a superb Pain
Management Service that does comprehensive pain
assessment and treats acute and chronic pain related
to cancer.
Tratamento da Dor, também temos um Serviço de
Tratamento da Dor que realiza avaliações integrais
da dor e trata dores agudas e crônicas relacionadas
ao câncer.
• Physical and emotional symptoms
• Preventing or minimizing losses of
physical functioning
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Pain Management
• Comprehensive pain assessment
• Multidisciplinary pain treatment for inpatients
and outpatients
• Treatment for acute and chronic pain related
to cancer
33
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Ethics Consultation Service
• Patients and caregivers who face difficult decisions
related to medical treatment or other aspects of care
Our Ethics Consult Service is available 24 hours, 7
days a week. This is strictly confidential. And patients
and caregivers who face difficult decisions related to
medical treatment have the privilege of asking for an
ethics consult with their providers to be able to make a
reasonable decision.
Nosso Serviço de Consulta Ética está disponível as
24 horas, os sete dias da semana. Esse serviço é
estritamente confidencial. E os pacientes e
cuidadores que enfrentam decisões difíceis
relacionadas ao tratamento médico têm o privilégio
de solicitar uma consulta sobre ética com os
provedores para poderem tomar uma decisão
razoável.
We have Neuropsychology and ChemoBrain Clinics
that help with assessment of cognitive and
neurobehavioral symptoms, which come up with
intervention strategies for these patients with
chemobrain.
Temos a Clínicas de Neuropsicologia e de
ChemoBrain que realizam avaliações dos sintomas
cognitivos e neurocomportamentais, que propõem
estratégias de intervenção para os pacientes com
“chemobrain”.
• Ethics consultation advisory only
• Available 24 hours/7 days a week
• Strictly confidential
• Free of charge
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Neuropsychology and Chemo Brain
Neuropsychologists provide:
• Assessment of cognitive and neurobehavioral
symptoms
• Intervention strategies for cognitive and
neurobehavioral changes due to cancer, cancer
therapy or co-existing problems (MIND Clinic)
34
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Cancer Prevention
Also our Cancer Prevention Center that does cancer
screening, risk assessment, has smoking cessation
programs and genetic testing.
Também nosso Centro de Prevenção de Câncer
que realiza rastreamento de câncer, avaliação de
riscos, oferece programas para deixar o hábito do
fumo e teste genético.
Our tobacco treatment is an extremely effective
program that helps with patients who want to stop
smoking. And this again, they provide behavioral
counseling on an individual basis and also provide
over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy.
Nosso tratamento para o fumo é um programa
extremamente eficaz que auxilia os pacientes que
querem parar de fumar. Além disso, oferecem
aconselhamento comportamental individual e
terapia de reposição de nicotina sem receita
médica.
• Comprehensive and site-specific
cancer screening
• Risk assessment and risk reduction
• Smoking cessation and programs
• Genetic testing
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Tobacco Treatment
• Voluntary program
• Counseling and tobacco-treatment medication to
eligible MD Anderson patients
• In-person behavioral counseling
• Over-the-counter nicotine replacement
• Therapies
• Tobacco-treatment prescription medication
35
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Sleep Clinic
We have a wonderful Sleep Clinic that helps with the
sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, insomnia and
behavioral sleep disorders; a lot of counseling, and
management of their sleep cycles.
Temos uma excelente Clínica do Sono que presta
serviços para a apneia do sono, a síndrome das
pernas inquietas, transtornos de insônia e
comportamentais do sono; muito aconselhamento e
tratamento dos ciclos do sono.
Our Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Center
assesses and manages chronic cancer-related
symptoms. This could be while they are undergoing
active cancer treatment, or when they come to the
end of their treatment, when they are at the end
stages of their treatment or in the advanced stages of
their disease. This service helps patients obtain the
best possible quality of life by coordinating their
symptom management between pain and fatigue,
emotional, psychological, physical and spiritual.
Again, physician referral is required and this service
also helps patients understand the difference between
symptom management in acute care treatment, and
symptom management at the end of treatment where
it is mainly palliative and end of life therapy. So, we
come to the end of this presentation with the
psychosocial support for patients with breast cancer
and I do hope that this presentation was useful to you.
Thank you for your time and attention.
Nosso Centro de Cuidados Paliativos e Reabilitação
avalia e trata os sintomas crônicos relacionados ao
câncer. Isso pode ser realizado enquanto eles estão
sendo submetidos ao tratamento para o câncer ou
quando chegam ao fim do tratamento, quando
estão nos estágios finais do tratamento ou nos
estágios avançados da doença. Esse serviço
permite que os pacientes obtenham a melhor
qualidade de vida possível ao coordenar o manejo
dos sintomas, entre dor e fadiga, emocionais,
psicológicos, físicos e espirituais. Além do mais, o
encaminhamento médico é obrigatório e esse
serviço também ajuda os pacientes a entenderem a
diferença entre o manejo dos sintomas num
tratamento de cuidados intensivos e o manejo dos
sintomas no fim do tratamento, que consiste
basicamente de cuidados paliativos e terapia de
final de vida. Chegamos ao fim desta apresentação
com o apoio psicossocial das pacientes com câncer
de mama e espero que estas informações tenham
sido proveitosas para vocês. Muito obrigado pela
For patients with the following symptoms:
•
•
•
•
Sleep apnea and snoring
Restless leg syndrome
Insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness
Behavioral sleep disorder
Psychosocial Impact of Breast
Cancer - Hoping and Coping
Palliative Care and Rehabilitation
• Assess and manage chronic cancer-related symptoms
• Help patients attain the best possible quality of life
• Physician referral required
36
atenção.
37

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