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PARTE I
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DEPARTAMENTO CENTRAL
SECTOR DE J
. ..
.
,
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...I FRANCISCO CALADO
..
INAL E POL~CIATECNICA
CACAO JUDICJLRTA
e
ALEXANDRE SII\.IAS
,
Sous la direction de
Mireille DELMAS-MARTY
Travaux du Colloque international
organ*
par
I'Association de recherches penales europeennes
sous le haut patronage de
la Commission des Communautes europennes
A vec /e conc&s du journal Le Monde
(Fondation Royaumont, 23 et 24 octobre 1992)
ECONOMICA
.
49, rue Hkricart, 75015 Paris.
-
@ Ed ECONOMICA. 1993
TOUSdroits de reproduction, de traduction, d'adaptation et d'exkution
rkerv6.s pour tow l a pays.
T h e Origins of Crime Detection
&nd the Murder Case
t h a t Launched Forensic Science
COLIN BEAVAN
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1
he outlaw motorcycle gang
early 1950s. These loosely-structured
phenomenon first apgeace_dl;
groups were mainly involved in manu
the-U.S.
in
the
late
1340s
when
iacturing drugs such as methampheta-----_l-l.ll---_____rr
returning soldiers found a
mine. The Satan's Choice, based in
country with little to offer
Ontario, also had a Montreal chapter.
diem - few iobs or o ~ ~ o r t u n i t i and
es
The Popeyes, established in Montreal,
m e appreciation for their wartime conhad chapters in major Quebec urban
tributions. The men formed motorcycle
centres. At the time the ganis were'the
-- two largest OMGs.
clubs in which they tried to regain bonds
of brotl~erhood.
In March 1377, the Outlaws entered
Ontario by absorbing half of the Satan's
The firs-~ngels
chapter emerged
in 1948 when the POBOB (Pissed off
Choice chapters, taking advantage of an
Bastards of Bloomington) took on the
internal disp;te in thelatter @up. 1;
December 1977, the HellhAngas - name Hells Angels and moved to San
Bernardino, California. In the 198Os, the
expanded its operations in the Montreal
Hells Angels organized prerequisites for
area.by absorbing the Popeyes. The arrival
new club chapters: the motorcycle gang
of these American gangs in Canada evenmust have pelmanent members who have
'tually ignited an extended, bloody conexpertise in profitable criminal activities.
flict between the Outlaws and the Hells
Currently, the Hells Angels have 217 chapAngels. In the mid-1980s, the Hells
ters in 27 countries with approximately
Angels neutralized the Outlaws influence
3,000 members. They continue to expand.
in Quebec and strengthened their position throughout the provipce.
The other two motorcycle gangs of the
international "Big Three" are the Outlaws
-Throughout theT980s and 1390s, the
and Bandidos. The Outlaws with the
Hells Angels continually expandedtheir
current skun/bones logo, established in
chapters and membership. Currently,
Joliet, Illinois in 1959, has a membership
thefe are 26 outlaw mot6rcycle gangs in
Cbfiada. The H ~ Angels
S
conti01 or '
of 1,200 sfiead over 128 chapfers in '
10 tountnes, hcluding the U.S., Europe,
influence all th'e OMGs 5 the c'ountry
Aus'tralia, Canada and Thailand. ~ h g ~ a n - with the exception of the Outlaws and
didos or "Bandido Nation", formed in
the Bandidos and their puppet dubs or
Texas in 1966, now has 140 chapters and
affiliated street gangs.
approximately 2,500 members in twelve
The-Hells Angels' is the most powerful
countries, including the U.S., Australia,
and best-structured criminal organization
Europe, Canada and haila an:.
with 34 full chapters and one hang-'
Outlaw motorcycle gangs first
around chapter with close to GOO memappeared in Ontario and Quebec in the
bers, prospects and hangarounds. The
--
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IHells Angels established chapters in
Ontario in 2000, after years of trying.
In an unusual move, members from the
Bandidos and the Outlaws in Ontario
and Quebec defected to join tlle Hells
Angels. There are 10 Outlaws chapters in
Canada, and four Bandidos chapters,
which were established on December 1,
2001. The Bandidos entered Ontario just
ahead of the Hells Angels, establishing
the Rock Machine as Bandidos probationary members.
Criminal Activities and Modus Operandi
Across the country, OMGs, particularly
the Hells Angels, are involved in money
laundering, intimidation, assaults,
attempted murder, murder, fraud, theft,
counterfeiting, loan-sharking, extortion,
prostitution, escort agencies, strip clubs,
booze cans (selling alcohol illegally), the
possession and trafficking of illegal
weapons, stolen goods, contraband, and
illicit alcohol and cigarettes. OMGs continue to be involved in the importation
and trafficking of cocaine, the cultivation
and exportation of high-grade marijuana
and, to a lesser extent, the production
and trafficking of methamphetamine, the
trafficking of ecstasy and other synthetic
illicit drugs. Drug trafficking is the main
source of revenue.
The Chapter
A chapter, operating out of a given city or
a given region, maintains independence
over internal discipline and criminal
s
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"
Biker Histoiy"
,, , '
activities of the chapter in its region.
Outlaw motorcycle gangs have a vertical
structure. The compliance of six colourwearing members is required for the
chapter to operate. However, under special
conditions, such as members in jail,
chapters can operate with less than six
members with the help of other chapters.
Chapters are governed by several mles in
which the rights and obligations of members are set out. (Note: Rules are periodically broken and amended when required.
Chapters hold weekly meetings, "church",
in which they take care of the administrative business of the gang. If questions concerning criminal activities arise, they are
presented verbally or on a chalk board or
paper in order to erase evidence.)
National meetings are held four to six
times a year. The Hell Angels also hold
two annual international officers' meetings. An officer meeting is held during
the World Run, in which every country
discusses the problems and concerns of
the various chapters and regional bodies,
as well as corporate affairs at the national
and international levels. At this meeting,
which takes place in a different country
every year, amendments or new rules are
sometimes adopted.
Colors
Outlaw motorcycle gangs wear their
colors or patches on a sleeveless denim or
leather vest. The gang emblem is sewn in
the centre and is accompanied with a
patch indicating "MC" (motorcycle club).
Above this is a rocker (patch) indicating
the name of the gang and below is a
rocker indicating the territory controlled
by the chapter. Gang members may also
wear other patches, lapel pins and
badges, each with its own meaning.
Colors are restricted to members only.
Hangarounds only wear a black and
white patch on top of their left side
pocket, with the name of their chapter.
Prospects wear only the lower rocker as
well as the letters MC and two front
patches with the name of their chapter
and the word 'prospect: Colors remain
gang property and must be returned if a
member leaves the gang.
Members may possess only one set
of colors, unless they requested
approval to have a set of colors for
motorcycle racing. Members who leave
the gang in good standing are permitted
to keep their colors for display purposes
only.
Patches and Tattoos
Patches and tattoos show members'
status within the organization. (Note:
Side rockers (patches) may be different
than front or back rockers. Side rockers
display fnendships or affiliations with
other chapters.)
The Hells Angels have patches that are
unique to their d u b such as "Filthy Few"
and "Dequiallo" patches. Filthy Few
patches indicate that members have committed one or several murders for the
organization in the presence of another
member. Many Quebec Hells Angels have
the right to wear this patch; however, members are not all indined to wear it conspicuously. Some members wear a "GGG" black
and white patch which represents "Filthy
Few Forever", the letter "f"being the sixth
letter of the alphabet. The Dequiallo badge
indicates that a member committed an act
of violence toward a person in authority or
resisted arrest violently.
Clubhouses
Most OMG chapters in Canada have
clubhouses, which are typically used for
business and social gatherings, often containing board rooms, bars, gym equipment and garage areas. Clubhouses have
extensive and complex security systems:
video cameras, microphones, telephone
scramblers, external security features and
24-hour watch supplied by prospects.
A number of municipalities in Quebec
and Ontario are creating bylaws to prevent fortified buildings from being used
as bunkers for OMGs. The bylaws limit or
prevent extensive security features, such
as metal doors, bullet-proof windows,
surveillance towers and security technology. Municipalities are successfully
claiming that bunkers violate municipal
bylaws and represent a danger to the
safety and well-being of the community.
There has been tremendous public support for these bylaws (see article on
page 31).
There has been a change in clubhouse
practises in Quebec. As a result of successful law enforcement operations, Hells
Angels and affiliated puppet club members in Quebec have temporarily stopped
wearing their colours, covered up gangrelated tattoos and are avoiding meetings
at clubhouses. Most Hells Angels clubhouses in Quebec are for sale, either
voluntarily or through court orders.
*
FARTE I1
1. Comentc o seguinte testo dc fonna sucinta.
L
"Anuncio
PROCURA-SE
CASAMENTO
TRANSVERSAL.
BIBLIOTECA - A MAIS ANTIGA MAQUINA DO TEMPO pretende
conhecer para fins skrios, A MAIS RECENTE VARINHA MAGICA DA
INFORMACAO E DA DOCUMENTACAO (tipo INTERNET)"
Maria Otilia Pereira Lage
2. Coinente o seguinte excerto dc Maura Rurak tendo em cotita o perfil do
Profissional da Informa@io face aos desafios das novas Tecnologias da
Tnforina~iio:
"The technology revolution has changed the way Librarians work. Today,
they're hired as high-tech wizards to navigate the Internet, establish
Intranets, search databases and classify information. As information
becomes more accessible to employees, the need for computer-sawy special
librarians with stellar research skills is growing rapidly, say recruiters."
I
Plano de classificaqBo da Prova de Conhecimentos Especificos (PCE) relativa
ao concurso interno de ingress0 para o provimento de urn lugar de Especialista
Superior Estagiario (Area de Documenta~Bo)do quadro do pessoal da Policia
Judiciaria
Parte 1 - 20 valores
Parte ll - 20 valores
Media aritmbtica 20 20 = 20 valores
+
PARTE f
\
1. Foi atribuida a pontuaqBo global de 6 valores, distribuida da seguinte
forma:
-
catalogaqZo de texto em ingles que deve conter os seguintes 6 itens: titulo,
menqBes de responsabilidade, ediq50, pe de imprensa, ISBN, entradas
(principal e secundaria). Cada um dos itens corresponde a 0,33 perfazendo
na totalidade 1,98 (com arredondamento para 2 valores);
-
cataloga~iode texto em franc& que deve conter os seguintes 5 itens:
titulo, menqBes de responsabilidade, pe de imprensa, notas, entradas
(principal e secundaria). Cada urn dos itens corresponde a 0,40 perfazendo
na totalidade 2 valores.
-
catalogaq50 de texto em portugu6s que deve conter os seguintes 4 itens:
titulo, menq6es de responsabilidade, pe de imprensa, entradas (principal e
secundaria). Cada um dos itens corresponde a 0,50 perfazendo na
totalidade 2 valores.
2. Foi atribuida a pontuaqio global de 14 valores, distribuida da seguinte
forma:
2.1.
Objectividade - devera haver a preocupas20 de n2o desvirtuar o
conteudo do texto
Boa objectividade
-4
valores
Razoavel objectividade
-2
valores
Reduzida objectividade - 1 valor
2.2.
Redacqso cuidada - o vocabulario utilizado devera obedecer ao
chamado portugues "padrio" (vocabulos que possam ser entendidos por
destinatarios da informaqio que poder5o n i o ser muito versados em
determinadas materias), devenclo as express6es utilizadas ser precisas.
Boa redacqio - 4 valores
Razoavel redacqio - 2 valores
Deficiente redacqso - 1 valor
2.3.
Concisio - Indepe'ndentemente da extensso que os "abstracts" possam
ter, os mesmos dever5o ser elaborados com base nas ideias principais
contidas nos textos, object0 de analise, e obedecer a urna articulaq50
conceptual logica.
Boa capacidade de concis50 - 3 valores
Razoavel capacidade de concisio - 2 valores
Reduzida capacidade de concis50
2.4.
-
Ivalor
"Modus faciendi" apelativo - Um "abstract" devera suscitar o interesse
do destinatario da i n f o r m a ~ i ode uma forma apelativa, o que pressupee
o recurso a tecnicas de redacqso especificas, que suscitem por norma, o
interesse do utilizador da informaqzo.
Boa capacidade apelativa - 3 valores
Razoavel capacidade apelativa - 2 valores
Reduzida capacidade apelativa - 1 valor
PARTE li
1. Foi atribuida a pontuaq5o de 6 valores tendo em conta os seguintes
parsmetros:
1.I.
- Boa percepqzo e consequente desenvolvimento das ideias-chave do
texto - 3 valores
.
.
- Razoavel percepqio do texto - 2 valores
- Reduzida percepq50 do texto - 1 valor
1.2. Redacq5o bem elaborada - 3 valores
- Redacqio razoavelmente elaborada - 2 valores
- Redacq5o pouco elaborada - 1 valor
2. Foi atribuida a pontuaqio de 14 valores tendo em conta os seguintes
par5metros:
-
Interpretaqso do texto. Coerencia na articulaq20 das ideias, na relaqso dos
argumentos expostos e na constru~Gode urn sentido global. Dominio cia
construqso do texto, revelando uma exposiqso estruturada, com introduqso,
desenvolvimento e conclus50. Born enquadramento dos conhecimentos de
TI.
Boa - 14 valores
Razoavel - 12 valores
Reduzida - 10 valores