trabalho completo - 52ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de

52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Avaliação de dietas na reprodução de calopsitas criadas em cativeiro1
Vanessa Daniela Lázara de Assis2, Carlos Eduardo do Prado Saad3, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi4, Alessandra Gimenez
Mascarenhas5,Thatijanne Santos Gonzaga de Carvalho6, Lorrayne Thais Sales7, Cristielle Fernandes Rodrigues8
1
Parte da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor
Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Animal – UFG, Goiânia, Brasil,
Bolsista da CAPES. e-mail:
[email protected]
3
Professor adjunto no departamento de Zootecnia da UFLA, BRA
4
Professora adjunta no departamento de Produção Animal da UFG, BRA
5
Professora adjunta no departamento de Produção Animal da UFG, BRA
6
Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Produção de Não Ruminantes - UFLA, BRA. Bolsista do CNPq.
7
Graduanda em Zootecnia – UFLA, BRA
8
Graduanda em Zootecnia – UFLA, BRA
2
Resumo: Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa realizar um estudo investigatório com o intuito de avaliar os parâmetros
reprodutivos de calopsitas criadas em cativeiro frente a duas dietas: comercial e formulada. O delineamento foi
inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e duas repetições. Em relação à postura dos ovos viáveis, verificouse que não houve diferença significativa (P=0,613) entre os tratamentos. O consumo de ração na fase de pré-postura
sofreu efeito (P= 0,015) em relação aos tratamentos. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo permitem concluir que
as duas rações testadas não influenciaram na viabilidade dos ovos. As aves apresentaram maior consumo na fase
pré-postura, o que pode ter sido influenciado pelo seu comportamento reprodutivo. Diante dos resultados
encontrados nesse estudo investigatório pode-se perceber a grande necessidade de mais estudos sobre a espécie em
estudo.
Palavras–chave: alimentação, ovos, nutrição, psitacideos
Diets assessment on the reproduction of cockatiels bred in captivity
Abstract: The objective of this research hold an investigative study in order to assess the reproductive parameters
cockatiels bred in captivity front of two diets: commercial and formulated. The design was completely randomized
with two treatments and two replications. Regarding the posture of the viable eggs it was found that there was no
significant difference (P=0.613) between treatments. Feed intake in the pre-laying phase was affected (P=0.015)
compared to treatment. The results found in this study support the conclusion that the two diets studied did not
influence the viability of the eggs. The birds had higher consumption in the pre-laying phase, which may have been
influenced by their reproductive behavior. Given the results found in this investigative study we can realize the
great need for more studies on the species under study.
Keywords: food, eggs, nutrition, parrots
Introduction
Parrots in general are regarded as grain-eating birds, although some studies show great diversity in their
eating habits. In captivity, many breeding facility still use the seed mix as the sole source of food for the birds,
which can cause nutritional problems due to lack of vitamin and mineral mixtures and habit that these birds have in
selecting the most palatable seeds. To minimize this selectivity and nutritional imbalance, they use industrial feed.
One of the obstacles in feed formulation for parrots, is still the small number of studies on the nutrition of these
birds, being the lack of knowledge about the nutritional requirements what generates numerous nutritional diseases
such as obesity, behavioral problems, reproductive problems such as delayed puberty, or absence of reproducing in
some cases, among others. The objective of this research hold an investigative study in order to assess the breeding
cockatiels bred in captivity in front of two diets, commercial and formulated.
Material e Methods
The experiment was conducted in partnership with the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), in the country
of Lavras- MG, in the period from November to January 2015. They used ten couples of cockatiels aged
approximately two years, each couple being housed in a separate cage for breeding. The reproductive traits
evaluated were: posture, egg weight, incubation period, hatching, egg size and thickness of the shell eggs after
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
hatching. During the period of laying eggs the produced eggs were identified in the organization of laying, counted,
measured and weighed 48 to 48 hours and the candling at the 10th day of laying. The diets were weighed at the
beginning and end of each week, for calculating the consumption accounting the leftovers and waste. The
experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were composed of two diets,
one commercial and the other made (Table 1) to meet the nutritional requirements of the birds. The treatment means
were compared using analysis of variance, performed using the GLM procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis
System, Cary, NC, USA), adopting 10% as the critical level of probability for the occurrence of Type I Error.
Table 1 Percent composition the formulated feed
Ingredientes
%
Corn grain
30.000
Pre-cooked corn
24.600
Sunflower shelled
15.000
Wheat bran
9.000
Full fat extruded soybean
7.000
Soybean Meal 45%
5.000
Brewer's yeast
3.000
Dicalcium phosphate
1.600
Calcareous
1.500
Soy oil
1.200
Salt
0.700
Sugar
0.500
DL-methionine
0.450
L-lysine HCl
0.100
Mineral and vitamin supplement
0.200
Inert 1
0.150
1
kaolin
Results and Discussion
In table 2 are showed the status data of the eggs, the proportion of eggs, egg quality and feed intake.
Analyzing the data in relation to laying eggs, it was found that there was no significant difference (P=0.613)
between treatments. Feed intake in the pre-laying phase was affected (P=0.015) compared to treatments.
Tabela 2 Viability of eggs and consumption (g) of feed per couple of cockatiels
Variable
ESM1
Treatment
Commercial
Formulated
Pvalue
Status of eggs
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Viable, n/couple2
2.80
3.20
0.54
0.613
Not Viable, n/couple
1.60
1.00
0.36
0.273
Viable, %
61.60
74.60
10.73
0.416
Not viable, %
38.40
25.40
10.73
0.416
Not embryonated, n / couple
0.20
0.00
0.14
0.346
Embryonic death, n / couple
1.20
0.80
0.30
0.373
Broken, n / couple
0.20
0.20
0.20
1.000
Pre-posture
136.82
99.60
8.53
0.015
Pos-position
101.54
107.57
2.70
0.153
Proportion of eggs
Quality of eggs
Consumption (g)
Cockatiels in the reproductive phase perform posture along with the hatching of the eggs, and during this
phase both the male and female remain inside the nest to incubate the eggs. Reducing consumption in the postposition phase, may be due to the fact that cockatiels stay longer in the nest reducing their power. Published
scientific data on nutrition and breeding cockatiels are still scarce in Brazil, which means that discussions are
compared to other species. Nunes et al, 2006, evaluating the effect of different levels of calcium in the diet of laying
in the pre and post-posture, found no significant difference in consumption of the birds. Neto et al, 1995, assessed
the nutritional requirements of pheasant in the reproductive phase in relation to the levels of protein and methionine
+ cystine, observed that there was no significant difference related of the treatments. Saad et al, 2007, in studies
conducted with parrots-true (Amazona aestiva) found data consumption (average of 22.04 g with a minimum of a
maximum of 16.93 g 26.80 g) and quote that the values are higher than the values found by Carciofi (1996) for true
parrots (minimum of 12.40 and maximum of 19,1g per bird day).
Conclusions
The results found in this study support the conclusion that the two diets studied did not influence the
viability of the eggs, which can be suggested an economic analysis to assess the economic viability of the two diets.
The birds had higher consumption in the pre-laying phase, which may have been influenced by their reproductive
behavior. Given the results found in this investigative study in relation to nutrition and reproduction of cockatiels
can realize the great need for more studies on the species under study. Because of that, many results cannot be
stated due to lack of studies correlated with objective of this research.
References
Neto MG, Junqueira OM, Malheiros EB. 1995. Exigências nutricionais de faisões na fase de reprodução - 1.
Parâmetros produtivos. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira; 6:737-744.
Nunes, R. V.; Pozza, P. C.; Scherer, C.; Campestrini, E.; Rocha, L. D.; Nunes, C. G. V.; Costa, F. G. P.
2006. Efeito dos teores de cálcio para poedeiras semipesadas durante a fase de pré-postura e no início da postura.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. ISSN 1806-9290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982006000700018 (on line).
Saad, C. E. P.; Ferreira, W. M.; Borges, F. M. O.; Lara, L. B. 2007. Avaliação do gasto e Consumo
voluntário de rações balanceadas e semente de girassol para papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva). Ciência e
Agrotecnologia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542007000400034 [online].
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