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I-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) ihlasela
umzimba kanye nokwenza amasosha omzimba
aphelelwe ngamandla ukuze angakwazi ukulwisa izifo.
Uma umuntu enevayirasi ye-HIV, kuthiwa u-HIV-positive
(unegciwane le-HIV).
I-AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Ngemuva kweminyaka (okuvamise ukuba yiminyaka
engu 5 ukuya kwengu 10) umuntu one-HIV angagula
kakhulu kanti angaba nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo (amasymptom) alandelayo:
• Ukuzizwa ekhathele ephelelwa ngamandla
(entekenteke).
•U
kwehla kwesisindo somzimba
(ukonda).
•U
kuba nama-infection
emlonyeni.
•U
kushintsha kwesikhumba
kanye nokuqubuka (i-rash).
• Izifo zesikhathi eside ezifana
ne-TB kanye ne-pneumonia
engavamile.
Uma umuntu one-HIV
eqala ukuba nalezi
zimpawu (lamasymptom), sithi uneAIDS.
Uma une-HIV
ungaphila impilo
enhle nokwazi
ukuzenzela izinto
uma uthola imithi
(treatment) kanye
nokuzinakekela.
Njenge-diabetes (isifo sikashukela)
kanye ne-high blood pressure, i-HIV
iyalawuleka ngokuphila impilo enhle
(healthy living) kanye nokuphuza
imithi (taking treatment). Imithi
isebenza kangcono uma uyiphuza
kusenesikhathi, ungalindi uze ugule.
Uyithola kanjani i-HIV
Ivayirasi isabalala ngokuxhumana ngokocansi
okubandakanya ngesitho sangasese sowesimame
(vaginal), isitho sangemuva (anal) nangomlomo
(oral), ukungenelana kwegazi (blood to blood
contact) kanye nokusuka kumama ukuya enganeni
(ngoketshezi lomzimba olufana negazi, uketshezi
lwesitho sangasese (vaginal fluid) kanye nobisi
lwebele).
Noma ngubani owenza ucansi ngendlela
engavikelekile angangenwa yi-HIV kodwa
usengozini enkulu uma:
• Unama-partner eqe koyedwa.
• Usebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa ngoba
lokhu kwenza ukuthi umuntu angazithibi (lowers
inhibitions) kanye nokwenyusa izinga lendlela
yokuziphatha eyingozi ngokocansi.
• Uma usebudlelwaneni bokuthengiselana
ngocansi ngoba kungenzeka ama-partner
engafuni ukusebenzisa amakhondomu.
• Uma usebudlelwaneni nomuntu omdala ngoba
kungenzeka enamanye ama-partner.
• Unezifo ezithelelana ngokocansi (sexually
transmitted infections (STIs)).
• Usebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nokwabelana
ngezinalithi zezidakamizwa nabanye.
• Wenza ucansi olumagudlugudlu (rough) noma
olomile (dry sex) ngoba lokhu kungabanga
ukusikeka nokopha okwenza ukuthi ivayirasi
ikwazi ukungena esikhunjeni sakho kalula.
• Ungasokile (uncircumcised). Ngisho noma
ukusoka kwabesilisa (male circumcision)
kuphungula kancane ingozi yokungenwa yiHIV, kumele basebenzise amakhondomu sonke
isikhathi lapho benza ucansi.
I-HIV ngeke yasabalaliswa ukongana
nabanye (hugging), ukuxhawulana,
ukuthintana noma ukuhlala ezintweni
(ezifana nezihlalo zasethoyilethi,
nokunye okunjalo) noma ukulunywa
zilwanyakazana ezifana nomiyane.
Ungazivikela kanjani ekungenweni yi-HIV
ABSTAIN (UKUNGALWENZI NEZE UCANSI)
– ukungayi ocansini.
NJALO NJE UKWETHEMBEKA
(FAITHFUL) ku-partner wakho
oyedwa.
UKWENZA UHLOLO
kanye nokwazi isimo
sakho kanye nesikapartner wakho
ngokukhulumisana
ngokuhlolelwa i-HIV
ngezikhathi nezikhathi.
Kumele wazi isimo
sakho ukuze ukwazi
ukunakekela
impilo yakho
kanye
nokuvikela
abanye
empilweni
yakho.
• Uma une-HIV akusho ukuthi uzovele ugule ngaso
leso sikhathi, okusho ukuthi ungasabalalisa i-HIV
iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba wazi isimo
sakho nge-HIV.
• Ngeke wakwazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu une-HIV;
ukuhlolwa kuphela okungakhombisa lokhu.
Ubani okumele ahlolwe?
• Uma wenze ucansi (ngesitho sangasese, ngesitho
sangemuva noma ngomlomo) ngaphandle
kokusebenzisa ikhondomu, noma lapho ikhondomu
ingasebenzanga kahle khona.
• Uma utholane negazi lomuntu ngaphandle kokuba
nezinto zokukuvikela.
• Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa kanti futhi wabelane
nabanye ngezinalithi.
• Uma une-HIV kanti futhi uthola ingane (uzala)
ngaphandle kokuthola imithi, kumele ingane yakho
iyohlolelwa i-HIV.
• Ingane enceliswa ngumuntu one-HIV.
• Uma unesifo socansi sama-STI (sexually
transmitted infection).
• Uma usola ukuthi une-TB.
SEBENZISA AMAKHONDOMU – ngaso sonke
isikhathi sebenzisa ikhondomu kumzuliswano
ngamunye wocansi olwenziwa (ngesitho sangasese
sowesimame, isitho sangemuva noma ngomlomo).
Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu ngendlela efanele
• Bheka usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi
kwikhondomu, uma lolo suku selwedlulile,
ungayisebenzisi leyo khondomu.
• Bheka ukuthi iphakethe kalilimele noma
ukudabuka. Uma iphakethe linembobo
noma lidabukile, kusho ukuthi nekhondomu
ngaphakathi kungenzeka lilimele, musa
ukusebenzisa lelo khondomu.
• Ukugcina ikhondomu kwiwalethi noma
ephaketheni langemuva akuwona umbono
omuhle ngoba kungenzeka lilinyazwe ukufudumala
kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma lihlale lapho isikhathi
eside. Beka amakhondomu endaweni epholile.
• Ungasebenzisi ibhotela, uvaselina noma u-oyela
wokupheka noma yimuphi omunye u-oyela
ukuthambisa lapho usebenzisa ikhondomu ngoba
lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ikhondomu lephuke.
• Fakela ikhondomu elilodwa. Ungafakeli
amakhondomu amabili abesilisa. Ungasebenzisi
ikhondomu lowesilisa uma owesimame efakele
elabesimame le-femidom. Ukusebenzisa
amakhondomu amabili kungenza ukuthi
amakhondomu aqhume.
Odinga ukukwazi WENA...
Nge-Sandulela
Ngculazi (HIV)
Nengculazi(i-AIDS)
Uma une-TB kumele uhlolelwe i-HIV ngoba i-TB
ivamise kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV, kanti futhi
kungcono ukuthi usheshe wazi isimo sakho,
ukuze unakekele impilo yakho. I-TB iyelapheka
uma umuntu ephuza kahle ngokufanele imithi.
Uma wena noma u-partner wakho ekhulelwe,
qinisekisa ukuthi niyahlolwa. Umama one-HIV
angavikela ingane yakhe ukuthi ingangenwa
yi-HIV esuka kuye ngokuphuza imithi yamaantiretroviral.
hi4
LIFE
Thola ulwazi lweMpilo MAHHALA
uluthunyelwa kwiselula yakho
Ukubhalisa, thumela amagama athi ‘please call me’ ku:
072 523 9398
Le phamflethi (le ncwajana) ithole usizo lwemali ngokusekelwa ngabohlelo oluvela kwiUS President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) oluvele kwabe-US Agency for
International Development ngaphansi kwesivumelwano se-Cooperative Agreement No. 674-A12-00015 ngabe-Anova Health Institute.
• Imibono evezwe kule phamflethi akuyona nje kuphela imibono yabe-PEPFAR, USAID NOMA
I-AHI.
• Abantu abasesithombeni ngama-model okwenziwa ngabo imifanekiso, akusho ukuthi bane-HIV.
National AIDS Help Line – 0800 012 322 (lwamahhala)
Ungaxhumana nabe-HIVSA ku: Ucingo: +27 11 494 1900
IsiZulu