Kommentare zu Kodierungen der AGE - atlas-e

Transcrição

AGE
GA
EA
GA
OWC
FE6
EA-Nr.
943
Atlas-Nr.
943
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
Land (Untersuchungsort)
GHANA
Länder (Verbreitungsgebiete mit demographischen Angaben)
78000 Ga / Benin
Quellenangaben nach Murdock
Daniell, W.F. 1856. On the Ethnography of Akkrah and Adampé. Journ. Ethnol. Soc. London. 4: 1-32.
Field, M. J. 1937. Religion and Medicine of the Ga People. London.
____ 1940. Social Organization of teh Ga People. London.
Manoukian, M. 1950. Akan and Ga-Adangme Peoples of the Gold Coast. London.
Zusätzliche Quellen
Area Handbook for Ghana. 1971. Washington.
Baumann, H. 1979. Die Völker Afrikas und ihre traditionellen Kulturen. Wiesbaden.
Elwert, G. 1973. Wirtschaft und Herrschaft von Daxome im 18. Jahrhundert. München.
Anmerkungen zur analytischen Grundeinheit (AGE)
L: 6N, longitude of Greenwich. T: 1930. B: V, 332.
zur Untersuchungseinheit: Manoukian (1950:67): "The Ga-speaking people are not a single group either by tradition or in
organization. Each 'town' consists of the descendants of one or more parties of immigrants and of the aborigines among whom
these immigrants settled more or less peacefully wherever there was vacant territory.
Ga in Benin: Elwert (1973:16): "Die Ga stammen ursprünglich aus der Gegend des heutigen Accra, haben sich aber soziokulturell
und sprachlich an ihre Nachbarn angepasst". Baumann (1979/2:374):
"... Sprachinseln, etwa die Existenz eines Ga-Dialektes (des Mina) in Klein-Popo (Dahome), wohin sich im 16. Jh. Ga aus der
Goldküste ... flüchteten."
Varia
Sprachliche Ähnlichkeit zu Adangme: Manoukian (1950:66): "The linguistic evidence, which is supported by their own oral
traditions, suggests that these two groups of peoples are of the same stock. They say that, under the pressure from a
proselytizing Fulani, Dafoleo, they came from Northern Nigeria into the La Adangme plains and that the ancestors of the
Ga-speaking section then broke away."
Religion: Manoukian (1950:94): "A marked feature of Ga culture is religious tolerance and respect for other people's gods; in each
Ga 'town' there are a large number of different cults (...) The cult of the ancestors is one in which all the Ga-speaking people
take part and it appears to play an important role in the preservation of custom (...)."
Kommentare zu Kodierungen der AGE
Verzeichnis der von Murdock kommentierten Variablen
11,12, 19,20, 73,75
Neukodierungen und ersetzte Missing Data
31, 44, 46, 48, 50, 56, 62, 65,74, 75, 76, Handel / Götzö
Kommentare (Quellennachweis nach: L=Literatur, F=Feldforschung, R=Rating)
V 11,12: But most married women continue to reside in their natal household.
V 19,20: But Daniell reports matrilineal exogamy.
V 31: Manoukian (1950:66): "The Ga 'towns' (in Gold Coast usage, places which have a stool) from west to east are: Accra, Osu,
Labadi, Teshi, Nungwa, and Temma. Each owns a strip of territory streching northwards for distances varying between twenty
and seventy miles. Each 'town' has associated with it a number of farming hamlets colonized by members of the 'town'. Accra
also has a long string of fishing villages streching for eight miles along the sand to the west. (...) Each Ga 'town' is an
independent political unit (...)."
V 43/ Zusatzzitat: Manoukian (1950:73): "However, this emphasis on patrilineal descend is modified in that succession of offices
held by women and inheritance of women's property go in the female line. This may be due to the influence of the matrilineal
institutions of the neighbouring Akan peoples."
V 44,46,48,50: Manoukian (1950:72): "The Ga standard of craftsmanship is today very low. Fishermen look after their nets and
tackle with great skill and pride, but this is exceptional. A great many articles of daily use come from outside the country (...)."
V 60/ Korrektur: Manoukian (1950:71): "FISHING, formerly confined to streams and lagoons, has been extended, under Fanti
tuition, to the sea with the aid of large hand-nets used from canoes. The captain of a fishing-boat is usually its owner, (..) some
boats are owned by women who put a male relative in charge. Relatives are preferred for the crew of four or five. (...) Curing
and marketing are done by women and it is a wife's duty to trade fish for her husband. Unmarried men entrust their catch to
their sister or mother. Fishwives also trade on their own account."
V 64/ Korrektur: Manoukian (1950:71): "All married and many unmarried men have their own food-farms. Neighbours and kinsmen
help each other in clearing. A wive has no obligation to hlep on the farm but she often does assist in clearing, planting and
harvesting. It is, however, her duty to market and exchange farm produce for her husband, giving him a stipulated sum for the
goods; she is free to keep any excess she can make. Most women have their own farms and trees, usually inherited from their
mothers. They are solely responsible for working these and cannot demand help from any man, though a husband or brother
Seite 1
GA - GHANA
often does clearing and heavier work in exchange for part of the produce."
V 73,75: But Daniell reports 3, 4.
V 74,75,76: Manoukian (1950:75): "All the lineage members meet to decide the distribution of property of a deceased member.
There are no rigid rules of inheritance but there are are practices which the elders may modify in any way they think fit. For
purposes of both inheritance and succession the sons of brothers count as one set of brothers and the daughters of sisters as
one set of sisters. (a) Men's rights and property. All goods and rights are inherited by the eldest surviving brother and so on in
order of seniority by age. (...) (b) Women's rights and property. Land, boats etc. belonging to a woman, and returns from these,
are divided between her sisters and all her childern, sons and daughters being treated equally."
Handel: Manoukian (1950:72): "All trading, except that initiated by foreigners, is carried on by women. Besides trading her
husband's goods every woman carries on some sort of trade on her own accaount (...)."
Seite 2
AGE
GADDI
EA
GADDI
OWC
keine
EA-Nr.
keine
Atlas-Nr.
1431
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
INDIA
58000 Gaddi/India, Himachal Pradesh
Noble, C. 1987. Over the High Passes. London. ZB: GR 3821.
Shashi, S.S. 1979. The Nomads of the Himalayas. ZB: FR 2954.
Bose, N. K. 1973. Some Indian Tribes. ESZ: AW 401.
Crooke, W. 1974. The Tribes and Castes of the North Western India. Delhi ESZ: AW 416 2.
"They [the Gaddi] are often regarded as a subcast of Ghosis…In the Punjab there are two quite distinct classes of people known by
this name - the Muslemân Gaddis of these Provinces, and a hill tribe inhabiting the mountain range between Kangra and
Chamba" (Crooke 1974:370).
(Die Kodierung bezieht sich ausschliesslich auf die Bergethnie.)
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
Neukodierung / Hofmann 1991
V 1/L: Noble (1987: 79)
V 2/L: Noble (1987: 79)
V 3/L: Noble (1987: 79)
V 4/L: Noble (1987: 79): "It seems to me they migrate because they have always been shepherds (perhaps traders, too); for
generations they have been in the habit of moving to find pasture for their flocks. For them cultivation of crops is less important
than the welfare of those flocks."
V 5/L: Noble (1987: 79) Vgl. V 4.
V 6/L: Bose (1972:96-97)
V 7/L: Noble (1987:43): "…until recently (in some cases continuing today) it was the groom's family who paid the dowry price."
V 8/L: Bose (1972:89): "… there is no joint family in the villages … but several closely related families occupy different storeys of
the same house."
V 9/L: Bose (1972:98): "If the man had two wives, the property is divided between the two and passes on to their male issues."
V 10/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 11/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 12/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 13/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 14/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 15/R
V 16/R
V 17/R
V 18/R
V 19/L: Shashi (1979:89)
V 20/L: Shashi (1979:89)
V 21/L: Shashi (1979:89)
V 28/L: Vgl. V 4.
V 29/L: Noble (1987:42): Winterweizen, Gerste und Mais
V 30/L: Shashi (1979:88)
V 31/L: Bose (1972:85): "… the population of a village varies form 'one family of about a dozen people to over a hundred families of
more than 600 people. The usual size is about 20 families'" (Newell zitiert in Bose).
V 33/L:Bose (1972:99): Die Gaddi sind in den indischen Nationalstaat integriert.
V 39/L: Bose (1972:89): "Ploughing is done with the help of cattle, but high up, a cross between the yak and plans cattle … is
harnessed for the purpose."
V 40/L: Noble (1987:41)
V 43/L: Shashi (1979:89)
V 44/L: Noble (1987:42)
V 46/L: Noble (1987:42): "A lot of wool is still spun, by both men and women, without a wheel, by hand on a drop spindle …
Weaving is often men's work."
V 48/L: Noble (1987:32)
Seite 1
GADDI - INDIA
V 56/R: Noble (1987)
V 58/R: Noble (1987)
V 60/R: Noble (1987)
V 62/L: Noble (1987:65)
V 64/R: Noble (1987:65)
V 67/L: Noble (1987:53ff.)
V 69/R
V 73/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 74/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 75/L: Bose (1972:97)
V 76/L: Bose (1972:97)
V Handel/ R
Seite 2
AGE
GAGU
EA
OWC
GAGU
FA21
EA-Nr.
951
Atlas-Nr.
951
Weitere Namen
Gban
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
IVORYCOAST
15000 Ivory Coast
Tauxier, L. 1924. Nègres gouro et gagou. Paris.
Area Handbook of Ivory Coast 1973. Washington.
Holas, B. 1975. Le Gagou. Son portrait culturel. Paris.
L: 7N, 6W. T: 1920. P: 13000 in 1950. B: V, 332.
"The Gagou (...) are probably the oldest native group in the Ivory Coast (...). The Gagou are divided into four tribes, each of which is
composed of kin groups called guiriba. Originally, one guiriba lived in a village, but by the time the French arrived, one village
could habe several guiriba" (Area Handbook 1973:66).
Varia
Religion: "...les aieux défunts gardent pour leur famille une importance primordiale en tout que fournisseurs de l'énergie vitale,
gardiens de la morale et, par là, garants de la cohésion sociale. A ce titre, ils font l'objet d'un culte actif (...) les ancêtres (...)
sont en particulier précieux comme intermédiaires entre les humains et leurs correspondents de l'au-delà, difficiles à atteindre
autrement" (Holas 1975:136).
40
44, 46, 48, 50, 62, Handel / Götzö 1992
V 40: Also a few cattle.
V 44/L: Tauxier (1924:126)
V 46/L: Tauxier (1924:127)
V 48/L: Holas (1975:68)
V 50/L: Tauxier (1924:127)
V 62/R Anmerkung: Codierung wurde von Literaturangaben über Gouro (Tauxier 1924:149) übernommen
V Handel/L: Tauxier (1924:127): "Les Gagou ne font pas de commerce en ce sens qu'ils ne sont pas colporteurts. (...) Ce dont ils
avaient besoin, qui était peu de chose, ils l'achetaient aux Dyoula qui osaient venir sur place...".
Seite 1
AGE
GALAB
EA
GALAB
OWC
FL7
EA-Nr.
850
Atlas-Nr.
850
Weitere Namen
Darthanaic, Geleba, Reshiat, Dasanech
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
ETHIOPIA
k.A.
Cerulli, E. 1956. Peoples of South-west Ethiopia and Its Borderland. London.
Höhnel, L. von. 1890. Ostäquatorial-Afrika. Petermanns Mitt., Ergänzungsh. 21: xcix, 1-40.
Nalder, L. F., ed. 1937. A Tribal Survey of Mongalla Province. London.
L: 5N, 36E. T: 1890. P: 2500 in 1890.
Die Galab werden durch den Datensatz der Konso repräsentiert in Aethiopien. (Vergleiche Anmerkungen im Konso-File)
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
k.A.
Seite 1
AGE
GALELA
EA
GALELA
OWC
EA-Nr.
Atlas-Nr.
1442
Weitere Namen
Galelarese
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
INDONESIA
40000 Galela/Indonesia, North Halmahera
Ishige, Naomichi. 1980. The Galela of Halmahera. A Preliminary Survey. Senri Ethnological Studies No.7. Osaka:National
Museum of Ethnology.
Ishige, Naomichi. 1980. Limau Village and Its Setting. In The Galela of Halmahera. Naomichi Ishige, eds. Osaka: National Museum
of Ethnology.
Sasaki, Komei. 1980. Agriculture. In The Galela of Halmahera. Naomichi Ishige, eds. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.
Ogo, Osamu. 1980. Fishing. In The Galela of Halmahera. Naomichi Ishige, eds. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.
Matsuzawa, Kazuko. 1980. Social Organizationand Rites of Passage. In The Galela of Halmahera. Naomichi Ishige, eds. Osaka:
National Museum of Ethnology.
With special reference to the Galela of the village Limau.
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
Neukodierung / v. Ditfurth 1991
V 1/R
V 2/R
V 3/R
V 4/R
V 5/R
V 6/R: Matsuzawa 1980:357 "Galea pride wealth consist of three items; money,one bolt of cloth and one or one dozen of ceramic
plates(s)."
V 7/L: Matsuzawa 1980:357ff. Ein gewisser Austausch von Geschenken der Familie des Bräutigams an die Braut findet beim
drei-tägigen Heiratsfest statt.
V 8/L: Matsuzawa 1980:350 "The village households are composed of a married couple, as a core, with or without their young
children and co-residents. … About 50 percent of the household contain temporary or semi-permanent co-residents who are
mostly kinsmen, but also can be non-kinsmen.
V 9/R
V 10/L: Matsuzawa 1980:349 "Generally, the man builds a separate dwelling and establishes his own household as an independent
unit at the time of marriage. However, not uncommonly a newly married couple lives in the household of the husband's or
wife's parents until they decide where to settle."
V 11/L: Matsuzawa 1980:349 Vgl. V 10.
V 13/R
V 14/R
V 15/R
V 16/R
V 17/L Matsuzawa 1980:366 "At present, the Galela kinship system seems to be bilateral. There is no functional unilineal or
cognatic descent group."
V 18/L: Vgl. V 17.
V 19/L: Vgl. V 17.
V 20/L: Vgl. V 17.
V 21/L: Matsuzawa 1980:366
V 28/L: Sasaki 1980:161 "These crops are widely cultivated at the center of the swiddens.
V 29/L: Sasaki 1980:161 "The four main staple food crops, banana, manioc, sweet potato and upland rice are of the greatest
importance …"
V 30/R
V 31/L: Ishige 1980:6 The settlements number a population between 262 and 1200.
V 32/L: Ishige 1980:7 "Traditional Galela society was divided into more than ten groups (soa) each of which is considered to have
been an autonomous socio-political group. … . … but no paramount chief stood above the soa chiefs. Only the Sultan of Ternate
could give them orders. … The soa system collapsed with the introduction of effective Dutch colonial administration, at the
beginning ot the twentieth century."
Seite 1
GALELA - INDONESIA
V 33/L: Vgl. V 32.
V 39/R
V 40/R
V 43/L: Matsuzawa 1980:366 Vgl. V17.
V 44/R
V 48/R
V 50/R
V 58/L: Ogu 1980:203ff.
V 60/L: Vgl. V 58.
V 62/L: Vgl. V 58.
V 65/R
V 68/R
V 69/R
V 71/L: Matsuzawa 1980: 346 " The village is administered by the village headman … who is elected at the village meeting and
fomally appointed by the Sub-district Administrative Chief …."
V 72/L: Matsuzawa 1980:346ff.
V 73/L: Matsuzawa 1980: 353 "Formally, the principle of inheritance is based on the agnatic line, but in practice it is based on
residence. An elderly father may divide his coconut palm among his sons and/or daughters who are living in [the same village]
… But the sons often receive more. Usually, items belonging to the father are inherited by the sons and those of the mother may
be shared by the daughters."
V 74/L: Vgl. V 73.
V 75/L: Vgl. V 73.
V 76/L: Vgl. V 73.
V Handel/R
Seite 2
AGE
GANDA
EA
GANDA
OWC
FK7
EA-Nr.
306
Atlas-Nr.
306
Weitere Namen
Baganda
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
UGANDA
1'048'642 Ganda in Uganda
Fallers, M. C. 1960. The Eastern Lacustrine Bantu. London.
Roscoe, J. 1911. The Baganda. London.
Mair, L. P. 1934. An African People in the Twentieth Centrury. London.
Southwold, M. 1965. The Ganda of Uganda. Peoples of Africa, ed. J. L. Gibbs, pp. 81-118. New York.
Hecklau, Hans. 1989. Ostafrika: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda. Darmstadt.
L: 1N, 32E. T: 1880. P: 800000 in 1948. B: I, 538.
Die Bevölkerungsgrösse der Ganda entspricht den Angaben des staatlichen Zensus von 1959 (Hecklau 1989:568). Fallers
(1960:13): "Buganda was perhaps the largest and most powerful of these kingdom-states at the time of the arrival of Europeans,
extending from its centre at the ruler's court on the northern shores of Lake Victoria to the east to extract tribute from southern
Busoga, across the lake to control at least partially the Sesse Islanders, to the north to the borders of powerful Bunyoro, and to
the south through Buddu."
Varia
Fallers (1960:64): "During the nineteenth century, ... Buganda expanded at the expense of her neighbours. She was able to do this
becaus of the great authority of the Kabaka, who could command large forces and make decisions affecting enormous areas...
with Mutesa's death in 1884 and the several attempts to establish a Kabaka firmly on the throne, combinded with the political
division of the country around the religious factions of the three mission groups (Anglican, Roman Catholic and Muslim), the
central strenght waned. This meant that when the Company officers arrived and attempted to establish themselves, they found,
not the order of Mutesa's day as described by the early travellers, but a troubled and factious polity. ... by the terms of the 1900
Agreement the folowing important changes were made ... 1. The boundaries of Buganda were fixed and it was forbidden for
Ganda to raid or extract tribute outside these borders. This was agreed the more easily because the area of Buganda was taken
to include areas taken in recent years, sometimes with the help of British-led troops, at the expense of Bunyoro. It also included
the former state of Koki, the Sesse Islands, and some areas formerly included in the state of Ankole ..."
40, 46
Handel
V 40: But goats are far more numerous than cattle.
V 46: But men made barkcloth.
V Handel/L: Fallers (1960:49): "Regular markets, in which craft goods and surplus produce were sold, were a feature of the
traditional economies of Buganda and Busoga, fees being collected by market-masters on behalf of the rulers and chiefs. Most
transactions no doubt invloved barter, but cowrie shells, iron hoes and bark cloths were to some degree used as currency."
Seite 1
AGE
GARO
EA
OWC
GARO
AR5
EA-Nr.
47
Atlas-Nr.
47
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
INDIA
300000 Garo/India, Assam
5000 Garo/India, Nagaland
10000 Garo/India, Tripura
Playfair, A. 1909. The Garos. London.
Burling, R. Personal communication.
____ 1963. Garo Kinship Terms and the Analysis of Meaning. Ethnology: 2: 70-85.
____ 1963. Personal Communication.
____ 1963. Rengsanggri: Family and Kinship in a Garo Village. Philadelphia.
Maloney, C. 1974. Peoples of South Asia. New York.
L: 26N, 91E. T: 1900. P: 160000 in 1901. B: I,128; II,404; IV,452.
Varia
k.A.
11, 12, 13, 14, 11,12, 33, 46, 72,75
Handel/Seiler Schiedt
V 11,12,13,14: In each family one daughter marries her FaSiSo, residence being both matrilocal and avunculocal; other daughters
live in matrilocal, neolocal, or even virilocal residence.
V 11, 12: See Ethnology 1:128.
V 33: But integrated today into the political system of India.
V 46: But rare today.
V 72,75: The successor and heir is a classificatory SiSo who is DaHu.
V Handel/L Maloney (1974:432)
Seite 1
AGE
GAWIGL
EA
KAKOLI
OWC
OJ1
EA-Nr.
632
Atlas-Nr.
632
Weitere Namen
EA Name: KAKOLI
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
30000 Gawigl/PapuaNewGuinea
Bowers, N. 1964. Personal communication to A. Lomax.
Wurm, S.A. and S. Hattori.1981. Language Atlas of the Pacific Area. Australian Academy of the Humanities. Canberra
L: 6S, 144E. T: 1950. B: III,423.
vgl. Melpa
Wurm 1981:
V Ling: Kaugel, Gawigl d, Hagen SFL I (d's), Central Family
P: d 31707, d's 99989 in 1970-1980
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
k.A.
V 74, 75, 76, Handel: missing data
Seite 1
AGE
GBANDE
EA
GBANDE
OWC
FD4
EA-Nr.
954
Atlas-Nr.
954
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
LIBERIA
27000 Gbande in Liberia
60000 Gbandi in Guinea
Germann, P. 1933. Die Völkerstämme im Norden von Liberia. Leipzig.
Schwab, G. 1947. Tribes of the Liberian Hinterland. Pap. Peabody Mus. Amer. Arch. Ethnol., Harvard Univ. 31: 1-526.
Westermann, D. 1921. Die Kpelle. Göttingen.
L: 8N, 10W. T: 1930. P: 25000 in 1930. B: V, 332.
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
56,62,VHandel / Züst 1992
V56/R
V62/R
VHandel/L: Westermann (1921:36-37)
Seite 1
AGE
GBARI
EA
OWC
GBARI
FF23
EA-Nr.
928
Atlas-Nr.
928
Weitere Namen
Gwali
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
NIGERIA
k.A.
Gunn, H. D., and F. P. Conant. 1960. Peoples of the Middle Niger Region. London.
Gunn, Harold D. 1953. Peoples of the Plateau Area of Northern Nigeria. Ethnographic Survey of Africa. London.
L: 10N, 7E. T: 1910. P: 200000 in 1960. B: V, 330.
Varia
k.A.
8,9, 17,18, 40, 73,75
60,65,67,73,74,76,76, Handel/Kenny 1991
V 8,9: Entry follows an earlier report by Temple; Gunn and Conant report 8, 5.
V 17,18: But Gunn and Conant suspect ambilineal descent.
V 40: There are also a fair number of cattle, but they are owned, herded amd milked exclusively by Fulani.
V 73,75: Patrilineal but with local variations regarding the participation of brothers and sons.
V60: Subsistenzbereich unbedeutend
V65/R
V67/R: Gunn (1953:94-99)
V73/L: Gunn (1953:100/101)
V74/R
V75/R
V76/R
V Handel/L: Gunn (1953:89-93)
Seite 1
AGE
GELAO
EA
OWC
EA-Nr.
Atlas-Nr.
Weitere Namen
Ch'ilao, I-lao,Kei-lao, Ke-lao, Kha Lao, Khi Lao, Thi, Thü, Xan lao, Gelo
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
CHINA
20000 Gelao/China, Guizhou
5000 Gelao/China, Gaungxi
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
k.A.
Seite 1
AGE
GEORGIANS
EA
GEORGIANS
OWC
RI7
EA-Nr.
910
Atlas-Nr.
910
Weitere Namen
Grusians, Kartveli
Stellvertreter für
Adzhar
Georgia
60000 Georgians / Turkey
10000 Georgians / Iran
2423000 Georgians / Georgia
178000 Adzhar / Georgia
Dradgadze, T. 1988. Rural families in Soviet Georgia. London (ESZ)
Andrews, Peter Alford 1989. Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. Wiesbaden (ESZ)
Abasadse, N. L. von. 1894. Die Familie bei den Grusinern Arch. Anth. 22: 435-442.
Allen, W. E. D. 1932. A History of the Georgian People. London.
Haxthausen, A. von 1854. Transcaucasia. Transl. London.
Akiner, Shirin. 1983. Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union. London.
Glavnoe upravlenie geodezii i kartografii gosudarstvennogo geologicheskogo komiteta SSSR, Institut ethografii im. N.N.
Miklukho-Maklaja Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1964. Atlas Narodow Mira (Atlas der Völker der Welt). Moskva.
Grimes, B. 1988. Ethnologue. Dallas.
Lang, David Marshall. 1966. The Georgians. London
Katz, Zev (ed). 1975. Handbook of Major Soviet Nationalities. London
L: 42N, 45E. T: 1850. P: 1600000 in 1926.
Adzhar (Adscharen oder Adjar) sind muslimische Georgier.
Varia
Georgians: Orthodoxe Christen (Grimes 1988.393)
Adzhar: Sunni Muslims (Hanafi school) (Akiner 1983:245)
k.A.
15, 17, 21, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 68, 71, 72, 73, Handel / Seiler Schiedt 1993
V 15/R Katz (1975:161ff)
V 17/R Katz (1975:161ff)
V 21/R Katz (1975:161ff)
V 43/R Katz (1975:161ff)
V 56/R: unbedeutender Subsistenzbereich
V 62/L Katz (1975:183)
V 64/L Katz (1975:183)
V 68/L Katz (1975:161ff)
V 71/L Katz (1975:163ff)
V 72/L Katz (1975:163ff)
V 73/R Katz (1975:183)
V Handel/R Katz (1975:161ff)
Seite 1
AGE
GIBE
EA
GIBE
OWC
MP14
EA-Nr.
842
Atlas-Nr.
842
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
ETHIOPIA
k.A.
Huntingford, G.W.B. 1955. The Galla of Ethiopia. London.
Cecchi, A. 1885-87. Da Zeila alle frontiere del Caffa. 3v. Roma.
Cerulli, E. 1932-33. Etiopia occidentale. 2v. Roma.
Onnekin, D. A. 1956. Die Königskultur Kaffas und der verwandten Königsreiche. Frankfurt am Main.
L: 8N, 37E. T: 1880. B: V,224.
Die Gibe werden durch den Datensatz der Jimma-Oromo repräsentiert (Gibe-Staaten).
(Siehe Jimma-File)
Varia
k.A.
64
k.A.
V 64: Frormerly mainly by slaves.
Seite 1
AGE
GILAKI
EA
OWC
GILAKI
MA7
EA-Nr.
Atlas-Nr.
1305
Weitere Namen
OWC : MA 7: Caspian Iranians, vgl. Mazanderani und Tâles
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
IRAN
1200000 Gilaki/Iran
Bromberger, Christian 1989. Habitat, Architecture and Rural Society in the Gilân Plain (Northern Iran). Bonn. (ETH: P 812282:80)
Ehlers, Eckart 1980. Iran. Grundzüge einer geographischen Landeskunde. Darmstadt (ETH: P 814 216:18)
Bazin, Marcel & Christian Bromberger 1982. Gilân et Azarbâjân Oriental. Cartes et Documents Ethnographiques. Paris.
(Neuchâtel Asp 314)
Pour-Fickoui, Ali & Marcel Bazin 1978. Elevage et Vie Pastorale dans le Guilan (Iran Septentrional). Paris. (ETH Per. 815 705:7).
mit spezieller Referenz zu den Tiefland-Gilalki
Bromberger (1989:9): "The inhabitants of this plain (gemeint ist die Sefid Rud Ebene - d.V.) and its eastern extension are the only
people in the entire province to call themselves Gil, Gilaki or Gil- e mard ("men of Gilân"). ..
... the use of a special language, gilaki,... and the practice of crop growing in the lowlands (as opposed to pastoral activities in the
mountainous regions)."
Viehhüteverträge mit den Tâles und Gâles, Handel mit diesen. Azeri Türken kommen saisonal zu Landwirtschaftsarbeiten und als
Fischer in das Gebiet der Gilaki.
Religion: Schiiten
Varia
In der Provinz Gilan am kaspischen Meer leben verschiedene spezifische ethnoprofessionelle Gruppen, zwischen denen
wiederum bestimmte interethnische Beziehungen bestehen.; für die 5 im Atlas narodow mira genannten Dialektgruppen
wurden 3 Datensätze erstellt; je einer für den Typ Reisbauern im Tiefland (Gilaki und Mazanderani) und einer für den Typ
Viehzüchter in den Bergen (Tales, Gales, Tati). Unberücksichtigt bleiben dabei eine armenische Enklave, die auf
Schweinezucht spezialisiert ist und zwangsumgesiedelte Kurdendörfer, die auf Büffelzucht spezialisiert sind. Das Gebiet ist
erst seit ca. 100 Jahren dicht besiedelt (107 Ew/qkm / 1976), nachdem die Wälder durch agrarkolonisatorische Brandrodung
für Reis und Dauerkulturen zugänglich, die Malaria und andere Krankheiten ausgerottet worden waren. Bromberger (1989:12)
bringt eine Beschreibung von 1850: "The Gilân is nothing but an inhabited forest."
k.A.
Neukodierung / Kock 1991
V 1/R
V 2/R: Bromberger (1989:16): Jagd auf Wasservögel
V 3/R: Ehlers (1980325): v.a. Stör und Kaviar; Fischerzentrum: Pahlevi. Es sind aber vor allem Azeri, die den Fischfang
professionell kontrollieren.
V 4/R: Pour-Fickoui (1978:6): Viehzucht spielt bei den Gilâki eine sehr untergeordnete Rolle. Grossvieh wird für die
landwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten gebraucht.
V 5/R: Reis ist das wichtigste Subsistenzgut.
V 6/R
V 7/R
V 8/L: Bromberger (1989:33): der jüngste Sohn bleibt auch nach der Heirat bei den Eltern wohnen.
V 9 md
V 10/R
V 11/L: Bromberger (1989:33)
V 12/L: Bromberger (1989:33). Code virilokal gegeben, auch wenn das Haus für den Sohn auf dem Land des Vaters gebaut wird.
vgl. V 17
V 13/L: Bromberger (1989:33); Ausnahme: uxorilokal, wenn Schwiegereltern keinen Sohn haben.
V 15/R: Bromberger (1989:32): "The majority of the daughters ... marry outside the family and the locality." vgl. V17
V 16/R
V 17/R: Die wichtigste Zugehörigkeit sind die Quartiernachbarschaft, dann das Dorf, die Region und nicht tribalen oder
verwandtschaftlichen Gruppen. Das Quartier (=mahall) entspricht der Bewässerungseinheit.
V 18/R
V 19/R
V 20/R
Seite 1
GILAKI - IRAN
V 21/R
V 28/L: Ehlers (1989:322)
V 29/L: Ehlers (1989:322): Reis, Zitrusfrüchte, Tee, Seidenraupen u.a.m.
V 30/L: Ehlers (1989:325): Streusiedlungen. Schutz vor Nomadenüberfällen war/ist nicht nötig. Die Häuser sind offen gebaut im
Gegensatz zur geschlossenen Architektur der Wohneinheiten im übrigen Iran.
V 31/R
V 32/R
V 33/L:.integriert in das persische Reich. Traditionell wäre Code 3 (Fürstentümer Fowman und Lahijan) zu geben. Ehlers
(1989:322): "..., so gelang es erst den Safaviden unter Shah Abbas die kaspischen Küstenprovinzen voll in das persische Reich
zu integrieren....Aber auch in nachsafavidischer Zeit vermochten sich im unzugänglichen Waldland Gilâns und Mazandarans
bis in das frühe 20. Jahrhundert hinein mehr oder weniger unabhängigge Fürstentümer zu erhalten. ...ausgeprägter
Lokalpatriotismus vor allem der Gilaki und Taleshi...."
V 40/L: Bromberger (1989:18): weniger Rinder, Pferde
V 43/R: vermutlich nur patrilineare Tendenzen, Verwandtschaftsregelungen bleiben bei Bromberger 1989 relativ unklar
V 46/L: Bromberger (1989:71): Seidenweberei der Frauen
V 48 md
V 62/R-L: Bromberger (1989:37)
V 64/R-L: Bromberger (1989:21), eventuell auch 3, da die Männer eventuell mehr im Reisanbau arbeiten und die Frauen mehr in
der Seidenraupenzucht. Andererseits wird von Bromberger gerade hervorgehoben, dass die sexuelle Arbeitsteilung, wie sie
sonst im Iran üblich ist, in Gilân nicht gilt.
V 65/L: Bromberger (1989:18). im Vergleich zum anderen Iran relativ viel Kleinbauernbesitz bereits vor der Landreform 1962.
V 67/R
V 69/R
V 71/L: Bromberger (1989:37): der "local master irrigator" (=Lokal Headma - C.K.) wird gewählt.
V 72/L
V 73/L: Bromberger (1989:20,33): islamische Erbteilung
V 74/R
V 75/R
V 76/R
V Handel/R: Bromberger 1989: im 19. Jahrhundert blühte der kaspische Seidenhandel mit Genua. 60% des Reises werden
exportiert.
Seite 2
AGE
GIRIAMA
EA
OWC
GIRIAMA
FL14
EA-Nr.
774
Atlas-Nr.
774
Weitere Namen
Kiriama, Wagiryama
Stellvertreter für
Kamba (4000), Ribe (1800), Kauma (8000)
Sanye (1700) "The Sanye, however, have a relationship with the Mijikenda peoples, the Giriama group especially, which goes
more deeply than mere resemblance in cultural trappings."
(Fedders/Salvadori 1979: 9) Die Sanye sind Elefantenjäger.
KENYA
168'600 Giriama/ Kenya
26'000 Jibana/ Kenya
28'000 Chony/ Kenya
Barrett, W. E. H. 1911. Notes on the Customs and Beliefs of the Wa-Giriama. Journ. Roy. Anth. Inst. 41: 20-28.
Johnstone, H. B. 1902. Notes on teh Customs of the Tribes occupying Mombasa Sub-District. Journ. Roy. Anth. Inst. 32: 263-272.
Prins, A. H. J. 1952. The Coastal Tribes of the North-Eastern Bantu. London.
Champion, M. A., 1967. The Agiryama of Kenya. London. Occasional Paper No. 25.
Fedders, A., Salvadori, C. 1979. Peoples and cultures of Kenya. Nairobi.
L: 3S, 40E. T: 1900. P: 120000 in 1948. B: V, 127.
Die Giriama gehören zur Gruppe der Mijikenda (= 9 Städte), neun ethn. Gruppen der Küstenregion Kenyas: Giriama, Kauma,
Chony, Jibana, Kambe, Ribe, Rabai, Digo und Duruma. Der Name Mijikenda entstand erst in diesem Jahrundert. Alle diese
Gruppen haben eine grosse kulturelle Aehnlichkeit und gemeinsame Herkunftsmythen, waren jedoch nie politisch verbunden:
"Physical separation, and isolation, may explain in part the distinctions among the common cultural elements which the groups
shared and their lack of permanent corporate institutions." (Fedders/Salvadori 1979: 139). Linguistisch wird zwischen den
Nord- und Südmijikenda unterschieden. Zu den Nord-Mijikenda gehören die Giriama, Kauma, Chony, Jibana, Ribe und Kamba
Der Datensatz der Giryama wird auch für die Jibana und für die Chony verwendet, weil sie neben kulturellen Aehnlichkeiten auch
linguistisch den Giriama am nächsten stehen. "(...)Their similarities (and the awareness of them) are still sufficiently large to
justify their grouping together".
Varia
82% traditionelle Religion, 14% Christen, 4% Muslime
k.A.
31,46,48,56,6o,67, Schrift, Sprache, Handel/ Sulser 1992
V31/L: Champion (1967: 9): "A Giryama village may consist of any number of huts from 1 to 3o.
V46/R: Prins (1952: 58)
V48/R: Prins (1952: 59) Crafts
V56/R: Vergl. V1 o-5% unbedeutend
V6o/R: Vergl. Digo
V67/L: Champion (1967: 45)
Schrift/L: Grimes (1988: 244)
Sprache/L: Grimes (1988: 244): Zentralbantu, Giryama
Handel/L: Prins (1952: 57)
Seite 1
AGE
GISIGA
EA
GISIGA
OWC
FH15
EA-Nr.
1032
Atlas-Nr.
1032
Weitere Namen
Guissiga
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
CAMEROON
45000 Gisiga / Cameroon
Fourneau, J. 1938. Une tribu païenne du Nord-Cameroun: Les Guissiga. Journ. Soc. Africanistes 8: 163-195.
Lembezat, B. 1961. Les populations païennes du Nord-Cameroun et de l'Adamauoa. Paris.
Pontié,G. 1973. Les Guiziga du Cameroun Septentional. Paris.
L: 10N, 14E. T: 1930. P: 44000 in 1960.
Varia
k.A.
40
31,48,56,58,60,65,67,69,73,74,76, Handel / Güntert;Züst 1992
V 40: But cattle were formerly kept.
V31/R
V48/R
V56/L: Lembezat (1961:117)
V58/L: Lembezat (1961:117)
V60/L: Lembezat (1961:117)
V65/L: Pontié (1973:160)
V67/L: Pontié (1973:83)
V69/L: Pontié (1973)
V73/L: Pontié (1973:155)
V74/L: Korrektur der Murdock-Kodierung: Pontié (1973:155)
V76/L: Korrektur der Murdock-Kodierung: Pontié (1973:155)
VHandel/R
Seite 1
AGE
GISU
EA
GISU
OWC
FL4
EA-Nr.
352
Atlas-Nr.
352
Weitere Namen
Bagesu, Gishu
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
UGANDA
329'257 Gisu in Uganda
La Fontaine, J. S. 1959. The Gisu of Uganda. London.
Roscoe, J. 1924. The Bagesu and Other Tribes of the Uganda Protectorate. Cambridge.
U.S. Department of the Army. 1969. Area Handbook for Uganda. Washington, D.C.
Hecklau, Hans. 1989. Ostafrika: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda. Darmstadt.
L: 1N, 34E. T: 1900. P: 250000 in 1948. B: II, 124.
Die Bevölkerungsgrösse der Gisu entspricht den Angaben des staatlichen Zensus von 1959 (Hecklau 1989:568).
La Fontaine (1959:9) "The Gisu are a Bantu-speaking people who live on the western slopes of Mount Elgon, an extinct volcano
which lies across the Kenya-Uganda border, some 50 miles north of Lake Victoria."
La Fontaine (1959:9): "The tribe is divided into three dialect groups, which correspond roughly to the three large administrative
divisions of the tribal territory. Of these, the central and southern groups are more closely allied, culturally and linguistically,
than is the northern section to either. In turn, the southern division is virtually indistinguishable in some respects from its
neighbours, the Vugusu or Kitosh of Kenya. The boundaries of Gisu territory today are: to the east, the Kenya border; to the
west, the District border, between Bugisu and Bukedi districts, a line running north and south parallel to the Soroti branche of
the main Kenya-Uganda railway; to the north and south, the dry plains inhabited by the Karamojong and Teso respectively."
Geschichte:
La Fontaine (1959:12): "In 1900 a party of Baganda, led by Semei Kakunguru, was sent by the British to pacify the Eastern Province
of Uganda and reached Gisu territory. Kakunguru set up his headquartes at Nabumali and later moved to Mbala, where a
Government station was established in 1904. It was not until a year later that Gisu country came under effective Government
control and sporadic outbreaks of fighting against the Baganda, who administered the territory, continued until 1910. In 1913 the
first Gisu chiefs were appointed to replace the Ganda, who acted as junior administrative agents; the senior posts were still
filled by Ganda until 1934, when the last Ganda agent retired. In 1923 Bugisu was declared a separate District and in 1924 the
District headquaters were moved to Bubulo to facilitate closer administration. The headquaters were subsequently moved back
to Mbala, and in 1941 Bugisu was joined to Bukedi District, but it retained its own District Native Court and Native
Administration Treasury. Later, with the addition of Pallissa and Bugwere, the District became Mbala District and was
administered as such until 1954, when Mbala District was divided into two Districts, Bukedi and Bugisu. Bugisu District
contains the Sebei as well as the Gisu."
Varia
k.A.
73,74
33,60,73,75,76, Handel/Nager 1992
V 73,74: In the north; 6,1 in the south.
V33: Anmerkung. La Fontaine (1959:31): "The units which were of political significance were the village and village-cluster. Larger
combinations were generally alliances for a short period and do not seem to have been based on the district as a politically
unified group. The head of a village was the head of the minor lineage on which it was based and this office was the only
institutionalized political role in the Gisu system. It is variously stated that the head of the senior village of a village-cluster was
head of the whole cluster and that one of the heads of villages was chosen to be head of the village-cluster. It seems that the
head of a village-cluster, where there was one, was the man who could maintain the unity of the village-cluster and for this
purpose headship of a powerful or senior village was an essential prerequisite."
V60/L: Roscoe (1924:22)
V73/L: La Fontaine (1979:18)
V75/L: Korrektur des Murdock-Codes, neu Code 7. La Fontaine (1979:35)
V76/L: La Fontaine (1979:35)
Seite 1
GISU - UGANDA
V Handel/L: La Fontaine (1959:29): "Traditionally, the Gisu did not hold markets, although specialist craftsmen existed. These men
sold their products to customers who came to their homesteads and either bought from the stock available there, or ordered
what they wanted."
Seite 2
AGE
GOGO
EA
GOGO
OWC
FN7
EA-Nr.
766
Atlas-Nr.
766
Weitere Namen
Wagogo
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
TANZANIA
318'554 Gogo/Tanzania
Claus, H. 1911. Die Wagogo. Baessler-Arch., Beihefte 2: 1-72.
Paulssen, F. 1922. Rechtsanschaungen der Wagogo. Baessler Arch. 6: 161-175.
Schaegelen, R. T. 1938. Le tribu des Wagogo. Anthropos 33: 195-217, 515-657.
Rigby, P. 1966. Dual Symbolic Classification Among the Gogo. Africa 36: 1-17.
Kaplan, Irving et. al. 1978. Tanzania, a country study. Area Handbook Series. Washington.
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development Planing. 1971. 1967 Population Census, Volume 3. Dar es Salaam.
Rigby, P. 1968. Cattle and Kinship among the Gogo. New York.
L: 7S, 36E. T: 1910. P: Over 100000 in 1910. B: V, 127.
Die Bevölkerungsgrösse der Gogo basiert auf den Angaben des staatlichen Zensus von 1967 und wurde anhand des
durchschnittlichen jährlichen Bevölkerungszuwachses (1957-1967; 1,8%) auf 1960 rückberechnet.Die Lokalisierung im Atlas
wurde anhand der Karte von Kaplan (1978:154/155) vorgenommen.
Varia
k.A.
8
56, Handel
V 8: Extended families are inferred from the large tembe dwellings.
V56/R: Subsistenzbereich unbedeutend
V Handel/R
Seite 1
AGE
GOLA
EA
GOLA
OWC
FD5
EA-Nr.
955
Atlas-Nr.
955
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
LIBERIA
4900 Gola in Sierra Leone
43000 Gola in Liberia
d'Azevedo, W.L. 1962. Common Principles of Variant Kinship Structure Among the Gola of Western Liberia. Amer. Anth. 64:
504-520.
Westermann, D. 1921. Die Kpelle. Göttingen.
Jones, A. 1983. From Slaves to Palm Kernels. A History of the Galinhas Country. Wiesbaden.
Baumann, H. 1979. Die Völker Afrikas und ihre traditionellen Kulturen. Wiesbaden.
Eberl-Elber, R. 1936. Westafrkias letztes Rätsel. Erlebnisbericht über die Forschungsreise 1935 durch Sierra Leone. Salzburg.
L: 7N, 11W. T: 1950. P: 8500 in 1948.
Die Gola und die Kpelle sind nach Westermann und anderen Autoren kulturell miteinander verwandt: " Der Kulturbesitz der beiden
eng benachbarten Stämme ist in wesentlichen Stücken übereinstimmend , obgleich in Sprache und Abstammung weit
voneinader getrennt" (Westermann 1921: Einleitung).
Varia
k.A.
17,18,21
2,3,31,44,46,48,50,56,58,60,64,73,74, Handel / Züst 1992
V 17,18,21: Since children are affiliated with the mother's group in cases of uxorilocal residence, descent groups are in a measure
ambilineal.
V2/V3/L: Anmerkung zu Murdock-Kodierung: Für die Gola in Sierra Leone sind Jagen und Fischen sehr wichtige
Substistenzbereiche: " Die Lebensweise der Gola (in Sierra Leone) hat sich ihrer Umgebung angepasst. Im Urwald finden sich
keine Möglichkeit, ausgedehnte Felder anzulegen, sie müssen damit zufrieden sein, am Rand der Sümpfe etwas Reis zu
bauen und dicht bei ihren Dörfern eine wenig Kassava und Bataten anzupflanzen. Alles übrige an Nahrung geben ihnen Jagd
und Fischfang. Die Gola sind ungemeine tüchtige Jäger und Fischer. Treibjagden auf Fisch werden von den Gola in ganz
grossem Sitl veranstaltet. Eine nahezu ebenso gründliche Art wenden in Bächen und kleineren Flüssen die Frauen der Gola an
" (Eberl-Elber 1936:77).
V31/L: Jones (1983:169)
V44/R: Vgl. Kpelle-Daten
V46/L: Jones (1983:174)
V48/R: Baumann (1979:441)
V50/L: Eberl-Elber (1936:89-90)
V56/R
V58/R
V60/L: Eberl-Elber (1936:77)
V64/L: Jones (1983:190)
VHandel/L: Westermann (1921:21)
Seite 1
AGE
GOLDI
EA
GOLDI
OWC
RX3
EA-Nr.
1108
Atlas-Nr.
1108
Weitere Namen
Gold
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
CHINA
k.A.
Lattimore, O. 1933. The Gold Tribe. Mem. Amer. Anth. Assoc. 40: 1-77.
L: 47, 132E. T: 1920. P: 100 in 1930. B: VI, 105
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
k.A.
Seite 1
AGE
GOND
EA
GOND
OWC
AW-32
EA-Nr.
keine
Atlas-Nr.
1429
Weitere Namen
Koitur (Selbstbezeichnung in Gondi)
Raj Gond (in Maharashtra und Andhra Pradesh)
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
INDIA
128000 Gond/India, Andhra Pradesh
2456000 Gond/India, Madhya Pradesh
269000 Gond/India, Maharashtra
392000 Gond/India, Orissa
Fürer-Haimendorf, Ch. 1979. The Gonds of Andhara Pradesh. London. ZB: TA 536 12.
Juliusson, P. 1974. The Gonds and their Religion. Stockholm. ZB:TB 404 11
Raza, M. and A. Ahmad. 1990. An Atlas of Tribal India. New Delhi. ESZ: 102 A 2
"... the Gonds are neither racially, nor culturally, nor linguistically a homogenous population. So great are the differences in custom
and material circumstances between many of the widely scattered tribal groups that one may well wonderwhat causes them to
be considered, and indeed to consider themselves, as members of the same race. Wherever we find Gonds, unless they are
totally detribalized and mergedwith Hindu populations, they describe themselves as Gonds or, if speaking Gondi, as Koitur, the
universal equivalent of that name in all Gondi dialects. Were it not for these large groups of eastern Gonds, who speak
Chhattisgarhi Hindi, the Gonds in the north-west of what is now Madhya Pradesh, who speak western Hindi and the far smaller
groups of Telugu-speaking Gonds, better known as Koyas, in Hyderabad and what is now Tamil Nadu, it would probably be
most satisfactory to replace, at least in ethnological usage, the general name Gond by the term "Gondi-speaking populations",
thus leaving it open whether there exists such an entity as a Gond people or only a group of peoples who today speak related
languages. ... I believe that we shall failin our approach to the Gond problem ... unless we envisage the possibility that the tribes
now known as Gonds, far from being the dispersed offshoots of a once homogeneous people, attained a certain and very limited
measure of cultural uniformity only when they came under the sway of the same dominant lingiustic influence."
(Fürer-Haimendorf 1979:1f.)
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
Neukodierung / Hofmann 1991
V 1/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:395ff.)
V 7/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:309): "For more common than this adjustment of bride prices by the exchange of girls, is a typ of
marriage commonly known as "marriage by capture…" Marriage by capture is the recognized alternative to marriage by
bethrothal and khaja, and a family capable of giving a marriage feast, but unable or unwilling to pay the bride price immediately,
will attempt to obtain a bride by capture."
V 8/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:49)
V 17/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:79): " The invariable and permanent elements of this structure are four exogamous patrilineal
descent groups known in Gondi as saga. Using a term current in anthropological writings on American Indians and Australian
aboriginals I described these groups as phratries."
V 18/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:79) Vgl. V17.
V 19/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:79)Vgl. V17.
Seite 1
GOND - INDIA
V 28/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:395): "Today the Gonds are plough-cultivators whose farming methods are not fundamentally
different from those of the Hindu peasants of the region. There are many indications, however, that their ancestors were
slash-and-burn cultivators who confined themselves to growing monsoon crops…"
V 30/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:37): "The forest has been thinned out, the areas under cultivation increased, and in villages such
as Jamuldhara, once a hamlet of a few grass-thatched bamboo huts, solidly build hoses of hewn stone indicate the Gonds'
tendency to give up the mobility of earlier times."
V 31/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:37): "Thirty years ago the villages were mainly small settlements of ten to twenty houses… The
settlements have greatly increased in size… Thus Netmur… is now a compact village of forty-four Gond and Pardhan houses
standing close together in streets. … separat from the main village are eight outlying hammlets with a total Gond population of
fifty-six households."
V 33/R Kommentar: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979) Integriert in den indischen Nationalstaat.
V 39/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:63) Vgl. V 28.
V 62/R: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979)
V 67/L: Juliusson (1974:102): "Personally, I think it is unhappy to call the Gonds or other aboriginal tribes "caste". The English word
"caste" should be reserved for the original four or three but perpetually increasing number of Hindu subsectons while the word
"tribe" should be used for Non-Aryan ethnic groups with a religon quite different from "Satan Dharm"."
V 69/R
V 71/L: Fürer-Haimendorf (1979:67): "The death of a successful and influential headman usually left a gap in village life, and if there
was no son or younger brother of sufficient stature to take on the deceased's responsibilities, the very existence of the village
was sometimes in the balance."
V Handel/R Seiler Schiedt
Seite 2
AGE
GONJA
EA
OWC
EA-Nr.
Atlas-Nr.
1548
Weitere Namen
Gonya
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
GHANA
63000 Gonja / Ghana
Goody, E. 1970. Kinship Fostering in Ghana. In: Mayer, P. (ed.) Socialization: The Approach from Social Anthropology. New York.
Hintze, U. 1959. Bibliographie der Kwa-Sprachen und der Sprachen der Togo-Restvölker. Berlin.
Manoukian, M. 1952. Tribes of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast. London.
Murdock, G. P. 1952. Africa: Its Peoples and Their Cultural History. New York.
Wilks, I., N. Levtzion and B. M. Haight. 1986. Chronicles fron Gonja. Cambridge.
Gehören zur Guan-Sprachgruppe.
Manoukian (1952:6): "The people call themselves Ngbanya (sing. Kagbanya) and their country and dialect Ngbanyato. They have a
centralised political organisation, like those of the Dagomba and Mamprusi, and the Gonja 'state' or 'nation' includes a number
of subject tribes or parts of tribes, viz. the Vagala, Safolba, Nchoroba, Tampolense, Ndampo, Nwieba, Nchumbulung,
Mkparaba, Ntarapo,Mmara and Nnawura, many of whom differ from their Gonja rulers both culturally and linguistically. ... The
Gonja and their subject tribes occupy the whole of the Gonja District, the largest but also the most sparsely populated of the
Northern Territories Administrative Districts. Neighbours of the Gonja from west to east are the Wala, Isala, Dagomba and
Nanumba, while to the south are the Akan-spaking peoples, Brong and Ashanti."
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
Neukodierung / Seiler Schiedt
V1/R: Goody (1970:52)
V2/R: Goody (1970:52)
V3/R: Goody (1970:52)
V4/L:: Goody (1970:61)
V5/L: Hintze (1959:8): Männer arbeiten z. T. als Lohnarbeiter: "Für die Viehzucht ist das Land ... nicht geeignet, weil die
Tsetsefliege die Rinderhaltung unmöglich macht. Und so gehen die Männer von Gonja nach dem Süden in die Kakao- und
Minengebiete, um dort vorübergehend zu arbeiten. Die Abwesenheit der arbeitsfähigen Männer verschlechtert aber die
Bewirtschaftung des Bodens noch weiter" (Hintze 1959:8).
V6/L: Goody (1970:52): "The traditional marriage payment is twelve shillings and twelve kola nuts. This amount is distributed
among the kin of the girl as a 'witness' ... that the marriage has taken place. Nowadays, money gifts are sometimes made to
the girl's parents but traditionally parents would refuse to accept substantial gifts from a daughter's lover or husband because
they wanted their child to be a free woman in his house and not subject to abuse from co-wives."
V7/R: Goody (1970:52)
V8/L: Goody (1970:61)
V9/L: Goody (1970:61)
V10/L: Goody (1970:52)
V11/L: Goody (1970:52): Vgl. Anmerkung bei V6.
V12/L: Goody (1970:52)
V13/R: Goody (1970:52)
V14/L: Goody (1970:52)
V15/L: Goody (1970:56)
V16/R: Goody (1970:56)
V17/L: Goody (1970:52): Vgl. Anmerkung bei V43.
V18/L: Goody (1970:52)
V19/L: Goody (1970:52)
V20/L: Goody (1970:52)
V21/L: Goody (1970:52)
V28/L: Hintze (1958:8)
V29/L: Murdock (1952:254): Yams
V30/L: Goody (1970:61)
V31/L: Manoukian (1952):63
V32/L: Manoukian (1952):63
Seite 1
GONJA - GHANA
V33/L: Manoukian (1952:63): Vgl. Anmerkung zu V71
V39/L: Goody (1970:61)
V40/L: Goody (1970:61)
V43/L: Goody (1970:52): "Estate membership is through paternal filiation, though some offices go to sister's sons. Marriage
between all three groups is constsnt and assumed as normal; this is perhaps encouraged by the absence of unilineal descent
groups in all three estates.
V49/L: Goody 1970:61)
V50/L: Hintze (1959:8)
V56/R: Goody (1970:52)
V58/R: Goody (1970:52)
V60/R: Goody (1970:52)
V62/R: Goody (1970:60)
V64/L: Goody (1970:60)
V65/L: Wilks (1988:16)
V68/L: Goody (1970:52)
V69/L: Goody (1970:52)
V71/L: Manoukian (1952:63): "The present Gonja State apparently consists of seven sections or divisions, each administered by a
Head-Chief, assisted by a Council of Elders ... , and by a number of chiefs, each controlling a group of villages in the vicinity of
the town from which he derives his title. Each Elder also owns a small number of villages outside the capital town of the section
or division to which he belongs. ... Chiefs are chosen by the Head-Chief, who, today at any rate, takes the advice of the young
men in this matter. The Head-Chief himself is chosen from the holders of two or three particular chiefships ... by the Council of
Elders. On the death of a Head-Chief his eldest son is regent for fourteen days, after which a new Head-Chief is elected." Als
"Headman" ist hier ein "Elder" codiert. Auf "Head-Chief"-Ebene wäre Code 3 richtig.
V72/L: Manoukian (1952:63)
V73/L: Manoukian (1952:66)
V74/L: Manoukian (1952:66): Die Angaben beziehen sich auf auf Tallensi, deren Regelungen aber mit denen der Gonja vergleichbar
sind (Manoukian 1952:65f).
VHandel/L: Wilks (1988:16)
Seite 2
AGE
GOROWA
EA
GOROA
OWC
FN5
EA-Nr.
839
Atlas-Nr.
839
Weitere Namen
Fiome, Guruma, Goroa
für Wasi: Alawa
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
TANZANIA
15'389 Gorowa/Tanzania
26'422 Mbugu/Tanzania
13'922 Wasi/Tanzania
8'214 Burungi/Tanzania
Baumann, O. 1894. Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle. Berlin.
Huntingford, G. W. B. 1953. The Southern Nilo-Hamites. London.
Reche, O. 1914. Zur Ethnographie des abflusslosen Gebietes Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Hamburg.
Kaplan, Irving et. al. 1978. Tanzania, a country study. Area Handbook Series. Washington.
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development Planing. 1971. 1967 Population Census, Volume 3. Dar es Salaam.
L: 4S, 36E. T: 1890. P: 17500 in 1948.
Der Name des EA-Datensatz "Goroa" wurde zu "Gorowa" geändert, nach der Schreibweise im staatlichen Zensus (1967). Vgl.
Anmerkung zur Untersuchungseinheit bei den Iraqw.
Huntingford (1953:12) "... call themselves Gorowa. Also known as Goroa, and sometimes as Fiome, Fiume, from Mount Ufiome."
Der Datensatz der Goroa wird im Atlas zudem für die Mbugu, Wasi (Alawa) und Burungi genommen.
Mbugu (26'422): Isolierte cushitische Gruppe, welche nördlich der Shamba lebt. Sie werden im staatlichen Zensus (1967) separat
aufgeführt.
Wasi (13'922; Alternativname: Alawa) Huntingford (1953:12): "...call themselves Alawa; also known as Wasi." Im staatilchen
Zensus (1967) werden sie als Wasi bezeichnet.
Burungi (8'214) Die Bevölkerungsgrössen dieser Gruppen basieren auf den Angaben des staatlichen Zensus von 1967 und wurden
anhand des durchschnittlichen jährlichen Bevölkerungszuwachses (1957-1967; 1,8%) auf 1960 rückberechnet. Die
Lokalisierung im Atlas wurde anhand der Karte von Kaplan (1978:154/155) vorgenommen.
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
31,44,46,48,50,56,58,60,62,64,65, Handel
V31/R
V44/R
V46/R
V48/L: Reche (1914:105)
V50/L: Reche (1914:107)
V62/L: Reche (1914:104)
V64/L: Reche (1914:104)
V65/R
V Handel/R
Seite 1
AGE
GRAND ATLAS-SHLUH
EA
OWC
SHLUH
MW11
EA-Nr.
322
Atlas-Nr.
322
Weitere Namen
Chleuch
bei Murdock Shluh
Stellvertreter für
ca. 30 Stämme der Grand Atlas Shluh; vgl. auch Drawa und Tekna
Murdock (1959:113):
including the Aghbar (Achbar), Fruga (Frouga), Gedmiwa, Glawa (Glaoua), Gontafa (Gentafa, Goundafa, Gundaffa), Haha, Hawara
(Haourara), Jerrar (Ait Djerrar), Ksima), Mamud (Ida ou Mamoud), Massat (Ait Massat), Menaba (El Menaba, Mneba),
Mentaga (Imentagen), Mesgina (Imssegin), Mtuga (Imtuggen, Mtioua), Ntifa (Entifa), Seksawa (Iseksawan, Seksioua), Semlal
(Ida ou Semlal), Semmeg (Ait Ssimig), Shtuka (Chtouka), Tanan (Ida ou Tanan), Unein (Ounein), Uzgita (Ousgita), Zal (Ida u
Sal), Ziki (Ida u Siki), and numerous other tribes of the Grand Atlas, the Anti-Atlas, the intervening valley of the Sous River, and
the adjacent coast of Morocco.
MOROCO
975000 Grand Atlas-Shluh
Montagne, R. 1930. Les Berbères et le Makhzen dans le sud du Maroc. Paris.
____ 1927. L'Aghbar et les hautes vallées du Grand-Atlas. Herperis 6: 1-32.
Ubach, E., and E. Rackow. 1923. Sitte und Recht in Nordafrika. Stuttgart.
Murdock, Georges P. 1959. Africa: Its Peoples and Their Cultural History. New York
Neumann, Wolfgang 1987 (1983). Die Berber. Köln
Weekes, Richard V. 1978. Muslim Peoples. Westport
With special reference to those of the Grand Atlas Mountains.
L: 30N, 9W. T: 1920. P: 600000 in 1921. B: I,541.
Murdock (1959:113): They number over a million and are sedentary cereal cultivators.
Neumann 1987: Schleuch ist zum Beispiel keine Eigenbezeichnung, sondern eine ursprünglich herabsetzende Fremdbezeichnung.
Drei Datensätze zu den Shluh sollen die Domäne der Shluh Berber kartographisch andeuten. Die unterschiedlichen Namen sowie
verschiedene Subsistenzweisen verweisen auf die kulturelle Vielfalt bzw. auf die Tatsache, dass sich hinter einem
linguistischen Sammelbegriff hunderte von indigenen sozialen Gruppen (Stämmen) verbergen können.
Weekes (1978:102): "The Shluh of the western High Atlas and the Sous region are the southermost of the Moroccan Berber groups.
Their spoken language, Tashilhait, has three mutually intelligible dialects, Shilha, Susi and Drawa....Weekes differenziert
Haratin-weiter östlich.
Varia
k.A.
65,67,69
31, 60 / Kock
V 65,67,69: Class and caste distinctions and slavery are well developed among the lowland Shluh but only slightly developed in the
mountains.
V 31/R: eventuell ist Code 7 zutreffender.
V 60/R, da V 3=0
Seite 1
AGE
Grebo
EA
OWC
keine
FD7
EA-Nr.
keine
Atlas-Nr.
1525
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
LIBERIA
72200 Grebo in Liberia
Becker-Donner, E. 1944. Ueber zwei Kruvölkerstämme: Kran und Grebo. Wiener Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte und Linguistik.
Jahrgang 6:58-70.
Liberia: " Die Tradition der Greboleute selbst ist, dass sie vor etwa 150 Jahren von dem Küstengebiet der heutigen Kolonie
Elfenbeinküste kamen und langsam von der See her in ihre neuen Wohngebiete einwanderten. Sie behaupten, von den Kru
abzustammen, und diesen wieder sagen sie nach, dass die Bassa, die nordwestlich de Kru wohnen, deren Stammväter wären.
Tatsächlich sind alle drei Stämme, noch einschliesslich der Kran, sehr nahe verwandt und formen als Kruvölkergruppe eine
eigene Einheit" (Baumann 1944:59). Zu den Stammesdefinitionen und ihrer Problematik siehe auch Anmerkungen zur
Untersuchungseinheiten der Kran und Kru.
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
Neukodierung / Züst 1992
V1/R: Becker-Donner (1944:61)
V8/R
V9/R
V10/L:Becker-Donner (1944:62)
V15/R
V16/R
V17/L: Becker-Donner (1940:60)
V18/L: Becker-Donner (1940:60-63)
V19/R
V20/R
V21/R
V28/R
V30/R
V31/R
V33/L: Becker-Donner (1944:63): "Jeder Gruppe (Unterstamm) steht heute ein Häuptling vor; in alten Zeiten wurden die
Stammesangelegenheiten durch einen Rat derAlten, nyebo gbade, geregelt. Mehr Gewalt hatte aber der Priester, bo dia, der
das religiöse Oberhaupt einer Gruppe ist. Der Priester steht in Verbindung mit den Ahnengeistern und vermittelt Bitten und
Aufträge der Untertanen".
V43/R
V48/R
V56/R
Seite 1
Grebo - LIBERIA
V65/R
V68/R
V69/R
V71/R
V72/R
V73/R
V74/R
VHandel/R
Seite 2
AGE
GREEKS
EA
GREEKS
OWC
EH1
EA-Nr.
708
Atlas-Nr.
708
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
GREECE
100000 Greeks / Turkey
2000 Greeks / Lebanon
141000 Greeks / Georgia
Friedl, E. 1962. Vasilika, a Village in Modern Greece. New York.
Glavnoe upravlenie geodezii i kartografii gosudarstvennogo geologicheskogo komiteta SSSR, Institut ethografii im. N.N.
Miklukho-Maklaja Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1964. Atlas Narodow Mira (Atlas der Völker der Welt). Moskva.
With special reference to the village of Vasilika.
L: 39N, 23E. T: 1950. B: IV, 452.
Varia
k.A.
40
k.A.
V 40: But principally sheep and horses.
Seite 1
AGE
GUDE
EA
GUDE
OWC
FF12
EA-Nr.
1023
Atlas-Nr.
1023
Weitere Namen
Cheke
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
NIGERIA
10000 Gude / Cameroon
38000 Guidar / Cameroon
8000 Hina /Cameroon
Lembezat, B. 1961. Les populations païennes du Nord-Cameroun et de l'Adamaoua. Paris.
Meek, C. K. 1931. Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. 2v. London.
Lukas, R. 1973. Nicht-Islamische Ethnien im Südlichen Tschadraum. Wiesbaden.
Murdock, G. 1959. Africa. Its People and Their Culture History. Washington.
L: 10N, 13E. T: 1920. P: 30000 in 1958. B: V, 339.
Kamerun: Die Guidar vermitteln das Bild einer beweglichen Ethnie, die einerseits aus politischen Gründen, andererseits aber auch
aus wirtschaftlichen - Suche nach Brachland - viele Wanderungen durchgeführt hat. Ihrer Zahl und ihrem Einfluss nach sind
sie für die Zukunft des Arondissements Guider von grosser Bedeutung. Der Islamisierung durch die Ful haben sie bis in
jüngste Zeit starken Widerstand entgegengesetzt, der christliche Einfluss (5%) überwiegt den islamischen (1%) (Lukas
1973:52-54).
Der Datensatz der Gude wird auch für die kulturell ähnlichen Guidar und Hina verwendet (siehe Murdock 1959:92)
Varia
k.A.
40
k.A.
V 40: Also a few cattle.
V 73,75: Formerly 7, 4.
Seite 1
AGE
GUERE
EA
OWC
NGERE
FA29
EA-Nr.
956
Atlas-Nr.
956
Weitere Namen
Guere, Nge're'
Stellvertreter für
30000 Wobé (Ouobé)
IVORYCOAST
150'000 Guéré in Ivory Coast
30'000 Wobé in Ivory Coast
Schwab, G. 1947. Tribes of the Liberian Hinterland. Pap. Peabody Mus. Amer. Arch. Ethnol., Harvard Univ. 31: 1-526.
Viard, L. 1934. Les Guérés. Paris.
Area Handbook of Ivory Coast. 1973. Washington.
Holas, B. 1968. Craft and Culture in the Ivory Coast. München.
Murdock, G.P: 1959. Africa. Its Peoples and Their Culture History. New York.
With special reference to the Gio of the Ivory Coast.
L: 7N, 8W. T: 1930. P: 72000 in 1950. B: V, 333.
Der Datensatz der Guéré wird auch für die Wobé genommen: "The languages of the Ouobé and the Guéré are close to each other
and are mutually understandable. Outside of their home area, they often form a single group. (...) The Guéré often refuse their
own name, prefering to be called Ouobé, since Guéré seems to have pejorative meaning. There is some discussion as to
whether both the Guéré and the Ouobé might better be placed with the Peripheral Mandé peoples than with the Krou complex,
but the bulk of opinion seems to lie against this hypothesis" (Area Handbook 1973:67).
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
46,56,62,65,76, Handel/Götzö 1992
V46/L: Holas (1968:61)
V56/L: Murdock (1959:262)
V62/L: Area Handbook (1973:115)
V65/L: Murdock (1959:263)
V76/L: Area Handbook (1973:81)
V Handel/L: Murdock (1959:262)
Seite 1
AGE
GUJARATI
EA
GUJARATI
OWC
AW7
EA-Nr.
1136
Atlas-Nr.
1136
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
INDIA
16839000 Gujarati/India, Gujarat
1102000 Gujarati/India, Maharashtra
15000 Gujarati/Burma
30000 Gujarati/Yemen (PDR)
1000 Gujarati/Malaysia
260000 Gujarati/Pakistan
7000 Gujarati/Fiji
134'000 Gujarati/South Africa
7000 Gujarati/Zambia
15500 Gujarati/Kenya
7000 Gujarati/Zambia
11'000 Gujarati/Malawi
9'000 Gujarati/Zimbabwe
Karve, K. 1042-43. Kinship Terminology and Kinship Usages in Gujarat and Kathiawab. Bull. Deccan Coll. Res. Inst. 4:208-226.
Poona.
Mukhtyar, G. C. 1930. Life and Labour in a Southern Gujarat Village. Studies in Indian Economics, ed. C. N. Vakil, 3: 1-304.
Calcutta.
Karve, Iravati. 1968. Kinship organisation in India. Dritte Auflage, Bombay.
Steed, Gitel P. 1955. Notes on an approach to a study of personality formation in a Hindu village in Gujarat. In: Marriott, McKim
(ed.). Village India. American Anthropologist, Vol.57, No. 3, Part 2, pp. 102-144.
L: 20N, 77E. T: 1920. P: 2200000 in 1921. B: New.
Yemen (PDR): Gujarati als Stellvertreter auch für Panjabi und andere Zuwanderer aus Indien und Pakistan.
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
69, 71, 72, 75, Handel / Seiler Schiedt
V 69/R-L: Mukhtyar (1930:252). Verschuldung und daraus erwachsende, chronische Verpflichtung zur Arbeit für den Geldgeber
werden von Mukhtyar beschrieben.
V 71/L: Steed (1955:116)
V 72/L: Steed (1955:116)
V 75/L: Karve (1968:344f,355)
V Handel/L: Mukhtyar (1930:172ff)
Seite 1
AGE
GURAGE
EA
OWC
GURAGE
MP11
EA-Nr.
707
Atlas-Nr.
707
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
ETHIOPIA
410'000 Gurage/ Ethiopia
Leslau, W. 1950. Ethiopic Documents: Guarge. Viking Fund Publ. Anth. 14: 2-176.
Shack, W. A. 1963. Religious Ideas and Social Action in Gurage Bond Friendship. Africa 33: 198-208.
Levine, D. 1974. Greater Ethiopia. The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society. Chicago.
L: 8N, 38E. T: 1940. P: 350000 in 1960. B: IV, 452.
Die Gurage gehören nach Levine zu den Lacustrine-Völkern und bestehen aus verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen, welche jedoch
alle unter dem Namen Gurage bekannt sind: Aklil, Aymellel, Chaha, Gafat, Geto, Gogot, Indegen, Innemor, Inneqor, Izha,
Mesqan, Muher, Silti, Urbareg, Weleni, Zway. (Levine 1974: Appendix). Ausser den letztgenannten, die vor allem fischen, sind
sie alle Ackerbauern (digging-stick horticulture of ensete) und sich auch sonst kulturell ähnlich.
Varia
ca.50% Muslime (Weekes 1984: 301)
ca. 50% Orthodoxe Christen
k.A.
31,46,48,50,56,60,62,65,69,71,72,74,76, Handel
V31/L: Shack (1966): Neue Siedlungen durchschnittlich 300 Personen
V46/L: Shack (1966: 68)
V48/L: Shack (1966: 65)
V50/L: Shack (1966: 69): Töpfe werden auf den Markt gebracht
V56/R
V60/R
V62/R: Junge Knaben hüten das Vieh
V65/L: Shack (1966: 106)
V69/L: Shack (1966: 135): "Most families kept domestic slaves...they could assist in agricultural chores. Slaves were never
adopted into the household's lineage through which the inheritance of land and, concomitant with it, jural rights in the community
are made possible; the few of their descendants that are found today have attached themselves as domestics in Gurage
households."
V71/L: Shack (1955: 135): "Hereditary rank was mainly confined to political and ritual fonctonaries."
Es gibt Clanchefs, die politische, richterliche, kriegerische Funktionen haben, die eigentliche chiefs sind, wenn man in
segmentären Gesellschaften von chiefs sprechen kann. Diese sind patrilinear vererbbar, vom Vater auf seine Söhne. (Shack
1955: 148ff)
Village headman: patrilinear vererblich an den ältesten Sohn, Position durch relative Seniorität der lineage.
V72/L: Vergl. Anm. zu V71
V74/L: Shack (1955: 114): Der älteste Sohn erbt den grössten Teil, wenn er ein idealer Sohn ist.
V75/R
V76/R
V Handel/R
Seite 1
AGE
GURE
EA
OWC
GURE
FF35
EA-Nr.
314
Atlas-Nr.
314
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
NIGERIA
k.A.
Meek, C. K. 1931. Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria 2: 189-219. London.
Dunn, H. D. 1956. Pagan Peoples of the Central Area of Northern Nigeria. London.
L: 10N, 8E. T: 1920. P: 4000 in 1948.
Varia
k.A.
73-76
k.A.
V 73-76: Matrilineal but not specified whether 2 or 3.
Seite 1
AGE
GURMA
EA
OWC
GURMA
FA20
EA-Nr.
990
Atlas-Nr.
990
Weitere Namen
Gurmantche
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
BURKINAFASO
169000 Gurma / Burkino Faso
65000 Gurma / Togo
2000 Gurma / Benin
Castinel, J. 1945. Le mariage et la mort dans la région du Yanga. Bull. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire 7: 148-155.
Menjaud, H. 1932. Documents ethnographiques sur le Gourma. Journ. Soc. Africanistes 2: 35-47.
Cartry, M. 1966. Clans, lineages et groupements familiaux chez les Gourmantché. L'Homme 6: ii, 53-81.
Anquetil, J. 1977. Afrique Noir. Paris.
Murdock. P. 1959. Africa. Its People and their Culture History. New York.
With special reference to those in the Diapaga region.
L: 12N, 2E. T: 1930. P: 250000 in 1965. B: V, 336. Cluster 60.
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
15,31.44,46,48,50,56,58,60,62,64,65,68,69,73,74,76, Handel / Götzö 1992
V15/L: Murdock (1959:82)
V31/R: Codierung berücksichtigt Städte und Stadtquartiere in denen Gurma leben.
V44/R
V46/L: Anquetil (1977:178)
V48/R
V50/L: Anquetil (1977:178)
V56/L:Murdock (1959:82)
V58/L: Murdock (1959:82)
V60/L: Murdock (1959:82)
V62/L: Murdock (1959:82)
V64/L: Murdock (1959:82)
V65/L:Murdock (1959:85)
V68/L:Murdock (1959:85)
V69/L:Murdock (1959:85)
V73/L:Murdock (1959:85)
V74/R
V76/R
VHandel/L: Murdock (1959:82)
Seite 1
AGE
GURO
EA
OWC
GURO
FA21
EA-Nr.
952
Atlas-Nr.
952
Weitere Namen
Konéni, Konéné, Dipa
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
IVORYCOAST
75000 Ivory Coast
Tauxier, L. 1924. Nègres gouro et gagou. Paris.
Meillassoux, C. 1964. Anthropologie économique des Gouro. Paris and The Hague.
Area Handbook of Ivory Coast. 1973. Washington.
L: 7N, 6W. T: 1920. P: 85000 in 1955. B: V, 332.
"The Gouro seem to have come from the north or northwest at an early period. (...) They resemble the Gagou in social structure,
except that they have a chief over each tribe and are much more numerous" (Area Handbook 1973:66).
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
48, Handel / Götzö 1992
V 48 /L: Tauxier (1924:190)
V Handel/L: Tauxier (1924:154)
Seite 1
AGE
GURUNG
EA
GURUNG
OWC
EA-Nr.
Atlas-Nr.
1481
Weitere Namen
k.A.
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
NEPAL
158000 Gurung / Nepal
120000 Gurung / Bhutan
5000 Gurung / Sikkim
Pignède, Bernard. 1966. Les Gurungs. Une population Himalayenne du Nepal. Paris.
Messerschmidt, Donald A. 1976. The Gurungs of Nepal. Conflict and Change in a Village Society. Warminster.
Macfairlaine, Alen. 1976. Resources and Population. A study of Gurungs of Nepal Cambridge University Press.
Bista, Dor B. 1967. People of Nepal. Kathmandu.
Gaboriau, M. 1978. Le Népal. Paris.
Lokalisierung: Die Gurung bewohnen das Gebiet zwischen den Flüssen Buri Gandaki im Osten, Kali Gandaki im Westen und den
Himalya-Bergen im Norden. Viele Gurung sind nach Sikkim und Assam ausgewandert.
Varia
Rauber: Die Gurung haben eine synkretistische Religion: tribal und Buddhismus.
k.A.
Neukodierung/Rauber 1991
V 1/L: Pignède (1966:150)
V 2/L: Pignède (1966:149)
V 3/L: Pignède (1966:149)
V 4/L: Pignède (1966:131)
V 5/R
V 6/L: Bista (1967:79); Messerschmidt (1976:57). Kodierung nach Bista, Messerschmidt erwähnt reziproker Geschenkaustausch
(Code 4).
V 7/R: Messerschmidt (1976:57). Marriage by elopement.
V 8/L: Pignède (1966:239)
V 9/L: Pignède (1966:221). Polygame Ehen sind sehr selten. Im Fall von Unfruchtbarkeit der ersten Frau, v.a. bei reichen Familien,
haben die Gurung polygame Ehe.
V 10/L: Bista (1967:79). Nach der Heirat lebt die junge Braut zuerst einige Zeit bei ihren Eltern, bevor sie in die Familie ihres
Mannes zieht.
V 11/L: Pignède (1966:190)
V 12/L: Pignède (1966:190)
V 13/L: Pignède (1966:239). Hat ein Vater keine Söhne, nur Töchter, so kann er den Ehemann seiner Tochter adoptieren. Dieses
Ehepaar lebt dann uxorilokal.
V 14/L: Pignède (1966:239). Vgl. Anmerkung zu V 13.
V 15/L: Pignède (1966:228/240)
V 16/R
V 17/L: Pignède (1966:189)
V 18/R
V 19/R
V 20/R
V 21/R
V 28/L: Pignède (1966:112-120). Bis ins 19. Jhr. waren Hackbau, Viehzucht, Jagdt und Handel wichtig. Seit der Immigration der
Indo-Nepali haben die Gurung Terrassenbau mit Reis.
V 29/L: Pignède (1966:131)
V 30/L: Pignède (1966:31). Messerschmidt (1976:35). Transhumans spielte früher ein grosse Rolle, heute hingegen sind saisonale
Siedlungen sehr selten.
V 31/L: Pignède (1966:31)
V 32/R
V 33/L: Pignède (1966:196). Allgemein gilt: In ganz Nepal wurde der Code 4 gegeben, weil bereits vor 1900 das ganze Land
politisch geeint wurde und auch in entlegene Täler Abgesandte des Königs geschickt wurden. Trotzdem: Je weiter entfernt eine
Gruppe vom Zentrum Kathmandu entfernt lebt, desto autochthoner.
Seite 1
GURUNG - NEPAL
V 39/L: Pignède (1966:125)
V 40/L: Pignède (1966:131)
V 43/L: Pignède (1966:163)
V 44/L: Pignède (1966:69)
V 46/L: Pignède (1966:180)
V 48/L: Pignède (1966:69)
V 50/L: Pignède (1966:93)
V 56/L: Messerschmidt (1976)
V 65/L: Messerschmidt (1976:105)
V 71/L: Pignède (1966:199); Gaborieau (1978).
V 72/L: Pignède (1966:199)
V 73/L: Pignède (1966:268)
V 74/L: Pignède (1966:269)
V 75/L: Pignède (1966:268)
V 76/L: Pignède (1966:269)
V Schrift R
V Sprache
V Handel L: Messerschmidt (1976:35). Handel spielt vor 1950 bei den Gurung eine grosse Rolle (Teppiche, Decken und Kleider
aus Wolle, Korbwaren aus Bambus). Eine andere wichtige Einnahmequelle ist das Söldnerwesen, d.h. Pensionen und Löhne
von den Gurkha-Soldaten.
Seite 2
AGE
GUSII
EA
GUSII
OWC
FL8
EA-Nr.
639
Atlas-Nr.
639
Weitere Namen
Gizii, Kisii, Kosova
Stellvertreter für
k.A.
KENYA
584'500 Gusii/ Kenya
Mayer, P. 1949. The Lineage Principle in Gusii Society. Int. Afr. Inst. Memorandum. 24: 1-35.
____ 1950. Gusii Bridwealth, Law and Custom. Rhodes-Liv. Pap. 18: 1-67.
____ 1953. Gusii Initiation Ceremonies. Journ. Roy. Anth. Inst. 83: 9-36.
____ 1965. From Kinship to Common Descent: Four-Generation Genealogies Among the Gusii. Africa 35: 366-384.
Le Vine, R. A. 1959. Gusii Sex Offenses. Amer. Anth. 61: 965-990.
Andersen, K. 1977. African traditional architecture. A Study of the Housing and settlement of Rural Kenya. London.
Fedders, A., Salvadori, C. 1979. Peoples and cultures of Kenya. Nairobi.
Le Vine, R. A. 1962. Wealth and Power in Gusiiland. Northwestern University African Studies Nr.9
L: 1S, 35E. T: 1940. P: 238000 in 1950.
Varia
k.A.
k.A.
31,44,46,48,5o56,58,6o,62,64,69, Schrift, Sprache, Handel/ Sulser 1992
V31/R: Fedders/Salvadori (1979: 107): "With the exception of those Kiisi who congregated around the shores of Nyanza Gulf, the
rest inhabited isolated homesteads consisting of basic familiy units."
V44/L: Le Vine (1962: 525): "Specialists who provided goods included smiths and hide-dressers."
V46/R
V48/R
V5o/L: Fedders/Salvadori (1979: 111): "The crafts of basketry and pottery are practised throughout Kisii."
V56/R: Vgl. V1 o - 5% unbedeutend
V58/R: Vgl. V2 o - 5% unbedeutend
V6o/R: Vgl. V3 o - 5% unbedeutend
V62/L: Le Vine (1962: 522): "Women and middle-aged men worked in the fields; young men lived out in cattle-villages to herd and
raid; uninitiated children herded sheep and goats; old men discussed cattle and settled local disputes. "
V64/L: Le Vine (1962: 522): "Agriculture was primarily woman's work and thus less prestigeful than the care and disposal of cattle,
a male activity."
V69/R
Schrift/L: Grimes (1988: 244)
Sprache/L: Grimes (1988: 244): Bantu, Gusii
Handel/L: Fedders/Salvadori (1979: 111): "In exchange for the stock the Kiisi traded grain (mostly finger millet), soapstone and iron
to the Luo."
Seite 1

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